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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory_and_ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory and ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Contemporary history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Water supply and sanitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armed_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Armed forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Freedom of the City</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Freedom of the City subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>Military units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.3</span> <span>Organisations and groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gibraltar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 179 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%85%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ጅብራልታር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጅብራልታር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिब्राल्टर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जिब्राल्टर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calpis" title="Calpis – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Calpis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل طارق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبل طارق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibraltar" title="Chibraltar – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chibraltar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibralt%C3%A2r" title="Gibraltâr – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Gibraltâr" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xibraltar" title="Xibraltar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xibraltar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99b%C9%99ll%C3%BCttariq" title="Cəbəllüttariq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cəbəllüttariq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل الطارق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جبل الطارق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জিব্রাল্টার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিব্রাল্টার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гібралтар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гібралтар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гібральтар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гібральтар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibraltar" title="Jibraltar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jibraltar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1" title="جبل الطر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جبل الطر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%A0%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%A4%DE%AA" title="ޖަބަލްޠާރިޤު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަބަލްޠާރިޤު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Γιβραλτάρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιβραλτάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cibraltaro" title="Ĝibraltaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝibraltaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل‌الطارق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جبل‌الطارق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giobr%C3%A1ltar" title="Giobráltar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Giobráltar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraaltar" title="Gibraaltar – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gibraaltar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebelitar%C4%B1k" title="Cebelitarık – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Cebelitarık" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giobraltair" title="Giobraltair – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Giobraltair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xibraltar" title="Xibraltar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xibraltar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0" title="જિબ્રાલ્ટર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જિબ્રાલ્ટર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9_%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Гибралта Балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Гибралта Балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%A4%ED%84%B0" title="지브롤터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지브롤터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%AB%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ջիբրալթար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջիբրալթար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिब्राल्टर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जिब्राल्टर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জিব্রালটার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জিব্রালটার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ADbraltar" title="Gíbraltar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gíbraltar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibilterra" title="Gibilterra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gibilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A8" title="גיברלטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיברלטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გიბრალტარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გიბრალტარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibraltar" title="Jibraltar – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jibraltar" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giburalitari" title="Giburalitari – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Giburalitari" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AEbraltar" title="Cîbraltar – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cîbraltar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltaria" title="Gibraltaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gibraltaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibralt%C4%81rs" title="Gibraltārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gibraltārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltaras" title="Gibraltaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gibraltaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibilt%C3%A6ra" title="Gibiltæra – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gibiltæra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibraltar" title="Jibraltar – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jibraltar" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibiltera" title="Gibiltera – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gibiltera" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibralt%C3%A1r_(brit_tengerent%C3%BAli_ter%C3%BClet)" title="Gibraltár (brit tengerentúli terület) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gibraltár (brit tengerentúli terület)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="गिब्राल्टार – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गिब्राल्टार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltara" title="Gibraltara – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gibraltara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="ജിബ്രാൾട്ടർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജിബ്രാൾട്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ibilt%C3%A0" title="Ġibiltà – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġibiltà" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81maka" title="Kāmaka – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kāmaka" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिब्राल्टर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जिब्राल्टर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გიბრალტარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გიბრალტარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جيبرالتار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيبرالتار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل طارق – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جبل طارق" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ဂျီဘရော်လ်တာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျီဘရော်လ်တာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="जिब्राल्टार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जिब्राल्टार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="जिब्राल्टर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जिब्राल्टर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB" title="ジブラルタル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジブラルタル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltaar" title="Gibraltaar – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gibraltaar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibrulta" title="Jibrulta – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jibrulta" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dgibr%C3%A2ltar" title="Dgibrâltar – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Dgibrâltar" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibartar" title="Gibartar – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gibartar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜିବ୍ରାଲ୍ଟର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜିବ୍ରାଲ୍ଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜਿਬਰਾਲਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਿਬਰਾਲਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="جبرالٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جبرالٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل الطارق – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جبل الطارق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibralta" title="Jibralta – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jibralta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibilt%C3%A8ra" title="Gibiltèra – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gibiltèra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ґібралтар – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґібралтар" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjibraltari" title="Gjibraltari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjibraltari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbilterra" title="Gibbilterra – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gibbilterra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජිබ්‍රෝල්ටාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජිබ්‍රෝල්ටාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل الطارق – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جبل الطارق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibralt%C3%A1r" title="Gibraltár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gibraltár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibraltaar" title="Jibraltaar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jibraltaar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="گیبرالتار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیبرالتار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜிப்ரால்ட்டர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜிப்ரால்ட்டர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djabal_%E1%B9%ACariq" title="Djabal Ṭariq – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Djabal Ṭariq" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гибралтар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="ၵျီႇပရေႃးတႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵျီႇပရေႃးတႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibralt%C3%A1r" title="Jibraltár – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Jibraltár" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ยิบรอลตาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยิบรอลตาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%9B" title="Ҷабалутториқ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷабалутториқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebelitar%C4%B1k" title="Cebelitarık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cebelitarık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гібралтар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гібралтар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" title="جبل‌الطارق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جبل‌الطارق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zibiltera" title="Zibiltera – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zibiltera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibraltar" title="Djibraltar – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djibraltar" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80" title="直布羅陀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="直布羅陀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibraltaar" title="Jibraltaar – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jibraltaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="直布罗陀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="גיבראלטאר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גיבראלטאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gibraltar" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80" title="直布羅陀 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="直布羅陀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebelitar%C4%B1q" title="Cebelitarıq – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cebelitarıq" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibraltar" title="Hibraltar – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Hibraltar" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%97braltars" title="Gėbraltars – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gėbraltars" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵔⵉⵇ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gibraltar&params=36.14_N_5.35_W_type:city_region:GI"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°08′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°21′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.14°N 5.35°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.14; -5.35</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Overseas Territory on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gibraltar (disambiguation)">Gibraltar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Overseas Territory in United Kingdom</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Gibraltar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Gibraltar"><img alt="Flag of Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/140px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/210px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/280px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Gibraltar"><img alt="Official seal of Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar" title="Coat of arms of Gibraltar">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">"Montis Insignia Calpe"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar"</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a></i><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga/United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=nb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nb" label="norsk bokmål ‪(nb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.oga&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Song</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem" title="Gibraltar Anthem">Gibraltar Anthem</a></i><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Gibraltar (dark green) United Kingdom shown in pale green"><img alt="Location of Gibraltar in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg/250px-Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg/375px-Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg/500px-Gibraltar_location_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Gibraltar (dark green)</div> United Kingdom shown in pale green</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Gibraltar"><img alt="Map of Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg/250px-Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg/375px-Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg/500px-Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Map of Gibraltar</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Capture from Spain</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 August 1704</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Cession to Great Britain</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1713</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">National Day</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1967</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accession to <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Withdrawal from the EU</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarian</a></li><li>Llanito <span style="font-size:85%;">(colloquial)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved</a> representative <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependency</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bathurst" title="Ben Bathurst">Ben Bathurst</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Picardo" title="Fabian Picardo">Fabian Picardo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Gibraltar" title="Mayor of Gibraltar">Mayor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Carmen Gómez<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Europe,_North_America_and_Overseas_Territories" title="Minister of State for Europe, North America and Overseas Territories">Minister</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Doughty" title="Stephen Doughty">Stephen Doughty</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.8<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (2.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">426 m (1,398 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2020 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,003<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">220th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2022 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">32,688</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000/km<sup>2</sup> (12,949.9/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2013 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">£1.64 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">not ranked</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">£50,941 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">not ranked</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">£2.911 billion<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">£85,614<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.961<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">3rd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">Gibraltar pound</a> (£) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">GIP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gibraltar" title="Telephone numbers in Gibraltar">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gibraltar" title="Telephone numbers in Gibraltar">+350</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_addresses_in_Gibraltar" title="Postal addresses in Gibraltar">Postcode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">GX11 1AA</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi">www<wbr />.gibraltar<wbr />.gov<wbr />.gi</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gibraltar5.jpg/220px-Gibraltar5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gibraltar5.jpg/330px-Gibraltar5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gibraltar5.jpg/440px-Gibraltar5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5208" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_aerial_view_looking_northwest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>Gibraltar from the air, looking north-west</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gibraltar</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">jib-<span style="font-size:90%">RAWL</span>-tər</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xiβɾalˈtaɾ]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and city<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located at the southern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a>, near the exit of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an area of 6.8 km<sup>2</sup> (2.6 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">bordered to the north</a> by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar">Campo de Gibraltar</a>). The landscape is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a>, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to some 34,003 people, primarily <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltar was founded as a permanent watchtower by the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a> in 1160. It switched control between the <a href="/wiki/Nasrids" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrids">Nasrids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marinids" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinids">Marinids</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, acquiring larger strategic clout upon the destruction of nearby <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1375</span>. It became again part of the Crown of Castile in 1462. In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">captured Gibraltar</a> from Spain during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, and it was ceded to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> in perpetuity under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> in 1713. It became an important base for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, particularly during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, as it controlled the <a href="/wiki/Choke_point" title="Choke point">narrow entrance and exit</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a>, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through it.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in <a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Spain–United Kingdom relations">Anglo-Spanish relations</a> as Spain asserts <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Gibraltar" title="Status of Gibraltar">a claim to the territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maec_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maec-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a <a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">1967 referendum</a>, and for shared sovereignty in a <a href="/wiki/2002_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">2002 referendum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hills-13_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hills-13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Gibraltar maintains close economic and cultural links with Spain, with many Gibraltarians speaking Spanish as well as a local dialect known as <a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Levey2008_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levey2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltar's economy rests on financial services, e-gaming, tourism and the port.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With one of the world's lowest unemployment rates, the largest part of the labour force are resident in Spain or non-Gibraltarians, especially in the private sector. Since <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, Gibraltar is not a member of the European Union but negotiations are under way to have it participate in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> to facilitate border movements between Gibraltar and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-GibStatement_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibStatement-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, talks seem deadlocked.<sup id="cite_ref-FT240323_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT240323-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <p>The name is derived from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:جبل طارق">جبل طارق</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jabal Ṭāriq</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Mount of Tariq' (named after the 8th-century North African military leader <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Ziyad" title="Tariq ibn Ziyad">Tariq ibn Ziyad</a>, who began the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula</a> via the Strait of Gibraltar in 711).<sup id="cite_ref-WattCachia2007_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WattCachia2007-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar">History of Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Moorish_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Moorish_Castle.jpg/170px-The_Moorish_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Moorish_Castle.jpg/255px-The_Moorish_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Moorish_Castle.jpg/340px-The_Moorish_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>View of the northern face of the <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Castle" title="Moorish Castle">Moorish Castle</a>'s Tower of Homage</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_ancient_history">Prehistory and ancient history</h3></div> <p>Evidence of <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> habitation in Gibraltar from around 50,000 years ago has been discovered at <a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caves of Gibraltar continued to be used by <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> after the final extinction of the Neanderthals. Stone tools, ancient hearths and animal bones dating from around 40,000 years ago to about 5,000 years ago have been found in deposits left in Gorham's Cave.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">potsherds</a> dating from the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period have been found in Gibraltar's caves, mostly of types typical of the <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Almerian culture</a> found elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, especially around the town of <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>, from which it takes its name.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is little evidence of habitation in the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> when people had largely stopped living in caves.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During ancient times, Gibraltar was regarded by the peoples of the Mediterranean as a place of religious and symbolic importance. The <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a> were present for several centuries since around 950 BC, apparently using Gorham's Cave as a shrine to the <i><a href="/wiki/Genius_loci" title="Genius loci">genius loci</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did the <a href="/wiki/Carthaginians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginians">Carthaginians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> after them. Gibraltar was known as <i><a href="/wiki/Mons_Calpe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mons Calpe">Mons Calpe</a></i>, a name perhaps of Phoenician origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Hills-13_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hills-13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mons Calpe</i> was considered by the ancient Greeks and Romans as one of the <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> legend of the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> by <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>. There is no known archaeological evidence of permanent settlements from the ancient period.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They settled at the head of the bay in what is today known as the <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar"><i>Campo</i> (hinterland) of Gibraltar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson22_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson22-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of <a href="/wiki/Carteia" title="Carteia">Carteia</a>, near the location of the modern Spanish town of <a href="/wiki/San_Roque,_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="San Roque, Cádiz">San Roque</a>, was founded by the Phoenicians around 950 BC on the site of an early settlement of the native <a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetani</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> <p>After the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, Gibraltar came briefly under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, who crossed into Africa at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Bonifacius" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonifacius">Boniface</a>, the Count (or commander) of the territory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The area later formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> for almost 300 years, from 414 until 711 AD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following a raid in 710, a predominantly Berber army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Ziyad" title="Tariq ibn Ziyad">Tariq ibn Ziyad</a> crossed from North Africa in April 711 and landed somewhere in the vicinity of Gibraltar (though most likely not in the bay or at the Rock itself).