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.vn-container{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;height:3rem;margin:0 auto;max-width:77.5rem;z-index:1}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-container{height:4.6875rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-container.lite{max-width:100%}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-container.lite{height:3.5rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;line-height:1;padding:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn:not(.lite){margin-right:1.166875rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn:not(.lite){margin-right:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn i{font-size:2.25rem;width:2.25rem;overflow:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn svg{fill:currentColor;pointer-events:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn.vn-search 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.vn-logo-container .vn-logo img:not(.lite){width:7.25rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-logo img{height:.875rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-logo img{height:1.4375rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-prog-logo img{height:.9375rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-prog-logo img{height:1.5625rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links{background:#f9f9fc;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:calc(100vh - 3rem);left:-140vw;overflow:auto;padding:.5rem;position:fixed;top:3rem;-webkit-transition:left .5s ease;transition:left .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:100}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links{max-width:25rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links.lite{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem);top:3.5rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper 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.vn-menu-section{left:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible}}@media(min-width:81.25rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-links-list:not(.lite)>li:not(:nth-child(7)){margin-right:1rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section{background:#f9f9fc;height:calc(100vh - 3rem);right:-140vw;overflow:auto;padding:0 1.5rem 6.25rem 1.5rem;position:fixed;top:3rem;-webkit-transition:all .5s ease;transition:all .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:10}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.lite{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem);top:3.5rem}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section{max-width:25rem;left:-140vw;right:auto}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.open{left:0;right:auto}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.open{right:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #c6cedb;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:.75rem 0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header h3{color:#1b1b1b;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;margin:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header a{color:#3557ff;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header a img{margin-right:.5rem;width:.8125rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul{margin:.75rem 0;list-style:none;padding:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:400}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li a{color:#1b1b1b;display:block;padding:.75rem 0;text-decoration:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li a:hover{color:#3557ff}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li hr{border:1px solid #c6cedb}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite){background:#fff;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;border-top:0;left:-20px;margin-left:-3.75rem;max-width:none;height:auto;opacity:0;padding:1.875rem 2.875rem;position:absolute;top:4.6875rem;width:18.75rem;visibility:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) hr{display:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul{margin:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li{border-bottom:1px solid #c6cedb}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li:last-of-type{border-bottom:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li.vn-see-all a{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;color:#3557ff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li.vn-see-all a img{height:.75rem;margin-right:.5rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1{width:60.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul{-webkit-columns:4;-moz-columns:4;columns:4;-webkit-column-gap:2.875rem;-moz-column-gap:2.875rem;column-gap:2.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(7),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(14),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(21){border-bottom:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3{width:35rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul{-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2;-webkit-column-gap:2.875rem;-moz-column-gap:2.875rem;column-gap:2.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul li:nth-child(8),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul li:nth-child(16){border-bottom:0}}@media(min-width:64rem)and (max-width:81.25rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1{margin-left:-8.75rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-back{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:#3557ff;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:1rem 0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-back i{font-size:.75rem;margin-right:.3125rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions{margin-top:1rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-left:1px solid #cccce7;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1.1875rem 0;padding-left:1.25rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe{border-left:none}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe .vn-signin{padding-left:.9375rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe .vn-signin{padding-left:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-signin{color:#3557ff;font-weight:600;padding:0 1.5rem;text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-signin:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:0;margin:0 .9375rem;-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin{background:none;border:0;color:#3557ff;font-weight:600;height:3rem;padding:0 