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<ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intracranial_branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intracranial_branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Intracranial branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intracranial_branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extracranial_branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extracranial_branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Extracranial branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extracranial_branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nucleus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nucleus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Nucleus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nucleus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Facial_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facial_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Facial expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facial_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facial_sensation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facial_sensation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Facial sensation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facial_sensation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functional_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functional_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Functional components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functional_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palsy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palsy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Palsy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palsy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Examination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Facial nerve</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A" title="عصب وجهي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصب وجهي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz_siniri" title="Üz siniri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üz siniri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerv_lica" title="Nerv lica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nerv lica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi_facial" title="Nervi facial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nervi facial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADcn%C3%AD_nerv" title="Lícní nerv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lícní nerv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_facialis" title="Nervus facialis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nervus facialis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4on%C3%A4rv" title="Näonärv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Näonärv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Προσωπικό νεύρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προσωπικό νεύρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_facial" title="Nervio facial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nervio facial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurpegi-nerbio" title="Aurpegi-nerbio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aurpegi-nerbio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="عصب چهره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصب چهره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerf_facial" title="Nerf facial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nerf facial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_facial" title="Nervio facial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nervio facial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%BC%EA%B5%B4%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="얼굴신경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="얼굴신경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Դիմային նյարդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դիմային նյարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="आनन तंत्रिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आनन तंत्रिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf_fasialis" title="Saraf fasialis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saraf fasialis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_facciale" title="Nervo facciale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nervo facciale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עצב הפנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצב הפנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_facialis" title="Nervus facialis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nervus facialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veidinis_nervas" title="Veidinis nervas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Veidinis nervas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcideg" title="Arcideg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arcideg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Лицев живец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лицев живец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_facialis" title="Nervus facialis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nervus facialis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%94%E9%9D%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C" title="顔面神経 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="顔面神経" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_facialis" title="Nervus facialis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nervus facialis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuz_nervi" title="Yuz nervi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yuz nervi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerw_twarzowy" title="Nerw twarzowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nerw twarzowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_facial" title="Nervo facial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nervo facial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerv_facial" title="Nerv facial – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nerv facial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Лицевой нерв – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лицевой нерв" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Живац лица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живац лица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivac_lica" title="Živac lica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Živac lica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvohermo" title="Kasvohermo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvohermo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiktsnerven" title="Ansiktsnerven – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ansiktsnerven" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="ముఖనాడి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముఖనాడి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5" title="เส้นประสาทเฟเชียล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เส้นประสาทเฟเชียล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasiyal_sinir" title="Fasiyal sinir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fasiyal sinir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cranial nerve VII, for the face and tasting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with other nerves that innervate the face, such as the <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">trigeminal nerve</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Facial nerve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranial_nerve_VII.