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson21–5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson21–5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tariq's expedition led to the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Islamic conquest of most of the Iberian peninsula</a>. <i>Mons Calpe</i> was renamed <i>Jabal Ṭāriq</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جبل طارق</span></span>), "the Mount of Tariq", subsequently corrupted into <i>Gibraltar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hills-13_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hills-13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1160 the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Mu%27min" title="Abd al-Mu'min">Abd al-Mu'min</a> ordered that a permanent settlement, including a castle, be built. It received the name of Medinat al-Fath (City of the Victory).<sup id="cite_ref-norris_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norris-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tower of Homage of the <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Castle" title="Moorish Castle">Moorish Castle</a> remains standing today. </p><p>From 1274 onwards, the town was fought over and captured by the <a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Nasrids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> (in 1237 and 1374), the <a href="/wiki/Marinids" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinids">Marinids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a> (in 1274 and 1333) and the kings of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> (in 1309). Upon the Nasrid destruction and abandonment of <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1375</span> and Nasrids' procurement of Gibraltar away from Marinids in 1375, the Nasrids favoured Gibraltar (a worse natural harbor than Algeciras but featuring better defence capabilities) as a military and urban outpost in the Strait, although Gibraltar did not ever reach a large population during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_(1901)_(14589975490).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_%281901%29_%2814589975490%29.jpg/220px-Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_%281901%29_%2814589975490%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_%281901%29_%2814589975490%29.jpg/330px-Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_%281901%29_%2814589975490%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_%281901%29_%2814589975490%29.jpg/440px-Spain_and_Portugal-_handbook_for_travellers_%281901%29_%2814589975490%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="2572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baedeker" title="Baedeker">Baedeker</a> map of Gibraltar, 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1462, Gibraltar was <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighth Siege of Gibraltar">captured</a> by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alonso_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_1st_Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia" title="Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia">Juan Alonso de Guzmán, 1st Duke of Medina Sidonia</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the conquest, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV of Castile</a> assumed the additional title of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gibraltar" title="Kingdom of Gibraltar">King of Gibraltar</a>, establishing it as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarca</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar">Campo Llano de Gibraltar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six years later, Gibraltar was restored to the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who sold it in 1474 to a group of 4,350 <i><a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">conversos</a></i> (Christian converts from Judaism) from <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seville,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Seville, Spain">Seville</a> and in exchange for maintaining the garrison of the town for two years, after which time they were expelled, returning to their home towns or moving on to other parts of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1501, Gibraltar passed back to the Spanish Crown, and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Royal_warrant_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal warrant (document)">Royal Warrant</a> granting Gibraltar the coat of arms that it still uses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1704, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, a combined <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Anglo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> fleet, representing the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(League_of_Augsburg)" title="Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)">Grand Alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">captured the town of Gibraltar</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Archduke Charles of Austria</a> in his campaign to become King of Spain. Subsequently, most of the population left the town, with many settling nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Alliance's campaign faltered, the 1713 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> was negotiated, which ceded control of Gibraltar to Britain to secure Britain's withdrawal from the war. Unsuccessful attempts by Spanish monarchs to regain Gibraltar were made, with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gibraltar_(1727)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Gibraltar (1727)">siege of 1727</a>, and again with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Great Siege of Gibraltar</a> (1779 to 1783), during the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the destructive Great Siege, the town was almost entirely rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-At_an_architectural_crossroads_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At_an_architectural_crossroads-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Giovanni Maria Boschetti, who arrived in Gibraltar in 1784 as a 25-year-old from Milan, where he is thought to have been a stonemason or engineer, built the Victualling Yard (completed in 1812) and many other buildings. Boschetti is regarded as having been responsible for setting the old town's style, described by Claire Montado, chief executive of the Gibraltar Heritage Trust, as "military-ordnance-style arched doorways, Italianate stucco relief, Genoese shutters, English Regency ironwork balconies, Spanish stained glass and Georgian sash and casement windows."<sup id="cite_ref-At_an_architectural_crossroads_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At_an_architectural_crossroads-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Gibraltar became a key base for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and played an important role leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a> (21 October 1805). Designated one of four <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortresses</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its strategic location made it a key base during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> of 1854–1856. In the 18th century, the peacetime military garrison fluctuated in numbers from a minimum of 1,100 to a maximum of 5,000. The first half of the 19th century saw a significant increase of population to more than 17,000 in 1860, as people from Britain and all around the Mediterranean – Italian, Portuguese, Maltese, Jewish and French – took up residence in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its strategic value increased with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, as it lay on the sea route between the UK and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> east of Suez. In the later 19th century, major investments were made to improve the fortifications and the port.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_history">Contemporary history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Military history of Gibraltar during World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar,_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-3_of_BOAC_at_Gibraltar%2C_silhouetted_by_searchlights_on_the_Rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Shown here during the Second World War, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Dakota">Douglas Dakota</a> of <a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a> is silhouetted at Gibraltar by the batteries of searchlights on the Rock, as crews prepare it for a night flight to the United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">During the Second World War</a>, most of Gibraltar's <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Gibraltarian_civilian_population_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuation of the Gibraltarian civilian population during World War II">civilian population was evacuated</a>, mainly to London, but also to parts of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Camp">Gibraltar Camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. The Rock was strengthened as a <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortress</a>. On 18 July 1940, the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> <a href="/wiki/Vichy_French_Air_Force" title="Vichy French Air Force">air force</a> attacked Gibraltar in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Mers-el-K%C3%A9bir" title="Attack on Mers-el-Kébir">British bombing</a> of the Vichy navy. The naval base and the ships based there played a key role in the provisioning and supply of the island of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> during <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">its long siege</a>. As well as frequent short runs, known as "Club Runs", towards Malta to fly off aircraft reinforcements (initially <a href="/wiki/Hawker_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawker hurricane">Hurricanes</a>, but later, notably from the USN aircraft carrier <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-7)" title="USS Wasp (CV-7)">Wasp</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfires</a>), the critical <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a> convoy was run from Gibraltar in August 1942. This resupplied the island at a critical time in the face of concentrated air attacks from German and Italian forces. Spanish dictator <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s reluctance to allow the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German Army</a> onto Spanish soil frustrated a German plan to capture the Rock, codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Felix" title="Operation Felix">Operation Felix</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG/250px-Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG/375px-Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG/500px-Gibraltar_Naval_dockyard_and_South_Mole.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Buildings of the former <a href="/wiki/HM_Dockyard,_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Dockyard, Gibraltar">HM Dockyard, Gibraltar</a>, dating from the 1895 expansion</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1950s, Franco renewed Spain's claim to sovereignty over Gibraltar and restricted movement between Gibraltar and Spain. Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain under British sovereignty in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum</a>, which led to the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_1969" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 1969">Gibraltar Constitution Order</a> in 1969. In response, Spain completely closed the border with Gibraltar and severed all communication links.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordine2009_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordine2009-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The border with Spain was partially reopened in 1982 and fully reopened in 1985 before Spain's accession to the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the early 2000s, Britain and Spain were in negotiations over a potential agreement that would see them sharing sovereignty over Gibraltar. The government of Gibraltar organised a <a href="/wiki/2002_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">referendum</a> on the plan, and 99% of the population voted to reject it.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the British government committed to respecting the Gibraltarians' wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006">new Constitution Order</a> was approved in referendum in 2006. A process of tripartite negotiations started in 2006 between Spain, Gibraltar and the UK, ending some restrictions and dealing with disputes in some specific areas such as air movements, customs procedures, telecommunications, pensions and cultural exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/British_referendum_on_membership_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="British referendum on membership of the European Union">British referendum on membership of the European Union</a> 96% of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians_voted_to_remain" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarians voted to remain">Gibraltarians voted to remain</a> on an 84% turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain renewed calls for joint Spanish–British control of the peninsula;<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these were strongly rebuffed by Gibraltar's Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 October 2018, however, Spain seemed to have reached an agreement with the United Kingdom in relation to its objections to Gibraltar leaving the EU with the UK, with Spain's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> stating, "Gibraltar will no longer be a problem in arriving at a Brexit deal."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 January 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">UK left the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">consequently</a> so did Gibraltar. Under the terms of the transition phase in the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Brexit withdrawal agreement</a>, Gibraltar's relationship with the EU continued unchanged until the end of 2020 when it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a>. On 31 December 2020, the UK and Spain agreed in principle on a basis for the EU and the UK to negotiate an agreement through which Gibraltar would participate in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GibStatement_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibStatement-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to avoid a hard border with Spain. The arrangements have not entered into force.<sup id="cite_ref-GibStatement_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibStatement-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ashifa_Kassam_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashifa_Kassam-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Gibraltar launched a bid for city status as part of the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Civic_Honours" title="Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours">Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours</a>. The bid was refused, but when researchers looked through <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">the National Archives</a>, they found that it had already been recognised as a city by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The status came into force on 29 August 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">Politics of Gibraltar</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status of Gibraltar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_development_in_modern_Gibraltar" title="Political development in modern Gibraltar">Political development in modern Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg/220px-The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg/330px-The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg/440px-The_convent_in_Gibraltar_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Main Street entrance to the Governor's Residence, <a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convent (Gibraltar)">The Convent</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_Parliament_at_dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Mackintosh_Square" title="John Mackintosh Square">John Mackintosh Square</a> entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Gibraltar Parliament</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under its current <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006">constitution</a>, Gibraltar has almost complete internal <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a> through a <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-publications.parliament.uk_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publications.parliament.uk-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> elected for a term of up to four years. The <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> parliament presently consists of 17 elected members, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Gibraltar_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the Gibraltar Parliament">Speaker</a> who is not elected but appointed by a resolution of the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gibraltar" title="Government of Gibraltar">government</a> consists of 10 elected members. The head of state is the British monarch <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a>, who is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor of Gibraltar</a>. The governor enacts day-to-day matters on the advice of the Gibraltar Parliament but is responsible to the British government in respect of defence, foreign policy, internal security and general good governance. Judicial and other appointments are made on behalf of the monarch in consultation with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">head of the elected government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2011_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2011 Gibraltar general election">2011 election</a> was contested by the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Social_Democrats" title="Gibraltar Social Democrats">Gibraltar Social Democrats</a> (GSD), <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Socialist_Labour_Party" title="Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party">Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party</a> (GSLP)-<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Liberal Party of Gibraltar</a> (LPG) Alliance and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Gibraltar)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Gibraltar)">Progressive Democratic Party</a> (PDP). The PDP was a new party, formed in 2006 and fielded candidates in the 2007 election, but none were elected. The head of government is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister</a> (as of December 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Picardo" title="Fabian Picardo">Fabian Picardo</a>). All local political parties oppose any transfer of sovereignty to Spain, instead supporting <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>. The main UK opposition parties also support this policy, and it is British government policy not to engage in talks about the sovereignty of Gibraltar without the consent of the people of Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltar was part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, having joined through the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(UK)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (UK)">European Communities Act 1972 (UK)</a>, which gave effect to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">Treaty of Accession 1972</a>, as a dependent territory of the United Kingdom under what was then article 227(4) of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_Establishing_the_European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty Establishing the European Community">Treaty Establishing the European Community</a> covering <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar and the European Union">special member state territories</a>, with exemption from some areas such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>. It is the only <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">British Overseas Territory</a> which was part of the European Union. After a 10-year campaign for the right to vote in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">European elections</a>, from 2004 to 2019 the people of Gibraltar participated in elections for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England constituency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 June 2016 Gibraltar voted along with the United Kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">EU referendum</a>; 96% of its population voted to remain, but the overall United Kingdom result gave a 51.9% majority to leaving the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Sánchez (politician)">Pedro Sánchez</a> stated on 18 October 2018 that the Gibraltar protocol had been "resolved" and that Spain will hold no objection when Gibraltar leaves the EU with Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltar was nominated to be included on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">United Nations list of non-self-governing territories</a> by the United Kingdom when the list was created in 1946<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been listed ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Gibraltar has actively worked to have Gibraltar removed from the list,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2008 the British government declared Gibraltar's continued presence on the list an anachronism.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltar is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> in its own right and is represented by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> but was granted Associate Membership of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Foundation" title="Commonwealth Foundation">Commonwealth Foundation</a> in 2004. Gibraltar has competed in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> since 1958.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Members of Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F5053C;" data-sort-value="Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Socialist_Labour_Party" title="Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party">Socialist Labour</a> </td> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #043967;" data-sort-value="Gibraltar Social Democrats"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Social_Democrats" title="Gibraltar Social Democrats">Social Democrats</a> </td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #EF4135;" data-sort-value="Liberal Party of Gibraltar"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Liberal</a> </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>17 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship">Citizenship</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_passport_(Gibraltar)" title="British passport (Gibraltar)">British passport (Gibraltar)</a></div> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>, Gibraltarians were made <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizens</a> by default, but could apply for registration as a <a href="/wiki/British_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="British citizen">British citizen</a> ("<i>an entitlement that cannot be refused</i>") under section 5 of the Act. Under the subsequent <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a>, all British Overseas Territories citizens became British citizens on 21 May 2002.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2></div> <p>Gibraltar is not a sovereign state: its formal international relations are the responsibility of the Government of the United Kingdom. Since Brexit, it is not part of the European Union, but is a participant in the <a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 31 December 2020, the UK and Spain agreed in principle on a basis for the EU and the UK to negotiate an agreement through which Gibraltar would participate in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GibStatement_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibStatement-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to avoid a hard border with Spain. The arrangements have not entered into force,<sup id="cite_ref-GibStatement_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibStatement-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but both sides aim to keep delays at the border at a minimum in the meantime.<sup id="cite_ref-Ashifa_Kassam_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashifa_Kassam-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, talks remain stalled, with Spain insisting that its <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps_(Spain)" title="National Police Corps (Spain)">Policía Nacional</a></i></span> control entry into the Schengen area and the UK demanding that the work be done by officers of the European Union agency <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a>. All other entry points to the Schengen area are controlled by national authorities, supplemented by Frontex in some places.<sup id="cite_ref-FT240323_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT240323-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef" title="Gibraltar Artificial Reef">Gibraltar Artificial Reef</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg/220px-Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg/330px-Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg/440px-Rock_of_Gibraltar_from_the_Mediterranean_Steps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>View of the Rock of Gibraltar from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Steps" title="Mediterranean Steps">Mediterranean Steps</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar2021OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gibraltar2021OSM.png/220px-Gibraltar2021OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gibraltar2021OSM.png/330px-Gibraltar2021OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gibraltar2021OSM.png/440px-Gibraltar2021OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="2789" data-file-height="3447" /></a><figcaption>Enlargeable, detailed map of Gibraltar</figcaption></figure> <p>Gibraltar's territory covers 6.8 km2 (2.6 sqmi)<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shares a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) land border with Spain. The town of <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea de la Concepción</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_C%C3%A1diz" title="List of municipalities in Cádiz">municipality</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">province of Cádiz</a>, lies on the Spanish side of the border. The Spanish hinterland forms the <a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarca</a> of <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar">Campo de Gibraltar</a> (literally "Countryside of Gibraltar"). The shoreline measures 12 km (7.5 mi) in length. There are two coasts ("Sides") of Gibraltar: the East Side, which contains the settlements of <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bay,_Gibraltar" title="Sandy Bay, Gibraltar">Sandy Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Westside_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westside (Gibraltar)">Westside</a>, where the vast majority of the population lives. Gibraltar has no administrative divisions but is divided into seven <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Major_Residential_Areas" title="Gibraltar Major Residential Areas">Major Residential Areas</a>. </p><p>Having negligible <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a> and few natural <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> resources, limited to natural wells in the north, until recently Gibraltar used large concrete or natural rock <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">water catchments</a> to collect rainwater. Fresh water from the boreholes is nowadays supplemented by two <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a> plants: a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_osmosis" title="Reverse osmosis">reverse osmosis</a> plant, constructed in a tunnel within the rock, and a <a href="/wiki/Multi-stage_flash_distillation" title="Multi-stage flash distillation">multi-stage flash distillation</a> plant at North Mole.