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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Month of 1964</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1964-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1964" title="January 1964">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1964" title="February 1964">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1964" title="March 1964">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1964" title="April 1964">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1964" title="May 1964">May</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1964" title="July 1964">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1964" title="August 1964">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1964" title="September 1964">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1964" title="October 1964">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1964" title="November 1964">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1964" title="December 1964">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256396092">.mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#d8e0ff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}}</style> <table class="toccolours floatright" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/May_1964" title="May 1964"><<</a> </td> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">June 1964</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/July_1964" title="July 1964">>></a> </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style="border: none;"> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Sunday">Su </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Monday">Mo </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Tuesday">Tu </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Wednesday">We </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Thursday">Th </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Friday">Fr </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Saturday">Sa </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">01</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">02</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">03</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">04</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">05</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">06</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">07</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">08</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">09</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">13</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">14</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">15</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">17</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">18</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">19</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">20</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">21</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">22</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">23</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">24</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">25</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">26</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">27</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">28</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">29</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">30</a></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">  </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FBI_Poster_of_Missing_Civil_Rights_Workers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/FBI_Poster_of_Missing_Civil_Rights_Workers.jpg/250px-FBI_Poster_of_Missing_Civil_Rights_Workers.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/FBI_Poster_of_Missing_Civil_Rights_Workers.jpg/375px-FBI_Poster_of_Missing_Civil_Rights_Workers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/FBI_Poster_of_Missing_Civil_Rights_Workers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>June 21, 1964: Three civil rights workers disappear in rural Mississippi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liquefaction_at_Niigata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Liquefaction_at_Niigata.JPG/250px-Liquefaction_at_Niigata.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Liquefaction_at_Niigata.JPG/375px-Liquefaction_at_Niigata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Liquefaction_at_Niigata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>June 16, 1964: Earthquake levels buildings in Japan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg/250px-Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg/375px-Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg/500px-Canada_Pearson_Pennant_1964.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>June 5, 1964: Prime Minister Pearson proposes new flag for Canada</figcaption></figure> The following events occurred in June 1964: <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_1,_1964_(Monday)"><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a>, 1964 (Monday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: June 1, 1964 (Monday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The first <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9_Convention" title="Yaoundé Convention">Yaoundé Convention</a>, signed on July 20, 1963, by 18 African nations (<a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Republic" title="Malagasy Republic">Malagasy Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Upper_Volta" title="Republic of Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a>), went into effect for a five-year period to govern economic relations between the French-speaking nations that had been colonies of either France or Belgium; Somalia had been a UN Trust Territory composed of former British and Italian colonies. After the expiration on May 31, 1969, a new convention would be signed at <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a> on July 29 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li>The United States and the Soviet Union signed a bilateral treaty for the first time in 30 years, allowing for the two superpowers to establish <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulates</a> in each other's cities. In addition, it was agreed that if an American citizen was arrested in the USSR, an American consular official would be notified promptly and be given access, and that the same right would apply for a Soviet citizen and a Soviet consular official within the U.S. The pact was signed at the Spiridonovka Palace in Moscow by Soviet Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a> and U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Foy_D._Kohler" title="Foy D. Kohler">Foy D. Kohler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>A Canadian Act of Parliament, that had been proposed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, changed the name of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Air_Lines" title="Trans-Canada Air Lines">Trans-Canada Air Lines</a> to "<a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>", effective from January 1, 1965. The new name needed no translation in either the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> or <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a>.</li> <li>The parliament of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, the majority of whom were Greek Cypriot legislators, voted to pass a law over Turkish protests, allowing the government to establish the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a> and giving it authority to draft Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot citizens.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Air_Force" title="Kenya Air Force">Kenya Air Force</a> was established under the command of Group Captain <a href="/wiki/Ian_Sargenson_Stockwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Sargenson Stockwell">Ian Sargenson Stockwell</a>, formerly of Britain's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. The RAF base located east of <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Eastleigh,_Nairobi" title="Eastleigh, Nairobi">Eastleigh</a> was renamed KAF Eastleigh, and is now <a href="/wiki/Moi_Air_Base" title="Moi Air Base">Moi Air Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_2,_1964_(Tuesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a>, 1964 (Tuesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: June 2, 1964 (Tuesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The 424 delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Congress">Palestinian National Congress</a> ended their meeting in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and approved a National Charter. Among the articles agreed to were that "Palestine... is an indivisible unit" (Article 2); "Palestinians are those Arab citizens who, until 1947, had normally resided in Palestine" and "anyone born after that date of a Palestinian father" (Article 6); "The partition of Palestine in 1947 and the establishment of Israel are entirely illegal" (Article 17); and "For the realization of the goals of this Charter and its principles, the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> shall perform its complete role in the liberation of Palestine..." (Article 23).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li>Serial killer <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Slivko" title="Anatoly Slivko">Anatoly Slivko</a> killed his first victim, a 15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Runaway_(dependent)" title="Runaway (dependent)">runaway</a> named Nikolai Dobryshev. Slivko, who has had erotic fantasies of recreating a 1961 traffic accident he witnessed when a drunken motorcyclist swerved onto a pavement and into a group of pedestrians, fatally injuring a boy in his early teens,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> claimed this particular victim was killed unintentionally, as he had been unable to revive Dobryshev upon completion of his routine of filming, photography, and masturbation, although he later admitted in one interview with a psychiatrist that the teenager's death triggered a greater sense of arousal within him than his previous, non-fatal hangings.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li>U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> of Arizona narrowly defeated New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>'s Republican presidential primary, giving him all 86 of California's delegates and placing him "on the threshold of the Republican Presidential nomination."<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Rockefeller, who had been leading in the early reported returns, conceded defeat the next day. Goldwater's win was by a margin of less than 59,000 votes out of more than two million cast, with 1,089,133 for Goldwater and 1,030,180 for Rockefeller. With the California win, Goldwater now had 438 of the necessary 655 votes needed for the nomination.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>'s council for national security, led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>, voted to intervene militarily in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a>, despite objections by Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Feridun_Cemal_Erkin" title="Feridun Cemal Erkin">Feridun Cemal Erkin</a>. U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Raymond Hare was directed by U.S. President Johnson to "meet at once" with İnönü "calling him out of a cabinet if necessary, to express the administration's gravest concern and to urge restraint." The meeting would take place two days later.<a href="#cite_note-Uslu-11">[11]</a></li> <li>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> called a White House press conference without advance notice and told reporters that the United States was "bound by solemn commitments" to defend <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> against Communist encroachment, and cited an October 25, 1954 letter from U.S. President Eisenhower to South Vietnam President <a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngo Dinh Diem</a> pledging an American promise to protect the Vietnamese government.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> was unanimously selected by the 537 members of India's ruling Congress Party to become the new <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> as the successor of the late <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li>Five million shares of stock in the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) were offered for sale at $20 a share, and the issue was quickly sold out.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_3,_1964_(Wednesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a>, 1964 (Wednesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: June 3, 1964 (Wednesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> signed the Defence Agreement of 1964. The Royal Air Force would be able to fly over Kenya, the Royal Navy to put into port at <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, and British forces to train in Kenya twice a year. In return, all British troops in Kenya would be withdrawn by December 12, the British Army would commit to training the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenya Rifles">Kenya Rifles</a> as a national army, the Royal Air Force would train the newly established Kenya Air Force, and a small <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Navy" title="Kenya Navy">Kenya Navy</a> would be established at the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> President <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a> declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> after 10,000 student demonstrators overpowered police.