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<div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Kuartzo" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Kuartzo" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Kuartzo" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Kuartzo" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izenaren_jatorria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenaren_jatorria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izenaren jatorria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenaren_jatorria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kristal-habitua_eta_-egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristal-habitua_eta_-egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kristal-habitua eta -egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristal-habitua_eta_-egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aldaerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aldaerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aldaerak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aldaerak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Aldaerak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aldaerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polimorfoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polimorfoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Polimorfoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polimorfoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mikroegituraren_araberakoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikroegituraren_araberakoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mikroegituraren araberakoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikroegituraren_araberakoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolorearen_araberakoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolorearen_araberakoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kolorearen araberakoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolorearen_araberakoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amatista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amatista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Amatista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amatista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuartzo_urdina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuartzo_urdina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Kuartzo urdina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuartzo_urdina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dumortierita_kuartzoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dumortierita_kuartzoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Dumortierita kuartzoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dumortierita_kuartzoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zitrina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zitrina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Zitrina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zitrina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuartzo_esnekara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuartzo_esnekara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Kuartzo esnekara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuartzo_esnekara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuartzo_arrosa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuartzo_arrosa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>Kuartzo arrosa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuartzo_arrosa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuartzo_ketua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuartzo_ketua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.7</span> <span>Kuartzo ketua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuartzo_ketua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prasiolita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prasiolita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.8</span> <span>Prasiolita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prasiolita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piezoelektrizitatea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piezoelektrizitatea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Piezoelektrizitatea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piezoelektrizitatea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineral-hobiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral-hobiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mineral-hobiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineral-hobiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balio_ekonomikoa_eta_erabilgarritasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balio_ekonomikoa_eta_erabilgarritasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Balio ekonomikoa eta erabilgarritasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balio_ekonomikoa_eta_erabilgarritasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tratamendu_sintetikoak_eta_artifizialak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tratamendu_sintetikoak_eta_artifizialak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tratamendu sintetikoak eta artifizialak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tratamendu_sintetikoak_eta_artifizialak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuartzo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 96 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwarts" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarz" title="Cuarz – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuarz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="क्वार्टज़ – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्वार्टज़" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="مرو (معدن) – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرو (معدن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzu" title="Cuarzu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuarzu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="क्वार्ट्ज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्वार्ट्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quars" title="Quars – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emen" title="Křemen – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křemen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarz" title="Quarz – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quarz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χαλαζίας – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλαζίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarco" title="Kvarco – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvarco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzo" title="Cuarzo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuarzo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartsi" title="Kvartsi – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kvartsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral) – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quartz (minéral)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grianchloch" title="Grianchloch – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grianchloch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eit" title="Eit – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eit" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzo" title="Cuarzo – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuarzo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%8Dk-y%C3%AEn" title="Sa̍k-yîn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍k-yîn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="קוורץ – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוורץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="स्फटिक – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्फटिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emje%C5%84" title="Křemjeń – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Křemjeń" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%81" title="Քվարց – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվարց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarz" title="Quarz – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Quarz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuarsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarco" title="Quarco – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Quarco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzo" title="Quarzo – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quarzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="კვარცი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვარცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwar%C9%A9t%C9%A9s%C9%A9" title="Kuwarɩtɩsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kuwarɩtɩsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kuarsa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90" title="បុស្សរាគម័ – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុស្សរាគម័" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ ಶಿಲೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ ಶಿಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%98%81" title="석영 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석영" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzum" title="Quarzum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarzum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaarz_(Mineral)" title="Quaarz (Mineral) – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quaarz (Mineral)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarcas" title="Kvarcas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvarcas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarcs" title="Kvarcs – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvarcs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatokaranana" title="Vatokaranana – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatokaranana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്വാർട്ട്സ് – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വാർട്ട്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarza" title="Kuarza – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuarza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quartzo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="သလင်းကျောက် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သလင်းကျောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwarts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCars" title="Qüars – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Qüars" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhagaa_Cicala" title="Dhagaa Cicala – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhagaa Cicala" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80" title="Дзæнхъадур – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзæнхъадур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarc" title="Kwarc – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwarc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="کوارٹز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوارٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quartzo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhisqa" title="Qhisqa – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhisqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuarț" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzu" title="Quarzu – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Quarzu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9F%E0%B7%94" title="පළිඟු – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පළිඟු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreme%C5%88" title="Kremeň – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kremeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamena_strela" title="Kamena strela – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamena strela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarci" title="Kuarci – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuarci" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="குவார்ட்சு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவார்ட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ควอตซ์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ควอตซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvars" title="Kuvars – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuvars" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_anh" title="Thạch anh – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thạch anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwarso" title="Kuwarso – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kuwarso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-eng" title="Chio̍h-eng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chio̍h-eng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43010#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuartzo" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Kuartzo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuartzo"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuartzo"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Kuartzo" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Kuartzo" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&oldid=9972026" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Kuartzo&id=9972026&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKuartzo"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKuartzo"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kuartzo"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kuartzo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartz" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43010" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: silver;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de mineral"><img alt="Infotaula de mineral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Linecons_diamond.svg/25px-Linecons_diamond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Linecons_diamond.svg/38px-Linecons_diamond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Linecons_diamond.svg/50px-Linecons_diamond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span>Kuartzoa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz,_Tibet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/220px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/330px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/440px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1596" /></a></span> <br /><center>Tibet mendian aurkitutako kuartzo kristalak</center></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: silver;">Ezaugarri orokorrak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kategoria</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silikato" title="Silikato">Silikatoa</a>, oxido minerala</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Formula</th><td class="infobox-data">SiO<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Dana sailkapena</th><td class="infobox-data">75.01.03.01 (tektosilikatoak)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nickel-Strunz_sailkapena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nickel-Strunz sailkapena (sortu gabe)">Nickel-Strunz sailkapena</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.DA.05 (oxidoak)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_kristalino" title="Sistema kristalino">Sistema kristalino</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α kuartzoa: Trigonala β kuartzoa: Hexagonala</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talde_espazial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talde espazial (sortu gabe)">Talde espazial</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kuartzo (α) baxua= P 3<sub>2</sub>21 Kuartzo (β) altua= P 3<sub>1</sub>21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talde_puntual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talde puntual (sortu gabe)">Talde puntual</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigonal-trapezoidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigonal-trapezoidal (sortu gabe)">trigonal-trapezoidal</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13362465?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Zelda unitatea</th><td class="infobox-data">a = 4,9133 Å , c = 5,4053 Å; Z = 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Masa molarra</th><td class="infobox-data">60.08 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Eponimoa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_vein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross vein (sortu gabe)">cross vein</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28842424?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: silver;">Identifikazioa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kolorea</th><td class="infobox-data">Aldakorra: gardena, zuria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Habitoa</th><td class="infobox-data">6 aldeko prisma, 6 aldeko piramide batean amaitzen dena (tipikoa), drusoa, ale finetik mikrokristalinora, masiboa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Fraktura</th><td class="infobox-data">Konkoidala</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Gogortasuna<br /><a href="/wiki/Mohs_eskala" title="Mohs eskala">Mohs eskalan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7 Mohs eskalan. Balio txikiagoak aldaera ezpuruagoetan.