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltar's terrain consists of the 426 m-high (1,398 ft) <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made of <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, and the narrow coastal lowland surrounding it. It contains many tunnelled roads, most of which are still operated by the military and closed to the general public. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Morocco (top far left across Strait); Spain: Algeciras (top centre across Bay of Gibraltar) and La Linea (right); Gibraltar cruise port and airport runway (right foreground); from the Rock"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg/1000px-View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg/1500px-View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg/2000px-View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7966" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_top_of_Gib_rock.jpg" title="File:View from top of Gib rock.jpg"> </a></div>Morocco (top far left across Strait); Spain: Algeciras (top centre across Bay of Gibraltar) and La Linea (right); Gibraltar cruise port and airport runway (right foreground); from the Rock</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Climate of Gibraltar</a></div> <p>Gibraltar has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Csa</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with mild, rainy winters and summers that are very warm to hot and humid, but with very little rainfall. As is the case for nearby <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarifa" title="Tarifa">Tarifa</a>, summers are significantly cooler and annual temperature more constant than other cities on the southern coast of the Iberian peninsula because of its position on the Strait of Gibraltar. Rain occurs mainly in winter, with summer being generally dry. Its average annual temperature is 21.7 °C (71.1 °F) as a daily high and 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) as the overnight low. In the coldest month, January, the high temperature averages 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) and the overnight low averages 11.2 °C (52.2 °F) and the average sea temperature is 16 °C (61 °F). In the warmest month, August, the daily high temperature averages 28.4 °C (83.1 °F), the overnight low averages 21.2 °C (70.2 °F), and the average sea temperature is 22 °C (72 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-weather2travel_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather2travel-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Gibraltar International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">GIB</a>) <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a> indicator:<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteostat.net/en/station/08495">LXGB</a>, <a href="/wiki/WMO" class="mw-redirect" title="WMO">WMO</a> identifier:<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteostat.net/en/station/08495">08495</a>), 5m <a href="/wiki/Amsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsl">amsl</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1991−2020 normals (except dewpoints and humidity), 1985–2015 dewpoints and humidity, extremes 1958−present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">97.5<br />(3.84) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">93.6<br />(3.69) </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.4<br />(3.28) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.8<br />(2.71) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(1.06) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(0.33) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(1.01) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.9<br />(3.34) </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">99.1<br />(3.90) </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">150.7<br />(5.93) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">740.8<br />(29.16) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.20 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.36 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.64 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.51 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.74 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.94 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.23 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.20 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.66 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.25 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.34 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.94 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.01 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14<br />(56) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C2C215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">289 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">319 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">326 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000;" class="notheme">309 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,676 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_084950_kt.pdf">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (February, July and August record lows only)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/weather//climate">Meteoclimat</a> (normals except dewpoints and humidity)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Source 3: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-510-1831-2021.php">Meteoclimat</a> (records except February, July and August record lows)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Source 4: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/gibraltar/gibraltar/climate">Time and Date</a> (dew points and humidity)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Gibraltar" title="List of mammals of Gibraltar">List of mammals of Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Gibraltar" title="List of birds of Gibraltar">List of birds of Gibraltar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_and_reptiles_of_Gibraltar" title="List of amphibians and reptiles of Gibraltar">List of amphibians and reptiles of Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG/220px-Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG/330px-Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG/440px-Iberis_gibraltarica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iberis_gibraltarica" title="Iberis gibraltarica">Gibraltar candytuft</a> growing at the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" title="Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Gibraltar Botanic Gardens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png/220px-Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png/330px-Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png/440px-Common_dolphin_taken_by_Graham_Hesketh_of_Dolphin_Safari.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Over 500 different species of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> grow on the Rock. Gibraltar is the only place in Europe where the <i>Gibraltar candytuft</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Iberis_gibraltarica" title="Iberis gibraltarica">Iberis gibraltarica</a></i>) is found growing in the wild; the plant is otherwise native to North Africa. It is the symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar#Upper_Rock_Nature_Reserve" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Upper Rock nature reserve</a>. <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> trees are among the most common of those growing around the Rock.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most of the Rock's upper area is covered by a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a> which is home to around 230 <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barbary_macaques" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Barbary macaques">Barbary macaques</a>, the famous "apes" of Gibraltar, which are actually <a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">monkeys</a>. These are the only wild apes or monkeys found in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This species, known scientifically as <i><a href="/wiki/Macaca_sylvanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaca sylvanus">Macaca sylvanus</a></i>, is listed as endangered by the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> and is declining. Three-quarters of the world population live in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlas" title="Middle Atlas">Middle Atlas</a> mountains of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. Recent genetic studies and historical documents point to their presence on the Rock before British control, having possibly been introduced during the Islamic period. A superstition analogous to that of the <a href="/wiki/Raven" title="Raven">ravens</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> states that if the apes ever leave, so will the British. In 1944, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> was so concerned about the dwindling population of apes that he sent a message to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_(British_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Secretary (British Empire)">Colonial Secretary</a> requesting that something be done about the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other mammals found in Gibraltar include rabbits, foxes and bats. Dolphins and whales are frequently seen in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a>. Migrating birds are very common and Gibraltar is home to the only <a href="/wiki/Barbary_partridge" title="Barbary partridge">Barbary partridges</a> found on the European continent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1991, Graham Watson, Gibraltar's <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a>, highlighted <a href="/wiki/Conservationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservationism">conservationists</a>' fears that <a href="/wiki/Urban_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban development">urban development</a>, tourism and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_plant_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasive plant species">invasive plant species</a> were threatening Gibraltar's own plants as well as birds and <a href="/wiki/Bat_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat species">bat species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RockofGibraltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RockofGibraltar.jpg/220px-RockofGibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RockofGibraltar.jpg/330px-RockofGibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RockofGibraltar.jpg/440px-RockofGibraltar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3903" data-file-height="2883" /></a><figcaption>The Rock of Gibraltar (2010)</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 2016, a report by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> showed that Gibraltar had the worst air quality in any British territory. The report concentrated on <a href="/wiki/PM10" class="mw-redirect" title="PM10">PM10</a> and <a href="/wiki/PM2.5" class="mw-redirect" title="PM2.5">PM2.5</a> pollutants in the air.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar">Economy of Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg/170px-Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg/255px-Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg/340px-Barbary_macaque_and_tourists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>The semi-wild <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barbary_macaques" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Barbary macaques">Barbary macaques</a> are an integral feature in <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gibraltar" title="Tourism in Gibraltar">Gibraltar's tourism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gibraltar's economy is dominated by four main sectors: <a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">financial services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online gambling</a>, shipping, and tourism, which includes duty-free retail sales to visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">British military</a> traditionally dominated <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar">Gibraltar's economy</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Naval_dockyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval dockyard">naval dockyard</a> providing the bulk of economic activity. This, however, has diminished over the last 20 years and is estimated to account for only 7 per cent of the local economy, compared to over 60 per cent in 1984. The territory also has a small manufacturing sector, representing a bit less than 2 per cent of the economy. </p><p>Gibraltar's <a href="/wiki/Labour_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour market">labour market</a> employs around thirty thousand workers, 80% in the private sector and 20% in the public sector. The unemployment rate is extremely low, at around 1 per cent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>More than half (53 Percent) of the labour force are resident in Spain or are non Gibraltarians. According to the Government of Gibraltar's statistics, around 45 Percent of the total employee jobs, and 58% of the private sector jobs, are held by frontier workers (employees who are normally resident in Spain but are employed in Gibraltar). Around 63 Percent of the frontier workers are Spanish nationals. More than half (55 Percent) of the private sector employee jobs are held by persons who are not Gibraltarians or Other British nationalities. The public sector, on the other hand, employs mainly Gibraltarians and other British (90 Percent) <sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, according to <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Picardo" title="Fabian Picardo">Fabian Picardo</a>, Chief Minister of Gibraltar, during Brexit negotiations, a frontier which lacked the necessary fluidity for people to be able to access their places of work would put directly at risk nearly half of the jobs of the Gibraltar workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 2000s, many <a href="/wiki/Bookmaker" title="Bookmaker">bookmakers</a> and online gaming operators moved to Gibraltar to benefit from operating in a regulated jurisdiction with a favourable <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporate tax</a> regime. This corporate tax regime for non-resident controlled companies was phased out by January 2011 and replaced by a still favourable fixed corporate tax rate of 10 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism is also a significant industry. Gibraltar is a popular port for cruise ships and attracts day visitors from resorts in Spain. The Rock is a popular tourist attraction, particularly among British tourists and residents in the southern coast of Spain. It is also a popular shopping destination, and all goods and services are <a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">VAT</a> free, but may be subject to Gibraltar taxes. Many of the large British high street chains have branches or franchises in Gibraltar including <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mothercare" title="Mothercare">Mothercare</a>. Branches and franchises of international retailers such as <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger" title="Tommy Hilfiger">Tommy Hilfiger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunglass_Hut_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunglass Hut International">Sunglass Hut</a> are also present in Gibraltar, as is the Spanish clothing company <a href="/wiki/Mango_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango (clothing)">Mango</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg/220px-Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg/330px-Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg/440px-Queensway_Quay_in_Gibraltar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Queensway Quay Marina, along with <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Village,_Gibraltar" title="Ocean Village, Gibraltar">Ocean Village</a>, are two exclusive residential districts.</figcaption></figure> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Gibraltar" title="List of banks in Gibraltar">British and international banks</a> have operations based in Gibraltar. <a href="/wiki/Jyske_Bank" title="Jyske Bank">Jyske Bank</a> claims to be the oldest bank in the country, based on Jyske's acquisition in 1987 of <a href="/wiki/Banco_Galliano" title="Banco Galliano">Banco Galliano</a>, which began operations in Gibraltar in 1855. An ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Bank" title="Anglo-Egyptian Bank">Anglo-Egyptian Bank</a>, entered in 1888, and Credit Foncier (now <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Agricole" title="Crédit Agricole">Crédit Agricole</a>) entered in 1920.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is some manufacturing activity, representing around 2% of the total employment. One company (Bassadone Automotive Group) supplies ambulances and other project vehicles converted locally from <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> vehicles to the United Nations and other agencies, employing some 320 staff across its range of activities.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, Gibraltar enacted the Companies (Taxation and Concessions) Ordinance (now an Act), which provided for special tax treatment for international business.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the factors leading to the growth of professional services such as <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a> and captive insurance management. Gibraltar has several attractive attributes as a <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">legal system</a> and access to the EU single market in financial services. Gibraltar is considered a high class jurisdiction and is listed on the "white list" by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a> due to its highly regulated financial and e-gaming sectors, sharing the same status as the UK, USA and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunar_et_al_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunar_et_al-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is internationally collaborative, including in the exchange of information on tax matters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunar_et_al_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunar_et_al-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Stock_Exchange" title="Gibraltar Stock Exchange">Gibraltar Stock Exchange</a> was established in 2014. </p><p>In January 2018, Gibraltar introduced a regulatory framework for Distributed Ledger Technology, with the aim of pursuing a “more flexible, adaptive approach... in the case of novel business activities, products, and business models”.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Financial Services Commission (FSC),<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was established by an ordinance in 1989 (now an Act) that took effect in 1991, regulates the finance sector.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, the Department of Trade and Industry established its Gibraltar Finance Centre (GFC) Division to facilitate the development the <a href="/wiki/Financial_sector_development" title="Financial sector development">financial sector development</a>. As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Gibraltar has 0.103 <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(audit_firms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Four (audit firms)">Big Four</a> accounting firm offices per 1,000 population, the second highest in the world after the <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, and 0.6 banks per 1,000 people, the fifth most banks per capita in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there is <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">very significant uncertainty</a> on continuing access to the EU single market after the forthcoming <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The currency of Gibraltar is the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">Gibraltar pound</a>, issued by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gibraltar" title="Government of Gibraltar">Government of Gibraltar</a> under the terms of the 1934 <i>Currency Notes Act</i>. These banknotes are <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> in Gibraltar alongside Bank of England banknotes.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-currnotesact_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-currnotesact-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Currency_board" title="Currency board">currency board</a> arrangement, these notes are issued against reserves of <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-currnotesact_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-currnotesact-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clearing and settlement of funds is conducted in sterling.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Gibraltar_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Gibraltar pound">Coins</a> in circulation follow British denominations but have separate designs. Unofficially, most retail outlets in Gibraltar accept the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>, though some <a href="/wiki/Payphone" title="Payphone">payphones</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Post_Office" title="Royal Gibraltar Post Office">Royal Gibraltar Post Office</a>, along with all other government offices, do not.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar">Demographics of Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned,_Gibraltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned%2C_Gibraltar.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned%2C_Gibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned%2C_Gibraltar.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned%2C_Gibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned%2C_Gibraltar.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned%2C_Gibraltar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned" title="Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned">Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned</a> was built in 1462 and is the territory's oldest Catholic church.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG/220px-Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG/330px-Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG/440px-Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple_altar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4352" data-file-height="2904" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple" title="Gibraltar Hindu Temple">Gibraltar Hindu Temple</a> opened in 2000.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg/220px-Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg/330px-Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg/440px-Mosque_of_Gibraltar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim_Mosque" title="Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque">Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque</a> was a gift from <a href="/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">King Fahd</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gibraltar is one of the most densely populated territories in the world, with a usually-resident population in 2012 of 32,194<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equivalent to approximately 4,959/km<sup>2</sup> (12,840/sq mi). The growing demand for space is being increasingly met by <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>; reclaimed land makes up approximately one-tenth of the territory's total area, but houses over 40% of its population (2012 Census). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian people">Gibraltarian people</a></div> <p>According to the 2012 Gibraltar census, 25,444 people (79.0%) were eligible for "Gibraltarian" status. Of the rest, 4249 (13.2%) were "other British", 675 (2.1%) were Spanish, 522 (1.6%) were Moroccan and 785 (2.4%) had other EU nationalities. There were 519 people (1.6%) with other nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Usually-resident population and persons present in Gibraltar </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Resident Census </th> <th data-sort-type="number">1981<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">1991<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">2001<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">2012<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Gibraltarian</td> <td>74.9%</td> <td>75.0%</td> <td>83.2%</td> <td>79.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>UK and other British</td> <td>14.0%</td> <td>14.3%</td> <td>9.6%</td> <td>13.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moroccan</td> <td>8.1%</td> <td>6.7%</td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other nationalities (*)</td> <td>3.1%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>3.7%</td> <td>6.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spanish</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.19%<sup id="cite_ref-CEN_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other EU</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.0%<sup id="cite_ref-CEN_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1.6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><small>(*) Includes all nationalities different from Gibraltarian, UK and other British and Moroccan.</small></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages of Gibraltar</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of Gibraltar is English and is used by the government and in schools. Most locals are <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">bilingual</a>, also speaking Spanish. However, because of the varied mix of ethnic groups which reside there, other languages are also spoken on the Rock. <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> are spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> community, as are <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> by the Indian community. <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> is spoken by some families of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">Maltese descent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Archer2013_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer2013-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltarians often converse in <i><a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ʎaˈnito]</a></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> unique to Gibraltar. It is based on <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a> with a strong mixture of <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and elements from languages such as Maltese, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genoese_dialect" title="Genoese dialect">Genoese Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a> dialect). Llanito also often involves <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switching</a> to English and Spanish.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The English language is becoming increasingly dominant in Gibraltar, with the younger generation speaking little or no Llanito despite learning Spanish in school.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibraltarians often call themselves <i>Llanitos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellermann2001_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellermann2001-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#AAF"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Percentage of population by religion<sup id="cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;">Percentage</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Roman Catholic</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#00FF00; width:72.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">72.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Church of England </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFFF00; width:7.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#00FFFF; width:7.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other Christian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#1C39BB; width:3.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Muslim</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FF0000; width:3.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Jewish</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#0000FF; width:2.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Hindu</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#800080; width:2.