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li>Died: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a>, 75, Finnish writer and 1939 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> laureate<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_C._Garcia" title="Gustavo C. Garcia">Gustavo C. Garcia</a>, 48, Mexican-American civil rights attorney, died of liver failure after years of alcohol abuse.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_4,_1964_(Thursday)"><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a>, 1964 (Thursday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: June 4, 1964 (Thursday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The crossing of telephone and television lines in the <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T</a> coaxial cable system caused a disruption for 18 million television viewers across the United States who heard "what may have been the most widely disseminated telephone conversation since Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone". At 8:13 p.m. Eastern time, people who were watching a rerun of the series <a href="/wiki/Temple_Houston_(TV_series)" title="Temple Houston (TV series)">Temple Houston</a> on the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> television network were surprised by two "unsuspecting callers" who were "as nearly as anyone could tell, two women carrying on a friendly conversation somewhere in New York state". Engineers stopped the interference three minutes later, but at 8:45, more of the discussion was heard nationwide by even more viewers tuned into NBC for <a href="/wiki/Dr._Kildare_(TV_series)" title="Dr. Kildare (TV series)">Dr. Kildare</a> and to <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> for <a href="/wiki/My_Three_Sons" title="My Three Sons">My Three Sons</a>, along with the sound of both programs.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>The first Soviet <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molniya-1_No.2" title="Molniya-1 No.2">Molniya-1 No.2</a>, was launched at 05:00 UTC, on a <a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> 8K78 <a href="/wiki/Carrier_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier rocket">carrier rocket</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Gagarin%27s_Start" title="Gagarin's Start">Site 1/5</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>. A motor circuit in the <a href="/wiki/Servomechanism" title="Servomechanism">servo</a> controlling the core stage throttle failed 104 seconds into the flight, resulting in the throttle becoming jammed closed and the fuel supply to the engines being stopped.<a href="#cite_note-EA-R7-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Prior to the release of information about its mission, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> had incorrectly identified the launch of Molniya-1 No.2 as a failed attempt to launch a <a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a> spacecraft on a <a href="/wiki/Circumlunar" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumlunar">circumlunar</a> technology demonstration mission, and assigned it the placeholder designation Zond 1964A.<a href="#cite_note-tent-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Turkey's Prime Minister İnönü outlined his nation's plan for invading Cyprus in a discussion with U.S. Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Raymond_A._Hare" title="Raymond A. Hare">Raymond A. Hare</a>, explaining that the mission would simply be to occupy part of the island nation, allowing Greece to occupy the other one-half, and having the United Nations peacekeeping force remain between the two zones. Hare asked İnönü to delay the operation by 24 hours so that he could report back to President Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-Uslu-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> began their first, and only, world concert tour starting with a performance at the Tivoli Gardens in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, and a second concert two days later at a concert hall in the village of <a href="/wiki/Blokker,_Netherlands" title="Blokker, Netherlands">Blokker, Netherlands</a>, followed by visits to Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand. Because drummer <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> was hospitalized for acute tonsillitis, <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Nicol" title="Jimmie Nicol">Jimmie Nicol</a> took his place for the first eight shows on the tour.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> signed a trade agreement in Brussels. Present at the Ravenstein Hall at the Palais des Congres were Israeli Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a>, foreign trade minister <a href="/wiki/Akiva_Govrin" title="Akiva Govrin">Akiva Govrin</a>, Israel's representative to the EEC Amiel Najar, President of the Commission of the Community <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a>, and Belgian deputy foreign minister Henri Fayat.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li>Testing of the <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> capsule <a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">ejection seat</a> system began on a rocket sled at the <a href="/wiki/China_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="China Lake">China Lake</a> testing facility in California. Another test on November 5 would reveal a structural deficiency in the ejection seat. When the feet of one of the dummies came out of the stirrups, the seat pitched over, breaking off the left side panel. The seat and dummy never separated, and both were destroyed when they hit the ground.<a href="#cite_note-Grimwood_2-25">[25]</a></li> <li>The failing <a href="/wiki/Rolls_Razor" title="Rolls Razor">Rolls Razor</a> company's account with Barclays Bank was overdrawn by £485,000. Despite this, John Bloom, managing director, persuaded the company's board of directors to pay out dividends of £209,719.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li>The United Nations Security Council passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_189" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 189">Resolution 189</a>, condemning military incursions into Cambodia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_5,_1964_(Friday)"><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a>, 1964 (Friday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: June 5, 1964 (Friday)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg/100px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg/150px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg/200px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_photo_portrait-Black%27n_white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Johnson</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>İnönü</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge</a>, the U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam, sent a secret cable to President Johnson recommending that the U.S. not send more ground troops into South Vietnam to fight the Viet Cong. Such a step, he cautioned, would be a "venture of unlimited possibilities which could put us onto a slope along which we slide into a bottomless pit." Johnson would disregard Lodge's warning, and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> would continue for eight more years.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li>U.S. President Johnson sent a secret letter to Turkish Prime Minister İnönü, warning him to call off plans to invade Cyprus. Noting that <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>'s action would begin a war with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, "Adhesion to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, in its very essence," said the letter, "means that NATO countries will not wage war with each other. Germany and France have buried centuries of animosity and hostility in becoming NATO allies; nothing less can be expected from Greece and Turkey." Adding that a Turkish intervention "could lead to a direct involvement by the Soviet Union", Johnson told İnönü, "I hope you will understand that your NATO allies have not had a chance to consider whether they have an obligation to protect Turkey against the Soviet Union if Turkey takes a step which results in Soviet intervention without the full consent and understanding of its NATO Allies."<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> İnönü would tell his cabinet, "Our friends and our enemies have joined hands against us," and the invasion was called off.<a href="#cite_note-Uslu-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li>The United States and the Soviet Union announced that they would work together for the first time on a joint project in outer space in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">weather satellite</a> network, along with an exchange of data on <a href="/wiki/Space_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Space biology">space biology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_medicine" title="Space medicine">medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Authorization to begin work on <a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space station</a> studies was announced by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of the Air Force">U.S. Secretary of the Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Zuckert" title="Eugene M. Zuckert">Eugene M. Zuckert</a>, applying to <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company" title="General Electric Company">General Electric</a>. Zuckert predicted that the <a href="/wiki/Titan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan III">Titan III</a> rocket would be tested during the summer and would launch the <a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Manned Orbiting Laboratory</a> as early as 1967.<a href="#cite_note-Brooks-31">[31]</a></li> <li>Canada's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Pearson">Lester Pearson</a> introduced a resolution in the Canadian House of Commons for a new flag of Canada. Attached to the bill was a picture of his suggestion, "a design with blue borders, a white middle and three maple leaves as on the Canadian coat-of-arms".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> commissioned the deep-ocean research submersible <a href="/wiki/DSV_Alvin" title="DSV Alvin">DSV Alvin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Rick_Riordan" title="Rick Riordan">Rick Riordan</a>, American author best known for the <a href="/wiki/Percy_Jackson_%26_the_Olympians" title="Percy Jackson & the Olympians">Percy Jackson & the Olympians</a> series of books; in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_6,_1964_(Saturday)"><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a>, 1964 (Saturday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: June 6, 1964 (Saturday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> were introduced to the American public in a pre-recorded segment of the ABC television show <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Palace" title="The Hollywood Palace">The Hollywood Palace</a>. Although they had been flown to Los Angeles for the taping and played three songs, the only part that was televised was a 45-second segment of "<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Want_to_Make_Love_to_You" title="I Just Want to Make Love to You">I Just Want to Make Love to You</a>" and host Dean Martin made derogatory remarks about the Stones, including "Their hair is not long. It's just smaller foreheads and higher eyebrows."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li>Over <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathet_Lao" title="Pathet Lao">Pathet Lao</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiaircraft_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiaircraft artillery">antiaircraft artillery</a> shot down a U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">RF-8A Crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/Imagery_intelligence" title="Imagery intelligence">photographic reconnaissance</a> aircraft piloted by Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Charles_Klusmann" title="Charles Klusmann">Charles F. Klusmann</a>. It was the first U.S. Navy aircraft and first American <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">fixed-wing aircraft</a> to be lost over <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Klusmann would be taken as a prisoner of war but would escape a few months later.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%A7a_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Taça das Nações">Taça das Nações</a> soccer football tournament of four nations, nicknamed the "Little World Cup" and held in Brazil to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Brazilian Football Confederation, was effectively won by <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team" title="Argentina national football team">Argentina</a> with a 1 to 0 victory over England, allowing it to finish unbeaten (3-0-0). Although Brazil beat Portugal the next day, 4 to 1, it had lost to Argentina, 3 to 0, on June 3 and could finish no higher than second place.