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<script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> The Baltic Sea is an arm of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> that is enclosed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_European_Plain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North European Plain">North</a> and Central <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Plain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Plain">European Plain</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Baltic Sea region</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_Baltic_Sea.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Baltic_Sea.png/287px-The_Baltic_Sea.png" decoding="async" width="287" height="431" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Baltic_Sea.png/431px-The_Baltic_Sea.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Baltic_Sea.png/574px-The_Baltic_Sea.png 2x" data-file-width="1564" data-file-height="2346"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> Map of the Baltic Sea region </div></td> </tr> <tr class="adr"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th> <td class="infobox-data region"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D58_N_20_E_type:waterbody_region:XZ_scale:5000000">58°N 20°E / 58°N 20°E / 58; 20</a> (slightly east of the north tip of Gotland Island)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Body_of_water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th> <td class="infobox-data category"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sea">Sea</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inflow_(hydrology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflow (hydrology)">Primary inflows</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daugava_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daugava River">Daugava</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kemijoki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kemijoki">Kemijoki</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neman_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman</a> (Nemunas), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neva">Neva</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oder">Oder</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vistula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lule_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lule River">Lule</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narva_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narva River">Narva</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torne_%C3%A4lv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Torne älv">Torne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discharge (hydrology)">Primary outflows</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drainage_basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">1,641,650 km2 (633,840 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drainage_basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th> <td class="infobox-data">Coastal: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> Non-coastal: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belarus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th> <td class="infobox-data">1,601 km (995 mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. width</th> <td class="infobox-data">193 km (120 mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th> <td class="infobox-data">377,000 km2 (146,000 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th> <td class="infobox-data">55 m (180 ft)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th> <td class="infobox-data">459 m (1,506 ft)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th> <td class="infobox-data">21,700 km3 (1.76×1010 acre⋅ft)</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Water_cycle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Residence_times" title="Water cycle">Residence time</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">25 years</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shore length1</th> <td class="infobox-data">8,000 km (5,000 mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Baltic_islands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Baltic islands">Islands</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abruka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abruka">Abruka</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aegna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aegna">Aegna</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipelago_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea Islands</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bornholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A4nholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dänholm">Dänholm</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ertholmene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ertholmene">Ertholmene</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falster">Falster</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A5r%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fårö">Fårö</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fehmarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fehmarn">Fehmarn</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailuoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailuoto">Hailuoto</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiddensee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiddensee">Hiddensee</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiiumaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumaa</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holm%C3%B6arna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holmöarna">Holmöarna</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kassari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kassari">Kassari</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kesselaid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kesselaid">Kesselaid</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kihnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kihnu">Kihnu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimito%C3%B6n_(island)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimitoön (island)">Kimitoön</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B5inastu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kõinastu">Kõinastu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kotlin_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kotlin Island">Kotlin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laajasalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laajasalo">Laajasalo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lauttasaari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lauttasaari">Lauttasaari</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liding%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lidingö">Lidingö</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ljuster%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ljusterö">Ljusterö</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lolland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lolland">Lolland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manilaid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manilaid">Manilaid</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohni">Mohni</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%B8n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Møn">Møn</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muhu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muhu">Muhu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poel">Poel</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prangli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prangli">Prangli</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osmussaar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osmussaar">Osmussaar</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Öland">Öland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Replot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Replot">Replot</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruhnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruhnu">Ruhnu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%BCgen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rügen">Rügen</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saaremaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stora_Karls%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stora Karlsö">Stora Karlsö</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suomenlinna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suomenlinna">Suomenlinna</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakri_Islands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakri Islands">Suur-Pakri and Väike-Pakri</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ummanz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ummanz">Ummanz</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usedom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usedom">Usedom/Uznam</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4dd%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Väddö">Väddö</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4rmd%C3%B6_(island)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Värmdö (island)">Värmdö</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilsandi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilsandi">Vilsandi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vormsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vormsi">Vormsi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolin">Wolin</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copenhagen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greifswald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haapsalu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C5%ABrmala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jūrmala">Jūrmala</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuressaare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%A4rdla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kärdla">Kärdla</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lule%C3%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luleå">Luleå</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mariehamn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palanga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palanga">Palanga</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paldiski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paldiski">Paldiski</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallinn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turku">Turku</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ventspils?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ventspils">Ventspils</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th> <td class="infobox-data note"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff; border-top: 1px solid #cedeff">1 Shore length is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coastline_paradox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coastline paradox">not a well-defined measure</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. It is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continental_shelf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shelf_seas" title="Continental shelf">shelf sea</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marginal_sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal sea">marginal sea</a> of the Atlantic with limited water exchange between the two, making it an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inland_sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inland sea">inland sea</a>. The Baltic Sea drains through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a> into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kattegat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a> by way of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98resund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Øresund">Øresund</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little Belt">Little Belt</a>. It includes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a> (divided into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a>), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Riga">Gulf of Riga</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Gdańsk">Bay of Gdańsk</a>. The "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Proper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Proper">Baltic Proper</a>" is bordered on its northern edge, at latitude 60°N, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a> and the Gulf of Bothnia, on its northeastern edge by the Gulf of Finland, on its eastern edge by the Gulf of Riga, and in the west by the Swedish part of the southern Scandinavian Peninsula. The Baltic Sea is connected by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canal">artificial waterways</a> to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/White_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="White Sea">White Sea</a> via the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/White_Sea%E2%80%93Baltic_Canal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="White Sea–Baltic Canal">White Sea–Baltic Canal</a> and to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Bight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Bight">German Bight</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> via the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiel_Canal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiel Canal">Kiel Canal</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Definitions">1 Definitions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administration">1.1 Administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Traffic_history">1.2 Traffic history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Oceanography">1.3 Oceanography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hydrography_and_biology">1.4 Hydrography and biology</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymology_and_nomenclature">2 Etymology and nomenclature</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Name_in_other_languages">2.1 Name in other languages</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">3 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Classical_world">3.1 Classical world</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Middle_Ages">3.2 Middle Ages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#An_arena_of_conflict">3.3 An arena of conflict</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Since_World_War_II">3.4 Since World War II</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Storms_and_storm_floods">3.5 Storms and storm floods</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography">4 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geophysical_data">4.1 Geophysical data</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Extent">4.2 Extent</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Subdivisions">4.3 Subdivisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Temperature_and_ice">4.4 Temperature and ice</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hydrography">4.5 Hydrography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Salinity">4.6 Salinity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Major_tributaries">4.7 Major tributaries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Islands_and_archipelagoes">4.8 Islands and archipelagoes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coastal_countries">4.9 Coastal countries</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cities">4.9.1 Cities</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geology">5 Geology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#The_%22Baltic_Sea_anomaly%22">5.1 The "Baltic Sea anomaly"</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biology">6 Biology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fauna_and_flora">6.1 Fauna and flora</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Environmental_status">6.2 Environmental status</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Future_change">7 Future change</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy">8 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism">8.1 Tourism</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#The_Helsinki_Convention">9 The Helsinki Convention</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1974_Convention">9.1 1974 Convention</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1992_Convention">9.2 1992 Convention</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">10 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">11 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">12 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliography">12.1 Bibliography</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">13 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historical">13.1 Historical</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">14 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Definitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hel_in_summer.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hel_in_summer.jpg/220px-Hel_in_summer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="1032"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hel_in_summer.jpg/220px-Hel_in_summer.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hel_in_summer.jpg/330px-Hel_in_summer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hel_in_summer.jpg/440px-Hel_in_summer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hel_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hel Peninsula">Hel Peninsula</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Belte_inter.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Belte_inter.png/220px-Belte_inter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Belte_inter.png/220px-Belte_inter.png" data-width="220" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Belte_inter.png/330px-Belte_inter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Belte_inter.png/440px-Belte_inter.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Danish straits and southwestern Baltic Sea </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png/220px-Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="1207"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png/220px-Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png/330px-Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png/440px-Karta_%C3%B6fver_%C3%85land.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a> between Baltic Sea and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki_Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Marine_Environment_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area">Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area</a> includes the Baltic Sea and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kattegat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a>, without calling Kattegat a part of the Baltic Sea, "For the purposes of this Convention the 'Baltic Sea Area' shall be the Baltic Sea and the Entrance to the Baltic Sea, bounded by the parallel of the Skaw in the Skagerrak at 57°44.43'N."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Traffic_history">Traffic history</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Traffic history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Historically, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a> collected <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sound_Dues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sound Dues">Sound Dues</a> from ships at the border between the ocean and the land-locked Baltic Sea, in tandem: in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98resund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Øresund">Øresund</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kronborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kronborg">Kronborg</a> castle near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsing%C3%B8r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsingør">Helsingør</a>; in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nyborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nyborg">Nyborg</a>; and in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little Belt">Little Belt</a> at its narrowest part then <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fredericia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fredericia">Fredericia</a>, after that stronghold was built. The narrowest part of Little Belt is the "Middelfart Sund" near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middelfart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middelfart">Middelfart</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Oceanography">Oceanography</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Oceanography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Geographers widely agree that the preferred physical border between the Baltic and North Seas is the Langelandsbælt (the southern part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a> strait near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langeland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langeland">Langeland</a>) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drogden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drogden">Drogden</a>-Sill strait.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The Drogden Sill is situated north of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B8ge_Bugt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Køge Bugt">Køge Bugt</a> and connects <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drag%C3%B8r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dragør">Dragør</a> in the south of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copenhagen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malm%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>; it is used by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98resund_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Øresund Bridge">Øresund Bridge</a>, including the Drogden Tunnel. By this definition, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a> is part of the entrance, but the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Mecklenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Mecklenburg">Bay of Mecklenburg</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a> are parts of the Baltic Sea. Another usual border is the line between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falsterbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a>, Sweden, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stevns_Klint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stevns Klint">Stevns Klint</a>, Denmark, as this is the southern border of Øresund. It is also the border between the shallow southern Øresund (with a typical depth of 5–10 meters only) and notably deeper water. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hydrography_and_biology">Hydrography and biology</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hydrography and biology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drogden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drogden">Drogden</a> Sill (depth of 7 m (23 ft)) sets a limit to Øresund and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Darss">Darss</a> Sill (depth of 18 m (59 ft)), and a limit to the Belt Sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The shallow <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sill_(geology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sill (geology)">sills</a> are obstacles to the flow of heavy salt water from the Kattegat into the basins around <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bornholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>. The Kattegat and the southwestern Baltic Sea are well oxygenated and have a rich biology. The remainder of the Sea is brackish, poor in oxygen, and in species. Thus, statistically, the more of the entrance that is included in its definition, the healthier the Baltic appears; conversely, the more narrowly it is defined, the more endangered its biology appears. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Etymology_and_nomenclature">Etymology and nomenclature</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Etymology and nomenclature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> called it the Suebic Sea, Latin: Mare Suebicum after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic people">Germanic people</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suebi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ptolemy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarmatians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a> Ocean after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarmatians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> but the first to name it the Baltic Sea (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medieval_Latin_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Latin language">Medieval Latin</a>: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mare_Balticum" class="extiw" title="wikt:Mare Balticum">Mare Balticum</a>) was the eleventh-century German chronicler <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_of_Bremen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adam of Bremen">Adam of Bremen</a>. The origin of the latter name is speculative and it was adopted into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finnic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finnic languages">Finnic languages</a> spoken around the sea, very likely due to the role of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medieval_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartography">cartography</a>. It might be connected to the Germanic word belt, a name used for two of the Danish straits, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Belts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Belts">the Belts</a>, while others claim it to be directly derived from the source of the Germanic word, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> balteus "belt".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Latin-etymology-11">[11]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_of_Bremen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adam of Bremen">Adam of Bremen</a> himself compared the sea with a belt, stating that it is so named because it stretches through the land as a belt (Balticus, eo quod in modum baltei longo tractu per <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scythians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scythians">Scithicas</a> regiones tendatur usque in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancient_Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancient Greece">Greciam</a>). He might also have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>. Pliny mentions an island named <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltia">Baltia</a> (or Balcia) with reference to accounts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pytheas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xenophon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>. It is possible that Pliny refers to an island named Basilia ("the royal") in On the Ocean by Pytheas. Baltia also might be derived from "belt", and therein mean "near belt of sea, strait".[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Others have suggested that the name of the island originates from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root *bʰel meaning "white, fair",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> which may echo the naming of seas after colours relating to the cardinal points (as per <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Black_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1989310%E2%80%93313-13">[13]</a> This '*bʰel' root and basic meaning were retained in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuanian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> (as baltas), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> (as balts) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> (as bely). On this basis, a related hypothesis holds that the name originated from this Indo-European root via a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic language">Baltic language</a> such as Lithuanian.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Another explanation is that, while derived from the aforementioned root, the name of the sea is related to names for various forms of water and related substances in several European languages, that might have been originally associated with colors found in swamps (compare Proto-Slavic <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolto" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolto">*bolto</a> "swamp"). Yet another explanation is that the name originally meant "enclosed sea, bay" as opposed to open sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-baltu_valodas-15">[15]</a> In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Ages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> the sea was known by a variety of names. The name Baltic Sea became dominant after 1600. Usage of Baltic and similar terms to denote the region east of the sea started only in the 19th century.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Name_in_other_languages">Name in other languages</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Name in other languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or even Mare Germanicum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages, it is known by the equivalents of "East Sea", "West Sea", or "Baltic Sea" in different languages: <ul> <li>"Baltic Sea" is used in Modern English; in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic languages">Baltic languages</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> (Baltijas jūra; in Old Latvian it was referred to as "the Big Sea", while the present day Gulf of Riga was referred to as "the Little Sea") and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuanian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> (Baltijos jūra); in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> (Mare Balticum) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romance_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French language">French</a> (Mer Baltique), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (Mar Baltico), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portuguese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> (Mar Báltico), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> (Marea Baltică) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (Mar Báltico); in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek language">Greek</a> (Βαλτική Θάλασσα Valtikí Thálassa); in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albanian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> (Deti Balltik); in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Welsh_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> (Môr Baltig); in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish language">Polish</a> (Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech language">Czech</a> (Baltské moře or Balt), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian</a> (Baltsko morje), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgarian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> (Балтийско море Baltijsko More), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kashubian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a> (Bôłt), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macedonian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> (Балтичко Море Baltičko More), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukrainian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> (Балтійське море Baltijs′ke More), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belarusian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> (Балтыйскае мора Baltyjskaje Mora), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_(language)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian (language)">Russian</a> (Балтийское море Baltiyskoye More) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serbo-Croatian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> (Baltičko more / Балтичко море); in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungarian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> (Balti-tenger).