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other/not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#000000; width:1.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div><p> According to the 2012 census, approximately 72.1% of Gibraltarians are <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_the_Crowned" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned">Saint Mary the Crowned</a> is the cathedral church of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gibraltar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar">Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar</a>, and also the oldest Catholic church in the territory. Other Christian denominations include the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (7.7%), whose <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Gibraltar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar">Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a> is the cathedral of the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Gibraltar_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe">Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Methodist_Church" title="Gibraltar Methodist Church">Gibraltar Methodist Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> and independent churches mostly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/House_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="House Church">House Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic movements</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> congregation. Several of these congregations are represented by the Gibraltar Evangelical Alliance. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Gibraltar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar">Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a></figcaption></figure><p> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Ward_(LDS_Church)" title="Ward (LDS Church)">ward</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, and two congregations of <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>. 7.1% advised that they have no religion. </p><p>The third religion in size is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (3.6% of the population). There is also an established <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> population (2%), members of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> and a long-established <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Jewish community</a>, which, at 763 persons, accounts for 2.4% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four functioning <a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues of Gibraltar">Orthodox synagogues in Gibraltar</a> and several kosher establishments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Education in Gibraltar</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Education in Gibraltar</a> generally follows the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">English model</a>, operating within a <a href="/wiki/Three-tier_education" title="Three-tier education">three tier system</a>. Schools in Gibraltar use the <a href="/wiki/Key_Stage" title="Key Stage">Key Stage</a> modular approach to teach the <a href="/wiki/National_Curriculum_(England,_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Curriculum (England, Wales and Northern Ireland)">National Curriculum</a>. Gibraltar has 15 <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">state schools</a>, two private schools and a college of further education, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_College" title="Gibraltar College">Gibraltar College</a>. Government secondary schools are <a href="/wiki/Bayside_Comprehensive_School_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayside Comprehensive School (Gibraltar)">Bayside Comprehensive School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westside_School_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westside School (Gibraltar)">Westside School</a>, both of which are <a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_education" title="Mixed-sex education">coeducational</a>, and Prior Park School Gibraltar is an independent co-ed secondary school.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 March 2015, the government of Gibraltar announced the adoption of the University of Gibraltar Act and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">University of Gibraltar</a> opened in September 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, there were no facilities in Gibraltar for full-time higher education, and consequently, all Gibraltarian students studied elsewhere at <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a> level or its equivalent and also for certain non-degree courses.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2></div> <p>All Gibraltarians are entitled to health care in public <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ward" class="extiw" title="wikt:ward">wards</a> and clinics at <a href="/wiki/St_Bernard%27s_Hospital" title="St Bernard's Hospital">St Bernard's Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary health care</a> centre. All other British citizens are also entitled to free-of-charge treatment on the Rock on presentation of a valid <a href="/wiki/British_passport" title="British passport">British passport</a> during stays of up to 30 days. <a href="/wiki/Dental_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental surgery">Dental treatment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescribed medicines</a> are free of charge for Gibraltarian students, <a href="/wiki/Pensioner" title="Pensioner">pensioners</a> and disabled individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Health_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Health Authority">Gibraltar Health Authority</a>, established under the Medical (Gibraltar Health Authority) Act of 1987<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is funded through the Gibraltar Group Practice Medical Scheme. It employs around 900 people, handling 37,000 <a href="/wiki/Accident_and_emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="Accident and emergency">A&E</a> attendances, 40,000 outpatient appointments, and 90,000 <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">GP</a> visits a year. Some specialist care is provided by visiting consultants and in UK and Spanish hospitals. First-line medical and nursing services are provided at the Primary Care Centre, which has 16 GPs, with more specialised services available at <a href="/wiki/St_Bernard%27s_Hospital" title="St Bernard's Hospital">St Bernard's Hospital</a>, a 210-bed civilian hospital opened in 2005. Psychiatric care is provided by Ocean Views.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of 2012 the authority was responsible for the health of some 27,000 individuals. The GHA and Social Welfare System are closely based upon their British counterparts, namely the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellermann2002_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellermann2002-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2003 the organisation was funded through roughly <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">£</a>19 million (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>27 million) of <a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">social insurance</a> stamp contributions through the Gibraltar Group Practice Medical Scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-Europe_Review_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europe_Review-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014 <a href="/wiki/Egton_Medical_Information_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Egton Medical Information Systems">Egton Medical Information Systems</a> won a contract, worth up to £11.25m over 10 years, to deliver an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_patient_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic patient record">electronic patient record</a> for the health service of Gibraltar including a <a href="/wiki/Patient_administration_system" title="Patient administration system">patient administration system</a>, an emergency department system, e-prescribing and other software from Ascribe, which Emis bought in September 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The A&E unit at St Bernard's Hospital went live on 24 June 2015 using Emis' Symphony and it is planned that primary and community services and the acute hospital will start to use the Ascribe CaMIS patient administration system.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Community Mental Health Team was established in 2017, and in 2018 the Gibraltar Health Authority School of Health Studies introduced a Mental Health Nursing degree to tackle difficulties in recruiting mental health nurses.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar">Culture of Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Tercentenary_flag_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gibraltar_Tercentenary_flag_display.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_Tercentenary_flag_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Gibraltar_Tercentenary_flag_display.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tercentenary" class="mw-redirect" title="Tercentenary">Tercentenary</a> celebrations in Gibraltar</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar">culture of Gibraltar</a> reflects Gibraltarians' diverse origins. While there are Spanish (mostly from nearby <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>) and British influences, the ethnic origins of most Gibraltarians are not confined to these ethnicities. Other ethnicities include <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>. A few other Gibraltar residents are <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Jewish of Sephardic</a> origin, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indians</a>. British influence remains strong, with English being the language of government, commerce, education and the media. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">Gibraltar's first sovereignty referendum</a> is celebrated annually on <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">Gibraltar National Day</a> (10 September). It is a public holiday, during which most Gibraltarians dress in their <a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">national colours</a> of red and white. Until 2016, the tradition had been to also release 30,000 similarly coloured balloons, which represented the people of Gibraltar. However, this tradition has now been ended because of the threat that it poses to wildlife, particularly marine.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 300th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Gibraltar's capture</a> was celebrated in 2004 on Tercentenary Day (4 August), when in recognition of and with thanks for its long association with Gibraltar, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> was given the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_the_City_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of the City of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Freedom of the City of Gibraltar</a> and a human chain of Gibraltarians dressed in red, white and blue, linked hands to encircle the Rock. On 4 June 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Diamond_Jubilee_Flotilla" title="Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla">Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla</a>, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Diamond_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant">Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant</a>, celebrated sixty years of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen</a>'s reign.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a> operates a television and radio station on UHF, VHF and medium-wave. The radio service is also internet-streamed. Special events and the daily news bulletin are streamed in video. The other local radio service is operated by the <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">British Forces Broadcasting Service</a> which also provides a limited cable television network to HM Forces. The largest and most frequently published newspaper is the <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i>, Gibraltar's oldest established daily newspaper and the world's second-oldest English language newspaper to have been in print continuously<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with daily editions six days a week. <i><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(Gibraltar)" title="Panorama (Gibraltar)">Panorama</a></i> is published on weekdays, and <i>7 Days</i>, <i>The New People</i>, and <i>Gibsport</i> are weekly. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_National_Day_027_(9719742224)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gibraltar_National_Day_027_%289719742224%29_%282%29.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_National_Day_027_%289719742224%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gibraltar_National_Day_027_%289719742224%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_National_Day_027_%289719742224%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gibraltar_National_Day_027_%289719742224%29_%282%29.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_National_Day_027_%289719742224%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1969" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption>Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian people">Gibraltarians</a> dress in their national colours of red and white during the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">Gibraltar National Day</a> celebrations.</figcaption></figure> <p>Native Gibraltarians have produced some literature of note. The first in fiction was probably <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Licudi" title="Héctor Licudi">Héctor Licudi</a>'s 1929 novel <i>Barbarita</i>, written in Spanish,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chronicling the largely autobiographical adventures of a young Gibraltarian man. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, several anthologies of poetry were published by <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Sanguinetti" title="Leopoldo Sanguinetti">Leopoldo Sanguinetti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Joseph_Patron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Joseph Patron (page does not exist)">Albert Joseph Patron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Pizzarello" title="Alberto Pizzarello">Alberto Pizzarello</a>. The 1960s were largely dominated by the theatrical works of <a href="/wiki/Elio_Cruz" title="Elio Cruz">Elio Cruz</a> and his two highly acclaimed Spanish language plays <i>La Lola se va pá Londre</i> and <i>Connie con cama camera en el comedor</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 1990s, the Gibraltarian <a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">man-of-letters</a> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Arroyo" title="Mario Arroyo">Mario Arroyo</a> published <i>Profiles</i> (1994), a series of bilingual meditations on love, loneliness and death. <a href="/wiki/Trino_Cruz" title="Trino Cruz">Trino Cruz</a> is a bilingual poet originally writing English but now mainly in Spanish, who also translates <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ElPais_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElPais-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Téllez2013_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Téllez2013-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of late there have been works by the essayist <a href="/wiki/Mary_Chiappe" title="Mary Chiappe">Mary Chiappe</a>, such as her volume of essays <i>Cabbages and Kings</i> (2006) and by <a href="/wiki/M._G._Sanchez" title="M. G. Sanchez">M. G. Sanchez</a>, author of the books <i>Rock Black: Ten Gibraltarian Stories</i> (2008) and <i>Diary of a Victorian Colonial</i> (2009). Mary Chiappe and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Benady" title="Sam Benady">Sam Benady</a> have also published a series of detective books centred on the character of the nineteenth-century Gibraltarian sleuth Bresciano. </p><p>Musicians from Gibraltar include <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ramirez" title="Charles Ramirez">Charles Ramirez</a>, the first guitarist invited to play with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a> Orchestra,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> successful rock bands like <a href="/wiki/Breed_77" title="Breed 77">Breed 77</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melon_Diesel" title="Melon Diesel">Melon Diesel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxi_(Gibraltar_band)" title="Taxi (Gibraltar band)">Taxi</a>, while Gibraltarian bassist Glen Diani played for Irish/British <a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a> group <a href="/wiki/One_Minute_Silence" title="One Minute Silence">One Minute Silence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Hammond" title="Albert Hammond">Albert Hammond</a> had top 10 hits in the UK and US and has written many songs for international artists such as <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian cuisine</a> is the result of a long relationship between the Andalusian Spaniards and the British, as well as the many foreigners who made Gibraltar their home over the past three centuries. The culinary influences include those from Malta, Genoa, Portugal, Andalusia and Britain. This marriage of tastes has given Gibraltar an eclectic mix of Mediterranean and British cuisine, such as <a href="/wiki/Calentita" class="mw-redirect" title="Calentita">calentita</a>, a baked bread-like dish made with <a href="/wiki/Gram_flour" title="Gram flour">chickpea flour</a>, water, olive oil, salt and pepper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Gibraltar_in_popular_culture"></span> </p> <ul><li>The outbreak of yellow fever in 1804 is the subject of <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a>'s 1836 poetical illustration <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Fisher%27s_Drawing_Room_Scrap_Book,_1837/Gibraltar._Scene_During_the_Plague" class="extiw" title="s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837/Gibraltar. Scene During the Plague">"Gibraltar. Scene During the Plague"</a>. to an engraving of a painting by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bentley_(painter)" title="Charles Bentley (painter)">Charles Bentley</a> (<i>Gibraltar from Algexiras</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She published two further poetical illustrations on Gibraltar the following year, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Fisher%27s_Drawing_Room_Scrap_Book,_1838/Gibraltar%E2%80%94from_the_Sea" class="extiw" title="s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838/Gibraltar—from the Sea">"Gibraltar—from the Sea"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Fisher%27s_Drawing_Room_Scrap_Book,_1838/Gibraltar,_from_the_Queen_of_Spain%27s_Chair" class="extiw" title="s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838/Gibraltar, from the Queen of Spain's Chair">"Gibraltar, From the Queen of Spain's Chair"</a>.,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which are again to engravings of paintings by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bentley_(painter)" title="Charles Bentley (painter)">Charles Bentley</a>. All these can be found in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books.</li> <li>The first track in <a href="/wiki/Beirut_(band)" title="Beirut (band)">Beirut</a>'s 2015 album <a href="/wiki/No_No_No_(Beirut_album)" title="No No No (Beirut album)">No No No</a> is named "Gibraltar", and the music video is set in a <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian</a> version of the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> describes a stop at Gibraltar and comments on it in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_Abroad" title="The Innocents Abroad">The Innocents Abroad</a></i>, an account of his pilgrimage to the holy land.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As <a href="/wiki/Molly_Bloom" title="Molly Bloom">Molly Bloom</a> is a native Gibraltarian, references to Gibraltar appear throughout <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> (1922). A sculpture of Molly Bloom as imagined by local artist Jon Searle is on display in the <a href="/wiki/The_Alameda_Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="The Alameda Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Alameda Gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Masters" title="John Masters">John Masters</a>' book <i>The Rock</i> is a collection of short stories set in Gibraltar: ranging from a story set in prehistoric times to one suggesting a possible future for the Rock.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Raymond Benson's James Bond novel <i><a href="/wiki/Doubleshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Doubleshot">Doubleshot</a></i> deals with a fictional plot to forcibly return Gibraltar to Spain. The climax takes place in Gibraltar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 1782, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> composed a <a href="/wiki/Unfinished_work#Classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfinished work">fragment</a> for voice and piano to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Great Siege of Gibraltar</a> titled <i><a href="/wiki/Bardengesang_auf_Gibraltar:_O_Calpe!_Dir_donnert%27s_am_Fusse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardengesang auf Gibraltar: O Calpe! Dir donnert's am Fusse">Bardengesang auf Gibraltar: O Calpe! Dir donnert's am Fusse</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Enemy_(1958_film)" title="The Silent Enemy (1958 film)">The Silent Enemy</a></i> was filmed on location in Gibraltar in 1958. It is a dramatisation of the period during the Second World War when <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Crabb" title="Lionel Crabb">Lionel "Buster" Crabb</a> served as a mine and disposal officer in Gibraltar while frogmen of the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Italian Navy</a>'s Tenth Light Flotilla were sinking vital shipping.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> song <a href="/wiki/Ballad_of_John_and_Yoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballad of John and Yoko">The Ballad of John and Yoko</a> (1969) features the line "You can get married in Gibraltar near Spain", in reference to musician <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon's</a> famous marriage to artist <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> within the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The game <a href="/wiki/Overwatch" title="Overwatch">Overwatch</a> contains a map named "Watchpoint: Gibraltar" which is set on the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> song <a href="/wiki/Diamonds_from_Sierra_Leone_(Remix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamonds from Sierra Leone (Remix)">Diamonds from Sierra Leone (Remix)</a> features the line "How could you falter when you're the rock of Gibraltar?".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Gibraltar" title="Sport in Gibraltar">Sport in Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_starting_XI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1969" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_football_team" title="Gibraltar national football team">Gibraltar national football team</a> lining up in their first official match, against <a href="/wiki/Slovakia_national_football_team" title="Slovakia national football team">Slovakia</a>, in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Gibraltar" title="Football in Gibraltar">Football</a> is a popular sport in Gibraltar. The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Football_Association" title="Gibraltar Football Association">Gibraltar Football Association</a> applied for full membership of <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a>, but their bid was turned down in 2007 in a contentious decision.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Sport_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Sport-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibraltar was confirmed as UEFA's 54th member on 24 May 2013 as a result of <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Arbitration_for_Sport" title="Court of Arbitration for Sport">Court of Arbitration for Sport</a> (CAS) arbitration and played in <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016" title="UEFA Euro 2016">Euro 2016</a> qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first match was a 0–0 draw against Slovakia. Gibraltar's national team won its first-ever match in UEFA competition on 13 October 2018, beating Armenia in the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_UEFA_Nations_League_D" title="2018–19 UEFA Nations League D">2018–19 UEFA Nations League D</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, Gibraltar applied for FIFA membership but this bid was also turned down. On 2 May 2016, the CAS upheld the appeal filed by the Gibraltar Football Association regarding its request to become a full-time member of FIFA. CAS ordered FIFA to stop blocking Gibraltar's application for membership and allow it "without delay".<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Gibraltar" title="Rugby union in Gibraltar">Rugby union</a> is fairly popular and one of the fastest-growing team sports. <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Gibraltar Rugby Football Union">Gibraltar Rugby Football Union</a> applied for membership of Europe's governing body for rugby. Gibraltar is believed to be the birthplace of the rugby variant <a href="/wiki/Tag_Rugby" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Rugby">Tag Rugby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communications">Communications</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Gibraltar" title="Communications in Gibraltar">Communications in Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telex1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Telex1.jpg/220px-Telex1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Telex1.jpg/330px-Telex1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Telex1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>A plaque in City Mill Lane marking the site of Gibraltar's first telephone exchange</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg/170px-Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg/255px-Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg/340px-Victorian_Post_Box_of_1887_in_use_at_Gibraltar_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>A Victorian post box of standard 1887 UK design in use in Gibraltar's Main Street (2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>Gibraltar has a digital <a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">telephone exchange</a> supported by a <a href="/wiki/Optical_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fibre">fibre optic</a> and copper infrastructure; the telephone operator <a href="/wiki/Gibtelecom" title="Gibtelecom">Gibtelecom</a> also operates a <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> network. Internet connectivity is available across the fixed network. Gibraltar's top-level domain code is <a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_Direct_Dialling" class="mw-redirect" title="International Direct Dialling">International Direct Dialling</a> (IDD) is provided, and Gibraltar was allocated the access code <a href="/wiki/%2B350" class="mw-redirect" title="+350">+350</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>. This has been finally accepted by Spain since 10 February 2007, when the <a href="/wiki/Telecom_dispute_between_Gibraltar_and_Spain" title="Telecom dispute between Gibraltar and Spain">telecom dispute</a> was resolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gibraltar" title="Transport in Gibraltar">Transport in Gibraltar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg/170px-Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg/255px-Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg/340px-Gibraltar_Cable_Car_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cable_Car" title="Gibraltar Cable Car">Gibraltar Cable Car</a> runs from outside the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" title="Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Gibraltar Botanic Gardens</a> to the top of the Rock, with an intermediate station at Apes' Den.