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Distira_(mineralogia)" title="Distira (mineralogia)">Distira</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beira" title="Beira">Beirakara</a>; Opakua masiboa denean.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Pleokroismo" title="Pleokroismo">Pleokroismoa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bat ere ez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Birrefringentzia" title="Birrefringentzia">Birrefringentzia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+0,009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Marra" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Marra">Marra</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zuria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dentsitate_erlatibo" title="Dentsitate erlatibo">Dentsitate erlatiboa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,65 g/cm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Urtze" title="Urtze">Urtze</a> puntua</th><td class="infobox-data">1670 °C (β tridimita) 1713 °C (β kristobalita)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Disolbagarritasun" title="Disolbagarritasun">Disolbagarritasuna</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Disolbaezina; 1 ppm 400 °C-an, 2600 ppm 500 °C-an</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Kuartzo</b>a <a href="/wiki/Silizio" title="Silizio">silizio</a>- eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a>-<a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a>z osatutako <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> kristalino gogorra da. Atomoak SiO<sub>4</sub>-ren <a href="/wiki/Silizio" title="Silizio">silizio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a>zko <a href="/wiki/Tetraedro" title="Tetraedro">tetraedro</a>-egitura jarraitu batean lotuta daude, eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a> bakoitza bi <a href="/wiki/Tetraedro" title="Tetraedro">tetraedro</a>ren artean banatzen delarik, SiO<sub>2</sub>-aren <a href="/wiki/Formula_kimiko" title="Formula kimiko">formula kimiko</a> orokor bat ematen du. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuartzo</a>a <a href="/wiki/Lurrazal_kontinental" title="Lurrazal kontinental">kontinente-lurrazal</a>eko bigarren <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>ik ugariena da, <a href="/wiki/Feldespato" title="Feldespato">feldespato</a>aren atzetik.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kuartzoa bi formatan ager daiteke: α kuartzoa (normala) eta β kuartzoa (tenperatura altukoa), biak <a href="/wiki/Kiralitate_(fisika)" title="Kiralitate (fisika)">kiral</a>ak izanik. α kuartzoaren β kuartzorako eraldaketa 573 °C-an gertatzen da bat-batean (846 K; 1063 °F). Eraldaketarekin batera bolumen-aldaketa nabarmena gertatzen denez, erraz eragin dezake tenperatura-atalase hori zeharkatzen duten <a href="/wiki/Zeramika" title="Zeramika">zeramika</a>ren edo <a href="/wiki/Arroka" title="Arroka">arrok</a>en haustura. </p><p>Hainbat kuartzo-aldaera daude, eta horietako batzuk <a href="/wiki/Harribitxi" title="Harribitxi">harribitxi</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdi-bitxiak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdi-bitxiak (sortu gabe)">erdi-bitxiak</a> dira. Antzinatik, kuartzo-aldaerak izan dira harri gogorreko bitxiak eta tailuak egiteko <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> erabilienak, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>n. Kuartzoa <a href="/wiki/Mohs_eskala" title="Mohs eskala">Mohs gogortasun-eskala</a>n 7 balioa hartzen duen minerala da. <a href="/wiki/Mohs_eskala" title="Mohs eskala">Mohs eskala</a> material baten gogortasuna zehazteko marratze-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metodo_kualitatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metodo kualitatibo (sortu gabe)">metodo kualitatibo</a>a da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izenaren_jatorria">Izenaren jatorria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenaren jatorria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izenaren jatorria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Kuartzo</i> hitza <a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">alemane</a>zko <i>Quarz</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hitzetik eratorria da. Horrez gain, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>ko <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialekto</a> bateko <i>kwardy</i> <a href="/wiki/Terminologia_lana" title="Terminologia lana">termino</a>an ere badu jatorria, <a href="/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera">txekiera</a>z 'gogorra' esan nahi duena.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beste teoria batek dio kuartzo hitza <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grekera</a>zko <i>kristallos</i> hitzetik datorrela eta, '<a href="/wiki/Izotz" title="Izotz">izotza</a>' esan nahi duena.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izan ere, antzinako grekoek uste zuten kuartzoa urtu ezin zen izotza zela. Gaur egun, <a href="/wiki/Haitz" title="Haitz">harkaitz</a>ezko <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a> terminoa kuartzo-formarik garbienetarako izen alternatibo bezala erabiltzen da batzuetan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kristal-habitua_eta_-egitura">Kristal-habitua eta -egitura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kristal-habitua eta -egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kristal-habitua eta -egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzoa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal_trigonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristal trigonal (sortu gabe)">kristal trigonal</a>eko sistemari dagokio. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal-forma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristal-forma (sortu gabe)">Kristal-forma</a> ideala sei aldeko <a href="/wiki/Prisma_(geometria)" title="Prisma (geometria)">prisma</a> da, mutur bakoitzean sei aldeko piramideekin amaitzen dena. Naturan, kuartzo-kristalak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maklatuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maklatuta (sortu gabe)">maklatuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distortsio" title="Distortsio">distortsionatuta</a>, edo kuartzozko edo beste mineral batzuetako alboko kristalekin gurutzatuta agertzen dira. </p><p>Ongi eratutako kristalak mugarik gabeko hazkundea duten guneetan eratzen dira; normalean, kristalak <a href="/wiki/Matrize" title="Matrize">matrize</a> bati lotuta daude beste muturrean, eta amaiera-piramide bat baino ez dago. Hala ere, bi bukaerako <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a>ak sortzen dira aske garatzen diren lekuan, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Igeltsu" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Igeltsu">igeltsu</a>an. Kristal horiek kuartzozko <a href="/wiki/Geoda" title="Geoda">geoda</a>ren barruko hutsunean daude, geruza bat osatzen. </p><p>Kuartzoa kristal trigonaleko sisteman kristaltzen da, P3<sub>1</sub>21 edo P3<sub>2</sub>21 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talde_espazial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talde espazial (sortu gabe)">talde espazial</a>etan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiraltasun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiraltasun (sortu gabe)">kiraltasun</a>aren arabera. Kuartzoak sistema hexagonala du, P6<sub>2</sub>22 eta P6<sub>4</sub>24 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talde_espazial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talde espazial (sortu gabe)">talde espazial</a>ek osatua.