</li> <li>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, except English, "East Sea" is used, as in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> (Oossee), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish language">Danish</a> (Østersøen <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Danish">[ˈøstɐˌsøˀn̩]</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (Oostzee), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German language">German</a> (Ostsee), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Low_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Low German">Low German</a> (Oostsee), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Icelandic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faroese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a> (Eystrasalt), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norwegian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a>: Østersjøen <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈø̂stəˌʂøːn]</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nynorsk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a>: Austersjøen), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swedish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> (Östersjön). In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old English">Old English</a> it was known as Ostsǣ,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> which does not however mean 'east sea' and may be related to a people known in the same work as the Osti.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Also in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungarian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> the former name was Keleti-tenger ("East-sea", due to German influence). In addition, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finnish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finnic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finnic languages">Finnic language</a>, uses the term Itämeri "East Sea", possibly a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calque">calque</a> from a Germanic language. As the Baltic is not particularly eastward in relation to Finland, the use of this term may be a leftover from the period of Swedish rule.</li> <li>In another Finnic language, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, it is called the "West Sea" (Läänemeri), with the correct geography (the sea is west of Estonia). In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Estonian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a>, it has the meaning of both "West Sea" and "Evening Sea" (Õdagumeri). In the endangered <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livonian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livonian language">Livonian language</a> of Latvia, the sea (and sometimes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irbe_Strait?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irbe Strait">Irbe Strait</a> as well) is called the "Large Sea" (Sūŗ meŗ or Sūr meŗ).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Classical_world">Classical world</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Classical world" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the time of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the Baltic Sea was known as the Mare Suebicum or Mare Sarmaticum. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaius_Cornelius_Tacitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Cornelius Tacitus">Tacitus</a> in his AD 98 Agricola and Germania described the Mare Suebicum, named for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suebi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> tribe, during the spring months, as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brackish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a> sea where the ice broke apart and chunks floated about. The Suebi eventually migrated southwest to temporarily reside in the Rhineland area of modern Germany, where their name survives in the historic region known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swabia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> called it the Germanic Sea in his work, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Getica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Getica">Getica</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Middle Ages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Putgarten,_Kap_Arkona_(2011-05-21)_3.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG/220px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2871" data-file-height="1919"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG/220px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG/330px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG/440px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_3.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cape_Arkona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cape Arkona">Cape Arkona</a> on the island of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%BCgen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rügen">Rügen</a> in Germany, was a sacred site of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rani_(Slavic_tribe)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rani (Slavic tribe)">Rani</a> tribe before Christianization. </figcaption> </figure> In the early <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Ages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Norse (Scandinavian) merchants built a trade empire all around the Baltic. Later, the Norse fought for control of the Baltic against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wends?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wends">Wendish tribes</a> dwelling on the southern shore. The Norse also used the rivers of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> for trade routes, finding their way eventually to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Black_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and southern Russia. This Norse-dominated period is referred to as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viking_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viking_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>, the Scandinavians have referred to the Baltic Sea as Austmarr ("Eastern Sea"). "Eastern Sea", appears in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heimskringla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a> and Eystra salt appears in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%B6rla_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sörla þáttr">Sörla þáttr</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxo Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a> recorded in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesta_Danorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a> an older name, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gandvik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gandvik">Gandvik</a>, -vik being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Norse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> for "bay", which implies that the Vikings correctly regarded it as an inlet of the sea. Another form of the name, "Grandvik", attested in at least one English translation of Gesta Danorum, is likely to be a misspelling.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In addition to fish the sea also provides <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amber">amber</a>, especially from its southern shores within today's borders of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>. First mentions of amber deposits on the South Coast of the Baltic Sea date back to the 12th century.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The bordering countries have also traditionally exported lumber, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pine_tar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pine tar">wood tar</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hemp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hemp">hemp</a> and furs by ship across the Baltic. Sweden had from early medieval times exported <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iron">iron</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silver">silver</a> mined there, while Poland had and still has extensive <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salt">salt</a> mines. Thus, the Baltic Sea has long been crossed by much merchant shipping.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The lands on the Baltic's eastern shore were among the last in Europe to be converted to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. This finally happened during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Crusades?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a> in the twelfth century by Swedes, and what are now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> in the early thirteenth century by Danes and Germans (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a>). The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutonic_Order?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> gained control over parts of the southern and eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, where they set up <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monastic_state_of_the_Teutonic_Knights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights">their monastic state</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianization of Lithuania">the last European state to convert to Christianity</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="An_arena_of_conflict">An arena of conflict</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: An arena of conflict" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/220px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/220px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/330px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/440px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Main trading routes of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanseatic_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> (Hanse). </figcaption> </figure> In the period between the 8th and 14th centuries, there was much piracy in the Baltic from the coasts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pomerania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prussia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victual_Brothers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victual Brothers">Victual Brothers</a> held <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Starting in the 11th century, the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic were settled by migrants mainly from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a>, a movement called the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostsiedlung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a> ("east settling"). Other settlers were from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polabian_Slavs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polabian Slavs">Polabian Slavs</a> were gradually assimilated by the Germans.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> gradually gained control over most of the Baltic coast, until she lost much of her possessions after being defeated in the 1227 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Bornh%C3%B6ved_(1227)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Bornhöved (1227)">Battle of Bornhöved</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_(Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten,_1660).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg/220px-Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="647"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg/220px-Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg/330px-Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg/440px-Eerste_fase_van_de_Zeeslag_in_de_Sont_-_First_phase_of_the_Battle_of_the_Sound_-_November_8_1658_%28Jan_Abrahamsz_Beerstraten%2C_1660%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The naval <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of the Sound">Battle of the Sound</a> took place on 8 November 1658 during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1658%E2%80%9360)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Swedish War (1658–60)">Dano-Swedish War</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea,_Published_1919.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg/220px-Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8700" data-file-height="9788"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg/220px-Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg/330px-Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg/440px-Admiralty_Chart_No_259_Baltic_Sea%2C_Published_1919.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Nautical chart of the Baltic Sea in 1919. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cap_Arcona_burning.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cap_Arcona_burning.jpg/220px-Cap_Arcona_burning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="172"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cap_Arcona_burning.jpg/220px-Cap_Arcona_burning.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Cap_Arcona_burning.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The burning <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cap_Arcona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap Arcona">Cap Arcona</a> shortly after the attacks, 3 May 1945. Only 350 survived of the 4,500 prisoners who had been aboard </figcaption> </figure> In the 13th to 16th centuries, the strongest economic force in Northern Europe was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanseatic_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>, a federation of merchant cities around the Baltic Sea and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. In the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> fought wars for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominium_maris_baltici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominium maris baltici">Dominium maris baltici</a> ("Lordship over the Baltic Sea"). Eventually, it was Sweden that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swedish_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swedish Empire">virtually encompassed the Baltic Sea</a>. In Sweden, the sea was then referred to as Mare Nostrum Balticum ("Our Baltic Sea"). The goal of Swedish warfare during the 17th century was to make the Baltic Sea an all-Swedish sea (Ett Svenskt innanhav), something that was accomplished except the part between Riga in Latvia and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Stettin</a> in Pomerania. However, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> dominated the Baltic trade in the seventeenth century.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the eighteenth century, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prussia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> became the leading powers over the sea. Sweden's defeat in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Northern_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> brought Russia to the eastern coast. Russia became and remained a dominating power in the Baltic. Russia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a> saw the strategic importance of the Baltic and decided to found his new capital, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, at the mouth of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neva">Neva</a> river at the east end of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>. There was much trading not just within the Baltic region but also with the North Sea region, especially eastern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="England">England</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: their fleets needed the Baltic timber, tar, flax, and hemp.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crimean_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, a joint British and French fleet attacked the Russian fortresses in the Baltic; the case is also known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland War">Åland War</a>. They bombarded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sveaborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveaborg">Sveaborg</a>, which guards <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kronstadt,_Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronstadt, Russia">Kronstadt</a>, which guards Saint Petersburg; and they destroyed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bomarsund,_%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomarsund, Åland">Bomarsund</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a>. After the unification of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a> in 1871, the whole southern coast became German. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War I">World War I</a> was partly fought in the Baltic Sea. After 1920 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a> was granted access to the Baltic Sea at the expense of Germany by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Corridor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a> and enlarged the port of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a> in rivalry with the port of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the Nazis' rise to power, Germany reclaimed the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memelland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Memelland">Memelland</a> and after the outbreak of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a> occupied the Baltic states. In 1945, the Baltic Sea became a mass grave for retreating soldiers and refugees on torpedoed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operation_Hannibal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operation Hannibal">troop transports</a>. The sinking of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_Gustloff_(ship)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Gustloff (ship)">Wilhelm Gustloff</a> remains the worst maritime disaster in history, killing (very roughly) 9,000 people. In 2005, a Russian group of scientists found over five thousand airplane wrecks, sunken warships, and other material, mainly from World War II, on the bottom of the sea.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Since_World_War_II">Since World War II</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Since World War II" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since the end of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>, various nations, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the United Kingdom and the United States have disposed of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemical_warfare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chemical warfare">chemical weapons</a> in the Baltic Sea, raising concerns of environmental contamination.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Today, fishermen occasionally find some of these materials: the most recent available report from the Helsinki Commission notes that four small scale catches of chemical munitions representing approximately 105 kg (231 lb) of material were reported in 2005. This is a reduction from the 25 incidents representing 1,110 kg (2,450 lb) of material in 2003.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Until now, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/U.S._Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government">U.S. Government</a> refuses to disclose the exact coordinates of the wreck sites. Deteriorating bottles leak <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mustard_gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mustard gas">mustard gas</a> and other substances, thus slowly poisoning a substantial part of the Baltic Sea.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After 1945, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">German population was expelled</a> from all areas east of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oder-Neisse_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder-Neisse line">Oder-Neisse line</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethnic cleansing">making room</a> for new Polish and Russian settlement. Poland <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Former eastern territories of Germany">gained most of the southern shore</a>. The Soviet Union gained another access to the Baltic with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, that had been part of German-settled <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Prussia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>. The Baltic states on the eastern shore were annexed by the Soviet Union. The Baltic then separated opposing military blocs: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warsaw_Pact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>. Neutral Sweden developed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Incident_weapon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Incident weapon">incident weapons</a> to defend its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territorial_waters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swedish_submarine_incidents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swedish submarine incidents">Swedish submarine incidents</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> This border status restricted trade and travel. It ended only after the collapse of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> regimes in Central and Eastern Europe in the late 1980s. Finland and Sweden joined NATO in 2023 and 2024, respectively, making the Baltic Sea almost entirely surrounded by the alliance's members, leading some commentators to label the sea a ″NATO lake″.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kirby_2023-26">[26]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RFI_2024_i241-27">[27]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France_24_2024_r479-28">[28]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Financial_Times_n260-29">[29]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kayali_2023_y072-30">[30]</a> Such an arrangement has also existed for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) since May 2004 following the accession of the Baltic states and Poland. The remaining non-NATO and non-EU shore areas are Russian: the Saint Petersburg area and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exclave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Storms_and_storm_floods">Storms and storm floods</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Storms and storm floods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Winter storms begin arriving in the region during October. These have caused numerous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shipwreck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shipwreck">shipwrecks</a>, and contributed to the extreme difficulties of rescuing passengers of the ferry <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M/S_Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="M/S Estonia">M/S Estonia</a> en route from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallinn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia, to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden, in September 1994, which claimed the lives of 852 people. Older, wood-based shipwrecks such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasa_(ship)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vasa (ship)">Vasa</a> tend to remain well-preserved, as the Baltic's cold and brackish water does not suit the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shipworm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shipworm">shipworm</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storm_surge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Storm surge">Storm surge</a> floods are generally taken to occur when the water level is more than one metre above normal. In Warnemünde about 110 floods occurred from 1950 to 2000, an average of just over two per year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Historic flood events were the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/All_Saints%27_Flood_of_1304?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="All Saints' Flood of 1304">All Saints' Flood of 1304</a> and other floods in the years 1320, 1449, 1625, 1694, 1784 and 1825. Little is known of their extent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> From 1872, there exist regular and reliable records of water levels in the Baltic Sea. The highest was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1872_Baltic_Sea_flood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1872 Baltic Sea flood">flood of 1872</a> when the water was an average of 2.43 m (8 ft 0 in) above sea level at Warnemünde and a maximum of 2.83 m (9 ft 3 in) above sea level in Warnemünde. In the last very heavy floods the average water levels reached 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) above sea level in 1904, 1.89 m (6 ft 2 in) in 1913, 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) in January 1954, 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) on 2–4 November 1995 and 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) on 21 February 2002.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Geophysical_data">Geophysical data</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geophysical data" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baltic_drainage_basins_(catchment_area).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg/220px-Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="666"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 284px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg/220px-Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="284" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg/330px-Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg/440px-Baltic_drainage_basins_%28catchment_area%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Baltic drainage basins (catchment area), with depth, elevation, major rivers and lakes </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2554" data-file-height="3126"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 269px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="269" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Curonian_Lagoon_and_Memel_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curonian_Lagoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curonian Lagoon">Curonian Lagoon</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curonian_Spit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curonian Spit">Spit</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> </figcaption> </figure> An arm of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, the Baltic Sea is enclosed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> to the west, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a> to the northeast, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_states?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic states">Baltic countries</a> to the southeast. It is about 1,600 km (990 mi) long, an average of 193 km (120 mi) wide, and an average of 55 metres (180 ft) deep. The maximum depth is 459 m (1,506 ft) which is on the Swedish side of the center. The surface area is about 349,644 km2 (134,998 sq mi) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and the volume is about 20,000 km3 (4,800 cu mi). The periphery amounts to about 8,000 km (5,000 mi) of coastline.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The Baltic Sea is one of the largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brackish_water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brackish water">brackish</a> inland seas by area, and occupies a basin (a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zungenbecken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zungenbecken">Zungenbecken</a>) formed by glacial erosion during the last few <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ice_age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ice age">ice ages</a>. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Physical characteristics of the Baltic Sea, its main sub-regions, and the transition zone to the Skagerrak/North Sea area<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center" rowspan="2">Sub-area</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center" colspan="2">Area</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center" colspan="2">Volume</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center" colspan="2">Maximum depth</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center" colspan="2">Average depth</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">km2</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">sq mi</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">km3</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">cu mi</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">m</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">ft</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">m</th> <th style="background: DarkCyan; color: white; text-align: center">ft</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left">Baltic proper</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011211069000000000">211,069</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011211069000000000">81,494</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7013130450000000000">13,045</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7013130450000000000">3,130</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002459000000000000">459</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002459000000000000">1,506</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001621000000000000">62.1</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001621000000000000">204</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left">Gulf of Bothnia</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011115516000000000">115,516</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011115516000000000">44,601</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7012638900000000000">6,389</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7012638900000000000">1,533</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002230000000000000">230</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002230000000000000">750</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001602000000000000">60.2</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001602000000000000">198</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left">Gulf of Finland</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010296000000000000">29,600</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010296000000000000">11,400</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7012110000000000000">1,100</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7012110000000000000">260</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002123000000000000">123</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002123000000000000">404</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001380000000000000">38.0</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001380000000000000">124.