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3></div> <p>Within Gibraltar, the main form of transport is the car. <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">Motorcycles</a> are also very popular and there is a good modern bus service. Unlike in the UK and other British territories, traffic <a href="/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Right- and left-hand traffic">drives on the right</a> and speed limits are in km/h, as the territory shares a land border with Spain. The <a href="/wiki/European_route_E15" title="European route E15">E15</a> route connecting with Spain, France, England and Scotland is accessible from the Spanish side using the <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_CA-34" title="Autovía CA-34">CA-34</a> <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía">autovía</a>. </p><p>Restrictions on transport introduced by Spanish dictator <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> closed the land frontier in 1969 and also prohibited any air or ferry connections. In 1982, the land border was reopened. As the result of an agreement signed in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> on 18 September 2006 between Gibraltar, the United Kingdom and Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-cordoba_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cordoba-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Spanish government agreed to relax <a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">border controls</a> at the frontier that have plagued locals for decades; in return, Britain paid increased pensions to Spanish workers who lost their jobs when Franco closed the border.<sup id="cite_ref-pensions_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pensions-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telecommunication restrictions were lifted in February 2007 and air links with Spain were restored in December 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-airport_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-airport-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Motorists and pedestrians crossing the border with Spain are occasionally subjected to very long delays.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain has occasionally closed the border during disputes or incidents involving the Gibraltar authorities, such as the <a href="/wiki/MV_Aurora_(2000)#Norovirus_breakout" title="MV Aurora (2000)"><i>Aurora</i> cruise ship incident</a><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when fishermen from the Spanish fishing vessel <i>Piraña</i> were arrested for <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">illegal fishing</a> in Gibraltar waters.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Gibraltar International Airport</a></div> <p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Gibraltar maintains regular flight connections with London (Heathrow, Gatwick & Luton), <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> in the UK, and with <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is via the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s military aerodrome in Gibraltar, which also serves as <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">the territory's civilian airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/GB_Airways" title="GB Airways">GB Airways</a> operated a service between Gibraltar and London and other cities for many years. The airline initially flew under the name "Gibraltar Airways". In 1989, and in anticipation of service to cities outside the UK, Gibraltar Airways changed its name to GB Airways with the belief that a new name would incur fewer political problems. As a franchise, the airline operated flights in full <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> livery. In 2007, GB Airways was purchased by <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">easyJet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which began operating flights under their name in April 2008 when British Airways re-introduced flights to Gibraltar under their name. EasyJet have since added <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Airport" title="Bristol Airport">Bristol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester</a> and also operated flights to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Airport">Liverpool</a> between 2011 and 2012. Until entering administration in October 2017, <a href="/wiki/Monarch_Airlines" title="Monarch Airlines">Monarch Airlines</a> operated the largest number of flights between the United Kingdom and Gibraltar, with scheduled services between Gibraltar and <a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">Luton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">London Gatwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester</a>. The Spanish <a href="/wiki/National_airline" class="mw-redirect" title="National airline">national airline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberia_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia Airlines">Iberia</a>, operated a daily service to <a href="/wiki/Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Barajas Airport">Madrid</a> which ceased for lack of demand. In May 2009, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ndalus_L%C3%ADneas_A%C3%A9reas" title="Ándalus Líneas Aéreas">Ándalus Líneas Aéreas</a> opened a Spanish service,<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also ceased operations in March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An annual return <a href="/wiki/Charter_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter flight">charter flight</a> to <a href="/wiki/Malta_International_Airport" title="Malta International Airport">Malta</a> is operated by <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Maltese</a> national airline, <a href="/wiki/Air_Malta" title="Air Malta">Air Malta</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_Airport_main_runway_with_4-lane_road_crossing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption>The main road that crosses Gibraltar Airport</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg/220px-Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg/330px-Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg/440px-Gibraltar_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The new terminal at Gibraltar Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Airport">Gibraltar International Airport</a> is unusual not only because of its proximity to the city centre resulting in the airport terminal being within walking distance of much of Gibraltar but also because the runway intersects <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Avenue,_Gibraltar" title="Winston Churchill Avenue, Gibraltar">Winston Churchill Avenue</a>, formerly the main road into Spain, requiring movable barricades to close when aircraft land or depart. New roads and a tunnel, ending the need to stop road traffic when aircraft use the runway, were planned to coincide with the building of a new <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport#New_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Airport">airport terminal building</a> with an originally estimated completion date of 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-pressnote_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pressnote-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although delays pushed back its official opening until 31 March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new road and tunnel is named Kingsway with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and passes under the terminal and the eastern edge of the runway before connecting with <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Tower_Road" title="Devil's Tower Road">Devil's Tower Road</a>. Runway access is now closed to everyday road traffic but is still available for exceptional, specific, or emergency use as well as pedestrians, cyclists and mobility scooters although an alternative subway is provided.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most popular alternative airport for Gibraltar is <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_Airport" title="Málaga Airport">Málaga Airport</a> in Spain, some 120 km (75 mi) to the east, which offers a wide range of destinations, second to <a href="/wiki/Jerez_Airport" title="Jerez Airport">Jerez Airport</a> which is closer to Gibraltar. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Heliport" title="Algeciras Heliport">Algeciras Heliport</a> across the bay offers scheduled services to <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg/220px-Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg/330px-Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg/440px-Europa_Point_Lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3114" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Europa_Point_Lighthouse" title="Europa Point Lighthouse">Europa Point Lighthouse</a>, located at the southernmost tip of the Gibraltar peninsula</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cruise_Terminal" title="Gibraltar Cruise Terminal">Gibraltar Cruise Terminal</a> receives a large number of visits from <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> is one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world. </p><p>Passenger and cargo ships anchor in the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Harbour">Gibraltar Harbour</a>. Also, a ferry links Gibraltar with <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a> in Morocco. The ferry between Gibraltar and <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a>, which had been halted in 1969 when Franco severed communications with Gibraltar, was reopened on 16 December 2009, served by the Spanish company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transcoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transcoma (page does not exist)">Transcoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A vehicle ramp at the western end of the North Mole allows vehicles to be unloaded from a <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">RORO</a> ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferries by FRS running twice a week from Gibraltar to <a href="/wiki/Tanger-Med" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanger-Med">Tanger-Med</a> port provide access to the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Morocco" title="Rail transport in Morocco">Moroccan railway</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <p>Nothing remains of the two <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gibraltar#Rail" title="Transport in Gibraltar">former railway systems</a> within Gibraltar. </p><p>On the Spanish side of the border, railway track extends to the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea</a> from an <a href="/wiki/San_Roque-La_L%C3%ADnea_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="San Roque-La Línea railway">aborted rail expansion project in the 1970s</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the closest operational railway station in Spain is <a href="/wiki/San_Roque_station" class="mw-redirect" title="San Roque station">San Roque station</a>, accessible via buses from <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_supply_and_sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Gibraltar" title="Water supply and sanitation in Gibraltar">Water supply and sanitation in Gibraltar</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">Water supply</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> in Gibraltar have been major concerns for its inhabitants throughout its history. There are no rivers, streams, or large bodies of water on the peninsula. Gibraltar's water supply was formerly provided by a combination of an aqueduct, wells, and the use of cisterns, barrels and earthenware pots to capture rainwater. This became increasingly inadequate as Gibraltar's population grew in the 18th and 19th centuries and lethal diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> began to spread. In the late 19th century, a Sanitary Commission instigated major improvements which saw the introduction of large-scale desalination and the use of giant water catchments covering over 2.5 million square feet (nearly 250,000 m<sup>2</sup>). Today Gibraltar's supply of drinking water comes entirely from <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a>, with a separate supply of saltwater for sanitary purposes. Both supplies are delivered from huge underground reservoirs excavated under the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Police">Police</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Defence_Police" title="Gibraltar Defence Police">Gibraltar Defence Police</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG/220px-RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG/330px-RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG/440px-RGP_Patrol_Car.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Royal Gibraltar Police car, 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K20P1600.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/K20P1600.JPG/220px-K20P1600.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/K20P1600.JPG/330px-K20P1600.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/K20P1600.JPG/440px-K20P1600.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a>, Marine Section</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a> (RGP), <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Defence_Police" title="Gibraltar Defence Police">Gibraltar Defence Police</a> (GDP) and <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Customs_(Gibraltar)" title="His Majesty's Customs (Gibraltar)">His Majesty's Customs (Gibraltar)</a> are Gibraltar's principal civilian <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency">law enforcement agencies</a>. Outside the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the RGP is the oldest police force of the former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, formed shortly after the creation of London's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> in 1829 when Gibraltar was declared a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> on 25 June 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general, the Gibraltar force follows British police models in its dress and its mostly male constables and sergeants on foot patrol wear the traditional <a href="/wiki/Custodian_helmet" title="Custodian helmet">custodian helmet</a>, the headgear of the British "bobby on the beat". The helmet is traditionally made of cork covered outside by felt or <a href="/wiki/Serge_(fabric)" title="Serge (fabric)">serge</a>-like material that matches the tunic. The vehicles also appear virtually identical to typical UK police vehicles, but are <a href="/wiki/Left_hand_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Left hand drive">left hand drive</a>. </p><p>The force, whose name received the prefix "Royal" in 1992, numbers over 220 officers divided into a number of units.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department" title="Criminal Investigation Department">CID</a>, drug squad, <a href="/wiki/Special_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Special branch">special branch</a>, firearms, <a href="/wiki/Scenes_of_Crime_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenes of Crime Officer">scene of crime examiners</a>, traffic, marine and operations units, sections or departments. </p><p>On 24 September 2015, the Freedom of the City of Gibraltar was conferred upon the RGP by the Mayor, Adolfo Canepa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h2></div> <p>The defence of Gibraltar, as a British territory, is the responsibility of the <i>national</i> (<i>i.e.</i>, British) government, with its tri-services <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a>: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a> provides the army garrison with a detachment of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Tower_Camp" title="Devil's Tower Camp">Devil's Tower Camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment was originally a part-time reserve force until the British Army placed it on a permanent footing in 1990. The regiment includes full-time and part-time soldiers recruited from Gibraltar as well as British Army regulars posted from other regiments.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> maintains a <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Squadron" title="Gibraltar Squadron">squadron of several patrol vessels and craft</a> at the Rock. The squadron is responsible for the security and integrity of British Gibraltar Territorial Waters (BGTW). The shore establishment at Gibraltar is called <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rooke" title="HMS Rooke">HMS <i>Rooke</i></a> after <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Rooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Rooke">Sir George Rooke</a>, who captured the Rock for <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Archduke Charles</a> (pretender to the Spanish throne) in 1704. The naval air base was named HMS <i>Cormorant.</i> Gibraltar's strategic position provides an important facility for the Royal Navy and Britain's allies. British and US nuclear submarines frequently visit the <i>Z berths</i> at Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Berth_(moorings)" title="Berth (moorings)">Z berth</a> provides the facility for nuclear submarines to visit for operational or recreational purposes and for non-nuclear repairs. During the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, an Argentine plan to attack British shipping in the harbour using frogmen (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Algeciras" title="Operation Algeciras">Operation Algeciras</a>) was foiled.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The naval base also played a part in supporting the task force sent by Britain to recover the Falklands.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> station at Gibraltar forms part of Headquarters British Forces Gibraltar. Although aircraft are no longer permanently stationed at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Gibraltar" title="RAF Gibraltar">RAF Gibraltar</a>, a variety of RAF aircraft make regular visits and the airfield also houses a section from the <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Air_Cadets" title="Gibraltar Air Cadets">Gibraltar Air Cadets</a> is an active squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In January 2007, the Ministry of Defence announced that the private company <a href="/wiki/Serco" title="Serco">Serco</a> would provide services to the base. The announcement resulted in the affected trade unions striking.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gibraltar has an important role in <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">UKSIGINT</a> and provides a vital strategic part of the United Kingdom communications gathering and monitoring network in the Mediterranean and North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Merlin HC3 of 846 NAS with HMS Scimitar"><img alt="Merlin HC3 of 846 NAS with HMS Scimitar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg/120px-Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg/180px-Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg/240px-Merlin_Mk3s_prove_their_mettle_in_day-long_Gibraltar_transit_MOD_45160593.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW101#Royal_Navy" title="AgustaWestland AW101">Merlin HC3</a> of <a href="/wiki/846_NAS" class="mw-redirect" title="846 NAS">846 NAS</a> with <a href="/wiki/HMS_Scimitar_(P284)" title="HMS Scimitar (P284)">HMS <i>Scimitar</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_navy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Royal Navy's base in Gibraltar"><img alt="The Royal Navy's base in Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gibraltar_navy.jpg/150px-Gibraltar_navy.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gibraltar_navy.jpg/225px-Gibraltar_navy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gibraltar_navy.jpg/300px-Gibraltar_navy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2628" data-file-height="1971" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s base in Gibraltar</div> </li> </ul> <p>Historically, Gibraltar was one of four <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortress</a> colonies, along with <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2></div> <p>Gibraltar has one <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a>, as designated by <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities International</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2></div> <p>The following people, military units, and Groups have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Bacarisas" title="Gustavo Bacarisas">Gustavo Bacarisas</a>: 3 October 1962.</li> <li>James John Joseph Giraldi: 12 August 1982.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hassan" title="Joshua Hassan">Sir Joshua Abraham Hassan</a>: 11 December 1996.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peliza" title="Robert Peliza">Sir Robert Peliza</a>: 7 May 1998.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Patrick_Devlin" title="Bernard Patrick Devlin">Bernard Patrick Devlin</a>: 3 June 1999.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Merrivale" title="Baron Merrivale">3rd Baron Merrivale</a>: 18 October 2001.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Lord Hoyle of Warrington</a>: 9 September 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bethell,_4th_Baron_Bethell" title="Nicholas Bethell, 4th Baron Bethell">Nicholas Bethell, 4th Baron Bethell</a>: 9 September 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancram" title="Michael Ancram">Michael Ancram</a>, 13th Marquess of Lothian: 1 February 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_MacKinlay" title="Andrew MacKinlay">Andrew Stuart MacKinlay</a>: 1 February 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiane_Aldorino" title="Kaiane Aldorino">Kaiane Aldorino</a>: 15 September 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greville_Janner" title="Greville Janner">Lord Janner of Braunstone</a>: 22 March 2012.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Sir Graham Watson</a>: 10 September 2014.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Hook" title="Christian Hook">Christian Hook</a>: 2 June 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bossano" title="Joe Bossano">Sir Joseph John Bossano</a>: 10 September 2019.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Canepa" title="Adolfo Canepa">Adolfo Canepa</a>: 25 May 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a>: 25 September 1971.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Corps of Royal Engineers</a>: 6 March 1972.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Regiment of Artillery</a>: 29 April 1981.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Calpe" title="HMS Calpe">HMS Calpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 27 April 1991.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>: 28 October 1996.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>: 4 August 2004.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a>: 26 September 2015.</li> <li>1st Battalion The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a>: 26 November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gibraltar" title="RAF Gibraltar">RAF Gibraltar</a>: 2 April 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_groups">Organisations and groups</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Christian_Brothers" title="Congregation of Christian Brothers">Congregation of Christian Brothers</a>: 2 July 1977.</li> <li>The All Party British Gibraltar Group in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>: 23 October 1982.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Loreto" title="Sisters of Loreto">The Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a>: 13 December 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scout_Association" title="The Scout Association">The Scout Association</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Gibraltar" title="Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar">Gibraltar Branch</a>): 2 October 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Gibraltar" title="Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar">Girlguiding Gibraltar</a>: 8 June 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a> Gibraltar: 24 October 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/48px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/64px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar">Gibraltar portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1943_Gibraltar_B-24_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash">1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Gibraltar" title="Attorney General of Gibraltar">Attorney General of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Justice of Gibraltar">Chief Justice of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gibraltarians" title="List of Gibraltarians">List of Gibraltarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Gibraltar" title="Outline of Gibraltar">Outline of Gibraltar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibraltar's status as a British territory is disputed by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> regards it as a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">Non-Self-Governing Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An ICAO indicator is a unique identifying 4-letter identifier, assigned to airports and airfields. As of September 2018, there were 22,503 ICAO indicator assignments in current use</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A WMO identifier is a unique 5-digit numeric code to identify a land weather station. As of September 2018 there were 18,762 WMO identifier assignments in current use.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Above mean sea level.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite several sites reporting that tag rugby was invented by Perry Haddock in Australia around 1990 (this is OzTag, a variant of Tag Rugby), Godwin's wrote about the topic seven years prior. Godwin does not mention when the sport began in Gibraltar, but he does explicitly use the term "Tag Rugby" to describe the game.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113200625/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols">"National Symbols"</a>. Gibraltar.gov.gi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols">the original</a> on 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Symbols&rft.pub=Gibraltar.gov.gi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fnational-symbols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/investiture-of-ms-carmen-gomez-gmd-as-gibraltars-mayor-3422023-8906">"Investiture of Ms Carmen Gomez GMD as Gibraltar's Mayor - 342/2023"</a>. 30 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Investiture+of+Ms+Carmen+Gomez+GMD+as+Gibraltar%27s+Mayor+-+342%2F2023&rft.date=2023-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fpress-releases%2Finvestiture-of-ms-carmen-gomez-gmd-as-gibraltars-mayor-3422023-8906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibraltar.gov.gi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibraltar.gov.gi_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/statistics/key-indicators">"Gibraltar - Key Indicators"</a>. <i>Gibraltar.gov.gi</i>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United Nations. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120224635/https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/gaspd608.doc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fourth+Committee+Hears+Petitioners+from+Non-Self-Governing+Territories%2C+Including+French+Polynesia%2C+New+Caledonia%2C+Gibraltar&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2016%2Fgaspd608.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/28/better-late-than-never-gibraltar-becomes-city-after-180-year-delay">"Better late than never: Gibraltar 'becomes' city after 180-year delay"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 28 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828222257/https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/28/better-late-than-never-gibraltar-becomes-city-after-180-year-delay">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Better+late+than+never%3A+Gibraltar+%27becomes%27+city+after+180-year+delay&rft.date=2022-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Faug%2F28%2Fbetter-late-than-never-gibraltar-becomes-city-after-180-year-delay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053524/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Gibraltar">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/TheFreeDictionary.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheFreeDictionary.com">The Free Dictionary</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426183430/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Gibraltar">Archived</a> 26 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Office2009" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Office (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033409/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf">"Abstract of Statistics 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abstract+of+Statistics+2009&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FPDF%2Fstatistics%2F2009%2FAbstract%2520of%2520Statistics%2520Report%25202009%2520Website.