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</div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Gramatica" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Gramatica" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Gramatica" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Gramatica" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_tipes_de_gramatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_tipes_de_gramatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Los tipes de gramatica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_tipes_de_gramatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Las_classificacions_gramaticaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_classificacions_gramaticaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Las classificacions gramaticaus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Las_classificacions_gramaticaus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Las classificacions gramaticaus</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Las_classificacions_gramaticaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Las_categorias_gramaticaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_categorias_gramaticaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Las categorias gramaticaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Las_categorias_gramaticaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Las_foncions_sintaxicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Las_foncions_sintaxicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Las foncions sintaxicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Las_foncions_sintaxicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_cas_gramaticaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_cas_gramaticaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Los cas gramaticaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_cas_gramaticaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annèx</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèx-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèx</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ligams_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ligams intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gramatica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 171 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8D" title="ሰዋስው - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰዋስው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A0%DC%A5%DC%99%DC%90" title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকৰণ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্যাকৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrammatika" title="Qrammatika - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrammatika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قرامر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرامر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat%C4%97ka" title="Gramatėka - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gramatėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanghayan" title="Balanghayan - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Balanghayan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকরণ - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezhadur" title="Yezhadur - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-hu%C3%A1k" title="Ngṳ̄-huák - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngṳ̄-huák" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕێزمان - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێزمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarf" title="Sarf - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sarf" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadeg" title="Gramadeg - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gramadeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramer" title="Gramer - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gramer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دستور زبان - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستور زبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielioppi" title="Kielioppi - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kielioppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ll%C3%A6ra" title="Mállæra - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mállæra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaire" title="Grammaire - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grammaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatik" title="Gramatik - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gramatik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8r" title="Gramèr - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gramèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0mar" title="Gràmar - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gràmar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDtekuaa" title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammeydys" title="Grammeydys - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Grammeydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahawu" title="Nahawu - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nahawu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7" title="דקדוק - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקדוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyakaran" title="Vyakaran - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vyakaran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8" title="Gramè - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gramè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelvtan" title="Nyelvtan - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelvtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քերականություն - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քերականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_bahasa" title="Tata bahasa - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Málfræði - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gerna" title="gerna - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gerna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="វេយ្យាករណ៍ - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វេយ្យាករណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="문법 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAziman" title="Rêziman - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêziman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethador" title="Yethador - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammair" title="Grammair - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grammair" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ໄວຍະກອນ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄວຍະກອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsipi-pitenenana" title="Fitsipi-pitenenana - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsipi-pitenenana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Йылмылончыш - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йылмылончыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാകരണം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E" title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သဒ္ဒါမန် - Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သဒ္ဒါမန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatabahasa" title="Tatabahasa - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tatabahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB" title="သဒ္ဒါ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သဒ္ဒါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82" title="भाय्‌लचं - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भाय्‌लचं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatike" title="Gramatike - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gramatike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%9C%DF%8D" title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ - n’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seerluga" title="Seerluga - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seerluga" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Грамматикæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грамматикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garalita" title="Garalita - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Garalita" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granmo%C3%A8re" title="Granmoère - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Granmoère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatyka" title="Gramatyka - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gramatyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گریمر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریمر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_kamachiy" title="Simi kamachiy - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simi kamachiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83" title="Gramatică - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gramatică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ґраматіка - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґраматіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikibonezamvugo" title="Ikibonezamvugo - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikibonezamvugo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="व्याकरणम् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="व्याकरणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm%C3%A0tica" title="Grammàtica - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grammàtica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گرامر - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرامر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ව්‍යාකරණ - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ව්‍යාකරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_(jazykoveda)" title="Gramatika (jazykoveda) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gramatika (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovnica" title="Slovnica - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel%C3%A2opp%C3%A2" title="Kielâoppâ - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kielâoppâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarufi" title="Sarufi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sarufi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்) - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF)" title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి) - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дастури забон - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дастури забон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="ไวยากรณ์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวยากรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balarila" title="Balarila - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balarila" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilbilgisi" title="Dilbilgisi - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilbilgisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="گىرامماتىكا - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گىرامماتىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قواعدِ زبان - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قواعدِ زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadega" title="Gramadega - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gramadega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_ph%C3%A1p" title="Ngữ pháp - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat" title="Gramat - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gramat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croejhete_(linwince)" title="Croejhete (linwince) - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Croejhete (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igramma" title="Igramma - xhòsa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Igramma" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhòsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="גראמאטיק - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראמאטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaotica" title="Grammaotica - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Grammaotica" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="语法 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-hoat" title="Bûn-hoat - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 - 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Union_gascona.png/34px-Union_gascona.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Union_gascona.png/50px-Union_gascona.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Union_gascona.png/67px-Union_gascona.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Alibert_gramatica_occitana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Alibert_gramatica_occitana.jpg/220px-Alibert_gramatica_occitana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Alibert_gramatica_occitana.jpg/330px-Alibert_gramatica_occitana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Alibert_gramatica_occitana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Reedicion de <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> de la <i><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_occitana_segon_los_parlars_lengadocians" title="Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians">Gramatica occitana</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_Alib%C3%A8rt" title="Loís Alibèrt">Loís Alibèrt</a>, un exemple de manuau gramaticau.