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id="toc-Ancient_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_Ancient_Olympiad_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_Ancient_Olympiad_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Examples of Ancient Olympiad dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_Ancient_Olympiad_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anolympiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anolympiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Anolympiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anolympiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>End of the era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern Olympics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_Olympics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern Olympics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Start_and_end" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Start_and_end"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Start and end</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Start_and_end-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quadrennium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quadrennium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Quadrennium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quadrennium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_Olympiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Olympiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cultural Olympiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Olympiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Olympiad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade" title="Olimpiade – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="أولمبياد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أولمبياد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiada" title="Olimpiada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Olimpiada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Олимпиада (хронология) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Олимпиада (хронология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijada" title="Olimpijada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Olimpijada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiadenn" title="Olimpiadenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Olimpiadenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimp%C3%ADada" title="Olimpíada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Olimpíada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Olympiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiade" title="Olympiade – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Olympiade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiade" title="Olympiade – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympiade" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%BCmpiaad" title="Olümpiaad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Olümpiaad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiada" title="Olimpiada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Olimpiada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiado" title="Olimpiado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Olimpiado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olinpiada" title="Olinpiada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Olinpiada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="المپیاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="المپیاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiade" title="Olympiade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Olympiade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimp%C3%ADada" title="Olimpíada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Olimpíada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84%EB%93%9C" title="올림피아드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="올림피아드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="ओलम्पियाड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओलम्पियाड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiado" title="Olimpiado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Olimpiado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_(satuan_waktu)" title="Olimpiade (satuan waktu) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Olimpiade (satuan waktu)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiade" title="Olympiade – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Olympiade" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade" title="Olimpiade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%94_(%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F)" title="אולימפיאדה (יחידת זמן) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אולימפיאדה (יחידת זמן)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiadhe" title="Olimpiadhe – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olimpiadhe" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Олимпијада – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Олимпијада" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpik" title="Olimpik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Olimpik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiade" title="Olympiade – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olympiade" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="オリンピアード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オリンピアード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiade" title="Olympiade – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Olympiade" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiada_(czas)" title="Olimpiada (czas) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Olimpiada (czas)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimp%C3%ADada" title="Olimpíada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olimpíada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiad%C4%83" title="Olimpiadă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Olimpiadă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Олимпиада (хронология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олимпиада (хронология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympi%C3%A1da_(%C5%A1tyri_roky)" title="Olympiáda (štyri roky) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Olympiáda (štyri roky)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijada" title="Olimpijada – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Olimpijada" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Олимпијада – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Олимпијада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijada" title="Olimpijada – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Olimpijada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiadi" title="Olympiadi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Olympiadi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olympiad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="ஒலிம்பியாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலிம்பியாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Period of four years associated with the Olympic Games of the Ancient Greeks</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Olympic Games. For the American thoroughbred racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Olympiad_(horse)" title="Olympiad (horse)">Olympiad (horse)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia,_Greece_(51223830819).