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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesara_Cremonini" title="Cesara Cremonini – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cesara Cremonini" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini" title="Cesare Cremonini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cesare Cremonini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini" title="Cesare Cremonini – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cesare Cremonini" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(Philosoph)" title="Cesare Cremonini (Philosoph) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cesare Cremonini (Philosoph)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini" title="Cesare Cremonini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cesare Cremonini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini" title="Cesare Cremonini – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cesare Cremonini" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosophe)" title="Cesare Cremonini (philosophe) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cesare Cremonini (philosophe)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(filosofo)" title="Cesare Cremonini (filosofo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cesare Cremonini (filosofo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(fil%C3%B3sofo)" title="Cesare Cremonini (filósofo) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cesare Cremonini (filósofo)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кремонини, Чезаре – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кремонини, Чезаре" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini" title="Cesare Cremonini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cesare Cremonini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian academic and philosopher (1550–1631)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(musician)" title="Cesare Cremonini (musician)">Cesare Cremonini (musician)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Cesare Cremonini</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesare_Cremonini_(d%C3%A9tail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Cesare_Cremonini_%28d%C3%A9tail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="274" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1550-12-22</span>)</span>22 December 1550<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cento" title="Cento">Cento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ferrara" title="Province of Ferrara">Province of Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a>, Italy)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 July 1631<span style="display:none">(1631-07-19)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Padua" title="Province of Padua">Province of Padua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, Italy)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_philosophy" title="Renaissance philosophy">Renaissance philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Averroism" title="Averroism">Averroism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mortality of the soul, separation of reason and faith</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cesare Cremonini</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈtʃeːzare<span class="wrap"> </span>kremoˈniːni,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtʃɛː-]</a></span>; 22 December 1550<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 19 July 1631), sometimes <b>Cesare Cremonino</b>, was an <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> professor of <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a>, working <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> (against <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotelian</a> <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a> (against the <a href="/wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualism (philosophy of mind)">dualist immortality of the soul</a>) inside <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">scholasticism</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Latinized_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinized name">Latinized name</a> was <b>Cæsar Cremoninus</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Cæsar Cremonius</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Considered one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophers</a> in his time, patronized by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara">Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara</a>, corresponding with kings and princes who had his portrait, paid twice the salary of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, he is now more remembered as an infamous side actor of the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_affair" title="Galileo affair">Galileo affair</a>, being one of the two scholars who refused to look through Galileo's <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cesare Cremonini was born in <a href="/wiki/Cento" title="Cento">Cento</a> in the then <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. He was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a> for about 60 years: </p> <ul><li>From 1573 to 1590, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ferrara" title="University of Ferrara">University of Ferrara</a>. Starting at a very young age and considered a great talent, he obtained the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara">Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (to whom he would dedicate his first major book in 1596). The jealousies caused by this protection helped him to eventually accept a position outside his native province.