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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisc_gewritcr%C3%A6ft" title="Georgisc gewritcræft – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Georgisc gewritcræft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="خط جورجي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خط جورجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC_kalliqrafiyas%C4%B1" title="Gürcü kalliqrafiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gürcü kalliqrafiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Грузінская каліграфія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грузінская каліграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_kaligrafie" title="Gruzínská kaligrafie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gruzínská kaligrafie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωργιανή καλλιγραφία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωργιανή καλλιγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligraf%C3%ADa_georgiana" title="Caligrafía georgiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caligrafía georgiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiar_kaligrafia" title="Georgiar kaligrafia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georgiar kaligrafia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="خوشنویسی گرجی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوشنویسی گرجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphie_g%C3%A9orgienne" title="Calligraphie géorgienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calligraphie géorgienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligraf%C3%ADa_xeorxiana" title="Caligrafía xeorxiana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caligrafía xeorxiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BC" title="조지아의 캘리그래피 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지아의 캘리그래피" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վրացական գեղագրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վրացական գեղագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijska_kaligrafija" title="Gruzijska kaligrafija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gruzijska kaligrafija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligrafia_georgiana" title="Calligrafia georgiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calligrafia georgiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქართული კალიგრაფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქართული კალიგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligraphia_Georgiana" title="Calligraphia Georgiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calligraphia Georgiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BAz_kalligr%C3%A1fia" title="Grúz kalligráfia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grúz kalligráfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქორთული კალიგრაფია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქორთული კალიგრაფია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="グルジアのカリグラフィー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルジアのカリグラフィー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Гуьржийн калиграфи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуьржийн калиграфи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaligrafia_gruzi%C5%84ska" title="Kaligrafia gruzińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaligrafia gruzińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligrafia_georgiana" title="Caligrafia georgiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caligrafia georgiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузинская каллиграфия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грузинская каллиграфия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgialainen_kalligrafia" title="Georgialainen kalligrafia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georgialainen kalligrafia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B7%D3%A3" title="Хати гурҷӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хати гурҷӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC_kaligrafisi" title="Gürcü kaligrafisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gürcü kaligrafisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Грузинська каліграфія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грузинська каліграфія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="格鲁吉亚书法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格鲁吉亚书法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Calligraphy" title="Category:Calligraphy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KeitenAijin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/KeitenAijin.jpg/150px-KeitenAijin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/KeitenAijin.jpg/225px-KeitenAijin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/KeitenAijin.jpg/300px-KeitenAijin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4188" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By script</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_calligraphy" title="Turkish calligraphy">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_calligraphy" title="Persian calligraphy">Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_calligraphy" title="Indian calligraphy">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calligraphy" title="Tibetan calligraphy">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_calligraphy" title="Serbian calligraphy">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyaz_(Cyrillic_calligraphy)" title="Vyaz (Cyrillic calligraphy)">Vyaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hanzi</a>-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calligraphy" title="Korean calligraphy">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calligraphy" title="Japanese calligraphy">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calligraphy" title="Vietnamese calligraphy">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_calligraphy" title="Western calligraphy">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calligraphy" title="Mongolian calligraphy">Mongolian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Georgian calligraphy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">ქართული კალიგრაფია</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">kartuli k'aligrapia</span>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a>, or artistic writing of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a> using its three <a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian scripts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%E1%83%9C~%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A6~%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4~%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90.jpg/676px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="412" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:340px;max-width:340px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_XII_royal_charter,_1798.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/King_George_XII_royal_charter%2C_1798.jpg/338px-King_George_XII_royal_charter%2C_1798.jpg" decoding="async" width="338" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/King_George_XII_royal_charter%2C_1798.jpg/507px-King_George_XII_royal_charter%2C_1798.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/King_George_XII_royal_charter%2C_1798.jpg/676px-King_George_XII_royal_charter%2C_1798.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2175" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Tamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Tamar">Queen Tamar</a> (1187) and King <a href="/wiki/George_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="George XII">George XII</a> (1798) written in <i><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></i> calligraphy.