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg/300px-Cranial_nerve_VII.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg/450px-Cranial_nerve_VII.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg/600px-Cranial_nerve_VII.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="532" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The course of the facial nerve is shown here</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray790.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray790.png/300px-Gray790.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray790.png/450px-Gray790.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray790.png/600px-Gray790.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="726" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">From</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Facial nerve nucleus">Facial nerve nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">intermediate nerve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">To</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">Greater superficial petrosal nerve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Innervates</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Motor:</i> <a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_facial_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscles of facial expression">Muscles of facial expression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digastric_muscle#posterior_belly" title="Digastric muscle">posterior belly of digastric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Stylohyoid">stylohyoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stapedius_muscle" title="Stapedius muscle">stapedius</a><br /><i>Special sensory:</i> <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a> to anterior two-thirds of <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a><br /><i>Parasympathetic:</i> <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">submandibular gland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">sublingual gland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacrimal glands">lacrimal glands</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervus facialis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005154">D005154</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=551">551</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.099%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.01.099</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6284">6284</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma50868">50868</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242160" class="extiw" title="d:Q242160">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; width:auto; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Cranial nerves</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li>CN 0 – <a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a></li> <li>CN I – <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a></li> <li>CN II – <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a></li> <li>CN III – <a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve" title="Oculomotor nerve">Oculomotor</a></li> <li>CN IV – <a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a></li> <li>CN V – <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a></li> <li>CN VI – <a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a></li> <li>CN VII – <a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Facial</a></li> <li>CN VIII – <a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a></li> <li>CN IX – <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a></li> <li>CN X – <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">Vagus</a></li> <li>CN XI – <a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a></li> <li>CN XII – <a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Overview</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_cranial_nerves" title="Table of cranial nerves">Table</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Template:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>facial nerve</b>, also known as the <b>seventh cranial nerve</b>, <b>cranial nerve VII</b>, or simply <b>CN VII</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve">cranial nerve</a> that emerges from the <a href="/wiki/Pons" title="Pons">pons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a>, controls the <a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_facial_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscles of facial expression">muscles of facial expression</a>, and functions in the conveyance of <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a> sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nerve typically travels from the pons through the <a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a> and exits the skull at the <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid foramen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It arises from the brainstem from an area posterior to the <a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">cranial nerve VI</a> (abducens nerve) and anterior to <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve 8">cranial nerve VIII</a> (vestibulocochlear nerve). </p><p>The facial nerve also supplies preganglionic <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic">parasympathetic</a> fibers to several head and neck <a href="/wiki/Ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganglia">ganglia</a>. </p><p>The facial and <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">intermediate nerves</a> can be collectively referred to as the <b>nervus intermediofacialis.