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electrodes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: electrodes"> <meta name="keywords" content="electrodes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="electrodes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 463</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: electrodes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> Nanostructured Fluorine Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolisys Technique: Effect of Starting Solution Composition and Substrate Temperature on the Physical Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmeralda%20Ch%C3%A1vez%20Vargas">Esmeralda Chávez Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20de%20la%20L.%20Olvera"> M. de la L. Olvera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Maldonado"> A. Maldonado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The doping it is believed as follows, at high concentration fluorine in ZnO: F films is incorporated to the lattice by substitution of O-2 ions by F-1 ions; at middle fluorine concentrations, F ions may form interstitials, whereas for low concentrations it is increased the carriers and mobility could be explained by the surface passivation effect of fluorine. ZnO:F thin films were deposited on sodocalcic glass substratesat 425 °C , 450°C, 475 during 8, 12, 15 min from a 0.2 M solution. Doping concentration in the starting solutions was varied, namely, [F]/[F+Zn] = 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 at. %; solvent composition was varied as well, 100:100; 50:50; 100:50(acetic acid: water: methanol ratios, in volume). In this work it is reported the characterization results of fluorine doped zinc oxide (ZnO:F) thin films deposited by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, using zinc acetate and ammonium fluorine as Zn an F precursors, respectively. The effect of varying the fluorine concentration in the starting solutions, the solvent composition, and the ageing time of the starting solutions, on the electrical resistivity, optical transmittance, structure and surface morphology was analyzed. In order to have a quantitative evaluation of the ZnO:F thin films for its application as transparent electrodes, the Figure of Merit was estimated from the Haacke´s formula. After a thoroughly study, it can be found that optimal conditions for the deposition of transparent and conductive ZnO:F thin films on sodocalcic substrates, were as follows; substrate temperature: solution molar concentration 0.2, doping concentration in the starting solution of [F]/[Zn]= 60 at. %, (water content)/(acetic acid) in starting solution: [H2O/ CH3OH]= 50:50, substrate temperature: 450 °C. The effects of aging of the starting solution has also been analyzed thoroughly and it has been found a dramatic effect on the electric resistivity of the material, aged by 40 days, show an electrical resitivity as low as 120 Ω/□, with a transmittance around 80% in the visible range. X-ray diffraction spectra show a polycrystalline of ZnO (wurtzite structure) where the amount of fluorine doping affects to preferential orientation (002 plane). Therefore, F introduction in lattice is by the substitution of O-2 ions by F-1 ions. The results show that ZnO:F thin films are potentially adequate for application as transparent conductive oxide in thin film solar cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCOs" title="TCOs">TCOs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent%20electrodes" title=" transparent electrodes"> transparent electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20spray%20pyrolysis" title=" ultrasonic spray pyrolysis"> ultrasonic spray pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%3AF" title=" ZnO:F"> ZnO:F</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26273/nanostructured-fluorine-doped-zinc-oxide-thin-films-deposited-by-ultrasonic-spray-pyrolisys-technique-effect-of-starting-solution-composition-and-substrate-temperature-on-the-physical-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> Simultaneous Detection of Cd⁺², Fe⁺², Co⁺², and Pb⁺² Heavy Metal Ions by Stripping Voltammetry Using Polyvinyl Chloride Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sai%20Snehitha%20Yadavalli">Sai Snehitha Yadavalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sruthi"> K. Sruthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Ghosh%20Acharyya"> Swati Ghosh Acharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal ions are toxic to humans and all living species when exposed in large quantities or for long durations. Though Fe acts as a nutrient, when intake is in large quantities, it becomes toxic. These toxic heavy metal ions, when consumed through water, will cause many disorders and are harmful to all flora and fauna through biomagnification. Specifically, humans are prone to innumerable diseases ranging from skin to gastrointestinal, neurological, etc. In higher quantities, they even cause cancer in humans. Detection of these toxic heavy metal ions in water is thus important. Traditionally, the detection of heavy metal ions in water has been done by techniques like Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Though these methods offer accurate quantitative analysis, they require expensive equipment and cannot be used for on-site measurements. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry is a good alternative as the equipment is affordable, and measurements can be made at the river basins or lakes. In the current study, Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV) was used to detect the heavy metal ions in water. Literature reports various electrodes on which deposition of heavy metal ions was carried out like Bismuth, Polymers, etc. The working electrode used in this study is a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Ag/AgCl reference electrode and Platinum counter electrode were used. Biologic Potentiostat SP 300 was used for conducting the experiments. Through this work of simultaneous detection, four heavy metal ions were successfully detected at a time. The influence of modifying GCE with PVC was studied in comparison with unmodified GCE. The simultaneous detection of Cd⁺², Fe⁺², Co⁺², Pb⁺² heavy metal ions was done using PVC modified GCE by drop casting 1 wt.% of PVC dissolved in Tetra Hydro Furan (THF) solvent onto GCE. The concentration of all heavy metal ions was 0.2 mg/L, as shown in the figure. The scan rate was 0.1 V/s. Detection parameters like pH, scan rate, temperature, time of deposition, etc., were optimized. It was clearly understood that PVC helped in increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of detection as the current values are higher for PVC-modified GCE compared to unmodified GCE. The peaks were well defined when PVC-modified GCE was used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title=" cobalt"> cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20sensing" title=" electrochemical sensing"> electrochemical sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glassy%20carbon%20electrodes" title=" glassy carbon electrodes"> glassy carbon electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20Ions" title=" heavy metal Ions"> heavy metal Ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iron" title=" Iron"> Iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20chloride" title=" polyvinyl chloride"> polyvinyl chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiostat" title=" potentiostat"> potentiostat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20wave%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" square wave anodic stripping voltammetry"> square wave anodic stripping voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146822/simultaneous-detection-of-cd2-fe2-co2-and-pb2-heavy-metal-ions-by-stripping-voltammetry-using-polyvinyl-chloride-modified-glassy-carbon-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> Plasma Arc Burner for Pulverized Coal Combustion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gela%20Gelashvili">Gela Gelashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Gelenidze"> David Gelenidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulkhan%20Nanobashvili"> Sulkhan Nanobashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irakli%20Nanobashvili"> Irakli Nanobashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Tavkhelidze"> George Tavkhelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsiuri%20Sitchinava"> Tsiuri Sitchinava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of new highly efficient plasma arc combustion system of pulverized coal is presented. As it is well-known, coal is one of the main energy carriers by means of which electric and heat energy is produced in thermal power stations. The quality of the extracted coal decreases very rapidly. Therefore, the difficulties associated with its firing and complete combustion arise and thermo-chemical preparation of pulverized coal becomes necessary. Usually, other organic fuels (mazut-fuel oil or natural gas) are added to low-quality coal for this purpose. The fraction of additional organic fuels varies within 35-40% range. This decreases