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left">Gulf of Riga</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010163000000000000">16,300</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010163000000000000">6,300</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011424000000000000">424</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011424000000000000">102</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001600000000000000">60</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001600000000000000">200</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001260000000000000">26.0</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001260000000000000">85.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left">Belt Sea/Kattegat</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010424080000000000">42,408</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010424080000000000">16,374</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011802000000000000">802</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011802000000000000">192</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002109000000000000">109</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002109000000000000">358</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001189000000000000">18.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001189000000000000">62</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">Total Baltic Sea</th> <th style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011415266000000000">415,266</th> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011415266000000000">160,335</td> <th style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7013217210000000000">21,721</th> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7013217210000000000">5,211</td> <th style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002459000000000000">459</th> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002459000000000000">1,506</td> <th style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001523000000000000">52.3</th> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7001523000000000000">172</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Extent">Extent</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Extent" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> defines the limits of the Baltic Sea as follows:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <dl> <dd> Bordered by the coasts of Germany, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, it extends north-eastward of the following limits: <ul> <li>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little Belt">Little Belt</a>. A line joining <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nieby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nieby">Falshöft</a> ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D54_47_N_9_57.5_E_">54°47′N 9°57.5′E / 54.783°N 9.9583°E / 54.783; 9.9583</a>) and Vejsnæs Nakke (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86r%C3%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ærø">Ærø</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D54_49_N_10_26_E_">54°49′N 10°26′E / 54.817°N 10.433°E / 54.817; 10.433</a>).</li> <li>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a>. A line joining Gulstav (South extreme of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langeland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langeland">Langeland</a> Island) and Kappel Kirke ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D54_46_N_11_01_E_">54°46′N 11°01′E / 54.767°N 11.017°E / 54.767; 11.017</a>) on Island of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lolland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lolland">Lolland</a>.</li> <li>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guldborgsund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guldborgsund">Guldborg Sound</a>. A line joining Flinthorne-Rev and Skjelby ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D54_38_N_11_53_E_">54°38′N 11°53′E / 54.633°N 11.883°E / 54.633; 11.883</a>).</li> <li>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98resund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Øresund">the Sound</a>. A line joining <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stevns_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stevns Peninsula">Stevns</a> Lighthouse ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D55_17_N_12_27_E_">55°17′N 12°27′E / 55.283°N 12.450°E / 55.283; 12.450</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falsterbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo Point</a> ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBaltic_Sea%26params%3D55_23_N_12_49_E_">55°23′N 12°49′E / 55.383°N 12.817°E / 55.383; 12.817</a>).</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Subdivisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif/220px-Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="547"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 215px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif/220px-Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif" data-width="220" data-height="215" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif/330px-Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif/440px-Baltic_marine_subdivisions_and_drainage_basins.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Regions and basins of the Baltic Sea:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> 1 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a> 2 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a> 1 + 2 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a>, partly also 3 & 4 3 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipelago_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a> 4 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Åland Sea">Åland Sea</a> 5 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a> 6 = Northern Baltic Proper 7 = Western <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland_Basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland Basin">Gotland Basin</a> 8 = Eastern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland_Basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland Basin">Gotland Basin</a> 9 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Riga">Gulf of Riga</a> 10 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Gdańsk">Bay of Gdańsk</a>/Gdansk Basin 11 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bornholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> Basin and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han%C3%B6bukten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanöbukten">Hanö Bight</a> 12 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cape_Arkona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cape Arkona">Arkona</a> Basin 6–12 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Proper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Proper">Baltic Proper</a> 13 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kattegat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a>, not an integral part of the Baltic Sea 14 = Belt Sea (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little Belt">Little Belt</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a>) 15 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96resund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Öresund">Öresund</a> (The Sound) 14 + 15 = <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>, not an integral part of the Baltic Sea </figcaption> </figure> The northern part of the Baltic Sea is known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a>, of which the northernmost part is the Bay of Bothnia or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a>. The more rounded southern basin of the gulf is called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a> and immediately to the south of it lies the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a> connects the Baltic Sea with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Riga">Gulf of Riga</a> lies between the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvian</a> capital city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riga">Riga</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> island of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saaremaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>. The Northern Baltic Sea lies between the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> area, southwestern Finland, and Estonia. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland_Basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland Basin">Western and Eastern Gotland basins</a> form the major parts of the Central Baltic Sea or Baltic proper. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bornholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> Basin is the area east of Bornholm, and the shallower <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cape_Arkona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cape Arkona">Arkona</a> Basin extends from Bornholm to the Danish isles of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falster">Falster</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zealand_(Denmark)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealand (Denmark)">Zealand</a>. In the south, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Gdańsk">Bay of Gdańsk</a> lies east of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hel_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hel Peninsula">Hel Peninsula</a> on the Polish coast and west of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sambia_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sambia Peninsula">Sambia Peninsula</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Pomerania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Pomerania">Bay of Pomerania</a> lies north of the islands of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usedom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usedom">Usedom/Uznam</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolin">Wolin</a>, east of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%BCgen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rügen">Rügen</a>. Between Falster and the German coast lie the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Mecklenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Mecklenburg">Bay of Mecklenburg</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_L%C3%BCbeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Lübeck">Bay of Lübeck</a>. The westernmost part of the Baltic Sea is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a>. The three <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Little_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Little Belt">Little Belt</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96resund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Öresund">The Sound</a> (Öresund/Øresund), connect the Baltic Sea with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kattegat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skagerrak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrak</a> strait in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Temperature_and_ice">Temperature and ice</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Temperature and ice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png/220px-BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1118" data-file-height="1548"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 305px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png/220px-BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png" data-width="220" data-height="305" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png/330px-BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png/440px-BalticSea_March2000_NASA-S2000084115409.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Satellite image of the Baltic Sea in a mild winter </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baltic_Sea_1551_(5496745361).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg/220px-Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5579" data-file-height="3689"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg/220px-Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg/330px-Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg/440px-Baltic_Sea_1551_%285496745361%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Traversing Baltic Sea and ice </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg/220px-Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg/220px-Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg/330px-Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg/440px-Skiing_on_the_ice_in_Haukilahti.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> On particularly cold winters, the coastal parts of the Baltic Sea freeze into ice thick enough to walk or ski on. </figcaption> </figure> The water temperature of the Baltic Sea varies significantly depending on exact location, season and depth. At the Bornholm Basin, which is located directly east of the island of the same name, the surface temperature typically falls to 0–5 °C (32–41 °F) during the peak of the winter and rises to 15–20 °C (59–68 °F) during the peak of the summer, with an annual average of around 9–10 °C (48–50 °F).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OurBalticSea-39">[39]</a> A similar pattern can be seen in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland_Basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland Basin">Gotland Basin</a>, which is located between the island of Gotland and Latvia. In the deep of these basins the temperature variations are smaller. At the bottom of the Bornholm Basin, deeper than 80 m (260 ft), the temperature typically is 1–10 °C (34–50 °F), and at the bottom of the Gotland Basin, at depths greater than 225 m (738 ft), the temperature typically is 4–7 °C (39–45 °F).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OurBalticSea-39">[39]</a> Generally, offshore locations, lower latitudes and islands maintain <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanic_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanic climate">maritime climates</a>, but adjacent to the water <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humid_continental_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humid continental climate">continental climates</a> are common, especially on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>. In the northern tributaries the climates transition from moderate continental to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subarctic_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic</a> on the northernmost coastlines. On the long-term average, the Baltic Sea is ice-covered at the annual maximum for about 45% of its surface area. The ice-covered area during such a typical winter includes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Riga">Gulf of Riga</a>, the archipelago west of Estonia, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm_archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm archipelago">Stockholm archipelago</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipelago_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a> southwest of Finland. The remainder of the Baltic does not freeze during a normal winter, except sheltered bays and shallow lagoons such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curonian_Lagoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curonian Lagoon">Curonian Lagoon</a>. The ice reaches its maximum extent in February or March; typical ice thickness in the northernmost areas in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a>, the northern basin of the Gulf of Bothnia, is about 70 cm (28 in) for landfast sea ice. The thickness decreases farther south. Freezing begins in the northern extremities of the Gulf of Bothnia typically in the middle of November, reaching the open waters of the Bothnian Bay in early January. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a>, the basin south of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvarken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvarken">Kvarken</a>, freezes on average in late February. The Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga freeze typically in late January. In 2011, the Gulf of Finland was completely frozen on 15 February.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The ice extent depends on whether the winter is mild, moderate, or severe. In severe winters ice can form around southern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and even in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>. According to the 18th-century natural historian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Derham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Derham">William Derham</a>, during the severe winters of 1703 and 1708, the ice cover reached as far as the Danish straits.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Frequently, parts of the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland are frozen, in addition to coastal fringes in more southerly locations such as the Gulf of Riga. This description meant that the whole of the Baltic Sea was covered with ice. Since 1720, the Baltic Sea has frozen over entirely 20 times, most recently in early 1987, which was the most severe winter in Scandinavia since 1720. The ice then covered 400,000 km2 (150,000 sq mi). During the winter of 2010–11, which was quite severe compared to those of the last decades, the maximum ice cover was 315,000 km2 (122,000 sq mi), which was reached on 25 February 2011. The ice then extended from the north down to the northern tip of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>, with small ice-free areas on either side, and the east coast of the Baltic Sea was covered by an ice sheet about 25 to 100 km (16 to 62 mi) wide all the way to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>. This was brought about by a stagnant <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High-pressure_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High-pressure area">high-pressure area</a> that lingered over central and northern Scandinavia from around 10 to 24 February. After this, strong southern winds pushed the ice further into the north, and much of the waters north of Gotland were again free of ice, which had then packed against the shores of southern Finland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The effects of the afore-mentioned high-pressure area did not reach the southern parts of the Baltic Sea, and thus the entire sea did not freeze over. However, floating ice was additionally observed near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a> harbor in January 2010. In recent years before 2011, the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea were frozen with solid ice near the Baltic coast and dense floating ice far from it. In 2008, almost no ice formed except for a short period in March.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG/220px-J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG/220px-J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG/330px-J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG/440px-J%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ed_Puhtulaiul_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Piles of drift ice on the shore of Puhtulaid, near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virtsu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virtsu">Virtsu</a>, Estonia, in late April </figcaption> </figure> During winter, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fast_ice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fast ice">fast ice</a>, which is attached to the shoreline, develops first, rendering ports unusable without the services of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Icebreaker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Icebreaker">icebreakers</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Level_ice&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Level ice (page does not exist)">Level ice</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ice_sludge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ice sludge (page does not exist)">ice sludge</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pancake_ice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pancake ice">pancake ice</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rafter_ice&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rafter ice (page does not exist)">rafter ice</a> form in the more open regions. The gleaming expanse of ice is similar to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arctic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>, with wind-driven pack ice and ridges up to 15 m (49 ft). Offshore of the landfast ice, the ice remains very dynamic all year, and it is relatively easily moved around by winds and therefore forms <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pack_ice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack ice">pack ice</a>, made up of large piles and ridges pushed against the landfast ice and shores. In spring, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia normally thaw in late April, with some ice ridges persisting until May in the eastern extremities of the Gulf of Finland. In the northernmost reaches of the Bothnian Bay, ice usually stays until late May; by early June it is practically always gone. However, in the famine year of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Famine_of_1866-68?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Famine of 1866-68">1867</a> remnants of ice were observed as late as 17 July near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uddsk%C3%A4r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddskär">Uddskär</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Even as far south as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98resund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Øresund">Øresund</a>, remnants of ice have been observed in May on several occasions; near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taarbaek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taarbaek">Taarbaek</a> on 15 May 1942 and near Copenhagen on 11 May 1771. Drift ice was also observed on 11 May 1799.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The ice cover is the main habitat for two large mammals, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grey_seal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grey seal">grey seal</a> (Halichoerus grypus) and the Baltic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringed_seal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringed seal">ringed seal</a> (Pusa hispida botnica), both of which feed underneath the ice and breed on its surface. Of these two seals, only the Baltic ringed seal suffers when there is not adequate ice in the Baltic Sea, as it feeds its young only while on ice. The grey seal is adapted to reproducing also with no ice in the sea. The sea ice also harbors several species of algae that live in the bottom and inside unfrozen brine pockets in the ice. Due to the often fluctuating winter temperatures between above and below freezing, the saltwater ice of the Baltic Sea can be treacherous and hazardous to walk on, in particular in comparison to the more stable fresh water-ice sheets in the interior lakes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hydrography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ostseetiefen.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ostseetiefen.png/220px-Ostseetiefen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="985"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 262px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ostseetiefen.png/220px-Ostseetiefen.png" data-width="220" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ostseetiefen.png/330px-Ostseetiefen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ostseetiefen.png/440px-Ostseetiefen.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Depths of the Baltic Sea in meters </figcaption> </figure> The Baltic Sea flows out through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>; however, the flow is complex. A surface layer of brackish water discharges 940 km3 (230 cu mi) per year into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. Due to the difference in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salinity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salinity">salinity</a>, by salinity permeation principle, a sub-surface layer of more saline water moving in the opposite direction brings in 475 km3 (114 cu mi) per year. It mixes very slowly with the upper waters, resulting in a salinity gradient from top to bottom, with most of the saltwater remaining below 40 to 70 m (130 to 230 ft) deep. The general circulation is anti-clockwise: northwards along its eastern boundary, and south along with the western one .<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alhonen-48">[48]</a> The difference between the outflow and the inflow comes entirely from fresh <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Water">water</a>. More than 250 streams drain a basin of about 1,600,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), contributing a volume of 660 km3 (160 cu mi) per year to the Baltic. They include the major rivers of north Europe, such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oder">Oder</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vistula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neman_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daugava_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daugava River">Daugava</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neva">Neva</a>. Additional fresh water comes from the difference of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> less evaporation, which is positive. An important source of salty water is infrequent inflows (also known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_Baltic_Inflow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Baltic Inflow">major Baltic inflows</a> or MBIs) of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> water into the Baltic. Such inflows, important to the Baltic ecosystem because of the oxygen they transport into the Baltic deeps, happen on average once per year, but large pulses that can replace the anoxic deep water in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland_Basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland Basin">Gotland Deep</a> occur about once in ten years. Previously, it was believed that the frequency of MBIs had declined since 1980, but recent studies have challenged this view and no longer display a clear change in the frequency or intensity of saline inflows. Instead, a decadal variability in the intensities of MBIs is observed with a main period of approximately 30 years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The water level is generally far more dependent on the regional wind situation than on tidal effects. However, tidal currents occur in narrow passages in the western parts of the Baltic Sea. Tides can reach 17 to 19 cm (6.7 to 7.5 in) in the Gulf of Finland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Significant_wave_height?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Significant wave height">significant wave height</a> is generally much lower than that of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. Quite violent, sudden storms sweep the surface ten or more times a year, due to large transient temperature differences and a long reach of the wind. Seasonal winds also cause small changes in sea level, of the order of 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) .<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alhonen-48">[48]</a> According to the media, during a storm in January 2017, an extreme wave above 14 m (46 ft) has been measured and significant wave height of around 8 m (26 ft) has been measured by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finnish_Meteorological_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finnish Meteorological Institute">FMI</a>. A numerical study has shown the presence of events with 8 to 10 m (26 to 33 ft) significant wave heights. Those extreme waves events can play an important role in the coastal zone on erosion and sea dynamics.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Salinity">Salinity</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Salinity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg/220px-Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4739" data-file-height="2750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg/220px-Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg/330px-Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg/440px-Sunny_day_on_the_coast_on_Baltic_sea.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Baltic Sea near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Karkl%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Karklė (page does not exist)">Karklė</a>). </figcaption> </figure> The Baltic Sea is the world's largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brackish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a> sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leijonmalm2017-53">[53]</a> Only two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_brackish_bodies_of_water?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of brackish bodies of water">other brackish waters</a> are larger according to some measurements: The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Black_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> is larger in both surface area and water volume, but most of it is located outside the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continental_shelf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a> (only a small fraction is inland). The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caspian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> is larger in water volume, but—despite its name—it is a lake rather than a sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leijonmalm2017-53">[53]</a> The Baltic Sea's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salinity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salinity">salinity</a> is much lower than that of ocean water (which averages 3.5%), as a result of abundant freshwater runoff from the surrounding land (rivers, streams and alike), combined with the shallowness of the sea itself; runoff contributes roughly one-fortieth its total volume per year, as the volume of the basin is about 21,000 km3 (5,000 cu mi) and yearly runoff is about 500 km3 (120 cu mi).[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The open surface waters of the Baltic Sea "proper" generally have a salinity of 0.3 to 0.9%, which is border-line <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freshwater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a>. The flow of freshwater into the sea from approximately two hundred rivers and the introduction of salt from the southwest builds up a gradient of salinity in the Baltic Sea. The highest surface salinities, generally 0.7–0.9%, are in the southwesternmost part of the Baltic, in the Arkona and Bornholm basins (the former located roughly between southeast <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> and Bornholm, and the latter directly east of Bornholm). It gradually falls further east and north, reaching the lowest in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a> at around 0.3%.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hydrogeography&Oxygen-54">[54]</a> Drinking the surface water of the Baltic as a means of survival would actually hydrate the body instead of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dehydration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dehydration">dehydrating</a>, as is the case with ocean water.