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia%2C_Greece_%2851223830819%29.jpg/300px-Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia%2C_Greece_%2851223830819%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia%2C_Greece_%2851223830819%29.jpg/450px-Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia%2C_Greece_%2851223830819%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia%2C_Greece_%2851223830819%29.jpg/600px-Top_down_aerial_of_the_Stadium_in_Olympia%2C_Greece_%2851223830819%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5463" data-file-height="3639" /></a><figcaption>Stadium at ancient <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>olympiad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ὀλυμπιάς</span>, <i>Olympiás</i>) is a period of four years, particularly those associated with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">ancient</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">modern Olympic Games</a>. </p><p>Although the ancient Olympics were established during <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Greece's Archaic Era</a>, it was not until <a href="/wiki/Hippias_of_Elis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippias of Elis">Hippias</a> that a consistent list was established and not until <a href="/wiki/Ephorus_of_Cyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephorus of Cyme">Ephorus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> that the first recorded Olympic contest was used as a <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (reference date)">calendar epoch</a>. Ancient authors agreed that other Olympics had been held before the race won by <a href="/wiki/Coroebus_of_Elis" title="Coroebus of Elis">Coroebus</a> but disagreed on how many; the convention was established to place Coroebus's victory at a time equivalent to the summer of <a href="/wiki/776_BC" title="776 BC">776 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span></a> in the Proleptic Julian calendar, and to treat it as Year 1 of Olympiad 1. Olympiad 2 began with the next games in the summer of 772 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>. </p><p>Thus, for N less than 195, Olympiad N is reckoned as having started in the year <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 780-(4\times N)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>780</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 780-(4\times N)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a7179b1c9b09333e5bcd6254f11ff2c1325f8d8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.204ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 780-(4\times N)}"></span> <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> and ended four years later. For N greater than or equal to 195, Olympiad N began in <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">AD</span></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (4\times N)-779}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>779</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (4\times N)-779}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c54a0ef3f1c60f23a090dca3e3e06b9f8e2b0f48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.204ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (4\times N)-779}"></span> and ended four years later. By extrapolation, the 4th year of the 700th Olympiad begins roughly around 2 August 2024. </p><p>In reference to the modern Olympics, their Olympiads are four year periods beginning on January 1 of the year of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Summer_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Summer Games">Summer Games</a>. Thus, the modern Olympiad I began 1 January 1896, Olympiad II began 1 January 1900, and so on. Olympiad XXXIII began 1 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendars</a> go directly from 1 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> to <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">AD</span></span> 1, the cycle of modern Olympiads is ahead of the ancient cycle by one year. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Olympics">Ancient Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each olympiad started with the holding of the games, which originally began on the first or second <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full moon</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Summer_solstice" title="Summer solstice">summer solstice</a>. After the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Metonic_cycle" title="Metonic cycle">Metonic cycle</a> about 432 BC, the start of the games was determined slightly differently. Within each olympiad, time was reckoned by referring to its 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th year. Ancient writers sometimes describe their Olympiads as lasting five years but do so by <a href="/wiki/Inclusive_counting" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive counting">counting inclusively</a>; in fact each comprised a four year period. For example, the first year of Olympiad 140 began in the summer of 220 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> and lasted until the middle of 219 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>. After the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of Olympiad 140, the games in the summer of 216 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> would begin the first year of Olympiad 141. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historians">Historians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sophist" title="Sophist">sophist</a> <a href="/wiki/Hippias_of_Elis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippias of Elis">Hippias</a> was the first writer to compile a comprehensive list of the Olympic victors (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ολυμπιονίκες</span></span>, <i>olympioníkes</i>). Although his <i>Olympic Record</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ὀλυμπιονικῶν Ἀναγραφή</span></span>, <i>Olympionikō̂n Anagraphḗ</i>) is now entirely lost, it apparently formed the basis of all later Olympic dating.<sup id="cite_ref-olyoly_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olyoly-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of <a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes" title="Eratosthenes">Eratosthenes</a>, his dating of <a href="/wiki/Coroebus_of_Elis" title="Coroebus of Elis">Coroebus</a>'s victory to 776 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> had been generally accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBickerman198075_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBickerman198075-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panhellenic nature of the games, their regular schedule, and the improved <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">victor list</a> allowed Greek historians to use the Olympiads as a way of reckoning time that did not depend on the various calendars of the <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a>. (See e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic calendar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athens">Athenians</a>.) The first to do so consistently was <a href="/wiki/Timaeus_(historian)" title="Timaeus (historian)">Timaeus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tauromenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauromenium">Tauromenium</a> in the third century <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>. Nevertheless, since for events of the early history of the games the reckoning was used in retrospect, some of the dates given by later historian for events before the 5th century <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> are very unreliable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBickerman198088_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBickerman198088-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2nd_century" title="2nd