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>gramatica</b> (var. <b>gramàtica</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) es l'ensemble de las estructuras pròpias a ua <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a> o la descripcion d'aqueras estructuras e deu lor foncionament. Per extension, es tanben aperat <i>gramatica</i> un <a href="/wiki/Libre" title="Libre">manuau</a> o un ensemble de documents que balhan ua descripcion de las règlas gramaticaus d'ua <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Etimologia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Mot" title="Mot">mot</a> <i>gramatica</i> provien deu <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c_ancian" title="Grèc ancian">grèc ancian</a> γραμματικὴ τέχνη (<i>grammatikḕ téchnē</i>) que significa « art de las letras »<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aqueth <a href="/wiki/Mot" title="Mot">mot</a> es present, devath ua forma similara, dens mei d'ua <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a> <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèa</a> : <i>grammar</i> en <a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">anglés</a>, <i>grammaire</i> en <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>, <i>grammatik</i> en <a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">alemand</a>, <i>gramatika</i> en <a href="/wiki/Basco" class="mw-redirect" title="Basco">basco</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Los_tipes_de_gramatica">Los tipes de gramatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Los tipes de gramatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Los tipes de gramatica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mei d'un tipe de gramatica existeishen. Son generaurament definits en foncion de l'objectiu deu son autor. Ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_normativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatica normativa (la pagina existís pas)">gramatica normativa</a> (o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_prescriptiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatica prescriptiva (la pagina existís pas)">prescriptiva</a>) es ua gramatica que permet d'establir ua lenga estabilizada e coërenta. Permet donc de presentar una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normalizacion_ling%C3%BCistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normalizacion lingüistica (la pagina existís pas)">nòrma lingüistica</a> e respon a las necessitats de l'ensenhament e d'ua comunicacion larga. Aqueth tipe de gramatica es donc destinada prumèr aus <a href="/wiki/Educacion" title="Educacion">ensenhaires</a>, aus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esc%C3%B2la&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escòla (la pagina existís pas)">escolans</a> e aus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estudiant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estudiant (la pagina existís pas)">estudiants</a>. Ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_tradicionala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatica tradicionala (la pagina existís pas)">gramatica tradicionala</a> es sovent similara a ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_normativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatica normativa (la pagina existís pas)">gramatica prescriptiva</a> que contèn las règlas usuaument utilizadas tà escríver o parlar la lenga, mes pòt contenir d'errors. </p><p>Ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_descriptiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatica descriptiva (la pagina existís pas)">gramatica descriptiva</a> es ua gramatica que balha ua descripcion metodica e objectiva de l'utilizacion contemporanèa o <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorica</a> d'ua <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a> peus grops de populacion o per ua comunautat <a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%BCistica" title="Lingüistica">lingüistica</a>. Es un apròchi que se concentra suu emplec estandard e informau de la <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a> dens la vida quotidiana. Las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica_descriptiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatica descriptiva (la pagina existís pas)">gramaticas descriptivas</a> permeten donc l'evolucion de las <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lengas</a> en favorizar l'evolucion deu limit enter fòrmas corrèctas e incorrèctas. Los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatician&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatician (la pagina existís pas)">gramaticians</a> e los <a href="/wiki/Diccionari" title="Diccionari">diccionaris</a> adòptan generaument aquera vision dens los lors tribalhs<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Las_classificacions_gramaticaus">Las classificacions gramaticaus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Las classificacions gramaticaus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Las classificacions gramaticaus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los exemples presentats dins aqueth paragraf son gessits de l'<a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>. Las definicions avançadas son generaument aplicablas dens autas <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lengas</a>. Mès lo foncionament de las categorias dens aqueras lengas pòt estar diferent. Per exemple, los <a href="/wiki/Adv%C3%A8rbi" title="Advèrbi">advèrbis</a>, invariables en occitan, pòden variar de mei d'ua faiçon dens autes espacis lingüistics (derivacion<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sufixacion<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Las_categorias_gramaticaus">Las categorias gramaticaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Las categorias gramaticaus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Las categorias gramaticaus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria_gramaticau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria gramaticau (la pagina existís pas)">Categoria gramaticau</a>.</div> <p>Las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria_gramaticau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria gramaticau (la pagina existís pas)">categorias gramaticaus</a> designan los grops de <a href="/wiki/Mot" title="Mot">mots</a> aparentats. Aqueths mots hèn partida de la medisha categoria pr'amor qu'an la medisha natura e la medisha foncion dens la <a href="/wiki/Frasa" title="Frasa">frasa</a>. La categoria d'un <a href="/wiki/Mot" title="Mot">mot</a> es atau un element centrau de son « identitat ». Es donc generaument indicada dens los <a href="/wiki/Diccionari" title="Diccionari">diccionaris</a>. Lo nombre de categorias gramaticaus vària segon las <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lengas</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>, las categorias principaus son : </p> <ul><li>lo <a href="/wiki/Nom" title="Nom">nom</a> (o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Substantiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Substantiu (la pagina existís pas)">substantiu</a>) es l'element centrau deu <a href="/wiki/Grop_nominau" title="Grop nominau">grop nominau</a> e es lo sol element deu discors que posca designar entitats (personas, objèctes, lòcs, idèas, etc.). Dens la frasa, un nom es generaument davantejat per un determinant e pòt estar completat per diferents elements (<a href="/wiki/Adjectiu" title="Adjectiu">adjectiu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_deu_nom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complement deu nom (la pagina existís pas)">complement deu nom</a>, etc.).</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Adjectiu" title="Adjectiu">adjectiu</a> es un <a href="/wiki/Mot" title="Mot">mot</a> que caracteriza un nom tà exprimir ua qualitat, ua relacion o ua caracteristica deu nom.