</li> <li>From 1591<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until his death,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a> in <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, then under <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> rule (succeeding to <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Zabarella" title="Jacopo Zabarella">Jacopo Zabarella</a>), in a chair of natural philosophy and a chair of medicine.</li></ul> <p>He taught the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, especially as interpreted by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Aphrodisias" title="Alexander of Aphrodisias">Alexander of Aphrodisias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a>. </p><p>He was so popular in his time that most kings and princes had his portrait<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and corresponded with him, sometimes consulting him about private and public affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Padua, his salary was twice that of Galileo. He was especially popular among the French intellectuals who called him "le Cremonin" (the Cremonin); even a remote writer such as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Guez_de_Balzac" title="Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac">Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac</a> mentioned him as "le grand Cremonin" (the great Cremonin) in his <i>Lettres</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaphysical_views">Metaphysical views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Metaphysical views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following up on the controversy opened in 1516 by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pomponazzi" title="Pietro Pomponazzi">Pietro Pomponazzi</a> and continued by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Zabarella" title="Jacopo Zabarella">Jacopo Zabarella</a> (his predecessors in the chair), Cremonini too taught that reason alone cannot demonstrate the immortality of the soul – his absolute adherence to Aristotle implying that he believed in the mortality of the soul. After a paper he wrote about the Jesuits, and public statements he made in favor of laic teachers, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> in Venice accused him of <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a>, then relayed their grievances to Rome. He was prosecuted in 1604 by the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a> for <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Averroism" title="Averroism">Averroist heresy</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Double_truth" title="Double truth">double truth</a>", and ordered to refute his claims: as was his manner, Cremonini gently refused to retract himself, sheltering himself behind Aristotle's authority. Because Padua was then under tolerant Venetian rule, he was kept out of reach of a full trial. </p><p>As for the accusations, and beyond Cremonini's teachings: indeed his personal motto was "Intus ut libet, foris ut moris est"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Latin for "In private think what you wish, in public behave as is the custom"), which was taken by <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanists</a> as meaning that a scientific thinker could hold one set of opinions as a philosopher, and another set as a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>; it was also adopted by European <a href="/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">Libertines</a> (brought back to France by his student and confidant <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Naud%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Naudé">Gabriel Naudé</a>). After his death, Cremonini had his tombstone engraved with "Cæsar Cremoninus hic totus jacet" (Latin for "Here lies all of Cremonini"), implying that no soul survived. </p><p>His student Naudé (who had been his confidant for three months) qualified most of his Italian teachers as "Atheists"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and especially Cremonini as a "déniaisé" ("one who has been wised up, unfoolish, devirginized", the Libertines' word for unbelievers); he added to his friends, translated, "The Cremonin, Professor of Philosophy in Padua, confessed to a few choice Friends of his that he believed neither in God, nor in <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>, nor in the immortality of the <a href="/wiki/Soul_(spirit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul (spirit)">soul</a>: yet he was careful that his manservant was a good <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, for fear he said, should he believe in nothing, that he may one morning cut my throat in my bed".