century">2nd century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phlegon_of_Tralles" title="Phlegon of Tralles">Phlegon of Tralles</a> summarized the events of each Olympiad in a book called <i>Olympiads</i>; fragments survive in the work of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Byzantine</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Photius" class="mw-redirect" title="Photius">Photius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian chroniclers continued to use this Greek system of dating as a way of synchronizing <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">biblical</a> events with Greek and Roman history. In the <a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> compiled a list of Olympic victors up to 217 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>, and this list has been preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Chronicon_(Eusebius)" title="Chronicon (Eusebius)"><i>Chronicle</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_of_Ancient_Olympiad_dates">Examples of Ancient Olympiad dates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples of Ancient Olympiad dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg/300px-Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg/450px-Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg/600px-Relief_greek_ballplayers_500bC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2853" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>A relief of the Greek Olympiad</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Early historians sometimes used the names of Olympic victors as a method of dating events to a specific year. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> says in his account of the year 428 BC: "It was the Olympiad in which the <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_(city)" title="Rhodes (city)">Rhodian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorieus_(Rhodes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorieus (Rhodes) (page does not exist)">Dorieus</a> gained his second victory."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a> dates the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of Rome">foundation of Rome</a> to the first year of the seventh Olympiad, 752 & 751 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>. Since Rome was founded on April 21, which was in the last half of the ancient Olympic year, it would be 751 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span> specifically. In Book 1 chapter 75 Dionysius states: "...Romulus, the first ruler of the city, began his reign in the first year of the seventh Olympiad, when <a href="/wiki/Charops_(mythology)" title="Charops (mythology)">Charops</a> at Athens was in the first year of his ten-year term as archon."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> dates the Persian invasion of Greece to 480 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>: "Calliades was archon in Athens, and the Romans made <a href="/wiki/Spurius_Cassius_Vecellinus" title="Spurius Cassius Vecellinus">Spurius Cassius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proculus_Verginius_Tricostus_Rutilus" title="Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus">Proculus Verginius Tricostus</a> consuls, and the Eleians celebrated the Seventy-fifth Olympiad, that in which <a href="/wiki/Astyalus_of_Croton" class="mw-redirect" title="Astyalus of Croton">Astylus of Syracuse</a> won the <i>stadion</i>. It was in this year that king Xerxes made his campaign against Greece."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> translation of the Chronicle of <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>, dates the birth of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> to year 3 of Olympiad 194, the 42nd year of the reign of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, which equates to the year 2 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BC</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anolympiad">Anolympiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anolympiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the games were held without interruption, on more than one occasion they were held by others than the <a href="/wiki/Eleians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleians">Eleians</a>. The Eleians declared such games <i>Anolympiads</i> (non-Olympics), but it is assumed the winners were nevertheless recorded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_era">End of the era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: End of the era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd century</a>, records of the games are so scanty that historians are not certain whether after 261 they were still held every four years. Some winners were recorded though, until the 293rd and last Olympiad of <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">AD</span></span> 393. In 394, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> outlawed the games at Olympia as pagan. Though it would have been possible to continue the reckoning by just counting four-year periods, by the middle of the <a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th century</a> reckoning by Olympiads had ceased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Olympics">Modern Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable nowrap floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th>Olympiad</th> <th>First year</th> <th>Last year</th> <th>Host City</th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">I</a> (1st)</td> <td>1896</td> <td>1899</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">II</a> (2nd)</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1903</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">III</a> (3rd)</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1907</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">IV</a> (4th)</td> <td>1908</td> <td>1911</td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">V</a> (5th)</td> <td>1912</td> <td>1915</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">VI</a> (6th)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1916</td> <td>1919</td> <td><s><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></s></td> <td><s><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></s> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">VII</a> (7th)</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1923</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">VIII</a> (8th)</td> <td>1924</td> <td>1927</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">IX</a> (9th)</td> <td>1928</td> <td>1931</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">X</a> (10th)</td> <td>1932</td> <td>1935</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">XI</a> (11th)</td> <td>1936</td> <td>1939</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">XII</a> (12th)<sup id="cite_ref-WorldWarII_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldWarII-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2">1940</td> <td rowspan="2">1943</td> <td><s><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></s></td> <td><s><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></s> </td></tr> <tr> <td><s><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></s></td> <td><s><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></s> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">XIII</a> (13th)<sup