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span> <i>The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included.</i><br />In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native-born citizens, 3,129 UK British citizens and 2,395 others, making a total population of 29,431. On census night, there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bfpg.co.uk/2016/11/brexit-makes-gibraltar-even-more-important-to-the-uk/">"Brexit makes Gibraltar even more important to the UK"</a>. <i>British Foreign Policy Group</i>. 24 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194836/http://bfpg.co.uk/2016/11/brexit-makes-gibraltar-even-more-important-to-the-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Foreign+Policy+Group&rft.atitle=Brexit+makes+Gibraltar+even+more+important+to+the+UK&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbfpg.co.uk%2F2016%2F11%2Fbrexit-makes-gibraltar-even-more-important-to-the-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/5878914/Gibraltar-what-is-at-stake.html">"Gibraltar: what is at stake?"</a></span>. <i>Telegraph</i>. 21 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/5878914/Gibraltar-what-is-at-stake.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gibraltar%3A+what+is+at+stake%3F&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fspain%2F5878914%2FGibraltar-what-is-at-stake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityam.com/228586/inside-rock">"Inside the rock: Gibraltar's strategic and military importance is complemented by financial and gaming leadership"</a>. <i>City AM</i>. 12 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194818/http://www.cityam.com/228586/inside-rock">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+AM&rft.atitle=Inside+the+rock%3A+Gibraltar%27s+strategic+and+military+importance+is+complemented+by+financial+and+gaming+leadership&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityam.com%2F228586%2Finside-rock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maec-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maec_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx">Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar</a>, Spanish Foreign Ministry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325220954/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx">Archived</a> 25 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Portal/en/PoliticaExteriorCooperacion/Gibraltar/Paginas/Historia.aspx">"History and Legal Aspects of the Dispute"</a>. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213012303/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Portal/en/PoliticaExteriorCooperacion/Gibraltar/Paginas/Historia.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+and+Legal+Aspects+of+the+Dispute&rft.pub=The+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+European+Union+and+Cooperation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exteriores.gob.es%2FPortal%2Fen%2FPoliticaExteriorCooperacion%2FGibraltar%2FPaginas%2FHistoria.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaly2002" class="citation news cs1">Daly, Emma (8 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/11/08/gibraltar-votes-to-remain-british/aa4f79c0-ddb6-4141-ae3c-cf2f2523909d/?pagewanted=1">"Gibraltar Votes to Remain British"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+Votes+to+Remain+British&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2002%2F11%2F08%2Fgibraltar-votes-to-remain-british%2Faa4f79c0-ddb6-4141-ae3c-cf2f2523909d%2F%3Fpagewanted%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hills-13-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hills-13_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hills-13_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hills-13_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hills" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Hills_(historian)" title="George Hills (historian)">Hills, George</a> (1974). <i>Rock of Contention: A history of Gibraltar</i>. London: Robert Hale & Company. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7091-4352-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7091-4352-4"><bdi>0-7091-4352-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+of+Contention%3A+A+history+of+Gibraltar&rft.place=London&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Robert+Hale+%26+Company&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-7091-4352-4&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levey2008-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levey2008_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Levey2008" class="citation book cs1">David Levey (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VKW6uqxsj4YC"><i>Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-1862-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-1862-9"><bdi>978-90-272-1862-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Change+and+Variation+in+Gibraltar&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2008-01&rft.isbn=978-90-272-1862-9&rft.au=David+Levey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVKW6uqxsj4YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/uploads/statistics/2022/Reports/Employment%20Survey%20Report%202022.pdf">"Employment Survey 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Gibraltar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Employment+Survey+2022&rft.pub=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fuploads%2Fstatistics%2F2022%2FReports%2FEmployment%2520Survey%2520Report%25202022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.gi/govts-stark-analysis-highlights-brexit-border-challenge/">"Govt's stark analysis highlights Brexit border challenge"</a>. Gibraltar Chronicle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Govt%27s+stark+analysis+highlights+Brexit+border+challenge&rft.pub=Gibraltar+Chronicle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.gi%2Fgovts-stark-analysis-highlights-brexit-border-challenge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavinesh_KumarStauvermannPate2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ravinesh Kumar, Ronald; Stauvermann, Peter Josef; Pate, Arvind (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.usp.ac.fj/8653/1/Gibraltar.pdf">"Nexus between electricity consumption and economic growth: a study of Gibraltar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Economic Change and Restructuring</i>. <b>48</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>: 120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10644-014-9156-0">10.1007/s10644-014-9156-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-9414">1573-9414</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254472584">254472584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Change+and+Restructuring&rft.atitle=Nexus+between+electricity+consumption+and+economic+growth%3A+a+study+of+Gibraltar&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=120&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254472584%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-9414&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10644-014-9156-0&rft.aulast=Ravinesh+Kumar&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Stauvermann%2C+Peter+Josef&rft.au=Pate%2C+Arvind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.usp.ac.fj%2F8653%2F1%2FGibraltar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibStatement-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GibStatement_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GibStatement_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GibStatement_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GibStatement_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GibStatement_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/chief-ministers-statement-the-new-years-eve-in-principle-agreement-a-post-brexit-deal-for-gibraltar-9462020-6542">"Chief Minister's Statement – The New Year's Eve 'In-Principle' Agreement: A Post Brexit Deal for Gibraltar - 946/2020"</a>. <i>Government of Gibraltar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201231165915/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/chief-ministers-statement-the-new-years-eve-in-principle-agreement-a-post-brexit-deal-for-gibraltar-9462020-6542">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.atitle=Chief+Minister%27s+Statement+%E2%80%93+The+New+Year%27s+Eve+%27In-Principle%27+Agreement%3A+A+Post+Brexit+Deal+for+Gibraltar+-+946%2F2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fpress-releases%2Fchief-ministers-statement-the-new-years-eve-in-principle-agreement-a-post-brexit-deal-for-gibraltar-9462020-6542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT240323-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FT240323_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FT240323_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJopsonBoundsCameron-Chileshe2023" class="citation news cs1">Jopson, Barney; Bounds, Andy; Cameron-Chileshe, Jasmine (24 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/358e382d-ba54-46d0-8b34-22910dbe7cec">"Passport rift between UK and Spain leaves Gibraltar in limbo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Passport+rift+between+UK+and+Spain+leaves+Gibraltar+in+limbo&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft.aulast=Jopson&rft.aufirst=Barney&rft.au=Bounds%2C+Andy&rft.au=Cameron-Chileshe%2C+Jasmine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F358e382d-ba54-46d0-8b34-22910dbe7cec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WattCachia2007-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WattCachia2007_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Montgomery_WattPierre_Cachia2007" class="citation book cs1">W. Montgomery Watt; Pierre Cachia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XJwPXKcyzbIC&pg=PA8"><i>A History of Islamic Spain</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-202-30936-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-202-30936-1"><bdi>978-0-202-30936-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306051759/https://books.google.com/books?id=XJwPXKcyzbIC&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Spain&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-202-30936-1&rft.au=W.+Montgomery+Watt&rft.au=Pierre+Cachia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXJwPXKcyzbIC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi2006" class="citation news cs1">Choi, Charles (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14817677">"Gibraltar"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009232610/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/14817677/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Gibraltar&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna14817677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlaysonBartonStringer2001" class="citation book cs1">Finlayson, J. C.; Barton, R. N. E.; Stringer, C. B. (2001). "The Gibraltar Neanderthals and their Extinction". <i>Les Premiers Hommes Modernes de la Peninsule Iberique. Actes du Colloque de la Commission VIII de l'UISPP</i>. Lisbon: Instituto Português de Arqueologia. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-972-8662-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-972-8662-00-4"><bdi>978-972-8662-00-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gibraltar+Neanderthals+and+their+Extinction&rft.btitle=Les+Premiers+Hommes+Modernes+de+la+Peninsule+Iberique.+Actes+du+Colloque+de+la+Commission+VIII+de+l%27UISPP&rft.place=Lisbon&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Instituto+Portugu%C3%AAs+de+Arqueologia&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-972-8662-00-4&rft.aulast=Finlayson&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft.au=Barton%2C+R.+N.+E.&rft.au=Stringer%2C+C.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devenish, David (2003). Gibraltar before the British. London: Unpublished proof copy held by the British Library. OCLC 499242153. p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Devenish">Devenish</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Parcerisa">Padró i Parcerisa</a>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hills">Hills</a>, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson22-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson22_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson">Jackson</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Shields">Shields</a>, p. ix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hills">Hills</a>, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson21–5-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson21–5_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson">Jackson</a>, pp. 21–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norris-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norris_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris1961" class="citation journal cs1">Norris, H.T. 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"The Early Islamic Settlement in Gibraltar". <i>Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>91</b> (1): 39–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2844467">10.2307/2844467</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2844467">2844467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Early+Islamic+Settlement+in+Gibraltar&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-51&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2844467&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2844467%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=H.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGómez_de_Avellaneda_Sabio2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gómez de Avellaneda Sabio, Carlos (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://institutoecg.es/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/07-avellaneda-26sept.pdf">"Gibraltar, causa de la destrucción de Algeciras en el siglo XIV y la verdadera fecha de esta"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Almoraima. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mocavo&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Gibraltar+and+of+Its+Political+Relation+to+Events+in+Europe%2C+From+the+Commencement+of+the+Moorish+Dynasty+in+Spain+to+the+Last+Morocco+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mocavo.com%2FThe-History-of-Gibraltar-and-of-Its-Political-Relation-to-Events-in-Europe-From-the-Commencement-of-the-Moorish-Dynasty-in-Spain-to-the-Last-Morocco-War%2F102876%2F84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice_Harvey1996" class="citation book cs1">Maurice Harvey (1996). <i>Gibraltar. A History</i>. Spellmount Limited. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-103-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86227-103-8"><bdi>1-86227-103-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gibraltar.+A+History&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Spellmount+Limited&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-86227-103-8&rft.au=Maurice+Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamelas_Oladán1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lamelas Oladán, Diego (1 April 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504142041/http://mancomunidadcg.org/IECG/doc/revistas/Almoraima%203%20Suplemento%20Compra%20Gibraltar-Capitulo%203.pdf">"Asentamiento en Gibraltar en 1474 y expulsión en 1476"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Almoraima. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Almoraima.+Revista+de+Estudios+Campogibraltare%C3%B1os&rft.atitle=Asentamiento+en+Gibraltar+en+1474+y+expulsi%C3%B3n+en+1476&rft.issue=3+%28Suplemento+%27La+compra+de+Gibraltar+por+los+conversos+andaluces+%281474%E2%80%931476%29%27%29&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1990-04-01&rft.aulast=Lamelas+Olad%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmancomunidadcg.org%2FIECG%2Fdoc%2Frevistas%2FAlmoraima%25203%2520Suplemento%2520Compra%2520Gibraltar-Capitulo%25203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice_Harvey1996" class="citation book cs1">Maurice Harvey (1996). <i>Gibraltar. A History</i>. Spellmount Limited. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-103-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86227-103-8"><bdi>1-86227-103-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gibraltar.+A+History&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Spellmount+Limited&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-86227-103-8&rft.au=Maurice+Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-At_an_architectural_crossroads-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-At_an_architectural_crossroads_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At_an_architectural_crossroads_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/gibraltar/newstatesman-gibraltar/2015/03/architectural-crossroads">"At an architectural crossroads"</a>. <i>The New Statesman</i>. 25 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826054721/https://www.newstatesman.com/gibraltar/newstatesman-gibraltar/2015/03/architectural-crossroads">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Statesman&rft.atitle=At+an+architectural+crossroads&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fgibraltar%2Fnewstatesman-gibraltar%2F2015%2F03%2Farchitectural-crossroads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacFarlane1891" class="citation book cs1">MacFarlane, Thomas (1891). <i>Within the Empire; An Essay on Imperial Federation</i>. Ottawa: James Hope & Co., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. p. 29. <q>Besides the Imperial fortress of Malta, Gibraltar, Halifax and Bermuda it has to maintain and arm coaling stations and forts at Siena Leone, St. Helena, Simons Bay (at the Cape of Good Hope), Trincomalee, Jamaica and Port Castries (in the island of Santa Lucia).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Within+the+Empire%3B+An+Essay+on+Imperial+Federation&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=James+Hope+%26+Co.%2C+Ottawa%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=MacFarlane&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstantine2009" class="citation book cs1">Constantine, Stephen (2009). <i>Community and identity. The making of modern Gibraltar since 1704</i>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-8054-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-8054-8"><bdi>978-0-7190-8054-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Community+and+identity.+The+making+of+modern+Gibraltar+since+1704&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-8054-8&rft.aulast=Constantine&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson" class="citation book cs1">William Godfrey Fothergill Jackson (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zmKTPwAACAAJ"><i>The Rock of the Gibraltarians: A History of Gibraltar</i></a>. Gibraltar Books. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-948466-14-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-948466-14-4"><bdi>978-0-948466-14-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rock+of+the+Gibraltarians%3A+A+History+of+Gibraltar&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Gibraltar+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-948466-14-4&rft.au=William+Godfrey+Fothergill+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzmKTPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordine2009-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jordine2009_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelissa_R._Jordine2009" class="citation book cs1">Melissa R. Jordine (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dyh8Lt4K9poC&pg=PA112"><i>The Dispute Over Gibraltar</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 112–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2139-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2139-0"><bdi>978-1-4381-2139-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306051759/https://books.google.com/books?id=dyh8Lt4K9poC&pg=PA112">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dispute+Over+Gibraltar&rft.pages=112-&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2139-0&rft.au=Melissa+R.+Jordine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddyh8Lt4K9poC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/3851047.stm">"Regions and territories: Gibraltar"</a>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104200451/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/3851047.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regions+and+territories%3A+Gibraltar&rft.date=2007-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2Fcountry_profiles%2F3851047.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_OliverSally_BoltonJon_DennisMatthew_Tempest2004" class="citation news cs1">Mark Oliver; Sally Bolton; Jon Dennis; Matthew Tempest (4 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/gibraltar/story/0,,634007,00.html">"Gibraltar"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729190639/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/aug/04/qanda.foreignpolicy">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gibraltar&rft.date=2004-08-04&rft.au=Mark+Oliver&rft.au=Sally+Bolton&rft.au=Jon+Dennis&rft.au=Matthew+Tempest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fgibraltar%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C634007%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/c147-v/c14702.htm">Corrected transcript of evidence taken before the Foreign Affairs Select Committee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183041/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/c147-v/c14702.htm">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; 28 March 2008; Answer to Question 257 by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Jim Murphy</a>: <i>[T]he UK Government will never – "never" is a seldom-used word in politics – enter into an agreement on sovereignty without the agreement of the Government of Gibraltar and their people. In fact, we will never even enter into a process without that agreement.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/147/8032602.htm">"House of Commons - Foreign Affairs - Minutes of Evidence"</a>. <i>publications.parliament.uk</i>. 28 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195835/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/147/8032602.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publications.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=House+of+Commons+-+Foreign+Affairs+-+Minutes+of+Evidence&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200708%2Fcmselect%2Fcmfaff%2F147%2F8032602.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gibraltar/">"World Factbook"</a>. CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612151438/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gibraltar/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Factbook&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgibraltar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-36612989">"EU referendum: Who are the Gibraltar 823?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625182227/http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-36612989">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=EU+referendum%3A+Who+are+the+Gibraltar+823%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs-trending-36612989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36618796">"Brexit: Spain calls for joint control of Gibraltar"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523183517/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36618796">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+Spain+calls+for+joint+control+of+Gibraltar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-36618796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Reporter)2016" class="citation web cs1">(Reporter), Joe Duggan (12 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltarolivepress.com/2016/09/12/chief-minister-fabian-picardo-says-british-means-british-at-national-day-political-rally/">"Chief Minister Fabian Picardo says 'British Means British' at National Day political rally"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010909/http://www.gibraltarolivepress.com/2016/09/12/chief-minister-fabian-picardo-says-british-means-british-at-national-day-political-rally/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chief+Minister+Fabian+Picardo+says+%27British+Means+British%27+at+National+Day+political+rally&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.aulast=%28Reporter%29&rft.aufirst=Joe+Duggan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltarolivepress.com%2F2016%2F09%2F12%2Fchief-minister-fabian-picardo-says-british-means-british-at-national-day-political-rally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-gibraltar-idUSKCN1MS2DH">"Spain says agreement reached on Gibraltar status in Brexit..."</a> <i>Reuters</i>. 18 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403145922/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-gibraltar-idUSKCN1MS2DH">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Spain+says+agreement+reached+on+Gibraltar+status+in+Brexit...&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-britain-eu-gibraltar-idUSKCN1MS2DH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55497084">"Brexit: Gibraltar gets UK-Spain deal to keep open border"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 31 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426190858/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55497084">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+Gibraltar+gets+UK-Spain+deal+to+keep+open+border&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-55497084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashifa_Kassam-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ashifa_Kassam_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ashifa_Kassam_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshifa_Kassam2021" class="citation news cs1">Ashifa Kassam (2 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/02/spain-gibraltar-border-preliminary-post-brexit-deal">"Spain says it will have last word on Gibraltar border entries"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426190852/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/02/spain-gibraltar-border-preliminary-post-brexit-deal">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spain+says+it+will+have+last+word+on+Gibraltar+border+entries&rft.date=2021-01-02&rft.au=Ashifa+Kassam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fjan%2F02%2Fspain-gibraltar-border-preliminary-post-brexit-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/brexit-uk-and-spain-say-gibraltar-to-join-schengen-in-last-minute-deal/a-56105105">"Brexit: UK and Spain say Gibraltar to join Schengen in last-minute deal"</a>. <i><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></span></span></i>. 1 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109230921/https://www.dw.com/en/brexit-uk-and-spain-say-gibraltar-to-join-schengen-in-last-minute-deal/a-56105105">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EDeutsche+Welle%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+German-language+text&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+UK+and+Spain+say+Gibraltar+to+join+Schengen+in+last-minute+deal&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fbrexit-uk-and-spain-say-gibraltar-to-join-schengen-in-last-minute-deal%2Fa-56105105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62710553">"Gibraltar is officially a city - 180 years late"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829122901/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62710553">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+is+officially+a+city+-+180+years+late&rft.date=2022-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-62710553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-publications.parliament.uk-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-publications.parliament.uk_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/147/147i.pdf">Parliament.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195830/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/147/147i.pdf">Archived</a> 17 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee 2007–2008 Report, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1386334/Gibraltar-makes-plans-for-self-government.html">Telegraph.co.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018124656/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1386334/Gibraltar-makes-plans-for-self-government.html">Archived</a> 18 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, David Blair, Gibraltar makes plans for self-government, Daily Telegraph, 28 February 2002 "Gibraltar's parliament approved an ambitious package of constitutional reform yesterday designed to give the colony almost complete self-government."