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a> pointed out that Cremonini did not believe in the immortality of the soul (in the "Crémonin" article of his <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_and_Critical_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical and Critical Dictionary">Historical and Critical Dictionary</a></i>). <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a>, in his 1710 <i>Theodicy</i>, dealing with the Averroists, who "declared that man's soul is, according to philosophy, mortal, while they protested their acquiescence in Christian theology, which declares the soul's immortality", says "that very sect of the Averroists survived as a school. It is thought that Caesar Cremoninus, a philosopher famous in his time, was one of its mainstays".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Larousse" title="Pierre Larousse">Pierre Larousse</a>, in his opinionated <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_dictionnaire_universel_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle">Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle</a></i>, stated Cremonini was not a Christian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cremonini_and_Galileo">Cremonini and Galileo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cremonini and Galileo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Padua Cremonini was both a rival and a friend of his colleague Galileo. When Galileo announced that he had discovered mountains on the Moon in 1610, he offered Cremonini the chance to observe the evidence through a telescope. Cremonini refused even to look through the telescope and insisted that Aristotle had definitely proved the Moon could only be a perfect sphere. When Galileo decided to move to Tuscany that year, Cremonini warned him that it would bring him under the Inquisition's jurisdiction. Indeed, the next year the Inquisition reviewed Cremonini's case for evidence against Galileo.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems" title="Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems">Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems</a></i>, Galileo would include the character Simplicio - the name was not casually chosen - a dogmatic Aristotelian philosopher who was partly based on Cremonini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Cremonini died in 1631 during the Paduan outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Plague_of_1629-1631" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Plague of 1629-1631">Italian Plague of 1629-1631</a>, more than 400 students were working with him. His previous students included, alphabetically: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Corydalleus" title="Theophilos Corydalleus">Theophilos Corydalleus</a>, graduated 1613, a Greek philosopher, had some influence in the Greek-speaking world during the 17th and 18th centuries, founded Corydalism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a>, graduated 1602, an English doctor who was the first to correctly describe the circulation of the blood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim Jung">Joachim Jung</a>, graduated 1619, a German mathematician and naturalist popularized by <a href="/wiki/John_Ray" title="John Ray">John Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kottounios" title="Ioannis Kottounios">Ioannis Kottounios</a>, an eminent Greek scholar and his successor to the chair of philosophy at Padua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Lipsius" title="Justus Lipsius">Justus Lipsius</a>, a philosopher of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Naud%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Naudé">Gabriel Naudé</a>, in 1625–27, a French scholar and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>'s librarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Patin" title="Guy Patin">Guy Patin</a>, a French doctor, headmaster of the School of Medicine in Paris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rocco" title="Antonio Rocco">Antonio Rocco</a>, an Italian philosophy teacher and libertine writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfitz_Ulfeldt_(1606-1664)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corfitz Ulfeldt (1606-1664)">Corfitz Ulfeldt</a>, in 1628–29, a famous Danish statesman and traitor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemming_Ulfeldt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flemming Ulfeldt (page does not exist)">Flemming Ulfeldt</a>, also in 1628–29, a Danish statesman and military leader, younger brother of Corfitz</li></ul> <p>He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monastery of St. <a href="/wiki/Justina_of_Padua" title="Justina of Padua">Justina of Padua</a> (to which he also willed his possessions). His name has been given to several streets ("via Cesare Cremonini" in Cento, "via Cesare Cremonino" in Padua) and an institute ("Istituto Magistrale Cesare Cremonini" in Cento). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concise_bibliography">Concise bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Concise bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cremonini,_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu,_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cremonini%2C_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu%2C_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg/220px-Cremonini%2C_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu%2C_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cremonini%2C_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu%2C_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg/330px-Cremonini%2C_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu%2C_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cremonini%2C_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu%2C_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg/440px-Cremonini%2C_Cesare_%E2%80%93_Explanatio_prooemii_librorum_Aristotelis_De_physico_auditu%2C_1596_%E2%80%93_BEIC_176376.