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li>Died: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Banister" title="Guy Banister">Guy Banister</a>, 63, FBI agent cited during the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Clay_Shaw" title="Trial of Clay Shaw">Trial of Clay Shaw</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">conspiracy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">kill John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Warwick" title="Robert Warwick">Robert Warwick</a>, 85, American stage, film and television actor</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_7,_1964_(Sunday)"><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a>, 1964 (Sunday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June 7, 1964 (Sunday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ruby" title="Jack Ruby">Jack Ruby</a>, who had killed accused presidential assassin <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>, testified before the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>. Since Ruby had been imprisoned since November 24, the questioning took place at the interrogation room of the Dallas County Jail, with Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> and U.S. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Ford">Gerald R. Ford</a> from the commission, and began at 11:45 in the morning and lasted for three hours.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> "I would like to be able to get a lie detector test or truth serum of what motivated me to do what I did at that particular time," Ruby began, "and it seems as you get further into something, even though you know what you did, it operates against you somehow, brainwashes you, that you are weak in what you want to tell the truth and what you want to say which is the truth."<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Died: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Attlee,_Countess_Attlee" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet Attlee, Countess Attlee">Violet Attlee, Countess Attlee</a>, 68, wife of former British Prime Minister Clement Attlee died from a cerebral haemorrhage<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Llewellyn" title="Charlie Llewellyn">Charlie Llewellyn</a>, 87, the first non-white South African Test cricketer (1896–1912)<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_8,_1964_(Monday)"><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a>, 1964 (Monday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: June 8, 1964 (Monday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The burst of two dams killed 28 people in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, and left 115 missing, as the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Sun_River" title="Sun River">Sun River</a> at a depth of up to 6 feet (1.8 m) through entire towns, including <a href="/wiki/Choteau,_Montana" title="Choteau, Montana">Choteau, Montana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li>The UN Trust territory of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, administered by Australia, convened its first elected legislature, the 64-member <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea" title="House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea">House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea</a>. Previously, the south Pacific islands had been governed by an appointed legislative council.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Under the provisions of Australia's Papua and New Guinea Act, 44 of the members were indigenous residents voted upon by people within a geographic electorate, 10 were non-indigenous from special electorates, and the other 10 were appointed by the Governor-General of Australia on the recommendation of the Papua New Guinean administrator.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li>A 15-year-old boy in <a href="/wiki/Gila_Bend,_Arizona" title="Gila Bend, Arizona">Gila Bend, Arizona</a>, United States, Gerald Gault, was arrested after being accused by Mrs. Ora Cook of having made an obscene phone call. He was placed in the county's juvenile detention center without notice to his parents.<a href="#cite_note-Thibault-47">[47]</a> The parents' appeal against the sentence would lead to a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision <a href="/wiki/May_1967" title="May 1967">on May 15, 1967</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li>All NASA <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a> began Gemini launch abort training on the <a href="/wiki/Ling-Temco-Vought" title="Ling-Temco-Vought">Ling-Temco-Vought</a> simulator. <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Group 1</a> (selected <a href="/wiki/April_1959" title="April 1959">April 1959</a>) and <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">Group 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/September_1962" title="September 1962">September 1962</a>) astronauts averaged approximately 100 runs each, while <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">Group 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/October_1963" title="October 1963">October 1963</a>) astronauts completed 32 runs apiece. Training was completed July 30.<a href="#cite_note-Grimwood_2-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Born: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova#Personal_life" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Elena Andrianovna Nikolaeva-Tereshkova</a>, the first child to be born to two space travelers; in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Her mother, <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova" title="Valentina Tereshkova">Valentina Tereshkova</a>, was in orbit space almost a year earlier on <a href="/wiki/Vostok_6" title="Vostok 6">Vostok 6</a>, and her father, <a href="/wiki/Andriyan_Nikolayev" title="Andriyan Nikolayev">Andriyan Nikolayev</a> had been on <a href="/wiki/Vostok_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok 3">Vostok 3</a> in August 1962.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cassol" title="Fabrizio Cassol">Fabrizio Cassol</a>, Belgian saxophonist, first to use the <a href="/wiki/Aulochrome" title="Aulochrome">aulochrome</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Ougr%C3%A9e" title="Ougrée">Ougrée</a></li></ul></li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Quintanilla" title="Carlos Quintanilla">Carlos Quintanilla</a>, 76, Bolivian general who served as the 37th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">president of Bolivia</a> for eight months in 1939 and 1940<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_9,_1964_(Tuesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a>, 1964 (Tuesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: June 9, 1964 (Tuesday)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Shastri</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> was sworn in as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>, becoming "the second man to rule modern India" since its independence from the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> He would serve for a year and a half before his sudden death on <a href="/wiki/January_1966" title="January 1966">January 11, 1966</a>, during a summit in the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In his inaugural broadcast to the nation, "There comes a time in the life of every nation when it stands at the cross-roads of history and must choose which way to go. But for us there need be no difficulty or hesitation, no looking to right or left. Our way was straight and clear—the building up of a socialist democracy at home with freedom and prosperity for all, and the maintenance of world peace and friendship with all nations."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>A federal court jury in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City, Kansas</a>, found army deserter George John Gessner guilty of passing United States secrets to the Soviet Union and sentenced him to life imprisonment. Private Gessner had fled from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a> in Texas on December 6, 1960 and, two days later, went to the Soviet embassy in Mexico City.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> He would admit that a month later, in January 1961, he had sold operational and design details of the <a href="/wiki/Mark_7_nuclear_bomb" title="Mark 7 nuclear bomb">Mark 7 nuclear bomb</a>, the 280 mm atomic cannon and the 8-inch atomic mortar, in return for a payment of $200. However, his conviction would be reversed on findings that his confession had been made under duress and, on March 8, 1966, the U.S. Department of Justice would drop the charges because "the government had no case against Gessner without a confession."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Wayman_Tisdale" title="Wayman Tisdale">Wayman Tisdale</a>, American basketball player; in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a> (died of cancer, 2009)</li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Max_Aitken,_1st_Baron_Beaverbrook" title="Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a>, 85, Canadian-born newspaper publisher and politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_10,_1964_(Wednesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a>, 1964 (Wednesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: June 10, 1964 (Wednesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The U.S. Senate voted, 71 to 29, for a <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">cloture</a> to end the longest <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> in Senate history, 75 days after long opposition speeches by opponents of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> A cloture vote required at least two-thirds of the Senators present, or 67 votes, to pass. U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Byrd" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Byrd">Robert C. Byrd</a> of West Virginia had completed the last of the filibuster speeches at 9:51 in the morning, 14 hours and 13 minutes after he had started at 7:38 the previous evening. The vote marked only the fifth time that cloture had been voted and cleared the way for approval of the bill. Twenty-three Democrats and six Republicans opposed the cloture vote, with 23 of the 24 southern senators, along with Byrd from West Virginia, one each from Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming and South Dakota, and both from Arizona, including Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Continental_Shelf" title="Convention on the Continental Shelf">Convention on the Continental Shelf</a> entered into force after having been ratified by 22 of the 46 nations whose representatives had signed it in Geneva on April 29, 1958.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Daniels" title="Ben Daniels">Ben Daniels</a>, English stage and television actor; in <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_11,_1964_(Thursday)"><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a>, 1964 (Thursday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: June 11, 1964 (Thursday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>'s first Institutional Act (the Ato Institucional), promulgated on April 9, expired under its own terms, after President <a href="/wiki/Humberto_de_Alencar_Castelo_Branco" title="Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco">Humberto Castelo Branco</a> had removed 378 public officials from office and suspended their political rights for 10 years. Those affected included 300 local legislators at the state and municipal level; 63 national deputies and two national senators; six state governors; and former presidents <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">João Goulart</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A2nio_Quadros" title="Jânio Quadros">Jânio Quadros</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juscelino_Kubitschek" title="Juscelino Kubitschek">Juscelino Kubitschek</a>. Castelo Branco also fired more than 10,000 civil servants, and retired 77 army officers, 14 navy officers, and 31 air force officers.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Investigations continued, however, with the creation the same month of the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Service of Brazil">SNI</a>, the Serviço Nacional de Informações or National Information Service, to spy on Brazil's civilians.</li> <li>In the suburb of Volkhoven in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_massacre" title="Cologne school massacre">Walter Seifert</a> attacked students and teachers at a Roman Catholic elementary school with a homemade <a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">flamethrower</a>, killing 10 and injuring 21.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Screaming "Hitler the second has returned!" he set fire to a classroom building with ignited fuel, then torched two other buildings before his fuel supply was spent.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Seifert died after being shot by police.</li> <li>The new <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_Soviet_Union#1961_Fundamentals" title="Copyright law of the Soviet Union">RSFSR Civil Code</a>, governing the rules for lawsuits and other non-criminal proceedings in courts in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>, went into effect in the largest of the Soviet Union's 15 socialist republic, in what is now the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Equal_Pay_Act_of_1963" title="Equal Pay Act of 1963">Equal Pay Act of 1963</a> took effect in the United States, prohibiting wage discrimination by any American employer who was subject to the minimum wage requirements of the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Labor Standards Act">Fair Labor Standards Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Plaek_Phibunsongkhram" title="Plaek Phibunsongkhram">Plaek Phibunsongkhram</a>, 66, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister of Thailand</a> from 1938 to 1944, and from 1948 to 1957</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_12,_1964_(Friday)"><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a>, 1964 (Friday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: June 12, 1964 (Friday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> signed a 20-year "treaty of friendship" in Moscow but stopped short of a formal peace treaty declaring an end to the USSR's war with Germany during World War II. The agreement stated that the two nations considered <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> to be "an independent political unit" rather than a part of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. Soviet premier <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> and East German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a> executed the pact in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. The United States, United Kingdom and France would respond on June 26 with a rejection of the Communist description of West Berlin's status.