</li> <li>lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Determinant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Determinant (la pagina existís pas)">determinant</a> es un element que davanteja generaument un nom e que constitueish dab aqueth nom un <a href="/wiki/Grop_nominau" title="Grop nominau">grop nominau</a> dens la frasa. Es un actualizator que permet d'integrar un nom dens lo discors en balhà'u un referent (es a díser de'u ligar a ua realitat).</li> <li>lo <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rbe" title="Vèrbe">vèrbe</a>, element principau deu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grop_verbau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grop verbau (la pagina existís pas)">grop verbau</a>, es l'element a l'entorn deu quau s'organiza generaument ua frasa. Es un element variable tocat per mantuas categorias (persona, nombre, temps, mòde, aspècte, etc.).</li> <li>lo <a href="/wiki/Pronom" title="Pronom">pronom</a> es etimologicament un element que remplaça un nom dens la frasa. Mès aquò ne correspon pas tostemps a la realitat e, generaument, un pronom ne remplaça pas un nom isolat mès meilèu un grop nominau sancèr. I a tanben quauques pronoms que ne remplaçan pas nat nom.</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Adv%C3%A8rbi" title="Advèrbi">advèrbi</a> es un element invariable que se restaca a un aute element de la frasa (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rbe" title="Vèrbe">vèrbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adv%C3%A8rbi" title="Advèrbi">advèrbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjectiu" title="Adjectiu">adjectiu</a>, etc.). Es un element facultatiu de la <a href="/wiki/Frasa" title="Frasa">frasa</a> e, generaument, nat element ne despend d'eth.</li> <li>la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preposicion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preposicion (la pagina existís pas)">preposicion</a> es un mot invariable que serveish a religar dus elements d'ua frasa.</li> <li>la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjoncion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conjoncion (la pagina existís pas)">conjoncion</a> es un element invariable que permet de coordinar o de subordinar partidas d'ua frasa.</li> <li>l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interjeccion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interjeccion (la pagina existís pas)">interjeccion</a> es un element invariable qu'a un ròtle estilistic e expressiu.</li> <li>l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enonciatiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enonciatiu (la pagina existís pas)">enonciatiu</a> es ua especificitat de l'<a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Es un morfèma gramaticau invariable qu'a un ròtle estilistic e expressiu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Las_foncions_sintaxicas">Las foncions sintaxicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Las foncions sintaxicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Las foncions sintaxicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foncion_sintaxica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foncion sintaxica (la pagina existís pas)">Foncion sintaxica</a>.</div> <p>Las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foncion_sintaxica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foncion sintaxica (la pagina existís pas)">foncions sintaxicas</a> designan las foncions d'un mot o d'un grop de mots dens una <a href="/wiki/Frasa" title="Frasa">frasa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frasa_simpla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frasa simpla (la pagina existís pas)">simpla</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frasa_compl%C3%A8xa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frasa complèxa (la pagina existís pas)">complèxa</a> en considerar las lors relacions sintagmaticas dab los autes mots e grops de mots<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>, las foncions se destrian generaument en duas categorias que son las foncions primàrias e segondàrias. Las foncions primàrias, que dependen deu <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rbe" title="Vèrbe">vèrbe</a>, e las foncions segondàrias que dependen d'un aute element de la frasa. Dens las foncions primàrias, i a las que son essenciaus. Si aqueths elements son tirats, la frasa pèrd la soa gramaticalitat, es a dire la conformitat aus principis de foncionament reconeishuts de tots. Pasmens, dens las foncions primàrias, i a tanben las que accessòrias. Si aqueths elements son tirats, la frasa consèrva la soa gramaticalitat au prètz d'ua pèrta d'<a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacion</a>. Las foncions segondàrias son totas accessòrias. Corresponden aus alargaments deus constituents màgers de la frasa. Exemples de foncions sintaxicas son : </p> <ul><li>lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subj%C3%A8cte_(gramatica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjècte (gramatica) (la pagina existís pas)">subjècte</a> es l'element que balha au <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rbe" title="Vèrbe">vèrbe</a> las marcas de la persona e dau nombre.</li> <li>lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Predicat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predicat (la pagina existís pas)">predicat</a> es la partida de la frasa que contien lo vèrbe e que s'opausa au subjècte.</li> <li>los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_d%27obj%C3%A8cte_dir%C3%A8cte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complement d'objècte dirècte (la pagina existís pas)">complements d'objècte dirècte</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_d%27obj%C3%A8cte_indir%C3%A8cte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complement d'objècte indirècte (la pagina existís pas)">complements d'objècte indirècte</a> son elements que balhan ua <a href="/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion">informacion</a> suu <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rbe" title="Vèrbe">vèrbe</a>.</li> <li>lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_circonstanciau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complement circonstanciau (la pagina existís pas)">complement circonstanciau</a> ne son pas elements indispensables au foncionament d'ua <a href="/wiki/Frasa" title="Frasa">frasa</a>. A pas nada plaça determinada dens la frasa e pòt marcar lo lòc, lo temps, ua qualificacion... La màger part deu temps es un grop nominau, mès pòt estar tanben un <a href="/wiki/Adv%C3%A8rbi" title="Advèrbi">advèrbi</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Gerondiu" title="Gerondiu">gerondiu</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Infinitiu" title="Infinitiu">infinitiu</a>, una construccion participiau o ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subordinacion_(gramatica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subordinacion (gramatica) (la pagina existís pas)">proposicion subordinada</a> conjontiva.