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption><i>Explanatio prooemii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu</i>, 1596 </figcaption></figure> <p>Below are his main books (many of them including separate treatises), listing only their most usual abridged titles: </p> <ul><li>1596: <i>Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu</i></li> <li>1605: <i>De formis elementorum</i></li> <li>1611: <i>De Anima</i> (student transcript of a Cremonini lecture)</li> <li>1613: <i>Disputatio de cœlo</i></li> <li>1616: <i>De quinta cœli substantia</i> (second series of <i>De cœlo</i>)</li> <li>1626: <i>De calido innato</i> (reprinted in 1634)</li> <li>1627: <i>De origine et principatu membrorum</i></li> <li>163?: <i>De semine</i> (printed or reprinted in 1634) <dl><dd>--- <i>Posthumous:</i></dd></dl></li> <li>1634: <i>De calido innato et semine</i> (expanding 1626 with 163?)</li> <li>1644: <i>De sensibus et facultate appetitiva</i></li> <li>1663: <i>Dialectica</i></li></ul> <p>(Not included are poems and other personal texts.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extended_bibliography">Extended bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Extended bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below are his main books (with usual short titles, original full titles, and indication of some variants or misspellings commonly found in literature). As was the practice of the time, many of them are made of opuscules, separate treatises grouped in a single binding. (Please note that Latin title spelling can vary depending on their grammatical position in a sentence, such as a "tractatus" becoming a "tractatum" in the <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative case</a> when inside a longer title.) </p> <ul><li>1596: <i><b>Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu</b></i> [1+20+22+43+1 folios<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>] (Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu cum introductione ad naturalem Aristotelis philosophiam, continente tractatum de pædia, descriptionemque universæ naturalis Aristoteliæ philosophiæ, quibus adjuncta est præfatio in libros De physico auditu. Ad serenissimum principem Alphonsum II Estensem Ferrariæ ducem augustissimum) also ("Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu, et in eosdem Præfatio, una cum Tractatu de Pædia, seu, Introductione ad philosophiam naturalem Aristotelis."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) (ed. Melchiorre Novello as "Melchiorem Novellum") – Padua: Novellum <ul><li>"Tractatus de pædia" alias "De pædia Aristotelis" or sometimes "De pœdia Aristotelis" (also as "Descriptio universæ naturalis Aristoteliæ philosophiæ", or erroneously "Diatyposis universæ naturalis aristotelicæ philosophiæ")</li> <li>"Introductio ad naturalem Aristotelis philosophiam" (sometimes "Introductio ad naturalem Aristotelis philosophiam")</li> <li>"Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu" (sometimes "Explanatio proœmii librorum De physico auditu")</li></ul></li> <li>1605: <i><b>De formis elementorum</b></i> (Disputatio De formis quatuor corporum simplicium quæ vocantur elementa) – Venice</li> <li>1611: <i><b>De Anima</b></i> (De Anima lectiones 31, opiniones antiquorum de anima lect. 17) – student transcript of a Cremonini lecture</li> <li>1613: <i><b>Disputatio de cœlo</b></i> (Disputatio de cœlo : in tres partes divisa, de natura cœli, de motu cœli, de motoribus cœli abstractis. Adjecta est Apologia dictorum Aristotelis, de via lactea, et de facie in orbe lunæ) – Venice: Thomam Balionum <ul><li>"De cœlo" <ul><li>"De natura cœli"</li> <li>"De motu cœli"</li> <li>"De motoribus cœli abstractis"</li></ul></li> <li>"De via lactea"</li> <li>"De facie in orbe lunæ"</li></ul></li> <li>1616: <i><b>De quinta cœli substantia</b></i> (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis, de quinta cœli substantia adversus Xenarcum, Joannem Grammaticum, et alios) – Venice: Meiettum (second series of <i>De cœlo</i>)</li> <li>1626: <i><b>De calido innato</b></i> (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis De calido innato adversus Galenum) – Venice: Deuchiniana (reprinted in 1634)</li> <li>1627: <i><b>De origine et principatu membrorum</b></i> (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis De origine et Principatu membrorum adversus Galenum) – Venice: Hieronymum Piutum <ul><li>"De origine"</li> <li>"De principatu membrorum"</li></ul></li> <li>163?: <i><b>De semine</b></i> (Expositio in digressionem Averrhois de semine contra Galenum pro Aristotele)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – (printed or reprinted in 1634) <dl><dd>--- <i>Posthumous:</i></dd></dl></li> <li>1634: <i><b>De calido innato et semine</b></i> (Tractatus de calido innato, et semine, pro Aristotele adversus Galenum) – Leiden: Elzevir (Lugduni-Batavorum) (expanding 1626 with 163?) <ul><li>"De calido innato"</li> <li>"De semine" (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis De Semine)</li></ul></li> <li>1644: <i><b>De sensibus et facultate appetitiva</b></i> (Tractatus tres : primus est de sensibus externis, secundus de sensibus internis, tertius de facultate appetitiva. Opuscula haec revidit Troylus Lancetta auctoris discipulus, et adnotatiotes confecit in margine) also (Tractatus III : de sensibus externis, de sensibus internis, de facultate appetitiva) (ed. Troilo Lancetta, as "Troilus Lancetta" or "Troilo de Lancettis"), Venice: Guerilios <ul><li>"De sensibus externis"</li> <li>"De sensibus internis"</li> <li>"De facultate appetitiva"</li></ul></li> <li>1663: <i><b>Dialectica</b></i> (Dialectica, Logica sive dialectica) (ed. Troilo Lancetta, as "Troilus Lancetta" or "Troilo de Lancettis") (sometimes "Dialecticum opus posthumum") – Venice: Guerilios</li></ul> <p>(Poems and other personal texts not included here.