1.5rem;text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:0;padding:0;margin:0 1.25rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin:not(.lite):before{background:url(//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e4870f/client/img/person.59072d56.svg) 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tabindex="-1"><article class="article medref" data-chronicle="091e9c5e81e48710" data-e2e="dart-medref" data-page="1" data-module-type="dynamic-article" data-artid="091e9c5e800075b4" style=""><script type="application/ld+json"></script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"MedicalWebPage","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/high-cholesterol-healthy-heart","lastReviewed":"08/22/2024 20:00:00","reviewedBy":{"@type":"Person","name":"Shruthi N, MD"},"about":"Heart Disease","datePublished":"12/07/2004 20:00:00","headline":"Heart Anatomy, Function, and Blood Circulation","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Kathryn Whitbourne"},"dateModified":"08/22/2024 20:00:00","primaryImageOfPage":{"@type":"ImageObject","name":"1800x1200_heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead.jpg","description":"THUMBNAIL, Medical illustration of heart anatomy, including direction of blood flow, Heart Anatomy, Function and Blood Circulation bigBEAD,","license":"iStock/Getty Images","url":"https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article_thumbnails/BigBead/heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead/1800x1200_heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead.jpg","thumbnailUrl":"https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article_thumbnails/BigBead/heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead/1800x1200_heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead.jpg"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"WebMD","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/logos/webmd/web/webmd_logo_53x12.gif"}}}</script><div class="inner-article-container"><header><h1>Heart Anatomy, Function, and Blood Circulation</h1></header><div class="med-wrap"><div><div class="asset-med-rev"><div class="reviewer-info" data-chronicle="091e9c5e81e48710" data-e2e="asset-medical-review" data-metrics-module="rvdby-lnk"><span class="reviewer-photo-cont"><figure><img src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/biographies/M_Shruthi_382x382.jpg?resize=51px:51px&output-quality=75" class="reviewer-photo"></figure></span><span class="reviewer-txt seperatorLine">Medically Reviewed by <a class="person" href="https://www.webmd.com/bio/shruthi-n" data-metrics-link="0">Shruthi N, MD</a><span class="no-link"></span><span class="revDate"> on August 22, 2024</span></span></div><div class="byline"><span><span class="authors" data-metrics-module="wrtnby-lnk">Written by <a href="https://www.webmd.com/bio/kathryn-whitbourne" class="person" data-metrics-link="0">Kathryn Whitbourne</a></span></span></div></div></div></div><aside class="oncology-article-nav" data-metrics-module="cwnav-art"><ul class="nav-items desktop"><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-1-2">How Does the Heart Work?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-1-3">Parts of the Heart</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-3-7">How Does Blood Flow Through the Heart?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-3-9">How Does Blood Flow Through Your Lungs?</a><div class="item-button"><a href="#"></a></div></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-3-10">What Are the Coronary Arteries?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-4-13">How Does the Heart Beat?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-5-14">Takeaways</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e800075b4-5-15">Heart Anatomy FAQs</a></li><li class="item-button"></li></ul></aside><div class="reading-wrapper"><div class="readtime"><span>8 min read</span></div><div id="audio-placeholder-091e9c5e800075b4"></div></div><div class="article__body" data-metrics-module="embd-lnk"><div class="article-page active-page" data-page="1"><section><p>Your heart is an amazing organ. It continuously pumps oxygen and nutrient-rich blood throughout your body to sustain life. This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping 5 or 6 quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day. So how does <span>blood flow through the heart?</span></p><p> </p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-1-2">How Does the Heart Work?</h2><p>As the heart beats, it pumps blood through a system of blood vessels called the circulatory system. The vessels are elastic tubes that carry blood to every part of the body.</p><p>Blood is essential. In addition to carrying fresh oxygen from the <a href="https://www.webmd.com/lung/healthy-lungs-smokers-lungs" data-crosslink-type="article" id="067f849f-fb47-4229-8139-e969ea22993e">lungs</a> and nutrients to your body's tissues, it takes the body's waste products, including carbon dioxide, away from the tissues. This is needed to sustain life and promote the health of all the body's tissues.</p><p>There are three main types of blood vessels:</p><ul><li><strong>Arteries.</strong> These begin with the aorta, the large artery leaving the heart. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues. They branch several times, becoming smaller and smaller as they carry blood farther from the heart.</li><li><strong>Capillaries.</strong> These are small, thin blood vessels that connect the <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/clogged-arteries-arterial-plaque" id="a622187a-d620-4ccc-92bb-d583157a0f43;medical_reference">arteries</a> <a id="a622187a-d620-4ccc-92bb-d583157a0f43;medical_reference"></a>and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from our organ's cells.</li><li><strong>Veins.</strong> These blood vessels take blood back to the heart; this blood lacks oxygen (oxygen-poor) and is rich in waste products that are to be excreted or removed from the body. Veins become larger and larger as they get closer to the heart. The superior vena cava is the large vein that brings blood from the head and arms to the heart, and the inferior vena cava brings blood from the abdomen and legs to the heart.</li></ul><p>Blood flows continuously through your body's <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart/difference-between-arteries-veins-capillaries" id="ced2110a-f645-4f3e-8000-4e7c15678638;medical_reference">blood vessels</a>. Your heart is the pump that makes it all possible.