dramatically the economic efficiency of such systems. At the same time, emission of noxious substances in the environment increases. Because of all these, intense development of plasma combustion systems of pulverized coal takes place in whole world. These systems are equipped with Non-Transferred Plasma Arc Torches. They allow practically complete combustion of pulverized coal (without organic additives) in boilers, increase of energetic and financial efficiency. At the same time, emission of noxious substances in the environment decreases dramatically. But, the non-transferred plasma torches have numerous drawbacks, e.g. complicated construction, low service life (especially in the case of high power), instability of plasma arc and most important – up to 30% of energy loss due to anode cooling. Due to these reasons, intense development of new plasma technologies that are free from these shortcomings takes place. In our proposed system, pulverized coal-air mixture passes through plasma arc area that burns between to carbon electrodes directly in pulverized coal muffler burner. Consumption of the carbon electrodes is low and does not need a cooling system, but the main advantage of this method is that radiation of plasma arc directly impacts on coal-air mixture that accelerates the process of thermo-chemical preparation of coal to burn. To ensure the stability of the plasma arc in such difficult conditions, we have developed a power source that provides fixed current during fluctuations in the arc resistance automatically compensated by the voltage change as well as regulation of plasma arc length over a wide range. Our combustion system where plasma arc acts directly on pulverized coal-air mixture is simple. This should allow a significant improvement of pulverized coal combustion (especially low-quality coal) and its economic efficiency. Preliminary experiments demonstrated the successful functioning of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20combustion" title="coal combustion">coal combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20arc" title=" plasma arc"> plasma arc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20torches" title=" plasma torches"> plasma torches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulverized%20coal" title=" pulverized coal"> pulverized coal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88978/plasma-arc-burner-for-pulverized-coal-combustion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> Investigation of NiO/V₂O₅ Powder Composite as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katia%20Ayouz-Chebout">Katia Ayouz-Chebout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Boudeffar"> Fatima Boudeffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Ayat"> Maha Ayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malika%20Berouaken"> Malika Berouaken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chafiaa%20Yaddaden"> Chafiaa Yaddaden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saloua%20Merazga"> Saloua Merazga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouredine%20Gabouze"> Nouredine Gabouze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transition metal oxide composites have been widely reported in energy storage and conversion systems. In this regard, an attempt has been made to synthesize NiO@V₂O₅ nanocomposite. The structures and morphology of synthesized powder are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR). The electrochemical properties and performances as cathode electrodes based on active material NiO@V₂O₅ were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), between potential bias [0.01V to 3V], with scanning speed of 0,1mVs⁻¹, the galvanostatic charge/discharge (CDG) for 100 cycles was also measured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20nanobelts" title="composite nanobelts">composite nanobelts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium%20pentoxide" title=" vanadium pentoxide"> vanadium pentoxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20oxide" title=" nickel oxide"> nickel oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20batteries" title=" Li-ion batteries"> Li-ion batteries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192131/investigation-of-niov2o5-powder-composite-as-cathode-material-for-lithium-ion-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">309</span> Investigation of Operational Conditions for Treatment of Industrial Wastewater Contaminated with Pesticides Using Electro-Fenton Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Gar%20Alalm">Mohamed Gar Alalm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate various operating conditions that affect the performance of the electro-Fenton process for degradation of pesticides. Stainless steel electrodes were utilized in the electro-Fenton cell due to their relatively low cost. The favored conditions of current intensity, pH, iron loading, and pesticide concentration were deeply discussed. Complete removal of pesticide was attained at the optimum conditions. The degradation kinetics were described by pseudo- first-order pattern. In addition, a response surface model was developed to describe the performance of electro-Fenton process under different operational conditions. The model indicated that the coefficient of determination was (R² = 0.995). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-Fenton" title="electro-Fenton">electro-Fenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide" title=" pesticide"> pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96760/investigation-of-operational-conditions-for-treatment-of-industrial-wastewater-contaminated-with-pesticides-using-electro-fenton-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">308</span> Li2S Nanoparticles Impact on the First Charge of Li-ion/Sulfur Batteries: An Operando XAS/XES Coupled With XRD Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Robba">Alice Robba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renaud%20Bouchet"> Renaud Bouchet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celine%20Barchasz"> Celine Barchasz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Francois%20Colin"> Jean-Francois Colin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erik%20Elkaim"> Erik Elkaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Kvashnina"> Kristina Kvashnina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gavin%20Vaughan"> Gavin Vaughan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matjaz%20Kavcic"> Matjaz Kavcic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fannie%20Alloin"> Fannie Alloin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With their high theoretical energy density (~2600 Wh.kg-1), lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries are highly promising, but these systems are still poorly understood due to the complex mechanisms/equilibria involved. Replacing S8 by Li2S as the active material allows the use of safer negative electrodes, like silicon, instead of lithium metal. S8 and Li2S have different conductivity and solubility properties, resulting in a profoundly changed activation process during the first cycle. Particularly, during the first charge a high polarization and a lack of reproducibility between tests are observed. Differences observed between raw Li2S material (micron-sized) and that electrochemically produced in a battery (nano-sized) may indicate that the electrochemical process depends on the particle size. Then the major focus of the presented work is to deepen the understanding of the Li2S material charge mechanism, and more precisely to characterize the effect of the initial Li2S particle size both on the mechanism and the electrode preparation process. To do so, Li2S nanoparticles were synthetized according to two ways: a liquid path synthesis and a dissolution in ethanol, allowing Li2S nanoparticles/carbon composites to be made. Preliminary chemical and electrochemical tests show that starting with Li2S nanoparticles could effectively suppress the high initial polarization but also influence the electrode slurry preparation. Indeed, it has been shown that classical formulation process - a slurry composed of Polyvinylidone Fluoride polymer dissolved in N-methyle-2-pyrrolidone - cannot be used with Li2S nanoparticles. This reveals a complete different Li2S material behavior regarding polymers and organic solvents when going at the nanometric scale. Then the coupling between two operando characterizations such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy (XAS/XES) have been carried out in order to interpret the poorly understood first charge. This study discloses that initial particle size of the active material has a great impact on the working mechanism and particularly on the different equilibria involved during the first charge of the Li2S based Li-ion batteries. These results explain the electrochemical differences and particularly the polarization differences observed during the first charge between micrometric and nanometric Li2S-based electrodes. Finally, this work could lead to a better active material design and so to more efficient Li2S-based