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birth in 1550 is by far the most common date, but sometimes 1552 is found (inferred by some from the assertion that he started teaching at age 21 in 1573, see Pierre Bayle or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070416180611/http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/filitali.htm">"Filitali"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/filitali.htm">the original</a> on 2007-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filitali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flgxserver.uniba.it%2Flei%2Ffilitali.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACesare+Cremonini+%28philosopher%29" class="Z3988"></span>). Thus, some sources will say "ca. 1550", or "1550 or 1552".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/galerie/neuzeit/cremon.htm">"Cæsar Cremoninus", ancient illustration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jordanus.ign.uni-muenchen.de/cgi-bin/iccmsm-search.pl?sprache=en&datenbank=iccmsm&ausgabe=dkurz&ausdateiformat=&listpos=0&listen=keine&listlet=keiner&fn=t52a56.f&fi=Caesar+Cremoninus">"Caesar Cremoninus", International Catalogue of Mediaeval Scientific Manuscripts, Munich University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001021934/http://jordanus.ign.uni-muenchen.de/cgi-bin/iccmsm-search.pl?sprache=en&datenbank=iccmsm&ausgabe=dkurz&ausdateiformat=&listpos=0&listen=keine&listlet=keiner&fn=t52a56.f&fi=Caesar%20Cremoninus">Archived</a> October 1, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filosofico.net/cremonino.htm">"Cæsar Cremonius", ancient illustration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/manuscripts/HITS0001.ASP?VPath=c!/inetpub/wwwroot/mss/data/msscat/html/13144.htm&Search=Add.+24215&Highlight=F">"Cæsar Cremonius", Manuscripts Catalogue of Italian litterati, British Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040907045701/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/manuscripts/HITS0001.ASP?VPath=c%21%2Finetpub%2Fwwwroot%2Fmss%2Fdata%2Fmsscat%2Fhtml%2F13144.htm&Search=Add.%2024215&Highlight=F">Archived</a> September 7, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stillman Drake, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OwOlRPbrZeQC&dq=Cremonini&pg=PA162"><i>Galileo at work : his scientific biography</i>, p. 162</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070729153959/http://net.comune.cento.fe.it/mediaguercino/centopassi/Cremonini.html">Short bio of Cremonini on the Cento site</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources say 1590, possibly a wrong inference from his tenure ending in 1590, at Ferrara.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources say until 1629, possibly because the Italian Plague of 1629–1631 perturbed or stopped lessons, but no primary source is given.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Bayle, page 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Bayle, page 224, note C</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Addington Symonds: <i>Renaissance in Italy</i>, Volume 1, 1887, footnote 11, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16504/16504-h/16504-h.htm">online version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Jeanneret: "L'Italie, ferment de liberté", in <i>Atti dei convegni lincei, La Cultura letteraria italiana e l'identità europea</i> (2001), Roma: Accad. Nazionale dei Lincei, 2002, pp.183–193 (in French) quoting René Pintard quoting Gabriel Naudé</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sophie Houdard: "De l'ennemi public aux amitiés particulières. Quelques hypothèses sur le rôle du Diable (15e-17e siècles)", in <i>Raisons politiques</i> n° 5, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2002/1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7246-2932-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-7246-2932-9">2-7246-2932-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=RAI&ID_NUMPUBLIE=RAI_005&ID_ARTICLE=RAI_005_0009">pp. 9–27 (in French) online</a> quoting René Pintard quoting Naudé</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a>: <i>Theodicy </i>, 1710, Open Court Publishing Company, Peru, Illinois: 1951 translation by E.M. Huggard, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87548-437-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87548-437-9">0-87548-437-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?pageno=47&fk_files=206453">page 81 online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">May 1611 entry in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/chron/galileo.html">online Galileo Timeline</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The table of content of this volume is disputed. Some see it as two treatises, others as three with divergences about which is the middle one. The breakdown from Léopold Mabilleau is used here.