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> α kuartzoen eta β kuartzoen arteko eraldaketak tetraedroen arteko biraketa baino ez du eragiten, forma aldatu gabe </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%CE%91-Quartz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%CE%91-Quartz.svg/257px-%CE%91-Quartz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="257" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%CE%91-Quartz.svg/386px-%CE%91-Quartz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%CE%91-Quartz.svg/514px-%CE%91-Quartz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>α kuartzoaren kristal-egitura (bola gorriak oxigenoa dira eta bola grisak silizioa)</figcaption></figure> </th> <th><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%CE%92-Quartz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%CE%92-Quartz.svg/220px-%CE%92-Quartz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%CE%92-Quartz.svg/330px-%CE%92-Quartz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%CE%92-Quartz.svg/440px-%CE%92-Quartz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>β kuartzoa</figcaption></figure> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aldaerak">Aldaerak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aldaerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Aldaerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzoan hainbat aldaera bereiz daitezke, eta aldaerak hiru taldetan banatu dira: polimorfoak, mikroegituraren araberakoak eta kolorearen araberakoak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polimorfoak">Polimorfoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Polimorfoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Polimorfoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Polimorfismo_(kimika)" title="Polimorfismo (kimika)">Polimorfo</a>ak konposizio kimiko berdina baina egitura ezberdina duten <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>ak dira. Kuartzoaren <a href="/wiki/Polimorfismo_(kimika)" title="Polimorfismo (kimika)">polimorfo</a>ak hurrengoak dira: α kuartzoa (baxua), β kuartzoa, <a href="/wiki/Tridimita" title="Tridimita">tridimita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mog%C3%A1nita" title="Mogánita">moganita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristobalita" title="Kristobalita">kristobalita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coesita" class="mw-redirect" title="Coesita">coesita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stishovita" title="Stishovita">stishovita</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letxatelierita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letxatelierita (sortu gabe)">letxatelierita</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tridimita" title="Tridimita">Tridimita</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kristobalita" title="Kristobalita">kristobalita</a> tenperatura altuko SiO<sub>2</sub>-aren <a href="/wiki/Polimorfismo_(kimika)" title="Polimorfismo (kimika)">polimorfo</a>ak dira, <a href="/wiki/Silizio_dioxido" title="Silizio dioxido">silize</a> kantitate altuko <a href="/wiki/Arroka_bolkaniko" title="Arroka bolkaniko">harri bolkaniko</a>etan aurkitzen direnak. <a href="/wiki/Koesita" title="Koesita">Koesita</a>, SiO<sub>2</sub>-aren <a href="/wiki/Polimorfismo_(kimika)" title="Polimorfismo (kimika)">polimorfo</a> trinkoagoa da, <a href="/wiki/Meteorito" title="Meteorito">meteorito</a>en inpaktua gertatu den toki batzuetan eta <a href="/wiki/Lurrazal" title="Lurrazal">lurrazal</a>eko ohikoak direnak baino presio altuagoetan eratutako <a href="/wiki/Arroka_metamorfiko" title="Arroka metamorfiko">harri metamorfiko</a>etan azaltzen dena. <a href="/wiki/Stishovita" title="Stishovita">Stishovita</a> SiO<sub>2</sub>-aren <a href="/wiki/Polimorfismo_(kimika)" title="Polimorfismo (kimika)">polimorfo</a> bat da, are trinkoagoa eta presio handiagokoa, <a href="/wiki/Meteorito" title="Meteorito">meteorito</a>ek talka egiten duten toki batzuetan baino azaltzen ez dena. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letxatelierita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letxatelierita (sortu gabe)">Letxatelierita</a> <a href="/wiki/Silizio_dioxido" title="Silizio dioxido">silize</a> <a href="/wiki/Solido_amorfo" title="Solido amorfo">amorfo</a>ko SiO<sub>2</sub>-zko <a href="/wiki/Beira" title="Beira">beira</a> da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mikroegituraren_araberakoak">Mikroegituraren araberakoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mikroegituraren araberakoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mikroegituraren araberakoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzo-aldaeren izen asko historikoki <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>aren koloretik sortu ziren arren, gaur egungo izenen eskema zientifikoak nagusiki mineralaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroegitura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikroegitura (sortu gabe)">mikroegitura</a>n oinarritutakoak dira. Kolorea bigarren mailako identifikatzailea da mineral kriptokristalinoetarako, baina identifikatzaile nagusia da aldaera makrokristalinoetarako. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Kuartzo mota nagusiak </td></tr> <tr> <td>Motak </td> <td>Kolorea eta deskripzioa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gardentasun_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gardentasun (argipena)">Gardentasuna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agata" title="Agata">Agata</a> </td> <td>Kolore anitzeko bandak eta tolesak dituen kaltzedonia. </td> <td>Erditransluzidotik transluzidora. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">Ametista</a> </td> <td>More koloreko kuartzoa. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ametrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ametrina (sortu gabe)">Ametrina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">Amatista</a>ren eta <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrino</a>aren arteko nahasketa, bioleta/bioleta eta hori edo laranja/marroi ñabardurekin. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaltzedonia" title="Kaltzedonia">Kaltzedonia</a> </td> <td>Kuartzo kriptokristalino zuntsua, aldaera askotan agertzen dena. Terminoa <a href="/wiki/Mog%C3%A1nita" title="Mogánita">moganita</a>rekin hazitako kolore zuri edo argiko materialerako erabiltzen da sarri; bestela, izen zehatzagoak erabiltzen da. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">Zitrina</a> </td> <td>Laranja gorrixka edo marroi koloreetara gerturatzen den kuartzo horia, eta batzuetan hori berdexkakoa. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kornalina" title="Kornalina">Kornalina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaltzedonia" title="Kaltzedonia">Kaltzedonia</a> laranja gorrixka. </td> <td>Zeharrargia. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arroka-kristala </td> <td>Kolorgea. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_ketua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo ketua (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo ketua</a> </td> <td>Gris argitik ilunera doan kuartzoa, batzuetan tonu marroia duena. </td> <td>Zeharrargitik opakura. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumortierita" title="Dumortierita">Dumortierita kuartzoa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumortierita" title="Dumortierita">Dumortierita</a> kristal kopuru handiak ditu. </td> <td>Urdina. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_esnekara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo esnekara (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo esnekara</a> </td> <td>Zuria da, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diasterismoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diasterismoa (sortu gabe)">diasterismoa</a> erakuts dezake. </td> <td>Zeharrargitik opakura. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_arrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo arrosa (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo arrosa</a> </td> <td>Arrosa da, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diasterismoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diasterismoa (sortu gabe)">diasterismoa</a> erakuts dezake. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_distiratsua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo distiratsua (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo distiratsua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Errutilo" title="Errutilo">Errutilo</a>aren orratz formako inklusioak ditu . </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herkimer_diamantea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herkimer diamantea (sortu gabe)">Herkimer diamantea</a> </td> <td>Kolorgea. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaspea" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaspea">Jaspea</a> </td> <td>Kuartzo kriptokristalino opakua, normalean gorritik marroira doana, baina askotan beste kolore batzuk ere izan ohi ditu. </td> <td>Opakua. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigre-begia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigre-begia (sortu gabe)">Tigre-begia</a> </td> <td>Urre koloreko zuntzezko <a href="/wiki/Kaltzedonia" title="Kaltzedonia">kaltzedonia</a>. Marroi gorrixka edo urdinxka izan daiteke, eta chatoyancya erakusten du. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onix (sortu gabe)">Onix</a> </td> <td>Kolore anitzeko banda zuzenezko <a href="/wiki/Kaltzedonia" title="Kaltzedonia">kaltzedonia</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedernala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedernala (sortu gabe)">pedernala</a>. </td> <td>Erdizeharrargitik opakura. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasiolita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasiolita (sortu gabe)">Prasiolita</a> </td> <td>Menda berdea. </td> <td>Gardena. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venturina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venturina (sortu gabe)">Venturina</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abentureszentzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abentureszentzia (sortu gabe)">Abentureszentziaz</a> distiratzen duten inklusio txiki lerrokatuak (<a href="/wiki/Mika" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mika">mikak</a> normalean) dituen kuartzoa. </td> <td>Zeharrargitik opakura. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolorearen_araberakoak">Kolorearen araberakoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kolorearen araberakoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kolorearen araberakoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzo purua, tradizionalki kuartzo garbi deritzona, kolorgea eta gardena da. Ohiko kolore-aldaerak <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_arrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo arrosa (sortu gabe)">kuartzo arrosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatista</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_ketua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo ketua (sortu gabe)">kuartzo ketua</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esne_itxurako_kuartzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esne itxurako kuartzo (sortu gabe)">esne itxurako kuartzo</a> dira, beste batzuen artean.<sup id="cite_ref-#1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kolore-bereizketak <a href="/wiki/Orbital_molekularren_teoria" title="Orbital molekularren teoria">orbital molekularrak</a> aldatzen dituzten <a href="/wiki/Ezpurutasun" title="Ezpurutasun">ezpurutasun</a>en presentziaren ondorioz sortzen dira <a href="/wiki/Espektro_ikusgai" title="Espektro ikusgai">espektro ikusgaia</a>n, eta koloreak eragiten dituzten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trantsizio_elektroniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trantsizio elektroniko (sortu gabe)">trantsizio elektroniko</a> batzuk gertatzea eragiten dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amatista">Amatista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Amatista»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Amatista"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">Amatista</a> kuartzo-aldaera bat da, bioleta bizi distiratsu batetik hasi eta labanda tonu ilun edo opaku bateraino aldatzen dena. Munduko <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatista</a>rik handienak <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguai" title="Uruguai">Uruguai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a>n daude. Batzuetan, <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatista</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrino</a>a <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a> berean hazten dira. Hazkunde mota horri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ametrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ametrina (sortu gabe)">ametrina</a> deritzo. <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">Amatistak</a> sortzeko, <a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">burdina</a> behar da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuartzo_urdina">Kuartzo urdina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kuartzo urdina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kuartzo urdina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_urdina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo urdina (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo urdina</a>k magnesio-<a href="/wiki/Riebeckita" title="Riebeckita">riebeckita</a> haritsua edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crocidolita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crocidolita (sortu gabe)">crocidolita</a>-inklusioak ditu.<sup id="cite_ref-#2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dumortierita_kuartzoa">Dumortierita kuartzoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dumortierita kuartzoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Dumortierita kuartzoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzo zatien barruan <a href="/wiki/Dumortierita" title="Dumortierita">dumortierita</a> minerala sartzen denean, sarri, tonu urdina duten zeta itxurako orbanak sortzen dira, purpura eta gris kolorea igortzen duten tonuez gain. <a href="/wiki/Dumortierita" title="Dumortierita">Dumortierita</a> kuartzoak (batzuetan kuartzo urdin esaten zaiona), batzuetan, kolore argi eta iluneko gune kontrastagarriak erakusten ditu azalera osoan zehar<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kuartzo <a href="/wiki/Dumortierita" title="Dumortierita">dumorterita</a>ren forma batzuekiko interesa <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetan</a> agertu zen bereziki bildumatzeko moduko harri preziatu bezala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zitrina">Zitrina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zitrina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Zitrina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">Zitrina</a> kuartzo-aldaera bat da, burdina-ezpurutasunengatik hori zurbil eta marroi arteko kolorea duena. <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">Zitrina</a> <a href="/wiki/Natural" title="Natural">natural</a>ak arraroak dira; <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrina</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komertzial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komertzial (sortu gabe)">komertzial</a> gehienak termikoki tratatutako <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatistak</a> edo kuartzo ketuak dira. Hala ere, termikoki tratatutako <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatista</a> batek lerro txikiak izango ditu kristalean, <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrina</a> natural baten itxura uherra edo ketsua izan beharrean. Ia ezinezkoa da <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrina</a> moztua eta <a href="/wiki/Topazio" title="Topazio">topazio</a> horia begi-bistaz bereiztea, baina gogortasunean ezberdinak dira. <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> da <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrina</a>-ekoizle nagusia, eta haren ekoizpenaren zati handi bat <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sul (sortu gabe)">Sul</a> estatutik dator. Izena latinezko citrinaque hitzetik dator, <i>horia</i> esan nahi duena, eta, era berean, <i>zunda</i> hitzaren jatorria ere bada. Batzuetan, <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">zitrina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatista</a> elkarrekin aurki daitezke kristal berean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ametrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ametrina (sortu gabe)">ametrina</a> esaten zaiona.<sup id="cite_ref-#2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">Zitrinari</a> <i>merkatariaren harria</i> edo <i>diruaren harria</i> ere esaten zitzaion behinola, oparotasuna ekarriko zuela esaten baitzen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuartzo_esnekara">Kuartzo esnekara</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kuartzo esnekara»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kuartzo esnekara"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_esnekara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo esnekara (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo esnekara</a> edo esne itxurako kuartzoa kuartzo kristalinoaren aldaerarik ohikoena da. Kolore zuria kristalen eraketan harrapatutako <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Likido" title="Likido">likido</a> edo bien inklusio ñimiñoek eragiten dute.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrek aplikazio optikoetarako eta kalitatezko <a href="/wiki/Harribitxi" title="Harribitxi">harribitxi</a>etarako balio txikikoa izatea eragiten du.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuartzo_arrosa">Kuartzo arrosa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kuartzo arrosa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kuartzo arrosa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_arrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo arrosa (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo arrosa</a> arrosa eta gorri koloredun kuartzo mota da. Oro har, uste da haren kolorea <a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio">titanio</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">burdin</a>a- edo <a href="/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso">manganeso</a>-arrastoen ondorio dela. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_arrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo arrosa (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo arrosa</a> batzuek <a href="/wiki/Errutilo" title="Errutilo">errutilo</a>-orratz batzuk dituzte. Orratz horiek <a href="/wiki/Asterismo" title="Asterismo">asterismo</a> bat eragiten dute igorritako argian. </p><p>Gainera, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_arrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo arrosa (sortu gabe)">kuartzo arrosa</a> mota bitxi bat dago, kuartzo arrosa kristalinoa ere deritzona. Haren kolorea, ustez, <a href="/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato">fosfato</a>- edo <a href="/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio">aluminio</a>-arrastoek eragiten dute. Kristalen kolorea, itxuraz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotosentikor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotosentikor (sortu gabe)">fotosentikor</a>ra da, eta koloregabetu egin daiteke.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kuartzo_ketua">Kuartzo ketua</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kuartzo ketua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kuartzo ketua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo_ketua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuartzo ketua (sortu gabe)">Kuartzo ketua</a> gris zeharrargitsua den kuartzo mota da. Oso gardena izatetik ia opakua izatera alda daiteke. Batzuk beltzak ere izan daitezke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prasiolita">Prasiolita</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Prasiolita»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Prasiolita"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasiolita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasiolita (sortu gabe)">Prasiolita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bermarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bermarina (sortu gabe)">bermarina</a> ere esaten zaiona, kolore berdeko kuartzo-aldaera bat da. Naturan arraroa den minerala da; kuartzo berde gehiena termikoki tratatutako <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatista</a> izaten da.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Quartz_11.jpg/220px-Quartz_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Quartz_11.jpg/330px-Quartz_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Quartz_11.jpg/440px-Quartz_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Herkimer-diamantea</figcaption></figure> </th> <th><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg/220px-Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg/330px-Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg/440px-Pure_Quartz_at_Senckenberg_Natural_History_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Kristala</figcaption></figure> </th> <th><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg/220px-Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg/330px-Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg/440px-Ametrin_from_Bolivia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="1651" /></a><figcaption>Ametrine</figcaption></figure> </th> <th><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Amethyst_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Amethyst_3.jpg/220px-Amethyst_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Amethyst_3.jpg/330px-Amethyst_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Amethyst_3.jpg/440px-Amethyst_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Amatista</figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg/220px-Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg/330px-Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg/440px-Quartz-Magnesioriebeckite-118652.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Kuartzo urdina</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz-46809.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Quartz-46809.jpg/220px-Quartz-46809.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Quartz-46809.jpg/330px-Quartz-46809.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Quartz-46809.jpg/440px-Quartz-46809.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Kaltzedonia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz-159777.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Quartz-159777.jpg/220px-Quartz-159777.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Quartz-159777.jpg/330px-Quartz-159777.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Quartz-159777.jpg/440px-Quartz-159777.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Errutilo-kuartzoa</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz-159385.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Quartz-159385.jpg/220px-Quartz-159385.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Quartz-159385.jpg/330px-Quartz-159385.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Quartz-159385.jpg/440px-Quartz-159385.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Kuartzo arrosa</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quarzo,_variet%C3%A0_prase,_da_avissalos,_grecia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Quarzo%2C_variet%C3%A0_prase%2C_da_avissalos%2C_grecia.JPG/220px-Quarzo%2C_variet%C3%A0_prase%2C_da_avissalos%2C_grecia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Quarzo%2C_variet%C3%A0_prase%2C_da_avissalos%2C_grecia.JPG/330px-Quarzo%2C_variet%C3%A0_prase%2C_da_avissalos%2C_grecia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Quarzo%2C_variet%C3%A0_prase%2C_da_avissalos%2C_grecia.JPG/440px-Quarzo%2C_variet%C3%A0_prase%2C_da_avissalos%2C_grecia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption>Prasiolita</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Citrine_1_(Russie).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg/220px-Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg/330px-Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg/440px-Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Zitrina</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz-154679.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Quartz-154679.jpg/220px-Quartz-154679.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Quartz-154679.jpg/330px-Quartz-154679.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Quartz-154679.jpg/440px-Quartz-154679.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Kuartzo zetroa</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz-168661.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Quartz-168661.jpg/220px-Quartz-168661.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Quartz-168661.jpg/330px-Quartz-168661.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Quartz-168661.jpg/440px-Quartz-168661.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kuartzo ketua</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piezoelektrizitatea">Piezoelektrizitatea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Piezoelektrizitatea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Piezoelektrizitatea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzozko kristal-mota batzuek propietate piezoelektrikoak dituzte; <a href="/wiki/Potentzial_elektriko" title="Potentzial elektriko">potentzial elektriko</a> bat garatzen dute tentsio mekanikoa aplikatu ondoren.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kuartzozko erlojua, kuartzo <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>a erabiltzen duen gailu familiarra da. Kuartzoa tenperatura altuetan <a href="/wiki/Kristalizazio" title="Kristalizazio">kristaltzen</a> bada, β kuartzoa izango da, baina tenperaturak jaisten badira, berriz, α kuartzo bilakatzen da; horrela, <a href="/wiki/Piezoelektrizitate" title="Piezoelektrizitate">piezoelektrizitate</a>a galtzen du eta ezin daiteke kuartzo hori erabili erlojuak egiteko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mineral-hobiak">Mineral-hobiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mineral-hobiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Mineral-hobiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzoa aire zabaleko <a href="/wiki/Meategi" class="mw-redirect" title="Meategi">meategi</a>etatik ustiatzen da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral-hobi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral-hobi (sortu gabe)">Mineral-hobi</a>etan, gutxitan erabili ohi dituzte <a href="/wiki/Lehergai" title="Lehergai">lehergailuak</a> kuartzozko <a href="/wiki/Zain_(geologia)" title="Zain (geologia)">zain</a> sakonak ustiatzeko. Horren arrazoia da, kuartzoa bere gogortasunagatik ezaguna den arren, bat-batean tenperatura-aldaketa baten eraginpean jartzen bada, erraz eraldatzen dela, leherketa batean bezala.