id="cite_ref-WorldWarII_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldWarII-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1944</td> <td>1947</td> <td><s><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></s></td> <td><s><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a></s> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">XIV</a> (14th)</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1951</td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">XV</a> (15th)</td> <td>1952</td> <td>1955</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">XVI</a> (16th)</td> <td>1956</td> <td>1959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">XVII</a> (17th)</td> <td>1960</td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">XVIII</a> (18th)</td> <td>1964</td> <td>1967</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">XIX</a> (19th)</td> <td>1968</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">XX</a> (20th)</td> <td>1972</td> <td>1975</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><img alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">XXI</a> (21st)</td> <td>1976</td> <td>1979</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">XXII</a> (22nd)</td> <td>1980</td> <td>1983</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">XXIII</a> (23rd)</td> <td>1984</td> <td>1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">XXIV</a> (24th)</td> <td>1988</td> <td>1991</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">XXV</a> (25th)</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1995</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">XXVI</a> (26th)</td> <td>1996</td> <td>1999</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">XXVII</a> (27th)</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">XXVIII</a> (28th)</td> <td>2004</td> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">XXIX</a> (29th)</td> <td>2008</td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">XXX</a> (30th)</td> <td>2012</td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">XXXI</a> (31st)</td> <td>2016</td> <td>2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">XXXII</a> (32nd)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2020</td> <td>2023</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">XXXIII</a> (33rd)</td> <td>2024</td> <td>2027</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">XXXIV</a> (34th)</td> <td>2028</td> <td>2031</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">XXXV</a> (35th)</td> <td>2032</td> <td>2035</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Start_and_end">Start and end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Start and end"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a> are more correctly referred to as the Games of the Olympiad. The first <a href="/wiki/Poster" title="Poster">poster</a> to announce the games using this term was the one for the <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Summer Olympics</a>, in Los Angeles, using the phrase: <i>Call to the games of the Xth Olympiad</i>. </p><p>The modern Olympiad is a period of four years: the first Olympiad started on 1 January 1896, and an Olympiad starts on 1 January of the years evenly divisible by four.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This means that the count of the Olympiads continues, even if Olympic Games are cancelled: For instance, the regular intervals would have meant (summer) Olympic Games should have occurred in 1940 and 1944, but both were cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>Nonetheless, the count of the Olympiads continued: The 1936 Games were those of the XI Olympiad, while the next Summer Games were those of 1948, which were the Games of the XIV Olympiad. The current Olympiad is the XXXIII of the modern era, which began on 1 January 2024. </p><p>Note, however, that the official numbering of the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> does not count Olympiads, it counts only the Games themselves. </p><p>For example, the first Winter Games, in <a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924</a>, are not designated as <i>Winter Games of the VII Olympiad</i>, but as the <i>I Winter Olympic Games</i>. (The first Winter Games were termed as "Olympic" in a later year.) </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Games</a> were the <i>Games of the XI Olympiad</i>. After the <a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">1940</a> and <a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">1944</a> Summer Games were canceled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Games resumed in <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a> as the <i>Games of the XIV Olympiad</i>. However, the <a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Winter Games</a> were the <i>IV Winter Olympic Games</i>, and on the resumption of the Winter Games in <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948</a>, the event was designated the <i>V Winter Olympic Games</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Games</a> were the <i>Games of the XXXII Olympiad</i>. On 24 March 2020, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, it was postponed to 2021 rather than cancelled, and thus becoming the first postponement in the 124-year history of the Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-newdates_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newdates-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some media people have from time to time referred to a particular (e.g., the <i>n</i>th) Winter Olympics as "the Games of the <i>n</i>th Winter Olympiad", perhaps believing it to be the correct formal name for the Winter Games by analogy with that of the Summer Games. Indeed, at least one IOC-published article has applied this nomenclature as well.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This analogy is sometimes extended further by media references to "Summer Olympiads". </p><p>However, the IOC does not seem to make an official distinction between Olympiads for the summer and winter games, and such usage, particularly for the Winter Olympics, is inconsistent with the numbering discussed above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quadrennium">Quadrennium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quadrennium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Olympic Committees often use the term <i>quadrennium</i>, which it claims refers to the same four-year period. However, it indicates these quadrennia in calendar years, starting with the first year after the Summer Olympics and ending with the year the next Olympics are held. This would suggest a more precise period of four years, but, for example, the 2001–2004 Quadrennium would then not be exactly the same period as the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">XXVII Olympiad</a>, which was 2000–2003.