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> and seven co-defendants (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kathrada" title="Ahmed Kathrada">Ahmed Kathrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Govan_Mbeki" title="Govan Mbeki">Govan Mbeki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Goldberg" title="Denis Goldberg">Denis Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Mhlaba" title="Raymond Mhlaba">Raymond Mhlaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mlangeni" title="Andrew Mlangeni">Andrew Mlangeni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elias_Motsoaledi" title="Elias Motsoaledi">Elias Motsoaledi</a>) were sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_South_Africa" title="Life imprisonment in South Africa">life imprisonment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Goldberg would be sent to Pretoria, while Mandela and the other black defendants went to the <a href="/wiki/Robben_Island" title="Robben Island">Robben Island</a> prison.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Mandela would not be released until 1990, and later would be elected as the first black <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a> in 1994.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">William Scranton</a> announced his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination, as part of a movement to stop Barry Goldwater from receiving the nomination.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> By then, Goldwater had picked up 114 more delegates from other states after California, for 562 convention votes, just 93 short of the 655 needed to get the nomination.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The next day, he would receive 42 more votes from four more states to reach 618.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp/220px-Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp/330px-Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp/440px-Gemini_rendezvous_plans.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>Potential Gemini rendezvous plans</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher C. Kraft, Jr.">Christopher C. Kraft, Jr.</a> of the Manned Spacecraft Center reported that three basic plans were under study for <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Project Gemini</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">space rendezvous</a> missions. Rendezvous of the two spacecraft from concentric orbits would be chosen for the first rendezvous mission, <a href="/wiki/Gemini_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini 6">Gemini 6</a>. The other two choices — rendezvous at first <a href="/wiki/Apogee" class="mw-redirect" title="Apogee">apogee</a> and a tangential rendezvous— would probably be rejected.<a href="#cite_note-Grimwood_2-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Representatives of NASA, McDonnell, Weber Aircraft, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> 6511th Test Group met to define the basic objectives of the Gemini personnel recovery system under simulated operational conditions. The plan program called for the recovery system to be ejected from an <a href="/wiki/F-106" class="mw-redirect" title="F-106">F-106</a> aircraft to demonstrate compatibility between the recovery system and the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Grimwood_2-25">[25]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_13,_1964_(Saturday)"><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a>, 1964 (Saturday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: June 13, 1964 (Saturday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The first 300 volunteers for the "<a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a>" project, to register African-Americans to vote in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, arrived at the campus of the <a href="/wiki/Western_College_for_Women" title="Western College for Women">Western College for Women</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Ohio" title="Oxford, Ohio">Oxford, Ohio</a>. They received instruction from members of the Mississippi chapters of the <a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee</a> (SNCC), the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality</a> (CORE), the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> (NAACP) and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a> (SCLC).<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Luyt" title="Richard Luyt">Richard Luyt</a>, the colonial Governor of <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>) proclaimed a state of emergency and ordered the arrest of 28 politicians and trade union leaders, in the wake of escalating violence arising from a strike of sugar workers.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Burke" title="Kathy Burke">Kathy Burke</a>, English actress, comedian, playwright and theatre director; in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_14,_1964_(Sunday)"><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a>, 1964 (Sunday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: June 14, 1964 (Sunday)">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Further_(original_bus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Further_%28original_bus%29.jpg/150px-Further_%28original_bus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Further_%28original_bus%29.jpg/225px-Further_%28original_bus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Further_%28original_bus%29.jpg/300px-Further_%28original_bus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>The Further</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>American Beatnik author <a href="/wiki/Ken_Kesey" title="Ken Kesey">Ken Kesey</a> and his friends, the <a href="/wiki/Merry_Pranksters" title="Merry Pranksters">Merry Pranksters</a>, departed from their commune at <a href="/wiki/La_Honda,_California" title="La Honda, California">La Honda, California</a>, on their bus called "<a href="/wiki/Further_(bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Further (bus)">Furthur</a>", on a journey across the United States to the New York World's Fair. The purpose of the trip was for the riders to experience the American road while high on the hallucinogenic drug <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a>, which had not yet been outlawed. Author <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a> would later profile the trip in his bestselling book, <a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Kool-Aid_Acid_Test" title="The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test">The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>After 18 days, the <a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">National Army of Colombia</a> successfully completed its "Operation Marquetalia", the destruction of the "<a href="/wiki/Marquetalia_Republic" title="Marquetalia Republic">Marquetalia Republic</a>", a leftist guerrilla stronghold in the rural Colombian <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">departamento</a> of <a href="/wiki/Huila_Department" title="Huila Department">Huila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The guerrillas and their allies were dispersed, and anything they left behind was destroyed by the soldiers.</li> <li>The government of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> announced that the Communist nation had released 7,674 political prisoners and that the ruling <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> had plans for a general pardon of "practically all" remaining prisoners of conscience in August. The news came in a statement given by Deputy Premier <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_B%C3%A2rl%C4%83deanu" title="Alexandru Bârlădeanu">Alexandru Bârlădeanu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdirizak_Haji_Hussein" title="Abdirizak Haji Hussein">Abdirizak Haji Hussein</a> became the new <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Prime Minister of Somalia</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Abdirashid_Ali_Shermarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdirashid Ali Shermarke">A. A. Shermarke</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Youth_League" title="Somali Youth League">Somali Youth League</a> party lost 14 seats in the March 30 election.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Hussein would be fired on June 10, 1967, after Shermarke's election as President of Somalia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> held <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak parliamentary election, 1964">parliamentary elections</a> in which voters were asked to vote for or against the list of 100 <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Front (Czechoslovakia)">National Front</a> (Národní fronta or Národný front) candidates for the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia.</li> <li>More than 100 fans of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> required hospital treatment for their injuries when 250,000 people turned out at <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> to welcome the British group to its first visit to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1964_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1964 Belgian Grand Prix">1964 Belgian Grand Prix</a> motor race, held at the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_de_Spa-Francorchamps" title="Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps">Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps</a>, was won by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Clark" title="Jim Clark">Jim Clark</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_15,_1964_(Monday)"><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a>, 1964 (Monday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: June 15, 1964 (Monday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In its decision in <a href="/wiki/Reynolds_v._Sims" title="Reynolds v. Sims">Reynolds v. Sims</a>, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 8 to 1, that the legislative systems of six American states (New York, Maryland, Alabama, Colorado, Virginia and Delaware) were unconstitutional because the apportionment of their districts did not reflect an apportionment of a roughly equal number of people, thus violating the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection under the law. The new standards announced by the Court were such that nearly all 50 states would have to reform the apportionment systems of their state senatorial districts to reflect an equal distribution of the population, something not required of the United States Senate.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a> (G77) was formed by <a href="/wiki/Developing_nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing nations">developing nations</a> who were members of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, with the signing of the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a>. The founders were almost all of the African, South American and Central American nations, almost all of the Middle Eastern nations (except for <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>), and nearly all of the East Asian nations (except for the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>Born: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courteney_Cox" title="Courteney Cox">Courteney Cox</a>, American actress best known for portraying <a href="/wiki/Monica_Geller" title="Monica Geller">Monica Geller</a> on <a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Laudrup" title="Michael Laudrup">Michael Laudrup</a>, Danish footballer and manager; in <a href="/wiki/Frederiksberg" title="Frederiksberg">Frederiksberg</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_16,_1964_(Tuesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a>, 1964 (Tuesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: June 16, 1964 (Tuesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The collision of two barges with the 26-mile (42 km) long <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pontchartrain_Causeway" title="Lake Pontchartrain Causeway">Lake Pontchartrain Causeway</a> bridge in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> created a 240-foot (73 m) wide hole that was large enough for a <a href="/wiki/Continental_Trailways" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Trailways">Continental Trailways</a> bus to fall through. The bus was traveling north on the world's longest bridge, and had traveled 9 miles (14 km) along the Causeway when it encountered the hole at shortly after 1:45 in the morning.