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Balio_ekonomikoa_eta_erabilgarritasuna">Balio ekonomikoa eta erabilgarritasuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Balio ekonomikoa eta erabilgarritasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Balio ekonomikoa eta erabilgarritasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzoa garrantzi ekonomiko handiko minerala da, erabilera asko baititu. Haren propietate <a href="/wiki/Piezoelektrizitate" title="Piezoelektrizitate">piezoelektriko</a>agatik erlojugintzan erabiltzen da zehaztasun handiko <a href="/wiki/Manometro" title="Manometro">manometro</a>ak egiteko edota uhinak egonkortzeko. <a href="/wiki/Beira" title="Beira">Beir</a>en, <a href="/wiki/Esmalte" title="Esmalte">esmalte</a>en eta <a href="/wiki/Portzelana" title="Portzelana">portzelan</a>en ekoizpenerako erabiltzen da, baita <a href="/wiki/Harribitxi" title="Harribitxi">harribitxi</a> bezala ere.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tratamendu_sintetikoak_eta_artifizialak">Tratamendu sintetikoak eta artifizialak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tratamendu sintetikoak eta artifizialak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Tratamendu sintetikoak eta artifizialak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Quartz_synthese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Quartz_synthese.jpg/220px-Quartz_synthese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Quartz_synthese.jpg/330px-Quartz_synthese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Quartz_synthese.jpg/440px-Quartz_synthese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Metodo hidrotermalaren bidez hazitako kuartzozko kristal sintetikoa, 19 cm inguruko luzera eta 127 gramoko pisua duena.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kuartzo-aldaera guztiak ez dira <a href="/wiki/Natural" title="Natural">natural</a>ak. Kuartzo gardeneko <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a> batzuk beroarekin edo <a href="/wiki/Gamma_erradiazio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma erradiazio">gamma-irradiazio</a>arekin trata daitezke, berez sortuko ez litzatekeen kolorea sortzeko. Tratamendu horiekiko sentikortasuna kuartzoa atera zen lekuaren araberakoa da. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasiolita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasiolita (sortu gabe)">Prasiolita</a>, oliba kolorekoa, tratamendu termikoaren bidez sortzen da; hala ere, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> Beherean ere aurkitu da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasiolita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasiolita (sortu gabe)">prasiolita</a> naturala. <a href="/wiki/Zitrino" title="Zitrino">Zitrina</a> modu naturalean ager daitekeen arren, askotan <a href="/wiki/Ametista" title="Ametista">amatistaren</a> edo kuartzo ketuaren tratamendu termikoen emaitza da. <a href="/wiki/Kornalina" title="Kornalina">Kornalinari</a> tratamendu termiko orokorra egiten zaio, kolore gehiago izan ditzan. </p><p>Kuartzo sintetikoa industrian erabiltzeko sortzen da. Monokristal handi eta paregabeak autoklabe batean sintetizatzen dira prozesu hidrotermalaren bidez. Gainera, beste kristal batzuk bezala, kuartzoa <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>ezko lurrinez estalita egon daiteke, eta, orduan, distira erakargarri bat edukitzen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuartzoa, materialik ohikoena da <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>ko <a href="/wiki/Indigena" title="Indigena">aborigen</a>en <a href="/wiki/Mitologia" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a>n. <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>ko hilerrietan ere aurkitzen da kuartzoa, <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a>n adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Newgrange" title="Newgrange">Newgrange</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Carrowmore" title="Carrowmore">Carrowmore</a> bezalako hileta-testuinguruetan. Kuartzorako irlandar hitza <i>grianchloch</i> da, 'Eguzki-harria' esan nahi duena. Kuartzoa <a href="/wiki/Historiaurrea" title="Historiaurrea">historiaurre</a>ko <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a>n ere erabili zen, baina baita beste herrialde askotan ere, harrizko tresnak egiteko; kuartzo zein harkaitz-kristala <a href="/wiki/Historiaurrea" title="Historiaurrea">historiaurre</a>ko herrien <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologia_litiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologia litiko (sortu gabe)">teknologia litiko</a>en bidez zizelkatuta ageri dira.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a>a, antzinatik, zizelkatzeko harririk preziatuena izan zen <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Asia" title="Ekialdeko Asia">Ekialdeko Asia</a>n eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerika_Aurrekolombino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerika Aurrekolombino (sortu gabe)">Amerika Aurrekolombino</a>an, baina <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>n eta <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Ertain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekialde Ertain">Ekialde Ertain</a>ean kuartzo-aldaera ezberdinak izan ziren ohikoenak harri gogorreko hainbat bitxi motatarako, grabatutako <a href="/wiki/Harribitxi" title="Harribitxi">harribitxi</a> eta kameo harribitxiak, harkaitz-kristalezko pitxerrak eta edalontzi bitxiak, adibidez. Tradizioz, XIX. mendearen erdialdera arte oso baloratuak izan ziren objektuak ekoizten jarraitu zuten, neurri handi batean, modatik pasa zen arte, <a href="/wiki/Bitxigintza" title="Bitxigintza">bitxigintza</a>n izan ezik. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plinio_Zaharra" title="Plinio Zaharra">Plinio Zaharra</a> naturalista erromatarrak, kuartzoa, ‘urezko izotza’ zela uste zuen, etengabe izoztua denbora luzearen ondoren.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrek zerikusia izan dezake kristal hitzarekin; izan ere, grezierazko <i>κρla</i> <i>σταλλος</i> hitzetik dator eta 'izotza' esan nahi du. Ideia hori babestu zuen esanez kuartzoa <a href="/wiki/Glaziar" title="Glaziar">glaziar</a>retatik gertu dagoela <a href="/wiki/Alpeak" title="Alpeak">Alpe</a>etan, baina ez <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendi_bolkaniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendi bolkaniko (sortu gabe)">mendi bolkaniko</a>etan, eta kuartzozko kristal handiak esferatan sortu zirela eskuak hozteko. Ideia horrek gutxienez XVII. mendera arte iraun zuen. <a href="/wiki/Plinio_Zaharra" title="Plinio Zaharra">Plinio Zaharra</a> kuartzoak argia <a href="/wiki/Espektro_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Espektro (argipena)">espektro</a> batean zatitzeko duen ahalmenaz jabetu zen. </p><p>XVII. mendean <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Steno" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Steno">Nicolas Steno</a>k kuartzoari buruz egindako ikerketen ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Kristalografia" title="Kristalografia">kristalografia</a> modernorako bidea erraztu zuen. Kuartzozko kristal baten tamaina edo forma edozein direlarik, haren prismen aurpegi luzeak beti 60 graduko angelu perfektua osatzen zuela ikusi zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kuartzoaren propietate <a href="/wiki/Piezoelektrizitate" title="Piezoelektrizitate">piezoelektriko</a>ak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Curie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Curie (sortu gabe)">Jacques</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a>k aurkitu zituzten 1880an.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Washington Pierce (sortu gabe)">George Washington Pierce</a>k kuartzozko <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a>ezko <a href="/wiki/Osziladore_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Osziladore (argipena)">osziladore</a>ak diseinatu eta patentatu zituen 1923an.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Marrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren Marrison (sortu gabe)">Warren Marrison</a>ek lehen kuartzozko erloju oszilatzailea sortu zuen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cady (sortu gabe)">Cady</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Washington Pierce (sortu gabe)">Pierce</a>ren lanean oinarrituta 1927an. </p><p>Kuartzoa sintetizatzeko ahaleginak XIX. mendearen erdialdean hasi ziren: zientzialariak <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>ak laborategi-balditzetan sortzen saiatu ziren, <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>ak naturan sortzen zireneko baldintzak imitatzeko. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Emil_von_Schafh%C3%A4utl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Emil von Schafhäutl (sortu gabe)">Karl Emil von Schafhäutl</a> geologo alemaniarra (1803-1890) kuartzoa sintetizatu zuen lehen pertsona izan zen, 1845ean kuartzo-kristal mikroskopikoak sortu zituenean. Hala ere, lehen ahalegin horietan sortutako kristalen kalitatea eta tamaina mugatu samarrak izan ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1930eko hamarkadan, industria elektronikoa geratu zen kuartzo-kristalen menpe. Kristal onargarrien iturri bakarra <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> izan zen, baina <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerra</a>n <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>en hornidurak eten ziren eta, beraz, hainbat nazio kuartzoa merkataritza-mailan sintetizatzen saiatu ziren. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Nacken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Nacken (sortu gabe)">Richard Nacken</a> mineralogista alemaniarrak (1884-1971) nolabaiteko arrakasta lortu zuen 1930 eta 1940ko hamarkadetan.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerra ostean, laborategi asko kuartzozko kristal handiak lantzen saiatu ziren. <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetako</a> Armadako Seinaleen Kidegoak Bell Laboratories eta Brush Development Company kontratatu zituzten kristalak sintetizatzeko, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Nacken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Nacken (sortu gabe)">Nacken</a>en ereduari jarraituz.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1948an Brush Development-ek 1,5 hazbeteko (3,8 cm) diametroa zuten kristalak garatu zituen, orain arteko handienak.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1950eko hamarkadan, sintesi hidrotermaleko teknikek kuartzo-kristal sintetikoak sortzen zituzten eskala industrialean, eta gaur egun industria elektroniko modernoan erabiltzen den ia kuartzo-kristal guztia sintetikoa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAndersonAnderson">Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511794827.018">«Coastal geomorphology»</a> <i>Geomorphology</i> (Cambridge University Press): 502–531. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-511-79482-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-511-79482-7">978-0-511-79482-7</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111446110-018">«Entomologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache»</a> <i>Geschichte der deutschen Sprache</i> (De Gruyter): 5–5. 1911-12-31 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3-11-144611-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3-11-144611-0">978-3-11-144611-0</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMeunier1992-12-15">Meunier, Jean Dominique.  (1992-12-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/4/6/1401">«Precipitation of minerals between detrital quartz and quartz overgrowths in sandstones»</a> <i>European Journal of Mineralogy</i> 4 (6): 1401–1406.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1127%2Fejm%2F4%2F6%2F1401">10.1127/ejm/4/6/1401</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0935-1221">0935-1221</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTomkeieff1942-03">Tomkeieff, S. I..  (1942-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1942.026.176.04">«On the origin of the name ‘quartz’»</a> <i>Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society</i> 26 (176): 172–178.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.1942.026.176.04">10.1180/minmag.1942.026.176.04</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0369-0148">0369-0148</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDonnay1954-04">Donnay, J. 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(1954-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/mem60-p135">«PART II.—DETERMINATIVE TABLES»</a> <i>Crystal Data: Classification of Substance by Space Groups and Their Identification from Cell Dimensions</i> (Geological Society of America): 135–596. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_6-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_6-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minerals.net/">«The Mineral and Gemstone Kingdom: Home»</a> <i>www.minerals.net</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_7-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_7-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/">«Mindat.org»</a> <i>www.mindat.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFOldershaw,_Cally.2003">Oldershaw, Cally..  (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51292154"><i>Firefly guide to gems. </i></a> Firefly Books <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/1-55297-814-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/1-55297-814-1">1-55297-814-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=51292154">51292154</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471743984.vse1776"><i>Citrine. </i></a> John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005-10-14 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-471-74398-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-471-74398-4">0-471-74398-4</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHurrell,_Karen.">Hurrell, Karen.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951158352"><i>Gemstones : a complete color reference for precious and semiprecious stones of the world. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-7858-3498-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-7858-3498-2">0-7858-3498-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=951158352">951158352</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_14426">«milky quartz»</a> <i>Dictionary of Gems and Gemology</i> (Springer Berlin Heidelberg): 572–572. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3-540-72795-8" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3-540-72795-8">978-3-540-72795-8</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBalitskaya2008-08">Balitskaya, O. 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(1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20026061">«Piezoelectric Crystal Resonators and Crystal Oscillators Applied to the Precision Calibration of Wavemeters»</a> <i>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</i> 59 (4): 81.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F20026061">10.2307/20026061</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0199-9818">0199-9818</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCarey2000-02">Carey, Charles W..  (2000-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302481"><i>Pierce, George Washington (1872-1956), physicist and inventor. </i></a> Oxford University Press <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-20354-0"><i>Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology. </i></a> 2013  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fc2009-0-20354-0">10.1016/c2009-0-20354-0</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHenry1976-05">Henry, J-Y..  (1976-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(76)90241-5">«Analyse thermique differentielle par couples thermoelectriques en synthese hydrothermal»</a> <i>Materials Research Bulletin</i> 11 (5): 573–576.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0025-5408%2876%2990241-5">10.1016/0025-5408(76)90241-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0025-5408">0025-5408</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHALE1948-04-16">HALE, D. R..  (1948-04-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.107.2781.393">«The Laboratory Growing of Quartz»</a> <i>Science</i> 107 (2781): 393–394.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.107.2781.393">10.1126/science.107.2781.393</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(73)92406-8">«544. Apparatus for growing semiconductor single crystals in a magnetic field. (USSR)»</a> <i>Vacuum</i> 23 (8): 303. 1973-08  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0042-207x%2873%2992406-8">10.1016/0042-207x(73)92406-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0042-207X">0042-207X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-11-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuartzo&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span 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