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Olympiad">Cultural Olympiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultural Olympiad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Art competitions at the Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>A <i>Cultural Olympiad</i> is a concept protected by the International Olympic Committee and may be used only within the limits defined by an Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. From one Games to the next, the scale of the Cultural Olympiad varies considerably, sometimes involving activity over the entire Olympiad and other times emphasizing specific periods within it. Baron Pierre de Coubertin established the principle of <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Art Competitions</a> at a special congress in Paris in 1906, and the first official programme was presented during the 1912 Games in Stockholm. These competitions were also named the "Pentathlon of the Muses", as their purpose was to bring artists to present their work and compete for "art" medals across five categories: architecture, music, literature, sculpture and painting. </p><p>Nowadays, while there are no competitions as such, cultural and artistic practice is displayed via the Cultural Olympiad. The <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in Vancouver presented the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Olympiad_Digital_Edition" title="Cultural Olympiad Digital Edition">Cultural Olympiad Digital Edition</a>. The 2012 Olympics included <a href="/wiki/2012_Cultural_Olympiad" title="2012 Cultural Olympiad">an extensive Cultural Olympiad</a> with the London 2012 Festival in the host city, and events elsewhere including the <a href="/wiki/World_Shakespeare_Festival" title="World Shakespeare Festival">World Shakespeare Festival</a> produced by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">RSC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 games'</a> Cultural Olympiad was scaled back due to <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil#2010s_economic_contraction" title="Economic history of Brazil">Brazil's recession</a>; there was no published programme, with director <a href="/wiki/Carla_Camurati" title="Carla Camurati">Carla Camurati</a> promising "secret" and "spontaneous" events such as <a href="/wiki/Flash_mob" title="Flash mob">flash mobs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultural events in time for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in Tokyo were planned<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being canceled due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">pandemic restrictions in Japan</a>. Instead, an alternative virtual event was held. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English term is still often used popularly to indicate the games themselves, a usage that is uncommon in ancient Greek (as an Olympiad is most often the time period <i>between</i> and including sets of games).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used to indicate international competitions other than physical <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>. This includes <a href="/wiki/International_science_olympiads" class="mw-redirect" title="International science olympiads">international science olympiads</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Geography_Olympiad" title="International Geography Olympiad">International Geography Olympiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Olympiad" title="International Mathematical Olympiad">International Mathematical Olympiad</a>, International Forensics Olympiad, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Linguistics_Olympiad" title="International Linguistics Olympiad">International Linguistics Olympiad</a> and their associated national qualifying tests (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America_Mathematical_Olympiad" title="United States of America Mathematical Olympiad">United States of America Mathematical Olympiad</a>, the USA Forensics Olympiad or the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Linguistics_Olympiad" title="United Kingdom Linguistics Olympiad">United Kingdom Linguistics Olympiad</a>), and also events in mind-sports, such as the <a href="/wiki/Science_Olympiad" title="Science Olympiad">Science Olympiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mind_Sports_Olympiad" title="Mind Sports Olympiad">Mindsport Olympiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_History_Olympiad" class="mw-redirect" title="International History Olympiad">International History Olympiad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_Olympiad" title="Computer Olympiad">Computer Olympiad</a>. In these cases <i>Olympiad</i> is used to indicate a regular event of international competition for top achieving participants; it does not necessarily indicate a four-year period. </p><p>In some languages, like <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, Olympiad (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">olympiáda</i>) is the correct term for the games. </p><p><i>The Olympiad</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/L%27Olimpiade" title="L'Olimpiade">L'Olimpiade</a></i>) is also the name of some 60 <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a> set in Ancient Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not celebrated because of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WorldWarII-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WorldWarII_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WorldWarII_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not celebrated because of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Celebrated in 2021 as the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> postponed the Olympics by one year.<sup id="cite_ref-newdates_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newdates-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Specific</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf">Olympic Charter</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olyoly-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olyoly_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChristesen2012" class="citation cs2">Christesen, Paul (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110931419.319/pdf">"Imagining Olympia: Hippias of Elis and the First Olympic Victor List"</a>, <i>A Tall Order: Writing the Social History of the Ancient World</i>, Berlin: B.G. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Rio+2016%3A+The+%27secret%27+Cultural+Olympiad&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Kirsty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-36918490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympiad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Culture360.asef.org </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell, Scott, and Jones, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aalphabetic+letter%3D%2Ao%3Aentry+group%3D30%3Aentry%3D%2A%29olumpia%2Fs2">s.v. Ὀλυμπιάς, A. II. 1</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickerman1980" class="citation cs2">Bickerman, Elias J (1980), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronologyofanci00bick"><i>Chronology of the Ancient World (Aspects of Greek & Roman Life)</i></a></span> (2nd sub ed.), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1282-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-1282-0"><bdi>978-0-8014-1282-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+Ancient+World+%28Aspects+of+Greek+%26+Roman+Life%29&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd+sub&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-1282-0&rft.aulast=Bickerman&rft.aufirst=Elias+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronologyofanci00bick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympiad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympiad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/olympiad" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/olympiad">olympiad</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Olympiad"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Olympiad">"Olympiad" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Olympiad&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympiad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chris Bennett, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/chron/olympic/chron_ol_cal_fr.htm">The Olympiad System</a>, on <i>tyndalehouse.com</i></li> <li>Valerie Vaughan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onereed.com/articles/vvf/olympics.html">The Origin of the Olympics: Ancient Calendars and the Race Against Time</a> (2002) on OneReed.com, an <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrologically</a>-oriented site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130122181143/http://www.eyesfortheuniverse.com/hmepa/">Hellenic Month Established Per Athens</a></li></ul> <div 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measurement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Time_standard" title="Time standard">standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronometry" title="Chronometry">Chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time metrology">Metrology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTC_offset" title="UTC offset">offset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94T_(timekeeping)" title="ΔT (timekeeping)">ΔT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DUT1" title="DUT1">DUT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service" title="International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">ISO 31-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Time" title="International Atomic Time">International Atomic Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-hour_clock" title="12-hour clock">12-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_clock" title="24-hour clock">24-hour clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time" title="Barycentric Coordinate Time">Barycentric Coordinate Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Dynamical_Time" title="Barycentric Dynamical Time">Barycentric Dynamical Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_time" title="Civil time">Civil 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/113px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/150px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris_time" title="Ephemeris time">Ephemeris time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian" title="Prime meridian">Prime meridian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_physics" title="Time in physics">Time in physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time" title="Absolute space and time">Absolute space and time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronon" title="Chronon">Chronon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous signal">Continuous signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_time" title="Coordinate time">Coordinate time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_decade" title="Cosmological decade">Cosmological decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_time_and_continuous_time" title="Discrete time and continuous time">Discrete time and continuous time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Theory of relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_dilation" title="Time dilation">Time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation" title="Gravitational time dilation">Gravitational time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_domain" title="Time domain">Time domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-translation_symmetry" title="Time-translation symmetry">Time-translation symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-symmetry" title="T-symmetry">T-symmetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">Horology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrarium" title="Astrarium">Astrarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">Atomic clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complication_(horology)" title="Complication (horology)">Complication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices" title="History of timekeeping devices">History of timekeeping devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">Hourglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometer" title="Marine chronometer">Marine chronometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_sandglass" title="Marine sandglass">Marine sandglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_clock" title="Radio clock">Radio clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stopwatch" title="Stopwatch">stopwatch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">Water clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">Sundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialing_scales" title="Dialing scales">Dialing scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_of_time" title="Equation of time">Equation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sundials" title="History of sundials">History of sundials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema_for_horizontal_dials" title="Schema for horizontal dials">Sundial markup schema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> (lunar Hijri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominical_letter" title="Dominical letter">Dominical letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epact" title="Epact">Epact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">Equinox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">Intercalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">Julian day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">Solstice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">Tropical year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determination_of_the_day_of_the_week" title="Determination of the day of the week">Weekday determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_days_of_the_week" title="Names of the days of the week">Weekday names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology and geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">Chronological dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" title="Astronomical chronology">Astronomical chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_year" title="Galactic year">Galactic year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_timescale" title="Nuclear timescale">Nuclear timescale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">Precession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">Sidereal time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_time" title="Unit of time">units of time</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instant" title="Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flick_(time)" title="Flick (time)">Flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shake_(unit)" title="Shake (unit)">Shake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiffy_(time)" title="Jiffy (time)">Jiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">Minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moment_(unit)" title="Moment (unit)">Moment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">Fortnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Month" title="Month">Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">Year</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustrum" title="Lustrum">Lustrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">Decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeculum" title="Saeculum">Saeculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(philosophy)" title="Duration (philosophy)">Duration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_chronometry" title="Mental chronometry">Mental chronometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimal_time" title="Decimal time">Decimal time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_time" title="Metric time">Metric time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_time" title="System time">System time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time metrology">Time metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_value_of_money" title="Time value of money">Time 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