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_cas_gramaticaus">Los cas gramaticaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Los cas gramaticaus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Los cas gramaticaus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_gramaticau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas gramaticau (la pagina existís pas)">Cas gramaticau</a>.</div> <p>Los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_gramaticau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas gramaticau (la pagina existís pas)">cas gramaticaus</a> son trèits gramaticaus associats au <a href="/wiki/Nom" title="Nom">nom</a>, au <a href="/wiki/Pronom" title="Pronom">pronom</a>, a l'<a href="/wiki/Adjectiu" title="Adjectiu">adjectiu</a> e au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Determinant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Determinant (la pagina existís pas)">determinant</a>. Exprimeishen la soa foncion sintaxica dens la proposicion o lo son ròtle semantic en rapòrt dab lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A8s_(ling%C3%BCistica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procès (lingüistica) (la pagina existís pas)">procès</a> exprimit peu <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rbe" title="Vèrbe">vèrbe</a>. Per exemple, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acusatiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acusatiu (la pagina existís pas)">acusatiu</a> es lo cas deu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complement_d%27obj%C3%A8cte_dir%C3%A8cte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complement d'objècte dirècte (la pagina existís pas)">complement d'objècte dirècte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèx"><span id="Ann.C3.A8x"></span>Annèx</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèx" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèx"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligams_intèrnes"><span id="Ligams_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; list-style-type:decimal;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cas_gramaticau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cas gramaticau (la pagina existís pas)">Cas gramaticau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria_gramaticau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria gramaticau (la pagina existís pas)">Categoria gramaticau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugason" title="Conjugason">Conjugason</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diccionari" title="Diccionari">Diccionari</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">Escritura</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foncion_sintaxica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foncion sintaxica (la pagina existís pas)">Foncion sintaxica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frasa" title="Frasa">Frasa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">Lenga</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Normalizacion_ling%C3%BCistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normalizacion lingüistica (la pagina existís pas)">Normalizacion lingüistica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">Ortografia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintaxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintaxi (la pagina existís pas)">Sintaxi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocabulari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocabulari (la pagina existís pas)">Vocabulari</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_permanent_de_la_lenga_occitana" title="Congrès permanent de la lenga occitana">Lo Congrès permanent de la lenga occitana</a>, site generau sus la gramatica de l'occitan : <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://locongres.org/">[3]</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%A9s" title="Romanés">(ro)</a></b> Angela Bidu-Vrănceanu et al., <i>Dicționar general de științe. Științe ale limbii</i>, Editura științifică, 1997.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Henri Frei, <i>La grammaire des fautes. Introduction à la linguistique fonctionnelle. Assimilation et différenciation, brièveté et invariabilité, expressivité</i>, Slatkine Reprints, 1971.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Carol Genetti, <i>How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2014.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">(ru)</a></b> Иван Харалмпиев, <i>Лекции по история на българския книжовен език до Възраждането. Теоретични и методологични въпроси</i>, Велико Търново, Фабер.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; list-style-type:decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_permanent_de_la_lenga_occitana" title="Congrès permanent de la lenga occitana">Congrès permanent de la lenga occitana</a>, <i>Dicodòc - Multidiccionari occitan</i>, recèrca « grammaire », consultat lo 13 de heurèr de 2024, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://dicodoc.eu/fr/dictionnaires?option=com_dicodoc&view=search&Itemid=683&type=fr-oc&dic%5B%5D=BASIC&dic%5B%5D=RBVD&dic%5B%5D=ALPC&dic%5B%5D=ATAU&dic%5B%5D=PROV&dic%5B%5D=PNST&dic%5B%5D=OMLH&dic%5B%5D=LAUS&dic%5B%5D=LAGA&dic%5B%5D=LEMO&q=recherche&q2=&submit=Rechercher">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinat Toscano, <i>Diccionari de Lenga d'Òc d'après lo parlar niçard</i>, Auba Novèla, consultat lo 15 de heurèr de 2024, p. 827.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Douglas Harper, « Grammar », <i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i>, consultat lo 11 de genèr de 2024, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/grammar">[2]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2u" title="Espanhòu">(es)</a></b> Snježana Kordić, <i>Lengua y Nacionalismo</i>, Madrid, Euphonía Ediciones, 2014, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Es lo cas deu <a href="/wiki/Ongr%C3%A9s" title="Ongrés">magiar</a> (József Bokor, « Szófajtan », dens Anna A. Jászó, <i>A magyar nyelv könyve</i>, Trezor, 2007, pp. 197-253).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Es lo cas deu <a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%A9s" title="Romanés">romanés</a> (Dana Cojocaru, <i>Romanian Grammar</i>, SEELRC, 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasmens, los enonciatius n'existeishen pas sus tot lo domeni lingüistic deu <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%A9s" title="Romanés">(ro)</a></b> Angela Bidu-Vrănceanu et al., <i>Dicționar general de științe. Științe ale limbii</i>, Editura științifică, 1997, p. 352.</span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&oldid=2423251">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gramatica&oldid=2423251</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_gascon" title="Categoria:Article redigit en gascon">Article redigit en gascon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Lenga" title="Categoria:Lenga">Lenga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Gramatica" title="Categoria:Gramatica">Gramatica</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 17 febrièr de 2024 a 23.08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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