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-1-3">Parts of the Heart</h2><p>The heart is under the rib cage, to the left of your breastbone (sternum) and between your lungs.</p><p>On the outside, the heart is made of muscle. The strong muscular walls contract (squeeze), pumping blood to the arteries. The cardiovascular system is made up of your heart and your blood vessels. </p><div id="art-091e9c5e800075b4-em-image-1" class="em-mod-image" ref="art-091e9c5e800075b4-em-image-1"> <aside data-e2e="ia-image" align="middle" class="ia-module-container ia-image landscape " data-metric-module="ia-img-soc"> <figure> <div class="main"> <img src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article_thumbnails/BigBead/heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead/1800x1200_heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead.jpg" alt="illustration of heart anatomy"/> </div> <figcaption> <p class="module_description" > This heart anatomy diagram shows that blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle and out to the lungs (via the pulmonary artery) where it gets oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood goes into the left atrium, then the left ventricle and on to your body via the aorta. (Photo Credit: iStock/Getty Images) </p> </figcaption> </figure> </aside> </div></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="2"><section> <p><span><strong>Heart chambers</strong></span></p><p>On the inside, the heart is a four-chambered, hollow organ. It is divided into the left and right side by a wall called the septum. The right and left sides of the heart are further divided into two top chambers called the atria (plural of atrium), which receive blood from the veins, and two bottom chambers called ventricles, which pump blood into the arteries. The four chambers are the:</p><ul><li>Right atrium</li><li>Left atrium</li><li>Right ventricle</li><li>Left ventricle</li></ul><p>The atria and ventricles work together, contracting and relaxing to pump blood out of the heart. As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve. </p></section><section><pagebreak /> <p><span><strong>Heart valves</strong></span></p><p>There are four heart valves within the heart:</p><ul><li>Mitral valve</li><li><a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/understanding-heart-disease-symptoms" id="20b64b0a-d9e3-42f7-8c1b-44b96a6cc3a2;medical_reference">Tricuspid valve</a></li><li>Aortic valve</li><li>Pulmonic valve (also called pulmonary valve)</li></ul><p>The tricuspid and mitral valves lie between the atria and ventricles. The aortic and pulmonic valves lie between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart.</p><p>The heart valves work the same way as one-way valves in the plumbing of your home. They prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction.</p><p>Each valve has a set of flaps, called leaflets or cusps. The mitral valve has two leaflets; the others have three. The leaflets are attached to and supported by a ring of tough, fibrous tissue called the <a href="https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/hypertension-working-heart" id="c095b61c-ebc7-42a2-a36c-cce316a722cc;medical_reference">annulus</a>. The annulus helps to maintain the proper shape of the valve.</p><p>The leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves are also supported by tough, fibrous strings called chordae tendineae. These are similar to the strings supporting a parachute. They extend from the valve leaflets to small muscles, called papillary muscles, which are part of the inside walls of the ventricles.</p></section><section><pagebreak /> <p><strong>Blood vessels</strong></p><p>The major blood vessels connected to your heart are the:</p><ul><li>Aorta</li><li>Superior vena cava </li><li>Inferior vena cava </li><li>Pulmonary artery</li><li>Pulmonary veins</li><li>Coronary arteries</li></ul><p><span>The </span>pulmonary artery takes oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The pulmonary veins bring <a href="https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/how-to-increase-blood-oxygen-level" id="0d6bff39-911a-4423-ae68-1a1eb419d332;medical_reference">oxygen-rich blood</a> from the lungs to the heart, and the coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="3"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-3-7">How Does Blood Flow Through the Heart?</h2><p>The right and left sides of the heart work together. The pattern described below is repeated over and over, causing blood to flow continuously to the heart, lungs, and body.</p><p><strong>Right side of the heart</strong></p><ul><li>Blood enters the <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/valve-disease-treatments" id="8d32f558-9ae3-453c-abb7-3d2a9843c965;medical_reference">heart</a> through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium.</li><li>As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.</li><li>When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.</li><li>As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery, and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.</li></ul></section><section><pagebreak /> <p><strong>Left side of the heart</strong></p><ul><li>The now-oxygen-rich blood travels through your pulmonary vein and into your left atrium.</li><li>As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart/mitral-valve-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment" id="cab0770c-9db1-4252-ac13-db007fcac5cd;medical_reference">mitral valve</a>.</li><li>When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.</li><li>As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta, and to the body.</li></ul><p>This cycle is repeated with every heartbeat. The sound of your heartbeat is the sound of different heart valves closing.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-3-9">How Does Blood Flow Through Your Lungs?</h2><p>Once blood travels through the pulmonic valve, it enters your lungs. This is called the pulmonary circulation. From your pulmonic valve, blood travels to the pulmonary artery to tiny capillary vessels in the lungs.</p><p>Here, oxygen travels from the tiny air sacs in the lungs, through the walls of the capillaries, into the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of <a href="https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/how-to-boost-your-metabolism" data-crosslink-type="article" id="755c06dd-90a8-43e7-a495-db5dff8cf7c0">metabolism</a>, passes from the blood into the air sacs. Carbon dioxide leaves the body when you exhale. Once the blood is purified and oxygenated, it travels back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-3-10">What Are the Coronary Arteries?