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I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright Morning Star.&#8221 <a href="/nlt/revelation/22.htm">New Living Translation</a> “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you this message for the churches. I am both the source of David and the heir to his throne. I am the bright morning star.” <a href="/esv/revelation/22.htm">English Standard Version</a> “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.” <a href="/bsb/revelation/22.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.” <a href="/blb/revelation/22.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> "I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to all of you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star." <a href="/kjv/revelation/22.htm">King James Bible</a> I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star. <a href="/nkjv/revelation/22.htm">New King James Version</a> “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star.” <a href="/nasb_/revelation/22.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you of these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.” <a href="/nasb/revelation/22.htm">NASB 1995</a> &#8220I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.&#8221 <a href="/nasb77/revelation/22.htm">NASB 1977 </a> “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star.” <a href="/lsb/revelation/22.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> “I, Jesus, sent My angel to bear witness to you of these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.” <a href="/amp/revelation/22.htm">Amplified Bible</a> “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you and to give you assurance of these things for the churches. I am the Root (the Source, the Life) and the Offspring of David, the radiant and bright Morning Star.” <a href="/csb/revelation/22.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to attest these things to you for the churches. I am the Root and descendant of David, the bright morning star.” <a href="/hcsb/revelation/22.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> &#8220I, Jesus, have sent My angel to attest these things to you for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright Morning Star.&#8221 <a href="/asv/revelation/22.htm">American Standard Version</a> I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star. <a href="/cev/revelation/22.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> I am Jesus! And I am the one who sent my angel to tell all of you these things for the churches. I am David's Great Descendant, and I am also the bright morning star. <a href="/erv/revelation/22.htm">English Revised Version</a> I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star. <a href="/gwt/revelation/22.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> "I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give this testimony to you for the churches. I am the root and descendant of David. I am the bright morning star." <a href="/gnt/revelation/22.htm">Good News Translation</a> "I, Jesus, have sent my angel to announce these things to you in the churches. I am descended from the family of David; I am the bright morning star." <a href="/isv/revelation/22.htm">International Standard Version</a> "I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give this testimony to you for the churches. I am the root and descendent of David, the bright morning star." <a href="/msb/revelation/22.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> ?I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.? <a href="/net/revelation/22.htm">NET Bible</a> "I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!" <a href="/nheb/revelation/22.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David; the bright morning star." <a href="/wbt/revelation/22.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> I Jesus have sent my angel to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning-star. <a href="/wey/revelation/22.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> "I Jesus have sent My angel for him solemnly to declare these things to you among the Churches. I am the Root and the offspring of David, the bright Morning Star. <a href="/web/revelation/22.htm">World English Bible</a> I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the assemblies. I am the root and the offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star.” <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/revelation/22.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> I, Jesus, sent My messenger to testify to you these things concerning the assemblies; I am the root and the offspring of David, the radiant morning star! <a href="/blb/revelation/22.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> "I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to all of you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star." <a href="/ylt/revelation/22.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> 'I, Jesus did send my messenger to testify to you these things concerning the assemblies; I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star! <a href="/slt/revelation/22.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> I Jesus sent mine angel to testify these things to you, to the churches. I am the root and stock of David, the shining and morning star.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/revelation/22.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> I Jesus have sent my angel, to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the root and stock of David, the bright and morning star. <a href="/cpdv/revelation/22.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> “I, Jesus, have sent my Angel, to testify to these things for you among the Churches. I am the Root and the Origin of David, the bright morning Star.” <a href="/nabre/revelation/22.htm">New American Bible</a> “I, Jesus, sent my angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright morning star.” <a href="/nrsvce/revelation/22.