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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Superior_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superior_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Superior branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superior_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inferior_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inferior_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Inferior branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inferior_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Nuclei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Examination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eye_muscles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eye_muscles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Eye muscles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eye_muscles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pupillary_reflex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pupillary_reflex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Pupillary reflex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pupillary_reflex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oculomotor nerve</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86" title="عصب محرك للعين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصب محرك للعين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6z%C3%BCn_h%C9%99r%C9%99ki_siniri" title="Gözün hərəki siniri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gözün hərəki siniri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Вокарухальны нерв – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вокарухальны нерв" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi_motor_ocular_com%C3%BA" title="Nervi motor ocular comú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nervi motor ocular comú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okohybn%C3%BD_nerv" title="Okohybný nerv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okohybný nerv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_oculomotorius" title="Nervus oculomotorius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nervus oculomotorius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_oculomotorius" title="Nervus oculomotorius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nervus oculomotorius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmaliigutajan%C3%A4rv" title="Silmaliigutajanärv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Silmaliigutajanärv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Κοινό κινητικό νεύρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινό κινητικό νεύρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_oculomotor" title="Nervio oculomotor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nervio oculomotor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_oculomotorius" title="Nervus oculomotorius – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nervus oculomotorius" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begiko_nerbio_motor_komun" title="Begiko nerbio motor komun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Begiko nerbio motor komun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C" title="عصب حرکتی چشمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصب حرکتی چشمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerf_oculomoteur" title="Nerf oculomoteur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nerf oculomoteur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_oculomotor" title="Nervio oculomotor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nervio oculomotor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%88%EB%8F%8C%EB%A6%BC_%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="눈돌림 신경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="눈돌림 신경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Ակնաշարժ նյարդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ակնաշարժ նյարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okulomotorni_%C5%BEivac" title="Okulomotorni živac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Okulomotorni živac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf_okulomotor" title="Saraf okulomotor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saraf okulomotor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_oculomotore" title="Nervo oculomotore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nervo oculomotore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="העצב מניע העיניים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העצב מניע העיניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_oculomotorius" title="Nervus oculomotorius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nervus oculomotorius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judinamasis_akies_nervas" title="Judinamasis akies nervas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Judinamasis akies nervas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6z%C3%B6s_szemmozgat%C3%B3_ideg" title="Közös szemmozgató ideg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közös szemmozgató ideg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Очнодвигателен живец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Очнодвигателен живец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_oculomotorius" title="Nervus oculomotorius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nervus oculomotorius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C" title="動眼神経 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="動眼神経" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_oculomotorius" title="Nervus oculomotorius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nervus oculomotorius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okulomotor_nerv" title="Okulomotor nerv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Okulomotor nerv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerw_okoruchowy" title="Nerw okoruchowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nerw okoruchowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_oculomotor" title="Nervo oculomotor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nervo oculomotor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerv_oculomotor" title="Nerv oculomotor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nerv oculomotor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Глазодвигательный нерв – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глазодвигательный нерв" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okulomotori%C4%8Dni_%C5%BEivec" title="Okulomotorični živec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Okulomotorični živec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Живац покретач ока – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живац покретач ока" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivac_pokreta%C4%8D_oka" title="Živac pokretač oka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Živac pokretač oka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silm%C3%A4n_liikehermo" title="Silmän liikehermo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silmän liikehermo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96gonmuskelnerven" title="Ögonmuskelnerven – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ögonmuskelnerven" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Күз йөртүче нерв – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күз йөртүче нерв" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เส้นประสาทกล้ามเนื้อตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เส้นประสาทกล้ามเนื้อตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%C3%BClomotor_sinir" title="Okülomotor sinir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Okülomotor sinir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cranial nerve III, for eye movements</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Oculomotor nerve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray776.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gray776.png/250px-Gray776.