batteries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%2FSulfur%20batteries" title="Li-ion/Sulfur batteries">Li-ion/Sulfur batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li2S%20nanoparticles%20effect" title=" Li2S nanoparticles effect"> Li2S nanoparticles effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Operando%20characterizations" title=" Operando characterizations"> Operando characterizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20mechanism" title=" working mechanism"> working mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57906/li2s-nanoparticles-impact-on-the-first-charge-of-li-ionsulfur-batteries-an-operando-xasxes-coupled-with-xrd-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> Study of the Kinetic of the Reduction of Alpha and Beta PbO2 in H2SO4 on the Microcavity Electrode </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Chahmana">N. Chahmana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Zerroual"> I. Zerroual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of our work is the contribution to the improvement of the performances of the positive plate of the lead acid battery. For that, we synthesized two varieties of PbO2 used in industry, alpha and beta PbO2 by electrochemical way starting from the not formed industrial plates. We studied the kinetics of reduction of the alpha varieties and PbO2 beta on electrode with microcavity in sulphuric medium. The electrochemical study of the powders of α and β-PbO2 was made by cyclic voltamperometry with sweeping of potential by using a traditional assembly with three electrodes. Values of the coefficient of diffusion of the proton in α and β-PbO2 are respectively equal to 0.498*10-8cm2 /s and 0.793*10-8 cm2 /s. During the cycling of the two varieties of PbO2, we obtain a clear increase in the capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20accumulator" title="lead accumulator">lead accumulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1%20and%20%CE%B2%20-%20PbO2" title=" α and β - PbO2"> α and β - PbO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltametry" title=" cyclic voltametry"> cyclic voltametry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20diffusion" title=" coefficient of diffusion"> coefficient of diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22434/study-of-the-kinetic-of-the-reduction-of-alpha-and-beta-pbo2-in-h2so4-on-the-microcavity-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> Luminescent Dye-Doped Polymer Nanofibers Produced by Electrospinning Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Enculescu">Monica Enculescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Evanghelidis"> A. Evanghelidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Enculescu"> I. Enculescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the numerous methods for obtaining polymer nanofibers, the electrospinning technique distinguishes itself due to the more growing interest induced by its proved utility leading to developing and improving of the method and the appearance of novel materials. In particular, production of polymeric nanofibers in which different dopants are introduced was intensively studied in the last years because of the increased interest for the obtaining of functional electrospun nanofibers. Electrospinning is a facile method of obtaining polymer nanofibers with diameters from tens of nanometers to micrometrical sizes that are cheap, flexible, scalable, functional and biocompatible. Besides the multiple applications in medicine, polymeric nanofibers obtained by electrospinning permit manipulation of light at nanometric dimensions when doped with organic dyes or different nanoparticles. It is a simple technique that uses an electrical field to draw fine polymer nanofibers from solutions and does not require complicated devices or high temperatures. Different morphologies of the electrospun nanofibers can be obtained for the same polymeric host when different parameters of the electrospinning process are used. Consequently, we can obtain tuneable optical properties of the electrospun nanofibers (e.g. changing the wavelength of the emission peak) by varying the parameters of the fabrication method. We focus on obtaining doped polymer nanofibers with enhanced optical properties using the electrospinning technique. The aim of the paper is to produce dye-doped polymer nanofibers’ mats incorporating uniformly dispersed dyes. Transmission and fluorescence of the fibers will be evaluated by spectroscopy methods. The morphological properties of the electrospun dye-doped polymer fibers will be evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We will tailor the luminescent properties of the material by doping the polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone or polymethylmetacrilate) with different dyes (coumarins, rhodamines and sulforhodamines). The tailoring will be made taking into consideration the possibility of changing the luminescent properties of electrospun polymeric nanofibers that are doped with different dyes by using different parameters for the electrospinning technique (electric voltage, distance between electrodes, flow rate of the solution, etc.). Furthermore, we can evaluated the influence of the concentration of the dyes on the emissive properties of dye-doped polymer nanofibers using different concentrations. The advantages offered by the electrospinning technique when producing polymeric fibers are given by the simplicity of the method, the tunability of the morphology allowed by the possibility of controlling all the process parameters (temperature, viscosity of polymeric solution, applied voltage, distance between electrodes, etc.), and by the absence of necessity of using harsh and supplementary chemicals such as the ones used in the traditional nanofabrication techniques. Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the financial support received through IFA CEA Project No. C5-08/2016. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminescence" title=" luminescence"> luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20nanofibers" title=" polymer nanofibers"> polymer nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77211/luminescent-dye-doped-polymer-nanofibers-produced-by-electrospinning-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Detergent Removal from Rinsing Water by Peroxi Electrocoagulation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benhadji">A. Benhadji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Taleb%20Ahmed"> M. Taleb Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the various methods of treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are the most promising ones. In this study, Peroxi Electrocoagulation Process (PEP) was investigated for the treatment of detergent wastewater. The process was compared with electrooxidation treatment. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) was high 7584 mgO<sub>2</sub>.L<sup>-1</sup>, while the biochemical oxygen demand was low (250 mgO<sub>2</sub>.L<sup>-1</sup>). This wastewater was hardly biodegradable. Electrochemical process was carried out for the removal of detergent using a glass reactor with a volume of 1 L and fitted with three electrodes. A direct current (DC) supply was used. Samples were taken at various current density (0.0227 A/cm<sup>2</sup> to 0.0378 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) and reaction time (1-2-3-4 and 5 hour). Finally, the COD was determined. The results indicated that COD removal efficiency of PEP was observed to increase with current intensity and reached to 77% after 5 h. The highest removal efficiency was observed after 5 h of treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AOP" title="AOP">AOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD" title=" COD"> COD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detergent" title=" detergent"> detergent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEP" title=" PEP"> PEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater "> wastewater </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111520/detergent-removal-from-rinsing-water-by-peroxi-electrocoagulation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Electrochemical Synthesis and Morphostructural Study of the Cuprite Thin Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Hajji">M. El Hajji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hallaoui"> A. Hallaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bazzi"> L. Bazzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benlhachemi"> A. Benlhachemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lh.