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/constitution.php">"Laws of Gibraltar – On-line Service"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gibraltar.gov.gi&rft.atitle=Statistics+Office%2C+Government+of+Gibraltar%3A+Abstract+of+Statistics+Report+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fnew%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FHMGoG_Documents%2FFull%2520Census%2520Report%25202012%2520FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf">Census of Gibraltar, 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEN-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEN_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEN_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114122436/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/statistics/census/gibraltar-census-history">"Gibraltar Census History | Census | Statistics"</a>. <i>Government of Gibraltar</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/statistics/census/gibraltar-census-history">the original</a> on 14 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+Census+History+%26%23124%3B+Census+%26%23124%3B+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fstatistics%2Fcensus%2Fgibraltar-census-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archer2013-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archer2013_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE.G._Archer2013" class="citation book cs1">E.G. Archer (11 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Id8HlV3ad5wC&pg=PA44"><i>Gibraltar, Identity and Empire</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 44–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-00550-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-00550-3"><bdi>978-1-136-00550-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gibraltar%2C+Identity+and+Empire&rft.pages=44-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.isbn=978-1-136-00550-3&rft.au=E.G.+Archer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DId8HlV3ad5wC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/dcd54fac-138c-11e7-80f4-13e067d5072c">Financial Times. <i>Gibraltar fears loss of identity over Yanito decline.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117193431/https://www.ft.com/content/dcd54fac-138c-11e7-80f4-13e067d5072c">Archived</a> 17 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 17 November 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kellermann2001-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kellermann2001_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnja_Kellermann2001" class="citation book cs1">Anja Kellermann (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fEiX-YLT3j8C&pg=PA9"><i>A New New English: Language, Politics, and Identity in Gibraltar</i></a>. BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 9–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8311-2368-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8311-2368-1"><bdi>978-3-8311-2368-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+New+English%3A+Language%2C+Politics%2C+and+Identity+in+Gibraltar&rft.pages=9-&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-8311-2368-1&rft.au=Anja+Kellermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfEiX-YLT3j8C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329085544/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census/census_of_gibraltar_2001.pdf">"2001 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved on 28 October 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unigib.edu.gi/university-gibraltar-act/">"Minister Licudi announces the adoption of the University of Gibraltar Act - University of Gibraltar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412194213/https://www.unigib.edu.gi/university-gibraltar-act/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+live+with+first+phase+of+EHR&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalhealth.net%2Fnews%2Fehi%2F10102%2Fgibraltar-live-with-first-phase-of-ehr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.gi/2018/05/gha-school-of-health-invites-applicants-for-mental-health-nursing-degree/">"GHA School of Health invites applicants for Mental Health Nursing degree"</a>. Gibraltar Chronicle. 12 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823111330/http://chronicle.gi/2018/05/gha-school-of-health-invites-applicants-for-mental-health-nursing-degree/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GHA+School+of+Health+invites+applicants+for+Mental+Health+Nursing+degree&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.gi%2F2018%2F05%2Fgha-school-of-health-invites-applicants-for-mental-health-nursing-degree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/07/gibraltar-ends-annual-balloon-release-on-environmental-grounds">"Gibraltar ends annual balloon release on environmental grounds"</a>. Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. The Guardian. April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716185216/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/07/gibraltar-ends-annual-balloon-release-on-environmental-grounds">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+ends+annual+balloon+release+on+environmental+grounds&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2016%2Fapr%2F07%2Fgibraltar-ends-annual-balloon-release-on-environmental-grounds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homeandlifestyle.es/events-and-exhibitions/be-a-part-of-history-in-the-gibraltar-diamond-jubilee-flotilla/">"Be a part of history in the Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla"</a>. <i>Home and Lifestyle Magazine</i>. 16 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709012512/http://homeandlifestyle.es/events-and-exhibitions/be-a-part-of-history-in-the-gibraltar-diamond-jubilee-flotilla/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Home+and+Lifestyle+Magazine&rft.atitle=Be+a+part+of+history+in+the+Gibraltar+Diamond+Jubilee+Flotilla&rft.date=2012-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomeandlifestyle.es%2Fevents-and-exhibitions%2Fbe-a-part-of-history-in-the-gibraltar-diamond-jubilee-flotilla%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birminghamuk.com/cities/gibinfo.htm">"Gibraltar: Fact File"</a>. Birmingham UK International Directory – Gibraltar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306051805/http://www.birminghamuk.com/cities/gibinfo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gibraltar%3A+Fact+File&rft.pub=Birmingham+UK+International+Directory+%E2%80%93+Gibraltar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birminghamuk.com%2Fcities%2Fgibinfo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYborra_Aznar2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yborra Aznar, José Juan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=1973665">"La ciudad perdida: Gibraltar en la obra de Héctor Licudi"</a>. <i>Eúphoros</i> (in Spanish) (7): 317–26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1575-0205">1575-0205</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511061235/http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=1973665">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=E%C3%BAphoros&rft.atitle=La+ciudad+perdida%3A+Gibraltar+en+la+obra+de+H%C3%A9ctor+Licudi&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=317-26&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=1575-0205&rft.aulast=Yborra+Aznar&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Foaiart%3Fcodigo%3D1973665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYborra_Aznar" class="citation journal cs1">Yborra Aznar, José Juan. "Espejos y espejismos: la poesía de Trino Cruz". <i>Eúphoros</i> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_a_Distancia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia">Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia</a>: 23. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1575-0205">1575-0205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=E%C3%BAphoros&rft.atitle=Espejos+y+espejismos%3A+la+poes%C3%ADa+de+Trino+Cruz&rft.issue=2002&rft.pages=23&rft.issn=1575-0205&rft.aulast=Yborra+Aznar&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Juan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElPais-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElPais_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuque2003" class="citation news cs1">Luque, Alejandro (8 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/diario/2003/04/09/andalucia/1049840551_850215.html">"El gibraltareño Trino Cruz reúne dos décadas de su mejor poesía"</a>. <i>El País</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109113149/http://elpais.com/diario/2003/04/09/andalucia/1049840551_850215.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+gibraltare%C3%B1o+Trino+Cruz+re%C3%BAne+dos+d%C3%A9cadas+de+su+mejor+poes%C3%ADa&rft.date=2003-04-08&rft.aulast=Luque&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F2003%2F04%2F09%2Fandalucia%2F1049840551_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Téllez2013-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Téllez2013_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_José_Téllez2013" class="citation book cs1">Juan José Téllez (16 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t3Tl2kta9kYC&pg=PA49"><i>Yanitos. Viaje al corazón de Gibraltar (1713–2013)</i></a>. Centro de Estudios Andaluces. pp. 49–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-941817-5-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-941817-5-7"><bdi>978-84-941817-5-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yanitos.+Viaje+al+coraz%C3%B3n+de+Gibraltar+%281713%E2%80%932013%29&rft.pages=49-&rft.pub=Centro+de+Estudios+Andaluces&rft.date=2013-01-16&rft.isbn=978-84-941817-5-7&rft.au=Juan+Jos%C3%A9+T%C3%A9llez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt3Tl2kta9kYC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMascarenhas" class="citation web cs1">Mascarenhas, Alice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030909225847/http://www.chronicle.gi/Features/Charles%20Ramirez/charles%20ramirez.htm">"Always a Pleasure to Perform in Gibraltar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronicle.gi/Features/Charles%20Ramirez/charles%20ramirez.htm">the original</a> on 9 September 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gibraltar+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Always+a+Pleasure+to+Perform+in+Gibraltar&rft.aulast=Mascarenhas&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.gi%2FFeatures%2FCharles%2520Ramirez%2Fcharles%2520ramirez.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201121115/http://www.foghs.org.uk/nl/70.pdf">"Newsletter No 70"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Friends of Gibraltar Heritage Society. November 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foghs.org.uk/nl/70.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newsletter+No+70&rft.pub=Friends+of+Gibraltar+Heritage+Society&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foghs.org.uk%2Fnl%2F70.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1836" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "picture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA176"><i>Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837</i></a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221210162812/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA176">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=picture&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1837&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D39BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1836" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "poetical illustration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA178"><i>Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837</i></a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221210162816/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=39BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA178">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=poetical+illustration&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1837&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D39BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1837" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "poetical illustration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA42"><i>Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838</i></a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213221744/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA42">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=poetical+illustration&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1838&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D49BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA8-IA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1837" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "picture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA44"><i>Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838</i></a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213221742/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA44">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=picture&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1838&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D49BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA8-IA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1837" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "picture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA22"><i>Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838</i></a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213221740/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA22">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=picture&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1838&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D49BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1837" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "poetical illustration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA24"><i>Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838</i></a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213221745/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=49BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA24">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=poetical+illustration&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1838&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D49BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/beirut-2-1222688">"Beirut reveal new song 'Gibraltar' – watch video | NME"</a>. <i>NME Music News, Reviews, Videos, Galleries, Tickets and Blogs | NME.COM</i>. 19 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514040106/https://www.nme.com/news/music/beirut-2-1222688">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME+Music+News%2C+Reviews%2C+Videos%2C+Galleries%2C+Tickets+and+Blogs+%7C+NME.COM&rft.atitle=Beirut+reveal+new+song+%27Gibraltar%27+%E2%80%93+watch+video+%7C+NME&rft.date=2015-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fbeirut-2-1222688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/innocent/text/chapter07.html">"The Innocents Abroad--Chapter 7"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Innocents+Abroad--Chapter+7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwain.lib.virginia.edu%2Finnocent%2Ftext%2Fchapter07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/gibraltar/articles/molly-bloom-s-gibraltar/">"Ulysses: Molly Bloom's Gibraltar"</a>. 6 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ulysses%3A+Molly+Bloom%27s+Gibraltar&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Fgibraltar%2Farticles%2Fmolly-bloom-s-gibraltar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nightswithalicecooper.com/2022/03/18/flashback-john-lennon-yoko-ono-marry-3/">"FLASHBACK: JOHN LENNON & YOKO ONO MARRY"</a>. <i>Nights with Alice Cooper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nights+with+Alice+Cooper&rft.atitle=FLASHBACK%3A+JOHN+LENNON+%26+YOKO+ONO+MARRY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnightswithalicecooper.com%2F2022%2F03%2F18%2Fflashback-john-lennon-yoko-ono-marry-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Sport-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Sport_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6302889.stm">"Gibraltar fail to get Uefa place"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 26 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017124015/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6302889.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+fail+to+get+Uefa+place&rft.date=2007-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Finternationals%2F6302889.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/kosovo-elected-uefa-member-28-24-vote-38837601">"Gibraltar played in the qualifying program for the 2016 European Championship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507171946/http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/kosovo-elected-uefa-member-28-24-vote-38837601">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+played+in+the+qualifying+program+for+the+2016+European+Championship.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FSports%2FwireStory%2Fkosovo-elected-uefa-member-28-24-vote-38837601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22657481">"Gibraltar given full Uefa membership at London Congress"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 24 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118023551/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22657481">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+given+full+Uefa+membership+at+London+Congress&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2F0%2Ffootball%2F22657481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45851081">"Gibraltar win competitive match for first time, beating Armenia 1-0"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 13 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014080134/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45851081">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+win+competitive+match+for+first+time%2C+beating+Armenia+1-0&rft.date=2018-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F45851081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3776.pdf">"CAS Upholds the Appeal Filed by the Gibraltar Football Association Regarding Its Request to Become a Full Member of FIFA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508133329/http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3776.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CAS+Upholds+the+Appeal+Filed+by+the+Gibraltar+Football+Association+Regarding+Its+Request+to+Become+a+Full+Member+of+FIFA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tas-cas.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FMedia_Release_3776.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodwin1983" class="citation book cs1">Godwin, Terry (1983). <i>The Guinness Book of Rugby Facts & Feats</i> (2nd ed.). Enfield: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85112-264-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85112-264-7"><bdi>0-85112-264-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Rugby+Facts+%26+Feats&rft.place=Enfield&rft.pages=186&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Guinness+Superlatives+Ltd&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-85112-264-7&rft.aulast=Godwin&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cordoba-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cordoba_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070322195006/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/pensions/Ministerial_Statement.pdf">"Communiqué of the ministerial meeting of the forum of dialogue on Gibraltar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Gibraltar. 18 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/pensions/Ministerial_Statement.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+ministerial+meeting+of+the+forum+of+dialogue+on+Gibraltar&rft.pub=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fpensions%2FMinisterial_Statement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pensions-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pensions_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Gibraltar2006" class="citation web cs1">Government of Gibraltar (18 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325101657/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2006/Ministerial_Statement_On_Pensions.pdf">"Trilateral Forum. Ministerial Statement on Pensions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2006/Ministerial_Statement_On_Pensions.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trilateral+Forum.+Ministerial+Statement+on+Pensions&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft.au=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Flatest_news%2Fpress_releases%2F2006%2FMinisterial_Statement_On_Pensions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-airport-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-airport_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124171815/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2006/271-2006.pdf">"Press Release. Airport Agreement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Gibraltar. 18 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2006/271-2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release.+Airport+Agreement&rft.pub=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Flatest_news%2Fpress_releases%2F2006%2F271-2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/2/hi/europe/6198314.stm">"Spain restores Gibraltar air link"</a>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Publications.parliament.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511082420/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmfaff/366/36605.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frontier+restrictions&rft.pub=Publications.parliament.uk&rft.au=The+Committee+Office%2C+House+of+Commons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm199899%2Fcmselect%2Fcmfaff%2F366%2F36605.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1043&id=1214692003">Scotsman.com News: Spanish seal border as virus ship docks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070328101140/http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1043&id=1214692003">Archived</a> 28 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 16 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=1615">"Fishermen block frontier"</a>. Panorama.gi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205183528/http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=1615">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fishermen+block+frontier&rft.pub=Panorama.gi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panorama.gi%2Flocalnews%2Fheadlines.php%3Faction%3Dview_article%26article%3D1615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibraltar_International_Airport" class="citation web cs1">Gibraltar International Airport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltarairport.gi/content/destinations">"Destinations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712210526/http://www.gibraltarairport.gi/content/destinations">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destinations&rft.au=Gibraltar+International+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltarairport.gi%2Fcontent%2Fdestinations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Defence2021" class="citation web cs1">Ministry of Defence (13 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/voices-of-the-armed-forces/what-is-british-forces-gibraltar-e6194cf0c994">"British Forces Gibraltar explained"</a>. <i>Voices Of The Armed Forces</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314195403/https://medium.com/voices-of-the-armed-forces/what-is-british-forces-gibraltar-e6194cf0c994">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voices+Of+The+Armed+Forces&rft.atitle=British+Forces+Gibraltar+explained&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.au=Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fvoices-of-the-armed-forces%2Fwhat-is-british-forces-gibraltar-e6194cf0c994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Gibraltar" class="citation web cs1">Government of Gibraltar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113173646/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/239-2007.pdf">"Press Release: Government of Gibraltar Reaction to GB Sale"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/239-2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release%3A+Government+of+Gibraltar+Reaction+to+GB+Sale&rft.au=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Flatest_news%2Fpress_releases%2F2007%2F239-2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.mercopress.com/2009/04/30/regional-andalusia-airline-begins-gibraltar-madrid-airbridge">"Regional Andalusia airline begins Gibraltar-Madrid airbridge"</a>. MercoPress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927045811/http://en.mercopress.com/2009/04/30/regional-andalusia-airline-begins-gibraltar-madrid-airbridge">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Andalusia+airline+begins+Gibraltar-Madrid+airbridge&rft.pub=MercoPress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.mercopress.com%2F2009%2F04%2F30%2Fregional-andalusia-airline-begins-gibraltar-madrid-airbridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=5758&offset=0">"Andalus drops Gibraltar"</a>. Panorama.gi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205183532/http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=5758&offset=0">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andalus+drops+Gibraltar&rft.pub=Panorama.gi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panorama.gi%2Flocalnews%2Fheadlines.php%3Faction%3Dview_article%26article%3D5758%26offset%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pressnote-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pressnote_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Gibraltar" class="citation web cs1">Government of Gibraltar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5nmRMS1cC?url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/111-2007.pdf">"Press Release: New Air Terminal, tunnel under the runway and new road leading to all parts of Gibraltar north of the runway"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/111-2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release%3A+New+Air+Terminal%2C+tunnel+under+the+runway+and+new+road+leading+to+all+parts+of+Gibraltar+north+of+the+runway&rft.au=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Flatest_news%2Fpress_releases%2F2007%2F111-2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span> and images of the proposals: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029161356/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/111-2007-images.pdf">"Press Release: New Terminal Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/111-2007-images.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release%3A+New+Terminal+Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Flatest_news%2Fpress_releases%2F2007%2F111-2007-images.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023135234/http://www.7daysgibraltar.com/article.php?id=655">"The Chief Minister presented the plans for an ambitious new terminal building for Gibraltar Airport"</a>. 7 Days Gibraltar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7daysgibraltar.com/article.php?id=655">the original</a> on 23 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chief+Minister+presented+the+plans+for+an+ambitious+new+terminal+building+for+Gibraltar+Airport&rft.pub=7+Days+Gibraltar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.7daysgibraltar.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/kingsway-inaugurated-1872023-8737">"KINGSWAY INAUGURATED - 187/2023"</a>. <i>Government of Gibraltar</i>. 30 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.atitle=KINGSWAY+INAUGURATED+-+187%2F2023&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fpress-releases%2Fkingsway-inaugurated-1872023-8737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbc.gi/news/kingsway-now-open-operational">"Kingsway is now open & operational"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. 31 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gibraltar+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Kingsway+is+now+open+%26+operational&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gbc.gi%2Fnews%2Fkingsway-now-open-operational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeralta2023" class="citation web cs1">Peralta, Gabriella (30 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.gi/over-14-years-later-kingsway-tunnel-opens/">"Over 14 years later, Kingsway Tunnel opens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2023</span>. <q>that the airport and tunnel access roads [and the tunnel]...will be known as Kingsway...and that has been approved by His Majesty himself today</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gibraltar+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Over+14+years+later%2C+Kingsway+Tunnel+opens&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft.aulast=Peralta&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.gi%2Fover-14-years-later-kingsway-tunnel-opens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press-releases/airport-tunnel-to-open-on-31st-march-2023-1772023-8730">"Airport Tunnel to open on 31st March 2023 - 177/2023"</a>. <i>Government of Gibraltar</i>. 