</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">Structure</span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The path of the facial nerve can be divided into six segments: </p> <ol><li>intracranial (cisternal) segment (from brainstem pons to internal auditory canal)</li> <li>meatal (canalicular) segment (within the internal auditory canal)</li> <li>labyrinthine segment (internal auditory canal to geniculate ganglion)</li> <li>tympanic (or horizontal) segment (from <a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">geniculate ganglion</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_eminence" title="Pyramidal eminence">pyramidal eminence</a>)</li> <li>mastoid (or vertical) segment (from pyramidal eminence to stylomastoid foramen)</li> <li>extratemporal segment (from stylomastoid foramen to post parotid branches)</li></ol> <p>The motor part of the facial nerve arises from the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Facial nerve nucleus">facial nerve nucleus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pons" title="Pons">pons</a>, while the sensory and parasympathetic parts of the facial nerve arise from the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">intermediate nerve</a>. </p><p>From the brain stem, the motor and sensory parts of the facial nerve join and traverse the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_cranial_fossa" title="Posterior cranial fossa">posterior cranial fossa</a> before entering the <a href="/wiki/Petrous_temporal_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrous temporal bone">petrous temporal bone</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Internal_auditory_meatus" title="Internal auditory meatus">internal auditory meatus</a>. Upon exiting the internal auditory meatus, the nerve then runs a tortuous course through the <a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a>, which is divided into the labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid segments. </p><p>The labyrinthine segment is the shortest and narrowest segment of the facial nerve and ends where the facial nerve forms a bend known as the geniculum of the facial nerve (<i>genu</i> meaning knee), which contains the <a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">geniculate ganglion</a> for sensory nerve bodies. The first branch of the facial nerve, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">greater petrosal nerve</a>, arises here from the geniculate ganglion. The greater petrosal nerve runs through the <a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_canal" title="Pterygoid canal">pterygoid canal</a> and synapses at the <a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">pterygopalatine ganglion</a>. Postsynaptic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve innervate the <a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_gland" title="Lacrimal gland">lacrimal gland</a>. </p><p>In the tympanic segment, the facial nerve runs through the <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_cavity" title="Tympanic cavity">tympanic cavity</a>, medial to the <a href="/wiki/Incus" title="Incus">incus</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_eminence" title="Pyramidal eminence">pyramidal eminence</a> is the second bend in the facial nerve, where the nerve runs downward as the mastoid segment, the longest segment of the facial nerve. In the temporal part of the facial canal, the nerve gives branch to the <a href="/wiki/Stapedius_muscle" title="Stapedius muscle">stapedius muscle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">chorda tympani</a>. The chorda tympani supplies taste fibers to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, and also synapses with the <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a>. Postsynaptic fibers from the submandibular ganglion supply the <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">sublingual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">submandibular glands</a>. </p><p>Upon emerging from the <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid foramen</a>, the facial nerve gives rise to the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_auricular_branch_of_facial" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior auricular branch of facial">posterior auricular branch</a>. It then gives rise to the branch to the posterior belly of the digastric, and then the branch to the stylohyoid. The facial nerve then passes through the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a>, which it does not innervate, to form the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_plexus" title="Parotid plexus">parotid plexus</a>. The nerve then bifurcates at the <a href="/wiki/Pes_anserinus_(facial_nerve)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pes anserinus (facial nerve)">pes anserinus</a> to become the upper and lower divisions of the facial nerve.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then splits into five branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical), innervating the <a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_facial_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscles of facial expression">muscles of facial expression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intracranial_branches">Intracranial branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Intracranial branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">greater petrosal nerve</a> arises at the <a href="/wiki/Superior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivatory nucleus">superior salivatory nucleus</a> of the pons and provides parasympathetic innervation to several glands, including the <a href="/wiki/Nasal_glands" title="Nasal glands">nasal glands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_glands" title="Palatine glands">palatine glands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_gland" title="Lacrimal gland">lacrimal gland</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharyngeal_gland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharyngeal gland (page does not exist)">pharyngeal gland</a>. It also provides parasympathetic innervation to the <a href="/wiki/Sphenoid_sinus" title="Sphenoid sinus">sphenoid sinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frontal_sinus" title="Frontal sinus">frontal sinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxillary_sinus" title="Maxillary sinus">maxillary sinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_sinus" title="Ethmoid sinus">ethmoid sinus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">nasal cavity</a>. This nerve also includes taste fibers for the <a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">palate</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_palatine_nerve" title="Lesser palatine nerve">lesser palatine nerve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_palatine_nerve" title="Greater palatine nerve">greater palatine nerve</a>. </p><p>The communicating branch to the <a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a> arises at the <a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">geniculate ganglion</a> and joins the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Lesser petrosal nerve">lesser petrosal nerve</a> to reach the otic ganglion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nerve_to_stapedius" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve to stapedius">nerve to stapedius</a> provides motor innervation for the <a href="/wiki/Stapedius_muscle" title="Stapedius muscle">stapedius muscle</a> in middle ear </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">chorda tympani</a> provides parasympathetic innervation to the sublingual and submandibular glands, as well as special sensory taste fibers for the anterior two thirds of the tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extracranial_branches">Extracranial branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Extracranial branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Distal to <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid foramen</a>, the