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Only 8 people were on board the early morning bus, on their way to <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, and six of them drowned. The barges were being pushed by the towboat Rebel Jr.; the helmsman of the tugboat said later that he had "fainted and apparently fell against a steering lever which drove the tug and its barges" into the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Niigata_earthquake" title="1964 Niigata earthquake">A 7.5 magnitude earthquake</a> struck 60 kilometres (37 miles) offshore from the city of <a href="/wiki/Niigata,_Niigata" class="mw-redirect" title="Niigata, Niigata">Niigata, Japan</a> at 1:01 in the afternoon local time (0401:44 UTC) and killed 28 people.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Hindley" class="mw-redirect" title="Myra Hindley">Myra Hindley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Brady" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Brady">Ian Brady</a> abducted Keith Bennett, a 12-year-old boy.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Bennett vanished on his way to his grandmother's house in <a href="/wiki/Longsight" title="Longsight">Longsight</a>. Hindley lured him into her <a href="/wiki/Mini#Variants" title="Mini">Mini pick-up</a>, in which Brady was sitting, by asking for help in loading some boxes, after which she said she would drive the boy home. She drove to a <a href="/wiki/Rest_area#United_Kingdom" title="Rest area">lay-by</a> on Saddleworth Moor, and Brady went off with Bennett, supposedly looking for a lost glove. Hindley kept watch, and after about 30 minutes Brady reappeared, alone and carrying a spade that he had hidden there earlier. When Hindley asked how he had killed Bennett, Brady said that he had sexually assaulted the boy and strangled him with a piece of string.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>Meeting in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas, the 11,000 participants at the Republican state convention in Texas pledged the state's 56 delegates to U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater, while Arkansas pledged 9 of its 12 delegates to the Arizona senator, bringing his total to 660, five more than the 655 needed to clinch the Republican Party nomination in the 1964 presidential race.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_17,_1964_(Wednesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a>, 1964 (Wednesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: June 17, 1964 (Wednesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converter</a> became mandatory for the first time in the United States as <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>'s <a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board</a> (MVPCP) forced automobile manufacturers to comply with the state's new regulations requiring motor vehicles sold within its borders to include the converter or another type of <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control" title="Vehicle emissions control">vehicle emissions control</a> device. The move came a few days after a spokesman for the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="Automobile Manufacturers Association">Automobile Manufacturers Association</a> said that GM, Ford and Chrysler would not be able to include the technology for at least two years.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> California, the first state to require emissions control devices. certified four devices from other vendors. "Faced with the prospect of installing devices made by third parties on their own cars," an author would note later, "the car makers would decide on August 12 to create their own devices within a year."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>In England, a missing persons investigation was launched in <a href="/wiki/Fallowfield" title="Fallowfield">Fallowfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, as police searched for 12-year-old Keith Bennett, who went missing on the previous evening. The boy's stepfather, Jimmy Johnson, became a suspect; in the two years following Bennett's disappearance, Johnson was taken for questioning on four occasions. Detectives searched under the floorboards of the Johnsons' house, and on discovering that the houses in the row were connected, extended the search to the entire street.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Joel_S._Goldsmith" title="Joel S. Goldsmith">Joel S. Goldsmith</a>, 72, American spiritual healer and founder of "<a href="/wiki/The_Infinite_Way" title="The Infinite Way">The Infinite Way</a>" movement<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_18,_1964_(Thursday)"><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a>, 1964 (Thursday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: June 18, 1964 (Thursday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The first telephone cable between <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> was inaugurated with a phone call between U.S. President Johnson (in Washington) and Japan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hayato_Ikeda" title="Hayato Ikeda">Hayato Ikeda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. A joint venture between <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> and the Japanese telephone company <a href="/wiki/Kokusai_Denshin_Denwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokusai Denshin Denwa">Kokusai Denshin Denwa</a> (KDD), the 5,300-mile long undersea cable was laid between <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> and gave Japan direct-line communications for the first time between Japan and North America, Europe and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Rodion_Malinovsky" title="Rodion Malinovsky">Rodion Malinovsky</a>, Defense Minister for the Soviet Union, signed orders starting the development of the first Soviet <a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space station</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz#Soyuz_R" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz-R</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>In Scotland, the typhoid epidemic in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, which hand sent 507 people to hospitals from contamination by bacteria traced to a single can of <a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">corned beef</a>, was declared to be at an end, more than a month after the first case had been detected on May 12.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>James "Jimmy" Brock, a manager of the <a href="/wiki/Monson_Motor_Lodge" title="Monson Motor Lodge">Monson Motor Lodge</a>, poured <a href="/wiki/Muriatic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Muriatic acid">muriatic acid</a> onto the hotel pool <a href="/wiki/1964_Monson_Motor_Lodge_protests" title="1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests">to burn a group of black and white protesters</a> during the <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_movement" title="St. Augustine movement">St. Augustine movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Uday_Hussein" title="Uday Hussein">Uday Hussein</a>, Iraqi politician and the elder son of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. Uday would be killed in a gun battle with U.S. forces during <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Qusay_and_Uday_Hussein" title="Killing of Qusay and Uday Hussein">a raid in 2003</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Morandi" title="Giorgio Morandi">Giorgio Morandi</a>, 73, Italian painter and printmaker<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_19,_1964_(Friday)"><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a>, 1964 (Friday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: June 19, 1964 (Friday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">Groundbreaking</a> was held for the new <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> (BART) system, with an event including U.S. President Johnson in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_California" title="Concord, California">Concord, California</a>. Criticizing Barry Goldwater's views on states' rights, Johnson talked about the federally-aided transit system serving San Francisco and Oakland and said, "The idea that we are 50 separate countries, that the federal government— representing the destiny of 190 million people— does not have duty to meet the needs of these people— this idea is as out of date as the dinosaur."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The President arrived by helicopter, "raising huge clouds of dust and whirling papers hundreds of feet into the air" as the pilot flew only 100 feet (30 m) above the crowd of 25,000 at the dedication, and a 70-year-old Concord resident was injured when a metal chair was blown into the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>Earlier in the day, the 1964 Civil Rights Act was approved by the United States Senate by a vote of 73 to 27. All of the votes against the bill came from the same U.S. Senators who had voted no in the 71–29 approval against ending the filibuster against the bill, including Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> of Arizona, who had opposed the measure as an unconstitutional usurpation of state powers by the federal government, rather than on opposition to the rights of African-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bible" title="Alan Bible">Alan Bible</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl Hayden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, who had voted against cloture, both voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Edward Kennedy</a>, 32, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Birch_Bayh" title="Birch Bayh">Birch Bayh</a>, 36, were seriously injured in a private plane crash at <a href="/wiki/Southampton,_Massachusetts" title="Southampton, Massachusetts">Southampton, Massachusetts</a>. The pilot, Edward J. Zimny, was killed. Accompanied by a Kennedy aide and by Mrs. Bayh, the two U.S. Senators were flying from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to attend the Massachusetts Democratic state convention in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">West Springfield</a> when the twin-engine <a href="/wiki/Aero_Commander" title="Aero Commander">Aero Commander</a> plunged into an apple orchard.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Kennedy broke his back and would be hospitalized for nearly six months, until December 16.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> narrowly survived a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a>, but by only six votes, 200 to 206.<a href="#cite_note-Uslu-11">[11]</a></li> <li>The last original episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a>, the CBS science fiction anthology series, was telecast with the showing of "<a href="/wiki/The_Bewitchin%27_Pool" title="The Bewitchin' Pool">The Bewitchin' Pool</a>".</li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> from 2019 to 2022; as Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Johnson's parents, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Johnson_(writer)" title="Stanley Johnson (writer)">Stanley Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Johnson_Wahl" title="Charlotte Johnson Wahl">Charlotte Fawcett Johnson</a> (later Charlotte Johnson Wahl), had moved from Britain to Manhattan in 1963 while Stanley was a student at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_20,_1964_(Saturday)"><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a>, 1964 (Saturday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: June 20, 1964 (Saturday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>U.S. Army Lt. General <a href="/wiki/William_C._Westmoreland" class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Westmoreland">William C. Westmoreland</a> took charge of <a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam" title="Military Assistance Command, Vietnam">Military Assistance Command, Vietnam</a> (MACV), succeeding retiring General <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Harkins" title="Paul D. Harkins">Paul D. Harkins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> During his four-year command, the number of American troops that he requested for the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> would increase twenty-fold, from fewer than 25,000 to more than 500,000, and he would continue to guide the conduct of the war as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> from 1968 to 1972.</li> <li>The crash of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Transport_Flight_106" title="Civil Air Transport Flight 106">Civil Air Transport Flight 106</a> killed all 57 people aboard.<a href="#cite_note-pcicicz-107">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando" title="Curtiss C-46 Commando">Curtiss C-46 Commando</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanese</a> airline <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Transport" title="Civil Air Transport">Civil Air Transport</a>, crashed near the <a href="/wiki/Fengyuan_District" title="Fengyuan District">Fengyuan</a>. Among the dead were 20 Americans, one Briton, and members of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysian</a> delegation to the 11th Film Festival in Asia, including businessman <a href="/wiki/Loke_Wan_Tho" title="Loke Wan Tho">Loke Wan Tho</a> and his wife Mavis.<a href="#cite_note-mg22june1964-108">[108]</a> The plane had taken off from <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a> 10 minutes earlier and then exploded.