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="460" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png 1.5x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/250px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/375px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/500px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="505" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">From</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">Oculomotor nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinger-Westphal_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinger-Westphal nucleus">Edinger-Westphal nucleus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">To</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior branch of oculomotor nerve">Superior branch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve">inferior branch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Innervates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_rectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior rectus">Superior rectus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_rectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior rectus">inferior rectus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medial_rectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial rectus">medial rectus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_oblique" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior oblique">inferior oblique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levator_palpebrae_superioris_muscle" title="Levator palpebrae superioris muscle">levator palpebrae superioris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sphincter_pupillae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphincter pupillae">sphincter pupillae (parasympathetics)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciliaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciliaris">ciliaris muscle (parasympathetics)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervus oculomotorius</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009802">D009802</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=488">488</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.007%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.01.007</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6187">6187</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma50864">50864</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223903" class="extiw" title="d:Q223903">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; width:auto; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Cranial nerves</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li>CN 0 – <a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a></li> <li>CN I – <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a></li> <li>CN II – <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a></li> <li>CN III – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oculomotor</a></li> <li>CN IV – <a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a></li> <li>CN V – <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a></li> <li>CN VI – <a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a></li> <li>CN VII – <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve"> Facial</a></li> <li>CN VIII – <a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a></li> <li>CN IX – <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a></li> <li>CN X – <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">Vagus</a></li> <li>CN XI – <a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a></li> <li>CN XII – <a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Overview</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_cranial_nerves" title="Table of cranial nerves">Table</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Template:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>oculomotor nerve</b>, also known as the <b>third cranial nerve</b>, <b>cranial nerve III</b>, or simply <b>CN III</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve">cranial nerve</a> that enters the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">orbit</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Superior_orbital_fissure" title="Superior orbital fissure">superior orbital fissure</a> and innervates <a href="/wiki/Extraocular_muscles" title="Extraocular muscles">extraocular muscles</a> that enable most <a href="/wiki/Eye_movement" title="Eye movement">movements of the eye</a> and that raise the eyelid. The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the <a href="/wiki/Intraocular_muscles" title="Intraocular muscles">intrinsic eye muscles</a> that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Basal_plate_(neural_tube)" title="Basal plate (neural tube)">basal plate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Midbrain" title="Midbrain">midbrain</a>. Cranial nerves <a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abducens" class="mw-redirect" title="Abducens">VI</a> also participate in control of <a href="/wiki/Eye_movement_(sensory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye movement (sensory)">eye movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilensky_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilensky-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oculomotor nerve originates from the third nerve <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)" title="Nucleus (neuroanatomy)">nucleus</a> at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_colliculus" title="Superior colliculus">superior colliculus</a> in the midbrain. The third nerve nucleus is located ventral to the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_aqueduct" title="Cerebral aqueduct">cerebral aqueduct</a>, on the pre-aqueductal <a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">grey matter</a>. The fibers from the two third nerve nuclei located laterally on either side of the cerebral aqueduct then pass through the <a href="/wiki/Red_nucleus" title="Red nucleus">red nucleus</a>. From the red nucleus fibers then pass via the <a href="/wiki/Substantia_nigra" title="Substantia nigra">substantia nigra</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to emerge from the substance of the brainstem at the oculomotor sulcus (a groove on the lateral wall of the <a href="/wiki/Interpeduncular_fossa" title="Interpeduncular fossa">interpeduncular fossa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On emerging from the <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a>, the nerve is invested with a sheath of <a href="/wiki/Pia_mater" title="Pia mater">pia mater</a>, and enclosed in a prolongation from the <a href="/wiki/Arachnoid_mater" title="Arachnoid mater">arachnoid</a>. It passes between the <a href="/wiki/Superior_cerebellar" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cerebellar">superior cerebellar</a> (below) and <a href="/wiki/Posterior_cerebral" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior cerebral">posterior cerebral</a> arteries (above), and then pierces the dura mater anterior and lateral to the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_clinoid_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior clinoid process">posterior clinoid process</a>, passing between the free and attached borders of the <a href="/wiki/Tentorium_cerebelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentorium cerebelli">tentorium cerebelli</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It traverses the <a href="/wiki/Cavernous_sinus" title="Cavernous sinus">cavernous sinus</a>, above the other orbital nerves receiving in its course one or two filaments from the <a href="/wiki/Cavernous_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavernous plexus">cavernous plexus</a> of the sympathetic nervous system, and a communicating branch from the <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophthalmic division">ophthalmic division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigeminal">trigeminal</a> nerve. As the oculomotor nerve enters the orbit via the <a href="/wiki/Superior_orbital_fissure" title="Superior orbital fissure">superior orbital fissure</a> it then divides into a superior and an inferior branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilensky_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilensky-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superior_branch">Superior branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Superior branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>superior branch</i> of the oculomotor nerve or the <i>superior division</i>, the smaller, passes medially over the <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">optic nerve</a>. It supplies the <a href="/wiki/Superior_rectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior rectus">superior rectus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levator_palpebrae_superioris" class="mw-redirect" title="Levator palpebrae superioris">levator palpebrae superioris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inferior_branch">Inferior branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inferior branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>inferior branch</i> of the oculomotor nerve or the <i>inferior division</i>, the larger, divides into three branches. </p> <ul><li>One passes beneath the optic nerve to the <a href="/wiki/Medial_rectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial rectus">medial rectus</a>.</li> <li>Another, to the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_rectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior rectus">inferior rectus</a>.</li> <li>The third and longest runs forward between the inferior recti and lateralis to the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_oblique" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior oblique">inferior oblique</a>.</li> <li>From the third one, a short thick branch is given off to the lower part of the <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a>, and forms its short root.</li></ul> <p>All these branches enter the muscles on their ocular surfaces, with the exception of the nerve to the inferior oblique, which enters the muscle at its posterior border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclei">Nuclei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nuclei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oculomotor nerve (CN III) arises from the anterior aspect of the <a href="/wiki/Mesencephalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesencephalon">mesencephalon</a> (midbrain). There are two nuclei for the oculomotor nerve: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">oculomotor nucleus</a> originates at the level of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_colliculus" title="Superior colliculus">superior colliculus</a>. The muscles it controls are the striated muscle in levator palpebrae superioris and other <a href="/wiki/Extraocular_muscles" title="Extraocular muscles">extraocular muscles</a> except for the <a href="/wiki/Superior_oblique_muscle" title="Superior oblique muscle">superior oblique muscle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_rectus_muscle" title="Lateral rectus muscle">lateral rectus muscle</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Edinger-Westphal_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinger-Westphal nucleus">Edinger-Westphal nucleus</a> supplies <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic">parasympathetic</a> fibers to the eye via the <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a>, and thus controls the <a href="/wiki/Sphincter_pupillae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphincter pupillae">sphincter pupillae</a> muscle (affecting <a href="/wiki/Pupil_constriction" class="mw-redirect" title="Pupil constriction">pupil constriction</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_muscle" title="Ciliary muscle">ciliary muscle</a> (affecting <a href="/wiki/Accommodation_reflex" title="Accommodation reflex">accommodation</a>).</li></ul> <p>Sympathetic postganglionic fibres also join the nerve from the plexus on the internal carotid artery in the wall of the cavernous sinus and are distributed through the nerve, e.g., to the smooth muscle of superior tarsal (Mueller's) muscle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oculomotor nerve includes axons of type GSE, <a href="/wiki/General_somatic_efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic efferent fibers">general somatic efferent</a>, which innervate skeletal muscle of the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles. (Innervates all the extrinsic muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus.) </p><p>The nerve also includes axons of type GVE, <a href="/wiki/General_visceral_efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General visceral efferent fibers">general visceral efferent</a>, which provide preganglionic parasympathetics to the ciliary ganglion. From the ciliary ganglion postganglionic fibers pass through the short ciliary nerve to the constrictor pupillae of the iris and the ciliary muscles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disease">Disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paralysis of the oculomotor nerve, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve_palsy" title="Oculomotor nerve palsy">oculomotor nerve palsy</a>, can arise due to: </p> <ul><li>direct <a href="/wiki/Physical_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical trauma">trauma</a>,</li> <li>demyelinating diseases (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>),</li> <li>increased intracranial pressure (leading to <a href="/wiki/Uncal_herniation" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncal herniation">uncal herniation</a>) <ul><li>due to a space-occupying lesion (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Brain_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain cancer">brain cancer</a>) or a</li> <li>spontaneous <a href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_haemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Subarachnoid haemorrhage">subarachnoid haemorrhage</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Berry_aneurysm" class="mw-redirect" title="Berry aneurysm">berry aneurysm</a>), and</li></ul></li> <li>microvascular disease, e.g., diabetes.</li></ul> <p>In people with <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a> and older than 50 years of age, an oculomotor nerve palsy, in the classical sense, occurs with sparing (or preservation) of the pupillary reflex. This is thought to arise due to the anatomical arrangement of the <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve fiber">nerve fibers</a> in the oculomotor nerve; fibers controlling the pupillary function are superficial and spared from <a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">ischemic</a> injuries typical of diabetes. On the converse, an aneurysm which leads to compression of the oculomotor nerve affects the superficial fibers and manifests as a third nerve palsy with loss of the pupillary reflex (in fact, this third nerve finding is considered to represent an aneurysm—until proven otherwise—and should be investigated).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examination">Examination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Examination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eye_muscles">Eye muscles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eye muscles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are usually tested together as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_examination" title="Cranial nerve examination">cranial nerve examination</a>. The examiner typically instructs the patient to hold his head still and follow only with the eyes a finger or penlight that circumscribes a large "H" in front of the patient. By observing the <a href="/wiki/Eye_movement_(sensory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye movement (sensory)">eye movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">eyelids</a>, the examiner is able to obtain more information about the <a href="/wiki/Extraocular_muscles" title="Extraocular muscles">extraocular muscles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Levator_palpebrae_superioris_muscle" title="Levator palpebrae superioris muscle">levator palpebrae superioris muscle</a>, and cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Loss of function of any of the eye muscles results in <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis" title="Ophthalmoparesis">ophthalmoparesis</a>. </p><p>Since the oculomotor nerve controls most of the eye muscles, it may be easier to detect damage to it. Damage to this nerve, termed <a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve_palsy" title="Oculomotor nerve palsy">oculomotor nerve palsy</a>, is known by its <i>down and out</i> symptoms, because of the position of the affected eye (lateral, downward deviation of gaze). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pupillary_reflex">Pupillary reflex</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pupillary reflex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pupillary_reflex" title="Pupillary reflex">Pupillary reflex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex" title="Pupillary light reflex">Pupillary light reflex</a></div> <p>The oculomotor nerve also controls the constriction of the <a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">pupils</a> and thickening of the lens of the eye. This can be tested in two main ways. By moving a finger toward a person's face to induce <a href="/wiki/Accommodation_reflex" title="Accommodation reflex">accommodation</a>, their pupils should constrict. </p><p>Shining a light into one eye should result in equal constriction of the other eye. Fibers from the optic nerves <a href="/wiki/Decussation" title="Decussation">cross over</a> in the optic chiasm with some fibers passing to the contralateral optic nerve tract. This is the basis of the "<a href="/wiki/Swinging-flashlight_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Swinging-flashlight test">swinging-flashlight test</a>". </p><p>Loss of <a href="/wiki/Accommodation_reflex" title="Accommodation reflex">accommodation</a> and continued pupillary dilation can indicate the presence of a lesion on the oculomotor nerve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the oculomotor nerve."><img alt="Map of the oculomotor nerve." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg/120px-Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg/180px-Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg/240px-Cranial_nerve_III_visceral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the oculomotor nerve.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray720.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Median sagittal section of brain."><img alt="Median sagittal section of brain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray720.png/120px-Gray720.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray720.png/180px-Gray720.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray720.png/240px-Gray720.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Median sagittal section of brain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray775.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of oculomotor nerve."><img alt="Plan of oculomotor nerve." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray775.png/120px-Gray775.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray775.png/180px-Gray775.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray775.png/240px-Gray775.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="222" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of oculomotor nerve.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pathways in the Ciliary Ganglion."><img alt="Pathways in the Ciliary Ganglion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png/120px-Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png/180px-Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png/240px-Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pathways in the Ciliary Ganglion.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Midbrainsection.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross-sectional anatomy of the midbrain showing location of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus"><img alt="Cross-sectional anatomy of the midbrain showing location of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Midbrainsection.svg/120px-Midbrainsection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Midbrainsection.svg/180px-Midbrainsection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Midbrainsection.svg/240px-Midbrainsection.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2601" data-file-height="1475" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross-sectional anatomy of the midbrain showing location of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisocoria" title="Anisocoria">Anisocoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve">Cranial nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">Oculomotor nucleus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/884/mode/2up">page 884</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Vilensky-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vilensky_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vilensky_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVilenskyRobertsonSuarez-Quian2015" class="citation book cs1">Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, Wendy; Suarez-Quian, Carlos (2015). <i>The Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves: The Nerves of "On Olympus Towering Top"</i>. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-49201-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-49201-7"><bdi>978-1-118-49201-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Clinical+Anatomy+of+the+Cranial+Nerves%3A+The+Nerves+of+%22On+Olympus+Towering+Top%22&rft.place=Ames%2C+Iowa&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-118-49201-7&rft.aulast=Vilensky&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Wendy&rft.au=Suarez-Quian%2C+Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOculomotor+nerve" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sulcus+of+the+oculomotor+nerve">"sulcus of the oculomotor nerve"</a>. <i>TheFreeDictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheFreeDictionary.com&rft.atitle=sulcus+of+the+oculomotor+nerve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com%2Fsulcus%2Bof%2Bthe%2Boculomotor%2Bnerve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOculomotor+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1198462-overview">Oculomotor Nerve Palsy</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nervus_oculomotorius" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nervus oculomotorius">Nervus oculomotorius</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">MedEd at Loyola</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meddean.luc.edu/Lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn3.htm">GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn3.htm</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic183.htm#">oph/183</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a> - "Oculomotor nerve palsy"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Oculomotor+Nerve">Oculomotor+Nerve</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Scripts/hiercentraldirectory.aspx?ID=479">hier-479</a> at <a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/~rbj/RBJ/rbjteaching/Oculomotors.htm">Animations of extraocular cranial nerve and muscle function and damage (University of Liverpool)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/cranialnerves.htm">cranialnerves</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/III.jpg">III</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_cranial_nerves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_cranial_nerves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">cranial nerves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a> (CN 0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septal_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Septal nuclei">septal nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a> (CN I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_olfactory_nucleus" title="Anterior olfactory nucleus">anterior olfactory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_tract" title="Olfactory