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[note 1]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As saltwater is denser than freshwater, the bottom of the Baltic Sea is saltier than the surface. This creates a vertical stratification of the water column, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halocline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halocline">halocline</a>, that represents a barrier to the exchange of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxygen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and nutrients, and fosters completely separate maritime environments.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[55]</a> The difference between the bottom and surface salinities varies depending on location. Overall it follows the same southwest to east and north pattern as the surface. At the bottom of the Arkona Basin (equalling depths greater than 40 m or 130 ft) and Bornholm Basin (depths greater than 80 m or 260 ft) it is typically 1.4–1.8%. Further east and north the salinity at the bottom is consistently lower, being the lowest in Bothnian Bay (depths greater than 120 m or 390 ft) where it is slightly below 0.4%, or only marginally higher than the surface in the same region.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hydrogeography&Oxygen-54">[54]</a> In contrast, the salinity of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>, which connect the Baltic Sea and Kattegat, tends to be significantly higher, but with major variations from year to year. For example, the surface and bottom salinity in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt">Great Belt</a> is typically around 2.0% and 2.8% respectively, which is only somewhat below that of the Kattegat.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hydrogeography&Oxygen-54">[54]</a> The water surplus caused by the continuous inflow of rivers and streams to the Baltic Sea means that there generally is a flow of brackish water out through the Danish straits to the Kattegat (and eventually the Atlantic).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Muus1999-57">[56]</a> Significant flows in the opposite direction, salt water from the Kattegat through the Danish straits to the Baltic Sea, are less regular and are known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_Baltic_Inflow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Baltic Inflow">major Baltic inflows (MBIs)</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Major_tributaries">Major tributaries</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Major tributaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of rivers of the Baltic Sea">List of rivers of the Baltic Sea</a> </div> The rating of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discharge (hydrology)">mean discharges</a> differs from the ranking of hydrological lengths (from the most distant source to the sea) and the rating of the nominal lengths. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B6ta_%C3%A4lv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Göta älv">Göta älv</a>, a tributary of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kattegat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a>, is not listed, as due to the northward upper low-salinity-flow in the sea, its water hardly reaches the Baltic proper: <table class="wikitable sortable" style="padding:6px; spacing:6px;"> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Name</th> <th colspan="2">Mean discharge</th> <th colspan="2">Length</th> <th colspan="2">Basin area</th> <th rowspan="2">States sharing the basin</th> <th rowspan="2">Longest watercourse</th> </tr> <tr> <th>m3/s</th> <th>cu ft/s</th> <th>km</th> <th>mi</th> <th>km2</th> <th>sq mi</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neva">Neva</a> (nominal)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7003250000000000000">2,500</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7003250000000000000">88,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7004740000000000000">74</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7004740000000000000">46</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011281000000000000">281,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011281000000000000">108,000</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a> (Ladoga-affluent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuoksi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vuoksi">Vuoksi</a>)</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suna_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suna River">Suna</a> (280 km; 170 mi) → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Onega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Onega">Lake Onega</a> (160 km; 99 mi) → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svir_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Svir River">Svir</a> (224 km; 139 mi) → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Ladoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a> (122 km; 76 mi) → Neva</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Neva (hydrological)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7003250000000000000">2,500</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7003250000000000000">88,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005860000000000000">860</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005860000000000000">530</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011281000000000000">281,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011281000000000000">108,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vistula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vistula">Vistula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7003108000000000000">1,080</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7003108000000000000">38,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7006104700000000000">1,047</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7006104700000000000">651</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011194424000000000">194,424</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011194424000000000">75,068</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, tributaries: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belarus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bug_(river)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bug (river)">Bug</a> (774 km; 481 mi) → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narew">Narew</a> (22 km; 14 mi) → Vistula (156 km; 97 mi) total 1204 km; 127 mi</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daugava_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daugava River">Daugava</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002678000000000000">678</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002678000000000000">23,900</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7006102000000000000">1,020</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7006102000000000000">630</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010879000000000000">87,900</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010879000000000000">33,900</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> (source), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belarus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neman_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman River">Neman</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002678000000000000">678</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002678000000000000">23,900</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005937000000000000">937</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005937000000000000">582</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010982000000000000">98,200</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010982000000000000">37,900</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belarus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (source), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kemijoki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kemijoki">Kemijoki</a> (main river)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002556000000000000">556</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002556000000000000">19,600</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005550000000000000">550</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005550000000000000">340</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010511270000000000">51,127</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010511270000000000">19,740</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norway">Norway</a> (source of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ounasjoki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ounasjoki">Ounasjoki</a>)</td> <td rowspan="2">longer tributary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kitinen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kitinen">Kitinen</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kemijoki (river system)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002556000000000000">556</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002556000000000000">19,600</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005600000000000000">600</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005600000000000000">370</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010511270000000000">51,127</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010511270000000000">19,740</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oder">Oder</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002540000000000000">540</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002540000000000000">19,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005866000000000000">866</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005866000000000000">538</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011118861000000000">118,861</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7011118861000000000">45,892</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (source), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warta">Warta</a> (808 km; 502 mi) → Oder (180 km; 110 mi) total: 928 km; 577 mi</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lule_%C3%A4lv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule älv">Lule älv</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002506000000000000">506</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002506000000000000">17,900</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005461000000000000">461</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005461000000000000">286</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010252400000000000">25,240</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010252400000000000">9,750</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narva_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narva River">Narva</a> (nominal)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002415000000000000">415</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002415000000000000">14,700</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7004770000000000000">77</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7004770000000000000">48</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010562000000000000">56,200</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010562000000000000">21,700</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> (source of Velikaya), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Velikaya_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Velikaya River">Velikaya</a> (430 km; 270 mi) → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Peipus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Peipus">Lake Peipus</a> (145 km; 90 mi) → Narva</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Narva (hydrological)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002415000000000000">415</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002415000000000000">14,700</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005652000000000000">652</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005652000000000000">405</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010562000000000000">56,200</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010562000000000000">21,700</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torne_%C3%A4lv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Torne älv">Torne älv</a> (nominal)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002388000000000000">388</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002388000000000000">13,700</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005520000000000000">520</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005520000000000000">320</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010401310000000000">40,131</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010401310000000000">15,495</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norway">Norway</a> (source), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Válfojohka → Kamajåkka → Abiskojaure → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abiskojokk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abiskojokk">Abiskojokk</a> (total 40 km; 25 mi) → <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tornetr%C3%A4sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torneträsk">Torneträsk</a> (70 km; 43 mi) → Torne älv</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Torne älv (hydrological)</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002388000000000000">388</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7002388000000000000">13,700</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005630000000000000">630</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005630000000000000">390</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010401310000000000">40,131</td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7010401310000000000">15,495</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Islands_and_archipelagoes">Islands and archipelagoes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Islands and archipelagoes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">List of islands in the Baltic Sea</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg/220px-Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="992"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 67px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg/220px-Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg/330px-Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg/440px-Skerries_which_are_part_of_the_%C3%85land_Islands.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skerry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skerry">Skerries</a> form an integral and typical part of many of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipelago">archipelagos</a> of the Baltic Sea, such as these in the archipelago of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg/220px-Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg/220px-Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg/330px-Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg/440px-Kors%C3%B6_Kroks%C3%B6_Sand%C3%B6n_February_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm_archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm archipelago">Stockholm archipelago</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg/220px-Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg/220px-Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg/330px-Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg/440px-Bornholm_luftaufnahme.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Aerial view of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bornholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>, Denmark </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea(1).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg/220px-Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg/220px-Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg/330px-Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg/440px-Cloud_cumulonimbus_at_baltic_sea%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> At <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Öland">Öland</a>, Sweden </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomous_entity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous entity">autonomous</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipelago_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>) <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pargas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pargas">Pargas</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nagu">Nagu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korpo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korpo">Korpo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Houtsk%C3%A4r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Houtskär">Houtskär</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kustavi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kustavi">Kustavi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kimito">Kimito</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blekinge_archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blekinge archipelago">Blekinge archipelago</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bornholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christians%C3%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiansø">Christiansø</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falster">Falster</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hailuoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hailuoto">Hailuoto</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kotlin_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kotlin Island">Kotlin</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lolland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lolland">Lolland</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvarken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvarken">Kvarken</a> archipelago, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vals%C3%B6rarna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valsörarna">Valsörarna</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%B8n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Møn">Møn</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Öland">Öland</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%BCgen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rügen">Rügen</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm_archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm archipelago">Stockholm archipelago</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>) <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4rmd%C3%B6n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Värmdön">Värmdön</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>)</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usedom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usedom">Usedom</a> or Uznam (split between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Estonian_archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West Estonian archipelago">West Estonian archipelago</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>): <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiiumaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumaa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muhu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muhu">Muhu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saaremaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vormsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vormsi">Vormsi</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolin">Wolin</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Coastal_countries">Coastal countries</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Coastal countries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg/220px-Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="476"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 279px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg/220px-Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="279" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg/330px-Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg/440px-Population_density_in_the_Baltic_Sea_catchment_area.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Population density in the Baltic Sea catchment area </figcaption> </figure> Countries that border the sea: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden. Countries lands in the outer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drainage_basin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>: Belarus, Czech Republic, Norway, Slovakia, Ukraine. The Baltic Sea drainage basin is roughly four times the surface area of the sea itself. About 48% of the region is forested, with Sweden and Finland containing the majority of the forest, especially around the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland. About 20% of the land is used for agriculture and pasture, mainly in Poland and around the edge of the Baltic Proper, in Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. About 17% of the basin is unused open land with another 8% of wetlands. Most of the latter are in the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland. The rest of the land is heavily populated. About 85 million people live in the Baltic drainage basin, 15 million within 10 km (6 mi) of the coast and 29 million within 50 km (31 mi) of the coast. Around 22 million live in population centers of over 250,000. 90% of these are concentrated in the 10 km (6 mi) band around the coast. Of the nations containing all or part of the basin, Poland includes 45% of the 85 million, Russia 12%, Sweden 10% and the others less than 6% each.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Cities">Cities</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_around_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea">List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4258" data-file-height="2839"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/220px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/330px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg/440px-Spb_06-2017_img01_Spit_of_Vasilievsky_Island.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasilyevsky_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vasilyevsky Island">Vasilyevsky Island</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Stockholm_8721-B_(9870833193).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg/220px-Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7295" data-file-height="4815"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg/220px-Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg/330px-Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg/440px-Stockholm_8721-B_%289870833193%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> in Sweden </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG/220px-Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4546" data-file-height="2251"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG/220px-Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG/330px-Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG/440px-Riga_Petrikirche_Blick_vom_Turm_8.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riga">Riga</a> in Latvia </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg/220px-Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3630" data-file-height="2420"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg/220px-Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg/330px-Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg/440px-Paasitorni_by_the_sea.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> in Finland </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze,_Gdansk,_Polonia,_2013-05-20,_DD_07.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg/220px-Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5212" data-file-height="3326"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg/220px-Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg/330px-Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg/440px-Calle_Dlugie_Pobrzeze%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_07.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> in Poland </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallinn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> in Estonia </figcaption> </figure> The biggest coastal cities (by population): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> (Russia) 5,392,992 (metropolitan area 6,000,000)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> (Sweden) 962,154 (metropolitan area 2,315,612)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> (Finland) 665,558 (metropolitan area 1,559,558)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riga">Riga</a> (Latvia) 614,618 (metropolitan area 1,070,00)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> (Poland) 462,700 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tricity,_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tricity, Poland">metropolitan area</a> 1,041,000)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallinn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (Estonia) 458,398 (metropolitan area 542,983)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> (Russia) 431,500</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a> (Poland) 413,600 (metropolitan area 778,000)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espoo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espoo">Espoo</a> (Finland) 306,792 (part of Helsinki metropolitan area)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a> (Poland) 255,600 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tricity,_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tricity, Poland">metropolitan area</a> 1,041,000)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> (Germany) 247,000<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> (Germany) 216,100</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rostock">Rostock</a> (Germany) 212,700</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> (Lithuania) 194,400</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oulu">Oulu</a> (Finland) 191,050</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turku">Turku</a> (Finland) 180,350</li> </ul> </div> Other important ports: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul> <li>Estonia: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a> 44,568</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maardu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maardu">Maardu</a> 16,570</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sillam%C3%A4e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sillamäe">Sillamäe</a> 16,567</li> </ul></li> <li>Finland: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pori">Pori</a> 83,272</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kotka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kotka">Kotka</a> 54,887</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kokkola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kokkola">Kokkola</a> 46,809</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Naantali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Naantali">Port of Naantali</a> 18,789</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mariehamn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a> 11,372</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanko,_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanko, Finland">Hanko</a> 9,270</li> </ul></li> <li>Germany: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flensburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> 94,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stralsund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a> 58,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greifswald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a> 55,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wismar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wismar">Wismar</a> 44,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eckernf%C3%B6rde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eckernförde">Eckernförde</a> 22,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neustadt_in_Holstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neustadt in Holstein">Neustadt in Holstein</a> 16,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolgast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolgast">Wolgast</a> 12,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sassnitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sassnitz">Sassnitz</a> 10,000</li> </ul></li> <li>Latvia: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a> 85,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ventspils?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ventspils">Ventspils</a> 44,000</li> </ul></li> <li>Lithuania: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palanga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palanga">Palanga</a> 17,000</li> </ul></li> <li>Poland: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a> 44,800</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a> 41,500</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Police</a> 34,284</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82awowo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władysławowo">Władysławowo</a> 15,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darłowo">Darłowo</a> 14,000</li> </ul></li> <li>Russia: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vyborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vyborg">Vyborg</a> 79,962</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltiysk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltiysk">Baltiysk</a> 34,000</li> </ul></li> <li>Sweden: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norrköping">Norrköping</a> 84,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A4vle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gävle">Gävle</a> 75,451</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trelleborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trelleborg">Trelleborg</a> 26,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlshamn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlshamn">Karlshamn</a> 19,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxel%C3%B6sund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxelösund">Oxelösund</a> 11,000</li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geology_of_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geology of the Baltic Sea">Geology of the Baltic Sea</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:435px;max-width:435px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg/250px-Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="340" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1306"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 340px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg/250px-Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="250" data-height="340" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg/375px-Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg/500px-Baltic_History_7500-BC.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancylus_Lake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancylus Lake">Ancylus Lake</a> around 8700 years <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Before_Present?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Before Present">BP</a>. The relic of Scandinavian Glacier in white. The rivers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svea_%C3%A4lv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Svea älv">Svea älv</a> (Svea river) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%B6ta_%C3%A4lv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Göta älv">Göta älv</a> formed an outlet to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>. </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png/177px-Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png" decoding="async" width="177" height="340" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="1632"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 177px;height: 340px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png/177px-Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png" data-alt="" data-width="177" data-height="340" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png/266px-Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png/354px-Suomi_jaakauden_jalkeen.