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> “It is I, Jesus, who sent my angel to you with this testimony for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/revelation/22.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/22.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> I, Yeshua, have sent my Angel to testify these things among you before the assemblies. I AM THE LIVING GOD, The Root and The Offspring of David, and his Companion, and The Bright Morning Star.”<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/revelation/22.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, morning star. <a href="/godbey/revelation/22.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> <FR>I Jesus sent my angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright and morning-star.<Fr> <a href="/haweis/revelation/22.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> I Jesus have sent my angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star. <a href="/mace/revelation/22.htm">Mace New Testament</a> "I Jesus have sent my angel to testify these things to the churches. I am the shoot, the offspring of David, the splendid morning star. <a href="/wey/revelation/22.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> "I Jesus have sent My angel for him solemnly to declare these things to you among the Churches. I am the Root and the offspring of David, the bright Morning Star. <a href="/worrell/revelation/22.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> <FR>"I, Jesus, sent My angel to testify to you these things to the assemblies. I am the root and offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star.<Fr> <a href="/worsley/revelation/22.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> <FR>I Jesus have sent my messenger to testify unto you these <Fr>things<FR> in the churches. I am <Fr>both<FR> the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star.<Fr> <a href="/parallel/revelation/22-16.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LJfD7KQcx0I?start=4865" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/revelation/22.htm">Jesus is Coming</a> …15But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood. 16<a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: Egō (PPro-N1S) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">“I,</a> <a href="/greek/2424.htm" title="2424: Iēsous (N-NMS) -- Of Hebrew origin; Jesus, the name of our Lord and two other Israelites.">Jesus,</a> <a href="/greek/3992.htm" title="3992: epempsa (V-AIA-1S) -- To send, transmit, permit to go, put forth. ">have sent</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: mou (PPro-G1S) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">My</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ton (Art-AMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/32.htm" title="32: angelon (N-AMS) -- From aggello; a messenger; especially an angel; by implication, a pastor.">angel</a> <a href="/greek/3140.htm" title="3140: martyrēsai (V-ANA) -- To witness, bear witness, give evidence, testify, give a good report. From martus; to be a witness, i.e. Testify.">to give you this testimony</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: hymin (PPro-D2P) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou."></a> <a href="/greek/3778.htm" title="3778: tauta (DPro-ANP) -- This; he, she, it. "></a> <a href="/greek/1909.htm" title="1909: epi (Prep) -- On, to, against, on the basis of, at. ">for</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tais (Art-DFP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/1577.htm" title="1577: ekklēsiais (N-DFP) -- From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation.">churches.</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: egō (PPro-N1S) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">I</a> <a href="/greek/1510.htm" title="1510: eimi (V-PIA-1S) -- I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.">am</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: hē (Art-NFS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/4491.htm" title="4491: rhiza (N-NFS) -- A root, shoot, source; that which comes from the root, a descendent. Apparently a primary word; a root.">Root</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">and</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: to (Art-NNS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/1085.htm" title="1085: genos (N-NNS) -- Offspring, family, race, nation, kind. From ginomai; kin.">Offspring</a> <a href="/greek/1138.htm" title="1138: Dauid (N-GMS) -- David, King of Israel. Of Hebrew origin; Dabid, the Israelite king.">of David,</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ho (Art-NMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ho (Art-NMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2986.htm" title="2986: lampros (Adj-NMS) -- From the same as lampas; radiant; by analogy, limpid; figuratively, magnificent or sumptuous.">bright</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ho (Art-NMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/4407.htm" title="4407: prōinos (Adj-NMS) -- Belonging to the morning, early. From proi; pertaining to the dawn, i.e. Matutinal.">Morning</a> <a href="/greek/792.htm" title="792: astēr (N-NMS) -- A star. Probably from the base of stronnumi; a star, literally or figuratively.">Star.” </a> 17The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/isaiah/11-1.htm">Isaiah 11:1</a> Then a shoot will spring up from the stump of Jesse, and a Branch from his roots will bear fruit. <a href="/isaiah/11-10.htm">Isaiah 11:10</a> On that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples. The nations will seek Him, and His place of rest will be glorious. <a href="/numbers/24-17.htm">Numbers 24:17</a> I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near. A star will come forth from Jacob, and a scepter will arise from Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab and strike down all the sons of Sheth. <a href="/2_samuel/23-3.htm">2 Samuel 23:3-4</a> The God of Israel spoke; the Rock of Israel said to me, ‘He who rules the people with justice, who rules in the fear of God, / is like the light of the morning at sunrise of a cloudless dawn, the glistening after the rain on the sprouting grass of the earth.’ <a href="/isaiah/60-3.htm">Isaiah 60:3</a> Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn. <a href="/malachi/4-2.htm">Malachi 4:2</a> “But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings, and you will go out and leap like calves from the stall. <a href="/john/8-12.htm">John 8:12</a> Once again, Jesus spoke to the people and said, “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows Me will never walk in the darkness, but will have the light of life.” <a href="/john/1-9.htm">John 1:9</a> The true Light, who gives light to everyone, was coming into the world. <a href="/luke/1-78.htm">Luke 1:78-79</a> because of the tender mercy of our God, by which the Dawn will visit us from on high, / to shine on those who live in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the path of peace.” <a href="/matthew/2-2.htm">Matthew 2:2</a> asking, “Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him.” <a href="/romans/15-12.htm">Romans 15:12</a> And once more, Isaiah says: “The Root of Jesse will appear, One who will arise to rule over the Gentiles; in Him the Gentiles will put their hope.” <a href="/revelation/5-5.htm">Revelation 5:5</a> Then one of the elders said to me, “Do not weep! Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has triumphed to open the scroll and its seven seals.” <a href="/revelation/2-28.htm">Revelation 2:28</a> And I will give him the morning star. <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Revelation 3:7</a> To the angel of the church in Philadelphia write: These are the words of the One who is holy and true, who holds the key of David. What He opens no one can shut, and what He shuts no one can open. <a href="/revelation/21-23.htm">Revelation 21:23</a> And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, because the glory of God illuminates the city, and the Lamb is its lamp.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>I Jesus have sent my angel to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.I Jesus.<a href="/revelation/22-6.htm">Revelation 22:6</a> And he said unto me, These sayings are faithful and true: and the Lord God of the holy prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants the things which must shortly be done.<a href="/revelation/1-1.htm">Revelation 1:1</a> The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signified it by his angel unto his servant John:to testify.<a href="/revelation/22-20.htm">Revelation 22:20</a> He which testifieth these things saith, Surely I come quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.See on ver.<a href="/revelation/22-1.htm">Revelation 22:1,11</a> And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb… <a href="/revelation/2-7.htm">Revelation 2:7,11,17,29</a> He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God… <a href="/revelation/3-6.htm">Revelation 3:6,13,22</a> He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches… I am.<a href="/revelation/5-5.htm">Revelation 5:5</a> And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.<a href="/isaiah/11-1.htm">Isaiah 11:1</a> And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots:<a href="/zechariah/6-12.htm">Zechariah 6:12</a> And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD:the bright.<a href="/revelation/2-28.htm">Revelation 2:28</a> And I will give him the morning star.<a href="/numbers/24-17.htm">Numbers 24:17</a> I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth.<a href="/matthew/2-2.htm">Matthew 2:2,7-10</a> Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/revelation/22-8.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/revelation/3-22.htm">Assemblies</a> <a href="/revelation/22-1.htm">Bright</a> <a href="/revelation/3-22.htm">Churches</a> <a href="/revelation/5-5.htm">David</a> <a href="/1_john/1-5.htm">Declare</a> <a href="/hebrews/2-16.htm">Descendant</a> <a href="/revelation/20-4.htm">Jesus</a> <a href="/revelation/22-8.htm">Messenger</a> <a href="/revelation/2-28.htm">Morning</a> <a href="/revelation/2-28.htm">Morning-Star</a> <a href="/revelation/12-17.htm">Offspring</a> <a href="/revelation/5-5.htm">Root</a> <a href="/revelation/10-6.htm">Solemnly</a> <a href="/revelation/9-1.htm">Star</a> <a href="/revelation/1-2.htm">Testify</a> <a href="/revelation/20-4.htm">Testimony</a> <a href="/revelation/15-5.htm">Witness</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/genesis/16-7.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/leviticus/23-2.htm">Assemblies</a> <a href="/genesis/44-3.htm">Bright</a> <a href="/acts/9-31.htm">Churches</a> <a href="/ruth/4-17.htm">David</a> <a href="/revelation/22-18.htm">Declare</a> <a href="/genesis/21-13.htm">Descendant</a> <a href="/revelation/22-20.htm">Jesus</a> <a href="/genesis/16-7.htm">Messenger</a> <a href="/genesis/1-5.htm">Morning</a> <a href="/revelation/2-28.htm">Morning-Star</a> <a href="/genesis/3-15.htm">Offspring</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/29-18.htm">Root</a> <a href="/revelation/22-18.htm">Solemnly</a> <a href="/numbers/24-17.htm">Star</a> <a href="/revelation/22-18.htm">Testify</a> <a href="/exodus/16-34.htm">Testimony</a> <a href="/revelation/22-20.htm">Witness</a><div class="vheading2">Revelation 22</div>1. <a href="/revelation/22-1.htm">The river of the water of life.</a> 2. <a href="/revelation/22-2.htm">The tree of life.</a> 5. <a href="/revelation/22-5.htm">The light of the city of God is himself.</a> 7. <a href="/revelation/22-7.htm">Jesus Is Coming.</a> 9. <a href="/revelation/22-9.htm">The angel will not be worshipped.