28 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2023</span>. <q>The road from the new roundabout at Devil's Tower Road to the East Gate roundabout is approximately 1.2km in length, including approximately 350 metres of covered tunnel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Gibraltar&rft.atitle=Airport+Tunnel+to+open+on+31st+March+2023+-+177%2F2023&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibraltar.gov.gi%2Fpress-releases%2Fairport-tunnel-to-open-on-31st-march-2023-1772023-8730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=17969">New ferry 'repairs 40 year gap' says Spanish Diplomat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091218183902/http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=17969">Archived</a> 18 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i>, 17 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portseurope.com/38208-2/">"Gibraltar continues with Brexit contingency plans"</a>. PortSEurope. 29 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511120119/https://www.portseurope.com/38208-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gibraltar+continues+with+Brexit+contingency+plans&rft.pub=PortSEurope&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portseurope.com%2F38208-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009202056/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/judiciary-a-law?start=2">"Morocco Travel Information – Information About Traveling in Morocco"</a>. Goafrica.about.com. 6 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goafrica.about.com/od/morocco/a/moroctraveltips_2.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morocco+Travel+Information+%E2%80%93+Information+About+Traveling+in+Morocco&rft.pub=Goafrica.about.com&rft.date=2012-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoafrica.about.com%2Fod%2Fmorocco%2Fa%2Fmoroctraveltips_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Man_in_Seat_61..." class="citation web cs1">The Man in Seat 61... <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seat61.com/Morocco.htm">"How to travel by train London to Morocco | Train travel in Morocco"</a>. Seat61.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928210156/http://www.seat61.com/Morocco.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+travel+by+train+London+to+Morocco+%26%23124%3B+Train+travel+in+Morocco&rft.pub=Seat61.com&rft.au=The+Man+in+Seat+61...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seat61.com%2FMorocco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europasur.es/article/lalinea/835676/la/linea/lleva/mas/ochenta/anos/esperando/pase/primer/tren.html">"La Línea lleva más de ochenta años esperando que pase el primer..."</a> <i>europasur.es</i>. 14 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826181518/http://www.europasur.es/article/lalinea/835676/la/linea/lleva/mas/ochenta/anos/esperando/pase/primer/tren.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Google Maps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306051803/https://www.google.com/maps?q=36.175256,-5.359137">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Gibraltar: Peter-Tan Publishing Co. pp. 28–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gibraltar%27s+Finest+Hour+The+Great+Siege+1779%E2%80%931783&rft.btitle=300+Years+of+British+Gibraltar+1704%E2%80%932004&rft.place=Gibraltar&rft.pages=28-29&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Peter-Tan+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChartrand2006" class="citation book cs1">Chartrand, René (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003243/http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title%3DS9770"><i>Gibraltar 1779–1783: The Great Siege</i></a>. Patrice Courcelle (1st ed.). Gibraltar: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-977-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-977-6"><bdi>978-1-84176-977-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=S9770">the original</a> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gibraltar+1779%E2%80%931783%3A+The+Great+Siege&rft.place=Gibraltar&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-977-6&rft.aulast=Chartrand&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ospreypublishing.com%2Ftitle_detail.php%2Ftitle%3DS9770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Drinkwater, John: <i>A history of the siege of Gibraltar, 1779–1783: With a description and account of that garrison from the earliest periods</i> London, 1862.</li> <li>Falkner, James: <i>FIRE OVER THE ROCK: The Great Siege of Gibraltar 1779–1783</i>, Pen and Sword, 2009</li> <li>Harvey, Robert: <i>A Few Bloody Noses: The American War of Independence</i>, London, 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodger,_N._A._M." class="mw-redirect" title="Rodger, N. A. M.">Rodger, N. A. M.</a>: <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815</i>, London, 2006</li> <li>Norwich, John Julius: <i>The Middle Sea: a history of the Mediterranean</i>, Random House, 2006</li> <li>Sugden, John: <i>Nelson: A Dream of Glory</i>, London, 2004</li> <li>Syrett, David: <i>Admiral Lord Howe: A Biography</i>, London, 2006.</li> <li>Maria Monti, Ángel: <i>Historia de Gibraltar: dedicada a SS. AA. RR., los serenisimos señores Infantes Duques de Montpensier</i>, Imp. Juan Moyano, 1852</li> <li>Maria Montero, Francisco: <i>Historia de Gibraltar y de su campo</i>, Imprenta de la Revista Médica, 1860</li> <li>Uxó Palasí, José: <i>Referencias en torno al bloqueo naval durante los asedios</i>, Almoraima. n.º 34, 2007</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gibfire.gi/">Gibraltar Fire & Rescue Service</a></li> <li>Description of Gibraltar as it was in the mid-19th century. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherzer1861" class="citation book cs1">Scherzer, Karl (1861). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Narrative_of_the_circumnavigation_of_the_Globe_by_the_Austrian_frigate_Novara,_(Volume_1)..pdf&page=93">"Gibraltar: stay from the 20th to the 30th of May, 1857"</a>. <i>Narrative of the circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian frigate Novara</i>. London: Saunders, Otley & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gibraltar%3A+stay+from+the+20th+to+the+30th+of+May%2C+1857&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+circumnavigation+of+the+Globe+by+the+Austrian+frigate+Novara&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Saunders%2C+Otley+%26+Co.&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Scherzer&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.m.wikimedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFile%3ANarrative_of_the_circumnavigation_of_the_Globe_by_the_Austrian_frigate_Novara%2C_%28Volume_1%29..pdf%26page%3D93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://merhav.nli.org.il/primo-explore/search?query=any,contains,gibraltar%20map&tab=default_tab&search_scope=Local&sortby=lso01&vid=NLI&mfacet=rtype,include,Maps,1&mfacet=topic,include,Gibraltar,2&lang=iw_IL&offset=0&came_from=sort">Old maps of Gibraltar</a> from the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><i><br /><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></i><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></i><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></i></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gibraltar_topics_15px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:red;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gibraltar_topics" title="Template:Gibraltar topics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gibraltar_topics" title="Template talk:Gibraltar topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gibraltar_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gibraltar topics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gibraltar_topics_15px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Gibraltar</span></a> topics  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthals_in_Gibraltar" title="Neanderthals in Gibraltar">Neanderthals in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Timeline of the history of Gibraltar">Timeline</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges_of_Gibraltar" title="List of sieges of Gibraltar">sieges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Gibraltar">First Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gibraltar_(1607)" title="Battle of Gibraltar (1607)">Battle of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Capture of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">George Rooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar">Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Great Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Eliott,_1st_Baron_Heathfield" title="George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield">George Augustus Eliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_real" title="Gibraltar real">Gibraltar real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nationality_in_Gibraltar" title="History of nationality in Gibraltar">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Genoese in Gibraltar">Genoese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">Maltese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosion_of_the_RFA_Bedenham" title="Explosion of the RFA Bedenham">Explosion of the RFA <i>Bedenham</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Death_on_the_Rock" title="Death on the Rock">Death on the Rock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Aurora_(2000)#2003:_Norwalk_virus_breakout" title="MV Aurora (2000)"><i>Aurora</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_New_Flame" title="MV New Flame"><i>New Flame</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Fedra" title="MV Fedra"><i>Fedra</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">COVID-19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><img alt="Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/80px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/120px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/160px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Geography</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Geology of the Iberian Peninsula">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_Transform_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault">Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Arc" title="Gibraltar Arc">Gibraltar Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Gibraltar" title="Category:Environment of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Environment</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Gibraltar" title="List of birds of Gibraltar">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Gibraltar" title="List of mammals of Gibraltar">Mammals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_and_reptiles_of_Gibraltar" title="List of amphibians and reptiles of Gibraltar">Reptiles and amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberis_gibraltarica" title="Iberis gibraltarica">Candytuft <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Iberis gibraltarica</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" title="Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Ornithological_%26_Natural_History_Society" title="Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society">Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Wildlife_Conservation_Park" title="Alameda Wildlife Conservation Park">Wildlife Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Beach,_Gibraltar" title="Eastern Beach, Gibraltar">Eastern Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cave" title="St. Michael's Cave">St. Michael's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bay,_Gibraltar" title="Sandy Bay, Gibraltar">Sandy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Cave" title="Vanguard Cave">Vanguard Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_(Gibraltar)" title="Windmill Hill (Gibraltar)">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Gibraltar" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Built</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Hotel,_Gibraltar" title="Bristol Hotel, Gibraltar">Bristol Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_City_Hall" title="Gibraltar City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convent (Gibraltar)">The Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Library" title="Garrison Library">Garrison Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Hospital_(Gibraltar)" title="King George V Hospital (Gibraltar)">King George V Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Castle" title="Moorish Castle">Moorish Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Hotel" title="The Rock Hotel">The Rock Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bernard%27s_Hospital" title="St Bernard's Hospital">St. Bernard's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Politics_and_Government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics and Government</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Gibraltar" title="Constitution of Gibraltar">Constitution Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_1969" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006">2006</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Gibraltar" title="Judiciary of Gibraltar">court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Gibraltar">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_passport_(Gibraltar)" title="British passport (Gibraltar)">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_development_in_modern_Gibraltar" title="Political development in modern Gibraltar">Political development in modern Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Gibraltar" title="Mayor of Gibraltar">Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Political issues</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Project" title="Black Swan Project">Black Swan Project controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_the_isthmus_between_Gibraltar_and_Spain" title="Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain">isthmus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar" title="Elections in Gibraltar">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2007 Gibraltar general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2011 Gibraltar general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2015 Gibraltar general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2019 Gibraltar general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2023 Gibraltar general election">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gibraltar" title="List of political parties in Gibraltar">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty referendums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">EU referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Military</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Defence_Police" title="Gibraltar Defence Police">Gibraltar Defence Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Squadron" title="Gibraltar Squadron">Gibraltar Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_of_Magdala_Battery" title="Napier of Magdala Battery">Napier of Magdala Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gibraltar" title="RAF Gibraltar">RAF Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Economy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Gibraltar" title="List of banks in Gibraltar">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">Gibraltar pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Gibraltar_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Gibraltar pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Stock_Exchange" title="Gibraltar Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Gibraltar" title="Taxation in Gibraltar">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gibraltar" title="Tourism in Gibraltar">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Gibraltar" title="Communications in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Communications</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi <span style="font-size:85%;">(Internet domain)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibtelecom" title="Gibtelecom">Gibtelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(Gibraltar)" title="Panorama (Gibraltar)">Panorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Regulatory_Authority" title="Gibraltar Regulatory Authority">Regulatory Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Post_Office" title="Royal Gibraltar Post Office">Royal Gibraltar Post Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Gibraltar">postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_orders_of_Gibraltar" title="Postal orders of Gibraltar">postal orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Study_Circle" title="Gibraltar Study Circle">Study Circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gibraltar" title="Telephone numbers in Gibraltar">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gibraltar" title="Transport in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Transport</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cable_Car" title="Gibraltar Cable Car">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">Gibraltar–Spain border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_in_Gibraltar" title="Shipping in Gibraltar">Shipping in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Gibraltar" title="Vehicle registration plates of Gibraltar">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Culture</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayside_Comprehensive_School" title="Bayside Comprehensive School">Bayside Comprehensive School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westside_School,_Gibraltar" title="Westside School, Gibraltar">Westside School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">University of Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Gibraltar" title="Miss Gibraltar">Miss Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%A9vame_Donde_Nac%C3%AD" title="Llévame Donde Nací">Llévame Donde Nací</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gibraltar Fair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Gibraltar" title="Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar">Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Demographics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gibraltarians" title="List of Gibraltarians">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom">in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_status" title="Gibraltarian status">Gibraltarian status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Religion</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Diocese in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_Europe" title="Bishop in Europe">Bishop diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_Bishop_in_Europe" title="Suffragan Bishop in Europe">Bishop suffragan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Gibraltar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar">Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Gibraltar" title="St Andrew's Church, Gibraltar">St. Andrew's Church <span style="font-size:85%;">(Church of Scotland)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Methodist_Church" title="Gibraltar Methodist Church">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Gibraltar">Roman Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gibraltar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar">Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Gibraltar">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned" title="Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned">Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Our Lady of Europe">Our Lady of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Europe">Shrine of Our Lady of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Cemetery" title="Trafalgar Cemetery">Trafalgar Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other faiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Gibraltar" title="Hinduism in Gibraltar">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gibraltar" title="Islam in Gibraltar">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim_Mosque" title="Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque">Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Gibraltar)" title="Great Synagogue (Gibraltar)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues of Gibraltar">other synagogues</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Gibraltar" title="Sport in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Sport</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_sport" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:4.4em;font-weight:normal;">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar national basketball team">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cricket_Association" title="Gibraltar Cricket Association">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_cricket_team" title="Gibraltar national cricket team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cycling_Association" title="Gibraltar Cycling Association">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Hockey_Association" title="Gibraltar Hockey Association">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Gibraltar men's national field hockey team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Gibraltar" title="Football in Gibraltar">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Football_Association" title="Gibraltar Football Association">Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_football_team" title="Gibraltar national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Gibraltar" title="Rugby union in Gibraltar">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_rugby_union_team" title="Gibraltar national rugby union team">national team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barbarians_Rugby_Club" title="Gibraltar Barbarians Rugby Club">Campo Gibraltar RUFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Gibraltar at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association" title="International Island Games Association">Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_records_in_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian records in athletics">Records in athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Stadium,_Gibraltar" title="Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar">Victoria Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Gibraltar" title="Category:National symbols of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Symbols</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem" title="Gibraltar Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar" title="Coat of arms of Gibraltar">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Official flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Gibraltar">other flags</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:red;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" title="Category:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span>  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Commons</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Portal</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gibraltar" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">WikiProject</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a><sup>4</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a><sup>3</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>2</sup> (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas<br />of internal<br />sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li><sup>4</sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template talk:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities of</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British administrative divisions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Capital of the United Kingdom</b>: <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Valley,_Anguilla" title="The Valley, Anguilla">The Valley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rothera_Research_Station" title="Rothera Research Station">Rothera</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Road_Town" title="Road Town">Road Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Cayman_Islands" title="George Town, Cayman Islands">George Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></b>, <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brades" title="Brades">Brades</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adamstown,_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands">Adamstown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Sardinia" title="Sea of Sardinia">Sea of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template talk:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries, territories and dependencies of the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a> <br />of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Sovereign Base Areas</a>. <sup>2</sup> Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(integrated into the UK)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> culture</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territorial_disputes_involving_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territorial_disputes_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Territorial disputes involving the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territorial_disputes_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Territorial disputes involving the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territorial_disputes_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territorial disputes involving the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/21px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/42px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Gibraltar</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Gibraltar">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="c:Gibraltar">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Gibraltar">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="q:Gibraltar">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Gibraltar">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Gibraltar">Textbooks</a></b> from Wikibooks</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Gibraltar">Resources</a></b> from Wikiversity</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="voy:Gibraltar">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410" class="extiw" title="d:Q1410">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121659435">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125501644">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1215269/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyWYXGG4rhrFjJgwPp773">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020965-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81103161">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14011467j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14011467j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gibraltar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge562690&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451339">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjh3qn21ntvx9">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555182805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dd59627f-9549-3408-9a4a-65f7ba546290">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/511dd7bd-0834-4a57-9ce1-5dc44b2166b3">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/NlyooWzr">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027492753">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044767">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&oldid=1258431067">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&oldid=1258431067</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" title="Category:Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Overseas_Territories" title="Category:British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Headlands_of_Europe" title="Category:Headlands of Europe">Headlands of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-speaking_countries_and_territories" title="Category:English-speaking countries and territories">English-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iberian_Peninsula" title="Category:Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Territorial_disputes_of_Spain" title="Category:Territorial disputes of Spain">Territorial disputes of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1700s_in_Spain" title="Category:1700s in Spain">1700s in Spain</a></li><li><a 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