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Much of modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a> is former seabed or archipelago: illustrated are sea levels immediately after the last ice age. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> The Baltic Sea somewhat resembles a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="River">riverbed</a>, with two tributaries, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geology">Geological</a> surveys show that before the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pleistocene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>, instead of the Baltic Sea, there was a wide plain around a great river that paleontologists call the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eridanos_(geology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eridanos (geology)">Eridanos</a>. Several Pleistocene <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glaciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glacial</a> episodes scooped out the river bed into the sea basin. By the time of the last, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eemian_Stage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eemian Stage">Eemian Stage</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marine_isotopic_stage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine isotopic stage">MIS</a> 5e), the Eemian Sea was in place. Instead of a true sea, the Baltic can even today also be understood as the common <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuary">estuary</a> of all rivers flowing into it. From that time the waters underwent a geologic history summarized under the names listed below. Many of the stages are named after marine animals (e.g. the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Littorina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Littorina">Littorina</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mollusk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusk">mollusk</a>) that are clear markers of changing water temperatures and salinity. The factors that determined the sea's characteristics were the submergence or emergence of the region due to the weight of ice and subsequent isostatic readjustment, and the connecting channels it found to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>, either through the straits of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> or at what are now the large lakes of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/White_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="White Sea">White Sea</a>-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arctic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic Sea">Arctic Sea</a>. <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eemian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eemian Sea">Eemian Sea</a>, 130,000–115,000 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Before_present?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Before present">years ago</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Ice_Lake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Ice Lake">Baltic Ice Lake</a>, 12,600–10,300</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yoldia_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yoldia Sea">Yoldia Sea</a>, 10,300–9500</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancylus_Lake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancylus Lake">Ancylus Lake</a>, 9,500–8,000</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mastogloia_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mastogloia Sea">Mastogloia Sea</a>, 8,000–7,500</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Littorina_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Littorina Sea">Littorina Sea</a>, 7,500–4,000</li> <li>Post-Littorina Sea, 4,000–present</li> </ul> The land is still emerging <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isostasy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isostasy">isostatically</a> from its depressed state, which was caused by the weight of ice during the last glaciation. The phenomenon is known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post-glacial rebound">post-glacial rebound</a>. Consequently, the surface area and the depth of the sea are diminishing. The uplift is about eight millimeters per year on the Finnish coast of the northernmost Gulf of Bothnia. In the area, the former seabed is only gently sloping, leading to large areas of land being reclaimed in what are, geologically speaking, relatively short periods (decades and centuries). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="The_"Baltic_Sea_anomaly"">The "Baltic Sea anomaly"</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: The "Baltic Sea anomaly"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea_anomaly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Sea anomaly">Baltic Sea anomaly</a> </div> The "Baltic Sea anomaly" is a feature on an indistinct <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonar">sonar</a> image taken by Swedish salvage divers on the floor of the northern Baltic Sea in June 2011. The treasure hunters suggested the image showed an object with unusual features of seemingly extraordinary origin. Speculation published in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabloid_journalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid newspapers</a> claimed that the object was a sunken <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UFO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UFO">UFO</a>. A consensus of experts and scientists say that the image most likely shows a natural <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geological_formation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geological formation">geological formation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Snopes-60">[59]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HowStuffWorks-61">[60]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LiveScience-62">[61]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PopMech-63">[62]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-64">[63]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Biology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fauna_and_flora">Fauna and flora</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Fauna and flora" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_fish_in_Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fish in Sweden">List of fish in Sweden</a> </div> The fauna of the Baltic Sea is a mixture of marine and freshwater species. Among marine fishes are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantic_cod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic cod</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantic_herring?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantic herring">Atlantic herring</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_hake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European hake">European hake</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_plaice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European plaice">European plaice</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_flounder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European flounder">European flounder</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shorthorn_sculpin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorthorn sculpin">shorthorn sculpin</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turbot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turbot">turbot</a>, and examples of freshwater species include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_perch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European perch">European perch</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_pike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern pike">northern pike</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coregonus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coregonus">whitefish</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_roach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common roach">common roach</a>. Freshwater species may occur at outflows of rivers or streams in all coastal sections of the Baltic Sea. Otherwise, marine species dominate in most sections of the Baltic, at least as far north as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A4vle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gävle">Gävle</a>, where less than one-tenth are freshwater species. Further north the pattern is inverted. In the Bothnian Bay, roughly two-thirds of the species are freshwater. In the far north of this bay, saltwater species are almost entirely absent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OurBalticSea-39">[39]</a> For example, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_starfish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common starfish">common starfish</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shore_crab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore crab">shore crab</a>, two species that are very widespread along European coasts, are both unable to cope with the significantly lower salinity. Their range limit is west of Bornholm, meaning that they are absent from the vast majority of the Baltic Sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OurBalticSea-39">[39]</a> Some marine species, like the Atlantic cod and European flounder, can survive at relatively low salinities but need higher salinities to breed, which therefore occurs in deeper parts of the Baltic Sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nissling1997-65">[64]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Momigliano2018-66">[65]</a> The common <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blue_mussel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blue mussel">blue mussel</a> is the dominating animal species, and makes up more than 90% of the total animal biomass in the sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[66]</a> There is a decrease in species richness from the Danish belts to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a>. The decreasing salinity along this path causes restrictions in both physiology and habitats.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[67]</a> At more than 600 species of invertebrates, fish, aquatic mammals, aquatic birds and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macrophyte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophyte">macrophytes</a>, the Arkona Basin (roughly between southeast Zealand and Bornholm) is far richer than other more eastern and northern basins in the Baltic Sea, which all have less than 400 species from these groups, with the exception of the Gulf of Finland with more than 750 species. However, even the most diverse sections of the Baltic Sea have far fewer species than the almost-full saltwater Kattegat, which is home to more than 1600 species from these groups.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OurBalticSea-39">[39]</a> The lack of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tide">tides</a> has affected the marine species as compared with the Atlantic. Since the Baltic Sea is so young there are only two or three known <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endemism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species: the brown alga <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fucus_radicans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fucus radicans">Fucus radicans</a> and the flounder <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platichthys_solemdali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Platichthys solemdali">Platichthys solemdali</a>. Both appear to have evolved in the Baltic basin and were only recognized as species in 2005 and 2018 respectively, having formerly been confused with more widespread relatives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Momigliano2018-66">[65]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pereyra2009-69">[68]</a> The tiny <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parvicardium_hauniense?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parvicardium hauniense">Copenhagen cockle</a> (Parvicardium hauniense), a rare mussel, is sometimes considered endemic, but has now been recorded in the Mediterranean.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[69]</a> However, some consider non-Baltic records to be misidentifications of juvenile <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lagoon_cockle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagoon cockle">lagoon cockles</a> (Cerastoderma glaucum).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Several widespread marine species have distinctive subpopulations in the Baltic Sea adapted to the low salinity, such as the Baltic Sea forms of the Atlantic herring and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclopterus_lumpus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopterus lumpus">lumpsucker</a>, which are smaller than the widespread forms in the North Atlantic.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Muus1999-57">[56]</a> A peculiar feature of the fauna is that it contains a number of glacial <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glacial_relict?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glacial relict">relict species</a>, isolated populations of arctic species which have remained in the Baltic Sea since the last <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glaciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glaciation</a>, such as the large isopod <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saduria_entomon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saduria entomon">Saduria entomon</a>, the Baltic subspecies of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringed_seal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringed seal">ringed seal</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fourhorn_sculpin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fourhorn sculpin">fourhorn sculpin</a>. Some of these relicts are derived from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glacial_lake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glacial lake">glacial lakes</a>, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monoporeia_affinis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoporeia affinis">Monoporeia affinis</a>, which is a main element in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benthos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benthos">benthic fauna</a> of the low-salinity <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cetacean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean">Cetaceans</a> in the Baltic Sea are monitored by the countries bordering the sea and data compiled by various intergovernmental bodies, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ASCOBANS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCOBANS">ASCOBANS</a>. A critically endangered population of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harbor_porpoise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbor porpoise">harbor porpoise</a> inhabit the Baltic proper, whereas the species is abundant in the outer Baltic (Western Baltic and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_straits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>) and occasionally oceanic and out-of-range species such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minke_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minke whale">minke whales</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphins</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beluga_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beluga whale">beluga whales</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orca">orcas</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[74]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beaked_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beaked whale">beaked whales</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[75]</a> visit the waters. In recent years, very small, but with increasing rates, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fin_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fin whale">fin whales</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[79]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humpback_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a> migrate into Baltic sea including mother and calf pair.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Now extinct Atlantic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grey_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey whale">grey whales</a> (remains found from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A4s%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gräsö">Gräsö</a> along <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a>/southern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bothnian_Gulf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bothnian Gulf">Bothnian Gulf</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[81]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ystad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ystad">Ystad</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[82]</a>) and eastern population of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whales</a> that is facing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Functional_extinction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Functional extinction">functional extinction</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[83]</a> once migrated into Baltic Sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Other notable <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Megafauna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a> include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basking_shark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basking shark">basking sharks</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Environmental_status">Environmental status</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Environmental status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea_hypoxia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Sea hypoxia">Baltic Sea hypoxia</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg/220px-Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9375" data-file-height="9688"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg/220px-Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg/330px-Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg/440px-Baltic_blooms_ESA21514635.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Satellite photo of the Baltic Sea surrounding <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>, Sweden, with algae bloom (phytoplankton) swirling in the water </figcaption> </figure> Satellite images taken in July 2010 revealed a massive <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algal_bloom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algal bloom">algal bloom</a> covering 377,000 square kilometres (146,000 sq mi) in the Baltic Sea. The area of the bloom extended from Germany and Poland to Finland. Researchers of the phenomenon have indicated that algal blooms have occurred every summer for decades. Fertilizer runoff from surrounding agricultural land has exacerbated the problem and led to increased <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eutrophication?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eutrophication">eutrophication</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Approximately 100,000 km2 (38,610 sq mi) of the Baltic's seafloor (a quarter of its total area) is a variable <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dead zone (ecology)">dead zone</a>. The more saline (and therefore denser) water remains on the bottom, isolating it from surface waters and the atmosphere. This leads to decreased oxygen concentrations within the zone. It is mainly bacteria that grow in it, digesting organic material and releasing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a>. Because of this large anaerobic zone, the seafloor ecology differs from that of the neighboring Atlantic. Plans to artificially oxygenate areas of the Baltic that have experienced eutrophication have been proposed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Gothenburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Gothenburg">University of Gothenburg</a> and Inocean AB. The proposal intends to use wind-driven pumps to pump oxygen-rich surface water to a depth of around 130 m.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[87]</a> After <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Germany had to be disarmed and large quantities of ammunition stockpiles were disposed directly into the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Environmental experts and marine biologists warn that these ammunition dumps pose an environmental threat with potentially life-threatening consequences to the health and safety of humans on the coastlines of these seas.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[88]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Future_change">Future change</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Future change" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Climate_change?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Climate change">Climate change</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Water_pollution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Water pollution">pollution</a> from agriculture and forestry, impose such strong effects on the ecosystems of the Baltic sea, that there is a concern the sea will turn from a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carbon_sink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carbon sink">carbon sink</a> to a source of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carbon_dioxide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Methane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Methane">methane</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[89]</a> Modelling climate change and the impact of well characterised factors such as post-glacial rebound before the year 2050, is complicated by the unique properties of the Baltic Sea area compared to say the adjacent North Sea and contraversy as to the relative contributions of socio-ecomonic factors such as land use to any warming component.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Meier2022-91">[90]</a>: 537 These include its current brackish water, the southern subbasin tendency to have a vertical stratification of the halocline, and the northen subbasin seasonal sea ice cover.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Meier2022-91">[90]</a>: 458 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Analytic_confidence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Analytic confidence">High confidence</a> future projections include: air temperature warming, more heavy precipitation episodes, less snow with less perifrost and glacial ice mass in northern catchment areas, more mild winters, raised mean water temperature with more marine heatwaves, intensified seasonal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermocline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermocline">thermoclines</a> without change in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermohaline_circulation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermohaline circulation">thermohaline circulation</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sea_level_rise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Meier2022-91">[90]</a>: 547, 458–9 There are many more projections but these have lower confidence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Meier2022-91">[90]</a>: 547, 458–9 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[note 2]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea_cruiseferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Sea cruiseferries">Baltic Sea cruiseferries</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ports_of_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ports of the Baltic Sea">Ports of the Baltic Sea</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_of_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of oil and gas fields of the Baltic Sea">List of oil and gas fields of the Baltic Sea</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg/220px-Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg/220px-Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg/330px-Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg/440px-Insel_R%C3%BCgen-Strand_von_Sellin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Pedestrian pier in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sellin">Sellin</a>, Germany </figcaption> </figure> Construction of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Belt_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Belt Bridge">Great Belt Bridge</a> in Denmark (completed 1997) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%98resund_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Øresund Bridge">Øresund Bridge</a>-Tunnel (completed 1999), linking Denmark with Sweden, provided a highway and railroad connection between Sweden and the Danish mainland (the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jutland_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jutland Peninsula">Jutland Peninsula</a>, precisely the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zealand">Zealand</a>). The undersea tunnel of the Øresund Bridge-Tunnel provides for navigation of large ships into and out of the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is the main trade route for the export of Russian petroleum. Many of the countries neighboring the Baltic Sea have been concerned about this since a major oil leak in a seagoing tanker would be disastrous for the Baltic—given the slow exchange of water.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The tourism industry surrounding the Baltic Sea is naturally concerned about <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oil_pollution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil pollution">oil pollution</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Much shipbuilding is carried out in the shipyards around the Baltic Sea. The largest shipyards are at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szczecin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, Poland; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Germany; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlskrona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karlskrona">Karlskrona</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malm%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>, Sweden; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rauma,_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rauma, Finland">Rauma</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turku">Turku</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ventspils?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ventspils">Ventspils</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, Latvia; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>, Lithuania; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Petersburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia. There are several cargo and passenger ferries that operate on the Baltic Sea, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scandlines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scandlines">Scandlines</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silja_Line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silja Line">Silja Line</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polferries">Polferries</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viking_Line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viking Line">Viking Line</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallink">Tallink</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superfast_Ferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Superfast Ferries">Superfast Ferries</a>. Construction of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fehmarn_Belt_Fixed_Link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link">Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link</a> between Denmark and Germany is due to finish in 2029. It will be a three-bore tunnel carrying four motorway lanes and two rail tracks. Through the development of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Offshore_wind_power?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Offshore wind power">offshore wind power</a> the Baltic Sea is expected to become a major source of energy for countries in the region. According to the Marienborg Declaration, signed in 2022, all EU Baltic Sea states have announced their intentions to have 19.6 gigawatts of offshore wind in operation by 2030.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:View_from_Nida_Lighthouse,_Nida,_Lithuania,_09-09-2023_05.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg/220px-View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 99px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg/220px-View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="99" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg/330px-View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg/440px-View_from_Nida_Lighthouse%2C_Nida%2C_Lithuania%2C_09-09-2023_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a> resort town in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_county?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Klaipėda county">Klaipėda county</a>, Lithuania </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B6_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetlogorsk,_Kaliningrad_Oblast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast">Svetlogorsk</a> resort town in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, Russia </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg/220px-Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3874" data-file-height="2585"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg/220px-Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg/330px-Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg/440px-Mrzezyno_east_beach_2010-07_A.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mrze%C5%BCyno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mrzeżyno">Mrzeżyno</a> beach in Poland </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break">Piers <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahlbeck_(Usedom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahlbeck (Usedom)">Ahlbeck (Usedom)</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bansin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bansin">Bansin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Binz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Binz">Binz</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heiligendamm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heiligendamm">Heiligendamm</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%BChlungsborn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kühlungsborn">Kühlungsborn</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sellin">Sellin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0ventoji,_Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šventoji, Lithuania">Šventoji, Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gdynia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyzdroje?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Międzyzdroje">Międzyzdroje</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopot">Sopot</a>, Poland</li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 4em;">Resort towns <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haapsalu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haapsalu">Haapsalu</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuressaare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuressaare">Kuressaare</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narva-J%C3%B5esuu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narva-Jõesuu">Narva-Jõesuu</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanko,_Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanko, Finland">Hanko</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mariehamn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Binz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Binz">Binz</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heiligendamm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heiligendamm">Heiligendamm</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heringsdorf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heringsdorf">Heringsdorf</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travem%C3%BCnde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travemünde">Travemünde</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sellin">Sellin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ueckerm%C3%BCnde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ueckermünde">Ueckermünde</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C5%ABrmala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jūrmala">Jūrmala</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nida,_Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nida, Lithuania">Nida</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palanga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palanga">Palanga</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0ventoji,_Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šventoji, Lithuania">Šventoji, Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juodkrant%C4%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juodkrantė">Juodkrantė</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pervalka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pervalka">Pervalka</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Karkl%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Karklė (page does not exist)">Karklė</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamie%C5%84_Pomorski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamień Pomorski">Kamień Pomorski</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopot">Sopot</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ustka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ustka">Ustka</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetlogorsk,_Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetlogorsk, Russia">Svetlogorsk</a>, Russia</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="The_Helsinki_Convention">The Helsinki Convention</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: The Helsinki Convention" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1974_Convention">1974 Convention</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 1974 Convention" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> For the first time ever, all the sources of pollution around an entire sea were made subject to a single convention, signed in 1974 by the then seven Baltic coastal states. The 1974 Convention entered into force on 3 May 1980. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1992_Convention">1992 Convention</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 1992 Convention" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsinki_Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Marine_Environment_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area">Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area</a> </div> In the light of political changes and developments in international environmental and maritime law, a new convention was signed in 1992 by all the states bordering on the Baltic Sea, and the European Community. After ratification, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Marine_Environment_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area">Convention</a> entered into force on 17 January 2000. The Convention covers the whole of the Baltic Sea area, including inland waters and the water of the sea itself, as well as the seabed. Measures are also taken in the whole catchment area of the Baltic Sea to reduce land-based pollution. The convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, 1992, entered into force on 17 January 2000. The governing body of the convention is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HELCOM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HELCOM">Helsinki Commission</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[92]</a> also known as HELCOM, or Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission. The present contracting parties are Denmark, Estonia, the European Community, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden. The ratification instruments were deposited by the European Community, Germany, Latvia and Sweden in 1994, by Estonia and Finland in 1995, by Denmark in 1996, by Lithuania in 1997, and by Poland and Russia in November 1999. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="32" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Oceans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Geography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"> <div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Baltic (disambiguation)">Baltic (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea_Action_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltic Sea Action Group">Baltic Sea Action Group</a> (BSAG)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_around_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea">List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of rivers of the Baltic Sea">List of rivers of the Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord_Stream_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord_Stream_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ports_of_the_Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ports of the Baltic Sea">Ports of the Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scandinavia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> A healthy serum concentration of sodium is around 0.8–0.85%, and healthy kidneys can concentrate salt in urine to at least 1.4%.</li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">^</a> All future projections have limits and make assumptions. The cause of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Younger_Dryas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Younger Dryas">Younger Dryas</a> which impacted on the Baltic area is unknown and such an event is not considered in most Baltic Sea future modelling.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602044612/http://www.ccb.se/newsletters/2005/07/map_final.jpg">"Coalition Clean Baltic"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccb.se/newsletters/2005/07/map_final.jpg">the original</a> on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coalition+Clean+Baltic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccb.se%2Fnewsletters%2F2005%2F07%2Fmap_final.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGundersonPritchard2002" class="citation book cs1">Gunderson, Lance H.; Pritchard, Lowell (1 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dr9CgJNV_6KAC%26pg%3DPA75">Resilience and the Behavior of Large-Scale Systems</a>. Island Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781559639712?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781559639712"><bdi>9781559639712</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resilience+and+the+Behavior+of+Large-Scale+Systems&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.isbn=9781559639712&rft.aulast=Gunderson&rft.aufirst=Lance+H.&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9CgJNV_6KAC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiktalab2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poopak_NikTalab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poopak NikTalab">Niktalab, Poopak</a> (2024). Over the Alps: History of Children and Youth Literature in Europe (in Persian) (1st ed.). Tehran, Iran: Faradid Publisher. p. 6. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786225740457?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9786225740457"><bdi>9786225740457</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Over+the+Alps%3A+History+of+Children+and+Youth+Literature+in+Europe&rft.place=Tehran%2C+Iran&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Faradid+Publisher&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9786225740457&rft.aulast=Niktalab&rft.aufirst=Poopak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20140502201121/http://www.helcom.fi/Documents/About%2520us/Convention%2520and%2520commitments/Helsinki%2520Convention/">"Text of Helsinki Convention"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helcom.fi/Documents/About%2520us/Convention%2520and%2520commitments/Helsinki%2520Convention/">the original</a> on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Text+of+Helsinki+Convention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helcom.fi%2FDocuments%2FAbout%2520us%2FConvention%2520and%2520commitments%2FHelsinki%2520Convention%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pierer.de-academic.com/66040/Sundzoll">"Sundzoll"</a>. Academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002094240/https://pierer.de-academic.com/66040/Sundzoll">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academic+dictionaries+and+encyclopedias&rft.atitle=Sundzoll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpierer.de-academic.com%2F66040%2FSundzoll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.io-warnemuende.de/Antworten_Fragen_zum_Meer.html?frage%3D49">"Fragen zum Meer (Antworten) – IOW"</a>. www.io-warnemuende.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420053829/http://www.io-warnemuende.de/Antworten_Fragen_zum_Meer.html?frage%3D49">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.io-warnemuende.de&rft.atitle=Fragen+zum+Meer+%28Antworten%29+%E2%80%93+IOW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.io-warnemuende.de%2FAntworten_Fragen_zum_Meer.html%3Ffrage%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530201134/http://kemi.se/Documents/Publikationer/Trycksaker/PM/PM-9-12-BaltSens.pdf">"Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI): The BaltSens Project – The sensitivity of the Baltic Sea ecosystems to hazardous compounds"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.kemi.se/Documents/Publikationer/Trycksaker/PM/PM-9-12-BaltSens.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedish+Chemicals+Agency+%28KEMI%29%3A+The+BaltSens+Project+%E2%80%93+The+sensitivity+of+the+Baltic+Sea+ecosystems+to+hazardous+compounds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kemi.se%2FDocuments%2FPublikationer%2FTrycksaker%2FPM%2FPM-9-12-BaltSens.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> Tacitus, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania_(book)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania (book)">Germania</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tacitus/tac.ger.shtml%2345">online text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20030418012844/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tacitus/tac.ger.shtml%2345">Archived</a> 18 April 2003 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>): Ergo iam dextro Suebici maris litore Aestiorum gentes adluuntur, quibus ritus habitusque Sueborum, lingua Britannicae propior. – "Upon the right of the Suevian Sea the Æstyan nations reside, who use the same customs and attire with the Suevians; their language more resembles that of Britain." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2995/2995-h/2995-h.htm">English text online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201132636/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2995/2995-h/2995-h.htm">Archived</a> 1 December 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenario1999" class="citation book cs1">Benario, Herbert W. (1 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZHFvEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DSuebic%2Bsea%2Bbaltic%26pg%3DPA110">Tacitus: Germania</a>. Liverpool University Press. p. 110. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80034-609-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80034-609-3"><bdi>978-1-80034-609-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513013524/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZHFvEAAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPA110%26dq%3DSuebic%2Bsea%2Bbaltic%26hl%3Dno">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tacitus%3A+Germania&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.isbn=978-1-80034-609-3&rft.aulast=Benario&rft.aufirst=Herbert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZHFvEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DSuebic%2Bsea%2Bbaltic%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> Ptolemy, Geography III, chapter 5: "Sarmatia in Europe is bounded on the north by the Sarmatian ocean at the Venedic gulf" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://topostext.org/work.php?work_id%3D209">online text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803094706/http://topostext.org/work.php?work_id%3D209">Archived</a> 3 August 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</li> <li id="cite_note-Latin-etymology-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Latin-etymology_11-0">^</a> (in Swedish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://runeberg.org/nfbb/0435.html">Balteus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127092958/http://runeberg.org/nfbb/0435.html">Archived</a> 27 January 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single%3D1%26basename%3D%252Fdata%252Fie%252Fpiet%26text_number%3D%2B129%26root%3Dconfig">"Indo-European etymology : Query result"</a>. 25 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225150051/http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single%3D1%26basename%3D%252Fdata%252Fie%252Fpiet%26text_number%3D%2B129%26root%3Dconfig">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indo-European+etymology+%3A+Query+result&rft.date=2007-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarling.rinet.ru%2Fcgi-bin%2Fresponse.cgi%3Fsingle%3D1%26basename%3D%252Fdata%252Fie%252Fpiet%26text_number%3D%2B129%26root%3Dconfig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1989310–313-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1989310%E2%80%93313_13-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSchmitt1989">Schmitt 1989</a>, pp. 310–313.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1910" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Nevill (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/positionslavoni00forbgoog%23page/n9/mode/1up">The Position of the Slavonic Languages at the present day</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Position+of+the+Slavonic+Languages+at+the+present+day&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Nevill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fpositionslavoni00forbgoog%23page%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-baltu_valodas-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-baltu_valodas_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDini1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dini, Pietro Umberto (1997). Le lingue baltiche (in Italian). Florence: La Nuova Italia. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-221-2803-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-221-2803-4"><bdi>978-88-221-2803-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+lingue+baltiche&rft.place=Florence&rft.pub=La+Nuova+Italia&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-88-221-2803-4&rft.aulast=Dini&rft.aufirst=Pietro+Umberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> Cfr. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hartmann_Schedel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hartmann Schedel">Hartmann Schedel</a>'s 1493 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Schedelsche_Weltchronik_d_287.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Schedelsche Weltchronik d 287.jpg">map</a>), where the Baltic Sea is called Mare Germanicum, whereas the Northern Sea is called Oceanus Germanicus.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_English_Orosius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old English Orosius">Old English Orosius</a></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> Portham, 1880, p61</li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.livones.net/lv/norises/2021/burajot-libiesu-jura-debespusu-nosaukumi-libiesu-valoda">"Livones.net - Burājot lībiešu jūrā: debespušu nosaukumi lībiešu valodā"</a>. www.livones.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720221923/http://www.livones.net/lv/norises/2021/burajot-libiesu-jura-debespusu-nosaukumi-libiesu-valoda">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.livones.net&rft.atitle=Livones.net+-+Bur%C4%81jot+l%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u+j%C5%ABr%C4%81%3A+debespu%C5%A1u+nosaukumi+l%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u+valod%C4%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livones.net%2Flv%2Fnorises%2F2021%2Fburajot-libiesu-jura-debespusu-nosaukumi-libiesu-valoda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.visit.dundaga.lv/userfiles/files/546/Livoniancoast_En2020.pdf">"A JOURNEY ALONG THE LIVONIAN COAST / REIZ PIDS LĪVÕD RANDÕ"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720223044/https://www.visit.dundaga.lv/userfiles/files/546/Livoniancoast_En2020.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+JOURNEY+ALONG+THE+LIVONIAN+COAST+%2F+REIZ+PIDS+L%C4%AAV%C3%95D+RAND%C3%95&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visit.dundaga.lv%2Fuserfiles%2Ffiles%2F546%2FLivoniancoast_En2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://leta.st/blog/2016/07/history-of-russian-amber-1/">"The History of Russian Amber, Part 1: The Beginning"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315013751/https://leta.st/blog/2016/07/history-of-Russian-amber-1/">Archived</a> 15 March 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Leta.st</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/639735/Wend">Wend – West Wend</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135757/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/639735/Wend">Archived</a> 22 October 2014 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Britannica. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3102728,00.html">Chemical Weapon Time Bomb Ticks in the Baltic Sea</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124021629/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3102728,00.html">Archived</a> 24 January 2012 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Deutsche Welle, 1 February 2008.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helcom.fi/stc/files/Publications/Proceedings/bsep112.pdf">Activities 2006: Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114011006/http://www.helcom.fi/stc/files/Publications/Proceedings/bsep112.pdf">Archived</a> 14 January 2009 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 112. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Marine_Environment_Protection_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission">Helsinki Commission</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1986" class="citation journal cs1">Ellis, M.G.M.W. (1986). "Sweden's Ghosts?". Proceedings. 112 (3). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute</a>: 95–101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings&rft.atitle=Sweden%27s+Ghosts%3F&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=95-101&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=M.G.M.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby_2023-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kirby_2023_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2023" class="citation web cs1">Kirby, Paul (4 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65173043">"Nato's border with Russia doubles as Finland joins"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404150315/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65173043">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nato%27s+border+with+Russia+doubles+as+Finland+joins&rft.date=2023-04-04&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-65173043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-RFI_2024_i241-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RFI_2024_i241_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20240226-does-sweden-joining-make-the-baltic-sea-a-nato-lake">"Does Sweden joining make the Baltic Sea a 'NATO lake'?"</a>. RFI. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=Does+Sweden+joining+make+the+Baltic+Sea+a+%27NATO+lake%27%3F&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Finternational-news%2F20240226-does-sweden-joining-make-the-baltic-sea-a-nato-lake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-France_24_2024_r479-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_24_2024_r479_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/the-debate/20240328-no-longer-neutral-waters-what-baltic-sea-strategy-for-sweden-after-nato-enlargement">"No longer neutral waters: What Baltic Sea strategy for Sweden after NATO enlargement?"</a>. France 24. 28 March 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=No+longer+neutral+waters%3A+What+Baltic+Sea+strategy+for+Sweden+after+NATO+enlargement%3F&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Ftv-shows%2Fthe-debate%2F20240328-no-longer-neutral-waters-what-baltic-sea-strategy-for-sweden-after-nato-enlargement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Financial_Times_n260-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Financial_Times_n260_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilneSeddon2024" class="citation news cs1">Milne, Richard; Seddon, Max (7 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/c6375406-df00-4e1d-801f-9435b6a8d253">"Sweden joins 'Nato lake' on Moscow's doorstep"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 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POLITICO. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Sorry+Russia%2C+the+Baltic+Sea+is+NATO%27s+lake+now&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft.aulast=Kayali&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fnato-lake-what-sweden-and-finland-will-change-in-the-baltics-russia-ukraine-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSztobrynStiggeWielbińskaWeidig2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sztobryn, Marzenna; Stigge, Hans-Joachim; Wielbińska, Danuta; Weidig, Bärbel; Stanisławczyk, Ida; Kańska, Alicja; Krzysztofik, Katarzyna; Kowalska, Beata; Letkiewicz, Beata; Mykita, Monika (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028010502/http://www.ikzm-d.de/infos/pdfs/129_Bericht_Sturmfluten.pdf">"Sturmfluten in der südlichen Ostsee (Westlicher und mittlerer Teil)"</a> [Storm floods in the Southern Baltic (western and central part)] (PDF). Berichte des Bundesamtes für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (in German) (39): 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ikzm-d.de/infos/pdfs/129_Bericht_Sturmfluten.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+des+Bundesamtes+f%C3%BCr+Seeschifffahrt+und+Hydrographie&rft.atitle=Sturmfluten+in+der+s%C3%BCdlichen+Ostsee+%28Westlicher+und+mittlerer+Teil%29&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Sztobryn&rft.aufirst=Marzenna&rft.au=Stigge%2C+Hans-Joachim&rft.au=Wielbi%C5%84ska%2C+Danuta&rft.au=Weidig%2C+B%C3%A4rbel&rft.au=Stanis%C5%82awczyk%2C+Ida&rft.au=Ka%C5%84ska%2C+Alicja&rft.au=Krzysztofik%2C+Katarzyna&rft.au=Kowalska%2C+Beata&rft.au=Letkiewicz%2C+Beata&rft.au=Mykita%2C+Monika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikzm-d.de%2Finfos%2Fpdfs%2F129_Bericht_Sturmfluten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724062335/http://www.ikzm-d.de/inhalt.php?page%3D129,2843">"Sturmfluten an der Ostseeküste – eine vergessene Gefahr?"</a> [Storm floods along the Baltic Sea coastline – a forgotten threat?]. Informations-, Lern-, und Lehrmodule zu den Themen Küste, Meer und Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement. EUCC Die Küsten Union Deutschland e. V. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ikzm-d.de/inhalt.php?page%3D129,2843">the original</a> on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Informations-%2C+Lern-%2C+und+Lehrmodule+zu+den+Themen+K%C3%BCste%2C+Meer+und+Integriertes+K%C3%BCstenzonenmanagement&rft.atitle=Sturmfluten+an+der+Ostseek%C3%BCste+%E2%80%93+eine+vergessene+Gefahr%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikzm-d.de%2Finhalt.php%3Fpage%3D129%2C2843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"> Citing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiss, D. "Schutz der Ostseeküste von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern". In Kramer, J.; Rohde, H. (eds.). Historischer Küstenschutz: Deichbau, Inselschutz und Binnenentwässerung an Nord- und Ostsee [Historical coastal protection: construction of dikes, insular protection and inland drainage at North Sea and Baltic Sea] (in German). 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Informations-, Lern-, und Lehrmodule zu den Themen Küste, Meer und Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement (in German). EUCC Die Küsten Union Deutschland e. V. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ikzm-d.de/showaddon.php?text%3D386">the original</a> on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Informations-%2C+Lern-%2C+und+Lehrmodule+zu+den+Themen+K%C3%BCste%2C+Meer+und+Integriertes+K%C3%BCstenzonenmanagement&rft.atitle=Sturmfluten+an+der+deutschen+Ostseek%C3%BCste&rft.date=2003-10&rft.aulast=Tiesel&rft.aufirst=Reiner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikzm-d.de%2Fshowaddon.php%3Ftext%3D386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415124200/http://www.eurocean.org/np4/323.html">"EuroOcean"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eurocean.org/np4/323.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EuroOcean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurocean.org%2Fnp4%2F323.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421230004/http://www.envir.ee/baltics/geograph.htm">"Geography of the Baltic Sea Area"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.envir.ee/baltics/geograph.htm">the original</a> on 21 April 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography+of+the+Baltic+Sea+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.envir.ee%2Fbaltics%2Fgeograph.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"> at envir.ee. (archived) (21 April 2006). Retrieved on 23 June 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helcom.fi/Lists/Publications/BSEP104.pdf">"p. 7"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208055840/http://www.helcom.fi/Lists/Publications/BSEP104.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=p.+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helcom.fi%2FLists%2FPublications%2FBSEP104.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf">"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"</a> (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas%2C+3rd+edition&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023052150/http://www.baltic.vtt.fi/demo/baltmap.htm">"Baltic Sea area clickable map"</a>. www.baltic.vtt.fi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.baltic.vtt.fi/demo/baltmap.htm">the original</a> on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baltic.vtt.fi&rft.atitle=Baltic+Sea+area+clickable+map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltic.vtt.fi%2Fdemo%2Fbaltmap.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-OurBalticSea-39">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OurBalticSea_39-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OurBalticSea_39-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OurBalticSea_39-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OurBalticSea_39-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OurBalticSea_39-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/in-brief/our-baltic-sea/">"Our Baltic Sea"</a>. HELCOM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726025617/http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/in-brief/our-baltic-sea/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Baltic+Sea&rft.pub=HELCOM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi%2Fin-brief%2Four-baltic-sea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a>, 16 February 2011, p. A8.</li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> Derham, William Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God from His Works of Creation (London, 1713).</li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a>, 10 February 2011, p. A4; 25 February 2011, p. A5; 11 June 2011, p. A12.</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/">Sea Ice Survey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125040216/http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/">Archived</a> 25 November 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin.</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727130208/http://byar.lulea.se/scripts/historia_visa.asp?By%3D79%26No%3D114">"Nödåret 1867"</a>. Byar i Luleå. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://byar.lulea.se/scripts/historia_visa.asp?By%3D79%26No%3D114">the original</a> on 27 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N%C3%B6d%C3%A5ret+1867&rft.pub=Byar+i+Lule%C3%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbyar.lulea.se%2Fscripts%2Fhistoria_visa.asp%3FBy%3D79%26No%3D114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://vejr.tv2.dk/artikel/id-10070756%253Aisvintrene-i-40erne.html/mraid.js">"Isvintrene i 40'erne"</a>. TV 2. 19 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106105613/http://vejr.tv2.dk/artikel/id-10070756%253Aisvintrene-i-40erne.html/mraid.js">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isvintrene+i+40%27erne&rft.pub=TV+2&rft.date=2008-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvejr.tv2.dk%2Fartikel%2Fid-10070756%253Aisvintrene-i-40erne.html%2Fmraid.js&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416044935/http://natmus.dk/historisk-viden/temaer/militaerhistorie/soeofficeren-peter-schioennings-liv/kilder/peter-schioennings-dagbog/1771/">"1771 – Nationalmuseet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://natmus.dk/historisk-viden/temaer/militaerhistorie/soeofficeren-peter-schioennings-liv/kilder/peter-schioennings-dagbog/1771/">the original</a> on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1771+%E2%80%93+Nationalmuseet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnatmus.dk%2Fhistorisk-viden%2Ftemaer%2Fmilitaerhistorie%2Fsoeofficeren-peter-schioennings-liv%2Fkilder%2Fpeter-schioennings-dagbog%2F1771%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://natmus.dk/historisk-viden/temaer/klima-i-historien/den-lille-istid-og-industrialiseringen/is-i-de-danske-farvande/">"Is i de danske farvande i 1700-tallet"</a>. Nationalmuseet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218091529/https://natmus.dk/historisk-viden/temaer/klima-i-historien/den-lille-istid-og-industrialiseringen/is-i-de-danske-farvande/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+i+de+danske+farvande+i+1700-tallet&rft.pub=Nationalmuseet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnatmus.dk%2Fhistorisk-viden%2Ftemaer%2Fklima-i-historien%2Fden-lille-istid-og-industrialiseringen%2Fis-i-de-danske-farvande%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Alhonen-48">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alhonen_48-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Alhonen_48-1">b</a> Alhonen, p. 88</li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohrholz2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mohrholz, Volker (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3389%252Ffmars.2018.00384">"Major Baltic Inflow Statistics – Revised"</a>. Frontiers in Marine Science. 5. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3389%252Ffmars.2018.00384">10.3389/fmars.2018.00384</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2296-7745">2296-7745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Marine+Science&rft.atitle=Major+Baltic+Inflow+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Revised&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffmars.2018.00384&rft.issn=2296-7745&rft.aulast=Mohrholz&rft.aufirst=Volker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3389%252Ffmars.2018.00384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehmannMyrbergPostChubarenko2022" class="citation journal cs1">Lehmann, Andreas; Myrberg, Kai; Post, Piia; Chubarenko, Irina; Dailidiene, Inga; Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald; Hüssy, Karin; Liblik, Taavi; Meier, H. E. Markus; Lips, Urmas; Bukanova, Tatiana (16 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/13/373/2022/">"Salinity dynamics of the Baltic Sea"</a>. Earth System Dynamics. 13 (1): 373–392. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ESD....13..373L">2022ESD....13..373L</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.5194%252Fesd-13-373-2022">10.5194/esd-13-373-2022</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2190-4979">2190-4979</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721123134/https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/13/373/2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+System+Dynamics&rft.atitle=Salinity+dynamics+of+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=373-392&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.issn=2190-4979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fesd-13-373-2022&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022ESD....13..373L&rft.aulast=Lehmann&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Myrberg%2C+Kai&rft.au=Post%2C+Piia&rft.au=Chubarenko%2C+Irina&rft.au=Dailidiene%2C+Inga&rft.au=Hinrichsen%2C+Hans-Harald&rft.au=H%C3%BCssy%2C+Karin&rft.au=Liblik%2C+Taavi&rft.au=Meier%2C+H.+E.+Markus&rft.au=Lips%2C+Urmas&rft.au=Bukanova%2C+Tatiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesd.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F13%2F373%2F2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedvedevRabinovichKulikov2013" class="citation journal cs1">Medvedev, I. 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Oceanology. 53 (5): 526–538. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Ocgy...53..526M">2013Ocgy...53..526M</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1134%252FS0001437013050123">10.1134/S0001437013050123</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-4370">0001-4370</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129778127">129778127</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204034253/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0001437013050123">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanology&rft.atitle=Tidal+oscillations+in+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=526-538&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2FS0001437013050123&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129778127%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0001-4370&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Ocgy...53..526M&rft.aulast=Medvedev&rft.aufirst=I.+P.&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Kulikov%2C+E.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1134%2FS0001437013050123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutgerssonKjellströmHaapalaStendel2021" class="citation journal cs1">Rutgersson, Anna; Kjellström, Erik; Haapala, Jari; Stendel, Martin; Danilovich, Irina; Drews, Martin; Jylhä, Kirsti; Kujala, Pentti; Guo Larsén, Xiaoli; Halsnæs, Kirsten; Lehtonen, Ilari (6 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://esd.copernicus.org/preprints/esd-2021-13/">"Natural Hazards and Extreme Events in the Baltic Sea region"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+System+Dynamics+Discussions&rft.atitle=Natural+Hazards+and+Extreme+Events+in+the+Baltic+Sea+region&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=251-301&rft.date=2021-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233556209%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2190-4979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fesd-2021-13&rft.aulast=Rutgersson&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Kjellstr%C3%B6m%2C+Erik&rft.au=Haapala%2C+Jari&rft.au=Stendel%2C+Martin&rft.au=Danilovich%2C+Irina&rft.au=Drews%2C+Martin&rft.au=Jylh%C3%A4%2C+Kirsti&rft.au=Kujala%2C+Pentti&rft.au=Guo+Lars%C3%A9n%2C+Xiaoli&rft.au=Halsn%C3%A6s%2C+Kirsten&rft.au=Lehtonen%2C+Ilari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesd.copernicus.org%2Fpreprints%2Fesd-2021-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Leijonmalm2017-53">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leijonmalm2017_53-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leijonmalm2017_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnoeijs-Leijonmalm_P.E.Andrén2017" class="citation book cs1">Snoeijs-Leijonmalm P.; E.Andrén (2017). 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Get Real, Experts Say"</a>. Popular Mechanics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228221843/http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/aviation/ufo/underwater-ufo-get-real-experts-say">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Underwater+UFO%3F+Get+Real%2C+Experts+Say&rft.date=2012-01-02&rft.aulast=Main&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Ftechnology%2Faviation%2Fufo%2Funderwater-ufo-get-real-experts-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_64-0">^</a> Interview of Finnish planetary geomorphologist Jarmo Korteniemi (at 1:10:45) on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMars_Moon_Space_Tv2017" class="citation cs2">Mars Moon Space Tv (30 January 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DinIBLxONMBM%26t%3D4245">Baltic Sea Anomaly. The Unsolved Mystery. Part 1-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211123/inIBLxONMBM">archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021, retrieved 14 March 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltic+Sea+Anomaly.+The+Unsolved+Mystery.+Part+1-2&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.au=Mars+Moon+Space+Tv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DinIBLxONMBM%26t%3D4245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Nissling1997-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nissling1997_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNissling,_L.A._Westin1997" class="citation journal cs1">Nissling, L.; A. 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Marine Ecology Progress Series. 152 (1/3): 261–271. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997MEPS..152..261N">1997MEPS..152..261N</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3354%252Fmeps152261">10.3354/meps152261</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Salinity+requirements+for+successful+spawning+of+Baltic+and+Belt+Sea+cod+and+the+potential+for+cod+stock+interactions+in+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1%2F3&rft.pages=261-271&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3354%2Fmeps152261&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997MEPS..152..261N&rft.au=Nissling%2C+L.&rft.au=A.+Westin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3354%252Fmeps152261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Momigliano2018-66">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Momigliano2018_66-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Momigliano2018_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomigliano,_M.G.P.J._DenysH._JokinenJ._Merilä2018" class="citation journal cs1">Momigliano, M.; G.P.J. Denys; H. Jokinen; J. Merilä (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3389%252Ffmars.2018.00225">"Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): A New Flounder Species From the Baltic Sea"</a>. Front. Mar. 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Baltic University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-970017-0-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-970017-0-0"><bdi>978-91-970017-0-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015072451/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVIopLSQyI5MC%26dq%3DBaltic%2BSea%2Bblue%2Bmussel%2Bpopulation%2Bbelt%2Bliving%2Bfilter%26pg%3DPA164">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023. 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BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (70): 70. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009BMCEE...9...70P">2009BMCEE...9...70P</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1186%252F1471-2148-9-70">10.1186/1471-2148-9-70</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674422">2674422</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19335884">19335884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Rapid+speciation+in+a+newly+opened+postglacial+marine+environment%2C+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=70&rft.pages=70&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2674422%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19335884&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-70&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009BMCEE...9...70P&rft.au=Pereyra%2C+R.T.&rft.au=L.+Bergstr%C3%B6m&rft.au=L.+Kautsky&rft.au=K.+Johannesson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2674422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> Red List Benthic Invertebrate Expert Group (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helcom.fi/Red%2520List%2520Species%2520Information%2520Sheet/HELCOM%2520Red%2520List%2520Parvicardium%2520hauniense.pdf">Parvicardium hauniense</a>. 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Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parvicardium+hauniense&rft.pub=National+Museum+Wales&rft.date=2016-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk%2Fbritishbivalves%2Fbrowserecord.php%3F-recid%3D122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1994">Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030203014/http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1994">Archived</a> 30 October 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – MarLIN, The Marine Life Information Network</li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/217965,Baltic-dolphin-sightings-confirmed">"Baltic dolphin sightings confirmed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331171938/http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/217965,Baltic-dolphin-sightings-confirmed">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baltic+dolphin+sightings+confirmed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.pl%2F1%2F9%2FArtykul%2F217965%2CBaltic-dolphin-sightings-confirmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rgo.ru/en/projects/protection-endangered-species-beluga-white-whale/about-beluga">About the beluga</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031085206/https://www.rgo.ru/en/projects/protection-endangered-species-beluga-white-whale/about-beluga">Archived</a> 31 October 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Russian Geographical Society</li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves,_R.Pitman,_R.L.Ford,_J.K.B.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L.; Ford, J.K.B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15421/50368125">"Orcinus orca"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IUCN_Red_List?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2017: e.T15421A50368125. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2305%252FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15421A50368125.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15421A50368125.en</a>. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Orcinus+orca&rft.volume=2017&rft.pages=e.T15421A50368125&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15421A50368125.en&rft.au=Reeves%2C+R.&rft.au=Pitman%2C+R.L.&rft.au=Ford%2C+J.K.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F15421%2F50368125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://us.whales.org/news/2015/10/rare-sowerbys-beaked-whale-spotted-in-baltic-sea">"Rare Sowerby's beaked whale spotted in the Baltic Sea"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119005206/http://us.whales.org/news/2015/10/rare-sowerbys-beaked-whale-spotted-in-baltic-sea">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rare+Sowerby%27s+beaked+whale+spotted+in+the+Baltic+Sea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fus.whales.org%2Fnews%2F2015%2F10%2Frare-sowerbys-beaked-whale-spotted-in-baltic-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415090735/http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml">"Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cetacea.de/news/archiv/2005/10/arch051001.shtml">the original</a> on 15 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wieder+Finnwal+in+der+Ostsee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cetacea.de%2Fnews%2Farchiv%2F2005%2F10%2Farch051001.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKG" class="citation web cs1">KG, Ostsee-Zeitung GmbH & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202908/http://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Region-Rostock/Rostock/Finnwal-in-der-Ostsee-gesichtet">"Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtet"</a>. www.ostsee-zeitung.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Region-Rostock/Rostock/Finnwal-in-der-Ostsee-gesichtet">the original</a> on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ostsee-zeitung.de&rft.atitle=Finnwal+in+der+Ostsee+gesichtet&rft.aulast=KG&rft.aufirst=Ostsee-Zeitung+GmbH+%26+Co.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ostsee-zeitung.de%2FRegion-Rostock%2FRostock%2FFinnwal-in-der-Ostsee-gesichtet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllgemeine2015" class="citation web cs1">Allgemeine, Augsburger (17 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/panorama/Angler-filmt-Wal-in-Ostsee-Bucht-id34821572.html">"Angler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202039/http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/panorama/Angler-filmt-Wal-in-Ostsee-Bucht-id34821572.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angler+filmt+Wal+in+Ostsee-Bucht&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft.aulast=Allgemeine&rft.aufirst=Augsburger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.augsburger-allgemeine.de%2Fpanorama%2FAngler-filmt-Wal-in-Ostsee-Bucht-id34821572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">^</a> Jansson N.. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article11115075.ab">"Vi såg valen i viken"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907032600/http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article11115075.ab">Archived</a> 7 September 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aftonbladet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aftonbladet">Aftonbladet</a>. Retrieved on 7 September 2017.</li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news%252C401331%252Cwhales-seen-again-in-the-waters-of-the-baltic-sea.html">"Whales seen again in the waters of the Baltic Sea"</a>. Science in Poland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704063444/https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news,401331,whales-seen-again-in-the-waters-of-the-baltic-sea.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+in+Poland&rft.atitle=Whales+seen+again+in+the+waters+of+the+Baltic+Sea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscienceinpoland.pap.pl%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fnews%252C401331%252Cwhales-seen-again-in-the-waters-of-the-baltic-sea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">^</a> Jones L.M..Swartz L.S.. Leatherwood S.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DGfGITi5NmJoC%26dq%3Dbothnia%2Bwhale%26pg%3DPA41">The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius Robustus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227075441/https://books.google.co.nz/books?id%3DGfGITi5NmJoC%26pg%3DPA41%26lpg%3DPA41%26dq%3Dbothnia%2Bwhale%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3D7Y4sPhp6Ps%26sig%3Dmaos19QFQH8mKODdOa59cQpV5hE%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjT2veQ5YvWAhXEoZQKHfxfDiA4ChDoAQglMAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbothnia%2520whale%26f%3Dfalse">Archived</a> 27 December 2022 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "Eastern Atlantic Specimens". pp. 41–44. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academic_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. Retrieved on 5 September 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">Global Biodiversity Information Facility</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1322462463">Occurrence Detail 1322462463</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106232818/https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1322462463">Archived</a> 6 November 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 21 September 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry" class="citation web cs1">Berry, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://us.whales.org/whales-dolphins/species-guide/north-atlantic-right-whale/">"North Atlantic right whale"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525034711/https://us.whales.org/whales-dolphins/species-guide/north-atlantic-right-whale/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Atlantic+right+whale&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.whales.org%2Fwhales-dolphins%2Fspecies-guide%2Fnorth-atlantic-right-whale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wayback.archive-it.org/0/20110425162323/http://www.fmap.ca//ramweb/media/biodiversity_loss/downloads/RegionalExtinctionExamples.pdf">"Regional Species Extinctions – Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fmap.ca/ramweb/media/biodiversity_loss/downloads/RegionalExtinctionExamples.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Species+Extinctions+%E2%80%93+Examples+of+regional+species+extinctions+over+the+last+1000+years+and+more.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmap.ca%2Framweb%2Fmedia%2Fbiodiversity_loss%2Fdownloads%2FRegionalExtinctionExamples.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807232618/http://deski.fi/download.php?file_name%3DBlnrYjTbXR.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://deski.fi/download.php?file_name%3DBlnrYjTbXR.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeski.fi%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile_name%3DBlnrYjTbXR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10740097">"Satellite spies vast algal bloom in Baltic Sea"</a>. BBC News. 23 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726191305/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10740097">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Satellite+spies+vast+algal+bloom+in+Baltic+Sea&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-10740097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110418141617.htm">"Oxygenation at a Depth of 120 Meters Could Save the Baltic Sea, Researchers Demonstrate"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=Oxygenation+at+a+Depth+of+120+Meters+Could+Save+the+Baltic+Sea%2C+Researchers+Demonstrate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2011%2F04%2F110418141617.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/ticking-time-bombs-on-the-bottom-of-the-north-and-baltic-sea/a-40200208">"Ticking time bombs on the bottom of the North and Baltic Sea"</a>. DW.COM. 23 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604014153/https://www.dw.com/en/ticking-time-bombs-on-the-bottom-of-the-north-and-baltic-sea/a-40200208">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Ticking+time+bombs+on+the+bottom+of+the+North+and+Baltic+Sea&rft.date=2017-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fticking-time-bombs-on-the-bottom-of-the-north-and-baltic-sea%2Fa-40200208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorkman" class="citation web cs1">Korkman, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://phys.org/news/2024-07-baltic-sea-red-flag-global.html">"Warming Baltic Sea: a red flag for global oceans"</a>. Phys.org. 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(15 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.5194%252Fesd-13-457-2022">"Climate change in the Baltic Sea region: a summary"</a>. Earth System Dynamics. 13 (1): 457–593. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ESD....13..457M">2022ESD....13..457M</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.5194%252Fesd-13-457-2022">10.5194/esd-13-457-2022</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdl.handle.net/11250%252F3043839">11250/3043839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+System+Dynamics&rft.atitle=Climate+change+in+the+Baltic+Sea+region%3A+a+summary&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=457-593&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11250%2F3043839&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fesd-13-457-2022&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022ESD....13..457M&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=H.M.&rft.au=Kniebusch%2C+M.&rft.au=Dieterich%2C+C.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ger%2C+M.&rft.au=Zorita%2C+E.&rft.au=Elmgren%2C+R.V&rft.au=Myrberg%2C+K.&rft.au=Ahola%2C+M.P.&rft.au=Bartosova%2C+A.&rft.au=Bonsdorff%2C+E.&rft.au=B%C3%B6rgel%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5194%252Fesd-13-457-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrakimavicius" class="citation news cs1">Trakimavicius, Lukas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/opinion/a-sea-of-change-energy-security-in-the-baltic-region/">"A Sea of Change: Energy Security in the Baltic region"</a>. EurActiv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726112746/https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/opinion/a-sea-of-change-energy-security-in-the-baltic-region/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EurActiv&rft.atitle=A+Sea+of+Change%3A+Energy+Security+in+the+Baltic+region&rft.aulast=Trakimavicius&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fenergy-environment%2Fopinion%2Fa-sea-of-change-energy-security-in-the-baltic-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltic_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helcom.fi/home/en_GB/welcome/">Helcom : Welcome</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506161857/http://www.helcom.fi/home/en_GB/welcome/">Archived</a> 6 May 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Helcom.fi. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlhonen1966" class="citation book cs1">Alhonen, Pentti (1966). "Baltic Sea". In Fairbridge, Rhodes (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. pp. 87–91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baltic+Sea&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Oceanography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=87-91&rft.pub=Van+Nostrand+Reinhold+Company&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Alhonen&rft.aufirst=Pentti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schmitt, Rüdiger (1989). "BLACK SEA". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/black-sea">Black Sea – Encyclopaedia Iranica</a>. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 3. pp. 310–313.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Black+Sea+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+Fasc.+3&rft.pages=310-313&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fblack-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://balticworlds.com/spatial-politics-fuzzy-regionalism/">Norbert Götz. "Spatial Politics and Fuzzy Regionalism: The Case of the Baltic Sea Area." Baltic Worlds 9 (2016) 3: 54–67.</a></li> <li>Aarno Voipio (ed., 1981): "The Baltic Sea." Elsevier Oceanography Series, vol. 30, Elsevier Scientific Publishing, 418 p, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-41884-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-41884-9">0-444-41884-9</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOjaveerJaanusMacKenzieMartin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ojaveer, H.; Jaanus, A.; MacKenzie, B. R.; Martin, G.; Olenin, S.; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931693">"Status of Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PLoS_ONE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS ONE">PLoS ONE</a>. 5 (9): e12467. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...512467O">2010PLoSO...512467O</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0012467">10.1371/journal.pone.0012467</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931693">2931693</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20824189">20824189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=Status+of+Biodiversity+in+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e12467&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2931693%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20824189&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0012467&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PLoSO...512467O&rft.aulast=Ojaveer&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Jaanus%2C+A.&rft.au=MacKenzie%2C+B.+R.&rft.au=Martin%2C+G.&rft.au=Olenin%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2931693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter2009" class="citation book cs1">Peter, Bruce (2009). Baltic Ferries. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781906608057?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781906608057"><bdi>9781906608057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltic+Ferries&rft.place=Ramsey%2C+Isle+of+Man&rft.pub=Ferry+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781906608057&rft.aulast=Peter&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_BACC_II_Author_Team2015" class="citation book cs1">The BACC II Author Team; et al. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier%3D1002057">Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin</a>. Regional Climate Studies. Springer. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015sacc.book.....T">2015sacc.book.....T</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252F978-3-319-16006-1">10.1007/978-3-319-16006-1</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-16006-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-16006-1"><bdi>978-3-319-16006-1</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:127011711">127011711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Assessment+of+Climate+Change+for+the+Baltic+Sea+Basin&rft.series=Regional+Climate+Studies&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-16006-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A127011711%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015sacc.book.....T&rft.isbn=978-3-319-16006-1&rft.au=The+BACC+II+Author+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oapen.org%2Fsearch%3Fidentifier%3D1002057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Historical" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li>Bogucka, Maria. "The Role of Baltic Trade in European Development from the XVIth to the XVIIIth Centuries". Journal of European Economic History 9 (1980): 5–20.</li> <li>Davey, James. The Transformation of British Naval Strategy: Seapower and Supply in Northern Europe, 1808–1812 (Boydell, 2012).</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Newton_Dickson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Newton Dickson">Dickson, Henry Newton</a> (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/Baltic_Sea">"Baltic Sea" </a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 286–287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baltic+Sea&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=286-287&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Henry+Newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Fedorowicz, Jan K. England's Baltic Trade in the Early Seventeenth Century: A Study in Anglo-Polish Commercial Diplomacy (Cambridge UP, 2008).</li> <li>Frost, Robert I. The Northern Wars: War, State, and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558–1721 (Longman, 2000).</li> <li>Grainger, John D. The British Navy in the Baltic (Boydell, 2014).</li> <li>Kent, Heinz S. K. War and Trade in Northern Seas: Anglo-Scandinavian Economic Relations in the Mid Eighteenth Century (Cambridge UP, 1973).</li> <li>Koningsbrugge, Hans van. "In War and Peace: The Dutch and the Baltic in Early Modern Times". Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek 16 (1995): 189–200.</li> <li>Lindblad, Jan Thomas. "Structural Change in the Dutch Trade in the Baltic in the Eighteenth Century". Scandinavian Economic History Review 33 (1985): 193–207.</li> <li>Lisk, Jill. The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic, 1600–1725 (U of London Press, 1967).</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiktalab2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poopak_NikTalab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poopak NikTalab">Niktalab, Poopak</a> (2024). Over the Alps: History of Children and Youth literature in Europe (Chapter 2 Baltic sails: the evolution of children's and youth literature in the Baltic countries) (in Persian) (1st ed.). Tehran, Iran: Faradid Publisher. pp. 85–124. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786225740457?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9786225740457"><bdi>9786225740457</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Over+the+Alps%3A+History+of+Children+and+Youth+literature+in+Europe+%28Chapter+2+Baltic+sails%3A+the+evolution+of+children%27s+and+youth+literature+in+the+Baltic+countries%29&rft.place=Tehran%2C+Iran&rft.pages=85-124&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Faradid+Publisher&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9786225740457&rft.aulast=Niktalab&rft.aufirst=Poopak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Roberts, Michael. The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden, 1523–1611 (Cambridge UP, 1968).</li> <li>Rystad, Göran, Klaus-R. Böhme, and Wilhelm M. Carlgren, eds. In Quest of Trade and Security: The Baltic in Power Politics, 1500–1990. Vol. 1, 1500–1890. Stockholm: Probus, 1994.</li> <li>Salmon, Patrick, and Tony Barrow, eds. Britain and the Baltic: Studies in Commercial, Political and Cultural Relations (Sunderland University Press, 2003).</li> <li>Stiles, Andrina. Sweden and the Baltic 1523–1721 (1992).</li> <li>Thomson, Erik. "Beyond the Military State: Sweden's Great Power Period in Recent Historiography". History Compass 9 (2011): 269–283. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1478-0542.2011.00761.x">10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00761.x</a></li> <li>Tielhof, Milja van. The "Mother of All Trades": The Baltic Grain Trade in Amsterdam from the Late 16th to Early 19th Century. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2002.</li> <li>Warner, Richard. "British Merchants and Russian Men-of-War: The Rise of the Russian Baltic Fleet". In Peter the Great and the West: New Perspectives. Edited by Lindsey Hughes, 105–117. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Sea&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911174644/http://www.balticsea.lt/en">Protect the Baltic Sea while it's still not too late.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120728165223/http://www.balticseaportal.fi/">The Baltic Sea Portal</a> – a site maintained by the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214115037/http://www.fimr.fi/en.html">"Finnish Institute of Marine Research"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fimr.fi/en.html">the original</a> on 14 February 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finnish+Institute+of+Marine+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fimr.fi%2Fen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltic+Sea" class="Z3988"> (FIMR) (in English, Finnish, Swedish and Estonian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625011603/http://www.balticnest.org/">www.balticnest.