</h2><p>Like all organs, your heart is made of tissue that requires a supply of oxygen and nutrients. Although its chambers are full of blood, the heart receives no nourishment from this blood. The heart receives its own supply of blood from a network of arteries called the coronary arteries.</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="4"><section> <p>Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet:</p><ul><li><strong>The right coronary artery</strong> supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood. It usually branches into the posterior descending artery, which supplies the bottom portion of the left ventricle and back of the septum with blood.</li><li><strong>The left main coronary artery</strong> branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery. The circumflex artery supplies blood to the left atrium, side, and back of the left ventricle, and the left anterior descending artery supplies the front and bottom of the left ventricle and the front of the septum with blood.</li></ul></section><section><pagebreak /> <p>These arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood.</p><p>When the coronary arteries narrow to the point that blood flow to the heart muscle is limited (<a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/coronary-artery-disease" data-crosslink-type="article" id="d5d42a17-67c1-42d2-83f1-91a20cfc6c51">coronary artery disease</a>), a network of tiny blood vessels in the heart that aren't usually open called collateral vessels may enlarge and become active. This allows blood to flow around the blocked artery to the heart muscle, protecting the heart tissue from injury.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-4-13">How Does the Heart Beat?</h2><p>The atria and ventricles work together, alternately contracting and relaxing to make the heart beat and pump blood. The electrical system of your heart is the power source that makes this possible.</p><p>Your heartbeat is triggered by electrical impulses that travel down a special pathway through your heart.</p><ul><li>The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells called the SA node (sinoatrial node), in the right atrium. This node is known as the heart's natural <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/pacemaker-implant" data-crosslink-type="article" id="63545389-bf74-481d-b8ee-9f94ee6c69f8">pacemaker</a>. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract.</li><li>A cluster of cells in the center of the heart between the atria and ventricles, the AV node (atrioventricular node) is like a gate that slows the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles. This delay gives the atria time to contract before the ventricles do.</li><li>The His-Purkinje network is a pathway of fibers that sends the impulse to the muscular walls of the ventricles, causing them to contract.</li></ul><p>At rest, a normal heart beats around 50 to 99 times a minute in an adult. <a href="https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/health-benefits-exercise" id="2a542dc3-5d93-483c-b2bf-d6fca6657ed7;medical_reference">Exercise</a>, emotions, fever, and some medications can cause your heart to beat faster, sometimes to well over 100 beats per minute.</p><p> </p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="5"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-5-14">Takeaways</h2><p>Your heart is the pump that makes it possible for blood and oxygen to flow through your body and keep you alive. The heart has four chambers and four valves. The top two chambers (atria) receive blood and the bottom two (ventricles) pump blood out. The valves open to allow blood to flow through and close so that blood can't flow backward. And all of this happens within one heartbeat.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e800075b4-5-15">Heart Anatomy FAQs</h2><p><span><strong>Where is the human heart located?</strong></span></p><p><span>It's between your lungs and slightly to the left of your breastbone. The breastbone (sternum) is in the middle of your chest.</span></p><p><span><strong>Which side of the heart usually fails?</strong></span></p><p><span>Usually the left side. When the left ventricle of the heart can no longer pump enough blood around the body, this leads to buildup in the blood vessels that take blood away from the lungs. This is usually caused by heart disease, heart attack, or long-term high blood pressure. Symptoms include shortness of breath or trouble breathing. </span></p></section><section> <p><span>The right side can also fail (it can't pump enough blood to the lungs), causing buildup of blood in the veins. Often, failure of the right ventricle is caused by failure of the left ventricle first.</span></p><p><span><strong>How long can you live with 20% heart function?</strong></span></p><p>One measurement of <span>how much blood your heart pumps out per beat is the ejection fraction (EF). A normal EF is 50%-70%, which means that 50%-70% of the blood in your left ventricle is pumped out with each heartbeat. (It's normal for some blood to be left behind.) A reading of 20% is considered very serious as it means the heart is pumping out much less blood to the body than it should. This is usually caused by heart disease. </span></p><p>One 2019 analysis of 60 previous studies (using data on survival rates for 1.5 million people with heart failure) found that about <span>57% of patients survived to 5 years and 35% survived to 10 years. Long-term survival depends on many things, like age, sex, and whether you have other health problems. Five-year survival rates had improved greatly from 29% in the 1970s. You can improve your life expectancy by watching your weight, getting more exercise, cutting down on sodium, and stopping smoking and drinking alcohol. </span></p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="6"><section> <p><span><strong>What is the function of the heart valves?</strong></span></p><p><span>They open and close so that blood only flows in one direction and doesn't leak backward.