</a> 18. <a href="/revelation/22-18.htm">Nothing may be added to the word of God, nor taken away.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/revelation/22.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/revelation/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/revelation/22.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. This phrase emphasizes the direct authority and involvement of Jesus in delivering the message of Revelation. The use of "I, Jesus" is significant as it is one of the few instances where Jesus directly names Himself in the New Testament, underscoring the importance and authenticity of the message. The sending of "My angel" indicates a divine messenger, a common theme in biblical narratives where angels serve as intermediaries between God and humans (e.g., Gabriel in <a href="/luke/1-26.htm">Luke 1:26-38</a>). The purpose of this testimony is for the "churches," referring to the seven churches in Asia Minor addressed earlier in Revelation (chapters 2-3). This highlights the communal and ecclesiastical nature of the message, intended for instruction, encouragement, and warning to the early Christian communities.I am the Root and the Offspring of David, This phrase connects Jesus to the Davidic lineage, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. The "Root" signifies origin, indicating that Jesus is the source of David's line, while "Offspring" denotes His human descent from David, as seen in genealogies in <a href="/matthew/1.htm">Matthew 1</a> and <a href="/luke/3.htm">Luke 3</a>. This duality emphasizes both His divinity and humanity. The Davidic covenant (<a href="/2_samuel/7-12.htm">2 Samuel 7:12-16</a>) promised an eternal kingdom through David's line, which Christians believe is fulfilled in Jesus. This connection to David also reinforces Jesus' rightful claim to kingship and His role as the promised Messiah.the bright Morning Star. The "bright Morning Star" is a title that signifies hope, renewal, and the ushering in of a new era. In ancient times, the morning star (often associated with the planet Venus) was a symbol of a new day. Biblically, this imagery is used to describe the coming of Christ as a new beginning for humanity. In <a href="/2_peter/1-19.htm">2 Peter 1:19</a>, the morning star is associated with the prophetic word and the dawning of understanding in believers' hearts. This title also contrasts with the fallen "morning star" in <a href="/isaiah/14-12.htm">Isaiah 14:12</a>, traditionally interpreted as Lucifer, highlighting Jesus' victory over darkness and His role as the true light of the world (<a href="/john/8-12.htm">John 8:12</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/j/jesus.htm">Jesus</a> The central figure of Christianity, who identifies Himself as the sender of the message and the fulfillment of prophecy. 2. <a href="/topical/a/angel.htm">Angel</a> A messenger sent by Jesus to deliver the testimony to the churches. 3. <a href="/topical/c/churches.htm">Churches</a> The recipients of the message, representing the body of believers. 4. <a href="/topical/d/david.htm">David</a> The second king of Israel, from whose lineage Jesus is descended, fulfilling Old Testament prophecy. 5. <a href="/topical/m/morning_star.htm">Morning Star</a> A title used by Jesus to signify His role as a bringer of hope and new beginnings.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/j/jesus_as_fulfillment_of_prophecy.htm">Jesus as Fulfillment of Prophecy</a> Jesus' identification as the "Root and Offspring of David" emphasizes His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, affirming His messianic role. <a href="/topical/a/authority_and_revelation.htm">Authority and Revelation</a> Jesus sending His angel to testify to the churches underscores His authority and the importance of divine revelation for the church. <a href="/topical/h/hope_and_new_beginnings.htm">Hope and New Beginnings</a> The title "bright Morning Star" symbolizes hope, guidance, and the promise of a new day, encouraging believers to look to Jesus for direction and renewal. <a href="/topical/c/continuity_of_god's_plan.htm">Continuity of God's Plan</a> The connection to David highlights the continuity of God's redemptive plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament, showing the unity of Scripture. <a href="/topical/r/role_of_the_church.htm">Role of the Church</a> The message is directed to the churches, emphasizing their role in receiving, preserving, and proclaiming the testimony of Jesus.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_revelation_22.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Revelation 22</a> <a href="/q/what_is_the_bright_morning_star.htm">What is the bright morning star?</a> <a href="/q/who_is_the_author_of_3_john.htm">Who is referred to as the Root of David?</a> <a href="/q/who_is_the_morning_star_in_the_bible.htm">Who is the morning star in the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/who_is_the_root_of_david.htm">Who is referred to as the Root of David?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/revelation/22.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(16) I Jesus have sent mine angel . . .--The warning is followed by the voice of our Lord Himself testifying to the truth of the revelation made, I Jesus sent (not "have sent," as in the English version) my angel to testify to you these things to the churches. But it is not merely a message, or the confirmation of a message that we have--we have also stated what Christ is--the root and pledge of hope to all. I am the root and offspring of David, and the star, the bright, the morning (star). He is David's Lord and David's Son, possessing David's throne (<a href="/context/matthew/22-42.htm" title="Saying, What think you of Christ? whose son is he? They say to him, The son of David.">Matthew 22:42-45</a>; <a href="/luke/1-32.htm" title="He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give to him the throne of his father David:">Luke 1:32</a>); He is the bright star which leads up the dawn of everlasting day (<a href="/malachi/4-2.htm" title="But to you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and you shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.">Malachi 4:2</a>; <a href="/2_peter/1-19.htm" title="We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto you do well that you take heed, as to a light that shines in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:">2Peter 1:19</a>).