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Museum Dept. of Printed Books, Henry Ellis, Henry Hervey Baber: <i>Librorum impressorum qui in Museo britannico adservantur catalogus</i>, II. pars I. C, 1814, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sAMSAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA187-PA1">article "Cremoninus, Cæsar" online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Léopold Mabilleau, page 70 and note page 76 (reused identically in J.-Roger Charbonnel) who conflates the <i>Digressionem</i> paper and the text added to the 1634 reprint. Mabilleau says "1624" but it looks like a typo for the 1634 edition.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Dictionaries and encyclopedias</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wuM8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA322">"Crémonin, César"</a>. In: <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_historique_et_critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionnaire historique et critique">Dictionnaire historique et critique</a></i>, vol. 5, 1820, pp. 320–323</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gorton_(writer)" title="John Gorton (writer)">John Gorton</a>: <i>A General Biographical Dictionary</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Bohn" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry G. Bohn">Henry G. Bohn</a>, 1828, new edition 1851, page 146, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXPsIUpAMqIC&pg=RA38-PA146">article "Cremonini, Cæsar" online</a></li> <li>Adolphe Franck: <i>Dictionnaire des sciences philosophiques</i>, volume 1, Paris: Hachette, 1844, pp. 598–599, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9TUMAAAAIAAJ">article "Crémonini, César" (in French) online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Hoefer" title="Ferdinand Hoefer">Ferdinand Hoefer</a> : <i>Nouvelle biographie générale</i>, volume XII, Paris: <a href="/wiki/Firmin-Didot" class="mw-redirect" title="Firmin-Didot">Firmin-Didot</a>, 1855, second edition 1857, pp. 416–419, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JkwFWEajL6IC&pg=RA43-PA415">article "Cremonini, César" (in French) online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Larousse" title="Pierre Larousse">Pierre Larousse</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_dictionnaire_universel_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle">Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle</a></i>, volume 5, Paris: 1869, page 489, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2053572/f493.pagination">article "Crémonini, César" (in French) online</a> (PDF or TIFF plugin required)</li> <li>Marie-Nicolas Bouillet, Alexis Chassang (ed.): <i>Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie</i>, 26th edition, Paris: Hachette, 1878, page 474, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4849m/f482.pagination">article "Cremonini, César" (in French) online</a> (PDF or TIFF plugin required)</li> <li>Werner Ziegenfuss: <i>Philosophen-lexikon: Handwörterbuch der Philosophie nach Personen</i>, Walter de Gruyter, 1950, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-002896-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-002896-4">3-11-002896-4</a>, page 208, article "Cremoninus, Caesar (Cesare Cremonini)"</li> <li>Various: <i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i>, CD-ROM edition: 1996, article "Cremonini, C." (in French)</li> <li>Herbert Jaumann: <i>Handbuch Gelehrtenkultur der Frühen Neuzeit</i>, Walter de Gruyter, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-016069-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-016069-2">3-11-016069-2</a>, page 203, article "Cremonini, Cesare"</li> <li>Filosofico.net: <i>Indice alfabetico dei filosofi</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filosofico.net/cremonino.htm">article "Cesare Cremonino" (in Italian) online</a> : picture and profile</li> <li>Philosophy Institute at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_D%C3%BCsseldorf" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Düsseldorf">University of Düsseldorf</a>: <i>Philosophengalerie</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/galerie/neuzeit/cremon.htm">article "Caesar Cremoninus (Cesare Cremonini)" (in German) online</a> : another picture, bibliography, literature</li></ul> <dl><dt>Philosophy</dt></dl> <ul><li>Léopold Mabilleau: <i>Étude historique sur la philosophie de la Renaissance en Italie</i>, Paris: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publisher)">Hachette</a>, 1881</li> <li>J.-Roger Charbonnel: <i>La pensée italienne au XVIe siècle et le courant libertin</i>, Paris: Champion, 1919</li> <li>David Wootton: "Unbelief in Early Modern Europe", <i><a href="/wiki/History_Workshop_Journal" title="History Workshop Journal">History Workshop Journal</a></i>, No. 20, 1985, pages 83–101 : Averroes, Pomponazzi, Cremonini</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cremonini and Galileo</dt></dl> <ul><li>Evan R. Soulé, Jr.: "The Energy Machine of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Newman_(inventor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Newman (inventor)">Joseph Newman</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Discover_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Discover Magazine">Discover Magazine</a></i>, May 1987, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/biz/Newman/section1.html">online version</a> : telescope incident account</li> <li>Thomas Lessl: "The Galileo Legend", <i>New Oxford Review</i>, June 2000, pp. 27–33, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/apologetics/ap0138.html">online at CatholicEducation.org</a> : telescope incident note</li> <li>Paul Newall: "The Galileo Affair", 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43820">online at Galilean-Library.