%20Bazzi"> Lh. Bazzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hilali"> M. Hilali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Jbara"> O. Jbara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tara"> A. Tara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bakiz"> B. Bakiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cathodic electro deposition of the cuprite Cu2O by chrono potentiometry is performed on two types of electrodes "titanium and stainless steel", in a basic medium containing the precursor of copper. The plot produced vs SCE, shows the formation of a brown layer on the electrode surface. The chrono potentiometric recording made between - 0.2 and - 1 mA/cm2, has allowed us to have a deposit having different morphologies and structural orientation obtained as a function of the variation of many parameters. The morphology, the size of crystals, and the phase of the deposits produced were studied by conventional techniques of analysis of the solid, particularly the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) and quantitative chemical analysis (EDS). The results will be presented and discussed, they show that the majority of deposits are pure and uniform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathodic%20electrodeposition" title="cathodic electrodeposition">cathodic electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuprite%20Cu2O" title=" cuprite Cu2O"> cuprite Cu2O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDS%20analysis" title=" EDS analysis"> EDS analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17659/electrochemical-synthesis-and-morphostructural-study-of-the-cuprite-thin-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> The Treatment of Nitrate Polluted Groundwater Using Bio-electrochemical Systems Inoculated with Local Groundwater Sediments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danish%20Laidin">Danish Laidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Gostomski"> Peter Gostomski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Marshall"> Aaron Marshall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20Carere"> Carlo Carere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater contamination of nitrate (NO3-) is becoming more prevalent in regions of intensive and extensive agricultural activities. Household nitrate removal involves using ion exchange membranes and reverse osmosis (RO) systems, whereas industrial nitrate removal may use organic carbon substrates (e.g. methanol) for heterotrophic microbial denitrification. However, these approaches both require high capital investment and operating costs. In this study, denitrification was demonstrated using bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) inoculated from sediments and microbial enrichment cultures. The BES reactors were operated continuously as microbial electrolytic cells (MECs) with a poised potential of -0.7V and -1.1V vs Ag/AgCl. Three parallel MECs were inoculated using hydrogen-driven denitrifying enrichments, stream sediments, and biofilm harvested from a denitrifying biotrickling filter, respectively. These reactors were continuously operated for over a year as various operating conditions were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for electroactive denitrification. The mass loading rate of nitrate was varied between 10 – 70 mg NO3-/d, and the maximum observed nitrate removal rate was 22 mg NO3- /(cm2∙d) with a current of 2.1 mA. For volumetric load experiments, the dilution rate of 1 mM NO3- feed was varied between 0.01 – 0.1 hr-1 to achieve a nitrate loading rate similar to the mass loading rate experiments. Under these conditions, the maximum rate of denitrification observed was 15.8 mg NO3- /(cm2∙d) with a current of 1.7mA. Hydrogen (H2) was supplied intermittently to investigate the hydrogenotrophic potential of the denitrifying biofilm electrodes. H2 supplementation at 0.1 mL/min resulted in an increase of nitrate removal from 0.3 mg NO3- /(cm2∙d) to 3.4 mg NO3- /(cm2∙d) in the hydrogenotrophically subcultured reactor but had no impact on the reactors which exhibited direct electron transfer properties. Results from this study depict the denitrification performance of the immobilized biofilm electrodes, either by direct electron transfer or hydrogen-driven denitrification, and the contribution of the planktonic cells present in the growth medium. Other results will include the microbial community analysis via 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing, varying the effect of poising cathodic potential from 0.7V to 1.3V vs Ag/AgCl, investigating the potential of using in-situ electrochemically produced hydrogen for autotrophic denitrification and adjusting the conductivity of the feed solution to mimic groundwater conditions. These findings highlight the overall performance of sediment inoculated MECs in removing nitrate and will be used for the future development of sustainable solutions for the treatment of nitrate polluted groundwater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-electrochemical%20systems" title="bio-electrochemical systems">bio-electrochemical systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroactive%20denitrification" title=" electroactive denitrification"> electroactive denitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20electrolytic%20cell" title=" microbial electrolytic cell"> microbial electrolytic cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169597/the-treatment-of-nitrate-polluted-groundwater-using-bio-electrochemical-systems-inoculated-with-local-groundwater-sediments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Investigation of the Effect of Nickel Electrodes as a Stainless Steel Buffer Layer on the Shielded Metal Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meisam%20Akbari">Meisam Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hossein%20Elahi"> Seyed Hossein Elahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mashadgarmeh"> Mohammad Mashadgarmeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of nickel-electrode as a stainless steel buffer layer is considered. Then, the effect of dilution of the last layer of welding on two samples of steel plate A516 Gr70 (C-Mn-Si) with SMAW welding process was investigated. Then, in a sample, the ENI-cl nickel electrode was welded as the buffer layer and the E316L-16 electrode as the last layer of welding and another sample with an E316L-16 electrode in two layers. The chemical composition of the latter layer was determined by spectrophotometry method. The results indicate that the chemical composition of the latter layer is different and the lowest dilution rate is obtained using the nickel electrode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20dilution" title="degree of dilution">degree of dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-Mn-Si" title=" C-Mn-Si"> C-Mn-Si</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrometry" title=" spectrometry"> spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20electrode" title=" nickel electrode"> nickel electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106351/investigation-of-the-effect-of-nickel-electrodes-as-a-stainless-steel-buffer-layer-on-the-shielded-metal-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Environmental Performance of Different Lab Scale Chromium Removal Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Cheng%20Huang">Chiao-Cheng Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Te%20Chiueh"> Pei-Te Chiueh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Hsuan%20Liou"> Ya-Hsuan Liou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chromium-contaminated wastewater from electroplating industrial activity has been a long-standing environmental issue, as it can degrade surface water quality and is harmful to soil ecosystems. The traditional method of treating chromium-contaminated wastewater has been to use chemical coagulation processes. However, this method consumes large amounts of chemicals such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate in order to remove chromium. However, a series of new methods for treating chromium-containing wastewater have been developed. This study aimed to compare the environmental impact of four different lab scale chromium removal processes: 1.) chemical coagulation process (the most common and traditional method), in which sodium metabisulfite was used as reductant, 2.) electrochemical process using two steel sheets as electrodes, 3.) reduction by iron-copper bimetallic powder, and 4.) photocatalysis process by TiO2. Each process was run in the lab, and was able to achieve 100% removal of chromium in solution. Then a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was conducted based on the experimental data obtained from four different case studies to identify the environmentally preferable alternative to treat chromium wastewater. The model used for calculating the environmental impact was TRACi, and the system scope includes the production phase and use phase of chemicals and electricity consumed by the chromium removal processes, as well as the final disposal of chromium containing sludge. The functional unit chosen in this study was the removal of 1 mg of chromium. Solution volume of each case study was adjusted to 1 L in advance and the chemicals and energy consumed were proportionally adjusted. The emissions and resources consumed were identified and characterized into 15 categories of midpoint impacts. The impact assessment results show that the human ecotoxicity category accounts for 55 % of environmental impact in Case 1, which can be attributed to the sulfuric acid used for pH adjustment. In Case 2, production of steel sheet electrodes is an energy-intensive process, thus contributed