following nerves branch off the facial nerve: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_auricular_nerve" title="Posterior auricular nerve">Posterior auricular nerve</a> which controls movements of some of the scalp muscles around the ear</li> <li>Branch to posterior belly of <a href="/wiki/Digastric_muscle" title="Digastric muscle">digastric muscle</a></li> <li>Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_muscle" title="Stylohyoid muscle">stylohyoid muscle</a></li> <li>Five major facial branches (at <a href="/wiki/Parotid_plexus" title="Parotid plexus">parotid plexus</a>) – from superior to inferior: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal branch of the facial nerve">Temporal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve">Zygomatic branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Buccal branch of the facial nerve">Buccal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve">Marginal mandibular branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">Cervical branch</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Intra operatively the facial nerve is recognized at 3 constant landmarks:</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ol><li>At the tip of <a href="/wiki/Tragus_(ear)" title="Tragus (ear)">tragus</a> where the nerve is 1 cm deep and inferior<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At the posterior belly of digastric by tracing this backwards to the tympanic plate, the nerve can be found between these two structures</li> <li>By locating the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_facial_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior facial vein">posterior facial vein</a> at the inferior aspect of the gland where the marginal branch would be seen crossing it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_semicircular_canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral semicircular canal">Lateral semicircular canal</a></li> <li>Foot of incus</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nucleus">Nucleus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nucleus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cell_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell bodies">cell bodies</a> for the facial nerve are grouped in anatomical areas called <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)" title="Nucleus (neuroanatomy)">nuclei</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion">ganglia</a>. The cell bodies for the afferent nerves are found in the <a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">geniculate ganglion</a> for taste sensation. The cell bodies for muscular efferent nerves are found in the <a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">facial motor nucleus</a> whereas the cell bodies for the parasympathetic efferent nerves are found in the <a href="/wiki/Superior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivatory nucleus">superior salivatory nucleus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The facial nerve is developmentally derived from the second <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_arch" title="Pharyngeal arch">pharyngeal arch</a>, or branchial arch. The second arch is called the hyoid arch because it contributes to the formation of the lesser horn and upper body of the <a href="/wiki/Hyoid_bone" title="Hyoid bone">hyoid bone</a> (the rest of the hyoid is formed by the third arch). The facial nerve supplies motor and sensory innervation to the muscles formed by the second pharyngeal arch, including the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, and stapedius. The motor division of the facial nerve is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Basal_plate_(neural_tube)" title="Basal plate (neural tube)">basal plate</a> of the embryonic pons, while the sensory division originates from the <a href="/wiki/Cranial_neural_crest" title="Cranial neural crest">cranial neural crest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the anterior two thirds of the tongue are derived from the first pharyngeal arch, which gives rise to the trigeminal nerve, not all innervation of the tongue is supplied by it. The lingual branch of the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandibular division">mandibular division</a> (V3) of the <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">trigeminal nerve</a> supplies non-taste sensation (pressure, heat, texture) to the anterior part of the tongue via <a href="/wiki/General_somatic_afferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic afferent fibers">general somatic afferent fibers</a>. Nerve fibers for taste are supplied by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve via <a href="/wiki/Special_visceral_afferent" class="mw-redirect" title="Special visceral afferent">special visceral afferent</a> fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facial_expression">Facial expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Facial expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main function of the facial nerve is motor control of all the <a href="/wiki/Facial_muscles" title="Facial muscles">muscles of facial expression</a>. It also innervates the posterior belly of the <a href="/wiki/Digastric_muscle" title="Digastric muscle">digastric muscle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_muscle" title="Stylohyoid muscle">stylohyoid muscle</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Stapedius_muscle" title="Stapedius muscle">stapedius muscle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_ear" title="Middle ear">middle ear</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal muscles</a> are developed from the <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_arch#Second_arch" title="Pharyngeal arch">second pharyngeal arch</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facial_sensation">Facial sensation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Facial sensation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, the facial nerve receives <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a> sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">chorda tympani</a>. Taste sensation is sent to the gustatory portion (superior part) of the <a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">solitary nucleus</a>. General sensation from the anterior two-thirds of tongue are supplied by afferent fibers of the third division of the fifth cranial nerve (<a href="/wiki/CN_V" class="mw-redirect" title="CN V">CN V</a>-3). These sensory (<a href="/wiki/CN_V3" class="mw-redirect" title="CN V3">CN V3</a>) and taste (VII) fibers travel together as the lingual nerve briefly before the chorda tympani leaves the lingual nerve to enter the tympanic cavity (middle ear) via the petrotympanic fissure. It joins the rest of the facial nerve via the canaliculus for chorda tympani. The facial nerve then forms the <a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">geniculate ganglion</a>, which contains the cell bodies of the taste fibers of chorda tympani and other taste and sensory pathways. From the geniculate ganglion, the taste fibers continue as the intermediate nerve which goes to the upper anterior quadrant of the fundus of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_acoustic_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal acoustic meatus">internal acoustic meatus</a> along with the motor root of the facial nerve. The intermediate nerve reaches the posterior cranial fossa via the internal acoustic meatus before synapsing in the <a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">solitary nucleus</a>. </p><p>The facial nerve also supplies a small amount of afferent innervation to the <a href="/wiki/Oropharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oropharynx">oropharynx</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_tonsil" title="Palatine tonsil">palatine tonsil</a>. There is also a small amount of cutaneous sensation carried by the <a href="/wiki/Nervus_intermedius" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervus intermedius">nervus intermedius</a> from the skin in and around the <a href="/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinna (anatomy)">auricle</a> (outer ear). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The facial nerve also supplies <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic</a> fibers to the <a href="/wiki/Submandibular_gland" title="Submandibular gland">submandibular gland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_gland" title="Sublingual gland">sublingual glands</a> via <a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">chorda tympani</a>. Parasympathetic innervation serves to increase the flow of saliva from these glands. It also supplies parasympathetic innervation to the nasal mucosa and the <a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_gland" title="Lacrimal gland">lacrimal gland</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">pterygopalatine ganglion</a>. The parasympathetic fibers that travel in the facial nerve originate in the <a href="/wiki/Superior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivatory nucleus">superior salivatory nucleus</a>. </p><p>The facial nerve also functions as the efferent limb of the <a href="/wiki/Corneal_reflex" title="Corneal reflex">corneal reflex</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functional_components">Functional components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Functional components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The facial nerve carries axons of type GSA, <a href="/wiki/General_somatic_afferent" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic afferent">general somatic afferent</a>, to skin of the posterior ear. </p><p>The facial nerve also carries axons of type GVE, <a href="/wiki/General_visceral_efferent" class="mw-redirect" title="General visceral efferent">general visceral efferent</a>, which innervate the sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands, also mucosa of nasal cavity. </p><p>Axons of type SVE, <a href="/wiki/Special_visceral_efferent" class="mw-redirect" title="Special visceral efferent">special visceral efferent</a>, innervate muscles of facial expression, stapedius, the posterior belly of digastric, and the stylohyoid. </p><p>The axons of type SVA, <a href="/wiki/Special_visceral_afferent" class="mw-redirect" title="Special visceral afferent">special visceral afferent</a>, provide taste to the anterior two-thirds of tongue via <a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">chorda tympani</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palsy">Palsy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Palsy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy" title="Bell's palsy">Bell's palsy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acute_facial_nerve_paralysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute facial nerve paralysis">acute facial nerve paralysis</a></div> <p>People may suffer from <a href="/wiki/Acute_facial_nerve_paralysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute facial nerve paralysis">acute facial nerve paralysis</a>, which is usually manifested by facial paralysis.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy" title="Bell's palsy">Bell's palsy</a> is one type of <a href="/wiki/Idiopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiopathic">idiopathic</a> acute facial nerve paralysis, which is more accurately described as a multiple cranial nerve ganglionitis that involves the facial nerve, and most likely results from viral infection and also sometimes as a result of <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a>. Iatrogenic Bell's palsy may also be as a result of an incorrectly placed dental local-anesthetic (<a href="/wiki/Inferior_alveolar_nerve_anaesthesia" title="Inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia">inferior alveolar nerve block</a>). Although giving the appearance of a hemiplegic stroke, effects dissipate with the drug. When the facial nerve is permanently damaged due to a birth defect, trauma, or other disorder, surgery including a cross facial nerve graft or masseteric facial nerve transfer may be performed to help regain facial movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve_decompression" title="Facial nerve decompression">Facial nerve decompression</a> surgery is also sometimes carried out in certain cases of facial nerve compression. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examination">Examination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Examination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voluntary facial movements, such as wrinkling the brow, showing teeth, frowning, closing the eyes tightly (inability to do so is called <a href="/wiki/Lagophthalmos" title="Lagophthalmos">lagophthalmos</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Lindgren_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindgren-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pursing the lips and puffing out the cheeks, all test the facial nerve. There should be no noticeable asymmetry. </p><p>In an <a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron" title="Upper motor neuron">upper motor neuron</a> lesion, called <a href="/wiki/Central_seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Central seven">central seven</a>, only the lower part of the face on the contralateral side will be affected, due to the bilateral control to the upper facial muscles (<a href="/wiki/Frontalis_muscle" title="Frontalis muscle">frontalis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle" title="Orbicularis oculi muscle">orbicularis oculi</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron" title="Lower motor neuron">Lower motor neuron</a> lesions can result in a CN VII palsy (Bell's palsy is the idiopathic form of facial nerve palsy), manifested as both upper and lower facial weakness on the same side of the lesion. </p><p>Taste can be tested on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. This can be tested with a swab dipped in a flavored solution, or with electronic stimulation (similar to putting your tongue on a battery). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Corneal_reflex" title="Corneal reflex">Corneal reflex</a>. The afferent arc is mediated by the general sensory afferents of the trigeminal nerve. The efferent arc occurs via the facial nerve. The reflex involves consensual blinking of both eyes in response to stimulation of one eye. This is due to the facial nerves' innervation of the muscles of facial expression, namely orbicularis oculi, responsible for blinking. Thus, the corneal reflex effectively tests the proper functioning of both cranial nerves V and VII. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled."><img alt="Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/101px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/151px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/201px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray781.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve."><img alt="Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray781.png/120px-Gray781.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray781.png/180px-Gray781.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray781.png/240px-Gray781.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray788.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves."><img alt="Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/120px-Gray788.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/180px-Gray788.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray788.png/240px-Gray788.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray789.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone."><img alt="The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/120px-Gray789.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/180px-Gray789.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gray789.png/240px-Gray789.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The course and connections of the facial nerve in the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray792.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ."><img alt="Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gray792.png/115px-Gray792.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gray792.png/173px-Gray792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gray792.png/231px-Gray792.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1209.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Left temporal bone showing surface markings for the tympanic antrum (red), transverse sinus (blue), and facial nerve (yellow)."><img alt="Left temporal bone showing surface markings for the tympanic antrum (red), transverse sinus (blue), and facial nerve (yellow)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1209.png/120px-Gray1209.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1209.png/180px-Gray1209.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1209.png/240px-Gray1209.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Left temporal bone showing surface markings for the tympanic antrum (red), transverse sinus (blue), and facial nerve (yellow).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Head facial nerve branches"><img alt="Head facial nerve branches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg/120px-Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg/180px-Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg/240px-Head_facial_nerve_branches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="973" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Head facial nerve branches</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2umr.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Facial nerve. Deep dissection."><img alt="Facial nerve. Deep dissection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Slide2umr.JPG/120px-Slide2umr.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Slide2umr.JPG/180px-Slide2umr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Slide2umr.JPG/240px-Slide2umr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Facial nerve. Deep dissection.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_mnemonics#Anatomy" title="List of medical mnemonics">List of medical mnemonics#Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anatomy_mnemonics#Cranial_nerves" title="List of anatomy mnemonics">List of anatomy mnemonics#Cranial nerves</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/901/mode/2up">page 901</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/facial-nerve/">"The Facial Nerve (CN VII)"</a>. <i>TeachMeAnatomy</i>. 2013-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Assessment+and+management+of+facial+nerve+palsy&rft.volume=351&rft.pages=h3725&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206906594%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26378061&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.h3725&rft.aulast=Masterson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Vallis%2C+M&rft.au=Quinlivan%2C+R&rft.au=Prinsley%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFacial+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindgren-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lindgren_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kliniska Färdigheter: Informationsutbytet Mellan Patient Och Läkare, LINDGREN, STEFAN, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-44-37271-X" title="Special:BookSources/91-44-37271-X">91-44-37271-X</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facial_nerve&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_cranial_nerves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_cranial_nerves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">cranial nerves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a> (CN 0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septal_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Septal nuclei">septal nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a> (CN I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_olfactory_nucleus" title="Anterior olfactory nucleus">anterior olfactory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_tract" title="Olfactory tract">olfactory tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a> (CN II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus" title="Lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_chiasm" title="Optic chiasm">optic chiasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_tract" title="Optic tract">optic tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve" title="Oculomotor nerve">Oculomotor</a> (CN III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">oculomotor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinger%E2%80%93Westphal_nucleus" title="Edinger–Westphal nucleus">Edinger–Westphal nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior branch of oculomotor nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_root_of_ciliary_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion">parasympathetic root</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a> (CN IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nucleus" title="Trochlear nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a> (CN V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve">PSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus" title="Spinal trigeminal nucleus">spinal trigeminal nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_motor_nucleus" title="Trigeminal motor nucleus">TMN</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_ganglion" title="Trigeminal ganglion">trigeminal ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_nerve" title="Ophthalmic nerve">ophthalmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_nerve" title="Maxillary nerve">maxillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a> (CN VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nucleus" title="Abducens nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Facial</a> (CN VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">Intermediate nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">Geniculate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inside<br /><a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">Greater petrosal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">pterygopalatine ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_to_the_stapedius" title="Nerve to the stapedius">Nerve to the stapedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">Chorda tympani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_nerve" title="Lingual nerve">lingual nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">At <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid<br />foramen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_auricular_nerve" title="Posterior auricular nerve">Posterior auricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles" title="Suprahyoid muscles">Suprahyoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digastric_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Digastric branch of facial nerve">digastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve">stylohyoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_plexus" title="Parotid plexus">Parotid plexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Temporal branches of the facial nerve">temporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve">zygomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Buccal branch of the facial nerve">buccal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch_of_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve">mandibular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">cervical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">Facial motor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_salivary_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivary nucleus">Superior salivary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a> (CN VIII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">vestibular nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochlear nuclei">cochlear nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nerve" title="Cochlear nerve">Cochlear nerve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striae_medullares" class="mw-redirect" title="Striae medullares">striae medullares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">lateral lemniscus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nerve" title="Vestibular nerve">Vestibular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scarpa%27s_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarpa's ganglion">Scarpa's ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a> (CN IX)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_nerve" title="Tympanic nerve">Tympanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_plexus" title="Tympanic plexus">tympanic plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Lesser petrosal nerve">lesser petrosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylopharyngeal_branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve">Stylopharyngeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Pharyngeal branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsillar_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Tonsillar branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Lingual branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve_to_carotid_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to carotid sinus">Carotid sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior salivatory nucleus">Inferior salivatory nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">Vagus</a> (CN X)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of vagus nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meningeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Meningeal branch of vagus nerve">Meningeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">Auricular branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve">Pharyngeal branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve">pharyngeal plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve" title="Superior laryngeal nerve">Superior laryngeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="External laryngeal nerve">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal laryngeal nerve">internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">Recurrent laryngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_cardiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve">Superior cervical cardiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cardiac_branches_of_the_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior cardiac branches of the vagus nerve">Inferior cardiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pulmonary branches of vagus nerve">Pulmonary</a></li> <li>Vagal trunks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior vagal trunk">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior vagal trunk">posterior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Celiac branches of vagus nerve">Celiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Renal branches of vagus nerve">Renal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk">Hepatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_gastric_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk">Anterior gastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_gastric_branches_of_posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk">Posterior gastric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve">Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a> (CN XI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_accessory_nucleus" title="Spinal accessory nucleus">spinal accessory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_root_of_accessory_nerves" title="Cranial root of accessory nerves">Cranial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve" title="Spinal root of accessory nerve">Spinal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a> (CN XII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nucleus" title="Hypoglossal nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_hypoglossal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve">lingual</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lícní nerv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph223716&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000343062&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565340305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" 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