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_21,_1964_(Sunday)"><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a>, 1964 (Sunday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: June 21, 1964 (Sunday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">kidnapping and murder of three civil rights activists</a> — <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a>, 24, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a>, 20, both white New Yorkers, and <a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a>, 21, a black local resident — took place near <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Mississippi" title="Philadelphia, Mississippi">Philadelphia, Mississippi</a>. The three had left <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a> at 9:00 to travel 40 miles north to Philadelphia to investigate the burning of a church, and failed to return to Meridian at 4:00 that afternoon.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> After investigating the burning of the Mount Zion Methodist Church in <a href="/wiki/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi" title="Neshoba County, Mississippi">Neshoba County</a>, the three passed through Philadelphia and were arrested by Deputy Sheriff <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Price" title="Cecil Price">Cecil Price</a> and taken to jail. They were released at 10:30 that night and allowed to drive back toward Meridian under a police escort, then guided to a side road where all three were shot by Alton Wayne Roberts and James Jordan. Under the direction of Deputy Price, the three were buried in an earthen dam.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Their bodies would remain undiscovered until <a href="/wiki/August_1964" title="August 1964">August 4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Jim Bunning</a> pitched the first <a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">perfect game</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> in 84 years, guiding the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> to a 6–0 win over the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>. With no hits, no errors, and no men reaching base, Bunning retired 27 batters. Second baseman <a href="/wiki/Tony_Taylor_(baseball)" title="Tony Taylor (baseball)">Tony Taylor</a> helped save the perfect game in the 5th inning when he dived for a grounder by the Mets' <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Gonder" title="Jesse Gonder">Jesse Gonder</a> and was able to keep Gonder from reaching first base.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> It marked only the 8th perfect game in major league baseball up to that time. <a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">John Montgomery Ward</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Grays" title="Providence Grays">Providence Grays</a> had pitched a perfect game on June 17, 1880, in a 5–0 win over the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bisons_(NL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Bisons (NL)">Buffalo Bisons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Bunning would later be elected as a U.S. Representative and then a U.S. Senator from Kentucky.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a> beat the <a href="/wiki/USSR_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR national football team">Soviet Union</a>, 2–1, to win the <a href="/wiki/1964_UEFA_European_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 UEFA European Football Championship">1964 European Nations Cup</a> in front of a crowd of 120,000 people at <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Interzonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Interzonal">interzonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> championship ended in a four-way tie in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> as Denmark's <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bent_Larsen" title="Bent Larsen">Bent Larsen</a>, finished with 17 points along with three Soviet grandmasters, former world champions <a href="/wiki/Vassily_Smyslov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vassily Smyslov">Vassily Smyslov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tal" title="Mikhail Tal">Mikhail Tal</a>, and future world champion <a href="/wiki/Boris_Spassky" title="Boris Spassky">Boris Spassky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The final score was reported as "Larsen, Smyslov, Spassky, and Tal 17".<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Freudienne_de_Paris" title="École Freudienne de Paris">École Freudienne de Paris</a> was founded by psychoanalyst <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a> after his recognition was withdrawn by the <a href="/wiki/International_Psychoanalytical_Association" title="International Psychoanalytical Association">International Psychoanalytical Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li>Born: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Kononenko" title="Oleg Kononenko">Oleg Kononenko</a>, Russian cosmonaut; in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenabat" title="Türkmenabat">Chardzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen SSR">Turkmen SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (now Türkmenabat, <a href="/wiki/Lebap_Region" title="Lebap Region">Lebap Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>)<a href="#cite_note-bio-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Saunders" title="Dean Saunders">Dean Saunders</a>, Welsh footballer and striker on the Wales national team from 1986 to 2001; in <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Bailly-Salins" title="Patrice Bailly-Salins">Patrice Bailly-Salins</a>, French biathlete who won the <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1995" title="Biathlon World Championships 1995">Biathlon World Championships</a> in 1995; in <a href="/wiki/Morez" title="Morez">Morez</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_22,_1964_(Monday)"><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a>, 1964 (Monday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: June 22, 1964 (Monday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Supreme Court decided <a href="/wiki/Jacobellis_v._Ohio" title="Jacobellis v. Ohio">Jacobellis v. Ohio</a>, determining that a U.S. state could not ban the exhibition of a film simply on the opinion of a state official that the film was <a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscene</a>, without due process. In a 6 to 3 ruling, the justices held that <a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a>'s award-winning 1958 French film, <a href="/wiki/The_Lovers_(1958_film)" title="The Lovers (1958 film)">The Lovers</a>, but could not agree on a definition of what obscenity was. Four different opinions were written for the majority, with only <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur Goldberg</a> concurring with <a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Brennan">William J. Brennan</a>'s opinion; and two dissenting opinions were made. The case was famous for the statement by Justice <a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Potter Stewart</a> about "<a href="/wiki/Hard-core_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard-core pornography">hard-core pornography</a>", which all agreed was not protected by the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech. Stewart wrote, "I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But <a href="/wiki/I_know_it_when_I_see_it" title="I know it when I see it">I know it when I see it</a>..."</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Cooper_v._Pate" title="Cooper v. Pate">Cooper v. Pate</a>, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 100-word opinion that state prison inmates had standing to bring lawsuits in federal courts and, by extension, in individual state courts as well. The U.S. District Court in Chicago was ordered to hear Thomas X. Cooper's complaints that he had been deprived of his civil rights by the warden of the <a href="/wiki/Stateville_Correctional_Center" title="Stateville Correctional Center">Stateville Correctional Center</a>, and a year later, that court would rule in his favor on most of the complaints, in what "marked a turning point for inmates, not only in Illinois but around the country... Before Cooper, all power in prison had flowed from the wardens. Now it flowed from the courts."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Thousands of civil rights lawsuits would be filed by inmates and "the nation's prisons, many of them truly awful places, were vastly improved."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Segal" title="Abe Segal">Abe Segal</a> of South Africa defeated <a href="/wiki/Clark_Graebner" title="Clark Graebner">Clark Graebner</a> of the U.S. in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Singles" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles">first round of Wimbledon</a> in straight sets, 6–2, 7–5, 6–2. The <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> match made headlines worldwide because the <a href="/wiki/Official_(tennis)" title="Official (tennis)">line umpire</a>, Dorothy Cavis-Brown, had fallen asleep and did not call the <a href="/wiki/Match_point_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Match point (tennis)">match point</a> when Graebner's shot was out by a couple of feet. Graebner laughed and conceded the point, and the crowd laughed as Cavis-Brown, who was exhausted from overwork, continued sleeping until a ball boy woke her up.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/The_Ashes" title="The Ashes">the Ashes</a>, the annual <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">test cricket</a> series between England and Australia, batsman <a href="/wiki/John_Edrich" title="John Edrich">John Edrich</a> was first up for England and scored 120 runs before being retired.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Despite a 246 to 176 lead for England after the first of two innings, the second Test at <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Cricket_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord's Cricket Ground">Lord's Cricket Ground</a> ended in a draw the next day because of heavy rains.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li>The Gemini Recovery School, conducted by the NASA Flight Operations Directorate, began operations at <a href="/wiki/Kindley_Air_Force_Base" title="Kindley Air Force Base">Kindley Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>. This was the first such training course for Gemini offered to recovery personnel, including <a href="/wiki/Pararescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Pararescue">pararescue</a> crews, Air Force navigators, and maintenance personnel.<a href="#cite_note-Grimwood_2-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Born: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Kadlec" title="Miroslav Kadlec">Miroslav Kadlec</a>, Czech soccer football defender who played for the Czechoslovakian national team (1987–1993) and the Czech Republic team (1994–1997); in <a href="/wiki/Uhersk%C3%A9_Hradi%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Uherské Hradiště">Uherské Hradiště</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Brenneman" title="Amy Brenneman">Amy Brenneman</a>, American TV actress best known for the title role in <a href="/wiki/Judging_Amy" title="Judging Amy">Judging Amy</a>; in <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London, Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Brown" title="Dan Brown">Dan Brown</a>, American author of <a href="/wiki/The_Da_Vinci_Code" title="The Da Vinci Code">The Da Vinci Code</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter, New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Abe_(actor)" title="Hiroshi Abe (actor)">Hiroshi Abe</a>, Japanese film actor; in <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_23,_1964_(Tuesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a>, 1964 (Tuesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: June 23, 1964 (Tuesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> was awarded U.S. Patent No. 3,138,743 (filed on February 6, 1959) for his invention of the miniature <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> that made portable electronic devices, including hand-held computers, possible.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Kilby, along with <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Zhores Alferov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a>, would receive the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>The burned remains of the station wagon belonging to civil rights activists <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a>, 24, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a> Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney were found roughly 100 feet (30 m) off of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Highway_21" title="Mississippi Highway 21">Mississippi Highway 21</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi" title="Neshoba County, Mississippi">Neshoba County</a>, about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Mississippi" title="Philadelphia, Mississippi">Philadelphia, Mississippi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> There was no trace of the three men.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Lou_Yun" title="Lou Yun">Lou Yun</a>, Chinese gymnast and 1987 vaulting world champion; in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> province<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_24,_1964_(Wednesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a>, 1964 (Wednesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: June 24, 1964 (Wednesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> ruled that all cigarette package labels would be required, by January 1, to include a warning, displayed "clearly and prominently", that cigarette smoking could cause death from cancer and other diseases.