</div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> has a centuries-old tradition of a calligraphic school. Hand-written books from the early centuries became a cultural and a national phenomenon in Georgia. Christianity had played an enormous role in Georgian literature life since the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a> and its monks contributed their life to the Georgian writing by creating manuscripts and all the historical records for the <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgian</a> nation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every year on April 14, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> celebrates the "Day of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a>". On this day the calligraphy contests are held, the winners are named and awards are given to the best calligraphers at the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Center_of_Manuscripts" title="Georgian National Center of Manuscripts">Georgian National Center of Manuscripts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Georgian calligraphy was actively created outside <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> as well. <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> created calligraphical, religious and scholar works in the following places: Georgian-built <a href="/wiki/Bachkovo_Monastery" title="Bachkovo Monastery">Petritsoni monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iviron_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Iviron monastery">Iviron monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Cross" title="Monastery of the Cross">Monastery of the Cross</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. They were also active at <a href="/wiki/Mar_Saba" title="Mar Saba">Mar Saba</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Within Georgia, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a> being the cultural center of the country had produced the most excellent masters of the Georgian calligraphy, art, literature and architecture. In 2022, the official "School of Georgian calligraphy" opened in Georgia, that will run courses for future calligraphers and font designers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calligraphers">Calligraphers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Calligraphers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_calligraphers" title="List of Georgian calligraphers">List of Georgian calligraphers</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1001px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambioni.ge/qartvel-mxatvar-kaligrafta-kavsiri/">ქართველ მხატვარ-კალიგრაფთა კავშირი</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manuscript.ge/index.php?m=831&ln=geo">ქართული კალიგრაფია</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212054530/http://www.manuscript.ge/index.php?m=831&ln=geo">Archived</a> February 12, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calligraphy-expo.com/eng/Personalities/Participants/Lasha_Kintsurashvili/Article.aspx?ItemID=54">About Georgian calligraphy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514143310/http://calligraphy-expo.com/eng/Personalities/Participants/Lasha_Kintsurashvili/Article.aspx?ItemID=54">Archived</a> May 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calligraphy-expo.com/eng/Personalities/Participants/Levan_Chaganava/Article.aspx?ItemID=128">Calligraphy fest in Tbilisi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085544/http://calligraphy-expo.com/eng/Personalities/Participants/Levan_Chaganava/Article.aspx?ItemID=128">Archived</a> April 7, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">Georgian Public Broadcaster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Co_jp1HkCek">საუკუნეების შემდეგ, ტრადიცია აღდგა - ქართული კალიგრაფიის სკოლა იხსნება</a> Oct 12, 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> Georgia <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9kT1Wgwro8">საუკუნეების შემდეგ აღდგენილი ტრადიცია – ქართული კალიგრაფიის სკოლა გაიხსნა</a> Oct 19, 2022</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sophioc.com/georgiantype">The Beauty of Georgia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/story/dgVREzi41T85Jg?fbclid=IwAR3LkBU45VnNo4Mre3thErzVyP3SnLt6NXELy3AWkY0ENBfAa4zDIfYJiC0">The Beautiful Fonts and Scripts of Georgia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgiancalligraphy.com/p/about.html">Georgian Calligraphy: About</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfOdWAun_jA"><span class="plainlinks">Documentary: History of the Georgian calligraphy</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Center_of_Manuscripts" title="Georgian National Center of Manuscripts">Georgian National Center of Manuscripts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Science_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia">Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgpaBgvKLPU"><span class="plainlinks">Documentary: Georgian calligrapher Lile Chkhetiani</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Imedi_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Imedi TV">Imedi TV</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcu.ge/">საქართველოს კალიგრაფთა კავშირი (Calligraphers Union of Georgia)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221234551/http://www.pcu.ge/">Archived</a> 2015-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/24502326.html">კალიგრაფია თუ ფონტი?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tbiliselebi.ge/?mas_id=268435530&year=2012&rubr_id=4&jurn_id=35">ვის აქვს ყველაზე ლამაზი ხელწერა საქართველოში და როგორ გადახატეს „ვეფხისტყაოსნის” აფორიზმები კონკურსანტებმა</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georgian_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Georgian_language" title="Template:Georgian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgian_language" title="Template talk:Georgian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_grammar" title="Georgian grammar">Georgian grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screeve" title="Screeve">Screeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_conjugation" title="Georgian conjugation">Verb paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_grammar" title="Laz grammar">Laz grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_grammar" title="Mingrelian grammar">Mingrelian grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg/320px-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_XVII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_keyboard" title="Georgian keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_numerals" title="Georgian numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">Romanization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encoding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Unicode <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_(Unicode_block)" title="Georgian (Unicode block)">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Supplement" title="Georgian Supplement">Georgian Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Extended" title="Georgian Extended">Georgian Extended</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Mac OS Georgian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genealogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Kartvelian_language" title="Proto-Kartvelian language">Proto-Kartvelian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Georgian%E2%80%93Zan_language" title="Proto-Georgian–Zan language">Proto-Georgian–Zan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karto-Zan_languages" title="Karto-Zan languages">Karto-Zan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zan_languages" title="Zan