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228055057/http://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43820">Archived</a> 2010-02-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> : telescope incident note (with typo "Cremoni")</li> <li>W.R. Laird: "Venetischer Aristotelismus im Ende der aristotelischen Welt: Aspekte der Welt und des Denkens des Cesare Cremonini (1550–1631)(Review)" in Renaissance Quarterly, 1999, online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00098RJHU">excerpt at Amazon.com</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3394/is_199903/ai_n13131035">excerpt at FindArticles.com</a></li> <li>Stephen Mason: "Galileo's Scientific Discoveries, Cosmological Confrontations, and the Aftermath", in <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Science">History of Science</a></i>, volume 40, December 2002, pp. 382–383 (article pp. 6–7), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925013241/http://www.shpltd.co.uk/Mason.pdf">PDF version online</a> : salary, advices to Galileo</li> <li>Galileo Galilei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Frova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Frova (page does not exist)">Andrea Frova</a>, Mariapiera Marenzana: <i>Thus Spoke Galileo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2006 (translated from a 1998 book), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-856625-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-856625-5">0-19-856625-5</a>, page 9 : Inquisition</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)">Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027094446/http://geocities.com/cnalin21205/filosofiitaliani/cecrem.htm">Cesare Cremonino site</a> (in Italian) including detailed biography, bibliography, literature.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/php/Kuhn/ePub/CrVoltiRel.htm">Heinrich C. Kuhn: <i>Cesare Cremonini: volti e maschere di un filosofo scomodo per tre secoli e mezzo</i></a> (in Italian) 1999 conference about "the masks of Cremonini: Blind Man, Libertine Atheist, Rational Rigorist, and more"</li></ul> <dl><dt>Texts of Cremonini</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=176376"><i>Explanatio prooemii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu</i></a> (in Latin). Pavia: Melchiorre Novello. 1596.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explanatio+prooemii+librorum+Aristotelis+De+physico+auditu&rft.place=Pavia&rft.pub=Melchiorre+Novello&rft.date=1596&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D176376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACesare+Cremonini+%28philosopher%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=150074"><i>Disputatio de coelo</i></a> (in Latin). Venezia: Tommaso Baglioni. 1613.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disputatio+de+coelo&rft.place=Venezia&rft.pub=Tommaso+Baglioni&rft.date=1613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D150074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACesare+Cremonini+%28philosopher%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libcoll.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/libview?url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/3NQW4SAP/index.meta&pn=2&mode=texttool">Cæsar Cremoninus – <i>Disputatio de cœlo</i> (1613)</a>, online scans (Javascript required)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=inauthor%3A%22Cesare+Cremonini%22&btnG=Chercher+des+livres&tbm=bks&tbo=1&gws_rd=ssl#q=inauthor:%22Cesare+Cremonini%22&tbm=bks&tbs=bkv:r">Free books by Cremonini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>)</li></ul> 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100191791">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/167055/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt3TYwcVBqtfYTwMBTCQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119323265">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85233191">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130142814">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb130142814">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cremonini, Cesare <1550-1631>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV268612">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002161364&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4793362">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1350255">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p148260373">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000375490&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=247345">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810593682305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/76126">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007448708805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="CREMONINI, Cesare"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/cesare-cremonini_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119323265.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119323265">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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