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Dora Hitz - Wikipedia

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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Dora Hitz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Hitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dora_Hitz.jpg/220px-Dora_Hitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dora_Hitz.jpg/330px-Dora_Hitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Dora_Hitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="658" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Dora Hitz in her studio (1898)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1856-03-30</span>)</span>March 30, 1856<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Altdorf bei Nürnberg, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 20, 1924<span style="display:none">(1924-11-20)</span> (aged&#160;68)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Berlin, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category">Berlin Secession</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dora Hitz</b> (30 March 1856, <a href="/wiki/Altdorf_bei_N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Altdorf bei Nürnberg">Altdorf bei Nürnberg</a> - 20 November 1924, Berlin) was a <a href="/wiki/Court_painter" title="Court painter">Court Painter</a> to the Romanian Royal Family, a member of the <a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a> and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_Hitz&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When she was six years old, her family moved to <a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a> and at thirteen she was sent to Munich to study at the "Damenmalschule der Frau Staatsrat Weber", an art school for young women, where she studied with <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Lindenschmit_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm von Lindenschmit the Younger">Wilhelm von Lindenschmit the Younger</a>. At the <i>Art and Industrial Exhibition of 1876</i>, she met and became acquainted with <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Wied" title="Elisabeth of Wied">Elisabeth of Wied</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Romania">Queen consort of Romania</a> (perhaps better known under her literary name "Carmen Sylva"). As a result, Hitz was appointed as the Court Painter. In addition to oil paintings and book illustrations, she also created <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> murals in the Music Hall of <a href="/wiki/Pele%C8%99_Castle" title="Peleș Castle">Peleș Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sinaia" title="Sinaia">Sinaia</a>. </p><p>After 1880, she lived in Paris, where she studied with <a href="/wiki/Luc-Olivier_Merson" title="Luc-Olivier Merson">Luc-Olivier Merson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courtois" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustave Courtois">Gustave Courtois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Benjamin-Constant" title="Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant">Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eugène Carrière">Eugène Carrière</a>, who had the most influence on her style. She spent 1886/87 in Romania, then returned to Paris, becoming friends with <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Jettel" title="Eugen Jettel">Eugen Jettel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bahr" title="Hermann Bahr">Hermann Bahr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She travelled throughout <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> and, in 1890, became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Salon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Artistes_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Société des Artistes Français">Société des Artistes Français</a>. From 1892, she was a regular participant in the exhibitions of the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_des_Beaux_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Nationale des Beaux Arts">Société Nationale des Beaux Arts</a>. </p><p>Although she had been and would continue to be successful in Paris, she moved to Berlin in 1892 and joined the "Vereins Berliner Künstlerinnen und Kunstfreundinnen" (an association of female artists) that gave her access to many upper middle-class clients who commissioned portraits. She founded a women's art school in 1894, operated a studio and struck up a friendship with <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Kollwitz" title="Käthe Kollwitz">Käthe Kollwitz</a>. Hitz <a href="/wiki/List_of_women_artists_exhibited_at_the_1893_World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="List of women artists exhibited at the 1893 World&#39;s Columbian Exposition">exhibited</a> her work at the <a href="/wiki/The_Woman%27s_Building_(Chicago)" title="The Woman&#39;s Building (Chicago)">Woman's Building</a> at the 1893 <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World&#39;s Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> in Chicago, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-Nichols_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nichols-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1898, she was one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a>. She was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_Prize" title="Villa Romana Prize">Villa Romana Prize</a> in 1906, which included a stipendium that enabled her to spend a year in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. </p><p>During World War I she began to experience financial difficulties, fell ill, and gradually became a recluse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_paintings">Selected paintings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_Hitz&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Selected paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 306.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 304.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grape Harvest"><img alt="Grape Harvest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg/457px-Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grape Harvest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Hitz_D%C3%A4mmerung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Twilight"><img alt="Twilight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dora_Hitz_D%C3%A4mmerung.jpg/211px-Dora_Hitz_D%C3%A4mmerung.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Dora_Hitz_D%C3%A4mmerung.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Twilight</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Hitz_Der_Maler_Aman-Jean.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of the painter Edmond Aman-Jean"><img alt="Portrait of the painter Edmond Aman-Jean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Dora_Hitz_Der_Maler_Aman-Jean.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of the painter<br /> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Aman-Jean" title="Edmond Aman-Jean">Edmond Aman-Jean</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of a Girl"><img alt="Portrait of a Girl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg/262px-Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg/393px-Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg/524px-Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of a Girl</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cauliflower"><img alt="The Cauliflower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg/248px-Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg/372px-Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Cauliflower</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_Hitz&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermann Bahr: Malerei. <i>Die Zeit</i>, 10 (1897) #120, 44. (16 January 1897), also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univie.ac.at/bahr/node/74449">Letters from Dora Hitz to Bahr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224063622/http://www.univie.ac.at/bahr/node/74449">Archived</a> 2016-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nichols-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nichols_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNichols" class="citation web cs1">Nichols, K. L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger">"Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair &amp; Exposition, Chicago 1893"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Women%27s+Art+at+the+World%27s+Columbian+Fair+%26+Exposition%2C+Chicago+1893&amp;rft.aulast=Nichols&amp;rft.aufirst=K.+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farcadiasystems.org%2Facademia%2Fcassatt10cc.html%23hedinger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADora+Hitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_Hitz&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dora Hitz. In: <a href="/wiki/Thieme-Becker" title="Thieme-Becker">Thieme-Becker</a>, <i>Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart</i>. Vol.XVII, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1924, pg.153.</li> <li>Dora Hitz. In: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Vollmer" title="Hans Vollmer">Hans Vollmer</a>, <i>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler des XX. Jahrhunderts</i>. Vol.VI. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1962, pg.61</li> <li>Margrit Bröhan: <i>Dora Hitz (1856–1924).</i> In: Britta Jürgs, <i>Da ist nichts mehr, wie es die Natur gewollt. Porträts von Künstlerinnen und Schriftstellerinnen um 1900.</i> AvivA, Berlin 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-932338-13-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-932338-13-8">3-932338-13-8</a>, pgs.180–192.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dora_Hitz&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dora_Hitz" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dora Hitz">Dora Hitz</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.com/artists/dora-hitz/past-auction-results">ArtNet: More paintings by Hitz</a></li> <li>Dora Hitz in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Studio_(magazine)" title="The Studio (magazine)">The Studio</a></i>, Vol.11 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tR1HAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=Dora+Hitz&amp;pg=PA272">[1]</a> @ Google Books</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066609813">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/22412918">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11691727X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2021066097">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb149692189">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb149692189">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500009458">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/38608">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/25443">Musée d'Orsay</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/en/person/hitz-dora">Städel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11691727X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11691727X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8cb5f4d85‐tbmw8 Cached time: 20241126180020 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: 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