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The FTC added that all cigarette advertising would be required to include the warning by July 1, 1965. The original warning, as required by Congress in 1965, was "Cigarette Smoking May be Hazardous to Your Health."<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li>Construction of Gemini-Agena facilities at <a href="/wiki/Complex_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex 14">complex 14</a> was completed.<a href="#cite_note-Grimwood_2-25">[25]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Steele" title="Christopher Steele">Christopher Steele</a>, British intelligence officer and investigator; to British parents in <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>, Federation of South Arabia (now <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>)</li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Davis_(painter)" title="Stuart Davis (painter)">Stuart Davis</a>, 71, American painter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_25,_1964_(Thursday)"><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a>, 1964 (Thursday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: June 25, 1964 (Thursday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mondlane" title="Eduardo Mondlane">Eduardo Mondlane</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/FRELIMO" title="FRELIMO">FRELIMO</a> (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique), the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> Liberation Front, announced the beginning of a guerrilla war against the colonial leaders of Portuguese East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Portuguese agents would assassinate Mondlane in 1969, but FRELIMO would ultimately sign the Lusaka Accord on September 7, 1974, after ten years of war. Portugal would grant Mozambique independence on June 25, 1975.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Swazi_parliamentary_election,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Swazi parliamentary election, 1964">parliamentary elections for Swaziland</a>, still a British protectorate surrounded by South Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Imbokodvo_National_Movement" title="Imbokodvo National Movement">Imbokodvo National Movement</a> won all eight of the "open" seats reserved for black Africans. The United Swaziland Association won the four reserved and four European seats for white candidates, and another eight seats went to traditional chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Taylor,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Albert Taylor, Jr.">Prince Albert Taylor, Jr.</a> became the first African-American bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Church (USA)">Methodist Church</a> to be assigned to a primarily white American congregation, becoming the bishop for New Jersey. He was followed two weeks later, on July 10, by the appointment of <a href="/wiki/James_Samuel_Thomas" title="James Samuel Thomas">James Samuel Thomas</a> as the bishop for Iowa.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Herbert" title="Johnny Herbert">Johnny Herbert</a>, English racing driver and winner of 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991; in <a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Essex" title="Brentwood, Essex">Brentwood, Essex</a></li> <li>Died: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Auguste_of_Bavaria_(1875%E2%80%931964)" title="Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)">Princess Auguste of Bavaria</a>, 89, member of the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> Royal House of <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> and the spouse of <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_August_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph August of Austria">Archduke Joseph August of Austria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Gerrit Rietveld</a>, 76, Dutch architect and designer</li> <li>Raymond G. McCarthy, 63, American expert on alcoholism and Yale University professor who pioneered the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> died as a disease. In 1953, his study concluded that at least 3,000,000 Americans were alcoholic, out of 68 million who consumed alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_26,_1964_(Friday)"><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a>, 1964 (Friday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: June 26, 1964 (Friday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Near <a href="/wiki/Marshalls_Creek,_Pennsylvania" title="Marshalls Creek, Pennsylvania">Marshalls Creek, Pennsylvania</a>, six people were killed, and 10 injured, in the blast of a truck hauling 15 tonnes (15 long tons; 17 short tons) of explosives. The driver had been transporting a cargo for the <a href="/wiki/American_Cyanamid" title="American Cyanamid">American Cyanamid</a> company when he had a <a href="/wiki/Blowout_(tire)" title="Blowout (tire)">blowout</a> of two tires, then kept driving until he could find a place to pull off the road. His tires were smoldering as he detached the cab from the trailer, and, while he was driving down the road to find a payphone, the truck caught fire. Three volunteer firemen were killed in the explosion of nitro carbon nitrate (NCN) and gelatin dynamite, along with a nearby resident, a passing motorist, and another truck driver who had spotted the fire.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The driver would later be acquitted in a trial for involuntary manslaughter.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li>A U.S. Air Force <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_LC-130" title="Lockheed LC-130">LC-130 Hercules</a> transport plane, specially equipped with landing skis, became the first aircraft to land in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> during the Antarctic winter season, when storms generally make the continent inaccessible. Piloted by Navy Lt. R. V. Mayer and carrying a team of medical specialists from <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Naval_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethesda Naval Hospital">Bethesda Naval Hospital</a>, the plane arrived at <a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a> "on an ice runway just cleared of fresh snow" after an eight-and-a-half-hour flight from <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, for the final leg of a 10,000-mile (16,000 km) journey that had started two days earlier from <a href="/wiki/Quonset,_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Quonset, Rhode Island">Quonset, Rhode Island</a>, and took off later in the morning. The hazardous mission was undertaken after a member of the Navy's <a href="/wiki/Seabees" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabees">Seabees</a> construction battalion, Petty Officer Bethel L. McMullen, had been seriously injured in a fall.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moise_Tshombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Moise Tshombe">Moise Tshombe</a> returned to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> after a one-year exile in Spain. Congolese President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mobutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Mobutu">Joseph Mobutu</a> requested that the former Prime Minister, who had once led an attempted secession, return in order to prevent a rebellion in the east, and sent Belgian journalist Pierre Davister to convey the invitation.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Jinlian" title="Zeng Jinlian">Zeng Jinlian</a>, Chinese victim of <a href="/wiki/Gigantism" title="Gigantism">gigantism</a>, verified (at 8'1" or 246.3 cm) as the tallest woman in history (d. 1982); in <a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanjiang, Hunan">Yuanjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> province.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_27,_1964_(Saturday)"><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a>, 1964 (Saturday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: June 27, 1964 (Saturday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On completion of a series of exhumations at the former <a href="/wiki/Jasenovac_concentration_camp" title="Jasenovac concentration camp">Jasenovac concentration camp</a> in Croatia, a team estimated that the grounds of Donja Gradina held the remains of 366,000 victims of anti-Serbian extermination practices during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In 1989, Serbian anthropologist Srboljub Živanović would publish what he claimed were the full results of the 1964 studies, which in his words had been "suppressed by Tito's government in the name of <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">brotherhood and unity</a>, in order to put less emphasis on the crimes of the Croatian Ustaše".<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li>Singer <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> and TV actor <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> were married at his home in Beverly Hills, California, then set off on a honeymoon in Asia before Borgnine's scheduled July 27 obligation to begin filming the new season of his TV show, <a href="/wiki/McHale%27s_Navy" title="McHale's Navy">McHale's Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The two would be married for only 38 days before separating on August 4, and would divorce by November.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li>Born: <a href="/wiki/Kai_Diekmann" title="Kai Diekmann">Kai Diekmann</a>, German journalist and the chief editor of the tabloid <a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a> from 2001 to 2015; in <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>, West Germany</li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Mona_Barrie" title="Mona Barrie">Mona Barrie</a>, 54, English-born film actress, died from undisclosed causes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_28,_1964_(Sunday)"><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a>, 1964 (Sunday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: June 28, 1964 (Sunday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Britt Sullivan, a 29-year-old veteran of the U.S. Navy's <a href="/wiki/WAVES" title="WAVES">WAVES</a> program, disappeared in shark-infested waters on the third day of her attempt at a <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of crossings of the Atlantic Ocean">trans-Atlantic swim</a> between New York and England. The skipper of her escort boat, the Marine Center, told the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a> that she had been pulled from the water "because a big school of sharks came within 30 yards of her" and that "a short time later she reentered the water and began swimming once again".<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Sullivan, whose journey had started on Friday from <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>, had planned "to swim 18 hours a day and rest six" on the 3,178-mile (5,114 km) journey.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The Coast Guard would abandon its search after two days after finding no trace of Ms. Sullivan.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li>A body found in the United Kingdom, in the woods near <a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a>, led to a significant case in the history of the use of <a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">entomology</a> to assist criminal investigations.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> By studying the <a href="/wiki/Maggot" title="Maggot">maggots</a> found on the body, <a href="/wiki/Forensic" class="mw-redirect" title="Forensic">forensic</a> <a href="/wiki/Entomologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomologist">entomologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Simpson_(pathologist)" title="Keith Simpson (pathologist)">Professor Keith Simpson</a> was able to establish the date of death at around June 16. Missing persons records for that date led the police to believe that the body was that of Peter Thomas, who had gone missing from his home in <a href="/wiki/Lydney" title="Lydney">Lydney</a>. William Brittle, a business partner of Thomas, would subsequently be convicted of the murder.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li>France's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Maurice Couve de Murville</a> participated in the live TV news interview program to be transmitted across the Atlantic Ocean. Speaking from a studio in Paris to the New York moderators on the NBC show <a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Press" title="Meet the Press">Meet the Press</a>, Couve cautioned that the United States could not win the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> if it increased its involvement. "This is not an ordinary war," he said. "That means a war you can just settle by victory or defeat. It is not that simple.... the problem cannot be settled by military means but should be settled by political means."<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> signed 12 agreements to settle all pending disputes between the two nations, including the payment by Bulgaria to Greece of seven million dollars of <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war reparations</a> arising from World War II, when Bulgaria had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> invading Greece.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a> announced the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Afro-American_Unity" title="Organization of Afro-American Unity">Organization of Afro-American Unity</a> in a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom" title="Audubon Ballroom">Audubon Ballroom</a> in New York.