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317135023/http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/encyclopedia.html">Encyclopedia of Baltic History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912164106/http://www.abc.se/~pa/uwa/wrecks.htm">Old shipwrecks</a> in the Baltic</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212134140/http://www.pgi.gov.pl/pgi_en/index.php?option%3Dnews%26task%3Dviewarticle%26sid%3D4%26Itemid%3D2">How the Baltic Sea was changing</a> – Prehistory of the Baltic from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pgi.gov.pl/">Polish Geological Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helsinki.fi/maantiede/geofi/fennia/demo/pages/oksanen.htm">Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland</a> – more prehistory of the Baltic from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.helsinki.fi/geography/">Department of Geography</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Helsinki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603121723/http://maps.grida.no/baltic/">Baltic Environmental Atlas: Interactive map of the Baltic Sea region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,524139,00.html">Can a New Cleanup Plan Save the Sea? – spiegel.de</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903112114/http://www.ferrylines.com/en/routes/ferries-in-the-baltic-sea/">List of all ferry lines in the Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731171716/http://www.helcom.fi/">The Helsinki Commission (HELCOM)</a> HELCOM is the governing body of the "Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.baltice.org/">Baltice.org</a> – information related to winter navigation in the Baltic Sea.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205101019/http://www.balticseawind.org/">Baltic Sea Wind</a> – Marine weather forecasts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831081653/http://andreaskiel.blip.tv/file/2323160">Ostseeflug</a> – A short film 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last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 18 November 2024, at 04:48 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oossee" title="Oossee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oossee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostsee" title="Ostsee – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ostsee" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2589%25A3%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%2589%25B2%25E1%258A%25AD_%25E1%2589%25A3%25E1%2588%2595%25E1%2588%25AD" title="ባልቲክ ባሕር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባልቲክ ባሕር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuortt%25C3%25A2meer%25C3%25A2" title="Nuorttâmeerâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nuorttâmeerâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्टिक सागर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बाल्टिक सागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osts%25C7%25A3" title="Ostsǣ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ostsǣ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D9%2582" title="بحر البلطيق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحر البلطيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltica" title="Mar Baltica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mar Baltica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%259D%25DC%25A1%25DC%2590_%25DC%2595%25DC%25A1%25DC%2595%25DC%25A2%25DC%259A%25DC%2590" title="ܝܡܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258A%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A9%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D4%25BE%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BE" title="Պալթեան Ծով – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պալթեան Ծով" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltica" title="Mar Baltica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mar Baltica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="বাল্টিক সাগৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাল্টিক সাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A1lticu" title="Mar Bálticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar Bálticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्टिक सागर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बाल्टिक सागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_V%25C3%25A1ytiko" title="Para Váytiko – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Para Váytiko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltik_d%25C9%2599nizi" title="Baltik dənizi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baltik dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="بالتیک دنیزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بالتیک دنیزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Baltik" title="Segara Baltik – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Baltik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="বাল্টিক সাগর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাল্টিক সাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_H%25C3%25A1i" title="Baltic Hái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baltic Hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D2%2599%25D0%25B5" title="Балтик диңгеҙе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Балтик диңгеҙе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Балтыйскае мора – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балтыйскае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Балтыйскае мора – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балтыйскае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्टिक सागर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बाल्टिक सागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Балтийско море – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балтийско море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osts%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4" title="Ostsää – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ostsää" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti%25C4%258Dko_more" title="Baltičko more – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Baltičko more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Baltel" title="Mor Baltel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Baltel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Балтиин тэнгис – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Балтиин тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A0ltica" title="Mar Bàltica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar Bàltica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25C4%2595%25D1%2581%25C4%2595" title="Балти тинĕсĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Балти тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltsk%25C3%25A9_mo%25C5%2599e" title="Baltské moře – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baltské moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Balticu" title="Mare Balticu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mare Balticu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_M%25C3%25B4r_Baltig" title="Y Môr Baltig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Môr Baltig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2598sters%25C3%25B8en" title="Østersøen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Østersøen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuortamearra" title="Nuortamearra – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nuortamearra" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostsee" title="Ostsee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ostsee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltiske_m%25C3%25B3rjo" title="Baltiske mórjo – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Baltiske mórjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4nemeri" title="Läänemeri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Läänemeri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2592%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2598%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1" title="Βαλτική Θάλασσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλτική Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A1ltico" title="Mar Báltico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar Báltico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balta_Maro" title="Balta Maro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balta Maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltikoa" title="Baltikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baltikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="دریای بالتیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای بالتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Samundar" title="Baltic Samundar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Baltic Samundar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eystrasalt" title="Eystrasalt – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Eystrasalt" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Baltique" title="Mer Baltique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer Baltique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastsee" title="Eastsee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Eastsee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muir_Bhailt" title="Muir Bhailt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Muir Bhailt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Valtagh" title="Yn Vooir Valtagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Valtagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Muir_Baltach" title="Am Muir Baltach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Am Muir Baltach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A1ltico" title="Mar Báltico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar Báltico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2584%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="Балтикера форд – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Балтикера форд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25DA%25A9_%25D9%259A_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="بالتيک ٚ دریا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بالتيک ٚ دریا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic-h%25C3%25B3i" title="Baltic-hói – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Baltic-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B0%259C%25ED%258A%25B8%25ED%2595%25B4" title="발트해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발트해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekun_Baltic" title="Tekun Baltic – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tekun Baltic" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AF_%25D5%25AE%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BE" title="Բալթիկ ծով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բալթիկ ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्टिक सागर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाल्टिक सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltiske_morjo" title="Baltiske morjo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Baltiske morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti%25C4%258Dko_more" title="Baltičko more – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baltičko more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltiko" title="Baltiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Baltiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Baltiko" title="Baybay Baltiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Baltiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Baltik" title="Laut Baltik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Baltik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltic" title="Mar Baltic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mar Baltic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Mare" title="Baltic Mare – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Baltic Mare" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7" title="Балты денджыз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Балты денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eystrasalt" title="Eystrasalt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eystrasalt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltico" title="Mar Baltico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Baltico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%259D_%25D7%2594%25D7%2591%25D7%259C%25D7%2598%25D7%2599" title="הים הבלטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים הבלטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagara_Baltik" title="Sagara Baltik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sagara Baltik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%25C9%25A9tiki_te%25C5%258Bgu" title="Palɩtiki teŋgu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Palɩtiki teŋgu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0" title="ಬಾಲ್ಟಿಕ್ ಸಮುದ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಲ್ಟಿಕ್ ಸಮುದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590" title="ბალტიის ზღვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალტიის ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25B4%25C5%2582t" title="Bôłt – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bôłt" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D2%25A3%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596" title="Балтық теңізі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Балтық теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Baltek" title="Mor Baltek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mor Baltek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Baltiki" title="Bahari ya Baltiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Baltiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_Balt%25C3%25AEk" title="Deryaya Baltîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Baltîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8" title="Балтика деңизи – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Балтика деңизи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D1%258B%25D0%25B6" title="Балти тангыж – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Балти тангыж" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Baltich" title="Mer Baltich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mer Baltich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%25C4%25BCtejis_jiura" title="Baļtejis jiura – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Baļtejis jiura" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Balticum" title="Mare Balticum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Balticum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltijas_j%25C5%25ABra" title="Baltijas jūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltijas jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltescht_Mier" title="Baltescht Mier – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Baltescht Mier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B3%25D1%258C%25D1%2583%25D1%258C%25D0%25BB" title="Балтик гьуьл – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Балтик гьуьл" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltijos_j%25C5%25ABra" title="Baltijos jūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltijos jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooszee" title="Ooszee – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ooszee" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltica" title="Mar Baltica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Baltica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltiekan_meri" title="Baltiekan meri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Baltiekan meri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/baltik._xamsi" title="baltik. xamsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="baltik. xamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Baltic Sea" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltegh" title="Mar Baltegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mar Baltegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti-tenger" title="Balti-tenger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balti-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Балтичко Море – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Балтичко Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasina_Baltika" title="Ranomasina Baltika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasina Baltika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BE%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%25BD" title="ബാൾട്ടിക് കടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാൾട്ടിക് കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_Paratika" title="Moana Paratika – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Moana Paratika" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्टिक समुद्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाल्टिक समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%2590" title="ბალტიაშ ზუღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბალტიაშ ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25B7%25D9%2589" title="البحر البلطى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البحر البلطى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="بالتیک دریا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بالتیک دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Baltik" title="Laut Baltik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Baltik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A1ltico" title="Mar Báltico – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mar Báltico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Балтын тэнгис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Балтын тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ဘောလ်တစ် ပင်လယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘောလ်တစ် ပင်လယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostzee" title="Oostzee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oostzee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostzee" title="Oostzee – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oostzee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्तेली सागर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाल्तेली सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="बाल्टिक सागर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बाल्टिक सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2590%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%2588%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="バルト海 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルト海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2585%25D3%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="Балтикин хӀорд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Балтикин хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2585%25C3%25A5stsiie" title="Ååstsiie – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ååstsiie" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2598stersj%25C3%25B8en" title="Østersjøen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Østersjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austersj%25C3%25B8en" title="Austersjøen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Austersjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltica" title="Mar Baltica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar Baltica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltiq_dengizi" title="Boltiq dengizi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boltiq dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2595_%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%25B9%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1" title="بالٹک سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بالٹک سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Baltiko" title="Laman Baltiko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Laman Baltiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1" title="بالتيک سمندر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بالتيک سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A0ltich" title="Mar Bàltich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mar Bàltich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostsee" title="Oostsee – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oostsee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_Ba%25C5%2582tyckie" title="Morze Bałtyckie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Bałtyckie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A1ltico" title="Mar Báltico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar Báltico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%25C4%25B1q_de%25C3%25B1izi" title="Baltıq deñizi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Baltıq deñizi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Baltic%25C4%2583" title="Marea Baltică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Baltică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_da_l%2527Ost" title="Mar da l'Ost – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mar da l'Ost" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paltiku_hatun_qucha" title="Paltiku hatun qucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paltiku hatun qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Балтіцьке море – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Балтіцьке море" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Балтийское море – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балтийское море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D2%2595%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Балтика байҕала – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Балтика байҕала" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%2581_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%25B9%25DA%25A9" title="بحیرہ بالٹک – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بحیرہ بالٹک" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_B%25C3%25A0lticu" title="Mare Bàlticu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mare Bàlticu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Seas" title="Easter Seas – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Easter Seas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aastsee" title="Aastsee – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Aastsee" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_Baltik" title="Deti Baltik – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti Baltik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_B%25C3%25A0lticu" title="Mari Bàlticu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mari Bàlticu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baltic Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%25BD%25DA%25AA_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DA%258A" title="بالٽڪ سمنڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بالٽڪ سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltsk%25C3%25A9_more" title="Baltské more – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baltské more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltsko_morje" title="Baltsko morje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baltsko morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%25C5%2582tycke_Morze" title="Bałtycke Morze – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bałtycke Morze" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bada_Baldiiqa" title="Bada Baldiiqa – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bada Baldiiqa" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DA%25B5%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="دەریای باڵتیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریای باڵتیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Балтичко море – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балтичко море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti%25C4%258Dko_more" title="Baltičko more – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baltičko more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A4meri" title="Itämeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itämeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2596stersj%25C3%25B6n" title="Östersjön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Östersjön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Baltiko" title="Dagat Baltiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Baltiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="பால்டிக் கடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பால்டிக் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Baltiche" title="Mar Baltiche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Baltiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5" title="Балтыйк диңгезе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Балтыйк диңгезе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581" title="ทะเลบอลติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลบอลติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D2%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Баҳри Балтика – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳри Балтика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%25C4%25B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baltık Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltika_de%25C5%2588zi" title="Baltika deňzi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Baltika deňzi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyai_A%25CC%25B1sa%25CC%25B1khwot_Ba%25CC%25B1ltik" title="Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Ba̱ltik – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Ba̱ltik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5" title="Балтійське море – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балтійське море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%2581_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%25B9%25DA%25A9" title="بحیرہ بالٹک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ بالٹک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_B%25C3%25A0ltego" title="Mar Bàltego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mar Bàltego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltijan_meri" title="Baltijan meri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Baltijan meri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%25E1%25BB%2583n_Baltic" title="Biển Baltic – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Baltic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2595dagumeri" title="Õdagumeri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Õdagumeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltische_Z%25C3%25AAe" title="Baltische Zêe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Baltische Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Baltiko" title="Dagat Baltiko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Baltiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A2%25E7%25BD%2597%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="波罗的海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波罗的海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwandle_ra_Baltic" title="Lwandle ra Baltic – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lwandle ra Baltic" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2591%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2599%25D7%259D" title="באלטישער ים – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באלטישער ים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A2%25E7%25BE%2585%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="波羅的海 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波羅的海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597s_j%25C5%25ABra" title="Baltėjės jūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Baltėjės jūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A2%25E7%25BD%2597%25E7%259A%2584%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="波罗的海 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波罗的海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laot_Baltik" title="Laot Baltik – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" 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Template:Category_handler"," 6.37% 149.404 136 Template:Convert"," 4.75% 111.501 13 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.437","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21613927,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlhonen1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllgemeine2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenario1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerry\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDickson1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDini1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbes1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGundersonPritchard2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKG\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKayali2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirby2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKorkman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLehmannMyrbergPostChubarenko2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockwoodSheaderWilliams1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMain2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMars_Moon_Space_Tv2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedvedevRabinovichKulikov2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeierKniebusch,_M.Dieterich,_C.Gröger,_M.2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikkelson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilneSeddon2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohrholz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMomigliano,_M.G.P.J._DenysH._JokinenJ._Merilä2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuus,_B.J.G._NielsenP._DahlstromB._Nystrom1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNiktalab2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNissling,_L.A._Westin1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOjaveerJaanusMacKenzieMartin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPereyra,_R.T.L._BergströmL._KautskyK._Johannesson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeves,_R.Pitman,_R.L.Ford,_J.K.B.2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutgerssonKjellströmHaapalaStendel2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRydénMigulaAndersson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitt1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnoeijs-Leijonmalm_P.E.Andrén2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweitzer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSztobrynStiggeWielbińskaWeidig2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_BACC_II_Author_Team2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiesel2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrakimavicius\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViktorsson,_L.2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolchover2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"AmCyc poster\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite iucn\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 43,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-break\"] = 2,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Colbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Colend\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 136,\n [\"Coord\"] = 7,\n [\"Countries bordering the Baltic Sea\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 1,\n [\"EB1911 poster\"] = 1,\n [\"Evolution of the Baltic Sea\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA-no\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox body of water\"] = 1,\n [\"Islands in the Baltic Sea\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 54,\n [\"Langx\"] = 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