</span></p></section></div></div><div class="related-articles" data-metrics-module="cwnav-art" data-metrics-sel="li"></div><footer><div class="pub-info-and-share-bar"><div class="article__publication-sources"><section class="asset-footer"><div class="asset-footer-top"><div class="asset-footer-buttons"><button class="sources-btn">Sources</button><button class="update-history-btn">Update History</button></div><div class="asset-footer-top-share"><div class="module module-social-share-footer" data-e2e="social-sharebar"><div class="socialshare-container" data-metrics-module="fm-shr"><div 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9.5ZM14 16V12H6V16H14ZM16 18H4V14H0V8C0 7.15 0.291667 6.4375 0.875 5.8625C1.45833 5.2875 2.16667 5 3 5H17C17.85 5 18.5625 5.2875 19.1375 5.8625C19.7125 6.4375 20 7.15 20 8V14H16V18ZM18 12V8C18 7.71667 17.9042 7.47917 17.7125 7.2875C17.5208 7.09583 17.2833 7 17 7H3C2.71667 7 2.47917 7.09583 2.2875 7.2875C2.09583 7.47917 2 7.71667 2 8V12H4V10H16V12H18Z" fill="#3557FF" data-v-00aa1eb2></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="save-container"><div class="auth-overlay-popup-holder" data-v-28242611><div class="bookmark-holder drug-generic-name" data-metrics-module="bkmk" data-v-28242611></div></div></div></div></div><div class="asset-footer-content"><div class="sources-section" style="display:none;"><div class="sources-wrapper" data-metrics-module="src"><p class="text8">SOURCES:</p><p class="text8">American Heart Association: "<span>Blood Flow," "Roles of Your Four Heart Valves," "How Can I Improve My Low Ejection Fraction?"</span></p><p class="text8"><i>Merck Manual: </i>"Biology of the Heart."</p><p class="text8">Cleveland Clinic: "Heart Chambers." </p><p class="text8">Encyclopaedia Britannica: "Heart."</p><p class="text8">InformedHealth.org: "<span class="title" itemprop="name">Heart failure: Learn More – Types of heart failure."</span></p><p class="text8"><span class="title" itemprop="name">University of Rochester: "What is Ejection Fraction?"</span></p><p class="text8"><i><span class="title" itemprop="name">Wiley Open Access</span></i><span class="title" itemprop="name">: "Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: a systematic review and meta‐analysis."</span></p></div></div></div><div class="asset-footer-bottom"><a href="https://www.webmd.com/about-webmd-policies/about-privacy-policy" class="asset-footer-policy"> View privacy policy, copyright and trust info </a></div><div class="asset-footer-bottom-share"><div class="module module-social-share-footer" data-e2e="social-sharebar"><div class="socialshare-container" 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All rights reserved."}},"wbmd_prim_med_revr":{"aspen_id":"8392e54c-8792-4418-a17a-f1af7310b6fa","wbmd_first_nm":"Shruthi","wbmd_middle_name":"","wbmd_lst_nm":"N","wbmd_person_prof_ttl":"","wbmd_bio_obj_id":{"directive":"friendlyurl","object_type":"wbmd_cons_article","chronic_id":"72addbf8-d19b-4557-8c66-5ef4fa8fddfb","legacy_id":"","link_friendlyurl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbio\u002Fshruthi-n","content_section":{"cons_bio":{"title":"Shruthi N, MD","bio_text":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-IN\"\u003EShruthi N, MD, attended Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, India, in 2013, earning her bachelor’s degree in medicine and surgery (MBBS), followed by her master’s degree in microbiology (MD) from Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Bangalore, India, in 2018. \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan lang=\"EN-IN\"\u003EShe is an infectious disease physician skilled at understanding the infectious nature of diseases and diagnostic reporting of various microbiological laboratory tests. 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It continuously pumps oxygen and nutrient-rich blood throughout your body to sustain life. This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping 5 or 6 quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day. So how does \u003Cspan\u003Eblood flow through the heart?\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHow Does the Heart Work?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs the heart beats, it pumps blood through a system of blood vessels called the circulatory system. The vessels are elastic tubes that carry blood to every part of the body.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBlood is essential. In addition to carrying fresh oxygen from the \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Flung\u002Fhealthy-lungs-smokers-lungs\" crosslinktype=\"Article\" id=\"067f849f-fb47-4229-8139-e969ea22993e\"\u003Elungs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and nutrients to your body's tissues, it takes the body's waste products, including carbon dioxide, away from the tissues. This is needed to sustain life and promote the health of all the body's tissues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are three main types of blood vessels:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EArteries.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E These begin with the aorta, the large artery leaving the heart. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues. They branch several times, becoming smaller and smaller as they carry blood farther from the heart.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECapillaries.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E These are small, thin blood vessels that connect the \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart-disease\u002Fclogged-arteries-arterial-plaque\" id=\"a622187a-d620-4ccc-92bb-d583157a0f43;medical_reference\"\u003Earteries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca id=\"a622187a-d620-4ccc-92bb-d583157a0f43;medical_reference\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003Eand the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from our organ's cells.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EVeins.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E These blood vessels take blood back to the heart; this blood lacks oxygen (oxygen-poor) and is rich in waste products that are to be excreted or removed from the body. Veins become larger and larger as they get closer to the heart. The superior vena cava is the large vein that brings blood from the head and arms to the heart, and the inferior vena cava brings blood from the abdomen and legs to the heart.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBlood flows continuously through your body's \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart\u002Fdifference-between-arteries-veins-capillaries\" id=\"ced2110a-f645-4f3e-8000-4e7c15678638;medical_reference\"\u003Eblood vessels\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Your heart is the pump that makes it all possible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"2\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EParts of the Heart\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe heart is under the rib cage, to the left of your breastbone (sternum) and between your lungs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn the outside, the heart is made of muscle. The strong muscular walls contract (squeeze), pumping blood to the arteries. The cardiovascular system is made up of your heart and your blood vessels. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cembeded_module class=\"wbmdembededmodule cke_widget_inline\" align=\"middle\" suppress_from_site=\"false\" suppress_from_fed=\"false\" suppress_share=\"false\" thumbnail=\"\u002Fwebmd\u002Fconsumer_assets\u002Fsite_images\u002Farticle_thumbnails\u002FBigBead\u002Fheart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead\u002F1800x1200_heart_anatomy_function_and_blood_circulation_bigbead.jpg\" _chronic_id=\"dbcc1b6c-acca-4ccb-8999-a53769fd8d07\" asset_title=\"\" asset_description=\"This heart anatomy diagram shows that blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle and out to the lungs (via the pulmonary artery) where it gets oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood goes into the left atrium, then the left ventricle and on to your body via the aorta. (Photo Credit: iStock\u002FGetty Images)\" module_title=\"\" module_description=\"\" link_out_url=\"\" link_out_position=\"\" type=\"image\" height=\"1200\" width=\"1800\" alt=\"illustration of heart anatomy\" aspen_id=\"dbcc1b6c-acca-4ccb-8999-a53769fd8d07\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fembeded_module\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"2\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EParts of the Heart continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHeart chambers\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOn the inside, the heart is a four-chambered, hollow organ. It is divided into the left and right side by a wall called the septum. The right and left sides of the heart are further divided into two top chambers called the atria (plural of atrium), which receive blood from the veins, and two bottom chambers called ventricles, which pump blood into the arteries. The four chambers are the:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ERight atrium\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ELeft atrium\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ERight ventricle\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ELeft ventricle\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe atria and ventricles work together, contracting and relaxing to pump blood out of the heart. As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"3\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EParts of the Heart continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHeart valves\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere are four heart valves within the heart:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMitral valve\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart-disease\u002Funderstanding-heart-disease-symptoms\" id=\"20b64b0a-d9e3-42f7-8c1b-44b96a6cc3a2;medical_reference\"\u003ETricuspid valve\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAortic valve\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EPulmonic valve (also called pulmonary valve)\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe tricuspid and mitral valves lie between the atria and ventricles. The aortic and pulmonic valves lie between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe heart valves work the same way as one-way valves in the plumbing of your home. They prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach valve has a set of flaps, called leaflets or cusps. The mitral valve has two leaflets; the others have three. The leaflets are attached to and supported by a ring of tough, fibrous tissue called the \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fhypertension-high-blood-pressure\u002Fhypertension-working-heart\" id=\"c095b61c-ebc7-42a2-a36c-cce316a722cc;medical_reference\"\u003Eannulus\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The annulus helps to maintain the proper shape of the valve.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves are also supported by tough, fibrous strings called chordae tendineae. These are similar to the strings supporting a parachute. They extend from the valve leaflets to small muscles, called papillary muscles, which are part of the inside walls of the ventricles.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"4\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EParts of the Heart continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBlood vessels\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe major blood vessels connected to your heart are the:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAorta\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESuperior vena cava \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EInferior vena cava \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EPulmonary artery\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EPulmonary veins\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ECoronary arteries\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe \u003C\u002Fspan\u003Epulmonary artery takes oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The pulmonary veins bring \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Ffitness-exercise\u002Fhow-to-increase-blood-oxygen-level\" id=\"0d6bff39-911a-4423-ae68-1a1eb419d332;medical_reference\"\u003Eoxygen-rich blood\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from the lungs to the heart, and the coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"3\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHow Does Blood Flow Through the Heart?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe right and left sides of the heart work together. The pattern described below is repeated over and over, causing blood to flow continuously to the heart, lungs, and body.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERight side of the heart\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EBlood enters the \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart-disease\u002Fvalve-disease-treatments\" id=\"8d32f558-9ae3-453c-abb7-3d2a9843c965;medical_reference\"\u003Eheart\u003C\u002Fa\u003E through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAs the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EWhen the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAs the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery, and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"5\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EHow Does Blood Flow Through the Heart? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELeft side of the heart\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe now-oxygen-rich blood travels through your pulmonary vein and into your left atrium.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAs the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart\u002Fmitral-valve-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment\" id=\"cab0770c-9db1-4252-ac13-db007fcac5cd;medical_reference\"\u003Emitral valve\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EWhen the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAs the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta, and to the body.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis cycle is repeated with every heartbeat. The sound of your heartbeat is the sound of different heart valves closing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHow Does Blood Flow Through Your Lungs?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOnce blood travels through the pulmonic valve, it enters your lungs. This is called the pulmonary circulation. From your pulmonic valve, blood travels to the pulmonary artery to tiny capillary vessels in the lungs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHere, oxygen travels from the tiny air sacs in the lungs, through the walls of the capillaries, into the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Ffitness-exercise\u002Fhow-to-boost-your-metabolism\" crosslinktype=\"Article\" id=\"755c06dd-90a8-43e7-a495-db5dff8cf7c0\"\u003Emetabolism\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, passes from the blood into the air sacs. Carbon dioxide leaves the body when you exhale. Once the blood is purified and oxygenated, it travels back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"6\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWhat Are the Coronary Arteries?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELike all organs, your heart is made of tissue that requires a supply of oxygen and nutrients. Although its chambers are full of blood, the heart receives no nourishment from this blood. The heart receives its own supply of blood from a network of arteries called the coronary arteries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"4\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EWhat Are the Coronary Arteries? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETwo major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe right coronary artery\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood. It usually branches into the posterior descending artery, which supplies the bottom portion of the left ventricle and back of the septum with blood.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe left main coronary artery\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery. The circumflex artery supplies blood to the left atrium, side, and back of the left ventricle, and the left anterior descending artery supplies the front and bottom of the left ventricle and the front of the septum with blood.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"7\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EWhat Are the Coronary Arteries? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen the coronary arteries narrow to the point that blood flow to the heart muscle is limited (\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart-disease\u002Fcoronary-artery-disease\" crosslinktype=\"Article\" id=\"d5d42a17-67c1-42d2-83f1-91a20cfc6c51\"\u003Ecoronary artery disease\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), a network of tiny blood vessels in the heart that aren't usually open called collateral vessels may enlarge and become active. This allows blood to flow around the blocked artery to the heart muscle, protecting the heart tissue from injury.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHow Does the Heart Beat?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe atria and ventricles work together, alternately contracting and relaxing to make the heart beat and pump blood. The electrical system of your heart is the power source that makes this possible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYour heartbeat is triggered by electrical impulses that travel down a special pathway through your heart.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells called the SA node (sinoatrial node), in the right atrium. This node is known as the heart's natural \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart-disease\u002Fpacemaker-implant\" crosslinktype=\"Article\" id=\"63545389-bf74-481d-b8ee-9f94ee6c69f8\"\u003Epacemaker\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EA cluster of cells in the center of the heart between the atria and ventricles, the AV node (atrioventricular node) is like a gate that slows the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles. This delay gives the atria time to contract before the ventricles do.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe His-Purkinje network is a pathway of fibers that sends the impulse to the muscular walls of the ventricles, causing them to contract.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt rest, a normal heart beats around 50 to 99 times a minute in an adult. \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Ffitness-exercise\u002Fhealth-benefits-exercise\" id=\"2a542dc3-5d93-483c-b2bf-d6fca6657ed7;medical_reference\"\u003EExercise\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, emotions, fever, and some medications can cause your heart to beat faster, sometimes to well over 100 beats per minute.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"8\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"5\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003ETakeaways\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYour heart is the pump that makes it possible for blood and oxygen to flow through your body and keep you alive. The heart has four chambers and four valves. The top two chambers (atria) receive blood and the bottom two (ventricles) pump blood out. The valves open to allow blood to flow through and close so that blood can't flow backward. And all of this happens within one heartbeat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHeart Anatomy FAQs\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhere is the human heart located?