to 20 % of environmental impact. In Case 3, sodium bicarbonate is used as an anti-corrosion additive, which results mainly in 1.02E-05 Comparative Toxicity Unit (CTU) in the human toxicity category and 0.54E-05 (CTU) in acidification of air. In Case 4, electricity consumption for power supply of UV lamp gives 5.25E-05 (CTU) in human toxicity category, 1.15E-05 (kg Neq) in eutrophication. In conclusion, Case 3 and Case 4 have higher environmental impacts than Case 1 and Case 2, which can be attributed mostly to higher energy and chemical consumption, leading to high impacts in the global warming and ecotoxicity categories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title="chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lab%20scale" title=" lab scale"> lab scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50451/environmental-performance-of-different-lab-scale-chromium-removal-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Research on High Dielectric HfO₂ Stack Structure Applied to Field Effect Transistors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuan%20Yu%20Lin">Kuan Yu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih%20Chih%20Chen"> Shih Chih Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the Al/HfO₂/Si/Al structure to explore the electrical properties of the structure. This experiment uses a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system to deposit high dielectric materials on p-type silicon substrates of 1~10 Ω-cm (100). Consider the hafnium dioxide film as a dielectric layer. Post-deposition annealing at 750°C in nitrogen atmosphere. Electron beam evaporation of metallic aluminum is then used to complete the top/bottom electrodes. The metal is post-annealed at 450°C for 20 minutes in a nitrogen environment to complete the MOS component. Its dielectric constant, equivalent oxide layer thickness, oxide layer defects, and leakage current mechanism are discussed. At PDA 750°C-5s, the maximum k value was found to be 21.2, and the EOT was 3.68nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-k%20gate%20dielectrics" title="high-k gate dielectrics">high-k gate dielectrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HfO%E2%82%82" title=" HfO₂"> HfO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20deposition%20annealing" title=" post deposition annealing"> post deposition annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20magnetic" title=" RF magnetic"> RF magnetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183310/research-on-high-dielectric-hfo2-stack-structure-applied-to-field-effect-transistors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Dynamics of Light Induced Current in 1D Coupled Quantum Dots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tokuei%20Sako">Tokuei Sako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser-induced current in a quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure has been studied by a model of a few electrons confined in a 1D electrostatic potential coupled to electrodes at both ends and subjected to a pulsed laser field. The time-propagation of the one- and two-electron wave packets has been calculated by integrating the time-dependent Schrödinger equation directly by the symplectic integrator method with uniform Fourier grid. The temporal behavior of the resultant light-induced current in the studied systems has been discussed with respect to the lifetime of the quasi-bound states formed when the static bias voltage is applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20field" title="pulsed laser field">pulsed laser field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20wave%20packet" title=" electron wave packet"> electron wave packet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-dependent%20Schr%C3%B6dinger%20equation" title=" time-dependent Schrödinger equation"> time-dependent Schrödinger equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22996/dynamics-of-light-induced-current-in-1d-coupled-quantum-dots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Acceleration of Adsorption Kinetics by Coupling Alternating Current with Adsorption Process onto Several Adsorbents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kesraoui">A. Kesraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Seffen"> M. Seffen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applications of adsorption onto activated carbon for water treatment are well known. The process has been demonstrated to be widely effective for removing dissolved organic substances from wastewaters, but this treatment has a major drawback is the high operating cost. The main goal of our research work is to improve the retention capacity of Tunisian biomass for the depollution of industrial wastewater and retention of pollutants considered toxic. The biosorption process is based on the retention of molecules and ions onto a solid surface composed of biological materials. The evaluation of the potential use of these materials is important to propose as an alternative to the adsorption process generally expensive, used to remove organic compounds. Indeed, these materials are very abundant in nature and are low cost. Certainly, the biosorption process is effective to remove the pollutants, but it presents a slow kinetics. The improvement of the biosorption rates is a challenge to make this process competitive with respect to oxidation and adsorption onto lignocellulosic fibers. In this context, the alternating current appears as a new alternative, original and a very interesting phenomenon in the acceleration of chemical reactions. Our main goal is to increase the retention acceleration of dyes (indigo carmine, methylene blue) and phenol by using a new alternative: alternating current. The adsorption experiments have been performed in a batch reactor by adding some of the adsorbents in 150 mL of pollutants solution with the desired concentration and pH. The electrical part of the mounting comprises a current source which delivers an alternating current voltage of 2 to 15 V. It is connected to a voltmeter that allows us to read the voltage. In a 150 mL capacity cell, we plunged two zinc electrodes and the distance between two Zinc electrodes has been 4 cm. Thanks to alternating current, we have succeeded to improve the performance of activated carbon by increasing the speed of the indigo carmine adsorption process and reducing the treatment time. On the other hand, we have studied the influence of the alternating current on the biosorption rate of methylene blue onto Luffa cylindrica fibers and the hybrid material (Luffa cylindrica-ZnO). The results showed that the alternating current accelerated the biosorption rate of methylene blue onto the Luffa cylindrica and the Luffa cylindrica-ZnO hybrid material and increased the adsorbed amount of methylene blue on both adsorbents. In order to improve the removal of phenol, we performed the coupling between the alternating current and the biosorption onto two adsorbents: Luffa cylindrica and the hybrid material (Luffa cylindrica-ZnO). In fact, the alternating current has succeeded to improve the performance of adsorbents by increasing the speed of the adsorption process and the adsorption capacity and reduce the processing time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternating%20current" title=" alternating current"> alternating current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title=" dyes"> dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103163/acceleration-of-adsorption-kinetics-by-coupling-alternating-current-with-adsorption-process-onto-several-adsorbents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Bending Test Characteristics for Splicing of Thermoplastic Polymer Using Hot Gas Welding </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prantasi%20Harmi%20%20Tjahjanti">Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iswanto%20Iswanto"> Iswanto Iswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20%20Widodo"> Edi Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sholeh%20%20Pamuji"> Sholeh Pamuji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Materials of the thermoplastic polymer when they break is usually thrown away, or is recycled which requires a long process. The purpose of this study is to splice the broken thermoplastic polymer using hot gas welding with different variations of welding wire/electrodes. Materials of thermoplastic polymer used are Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by using welding wire like the three materials. The method is carried out by using hot gas welding; there are two materials that cannot be connected, namely PE with PVC welding wire, and PP with PVC welding wire. The permeable liquid penetrant test is PP with PE welding wire, and PVC with PE welding wire. The best bending test result with the longest elongation is PE with PE welding wire with a bending test value of 179.03 kgf/mm². The microstructure was all described in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20polymers" title="thermoplastic polymers">thermoplastic polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20%28PE%29" title=" polyethylene (PE)"> polyethylene (PE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20%28PP%29" title=" polypropylene (PP)"> polypropylene (PP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20chloride%20%28PVC%29" title=" polyvinyl chloride (PVC)"> polyvinyl chloride (PVC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding" title=" hot gas welding"> hot gas welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136833/bending-test-characteristics-for-splicing-of-thermoplastic-polymer-using-hot-gas-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Numerical Simulation of Plasma Actuator Using OpenFOAM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yazdani">H. Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ghorbanian"> K. Ghorbanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with modeling and simulation of the plasma actuator with OpenFOAM. Plasma actuator is one of the newest devices in flow control techniques which can delay separation by inducing external momentum to the boundary layer of the flow. The effects of the plasma actuators on the external flow are incorporated into Navier-Stokes computations as a body force vector which is obtained as a product of the net charge density and the electric field. In order to compute this body force vector, the model solves two equations: One for the electric field due to the applied AC voltage at the electrodes and the other for the charge density representing the ionized air. The simulation result is compared to the experimental and typical values which confirms the validity of the modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20flow%20control" title="active flow control">active flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow-field" title=" flow-field"> flow-field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenFOAM" title=" OpenFOAM"> OpenFOAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20actuator" title=" plasma actuator"> plasma actuator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55466/numerical-simulation-of-plasma-actuator-using-openfoam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> An Ergonomic Handle Design for Instruments in Laparoscopic Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramon%20Sancibrian">Ramon Sancibrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Redondo-Figuero"> Carlos Redondo-Figuero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20C.%20Gutierrez-Diez"> Maria C. Gutierrez-Diez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20G.%20Sarabia"> Esther G. Sarabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20A.%20Benito-Gonzalez"> Maria A. Benito-Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20C.%20Manuel-Palazuelos"> Jose C. Manuel-Palazuelos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the design and evaluation of a handle for laparoscopic surgery is presented. The design of the handle is based on ergonomic principles and tries to avoid awkward postures for surgeons. The handle combines the so-called power-grip and accurate-grip in order to provide strength and accuracy in the performance of surgery. The handle is tested using both objective and subjective approaches. The objective approach uses motion capture techniques to obtain the angles of forearm, arm, wrist and hand. The muscular effort is obtained with electromyography electrodes. On the other hand, a subjective survey has been carried out using questionnaires. Results confirm that the handle is preferred by the majority of the surgeons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laparoscopic%20surgery" title="laparoscopic surgery">laparoscopic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20design" title=" mechanical design"> mechanical design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title=" biomechanics"> biomechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41496/an-ergonomic-handle-design-for-instruments-in-laparoscopic-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Advanced Humidity Sensors Using Cobalt and Iron-Doped ZnO-rGO Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wallia%20Majeed">Wallia Majeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Humidity sensors based on doped ZnO-rGO composites have shown promise due to their sensitivity to humidity changes. Here, it report on the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO-rGO and doped ZnO-rGO nanocomposites, incorporating cobalt and iron dopants at 2% concentration. X-ray diffraction confirmed successful doping, while scanning electron microscopy revealed the composite's layered structure with embedded ZnO rods. To evaluate their performance, humidity sensors were fabricated by depositing aluminum electrodes on silicon substrates coated with the composites. The Fe-doped ZnO-rGO sensor exhibited rapid response (27 s) and recovery times (24 s) across a wide humidity range (11% to 97% RH), surpassing ZnO-rGO and Co-doped ZnO-rGO variants in sensitivity (2.2k at 100 Hz). These findings highlight Fe-doped ZnO-rGO composites as ideal candidates for humidity sensing applications, offering enhanced performance crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity%20sensors" title="humidity sensors">humidity sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title=" hydrothermal synthesis"> hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187356/advanced-humidity-sensors-using-cobalt-and-iron-doped-zno-rgo-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Implementation of a Web-Based Wireless ECG Measuring and Recording System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onder%20Yakut">Onder Yakut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serdar%20Solak"> Serdar Solak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Dogru%20Bolat"> Emine Dogru Bolat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an essential process for the diagnosis of the heart diseases. The ECG signal has the information of the degree of how much the heart performs its functions. In medical diagnosis and treatment systems, Decision Support Systems processing the ECG signal are being developed for the use of clinicians while medical examination. In this study, a modular wireless ECG (WECG) measuring and recording system using a single board computer and e-Health sensor platform is developed. In this designed modular system, after the ECG signal is taken from the body surface by the electrodes first, it is filtered and converted to digital form. Then, it is recorded to the health database using Wi-Fi communication technology. The real time access of the ECG data is provided through the internet utilizing the developed web interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title="ECG">ECG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-health%20sensor%20shield" title=" e-health sensor shield"> e-health sensor shield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raspberry%20Pi" title=" Raspberry Pi"> Raspberry Pi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wiFi%20technology" title=" wiFi technology"> wiFi technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35188/implementation-of-a-web-based-wireless-ecg-measuring-and-recording-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> An Automated Sensor System for Cochlear Implants Electrode Array Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Hou">Lei Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinli%20Du"> Xinli Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Boulgouris"> Nikolaos Boulgouris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cochlear implant, referred to as a CI, is a small electronic device that can provide direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. During cochlear implant surgery, atraumatic electrode array insertion is considered to be a crucial step. However, during implantation, the mechanical behaviour of an electrode array inside the cochlea is not known. The behaviour of an electrode array inside of the cochlea is hardly identified by regular methods. In this study, a CI electrode array capacitive sensor system is proposed. It is able to automatically determine the array state as a result of the capacitance variations. Instead of applying sensors to the electrode array, the capacitance information from the electrodes will be gathered and analysed. Results reveal that this sensing method is capable of recognising different states when fed into a pre-shaped model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implant" title="cochlear implant">cochlear implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20preservation" title=" hearing preservation"> hearing preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insertion%20force" title=" insertion force"> insertion force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20sensing" title=" capacitive sensing"> capacitive sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147/an-automated-sensor-system-for-cochlear-implants-electrode-array-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Flow Measurement Using Magnetic Meters in Large Underground Cooling Water Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humanyun%20Zahir">Humanyun Zahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irtsam%20Ghazi"> Irtsam