CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Portal:Books - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"14eb53d3-6ec4-4f72-ae95-b169ad95a589","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Portal","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":100,"wgPageName":"Portal:Books","wgTitle":"Books","wgCurRevisionId":1226534573,"wgRevisionId":1226534573,"wgArticleId":4661812,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with Indonesian IPA","Portals with triaged subpages from April 2020","All portals with triaged subpages","Portals with no named maintainer","Pages using sidebar with the child parameter","Automated article-slideshow portals with 51–100 articles in article list","Random portal component with 11–15 available image subpages","Automated article-slideshow portals with 201–500 articles in article list", "Random portal component with 11–15 available subpages","All portals","Arts portals","Books portal","WikiProject Books","Literature portals","Books","Literature"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Portal:Books","wgRelevantArticleId":4661812,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10880143","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.categoryTree.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","mediawiki.page.gallery.slideshow","ext.categoryTree","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.categoryTree.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Portal:Books - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Books"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Books"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-100 ns-subject mw-editable page-Portal_Books rootpage-Portal_Books skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Portal%3ABooks" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Portal%3ABooks" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Portal%3ABooks" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Portal%3ABooks" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Portal</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Books</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="بوابة:كتب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:كتب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:বই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:বই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="درگاه:کتاب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:کتاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%9B%B8%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:書物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:書物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="ද්වාරය:පොත් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:පොත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8" title="دەروازە:کتێب – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:کتێب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Портал:Книги – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Книги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D" title="Portal:書籍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:書籍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10880143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-portal" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="View the subject page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Portal</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal_talk:Books" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Portal:Books" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Portal:Books" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&oldid=1226534573" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPortal%3ABooks"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPortal%3ABooks"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Portal%3ABooks&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Books" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10880143" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikimedia portal</div> <div class="portal-maintenance-status" style="display:none;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/30px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/45px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/60px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><span style="font-size:108%;"><b>Portal maintenance status:</b></span> <small>(April 2020)</small> <ul><li>This portal's <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Books/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Books/">subpages</a> <b>have been checked</b> by an editor, and are needed.</li></ul> <span style="font-size:90%;">Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CAREFUL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CAREFUL">take care</a> when editing, especially if using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ASSISTED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ASSISTED">automated editing software</a>. Learn how to <a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status#How_to_update_the_maintenance_information_for_a_portal" title="Template:Portal maintenance status">update the maintenance information here</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r888483065">.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left{float:left;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right{float:right;width:49%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide{float:left;width:60%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow{float:right;width:39%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide{float:left;width:70%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:right;width:29%}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style><p><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style></p><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div> <div style="padding:10px; background:#f0dc82; border:2px solid #fcc200;"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FIntro&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="The_Books_Portal" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><big>The Books Portal</big></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polygraphiae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johannes Trithemius'Polygraphiae (1518)"><img alt="Johannes Trithemius'Polygraphiae (1518)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polygraphiae.jpg/200px-Polygraphiae.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polygraphiae.jpg/300px-Polygraphiae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Polygraphiae.jpg/400px-Polygraphiae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Trithemius" title="Johannes Trithemius">Johannes Trithemius</a>'<i>Polygraphiae</i> (1518)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:BOOKS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:BOOKS&redirect=no">P:BOOKS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding-bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png/175px-Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png/263px-Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png/350px-Books_and_Scroll_Ornament_with_Open_Book.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">Oral literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_play" title="Folk play">folk play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folksong" class="mw-redirect" title="Folksong">folksong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">heroic epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">Oration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">Performance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoken_word" title="Spoken word">spoken word</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saying" title="Saying">Saying</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Major written forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closet_drama" title="Closet drama">closet drama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">narrative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">Prose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_nonsense" title="Literary nonsense">Nonsense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonsense_verse" title="Nonsense verse">verse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergodic_literature" title="Ergodic literature">Ergodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_literature" title="Electronic literature">Electronic</a></li></ul> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Long prose fiction</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romance_(prose_fiction)" title="Romance (prose fiction)">romance</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Short prose fiction</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelette_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Novelette (literature)">Novelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drabble" title="Drabble">Drabble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_story" title="Sketch story">Sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fiction" title="Flash fiction">Flash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Prose genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">Fiction</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Realist literature">Realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">Genre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_fiction" title="Action fiction">action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_fiction" title="Adventure fiction">adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_fiction" title="Crime fiction">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_literature" title="Erotic literature">erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_literature" title="Fantasy literature">fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_fiction" title="Military fiction">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_novel" title="Romance novel">romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedic_novel" title="Encyclopedic novel">Encyclopedic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">Non-fiction</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anecdote" title="Anecdote">Anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_writing" title="Life writing">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_writing" title="Nature writing">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persuasive_writing" title="Persuasive writing">Persuasive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">Travelogue</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Poetry genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">Narrative</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_poetry" title="Children's poetry">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse_drama_and_dramatic_verse" title="Verse drama and dramatic verse">Dramatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse_novel" title="Verse novel">Verse novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_poetry" title="National poetry">National</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">Lyric</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">Elegy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigram" title="Epigram">Epigram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">Haiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">Ode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasida" title="Qasida">Qasida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">Sonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanelle" title="Villanelle">Villanelle</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epic_poems" title="List of epic poems">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_groups_and_movements" title="List of poetry groups and movements">Groups and movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poets" title="List of poets">Poets</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Dramatic genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">Libretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">Play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_(theatrical_genre)" title="History (theatrical genre)">historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_play" title="Morality play">moral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">Tragicomedy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_literature" title="History of literature">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_literature" title="Ancient literature">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Modernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_literature" title="Postmodern literature">Postmodern</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Lists and outlines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_literature" title="Outline of literature">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_literary_terms" title="Glossary of literary terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_books" title="Lists of books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_writers" title="Lists of writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_movements" title="List of literary movements">Movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_cycles" title="List of literary cycles">Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_awards" title="List of literary awards">Literary awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_awards" title="List of poetry awards">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_story_collection" title="Short story collection">Short story collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_literary_work" title="Lost literary work">Lost literary work</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Literary_theory" title="Literary theory">Theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">criticism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_literature" title="Sociology of literature">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_magazine" title="Literary magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_(language)" title="Composition (language)">Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_language" title="Literary language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_feud" title="Literary feud">Feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_estate" title="Literary estate">Estate</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="display:block; margin-top:0.3em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top:0.15em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/16px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/24px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Literature" title="Template:Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Literature" title="Template talk:Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>A <b><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a></b> is a medium for recording <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a> or images. Modern books are typically in <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a> format, composed of many <a href="/wiki/Page_(paper)" title="Page (paper)">pages</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">bound</a> together and protected by a <a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">cover</a>; they were preceded by several earlier formats, including the <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">tablet</a>. The book <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing</a> process is the series of steps involved in their creation and dissemination. <p>As a conceptual object, a book refers to a written work of substantial length, which may be distributed either physically or digitally as an <a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">ebook</a>. These works can be broadly <a href="/wiki/Library_classification" title="Library classification">classified</a> into <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a> (containing invented content, often narratives) and <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a> (containing content intended as factual truth). A physical book may not contain such a work: for example, it may contain only drawings, engravings, photographs, puzzles, or removable content like <a href="/wiki/Paper_doll" title="Paper doll">paper dolls</a>. It may also be left empty for personal use, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">account books</a>, appointment books, <a href="/wiki/Autograph_book" title="Autograph book">autograph books</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">notebooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diary" title="Diary">diaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sketchbook" title="Sketchbook">sketchbooks</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Books are sold</a> at both regular stores and specialized bookstores, as well as online for delivery, and can be borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">libraries</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">reception</a> of books has led to a number of social consequences, including <a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">censorship</a>. </p><p>The modern book industry has seen several major changes due to new technologies, including ebooks and <a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a> (recordings of books being read aloud). Awareness of the needs of <a href="/wiki/Print_disability" title="Print disability">print-disabled</a> people has led to a rise in <a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">formats designed for greater accessibility</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> printing and <a href="/wiki/Large-print" title="Large-print">large-print</a> editions. <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> estimated in 2010 that approximately 130 million total unique books had been published. (<b><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FRecognized_content&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_articles_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured articles - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/23px-Cscr-featured.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/35px-Cscr-featured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/46px-Cscr-featured.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="158" /></a></span>  <i><small><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">Featured articles</a> are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.</small></i></div> <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r987512734">.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:not(.gallerycarousel)>div>div:nth-child(1){display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Madman's Drum is a wordless novel by American artist Lynd Ward (1905–1985), published in 1930. It is the second of Ward's six wordless novels. The 118 wood-engraved images of Madman's Drum tell the story of a slave trader who steals a demon-faced drum from an African he murders, and the consequences for him and his family. Ward's first wordless novel was Gods' Man of 1929. Ward was more ambitious with his second work in the medium: the characters are more nuanced, the plot more developed and complicated, and the outrage at social injustice more explicit. Ward used a wider variety of carving tools to achieve a finer degree of detail in the artwork, and was expressive in his use of symbolism and exaggerated emotional facial expressions. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Madman's Drum is a wordless novel by American artist Lynd Ward (1905–1985), published in 1930. It is the second of Ward's six wordless novels. The 118 wood-engraved images of Madman's Drum tell the story of a slave trader who steals a demon-faced drum from an African he murders, and the consequences for him and his family. Ward's first wordless novel was Gods' Man of 1929. Ward was more ambitious with his second work in the medium: the characters are more nuanced, the plot more developed and complicated, and the outrage at social injustice more explicit. Ward used a wider variety of carving tools to achieve a finer degree of detail in the artwork, and was expressive in his use of symbolism and exaggerated emotional facial expressions. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madman%27s_Drum" title="Madman's Drum">Madman's Drum</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Wordless_novel" title="Wordless novel">wordless novel</a> by American artist <a href="/wiki/Lynd_Ward" title="Lynd Ward">Lynd Ward</a> (1905–1985), published in 1930. It is the second of Ward's six wordless novels. The 118 <a href="/wiki/Wood_engraving" title="Wood engraving">wood-engraved</a> images of <i>Madman's Drum</i> tell the story of a slave trader who steals a demon-faced drum from an African he murders, and the consequences for him and his family.<br /><br />Ward's first wordless novel was <i><a href="/wiki/Gods%27_Man" title="Gods' Man">Gods' Man</a></i> of 1929. Ward was more ambitious with his second work in the medium: the characters are more nuanced, the plot more developed and complicated, and the outrage at social injustice more explicit. Ward used a wider variety of carving tools to achieve a finer degree of detail in the artwork, and was expressive in his use of symbolism and exaggerated emotional facial expressions. (<b><a href="/wiki/Madman%27s_Drum" title="Madman's Drum">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Lemurs of Madagascar is a 2010 reference work and field guide for the lemurs of Madagascar, giving descriptions and biogeographic data for the known species. The primary contributor is Russell Mittermeier, president of Conservation International, and the cover art and illustrations are drawn by Stephen D. Nash. Currently in its third edition, the book provides details about all known lemur species, general information about lemurs and their history, and tips for identifying species. Four related pocket field guides have also been released, containing color illustrations of each species, miniature range maps, and species checklists. The first edition was reviewed favorably in the International Journal of Primatology, Conservation Biology, and Lemur News. Reviewers, including Alison Jolly, praised the book for its depth of coverage, illustrations, and discussion of topics including conservation, evolution, and the recently extinct subfossil lemurs. Each agreed that the book was an excellent resource for a wide audience, including ecotourists and lemur researchers. A lengthy review of the second edition was published in the American Journal of Primatology, where it received similar favorable comments. The third edition was reviewed favorably in Lemur News; the reviewer praised the expanded content of the book but was concerned that the edition was not as portable as its predecessors. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Lemurs of Madagascar is a 2010 reference work and field guide for the lemurs of Madagascar, giving descriptions and biogeographic data for the known species. The primary contributor is Russell Mittermeier, president of Conservation International, and the cover art and illustrations are drawn by Stephen D. Nash. Currently in its third edition, the book provides details about all known lemur species, general information about lemurs and their history, and tips for identifying species. Four related pocket field guides have also been released, containing color illustrations of each species, miniature range maps, and species checklists. The first edition was reviewed favorably in the International Journal of Primatology, Conservation Biology, and Lemur News. Reviewers, including Alison Jolly, praised the book for its depth of coverage, illustrations, and discussion of topics including conservation, evolution, and the recently extinct subfossil lemurs. Each agreed that the book was an excellent resource for a wide audience, including ecotourists and lemur researchers. A lengthy review of the second edition was published in the American Journal of Primatology, where it received similar favorable comments. The third edition was reviewed favorably in Lemur News; the reviewer praised the expanded content of the book but was concerned that the edition was not as portable as its predecessors. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lemurs_of_Madagascar_(book)" title="Lemurs of Madagascar (book)"><i>Lemurs of Madagascar</i></a></b> is a 2010 <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference work</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_guide" title="Field guide">field guide</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Lemur" title="Lemur">lemurs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, giving descriptions and biogeographic data for the known species. The primary contributor is <a href="/wiki/Russell_Mittermeier" title="Russell Mittermeier">Russell Mittermeier</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a>, and the cover art and illustrations are drawn by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Nash_(illustrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen D. Nash (illustrator)">Stephen D. Nash</a>. Currently in its third edition, the book provides details about all known <a href="/wiki/List_of_lemuroids" title="List of lemuroids">lemur species</a>, general information about lemurs and their history, and tips for identifying species. Four related pocket field guides have also been released, containing color illustrations of each species, miniature range maps, and species checklists.<br /><br />The first edition was reviewed favorably in the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Primatology" title="International Journal of Primatology">International Journal of Primatology</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Conservation_Biology_(journal)" title="Conservation Biology (journal)">Conservation Biology</a></i>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemur_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemur News (page does not exist)">Lemur News</a></i>. Reviewers, including <a href="/wiki/Alison_Jolly" title="Alison Jolly">Alison Jolly</a>, praised the book for its depth of coverage, illustrations, and discussion of topics including conservation, evolution, and the recently extinct <a href="/wiki/Subfossil_lemur" title="Subfossil lemur">subfossil lemurs</a>. Each agreed that the book was an excellent resource for a wide audience, including <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourists</a> and lemur researchers. A lengthy review of the second edition was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Primatology" title="American Journal of Primatology">American Journal of Primatology</a></i>, where it received similar favorable comments. The third edition was reviewed favorably in <i>Lemur News</i>; the reviewer praised the expanded content of the book but was concerned that the edition was not as portable as its predecessors. (<b><a href="/wiki/Lemurs_of_Madagascar_(book)" title="Lemurs of Madagascar (book)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Title page from the first edition of Letters (1796) Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796) is a personal travel narrative by the eighteenth-century British feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft. The twenty-five letters cover a wide range of topics, from sociological reflections on Scandinavia and its peoples to philosophical questions regarding identity. Published by Wollstonecraft's career-long publisher, Joseph Johnson, it was the last work issued during her lifetime. Wollstonecraft undertook her tour of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark in order to retrieve a stolen treasure ship for her lover, Gilbert Imlay. Believing that the journey would restore their strained relationship, she eagerly set off. However, over the course of the three months she spent in Scandinavia, she realized that Imlay had no intention of renewing the relationship. The letters, which constitute the text, drawn from her journal and from missives she sent to Imlay, reflect her anger and melancholy over his repeated betrayals. Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark is therefore both a travel narrative and an autobiographical memoir. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Title page from the first edition of Letters (1796) Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796) is a personal travel narrative by the eighteenth-century British feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft. The twenty-five letters cover a wide range of topics, from sociological reflections on Scandinavia and its peoples to philosophical questions regarding identity. Published by Wollstonecraft's career-long publisher, Joseph Johnson, it was the last work issued during her lifetime. Wollstonecraft undertook her tour of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark in order to retrieve a stolen treasure ship for her lover, Gilbert Imlay. Believing that the journey would restore their strained relationship, she eagerly set off. However, over the course of the three months she spent in Scandinavia, she realized that Imlay had no intention of renewing the relationship. The letters, which constitute the text, drawn from her journal and from missives she sent to Imlay, reflect her anger and melancholy over his repeated betrayals. Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark is therefore both a travel narrative and an autobiographical memoir. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WollstonecraftSweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Page reads "Letters Written During a Short Residence in Swiden, Norway, and Denmark. By Mary Wollstonecraft. London: Printed for J. Johnson, St. Paul's Church-Yard. 1796."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/WollstonecraftSweden.jpg/220px-WollstonecraftSweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/WollstonecraftSweden.jpg/330px-WollstonecraftSweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/WollstonecraftSweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Title page from the first edition of <i>Letters</i> (1796)</figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Letters_Written_in_Sweden,_Norway,_and_Denmark" title="Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark"><i>Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark</i></a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1796_in_literature" title="1796 in literature">1796</a>) is a personal <a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travel narrative</a> by the eighteenth-century British <a href="/wiki/18th-century_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="18th-century feminism">feminist</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>. The twenty-five letters cover a wide range of topics, from sociological reflections on <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> and its peoples to philosophical questions regarding identity. Published by Wollstonecraft's career-long publisher, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Johnson_(publisher)" title="Joseph Johnson (publisher)">Joseph Johnson</a>, it was the last work issued during her lifetime.<br /><br />Wollstonecraft undertook her tour of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark in order to retrieve a stolen treasure ship for her lover, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Imlay" title="Gilbert Imlay">Gilbert Imlay</a>. Believing that the journey would restore their strained relationship, she eagerly set off. However, over the course of the three months she spent in Scandinavia, she realized that Imlay had no intention of renewing the relationship. The letters, which constitute the text, drawn from her journal and from missives she sent to Imlay, reflect her anger and melancholy over his repeated betrayals. <i>Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark</i> is therefore both a travel narrative and an autobiographical <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Letters_Written_in_Sweden,_Norway,_and_Denmark" title="Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Title page of the 1859 edition On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life) is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin that is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. It was published on 24 November 1859. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection although Lamarckism was also included as a mechanism of lesser importance. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. Various evolutionary ideas had already been proposed to explain new findings in biology. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science was part of natural theology. Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Title page of the 1859 edition On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life) is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin that is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. It was published on 24 November 1859. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection although Lamarckism was also included as a mechanism of lesser importance. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. Various evolutionary ideas had already been proposed to explain new findings in biology. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science was part of natural theology. Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/220px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/330px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg/440px-Origin_of_Species_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Title page of the 1859 edition</div></div></div></div><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></b></i> (or, more completely, <i><b>On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life</b></i>) is a work of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific literature</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> that is considered to be the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionary biology</a>. It was published on 24 November 1859. Darwin's book introduced the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_theory" title="Scientific theory">scientific theory</a> that populations <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolve</a> over the course of generations through a process of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a> although <a href="/wiki/Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckism</a> was also included as a mechanism of lesser importance. The book presented a body of evidence that <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">the diversity of life</a> arose by <a href="/wiki/Common_descent" title="Common descent">common descent</a> through a <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree of life (science)">branching pattern of evolution</a>. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on <a href="/wiki/Second_voyage_of_HMS_Beagle" title="Second voyage of HMS Beagle">the <i>Beagle</i> expedition</a> in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_thought" title="History of evolutionary thought">Various evolutionary ideas</a> had already been proposed to explain <a href="/wiki/History_of_biology" title="History of biology">new findings in biology</a>. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, while science was part of <a href="/wiki/Natural_theology" title="Natural theology">natural theology</a>. Ideas about the <a href="/wiki/Transmutation_of_species" title="Transmutation of species">transmutation of species</a> were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream. (<b><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 A Journey is a memoir by Tony Blair of his tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Published in the UK on 1 September 2010, it covers events from when he became leader of the Labour Party in 1994 and transformed it into "New Labour", holding power for a party record three successive terms, to his resignation and replacement as prime minister by his Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown. Blair donated his £4.6-million advance, and all subsequent royalties, to the British Armed Forces charity the Royal British Legion. It became the fastest-selling autobiography of all time at the bookstore chain Waterstones. Promotional events were marked by anti-war protests. Two of the book's major topics are the strains in Blair's relationship with Brown after Blair allegedly reneged on the pair's 1994 agreement to step down as prime minister much earlier, and his controversial decision to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Blair discusses Labour's future following the 2010 general election, his relations with the Royal Family, and how he came to respect President of the United States George W. Bush. Reviews were mixed; some criticised Blair's writing style, but others called it candid. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 A Journey is a memoir by Tony Blair of his tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Published in the UK on 1 September 2010, it covers events from when he became leader of the Labour Party in 1994 and transformed it into "New Labour", holding power for a party record three successive terms, to his resignation and replacement as prime minister by his Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown. Blair donated his £4.6-million advance, and all subsequent royalties, to the British Armed Forces charity the Royal British Legion. It became the fastest-selling autobiography of all time at the bookstore chain Waterstones. Promotional events were marked by anti-war protests. Two of the book's major topics are the strains in Blair's relationship with Brown after Blair allegedly reneged on the pair's 1994 agreement to step down as prime minister much earlier, and his controversial decision to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Blair discusses Labour's future following the 2010 general election, his relations with the Royal Family, and how he came to respect President of the United States George W. Bush. Reviews were mixed; some criticised Blair's writing style, but others called it candid. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/A_Journey" title="A Journey">A Journey</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> of his tenure as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>. Published in the UK on 1 September 2010, it covers events from when he <a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">became leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> in 1994 and transformed it into "<a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a>", holding power for a party record <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Tony_Blair" title="Premiership of Tony Blair">three successive terms</a>, to <a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">his resignation and replacement</a> as prime minister by his <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>. Blair donated his £4.6-million <a href="/wiki/Advance_against_royalties" title="Advance against royalties">advance</a>, and all subsequent <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> charity the <a href="/wiki/Royal_British_Legion" title="Royal British Legion">Royal British Legion</a>. It became the fastest-selling autobiography of all time at the bookstore chain <a href="/wiki/Waterstones" title="Waterstones">Waterstones</a>. Promotional events were marked by anti-war protests.<br /><br />Two of the book's major topics are the strains in Blair's relationship with Brown after Blair allegedly reneged on the pair's <a href="/wiki/Blair%E2%80%93Brown_deal" title="Blair–Brown deal">1994 agreement</a> to step down as prime minister much earlier, and his <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">controversial decision</a> to participate in the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. Blair discusses Labour's future following the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, his relations with the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">Royal Family</a>, and how he came to respect <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. Reviews were mixed; some criticised Blair's writing style, but others called it candid. (<b><a href="/wiki/A_Journey" title="A Journey">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Title page from the second edition of A Vindication of the Rights of Men, the first to carry Wollstonecraft's name A Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke; Occasioned by His Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) is a political pamphlet, written by the 18th-century British writer and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft, which attacks aristocracy and advocates republicanism. Wollstonecraft's was the first response in a pamphlet war sparked by the publication of Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), a defense of constitutional monarchy, aristocracy, and the Church of England. Wollstonecraft attacked not only hereditary privilege, but also the rhetoric that Burke used to defend it. Most of Burke's detractors deplored what they viewed as his theatrical pity for Marie Antoinette, but Wollstonecraft was unique in her love of Burke's gendered language. By saying the sublime and the beautiful, terms first established by Burke himself in A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1756), she kept his rhetoric as well as his argument. In her first unabashedly feminist critique, which Wollstonecraft scholar Claudia Johnson describes as unsurpassed in its argumentative force, Wollstonecraft indicts Burke's justification of an equal society founded on the passivity of women. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Title page from the second edition of A Vindication of the Rights of Men, the first to carry Wollstonecraft's name A Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke; Occasioned by His Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) is a political pamphlet, written by the 18th-century British writer and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft, which attacks aristocracy and advocates republicanism. Wollstonecraft's was the first response in a pamphlet war sparked by the publication of Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), a defense of constitutional monarchy, aristocracy, and the Church of England. Wollstonecraft attacked not only hereditary privilege, but also the rhetoric that Burke used to defend it. Most of Burke's detractors deplored what they viewed as his theatrical pity for Marie Antoinette, but Wollstonecraft was unique in her love of Burke's gendered language. By saying the sublime and the beautiful, terms first established by Burke himself in A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1756), she kept his rhetoric as well as his argument. In her first unabashedly feminist critique, which Wollstonecraft scholar Claudia Johnson describes as unsurpassed in its argumentative force, Wollstonecraft indicts Burke's justification of an equal society founded on the passivity of women. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WollstonecraftVRM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Page reads "A Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke; Occasioned by His Reflections on the Revolution in France. By Mary Wollstonecraft. The Second Edition. London: Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church-Yard. M.DCC.XC."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WollstonecraftVRM.jpg/220px-WollstonecraftVRM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="415" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WollstonecraftVRM.jpg/330px-WollstonecraftVRM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WollstonecraftVRM.jpg/440px-WollstonecraftVRM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="2679" /></a><figcaption>Title page from the second edition of <i>A Vindication of the Rights of Men</i>, the first to carry <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft's</a> name</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><b><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Men" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Men"><i>A Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke; Occasioned by His Reflections on the Revolution in France</i></a></b> (1790) is a political <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlet</a>, written by the 18th-century British writer and women's rights advocate <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>, which attacks <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a> and advocates <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a>. Wollstonecraft's was the first response in a <a href="/wiki/Revolution_Controversy" title="Revolution Controversy">pamphlet war</a> sparked by the publication of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_the_Revolution_in_France" title="Reflections on the Revolution in France">Reflections on the Revolution in France</a></i> (1790), a defense of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy#England,_Scotland_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, aristocracy, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<br /><br />Wollstonecraft attacked not only hereditary privilege, but also the rhetoric that Burke used to defend it. Most of Burke's detractors deplored what they viewed as his theatrical pity for <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, but Wollstonecraft was unique in her love of Burke's gendered language. By saying the <i><a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">sublime</a></i> and the <i>beautiful</i>, terms first established by Burke himself in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Philosophical_Enquiry_into_the_Origin_of_Our_Ideas_of_the_Sublime_and_Beautiful" title="A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful">A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful</a></i> (1756), she kept his rhetoric as well as his argument. In her first unabashedly feminist critique, which Wollstonecraft scholar <a href="/wiki/Claudia_L._Johnson_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudia L. Johnson (scholar)">Claudia Johnson</a> describes as unsurpassed in its argumentative force, Wollstonecraft indicts Burke's justification of an equal society founded on the passivity of women. (<b><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Men" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Men">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang ([buˈŋa ˈrus daˈri tʃiˈkəmbaŋ]; translated to English as The Rose of Cikembang) is a 1927 vernacular Malay-language novel written by Kwee Tek Hoay. The seventeen-chapter book follows a plantation manager, Aij Tjeng, who must leave his beloved njai (concubine) Marsiti so that he can be married. Eighteen years later, after Aij Tjeng's daughter Lily dies, her fiancé Bian Koen discovers that Marsiti had a daughter with Aij Tjeng, Roosminah, who greatly resembles Lily. In the end Bian Koen and Roosminah are married. Inspired by the lyrics to the song "If Those Lips Could Only Speak" and William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang was initially written as an outline for the stage drama troupe Union Dalia. Kwee intermixed several languages other than Malay, particularly Dutch, Sundanese, and English; he included two quotes from English poems and another from an English song. The novel has been interpreted variously as a promotion of theosophy, a treatise on the Buddhist concept of reincarnation, a call for education, an ode to njais, and a condemnation of how such women are treated. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang ([buˈŋa ˈrus daˈri tʃiˈkəmbaŋ]; translated to English as The Rose of Cikembang) is a 1927 vernacular Malay-language novel written by Kwee Tek Hoay. The seventeen-chapter book follows a plantation manager, Aij Tjeng, who must leave his beloved njai (concubine) Marsiti so that he can be married. Eighteen years later, after Aij Tjeng's daughter Lily dies, her fiancé Bian Koen discovers that Marsiti had a daughter with Aij Tjeng, Roosminah, who greatly resembles Lily. In the end Bian Koen and Roosminah are married. Inspired by the lyrics to the song "If Those Lips Could Only Speak" and William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang was initially written as an outline for the stage drama troupe Union Dalia. Kwee intermixed several languages other than Malay, particularly Dutch, Sundanese, and English; he included two quotes from English poems and another from an English song. The novel has been interpreted variously as a promotion of theosophy, a treatise on the Buddhist concept of reincarnation, a call for education, an ode to njais, and a condemnation of how such women are treated. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Boenga_Roos_dari_Tjikembang_(novel)" title="Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang (novel)"><i>Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang</i></a></b> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="id-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[buˈŋa<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈrus<span class="wrap"> </span>daˈri<span class="wrap"> </span>tʃiˈkəmbaŋ]</a></span>; translated to English as <i><b>The Rose of Cikembang</b></i>) is a 1927 <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">vernacular Malay-language</a> novel written by <a href="/wiki/Kwee_Tek_Hoay" title="Kwee Tek Hoay">Kwee Tek Hoay</a>. The seventeen-chapter book follows a plantation manager, Aij Tjeng, who must leave his beloved <i><a href="/wiki/Njai" title="Njai">njai</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubine</a>) Marsiti so that he can be married. Eighteen years later, after Aij Tjeng's daughter Lily dies, her fiancé Bian Koen discovers that Marsiti had a daughter with Aij Tjeng, Roosminah, who greatly resembles Lily. In the end Bian Koen and Roosminah are married.<br /><br />Inspired by the lyrics to the song "<a href="/wiki/If_Those_Lips_Could_Only_Speak" title="If Those Lips Could Only Speak">If Those Lips Could Only Speak</a>" and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i>, <i>Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang</i> was initially written as an outline for the stage drama troupe Union Dalia. Kwee intermixed several languages other than Malay, particularly Dutch, <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a>, and English; he included two quotes from English poems and another from an English song. The novel has been interpreted variously as a promotion of <a href="/wiki/Theosophy_(Blavatskian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy (Blavatskian)">theosophy</a>, a treatise on the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> concept of <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a>, a call for education, an ode to <i>njais</i>, and a condemnation of how such women are treated. (<b><a href="/wiki/Boenga_Roos_dari_Tjikembang_(novel)" title="Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang (novel)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Stone commemorative marker at Literary Hall in Romney, West Virginia The Romney Literary Society (also known as the Literary Society of Romney) existed from January 30, 1819, to February 15, 1886, in Romney, West Virginia. Established as the Polemic Society of Romney, it became the first organization of its kind in the present-day state of West Virginia, and one of the first in the United States. The society was founded by nine prominent men of Romney with the objectives of advancing literature and science, purchasing and maintaining a library, and improving educational opportunities. The society debated an extensive range of scientific and social topics, often violating its own rules which banned religious and political subjects. Even though its membership was relatively small, its debates and activities were frequently discussed throughout the Potomac Highlands region, and the organization greatly influenced trends of thought in the Romney community and surrounding areas. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Stone commemorative marker at Literary Hall in Romney, West Virginia The Romney Literary Society (also known as the Literary Society of Romney) existed from January 30, 1819, to February 15, 1886, in Romney, West Virginia. Established as the Polemic Society of Romney, it became the first organization of its kind in the present-day state of West Virginia, and one of the first in the United States. The society was founded by nine prominent men of Romney with the objectives of advancing literature and science, purchasing and maintaining a library, and improving educational opportunities. The society debated an extensive range of scientific and social topics, often violating its own rules which banned religious and political subjects. Even though its membership was relatively small, its debates and activities were frequently discussed throughout the Potomac Highlands region, and the organization greatly influenced trends of thought in the Romney community and surrounding areas. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg/220px-Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg/330px-Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg/440px-Literary_Hall_Romney_WV_2013_07_14_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Stone commemorative marker at <a href="/wiki/Literary_Hall" title="Literary Hall">Literary Hall</a> in Romney, West Virginia</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Romney_Literary_Society" title="Romney Literary Society">Romney Literary Society</a></b> (also known as the <b>Literary Society of Romney</b>) existed from January 30, 1819, to February 15, 1886, in <a href="/wiki/Romney,_West_Virginia" title="Romney, West Virginia">Romney, West Virginia</a>. Established as the <b>Polemic Society of Romney</b>, it became the first organization of its kind in the present-day state of West Virginia, and one of the first in the United States. The society was founded by nine prominent men of Romney with the objectives of advancing literature and science, purchasing and maintaining a library, and improving educational opportunities.<br /><br />The society debated an extensive range of scientific and social topics, often violating its own rules which banned religious and political subjects. Even though its membership was relatively small, its debates and activities were frequently discussed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_Highlands_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Potomac Highlands of West Virginia">Potomac Highlands</a> region, and the organization greatly influenced trends of thought in the Romney community and surrounding areas. (<b><a href="/wiki/Romney_Literary_Society" title="Romney Literary Society">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 The Heart of a Woman (1981) is an autobiography by American writer Maya Angelou. The book is the fourth installment in Angelou's series of seven autobiographies. The Heart of a Woman recounts events in Angelou's life between 1957 and 1962 and follows her travels to California, New York City, Cairo, and Ghana as she raises her teenage son, becomes a published author, becomes active in the civil rights movement, and becomes romantically involved with a South African anti-apartheid fighter. One of the most important themes of The Heart of a Woman is motherhood, as Angelou continues to raise her son. The book ends with her son leaving for college and Angelou looking forward to newfound independence and freedom. Like Angelou's previous volumes, the book has been described as autobiographical fiction, though most critics, as well as Angelou, have characterized it as autobiography. Although most critics consider Angelou's first autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings more favorably, The Heart of a Woman has received positive reviews. It was chosen as an Oprah's Book Club selection in 1997. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 The Heart of a Woman (1981) is an autobiography by American writer Maya Angelou. The book is the fourth installment in Angelou's series of seven autobiographies. The Heart of a Woman recounts events in Angelou's life between 1957 and 1962 and follows her travels to California, New York City, Cairo, and Ghana as she raises her teenage son, becomes a published author, becomes active in the civil rights movement, and becomes romantically involved with a South African anti-apartheid fighter. One of the most important themes of The Heart of a Woman is motherhood, as Angelou continues to raise her son. The book ends with her son leaving for college and Angelou looking forward to newfound independence and freedom. Like Angelou's previous volumes, the book has been described as autobiographical fiction, though most critics, as well as Angelou, have characterized it as autobiography. Although most critics consider Angelou's first autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings more favorably, The Heart of a Woman has received positive reviews. It was chosen as an Oprah's Book Club selection in 1997. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Woman" title="The Heart of a Woman">The Heart of a Woman</a></b></i> (1981) is an <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a> by American writer <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>. The book is the fourth installment in Angelou's series of seven autobiographies. <i>The Heart of a Woman</i> recounts events in Angelou's life between 1957 and 1962 and follows her travels to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> as she raises her teenage son, becomes a published author, becomes active in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, and becomes romantically involved with a South African <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">anti-apartheid</a> fighter. One of the most important themes of <i>The Heart of a Woman</i> is motherhood, as Angelou continues to raise her son. The book ends with her son leaving for college and Angelou looking forward to newfound independence and freedom.