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt's between your lungs and slightly to the left of your breastbone. The breastbone (sternum) is in the middle of your chest.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhich side of the heart usually fails?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EUsually the left side. When the left ventricle of the heart can no longer pump enough blood around the body, this leads to buildup in the blood vessels that take blood away from the lungs. This is usually caused by heart disease, heart attack, or long-term high blood pressure. Symptoms include shortness of breath or trouble breathing. \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"9\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EHeart Anatomy FAQs continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe right side can also fail (it can't pump enough blood to the lungs), causing buildup of blood in the veins. Often, failure of the right ventricle is caused by failure of the left ventricle first.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow long can you live with 20% heart function?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne measurement of \u003Cspan\u003Ehow much blood your heart pumps out per beat is the ejection fraction (EF). A normal EF is 50%-70%, which means that 50%-70% of the blood in your left ventricle is pumped out with each heartbeat. (It's normal for some blood to be left behind.) A reading of 20% is considered very serious as it means the heart is pumping out much less blood to the body than it should. This is usually caused by heart disease. \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOne 2019 analysis of 60 previous studies (using data on survival rates for 1.5 million people with heart failure) found that about \u003Cspan\u003E57% of patients survived to 5 years and 35% survived to 10 years. Long-term survival depends on many things, like age, sex, and whether you have other health problems. Five-year survival rates had improved greatly from 29% in the 1970s. You can improve your life expectancy by watching your weight, getting more exercise, cutting down on sodium, and stopping smoking and drinking alcohol. \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"10\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"6\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EHeart Anatomy FAQs continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat is the function of the heart valves?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThey open and close so that blood only flows in one direction and doesn't leak backward.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E"},"citations":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003ESOURCES:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003EAmerican Heart Association: \"\u003Cspan\u003EBlood Flow,\" \"Roles of Your Four Heart Valves,\" \"How Can I Improve My Low Ejection Fraction?\"\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMerck Manual: \u003C\u002Fi\u003E\"Biology of the Heart.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003ECleveland Clinic: \"Heart Chambers.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003EEncyclopaedia Britannica: \"Heart.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003EInformedHealth.org: \"\u003Cspan class=\"title\" itemprop=\"name\"\u003EHeart failure: Learn More – Types of heart failure.\"\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"title\" itemprop=\"name\"\u003EUniversity of Rochester: \"What is Ejection Fraction?\"\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp class=\"text8\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"title\" itemprop=\"name\"\u003EWiley Open Access\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"title\" itemprop=\"name\"\u003E: \"Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.\"\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"related_links_header":"","related_links_text":{"#cdata-section":""}}}}}},"staticPublicPath":"\u002Fstatic_vue\u002F091e9c5e81e4870f\u002Fclient\u002F","isInteractivePage":false},"flow":{"flowInfo":false},"quiz":{"rmq":{}}}</script> <script>window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.hash = window.location.hash; window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.fullPath = window.location.pathname; window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.path = window.location.pathname; if(window.location.search !== ""){ var search = window.location.search.substring(1); window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.query=JSON.parse('{"' + search.replace(/&/g, '","').replace(/=/g,'":"') + '"}', function(key, value) { return key===""?value:decodeURIComponent(value) }) } else {window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.query={};}</script><script>try{var _comscore=_comscore||[];_comscore.push({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}}),function(){var e=document.createElement('script'),o=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];e.async=!0,e.src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/6035829/beacon.js',o.parentNode.insertBefore(e,o),window.__INITIAL_STATE__?window.document.addEventListener('before_pv',function(){window.document.addEventListener('onAdobeOmniBeforePv',function(){window.biConsumerIsReady&&self.COMSCORE&&COMSCORE.beacon({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}})})},{once:!0}):window.document.addEventListener('onAdobeOmniBeforePv',function(){self.COMSCORE&&COMSCORE.beacon({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}})})}()}catch(e){}</script><noscript><img src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035829&cv=3.9.1&cj=1'></noscript>  <script id="cookieConsentScriptNonEU" async="async" src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/file-explorer/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/webmd-ccm/webmd-ccm-lite.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="async" importance="high" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" id="GPT_JS"></script><script>window.webmd.googleloaded = true; window.googleloaded = true; </script> <script>window.performance.mark('page-end');</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e4870f/client/css/non-critical-1732570847611.f64d91a6.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e4870f/client/css/pagetype-oncology-1732570847611.b84c3554.css"> </body> </html>