Ghazi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This report outlines the basic installation and operation of magnetic inductive flow velocity sensors on large underground cooling water pipelines. Research on the effects of cathodic protection as well as into other factors that might influence the overall performance of the meter are presented in this paper. The experiments were carried out on an immersion type magnetic meter specially used for flow measurement of cooling water pipeline. An attempt has been made in this paper to outline guidelines that can ensure accurate measurement related to immersion type magnetic meters on underground pipelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20induction" title="magnetic induction">magnetic induction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20meter" title=" flow meter"> flow meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraday%27s%20law" title=" Faraday's law"> Faraday's law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immersion" title=" immersion"> immersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathodic%20protection" title=" cathodic protection"> cathodic protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anode" title=" anode"> anode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode" title=" cathode"> cathode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flange" title=" flange"> flange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding" title=" grounding"> grounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20information%20management%20system" title=" plant information management system"> plant information management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodes" title=" electrodes"> electrodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23671/flow-measurement-using-magnetic-meters-in-large-underground-cooling-water-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Generating a Multiplex Sensing Platform for the Accurate Diagnosis of Sepsis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Demertzis">N. Demertzis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Bowen"> J. L. Bowen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sepsis is a complex and rapidly evolving condition, resulting from uncontrolled prolonged activation of host immune system due to pathogenic insult. The aim of this study is the development of a multiplex electrochemical sensing platform, capable of detecting both pathogen associated and host immune markers to enable the rapid and definitive diagnosis of sepsis. A combination of aptamers and molecular imprinting approaches have been employed to generate sensing systems for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), c-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). Gold working electrodes were mechanically polished and electrochemically cleaned with 0.1 M sulphuric acid using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Following activation, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was generated, by incubating the electrodes with a thiolated anti-LPS aptamer / dithiodibutiric acid (DTBA) mixture (1:20). 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) in combination with the anti-LPS aptamer was used for the development of the hybrid molecularly imprinted sensor (apta-MIP). Aptasensors, targeting PCT and CRP were also fabricated, following the same approach as in the case of LPS, with mercaptohexanol (MCH) replacing DTBA. In the case of the CRP aptasensor, the SAM was formed following incubation of a 1:1 aptamer: MCH mixture. However, in the case of PCT, the SAM was formed with the aptamer itself, with subsequent backfilling with 1 μM MCH. The binding performance of all systems has been evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The apta-MIP’s polymer thickness is controlled by varying the number of electropolymerisation cycles. In the ideal number of polymerisation cycles, the polymer must cover the electrode surface and create a binding pocket around LPS and its aptamer binding site. Less polymerisation cycles will create a hybrid system which resembles an aptasensor, while more cycles will be able to cover the complex and demonstrate a bulk polymer-like behaviour. Both aptasensor and apta-MIP were challenged with LPS and compared to conventional imprinted (absence of aptamer from the binding site, polymer formed in presence of LPS) and non-imprinted polymers (NIPS, absence of LPS whilst hybrid polymer is formed). A stable LPS aptasensor, capable of detecting down to 5 pg/ml of LPS was generated. The apparent Kd of the system was estimated at 17 pM, with a Bmax of approximately 50 pM. The aptasensor demonstrated high specificity to LPS. The apta-MIP demonstrated superior recognition properties with a limit of detection of 1 fg/ml and a Bmax of 100 pg/ml. The CRP and PCT aptasensors were both able to detect down to 5 pg/ml. Whilst full binding performance is currently being evaluated, there is none of the sensors demonstrate cross-reactivity towards LPS, CRP or PCT. In conclusion, stable aptasensors capable of detecting LPS, PCT and CRP at low concentrations have been generated. The realisation of a multiplex panel such as described herein, will effectively contribute to the rapid, personalised diagnosis of sepsis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aptamer" title="aptamer">aptamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecularly%20imprinted%20polymers" title=" molecularly imprinted polymers"> molecularly imprinted polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sepsis" title=" sepsis"> sepsis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99827/generating-a-multiplex-sensing-platform-for-the-accurate-diagnosis-of-sepsis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Optimizing the Pair Carbon Xerogels-Electrolyte for High Performance Supercapacitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boriana%20Karamanova">Boriana Karamanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Veleva"> Svetlana Veleva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luybomir%20Soserov"> Luybomir Soserov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Arenillas"> Ana Arenillas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Lufrano"> Francesco Lufrano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20Stoyanova"> Antonia Stoyanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supercapacitors have received a lot of research attention and are promising energy storage devices due to their high power and long cycle life. In order to developed an advanced device with significant capacity for storing charge and cheap carbon materials, efforts must focus not only on improving synthesis by controlling the morphology and pore size but also on improving electrode-electrolyte compatibility of the resulting systems. The present study examines the relationship between the surface chemistry of two activated carbon xerogels, the electrolyte type, and the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors. Activated carbon xerogels were prepared by varying the initial pH of the resorcinol-formaldehyde aqueous solution. The materials produced are physicochemical characterized by DTA/TGA, porous characterization, and SEM analysis. The carbon xerogel based electrodes were prepared by spreading over glass plate a slurry containing the carbon gel, graphite, and poly vinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder. The layer formed was dried consecutively at different temperatures and then detached by water. After, the layer was dried again to improve its mechanical stability. The developed electrode materials and the Aquivion® E87-05S membrane (Solvay Specialty Polymers), socked in Na2SO4 as a polymer electrolyte, were used to assembly the solid-state supercapacitor. Symmetric supercapacitor cells composed by same electrodes and 1 M KOH electrolytes are also assembled and tested for comparison. The supercapacitor performances are verified by different electrochemical methods - cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and long-term durability tests in neutral and alkaline electrolytes. Specific capacitances, energy, and power density, energy efficiencies, and durability were compared into studied supercapacitors. Ex-situ physicochemical analyses on the synthesized materials have also been performed, which provide information about chemical and structural changes in the electrode morphology during charge / discharge durability tests. They are discussed on the basis of electrode-electrolyte interaction. The obtained correlations could be of significance in order to design sustainable solid-state supercapacitors with high power and energy density. Acknowledgement: This research is funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria under the National Program "European Scientific Networks" (Agreement D01-286 / 07.10.2020, D01-78/30.03.2021). Authors gratefully acknowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20xerogel" title="carbon xerogel">carbon xerogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20tests" title=" electrochemical tests"> electrochemical tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20and%20alkaline%20electrolytes" title=" neutral and alkaline electrolytes"> neutral and alkaline electrolytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitors" title=" supercapacitors"> supercapacitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146804/optimizing-the-pair-carbon-xerogels-electrolyte-for-high-performance-supercapacitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> The Design, Development, and Optimization of a Capacitive Pressure Sensor Utilizing an Existing 9DOF Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Randles">Andrew Randles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20Ocak"> Ilker Ocak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheam%20Daw%20Don"> Cheam Daw Don</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navab%20Singh"> Navab Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Gu"> Alex Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nine Degrees of Freedom (9 DOF) systems are already in development in many areas. In this paper, an integrated pressure sensor is proposed that will make use of an already existing monolithic 9 DOF inertial MEMS platform. Capacitive pressure sensors can suffer from limited sensitivity for a given size of membrane. This novel pressure sensor design increases the sensitivity by over 5 times compared to a traditional array of square diaphragms while still fitting within a 2 mm x 2 mm chip and maintaining a fixed static capacitance. The improved design uses one large diaphragm supported by pillars with fixed electrodes placed above the areas of maximum deflection. The design optimization increases the sensitivity from 0.22 fF/kPa to 1.16 fF/kPa. Temperature sensitivity was also examined through simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20pressure%20sensor" title="capacitive pressure sensor">capacitive pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=9%20DOF" title=" 9 DOF"> 9 DOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=10%20DOF" title=" 10 DOF"> 10 DOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive" title=" capacitive"> capacitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20measurement%20unit" title=" inertial measurement unit"> inertial measurement unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMU" title=" IMU"> IMU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20navigation%20system" title=" inertial navigation system"> inertial navigation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=INS" title=" INS"> INS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32117/the-design-development-and-optimization-of-a-capacitive-pressure-sensor-utilizing-an-existing-9dof-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Kerr Electric-Optic Measurement of Electric Field and Space Charge Distribution in High Voltage Pulsed Transformer Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongda%20Guo">Hongda Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenxia%20Sima"> Wenxia Sima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transformer oil is widely used in power systems because of its excellent insulation properties. The accurate measurement of electric field and space charge distribution in transformer oil under high voltage impulse has important theoretical and practical significance, but still remains challenging to date because of its low Kerr constant. In this study, the continuous electric field and space charge distribution over time between parallel-plate electrodes in high-voltage pulsed transformer oil based on the Kerr effect is directly measured using a linear array photoelectrical detector. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability and reliability of this method. This study provides a feasible approach to further study the space charge effects and breakdown mechanisms in transformer oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field" title="electric field">electric field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerr" title=" Kerr"> Kerr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20charge" title=" space charge"> space charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer%20oil" title=" transformer oil"> transformer oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48379/kerr-electric-optic-measurement-of-electric-field-and-space-charge-distribution-in-high-voltage-pulsed-transformer-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Parametric Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Yahya">Abir Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hacen%20Dhahri"> Hacen Dhahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalifa%20Slimi"> Khalifa Slimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with a numerical simulation of temperature field inside a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) components. The temperature distribution is investigated using a co-flow planar SOFC comprising the air and fuel channel and two-ceramic electrodes, anode and cathode, separated by a dense ceramic electrolyte. The Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used for the numerical simulation of the physical problem. The effects of inlet temperature, anode thermal conductivity and current density on temperature distribution are discussed. It was found that temperature distribution is very sensitive to the inlet temperature and the current density. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sources" title="heat sources">heat sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method"> Lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title=" solid oxide fuel cell"> solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71281/parametric-analysis-of-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Improved Ohmic Contact by Li Doping in Electron Transport Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sivakumar">G. Sivakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Pratyusha"> T. Pratyusha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gupta"> D. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Shen"> W. Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To get ohmic contact between the cathode and organic semiconductor, transport layers are introduced between the active layer and the electrodes. Generally zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are used as electron transport layer. When electron transport layer is doped with lithium, the resultant film exhibited superior electronic properties, which enables faster electron transport. Doping is accomplished by heat treatment of films with Lithium salts. Li-doped films. We fabricated organic solar cell using PTB7(poly(3-hexylthiopene-2,5- diyl):PCBM(phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) and found that the solar cells prepared using Li doped films had better performance in terms of efficiency when compared to the undoped transport layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20transport%20layer" title="electron transport layer">electron transport layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20efficiency" title=" higher efficiency"> higher efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium%20doping" title=" lithium doping"> lithium doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ohmic%20contact" title=" ohmic contact"> ohmic contact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50134/improved-ohmic-contact-by-li-doping-in-electron-transport-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> 3D Electrode Carrier and its Implications on Retinal Implants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Luj%C3%A1n%20Villarreal">Diego Luján Villarreal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Retinal prosthetic devices aim to repair some vision in visual impairment patients by stimulating electrically neural cells in the visual system. In this study, the 3D linear electrode carrier is presented. A simulation framework was developed by placing the 3D carrier 1 mm away from the fovea center at the highest-density cell. Cell stimulation is verified in COMSOL Multiphysics by developing a 3D computational model which includes the relevant retinal interface elements and dynamics of the voltage-gated ionic channels. Current distribution resulting from low threshold amplitudes produces a small volume equivalent to the volume confined by individual cells at the highest-density cell using small-sized electrodes. Delicate retinal tissue is protected by excessive charge density <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20prosthetic%20devices" title="retinal prosthetic devices">retinal prosthetic devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20devices" title=" visual devices"> visual devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20implants." title=" retinal implants."> retinal implants.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20prosthetic%20devices" title=" visual prosthetic devices"> visual prosthetic devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162033/3d-electrode-carrier-and-its-implications-on-retinal-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light 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