languages">Zan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Georgian" title="Old Georgian">Old Georgian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dialects" title="Georgian dialects">Georgian dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjaran_dialect" title="Adjaran dialect">Adjaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ani_(letter)" title="Ani (letter)">Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_(letter)" title="Bani (letter)">Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gani_(letter)" title="Gani (letter)">Gani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doni_(letter)" title="Doni (letter)">Doni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni_(letter)" title="Eni (letter)">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vini_(letter)" title="Vini (letter)">Vini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeni_(letter)" title="Zeni (letter)">Zeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_(Georgian_letter)" title="He (Georgian letter)">He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tani_(letter)" title="Tani (letter)">Tani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(Georgian_letter)" title="Ini (Georgian letter)">Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27ani" title="K'ani">K'ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasi_(letter)" title="Lasi (letter)">Lasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_(letter)" title="Mani (letter)">Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari_(letter)" title="Nari (letter)">Nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ie_(letter)" title="Ie (letter)">Ie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni_(letter)" title="Oni (letter)">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%27ari" title="P'ari">P'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhani" title="Zhani">Zhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae_(letter)" title="Rae (letter)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_(letter)" title="Sani (letter)">Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27ari" title="T'ari">T'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_(letter)" title="Vie (letter)">Vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_(letter)" title="Uni (letter)">Uni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari_(letter)" title="Pari (letter)">Pari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_(letter)" title="Kani (letter)">Kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghani_(letter)" title="Ghani (letter)">Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27ari" title="Q'ari">Q'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shini" title="Shini">Shini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chini_(letter)" title="Chini (letter)">Chini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsani" title="Tsani">Tsani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzili" title="Dzili">Dzili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ts%27ili" title="Ts'ili">Ts'ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%27ari" title="Ch'ari">Ch'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khani_(letter)" title="Khani (letter)">Khani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khari_(letter)" title="Khari (letter)">Khari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jani_(letter)" title="Jani (letter)">Jani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hae_(letter)" title="Hae (letter)">Hae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoe_(letter)" title="Hoe (letter)">Hoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fi_(letter)" title="Fi (letter)">Fi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Wikipedia" title="Georgian Wikipedia">Georgian Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_handwritten_European_scripts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_calligraphy" title="Template:European calligraphy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_calligraphy" title="Template talk:European calligraphy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_calligraphy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European calligraphy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_handwritten_European_scripts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">handwritten</a> European <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">scripts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient<br /> and medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cursive" title="Roman cursive">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustic_capitals" title="Rustic capitals">Rustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarda" title="Bastarda">Bastarda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a> <ul><li>Ustav</li> <li>Poluustav</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosančica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Glagolitic">Angular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_hand" title="Court hand">Court hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardic_capitals" title="Lombardic capitals">Lombardic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/100px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/150px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/200px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancery_hand" title="Chancery hand">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_script" title="Johannine script">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_minuscule" title="Humanist minuscule">Humanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_script" title="Italic script">Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_hand" title="Round hand">Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_hand" title="Secretary hand">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_hand" title="Library hand">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperplate_script" title="Copperplate script">Copperplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencerian_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencerian Method">Spencerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronde_script" title="Ronde script">Ronde</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cursive" title="Russian cursive">Russian cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoropis" title="Skoropis">Skoropis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_skoropys" title="Ukrainian skoropys">Ukrainian skoropys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">Shorthand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teaching_script" title="Teaching script">Teaching scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barchowsky_Fluent_Handwriting" title="Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting">Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Nealian" title="D'Nealian">D'Nealian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty-Dubay_Italic" title="Getty-Dubay Italic">Getty-Dubay Italic</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Grundschrift" title="Grundschrift">Grundschrift</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Method" title="Palmer Method">Palmer</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Vereinfachte_Ausgangsschrift" title="Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift">Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaner-Bloser_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaner-Bloser Method">Zaner-Bloser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&oldid=1226439305">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgian_calligraphy&oldid=1226439305</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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