tract">olfactory tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a> (CN II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus" title="Lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_chiasm" title="Optic chiasm">optic chiasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_tract" title="Optic tract">optic tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oculomotor</a> (CN III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">oculomotor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinger%E2%80%93Westphal_nucleus" title="Edinger–Westphal nucleus">Edinger–Westphal nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior branch of oculomotor nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_root_of_ciliary_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion">parasympathetic root</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a> (CN IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nucleus" title="Trochlear nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a> (CN V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve">PSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus" title="Spinal trigeminal nucleus">spinal trigeminal nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_motor_nucleus" title="Trigeminal motor nucleus">TMN</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_ganglion" title="Trigeminal ganglion">trigeminal ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_nerve" title="Ophthalmic nerve">ophthalmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_nerve" title="Maxillary nerve">maxillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a> (CN VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nucleus" title="Abducens nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">Facial</a> (CN VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">Intermediate nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">Geniculate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inside<br /><a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">Greater petrosal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">pterygopalatine ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_to_the_stapedius" title="Nerve to the stapedius">Nerve to the stapedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">Chorda tympani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_nerve" title="Lingual nerve">lingual nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">At <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid<br />foramen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_auricular_nerve" title="Posterior auricular nerve">Posterior auricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles" title="Suprahyoid muscles">Suprahyoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digastric_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Digastric branch of facial nerve">digastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve">stylohyoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_plexus" title="Parotid plexus">Parotid plexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Temporal branches of the facial nerve">temporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve">zygomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Buccal branch of the facial nerve">buccal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch_of_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve">mandibular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">cervical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">Facial motor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_salivary_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivary nucleus">Superior salivary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a> (CN VIII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">vestibular nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochlear nuclei">cochlear nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nerve" title="Cochlear nerve">Cochlear nerve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striae_medullares" class="mw-redirect" title="Striae medullares">striae medullares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">lateral lemniscus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nerve" title="Vestibular nerve">Vestibular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scarpa%27s_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarpa's ganglion">Scarpa's ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a> (CN IX)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_nerve" title="Tympanic nerve">Tympanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_plexus" title="Tympanic plexus">tympanic plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Lesser petrosal nerve">lesser petrosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylopharyngeal_branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve">Stylopharyngeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Pharyngeal branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsillar_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Tonsillar branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Lingual branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve_to_carotid_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to carotid sinus">Carotid sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior salivatory nucleus">Inferior salivatory nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">Vagus</a> (CN X)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of vagus nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meningeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Meningeal branch of vagus nerve">Meningeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">Auricular branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve">Pharyngeal branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve">pharyngeal plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve" title="Superior laryngeal nerve">Superior laryngeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="External laryngeal nerve">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal laryngeal nerve">internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">Recurrent laryngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_cardiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve">Superior cervical cardiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cardiac_branches_of_the_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior cardiac branches of the vagus nerve">Inferior cardiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pulmonary branches of vagus nerve">Pulmonary</a></li> <li>Vagal trunks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior vagal trunk">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior vagal trunk">posterior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Celiac branches of vagus nerve">Celiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Renal branches of vagus nerve">Renal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk">Hepatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_gastric_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk">Anterior gastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_gastric_branches_of_posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk">Posterior gastric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve">Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a> (CN XI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_accessory_nucleus" title="Spinal accessory nucleus">spinal accessory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_root_of_accessory_nerves" title="Cranial root of accessory nerves">Cranial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve" title="Spinal root of accessory nerve">Spinal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a> (CN XII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nucleus" title="Hypoglossal nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_hypoglossal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve">lingual</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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