<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/revelation/22.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 16. - I Jesus have sent mine angel. Here our Lord himself asserts what was at the very beginning set forth (<a href="/revelation/1-1.htm">Revelation 1:1</a>). The revelation proper being now ended, the epistolary form in which the book opens is now resumed. Either our Lord himself is here the speaker, or the angel speaks in his name (cf. vers. 9, 10, 12, etc.). To testify unto you these things in the Churches (ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις). The Revised Version translates, for [margin. or over] the Churches (cf. the expression in <a href="/matthew/24-33.htm">Matthew 24:33</a>). Probably this preposition is used as expressing the idea of motion towards, especially from above, which is contained in the fact that the message is from heaven to the Churches. Dusterdieck, Hengstenberg, and others would translate, "concerning the Churches." Ἐν, "in," is found in A and some other manuscripts. Some cursives omit the preposition entirely. This gives another possible reading: "to testify these things unto you, the Churches." I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the Bright and Morning Star. Omit the second "and." (On "Root," see on Revelation 5:5; for "Morning Star," cf. <a href="/revelation/2-28.htm">Revelation 2:28</a>.) At the word "David," the manuscript 1, from which Erasmus compiled the Textus Receptus, ends. In order to supply the remainder, which is deficient, Erasmus retranslated the Vulgate Version into Greek. The Greek, therefore, of the Textus Receptus from this point onwards is the Greek of Erasmus. <a href="/commentaries/revelation/22-16.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>“I, Ἐγὼ (Egō) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. Jesus, Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2424.htm">Strong's 2424: </a> Of Hebrew origin; Jesus, the name of our Lord and two other Israelites. have sent ἔπεμψα (epempsa) Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3992.htm">Strong's 3992: </a> To send, transmit, permit to go, put forth. My μου (mou) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. angel ἄγγελόν (angelon) Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_32.htm">Strong's 32: </a> From aggello; a messenger; especially an 'angel'; by implication, a pastor. to give you this testimony μαρτυρῆσαι (martyrēsai) Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active <a href="/greek/strongs_3140.htm">Strong's 3140: </a> To witness, bear witness, give evidence, testify, give a good report. From martus; to be a witness, i.e. Testify. for ἐπὶ (epi) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1909.htm">Strong's 1909: </a> On, to, against, on the basis of, at. the ταῖς (tais) Article - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. churches. ἐκκλησίαις (ekklēsiais) Noun - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1577.htm">Strong's 1577: </a> From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation. I ἐγώ (egō) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. am εἰμι (eimi) Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1510.htm">Strong's 1510: </a> I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist. the ἡ (hē) Article - Nominative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. Root ῥίζα (rhiza) Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4491.htm">Strong's 4491: </a> A root, shoot, source; that which comes from the root, a descendent. Apparently a primary word; a 'root'. and καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. the τὸ (to) Article - Nominative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. Offspring γένος (genos) Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1085.htm">Strong's 1085: </a> Offspring, family, race, nation, kind. From ginomai; 'kin'. of David, Δαυίδ (Dauid) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1138.htm">Strong's 1138: </a> David, King of Israel. Of Hebrew origin; Dabid, the Israelite king. the ὁ (ho) Article - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. bright λαμπρός (lampros) Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2986.htm">Strong's 2986: </a> From the same as lampas; radiant; by analogy, limpid; figuratively, magnificent or sumptuous. Morning πρωϊνός (prōinos) Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4407.htm">Strong's 4407: </a> Belonging to the morning, early. From proi; pertaining to the dawn, i.e. Matutinal. Star.? ἀστὴρ (astēr) Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_792.htm">Strong's 792: </a> A star. Probably from the base of stronnumi; a star, literally or figuratively. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/revelation/22-16.htm">Revelation 22:16 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/revelation/22-16.htm">NT Prophecy: Revelation 22:16 I Jesus have sent my angel (Rev. Re Apocalypse)</a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/revelation/22-15.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Revelation 22:15"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Revelation 22:15" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/revelation/22-17.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Revelation 22:17"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Revelation 22:17" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>