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Découverte </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="BERKÉLIUM, Isotopes" href="/encyclopedie/berkelium/2-isotopes/"> 2. Isotopes </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="BERKÉLIUM, Physico-chimie" href="/encyclopedie/berkelium/3-physico-chimie/"> 3. Physico-chimie </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="BERKÉLIUM, Production" href="/encyclopedie/berkelium/4-production/"> 4. Production </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="BERKÉLIUM, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/berkelium/5-bibliographie/"> 5. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>BERKÉLIUM</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC931621_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC931621_0"></i><p>Le berkélium (symbole Bk) est un élément chimique synthétique découvert en 1949. Son numéro atomique 97 le situe dans la classification périodique parmi les éléments dits « transuraniens » dont il est le cinquième membre, suivant immédiat du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le curium est un élément chimique artificiel dont le symbole est Cm et le numéro atomique 96. Il se situe, dans la classification périodique, parmi les éléments dits transuraniens. Son nom fut proposé en hommage aux savants français Pierre et Marie Curie .. Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James et Albert Ghiorso, travaillant au Metallurgical Laboratory de l'université de Chicago, isol�..." title="Article : CURIUM" href="/encyclopedie/curium/">curium</a>.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC931621_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC931621_1"></i><h2>Découverte</h2><p>La recherche d'éléments « transcuriens » commença dès la fin de l'année 1945, soit peu de temps après la découverte des éléments 95 et 96. Cependant, le premier isotope (numéro atomique 243) de l'élément 97 ne fut identifié qu'en décembre 1949, car sa <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On appelle nucléosynthèse l'ensemble des processus nucléaires qui sont à l'origine de la composition chimique de la matière qui constitue l' Univers observable. On sait depuis le xix e siècle, grâce aux travaux du chimiste russe Dmitri Mendeleïev, que la matière observable est constituée d'environ quatre-vingt-dix éléments chimiques différents allant depuis le plus léger, l' hy..." title="Article : NUCLÉOSYNTHÈSE" href="/encyclopedie/nucleosynthese/">nucléosynthèse</a> était liée à la production d'une quantité suffisamment importante d' <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L' américium (symbole Am) est un élément artificiel qui fait partie d'une série d'éléments lourds découverts depuis 1940, les transuraniens . Comme tous ces éléments, il possède de nombreux isotopes, tous radioactifs. Son numéro atomique, 95, le place, dans la classification périodique, après l' uranium , le neptunium et le plutonium , avec lesquels il présente de nombreuse..." title="Article : AMÉRICIUM" href="/encyclopedie/americium/">américium</a> 241 utilisé comme cible :<div class="m-0 text-center"><img id="V04f0012c01" src="/media_src/v04f0012c01.png" class="d-formule figure-img img-fluid" alt=""></div>L'activité spécifique élevée de ce matériau de départ exigea un nouvel équipement pour protéger les chercheurs contre les rayonnements, et la mise au point de techniques de séparation très efficaces et très rapides. Ces problèmes furent résolus par S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso et G. T. Seaborg à Berkeley (Calif.), d'où l'origine du nom donné à cet élément. Le premier composé du berkélium dont la structure ait été certaine fut préparé en 1962 par B. B. Cunningham et J. C. Wallman qui isolèrent environ 0,02 microgramme de dioxyde de berkélium 249, grâce à d'ingénieuses techniques d'ultramicrochimie. Ils utilisèrent approximativement 2 nanogrammes (10<sup>-9</sup> g) du composé formé pour en déterminer la structure par diffraction des rayons X.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" 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et composés dérivés" href="/classification/chimie/chimie-inorganique-ou-chimie-minerale/composes-chimie-minerale/elements-chimiques-et-composes-derives/"> Éléments chimiques et composés dérivés </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Métaux et composés dérivés" href="/classification/chimie/chimie-inorganique-ou-chimie-minerale/composes-chimie-minerale/elements-chimiques-et-composes-derives/metaux-et-composes-derives/"> Métaux et composés dérivés </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Actinium, actinides et composés dérivés"> <a title="Classification : Actinium, actinides et composés dérivés" href="/classification/chimie/chimie-inorganique-ou-chimie-minerale/composes-chimie-minerale/elements-chimiques-et-composes-derives/metaux-et-composes-derives/actinium-actinides-et-composes-derives/"> Actinium, actinides et composés dérivés </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 3"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li 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