<br /><br />Like Angelou's previous volumes, the book has been described as <a href="/wiki/Biography_in_literature" title="Biography in literature">autobiographical fiction</a>, though most critics, as well as Angelou, have characterized it as autobiography. Although most critics consider Angelou's first autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a></i> more favorably, <i>The Heart of a Woman</i> has received positive reviews. It was chosen as an <a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Book_Club" title="Oprah's Book Club">Oprah's Book Club</a> selection in 1997. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Woman" title="The Heart of a Woman">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Gather Together in My Name is a 1974 memoir by American writer and poet Maya Angelou. It is the second book in Angelou's series of seven autobiographies. Written three years after the publication of and beginning immediately following the events described in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, it follows Angelou, called Rita, from the ages of 17 to 19. The title is taken from the Bible, but also conveys how one Black female lived in the white-dominated society of the U.S. following World War II. Angelou expands upon many themes that she started discussing in her first autobiography, including motherhood and family, racism, identity, education and literacy. Rita becomes closer to her mother in this book, and goes through a variety of jobs and relationships as she tries to provide for her young son and find her place in the world. Angelou continues to discuss racism in Gather Together, but moves from speaking for all Black women to describing how one young woman dealt with it. The book exhibits the narcissism of young people, but describes how Rita discovers her identity. Like many of Angelou's autobiographies, Gather Together is concerned with Angelou's on-going self-education. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Gather Together in My Name is a 1974 memoir by American writer and poet Maya Angelou. It is the second book in Angelou's series of seven autobiographies. Written three years after the publication of and beginning immediately following the events described in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, it follows Angelou, called Rita, from the ages of 17 to 19. The title is taken from the Bible, but also conveys how one Black female lived in the white-dominated society of the U.S. following World War II. Angelou expands upon many themes that she started discussing in her first autobiography, including motherhood and family, racism, identity, education and literacy. Rita becomes closer to her mother in this book, and goes through a variety of jobs and relationships as she tries to provide for her young son and find her place in the world. Angelou continues to discuss racism in Gather Together, but moves from speaking for all Black women to describing how one young woman dealt with it. The book exhibits the narcissism of young people, but describes how Rita discovers her identity. Like many of Angelou's autobiographies, Gather Together is concerned with Angelou's on-going self-education. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover,_1974_first_edition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover%2C_1974_first_edition.jpg/220px-Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover%2C_1974_first_edition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover%2C_1974_first_edition.jpg/330px-Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover%2C_1974_first_edition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover%2C_1974_first_edition.jpg/440px-Gather_Together_in_My_Name_front_cover%2C_1974_first_edition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gather_Together_in_My_Name" title="Gather Together in My Name">Gather Together in My Name</a></b></i> is a 1974 <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> by American writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>. It is the second book in Angelou's series of seven autobiographies. Written three years after the publication of and beginning immediately following the events described in <i><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a></i>, it follows Angelou, called Rita, from the ages of 17 to 19. The title is taken from the Bible, but also conveys how one Black female lived in the white-dominated society of the U.S. following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. <br /><br />Angelou expands upon many themes that she started discussing in her first autobiography, including motherhood and family, racism, identity, education and literacy. Rita becomes closer to her mother in this book, and goes through a variety of jobs and relationships as she tries to provide for her young son and find her place in the world. Angelou continues to discuss racism in <i>Gather Together</i>, but moves from speaking for all Black women to describing how one young woman dealt with it. The book exhibits the <a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a> of young people, but describes how Rita discovers her identity. Like many of Angelou's autobiographies, <i>Gather Together</i> is concerned with Angelou's on-going self-education. (<b><a href="/wiki/Gather_Together_in_My_Name" title="Gather Together in My Name">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 John Vanbrugh (1664–1726), author of The Relapse, by Godfrey Kneller The Relapse, or, Virtue in Danger is a Restoration comedy from 1696 written by John Vanbrugh. The play is a sequel to Colley Cibber's Love's Last Shift, or, The Fool in Fashion. In Cibber's Love's Last Shift, a free-living Restoration rake is brought to repentance and reform by the ruses of his wife, while in The Relapse, the rake succumbs again to temptation and has a new love affair. His virtuous wife is also subjected to a determined seduction attempt, and resists with difficulty. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 John Vanbrugh (1664–1726), author of The Relapse, by Godfrey Kneller The Relapse, or, Virtue in Danger is a Restoration comedy from 1696 written by John Vanbrugh. The play is a sequel to Colley Cibber's Love's Last Shift, or, The Fool in Fashion. In Cibber's Love's Last Shift, a free-living Restoration rake is brought to repentance and reform by the ruses of his wife, while in The Relapse, the rake succumbs again to temptation and has a new love affair. His virtuous wife is also subjected to a determined seduction attempt, and resists with difficulty. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Vanbrugh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/John_Vanbrugh.jpg/220px-John_Vanbrugh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/John_Vanbrugh.jpg/330px-John_Vanbrugh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/John_Vanbrugh.jpg/440px-John_Vanbrugh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Vanbrugh" title="John Vanbrugh">John Vanbrugh</a> (1664–1726), author of <i>The Relapse</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Kneller" title="Godfrey Kneller">Godfrey Kneller</a></figcaption></figure><br /><br /><b><a href="/wiki/The_Relapse" title="The Relapse"><i>The Relapse, or, Virtue in Danger</i></a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration comedy</a> from 1696 written by <a href="/wiki/John_Vanbrugh" title="John Vanbrugh">John Vanbrugh</a>. The play is a sequel to <a href="/wiki/Colley_Cibber" title="Colley Cibber">Colley Cibber</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Last_Shift" title="Love's Last Shift">Love's Last Shift, or, The Fool in Fashion</a></i>.<br /><br />In Cibber's <i>Love's Last Shift</i>, a free-living <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (England)">Restoration</a> <a href="/wiki/Rake_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rake (character)">rake</a> is brought to repentance and reform by the ruses of his wife, while in <i>The Relapse</i>, the rake succumbs again to temptation and has a new love affair. His virtuous wife is also subjected to a determined seduction attempt, and resists with difficulty. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Relapse" title="The Relapse">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Title page from the first edition of Original Stories (1788) Original Stories from Real Life; with Conversations Calculated to Regulate the Affections, and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness is the only complete work of children's literature by the 18th-century English feminist author Mary Wollstonecraft. Original Stories begins with a frame story that sketches out the education of two young girls by their maternal teacher Mrs. Mason, followed by a series of didactic tales. The book was first published by Joseph Johnson in 1788; a second, illustrated edition, with engravings by William Blake, was released in 1791 and remained in print for around a quarter of a century. In Original Stories, Wollstonecraft employed the then-burgeoning genre of children's literature to promote the education of women and an emerging middle-class ideology. She argued that women would be able to become rational adults if they were educated properly as children, which was not a widely held belief in the 18th century, and contended that the nascent middle-class ethos was superior to the court culture represented by fairy tales and to the values of chance and luck found in chapbook stories for the poor. Wollstonecraft, in developing her own pedagogy, also responded to the works of the two most important educational theorists of the 18th century: John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Title page from the first edition of Original Stories (1788) Original Stories from Real Life; with Conversations Calculated to Regulate the Affections, and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness is the only complete work of children's literature by the 18th-century English feminist author Mary Wollstonecraft. Original Stories begins with a frame story that sketches out the education of two young girls by their maternal teacher Mrs. Mason, followed by a series of didactic tales. The book was first published by Joseph Johnson in 1788; a second, illustrated edition, with engravings by William Blake, was released in 1791 and remained in print for around a quarter of a century. In Original Stories, Wollstonecraft employed the then-burgeoning genre of children's literature to promote the education of women and an emerging middle-class ideology. She argued that women would be able to become rational adults if they were educated properly as children, which was not a widely held belief in the 18th century, and contended that the nascent middle-class ethos was superior to the court culture represented by fairy tales and to the values of chance and luck found in chapbook stories for the poor. Wollstonecraft, in developing her own pedagogy, also responded to the works of the two most important educational theorists of the 18th century: John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OriginalStoriesTitle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Page reads "Original Stories, from Real Life; with Conversations, Calculated to Regulate the Affections, and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness. London: Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church-Yard. M.DCC.LXXVIII."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/OriginalStoriesTitle.png/220px-OriginalStoriesTitle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="414" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/OriginalStoriesTitle.png 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Title page from the first edition of <i>Original Stories</i> (1788)</figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Original_Stories_from_Real_Life" title="Original Stories from Real Life"><i>Original Stories from Real Life; with Conversations Calculated to Regulate the Affections, and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness</i></a></b> is the only complete work of <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a> by the 18th-century English <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> author <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>. <i>Original Stories</i> begins with a <a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">frame story</a> that sketches out the education of two young girls by their maternal teacher Mrs. Mason, followed by a series of <a href="/wiki/Didacticism" title="Didacticism">didactic</a> tales. The book was first published by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Johnson_(publisher)" title="Joseph Johnson (publisher)">Joseph Johnson</a> in <a href="/wiki/1788_in_literature" title="1788 in literature">1788</a>; a second, illustrated edition, with engravings by <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, was released in 1791 and remained in print for around a quarter of a century.<br /><br />In <i>Original Stories</i>, Wollstonecraft employed the then-burgeoning genre of children's literature to promote the education of women and an emerging <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle-class</a> ideology. She argued that women would be able to become rational adults if they were educated properly as children, which was not a widely held belief in the 18th century, and contended that the nascent middle-class ethos was superior to the court culture represented by <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy tales">fairy tales</a> and to the values of chance and luck found in <a href="/wiki/Chapbook" title="Chapbook">chapbook</a> stories for the poor. Wollstonecraft, in developing her own pedagogy, also responded to the works of the two most important educational theorists of the 18th century: <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Original_Stories_from_Real_Life" title="Original Stories from Real Life">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 The World Without Us is a 2007 non-fiction book about what would happen to the natural and built environment if humans suddenly disappeared, written by American journalist Alan Weisman and published by St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books. It is a book-length expansion of Weisman's own February 2005 Discover article "Earth Without People". Written largely as a thought experiment, it outlines, for example, how cities and houses would deteriorate, how long man-made artifacts would last, and how remaining lifeforms would evolve. Weisman concludes that residential neighborhoods would become forests within 500 years, and that radioactive waste, bronze statues, plastics and Mount Rushmore would be among the longest-lasting evidence of human presence on Earth. The author of four previous books and numerous articles for magazines, Weisman had traveled to interview academics, scientists and other authorities. He used quotations from these interviews to explain the effects of the natural environment and to substantiate predictions. The book has been translated and published in many countries. It was successful in the U.S., reaching #6 on the New York Times Best Seller list and #1 on the San Francisco Chronicle Best-Sellers list in September 2007. It ranked #1 on Time and Entertainment Weekly's top 10 non-fiction books of 2007. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 The World Without Us is a 2007 non-fiction book about what would happen to the natural and built environment if humans suddenly disappeared, written by American journalist Alan Weisman and published by St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books. It is a book-length expansion of Weisman's own February 2005 Discover article "Earth Without People". Written largely as a thought experiment, it outlines, for example, how cities and houses would deteriorate, how long man-made artifacts would last, and how remaining lifeforms would evolve. Weisman concludes that residential neighborhoods would become forests within 500 years, and that radioactive waste, bronze statues, plastics and Mount Rushmore would be among the longest-lasting evidence of human presence on Earth. The author of four previous books and numerous articles for magazines, Weisman had traveled to interview academics, scientists and other authorities. He used quotations from these interviews to explain the effects of the natural environment and to substantiate predictions. The book has been translated and published in many countries. It was successful in the U.S., reaching #6 on the New York Times Best Seller list and #1 on the San Francisco Chronicle Best-Sellers list in September 2007. It ranked #1 on Time and Entertainment Weekly's top 10 non-fiction books of 2007. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_World_Without_Us" title="The World Without Us">The World Without Us</a></b></i> is a 2007 <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a> book about what would happen to the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">natural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Built_environment" title="Built environment">built environment</a> if humans suddenly disappeared, written by American journalist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Weisman" title="Alan Weisman">Alan Weisman</a> and published by <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Thomas_Dunne_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books">St. Martin's Thomas Dunne Books</a>. It is a book-length expansion of Weisman's own February 2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Discover_(magazine)" title="Discover (magazine)">Discover</a></i> article "Earth Without People". Written largely as a <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiment" title="Thought experiment">thought experiment</a>, it outlines, for example, how cities and houses would deteriorate, how long man-made artifacts would last, and how remaining lifeforms would evolve. Weisman concludes that residential neighborhoods would become forests within 500 years, and that <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> statues, <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a> would be among the longest-lasting evidence of human presence on Earth.<br /><br />The author of four previous books and numerous articles for magazines, Weisman had traveled to interview academics, scientists and other authorities. He used quotations from these interviews to explain the effects of the natural environment and to substantiate predictions. The book has been translated and published in many countries. It was successful in the U.S., reaching #6 on the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list"><i>New York Times</i> Best Seller list</a> and #1 on the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> Best-Sellers list in September 2007. It ranked #1 on <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <span class="nowrap">top 10 non-fiction books</span> of 2007. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_World_Without_Us" title="The World Without Us">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, published in 1986, is the fifth book in African-American writer and poet Maya Angelou's seven-volume autobiography series. Set between 1962 and 1965, the book begins when Angelou is 33 years old, and recounts the years she lived in Accra, Ghana. The book, deriving its title from a Negro spiritual, begins where Angelou's previous memoir, The Heart of a Woman, ends — with the traumatic car accident involving her son Guy — and closes with Angelou returning to America. As she had started to do in her first autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and continued throughout her series, Angelou upholds the long tradition of African-American autobiography. At the same time she makes a deliberate attempt to challenge the usual structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the genre. Angelou had matured as a writer by the time she wrote Traveling Shoes, to the point that she was able to play with the form and structure of the work. As in her previous books, it consists of a series of anecdotes connected by theme. She depicts her struggle with being the mother of a grown son, and with her place in her new home. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, published in 1986, is the fifth book in African-American writer and poet Maya Angelou's seven-volume autobiography series. Set between 1962 and 1965, the book begins when Angelou is 33 years old, and recounts the years she lived in Accra, Ghana. The book, deriving its title from a Negro spiritual, begins where Angelou's previous memoir, The Heart of a Woman, ends — with the traumatic car accident involving her son Guy — and closes with Angelou returning to America. As she had started to do in her first autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and continued throughout her series, Angelou upholds the long tradition of African-American autobiography. At the same time she makes a deliberate attempt to challenge the usual structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the genre. Angelou had matured as a writer by the time she wrote Traveling Shoes, to the point that she was able to play with the form and structure of the work. As in her previous books, it consists of a series of anecdotes connected by theme. She depicts her struggle with being the mother of a grown son, and with her place in her new home. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes" title="All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes">All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes</a></b></i>, published in 1986, is the fifth book in <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou's</a> seven-volume autobiography series. Set between 1962 and 1965, the book begins when Angelou is 33 years old, and recounts the years she lived in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. The book, deriving its title from a <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Negro spiritual</a>, begins where Angelou's previous memoir, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Woman" title="The Heart of a Woman">The Heart of a Woman</a></i>, ends — with the traumatic car accident involving her son Guy — and closes with Angelou returning to America.<br /><br />As she had started to do in her first autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a></i>, and continued throughout her series, Angelou upholds the long tradition of African-American autobiography. At the same time she makes a deliberate attempt to challenge the usual structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the genre. Angelou had matured as a writer by the time she wrote <i>Traveling Shoes</i>, to the point that she was able to play with the form and structure of the work. As in her previous books, it consists of a series of anecdotes connected by theme. She depicts her struggle with being the mother of a grown son, and with her place in her new home. (<b><a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes" title="All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 First edition title page A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by British philosopher and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the eighteenth century who did not believe women should receive a rational education. She argues that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and because they could be "companions" to their husbands, rather than mere wives. Instead of viewing women as ornaments to society or property to be traded in marriage, Wollstonecraft maintains that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men. Wollstonecraft was prompted to write the Rights of Woman after reading Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord's 1791 report to the French National Assembly, which stated that women should only receive domestic education. From her reaction to this specific event, she launched a broad attack against double standards, indicting men for encouraging women to indulge in excessive emotion. Wollstonecraft hurried to complete the work in direct response to ongoing events; she intended to write a more thoughtful second volume but died before completing it. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 First edition title page A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by British philosopher and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the eighteenth century who did not believe women should receive a rational education. She argues that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and because they could be "companions" to their husbands, rather than mere wives. Instead of viewing women as ornaments to society or property to be traded in marriage, Wollstonecraft maintains that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men. Wollstonecraft was prompted to write the Rights of Woman after reading Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord's 1791 report to the French National Assembly, which stated that women should only receive domestic education. From her reaction to this specific event, she launched a broad attack against double standards, indicting men for encouraging women to indulge in excessive emotion. Wollstonecraft hurried to complete the work in direct response to ongoing events; she intended to write a more thoughtful second volume but died before completing it. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg/220px-A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg/330px-A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg/440px-A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1683" data-file-height="3143" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">First edition title page</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"><i>A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects</i></a></b> (1792), written by British philosopher and women's rights advocate <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a> (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">feminist philosophy</a>. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the eighteenth century who did not believe women should receive a rational education. She argues that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and because they could be "companions" to their husbands, rather than mere wives. Instead of viewing women as ornaments to society or property to be traded in marriage, Wollstonecraft maintains that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men.<br /><br />Wollstonecraft was prompted to write the <i>Rights of Woman</i> after reading <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a>'s 1791 report to the French <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>, which stated that women should only receive domestic education. From her reaction to this specific event, she launched a broad attack against double standards, indicting men for encouraging women to indulge in excessive emotion. Wollstonecraft hurried to complete the work in direct response to ongoing events; she intended to write a more thoughtful second volume but died before completing it. (<b><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books/Recognized_content#Featured_articles" title="Portal:Books/Recognized content">More featured articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FSelected_picture%2F6&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Great Hall interior."><img alt="The Great Hall interior." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg/250px-Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg/375px-Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg/500px-Library_of_Congress_Great_Hall_-_Jan_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="2143" /></a><figcaption> The Great Hall interior.</figcaption></figure> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <p><small>Credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Diliff" title="User:Diliff">Diliff</a> </small> </p> </div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></b> is the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national library</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the research arm of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, it is the largest by shelf space and one of the most important libraries in the world. </div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Books/Selected picture">More pictures</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="More_Did_you_know_(auto_generated)" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="More_Did_you_know_.28auto_generated.29"></span>More Did you know <small>(auto generated)</small></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that casino pit boss <b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Goodman" title="Mike Goodman">Mike Goodman</a></b> was the author of a book that sold over a million copies?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/A_Plunge_into_Space" title="A Plunge into Space">the only preface</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> ever wrote was likely written by somebody else?</li> <li>... that the 1982 book <i><b><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Legacy" title="Bitter Legacy">Bitter Legacy</a></b></i> by historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Lukas" title="Richard C. Lukas">Richard C. Lukas</a> describes how in the early Cold War years America lost influence over Poland, which became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_empire" title="Soviet empire">Soviet empire</a>?</li> <li>... that nine-year-old <b><a href="/wiki/Muskan_Ahirwar" title="Muskan Ahirwar">Muskan Ahirwar</a></b> started a library for the children in her slum that now contains more than 3,000 books?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Stadium_ban_decision" title="Stadium ban decision">a German court's decision</a></b> involving football stadiums may preclude Facebook from arbitrarily banning users?</li> <li>... that the librarian <b><a href="/wiki/Paul_Needham_(librarian)" title="Paul Needham (librarian)">Paul Needham</a></b> has argued for the "respectful burial of the human remains" included in a <a href="/wiki/Anthropodermic_bibliopegy" title="Anthropodermic bibliopegy">book bound in human skin</a>?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FBooks_topics&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Books_topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Books topics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <dl><dd><i>For a topical guide of this subject, see <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline of books</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small>Select [►] to view subcategories</small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Book collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">Book review</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org">Pulitzer Prize winners</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049300">.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox th,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox td,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-subgroup,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-list,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-even,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox span,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox abbr{background-color:transparent!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important}</style> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books" title="Template:Books"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books" title="Template talk:Books"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">Covers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dust_jacket" title="Dust jacket">dust jackets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_illustration" title="Book illustration">Illustration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edition_(book)" title="Edition (book)">edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">incunabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_book" title="Instant book">instant book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited-edition_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-edition book">limited edition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_copy" title="Advance copy">advance copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_size" title="Book size">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(bibliography)" title="Volume (bibliography)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(publishing)" title="Collection (publishing)">Collection (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_award" title="Literary award">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">Bestsellers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliomania" title="Bibliomania">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsundoku" title="Tsundoku">tsundoku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">Bibliotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark" title="Bookmark">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Bookselling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blurb" title="Blurb">blurbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_town" title="Book town">book towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bookselling" title="History of bookselling">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">used</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_scanning" title="Book scanning">Digitizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookworm_(insect)" title="Bookworm (insect)">Bookworm (insect)</a></li> <li>Furniture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookend" title="Bookend">bookends</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">Print culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">Reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Brazil" title="Books in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_France" title="Books in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Germany" title="Books in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_Netherlands" title="Books in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_and_publishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Books and publishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Spain" title="Books in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_States" title="Books in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_book" title="Fictional book">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_book" title="Miniature book">miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">pop-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li>Formats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">Folio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">Coffee table book</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banned_books" title="Lists of banned books">Banned books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings" title="Nazi book burnings">Nazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_curse" title="Book curse">Book curses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_packaging" title="Book packaging">Book packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_tour" title="Book tour">Book tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_ears" title="Dog ears">Dog ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Day" title="World Book Day">World Book Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Books" title="Category:Books">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/25px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/38px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/50px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anime_and_manga" title="Portal:Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/27px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/41px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/54px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/27px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/41px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/54px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/25px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/38px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/50px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/27px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/41px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/54px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/27px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/41px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/54px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/24px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/37px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/48px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Writing" title="Portal:Writing">Writing</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Good_article_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Good article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good article</a>, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child Rearing is a book about the English boarding school Summerhill School by its headmaster A. S. Neill. It is known for introducing his ideas to the American public. It was published in America on November 7, 1960, by the Hart Publishing Company and later revised as Summerhill School: A New View of Childhood in 1993. Its contents are a repackaged collection from four of Neill's previous works. The foreword was written by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, who distinguished between authoritarian coercion and Summerhill. The seven chapters of the book cover the origins and implementation of the school, and other topics in childrearing. Summerhill, founded in the 1920s, is run as a children's democracy under Neill's educational philosophy of self-regulation, where kids choose whether to go to lessons and how they want to live freely without imposing on others. The school makes its rules at a weekly schoolwide meeting where students and teachers each have one vote alike. Neill discarded other pedagogies for one based on the innate goodness of the child. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child Rearing is a book about the English boarding school Summerhill School by its headmaster A. S. Neill. It is known for introducing his ideas to the American public. It was published in America on November 7, 1960, by the Hart Publishing Company and later revised as Summerhill School: A New View of Childhood in 1993. Its contents are a repackaged collection from four of Neill's previous works. The foreword was written by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, who distinguished between authoritarian coercion and Summerhill. The seven chapters of the book cover the origins and implementation of the school, and other topics in childrearing. Summerhill, founded in the 1920s, is run as a children's democracy under Neill's educational philosophy of self-regulation, where kids choose whether to go to lessons and how they want to live freely without imposing on others. The school makes its rules at a weekly schoolwide meeting where students and teachers each have one vote alike. Neill discarded other pedagogies for one based on the innate goodness of the child. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Summerhill_(book)" title="Summerhill (book)"><i>Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child Rearing</i></a></b> is a book about the English boarding school <a href="/wiki/Summerhill_School" title="Summerhill School">Summerhill School</a> by its headmaster <a href="/wiki/A._S._Neill" title="A. S. Neill">A. S. Neill</a>. It is known for introducing his ideas to the American public. It was published in America on November 7, 1960, by the Hart Publishing Company and later revised as <i><b>Summerhill School: A New View of Childhood</b></i> in 1993. Its contents are a repackaged collection from four of Neill's previous works. The foreword was written by psychoanalyst <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a>, who distinguished between authoritarian coercion and Summerhill.<br /><br />The seven chapters of the book cover the origins and implementation of the school, and other topics in childrearing. Summerhill, founded in the 1920s, is run as a children's democracy under Neill's educational philosophy of self-regulation, where kids choose whether to go to lessons and how they want to live freely without imposing on others. The school makes its rules at a weekly schoolwide meeting where students and teachers each have one vote alike. Neill discarded other pedagogies for one based on the innate goodness of the child. (<b><a href="/wiki/Summerhill_(book)" title="Summerhill (book)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II is a bestselling 1997 non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanjing Massacre—the mass murder and mass rape of Chinese civilians committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It describes the events leading up to the Nanjing Massacre, provides a graphic detail of the war crimes and atrocities committed by Japanese troops, and lambasts the Japanese government for its refusal to rectify the atrocities. It also criticizes the Japanese people for their ignorance about the massacre. It is one of the first major English-language books to introduce the Nanjing Massacre to Western and Eastern readers alike, and has been translated into several languages. The book significantly renewed public interest in Japanese wartime conduct in China, Korea, Southeast Asia (including the Philippines) and the Pacific. The book received both acclaim and criticism by the public and by academics. It has been praised as a work that "shows more clearly than any previous account" the extent and brutality of the episode, while elements of Chang's analysis of the motivations for the events, Japanese culture, and her calculation of the total numbers killed and raped were criticized as inaccurate because of her lack of training as a historian. Chang's research on the book was credited with the finding of the diaries of John Rabe and Minnie Vautrin, both of whom played important roles in the Nanking Safety Zone, a designated area in Nanjing that protected Chinese civilians during the Nanjing Massacre. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II is a bestselling 1997 non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanjing Massacre—the mass murder and mass rape of Chinese civilians committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It describes the events leading up to the Nanjing Massacre, provides a graphic detail of the war crimes and atrocities committed by Japanese troops, and lambasts the Japanese government for its refusal to rectify the atrocities. It also criticizes the Japanese people for their ignorance about the massacre. It is one of the first major English-language books to introduce the Nanjing Massacre to Western and Eastern readers alike, and has been translated into several languages. The book significantly renewed public interest in Japanese wartime conduct in China, Korea, Southeast Asia (including the Philippines) and the Pacific. The book received both acclaim and criticism by the public and by academics. It has been praised as a work that "shows more clearly than any previous account" the extent and brutality of the episode, while elements of Chang's analysis of the motivations for the events, Japanese culture, and her calculation of the total numbers killed and raped were criticized as inaccurate because of her lack of training as a historian. Chang's research on the book was credited with the finding of the diaries of John Rabe and Minnie Vautrin, both of whom played important roles in the Nanking Safety Zone, a designated area in Nanjing that protected Chinese civilians during the Nanjing Massacre. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Nanking_(book)" title="The Rape of Nanking (book)"><i>The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II</i></a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bestselling" class="mw-redirect" title="Bestselling">bestselling</a> 1997 <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a> book written by <a href="/wiki/Iris_Chang" title="Iris Chang">Iris Chang</a> about the 1937–1938 <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">mass rape</a> of Chinese civilians committed by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nanjing">Battle of Nanjing</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. It describes the events leading up to the Nanjing Massacre, provides a graphic detail of the war crimes and atrocities committed by Japanese troops, and lambasts the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese government">Japanese government</a> for its refusal to rectify the atrocities. It also criticizes the Japanese people for their ignorance about the massacre. It is one of the first major English-language books to introduce the Nanjing Massacre to <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">Eastern</a> readers alike, and has been translated into several languages. The book significantly renewed public interest in Japanese wartime conduct in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>.<br /><br />The book received both acclaim and criticism by the public and by academics. It has been praised as a work that "shows more clearly than any previous account" the extent and brutality of the episode, while elements of Chang's analysis of the motivations for the events, Japanese culture, and her calculation of the total numbers killed and raped were criticized as inaccurate because of her lack of training as a historian. Chang's research on the book was credited with the finding of the diaries of <a href="/wiki/John_Rabe" title="John Rabe">John Rabe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnie_Vautrin" title="Minnie Vautrin">Minnie Vautrin</a>, both of whom played important roles in the <a href="/wiki/Nanking_Safety_Zone" title="Nanking Safety Zone">Nanking Safety Zone</a>, a designated area in Nanjing that protected Chinese civilians during the Nanjing Massacre. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Nanking_(book)" title="The Rape of Nanking (book)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Book cover The Anarchist Cookbook, first published in 1971, is a book containing instructions for the manufacture of explosives, rudimentary telecommunications phreaking devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for the home manufacture of illicit drugs, including LSD. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the counterculture era to protest against United States' involvement in the Vietnam War. Powell converted to Anglicanism in 1976 and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation. However, the copyright belonged to the publisher, who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Book cover The Anarchist Cookbook, first published in 1971, is a book containing instructions for the manufacture of explosives, rudimentary telecommunications phreaking devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for the home manufacture of illicit drugs, including LSD. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the counterculture era to protest against United States' involvement in the Vietnam War. Powell converted to Anglicanism in 1976 and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation. However, the copyright belonged to the publisher, who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg/220px-The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg/330px-The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg/440px-The_Anarchist_Cookbook_front_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Book cover</div></div></div></div><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchist_Cookbook" title="The Anarchist Cookbook">The Anarchist Cookbook</a></b></i>, first published in 1971, is a book containing instructions for the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosives</a>, rudimentary <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a> <a href="/wiki/Phreaking" title="Phreaking">phreaking</a> devices, and related weapons, as well as instructions for the home manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Drug_prohibition" title="Drug prohibition">illicit drugs</a>, including <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a>. It was written by William Powell at the apex of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture era</a> to protest against <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="United States in the Vietnam War">United States' involvement in the Vietnam War</a>. Powell converted to <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> in 1976 and later attempted to have the book removed from circulation. However, the copyright belonged to the publisher, who continued circulation until the company was acquired in 1991. Its legality has been questioned in several jurisdictions. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchist_Cookbook" title="The Anarchist Cookbook">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Dioscorides' De Materia Medica, Byzantium, 15th-century manuscript, by which time the text had been in circulation for about 1500 years A herbal is a book containing the names and descriptions of plants, usually with information on their medicinal, tonic, culinary, toxic, hallucinatory, aromatic, or magical powers, and the legends associated with them. A herbal may also classify the plants it describes, may give recipes for herbal extracts, tinctures, or potions, and sometimes include mineral and animal medicaments in addition to those obtained from plants. Herbals were often illustrated to assist plant identification. Herbals were among the first literature produced in Ancient Egypt, China, India, and Europe as the medical wisdom of the day accumulated by herbalists, apothecaries and physicians. Herbals were also among the first books to be printed in both China and Europe. In Western Europe herbals flourished for two centuries following the introduction of moveable type (c. 1470–1670). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Dioscorides' De Materia Medica, Byzantium, 15th-century manuscript, by which time the text had been in circulation for about 1500 years A herbal is a book containing the names and descriptions of plants, usually with information on their medicinal, tonic, culinary, toxic, hallucinatory, aromatic, or magical powers, and the legends associated with them. A herbal may also classify the plants it describes, may give recipes for herbal extracts, tinctures, or potions, and sometimes include mineral and animal medicaments in addition to those obtained from plants. Herbals were often illustrated to assist plant identification. Herbals were among the first literature produced in Ancient Egypt, China, India, and Europe as the medical wisdom of the day accumulated by herbalists, apothecaries and physicians. Herbals were also among the first books to be printed in both China and Europe. In Western Europe herbals flourished for two centuries following the introduction of moveable type (c. 1470–1670). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg/375px-Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg/563px-Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg/750px-Dioscorides_De_Materia_Medica_Byzantium_15th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Dioscorides' <i><a href="/wiki/De_Materia_Medica_(Dioscorides)" class="mw-redirect" title="De Materia Medica (Dioscorides)">De Materia Medica</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a>, 15th-century manuscript, by which time the text had been in circulation for about 1500 years</figcaption></figure><br /><br />A <b><a href="/wiki/Herbal" title="Herbal">herbal</a></b> is a book containing the names and descriptions of plants, usually with information on their medicinal, <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tonic" title="Herbal tonic">tonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Culinary">culinary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic">toxic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallucinatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinatory">hallucinatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aroma" class="mw-redirect" title="Aroma">aromatic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magical</a> powers, and the <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legends</a> associated with them. A herbal may also classify the plants it describes, may give recipes for <a href="/wiki/Extract" title="Extract">herbal extracts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tinctures</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Potion" title="Potion">potions</a>, and sometimes include <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> and animal <a href="/wiki/Medicament" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicament">medicaments</a> in addition to those obtained from plants. Herbals were often illustrated to assist <a href="/wiki/Plant_identification" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant identification">plant identification</a>.<br /><br />Herbals were among the first literature produced in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and Europe as the medical wisdom of the day accumulated by <a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">herbalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a>. Herbals were also among the first books to be printed in both China and Europe. In Western Europe herbals flourished for two centuries following the introduction of moveable type (c. 1470–1670). (<b><a href="/wiki/Herbal" title="Herbal">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Cover of Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie (1971) is the first collection of poems by African-American writer and poet Maya Angelou. Many of the poems in Diiie were originally song lyrics, written during Angelou's career as a night club performer, and recorded on two albums before the publication of Angelou's first autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). Angelou considered herself a poet and a playwright, but is best known for her seven autobiographies. Early in her writing career she began a practice of alternating the publication of an autobiography and a volume of poetry. Although her poetry collections have been best-sellers, they have not received serious critical attention and are more interesting when read aloud. Diiie is made up of two sections of 38 poems. The 20 poems in the first section, "Where Love is a Scream of Anguish", center on love. Many of the poems in this section and the next are structured like blues and jazz music, and have universal themes of love and loss. The eighteen poems in the second section, "Just Before the World Ends", focus on the experience of the survival of African Americans despite living in a society dominated by whites. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Cover of Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie (1971) is the first collection of poems by African-American writer and poet Maya Angelou. Many of the poems in Diiie were originally song lyrics, written during Angelou's career as a night club performer, and recorded on two albums before the publication of Angelou's first autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). Angelou considered herself a poet and a playwright, but is best known for her seven autobiographies. Early in her writing career she began a practice of alternating the publication of an autobiography and a volume of poetry. Although her poetry collections have been best-sellers, they have not received serious critical attention and are more interesting when read aloud. Diiie is made up of two sections of 38 poems. The 20 poems in the first section, "Where Love is a Scream of Anguish", center on love. Many of the poems in this section and the next are structured like blues and jazz music, and have universal themes of love and loss. The eighteen poems in the second section, "Just Before the World Ends", focus on the experience of the survival of African Americans despite living in a society dominated by whites. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover,_1971_first_edition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover%2C_1971_first_edition.jpg/220px-Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover%2C_1971_first_edition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover%2C_1971_first_edition.jpg/330px-Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover%2C_1971_first_edition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover%2C_1971_first_edition.jpg/440px-Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie_front_cover%2C_1971_first_edition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Cover of <i>Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie</i></div></div></div></div><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie" title="Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie">Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie</a></b></i> (1971) is the first collection of poems by African-American writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>. Many of the poems in <i>Diiie</i> were originally song lyrics, written during Angelou's career as a night club performer, and recorded on two albums before the publication of Angelou's first autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a></i> (1969). Angelou considered herself a poet and a playwright, but is best known for her seven autobiographies. Early in her writing career she began a practice of alternating the publication of an autobiography and a volume of poetry. Although her poetry collections have been best-sellers, they have not received serious critical attention and are more interesting when read aloud.