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> He would be <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Malcolm_X" title="Assassination of Malcolm X">assassinated</a> in the same ballroom less than eight months later, on February 21, 1965.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1964_French_Grand_Prix" title="1964 French Grand Prix">1964 French Grand Prix</a> was held at the <a href="/wiki/Rouen-Les-Essarts" title="Rouen-Les-Essarts">Rouen-Les-Essarts</a> circuit and was won by American <a href="/wiki/Dan_Gurney" title="Dan Gurney">Dan Gurney</a>.</li> <li>Born: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Grace" title="Mark Grace">Mark Grace</a>, American baseball player and first baseman; in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lynn_Sells" title="Tommy Lynn Sells">Tommy Lynn Sells</a>, American serial killer; in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a> (executed, 2013)</li></ul></li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Eduards_Kalni%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Eduards Kalniņš">Eduards Kalniņš</a>, 87, Latvian general</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_29,_1964_(Monday)"><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a>, 1964 (Monday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: June 29, 1964 (Monday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The People's Republic of China successfully tested the <a href="/wiki/Dongfeng-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongfeng-2">Dongfeng-2</a>, its first medium range ballistic missile, a few months before it exploded its first <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The Dongfeng-2 had a range of 1,500 kilometres (930 miles), making it capable of striking Japan from China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> began its first military involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> by deploying a 25-man contingent of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhut" class="mw-redirect" title="Tan Son Nhut">Tan Son Nhut</a> airport near <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Radio" title="Manx Radio">Manx Radio</a> became the first radio station on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> in the United Kingdom, as a 50-watt FM station with studios in the island's capital at <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>. As Radio Vannin, it also provided the first <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx language</a> radio programs, which were on for a few hours a week in addition to its <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> programming.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li>Died: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Dolphy" title="Eric Dolphy">Eric Dolphy</a>, 36, African-American jazz saxophonist died from complications of diabetes while in <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> during a European tour.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June_30,_1964_(Tuesday)"><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a>, 1964 (Tuesday)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: June 30, 1964 (Tuesday)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>UNOC, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">United Nations Operation in the Congo</a>, came to an end with the withdrawal of the last UN peacekeeping troops from the former Belgian Congo after four years.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Major General <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi" title="Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi">Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi</a>, commander of the first Nigerian Battalion and the future <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">President of Nigeria</a>, was the last of the 143 UN men on the force to board the chartered plane. His 85-member contingent, and the 58 men of the 57th division of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a>, were the only remaining UN forces, whose departure coincided with the resignation of Congolese premier <a href="/wiki/Cyrille_Adoula" title="Cyrille Adoula">Cyrille Adoula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>Twenty-two employees of the Reading and Bates Drilling Company were killed, and 26 injured, in the explosion of an offshore oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico, about 72 miles (116 km) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_City,_Louisiana" title="Morgan City, Louisiana">Morgan City, Louisiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Only nine bodies were recovered, and the remaining 13 were presumed to have sunk with the rig in 185 feet (56 m) of water.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1964&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> "The position of overseas associated states in the E.E.C.", in The Law of the Common Market, B. A. Wortley, ed. (Manchester University Press, 1974) pp205-206 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> "U.S., Russia Sign New Consular Treaty", Chicago Tribune, June 2, 1964, p3 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Nasuh Uslu, The Cyprus Question as an Issue of Turkish Foreign Policy and Turkish-American Relations, 1959-2003 (Nova Publishers, 2003) p45 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kaf.mod.go.ke/?p=1294">"About Us" in Kenya Air Force website</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> C.H. Dodd and M.E. Sales, Israel and the Arab World (Routledge, 2015) p140 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCullen1994" class="citation book cs1">Cullen, Robert (1994) [1993]. The Killer Department: Detective Viktor Burakov's Eight-Year Hunt for the Most Savage Serial Killer of Our Times. London: Orion Media. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85797-210-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85797-210-4"><bdi>1-85797-210-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Killer+Department%3A+Detective+Viktor+Burakov%27s+Eight-Year+Hunt+for+the+Most+Savage+Serial+Killer+of+Our+Times&rft.place=London&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Orion+Media&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85797-210-4&rft.aulast=Cullen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJune+1964" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1999" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Owen (30 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/1999/01/30/a-killers-confidante-in-a-murderous-town-a280832">"A Killer's Confidante In a Murderous Town"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 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June 29, 1964. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=U.S.+Can%27t+Win+in+Viet%2C+French+Minister+Says&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1964-06-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJune+1964" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzivassiliou2006" class="citation book cs1">Hatzivassiliou, Evanthis (2006). Greece and the Cold War: Front Line State, 1952-1967. 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July 1, 1964. p. 6-D.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Antonio+Express&rft.atitle=Congo+Gets+Caretaker+Premier&rft.pages=6-D&rft.date=1964-07-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJune+1964" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Seagoing Oil Rig Explodes; Fear 20 Die". Chicago Tribune. July 1, 1964. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Seagoing+Oil+Rig+Explodes%3B+Fear+20+Die&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1964-07-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJune+1964" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Vessel, Crewmen May Remain In Watery Grave Beneath Gulf". <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myers_News-Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Myers News-Press">Fort Myers News-Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myers,_Florida" title="Fort Myers, Florida">Fort Myers, Florida</a>. AP. July 9, 1964. p. 7-B.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fort+Myers+News-Press&rft.atitle=Vessel%2C+Crewmen+May+Remain+In+Watery+Grave+Beneath+Gulf&rft.pages=7-B&rft.date=1964-07-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJune+1964" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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title="1968">1968</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1968" title="January 1968">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1968" title="February 1968">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1968" title="March 1968">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1968" title="April 1968">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1968" title="May 1968">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1968" title="June 1968">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1968" title="July 1968">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1968" title="August 1968">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1968" title="September 1968">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1968" title="October 1968">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1968" title="November 1968">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1968" title="December 1968">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1966" title="January 1966">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1966" title="February 1966">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1966" title="March 1966">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1966" title="April 1966">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1966" title="May 1966">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1966" title="June 1966">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1966" title="July 1966">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1966" title="August 1966">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1966" title="September 1966">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1966" title="October 1966">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1966" title="November 1966">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1966" title="December 1966">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1965" title="January 1965">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1965" title="February 1965">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1965" title="March 1965">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1965" title="April 1965">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1965" title="May 1965">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1965" title="June 1965">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1965" title="July 1965">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1965" title="August 1965">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1965" title="September 1965">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1965" title="October 1965">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1965" title="November 1965">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1965" title="December 1965">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1964" title="January 1964">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1964" title="February 1964">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1964" title="March 1964">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1964" title="April 1964">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1964" title="May 1964">May</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1964" title="July 1964">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1964" title="August 1964">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1964" title="September 1964">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1964" title="October 1964">Oct</a></li> <li><a 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title="October 1963">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963" title="November 1963">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1963" title="December 1963">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1962" title="January 1962">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1962" title="February 1962">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1962" title="March 1962">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1962" title="April 1962">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1962" title="May 1962">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1962" title="June 1962">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1962" title="July 1962">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1962" title="August 1962">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1962" title="September 1962">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1962" title="October 1962">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1962" title="November 1962">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1962" title="December 1962">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1961" title="January 1961">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1961" title="February 1961">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1961" title="March 1961">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1961" title="April 1961">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1961" title="May 1961">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1961" title="June 1961">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1961" title="July 1961">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1961" title="August 1961">Aug</a></li> <li><a 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