<br /><br /><i>Diiie</i> is made up of two sections of 38 poems. The 20 poems in the first section, "Where Love is a Scream of Anguish", center on love. Many of the poems in this section and the next are structured like <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music, and have universal themes of love and loss. The eighteen poems in the second section, "Just Before the World Ends", focus on the experience of the survival of African Americans despite living in a society dominated by whites. (<b><a href="/wiki/Just_Give_Me_a_Cool_Drink_of_Water_%27fore_I_Diiie" title="Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Kafka's Prayer is a 1947 book-length analysis of the novelist Franz Kafka and his works by Paul Goodman. Using Freudian and Reichian psychoanalysis, Goodman assesses the philosophical and religious significance of Kafka's aphoristic statements and three novels. He levels an anarchist societal critique against social institutions borne from neuroticism. Goodman used the book, published by Vanguard Press, to grapple with the religious implications of psychoanalysis and transition from a career writing on Jewish concerns to a period that would culminate in his collaboration on the founding work of the gestalt therapy movement. Many reviewers and commentators felt that Goodman overanalyzed Kafka and overextended specific symbolism, with farfetched or reductive speculation and obscure personal referents. Goodman's monograph was the first on Kafka in the English language and holds an idiosyncratic place in Kafka studies. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Kafka's Prayer is a 1947 book-length analysis of the novelist Franz Kafka and his works by Paul Goodman. Using Freudian and Reichian psychoanalysis, Goodman assesses the philosophical and religious significance of Kafka's aphoristic statements and three novels. He levels an anarchist societal critique against social institutions borne from neuroticism. Goodman used the book, published by Vanguard Press, to grapple with the religious implications of psychoanalysis and transition from a career writing on Jewish concerns to a period that would culminate in his collaboration on the founding work of the gestalt therapy movement. Many reviewers and commentators felt that Goodman overanalyzed Kafka and overextended specific symbolism, with farfetched or reductive speculation and obscure personal referents. Goodman's monograph was the first on Kafka in the English language and holds an idiosyncratic place in Kafka studies. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kafka%27s_Prayer" title="Kafka's Prayer">Kafka's Prayer</a></b></i> is a 1947 book-length analysis of the novelist <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a> and his works by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a>. Using <a href="/wiki/Freudian_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Freudian analysis">Freudian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reichian</a> psychoanalysis, Goodman assesses the philosophical and religious significance of Kafka's aphoristic statements and three novels. He levels an anarchist <a href="/wiki/Social_criticism" title="Social criticism">societal critique</a> against social institutions borne from <a href="/wiki/Neuroticism" title="Neuroticism">neuroticism</a>. Goodman used the book, published by <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Press" title="Vanguard Press">Vanguard Press</a>, to grapple with the religious implications of psychoanalysis and transition from a career writing on Jewish concerns to a period that would culminate in his collaboration on <a href="/wiki/Gestalt_Therapy_(book)" title="Gestalt Therapy (book)">the founding work</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gestalt_therapy" title="Gestalt therapy">gestalt therapy</a> movement.<br /><br />Many reviewers and commentators felt that Goodman overanalyzed Kafka and overextended specific symbolism, with farfetched or reductive speculation and obscure personal referents. Goodman's <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a> was the first on Kafka in the English language and holds an idiosyncratic place in Kafka studies. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kafka%27s_Prayer" title="Kafka's Prayer">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 I Love Bacon! is a cookbook with over fifty recipes devoted to bacon and bacon dishes, many of them from celebrity chefs. The book was written by Jayne Rockmill and photography was provided by Ben Fink. Broken down into eight sections, the book covered how to make homemade bacon and moves onto "brunch" and "small bites" before covering soups, salads and sides, pasta, fish, meat, and desserts. I Love Bacon! was published in October 2010 by Andrews McMeel Publishing and met with favorable reviews for its unique dishes and helpful culinary tips for novices. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 I Love Bacon! is a cookbook with over fifty recipes devoted to bacon and bacon dishes, many of them from celebrity chefs. The book was written by Jayne Rockmill and photography was provided by Ben Fink. Broken down into eight sections, the book covered how to make homemade bacon and moves onto "brunch" and "small bites" before covering soups, salads and sides, pasta, fish, meat, and desserts. I Love Bacon! was published in October 2010 by Andrews McMeel Publishing and met with favorable reviews for its unique dishes and helpful culinary tips for novices. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/I_Love_Bacon!" title="I Love Bacon!">I Love Bacon!</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">cookbook</a> with over fifty recipes devoted to <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a> and bacon dishes, many of them from <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_chef" title="Celebrity chef">celebrity chefs</a>. The book was written by Jayne Rockmill and photography was provided by Ben Fink. Broken down into eight sections, the book covered how to make homemade bacon and moves onto "<a href="/wiki/Brunch" title="Brunch">brunch</a>" and "small bites" before covering soups, salads and sides, pasta, fish, meat, and desserts. <i>I Love Bacon!</i> was published in October 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing" title="Andrews McMeel Publishing">Andrews McMeel Publishing</a> and met with favorable reviews for its unique dishes and helpful culinary tips for novices. (<b><a href="/wiki/I_Love_Bacon!" title="I Love Bacon!">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 is a seven-part encyclopedia series that explores the history of the concentration camps, ghettos, forced-labor camps, and other sites of detention, persecution, or state-sponsored murder run by Nazi Germany and other Axis powers in Europe and Africa. The series is produced by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and published by Indiana University Press. Research began in 2000; the first volume was published in 2009; and the final volume is slated for publication in 2025. Along with entries on individual sites, the encyclopedias also contain scholarly overviews for historical context. The project attracted media attention when its editors announced in 2013 that the series would cover more than 42,500 sites, eight times more than expected. The first two volumes in the series, covering the Nazi concentration camps and Nazi ghettos, received a positive response from both scholars and survivors. Multiple scholars have described the encyclopedias as the most comprehensive reference on their given subjects. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 is a seven-part encyclopedia series that explores the history of the concentration camps, ghettos, forced-labor camps, and other sites of detention, persecution, or state-sponsored murder run by Nazi Germany and other Axis powers in Europe and Africa. The series is produced by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and published by Indiana University Press. Research began in 2000; the first volume was published in 2009; and the final volume is slated for publication in 2025. Along with entries on individual sites, the encyclopedias also contain scholarly overviews for historical context. The project attracted media attention when its editors announced in 2013 that the series would cover more than 42,500 sites, eight times more than expected. The first two volumes in the series, covering the Nazi concentration camps and Nazi ghettos, received a positive response from both scholars and survivors. Multiple scholars have described the encyclopedias as the most comprehensive reference on their given subjects. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Camps_and_Ghettos,_1933%E2%80%931945" title="Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945">Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945</a></b></i> is a seven-part encyclopedia series that explores the history of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">ghettos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor_in_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor in Nazi Germany">forced-labor camps</a>, and other sites of detention, persecution, or state-sponsored murder run by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> in Europe and Africa. The series is produced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> (USHMM) and published by <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. Research began in 2000; the first volume was published in 2009; and the final volume is slated for publication in 2025. Along with entries on individual sites, the encyclopedias also contain scholarly overviews for historical context.<br /><br />The project attracted media attention when its editors announced in 2013 that the series would cover more than 42,500 sites, eight times more than expected. The first two volumes in the series, covering the Nazi concentration camps and Nazi ghettos, received a positive response from both scholars and survivors. Multiple scholars have described the encyclopedias as the most comprehensive reference on their given subjects. (<b><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Camps_and_Ghettos,_1933%E2%80%931945" title="Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better is a pamphlet by Tyler Cowen published in 2011. It argues that the American economy has reached a historical technological plateau and the factors that drove economic growth for most of America's history are no longer present. These figurative "low-hanging fruit" include the cultivation of much free, previously unused land, technological breakthroughs in transport, refrigeration, electricity, mass communications, sanitation, and the growth of education. Cowen, a professor of economics at George Mason University, theorizes that these factors have contributed to stagnation in the median American wage since 1973. The concept of a "Great Stagnation" has been contrasted with the idea of the "Great Divergence", a set of explanations that blame rising income inequality and globalization for the economic stall. Related debates have examined whether the internet's effect has yet been fully realized in production, if its users enjoy a significant consumer surplus, and how it might be further integrated into the economy. The final set of questions concerns appropriate policy responses to the problem. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better is a pamphlet by Tyler Cowen published in 2011. It argues that the American economy has reached a historical technological plateau and the factors that drove economic growth for most of America's history are no longer present. These figurative "low-hanging fruit" include the cultivation of much free, previously unused land, technological breakthroughs in transport, refrigeration, electricity, mass communications, sanitation, and the growth of education. Cowen, a professor of economics at George Mason University, theorizes that these factors have contributed to stagnation in the median American wage since 1973. The concept of a "Great Stagnation" has been contrasted with the idea of the "Great Divergence", a set of explanations that blame rising income inequality and globalization for the economic stall. Related debates have examined whether the internet's effect has yet been fully realized in production, if its users enjoy a significant consumer surplus, and how it might be further integrated into the economy. The final set of questions concerns appropriate policy responses to the problem. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Stagnation" title="The Great Stagnation"><i>The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better</i></a></b> is a pamphlet by <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Cowen" title="Tyler Cowen">Tyler Cowen</a> published in 2011. It argues that the American economy has reached a historical technological plateau and the factors that drove economic growth for most of America's history are no longer present. These figurative "<a href="/wiki/Low-hanging_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-hanging fruit">low-hanging fruit</a>" include the cultivation of much free, previously unused land, technological breakthroughs in transport, refrigeration, electricity, mass communications, sanitation, and the growth of education. Cowen, a professor of economics at <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>, theorizes that these factors have contributed to stagnation in the <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> American wage since 1973.<br /><br />The concept of a "Great Stagnation" has been contrasted with the idea of the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Divergence_(inequality)" title="Great Divergence (inequality)">Great Divergence</a>", a set of explanations that blame rising income inequality and globalization for the economic stall. Related debates have examined whether the internet's effect has yet been fully realized in production, if its users enjoy a significant <a href="/wiki/Consumer_surplus" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer surplus">consumer surplus</a>, and how it might be further integrated into the economy. The final set of questions concerns appropriate policy responses to the problem. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Stagnation" title="The Great Stagnation">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Butterflies from the 1828 edition Le Règne Animal (lit. 'The Animal Kingdom') is the most famous work of the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. It sets out to describe the natural structure of the whole of the animal kingdom based on comparative anatomy, and its natural history. Cuvier divided the animals into four embranchements ("Branches", roughly corresponding to phyla), namely vertebrates, molluscs, articulated animals (arthropods and annelids), and zoophytes (cnidaria and other phyla). The work appeared in four octavo volumes in December 1816 (although it has "1817" on the title pages); a second edition in five volumes was brought out in 1829–1830 and a third, written by twelve "disciples" of Cuvier, in 1836–1849. In this classic work, Cuvier presented the results of his life's research into the structure of living and fossil animals. With the exception of the section on insects, in which he was assisted by his friend Pierre André Latreille, the whole of the work was his own. It was translated into English many times, often with substantial notes and supplementary material updating the book in accordance with the expansion of knowledge. It was also translated into German, Italian and other languages, and abridged in versions for children. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Butterflies from the 1828 edition Le Règne Animal (lit. 'The Animal Kingdom') is the most famous work of the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. It sets out to describe the natural structure of the whole of the animal kingdom based on comparative anatomy, and its natural history. Cuvier divided the animals into four embranchements ("Branches", roughly corresponding to phyla), namely vertebrates, molluscs, articulated animals (arthropods and annelids), and zoophytes (cnidaria and other phyla). The work appeared in four octavo volumes in December 1816 (although it has "1817" on the title pages); a second edition in five volumes was brought out in 1829–1830 and a third, written by twelve "disciples" of Cuvier, in 1836–1849. In this classic work, Cuvier presented the results of his life's research into the structure of living and fossil animals. With the exception of the section on insects, in which he was assisted by his friend Pierre André Latreille, the whole of the work was his own. It was translated into English many times, often with substantial notes and supplementary material updating the book in accordance with the expansion of knowledge. It was also translated into German, Italian and other languages, and abridged in versions for children. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg/220px-Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg/330px-Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg/440px-Cuvier-131-Machaon-Tha%C3%AFs-Arjuna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Butterflies from the 1828 edition</div></div></div></div><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" title="Le Règne Animal">Le Règne Animal</a></b></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The Animal Kingdom</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the most famous work of the French <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a>. It sets out to describe the natural structure of the whole of the <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal kingdom</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Comparative_anatomy" title="Comparative anatomy">comparative anatomy</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>. Cuvier divided the animals into four <i>embranchements</i> ("Branches", roughly corresponding to phyla), namely vertebrates, molluscs, articulated animals (arthropods and annelids), and zoophytes (cnidaria and other phyla).<br /><br />The work appeared in four octavo volumes in December 1816 (although it has "1817" on the title pages); a second edition in five volumes was brought out in 1829–1830 and a third, written by twelve "disciples" of Cuvier, in 1836–1849. In this classic work, Cuvier presented the results of his life's research into the structure of living and fossil animals. With the exception of the section on <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, in which he was assisted by his friend <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Pierre André Latreille</a>, the whole of the work was his own. It was translated into English many times, often with substantial notes and supplementary material updating the book in accordance with the expansion of knowledge. It was also translated into German, Italian and other languages, and abridged in versions for children. (<b><a href="/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" title="Le Règne Animal">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Title page, 1775 edition The Experienced English Housekeeper is a cookery book by the English businesswoman Elizabeth Raffald (1733–1781). It was first published in 1769, and went through 13 authorised editions and at least 23 pirated ones. The book contains some 900 recipes for: soups; main dishes including roast and boiled meats, boiled puddings, and fish; desserts, table decorations and "little savory dishes"; potted meats, drinks, wines, pickles, preserves and distilled essences. The recipes consist largely of direct instructions to the cook, and do not contain lists of ingredients. The book is illustrated with three fold-out copper plate engravings. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Title page, 1775 edition The Experienced English Housekeeper is a cookery book by the English businesswoman Elizabeth Raffald (1733–1781). It was first published in 1769, and went through 13 authorised editions and at least 23 pirated ones. The book contains some 900 recipes for: soups; main dishes including roast and boiled meats, boiled puddings, and fish; desserts, table decorations and "little savory dishes"; potted meats, drinks, wines, pickles, preserves and distilled essences. The recipes consist largely of direct instructions to the cook, and do not contain lists of ingredients. The book is illustrated with three fold-out copper plate engravings. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg/220px-The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg/330px-The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg/440px-The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper_Elizabeth_Raffald_Title_Page_1775.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="3284" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Title page, 1775 edition</div></div></div></div><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper" title="The Experienced English Housekeeper">The Experienced English Housekeeper</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Cookery_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookery book">cookery book</a> by the English businesswoman <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Raffald" title="Elizabeth Raffald">Elizabeth Raffald</a> (1733–1781). It was first published in 1769, and went through 13 authorised editions and at least 23 <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement#"Piracy"" title="Copyright infringement">pirated</a> ones.<br /><br />The book contains some 900 <a href="/wiki/Recipe" title="Recipe">recipes</a> for: soups; main dishes including roast and boiled meats, boiled <a href="/wiki/Puddings" class="mw-redirect" title="Puddings">puddings</a>, and fish; <a href="/wiki/Desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="Desserts">desserts</a>, table decorations and "little savory dishes"; <a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">potted meats</a>, drinks, wines, <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickles</a>, preserves and <a href="/wiki/Distilled" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled">distilled</a> essences. The recipes consist largely of direct instructions to the cook, and do not contain lists of ingredients. The book is illustrated with three fold-out copper plate <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper" title="The Experienced English Housekeeper">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Vertigo is a wordless novel by American artist Lynd Ward (1905–1985), published in 1937. In three intertwining parts, the story tells of the effects the Great Depression has on the lives of an elderly industrialist and a young man and woman. Considered his masterpiece, Ward uses the work to express the socialist sympathies of his upbringing; he aimed to present what he called "impersonal social forces" by depicting the individuals whose actions are responsible for those forces. The work is filled with symbolic motifs, and is in a more detailed and realistic style than Ward's Expressionistic earlier works. The images—one to a page—are borderless and of varied dimensions. At 230 wood engravings Vertigo was Ward's longest and most complex wordless novel, and proved to be the last he finished—in 1940 he abandoned one he was working on, and in the last years of his life began another that he never finished. For the remainder of his career Ward turned to book illustration, especially children's books, some of which he or his wife May McNeer authored. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Vertigo is a wordless novel by American artist Lynd Ward (1905–1985), published in 1937. In three intertwining parts, the story tells of the effects the Great Depression has on the lives of an elderly industrialist and a young man and woman. Considered his masterpiece, Ward uses the work to express the socialist sympathies of his upbringing; he aimed to present what he called "impersonal social forces" by depicting the individuals whose actions are responsible for those forces. The work is filled with symbolic motifs, and is in a more detailed and realistic style than Ward's Expressionistic earlier works. The images—one to a page—are borderless and of varied dimensions. At 230 wood engravings Vertigo was Ward's longest and most complex wordless novel, and proved to be the last he finished—in 1940 he abandoned one he was working on, and in the last years of his life began another that he never finished. For the remainder of his career Ward turned to book illustration, especially children's books, some of which he or his wife May McNeer authored. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_(wordless_novel)" title="Vertigo (wordless novel)"><i>Vertigo</i></a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Wordless_novel" title="Wordless novel">wordless novel</a> by American artist <a href="/wiki/Lynd_Ward" title="Lynd Ward">Lynd Ward</a> (1905–1985), published in 1937. In three intertwining parts, the story tells of the effects the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> has on the lives of an elderly industrialist and a young man and woman. Considered his masterpiece, Ward uses the work to express the socialist sympathies of his upbringing; he aimed to present what he called "impersonal social forces" by depicting the individuals whose actions are responsible for those forces.<br /><br />The work is filled with symbolic motifs, and is in a more detailed and realistic style than Ward's <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionistic</a> earlier works. The images—one to a page—are borderless and of varied dimensions. At 230 <a href="/wiki/Wood_engraving" title="Wood engraving">wood engravings</a> <i>Vertigo</i> was Ward's longest and most complex wordless novel, and proved to be the last he finished—in 1940 he abandoned one he was working on, and in the last years of his life began another that he never finished. For the remainder of his career Ward turned to book illustration, especially children's books, some of which he or his wife <a href="/wiki/May_McNeer" title="May McNeer">May McNeer</a> authored. (<b><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_(wordless_novel)" title="Vertigo (wordless novel)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 is a non-fiction book by Adam Hochschild that was first published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt on March 29, 2016. The book is an account of the American volunteers who participated in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. The story centers around several American volunteer fighters and journalists, tracing their motivations for joining the war and their experiences during the war which left many disillusioned. The book explains the involvement of foreign leaders including Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin, and explains why the Republican faction ultimately lost. Hochschild knew several American volunteers personally, and was partly inspired by them to write the book. Most of Hochschild's archival research on the subject was carried out at the Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 is a non-fiction book by Adam Hochschild that was first published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt on March 29, 2016. The book is an account of the American volunteers who participated in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. The story centers around several American volunteer fighters and journalists, tracing their motivations for joining the war and their experiences during the war which left many disillusioned. The book explains the involvement of foreign leaders including Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin, and explains why the Republican faction ultimately lost. Hochschild knew several American volunteers personally, and was partly inspired by them to write the book. Most of Hochschild's archival research on the subject was carried out at the Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_Our_Hearts" title="Spain in Our Hearts"><i>Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939</i></a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a> book by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Hochschild" title="Adam Hochschild">Adam Hochschild</a> that was first published by <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a> on March 29, 2016. The book is an account of the American volunteers who participated in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> from 1936 to 1939. The story centers around several American volunteer fighters and journalists, tracing their motivations for joining the war and their experiences during the war which left many disillusioned. The book explains the involvement of foreign leaders including <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, and explains why the <a href="/wiki/Republican_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)">Republican faction</a> ultimately lost.<br /><br />Hochschild knew several American volunteers personally, and was partly inspired by them to write the book. Most of Hochschild's <a href="/wiki/Archival_research" title="Archival research">archival research</a> on the subject was carried out at the <a href="/wiki/Tamiment_Library_and_Robert_F._Wagner_Archives" title="Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives">Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_Our_Hearts" title="Spain in Our Hearts">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet is a children's literature book by science writer June A. English and astronaut Thomas David Jones that was published in 1996 by Scholastic. Jones was among the crew members of the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an eleven-day mission in space, which was launched in April 1994 to study the ecological well-being of Earth using specialized radar technology. The book, which is illustrated with radar images and picturesque photographs, chronicles the mission and Jones' experiences of it. Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet received a generally favorable reception in media coverage and book reviewers. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said, "The authors convey the awe and wonderment of seeing Earth from space and the intricate delicacy of the Earth's ecology". The Dallas Morning News said, "The astronaut's descriptions are vivid". A review in Booklist was more critical; it said, "The authors try to cover too much in so few pages, and the narrative, with several focal points, becomes simplified at times". School Library Journal wrote, "It provides a unique look at a new method of research and an opportunity for youngsters to read one scientist's account of what it's like to engage in this exciting field of endeavor". The book was selected for inclusion in books Best Books for Children, and Adventuring With Books, or educating youths about history by using children's literature works. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet is a children's literature book by science writer June A. English and astronaut Thomas David Jones that was published in 1996 by Scholastic. Jones was among the crew members of the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an eleven-day mission in space, which was launched in April 1994 to study the ecological well-being of Earth using specialized radar technology. The book, which is illustrated with radar images and picturesque photographs, chronicles the mission and Jones' experiences of it. Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet received a generally favorable reception in media coverage and book reviewers. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said, "The authors convey the awe and wonderment of seeing Earth from space and the intricate delicacy of the Earth's ecology". The Dallas Morning News said, "The astronaut's descriptions are vivid". A review in Booklist was more critical; it said, "The authors try to cover too much in so few pages, and the narrative, with several focal points, becomes simplified at times". School Library Journal wrote, "It provides a unique look at a new method of research and an opportunity for youngsters to read one scientist's account of what it's like to engage in this exciting field of endeavor". The book was selected for inclusion in books Best Books for Children, and Adventuring With Books, or educating youths about history by using children's literature works. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Earth,_Voyage_to_the_Home_Planet" title="Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet">Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet</a></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a> book by science writer June A. English and astronaut <a href="/wiki/Thomas_David_Jones" title="Thomas David Jones">Thomas David Jones</a> that was published in 1996 by <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic</a>. Jones was among the crew members of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></a> during an <a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">eleven-day mission in space</a>, which was launched in April 1994 to study the ecological well-being of Earth using specialized radar technology. The book, which is illustrated with radar images and picturesque photographs, chronicles the mission and Jones' experiences of it.<br /><br /><i>Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet</i> received a generally favorable reception in media coverage and book reviewers. The <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i> said, "The authors convey the awe and wonderment of seeing Earth from space and the intricate delicacy of the Earth's ecology". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i> said, "The astronaut's descriptions are vivid". A review in <i><a href="/wiki/Booklist" title="Booklist">Booklist</a></i> was more critical; it said, "The authors try to cover too much in so few pages, and the narrative, with several focal points, becomes simplified at times". <i><a href="/wiki/School_Library_Journal" title="School Library Journal">School Library Journal</a></i> wrote, "It provides a unique look at a new method of research and an opportunity for youngsters to read one scientist's account of what it's like to engage in this exciting field of endeavor". The book was selected for inclusion in books <i>Best Books for Children</i>, and <i>Adventuring With Books</i>, or educating youths about history by using children's literature works. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Earth,_Voyage_to_the_Home_Planet" title="Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 This Is Not My Hat is a 2012 American children's picture book by the author and illustrator Jon Klassen. The story is told through the unreliable narration of a little fish, who has stolen a hat from a big fish and how the big fish reacts to the theft. It is a thematic follow-up to I Want My Hat Back (2011) and was meant to be a more literal sequel until Klassen took a suggestion to change which animals were in the story. The book was well received by critics, who praised its dark or ironic humor which could only be understood by comparing the words of the little fish's narration against the events of the illustrations. In addition to several positive reviews, Klassen received the 2013 Caldecott Medal and the 2014 Kate Greenaway Medal, making This is Not My Hat the first book to win both awards. This is Not My Hat was also a commercial success. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 This Is Not My Hat is a 2012 American children's picture book by the author and illustrator Jon Klassen. The story is told through the unreliable narration of a little fish, who has stolen a hat from a big fish and how the big fish reacts to the theft. It is a thematic follow-up to I Want My Hat Back (2011) and was meant to be a more literal sequel until Klassen took a suggestion to change which animals were in the story. The book was well received by critics, who praised its dark or ironic humor which could only be understood by comparing the words of the little fish's narration against the events of the illustrations. In addition to several positive reviews, Klassen received the 2013 Caldecott Medal and the 2014 Kate Greenaway Medal, making This is Not My Hat the first book to win both awards. This is Not My Hat was also a commercial success. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/This_is_Not_My_Hat" title="This is Not My Hat"><i>This Is Not My Hat</i></a></b> is a 2012 American <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's</a> <a href="/wiki/Picture_book" title="Picture book">picture book</a> by the author and illustrator <a href="/wiki/Jon_Klassen" title="Jon Klassen">Jon Klassen</a>. The story is told through the <a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">unreliable narration</a> of a little fish, who has stolen a hat from a big fish and how the big fish reacts to the theft. It is a thematic follow-up to <i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_My_Hat_Back" title="I Want My Hat Back">I Want My Hat Back</a></i> (2011) and was meant to be a more literal sequel until Klassen took a suggestion to change which animals were in the story. The book was well received by critics, who praised its <a href="/wiki/Dark_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark humor">dark</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ironic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironic">ironic</a> humor which could only be understood by comparing the words of the little fish's narration against the events of the illustrations. In addition to several positive reviews, Klassen received the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Caldecott_Medal" title="Caldecott Medal">Caldecott Medal</a> and the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Kate_Greenaway_Medal" title="Kate Greenaway Medal">Kate Greenaway Medal</a>, making <i>This is Not My Hat</i> the first book to win both awards. <i>This is Not My Hat</i> was also a commercial success. (<b><a href="/wiki/This_is_Not_My_Hat" title="This is Not My Hat">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books/Recognized_content#Good_articles" title="Portal:Books/Recognized content">More good articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FSelected_quote%2F9&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_quote" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected quote</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg/90px-Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg/135px-Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg/180px-Christopher_Darlington_Morley_cph.3b14371.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Read, every day, something no one else is reading. Think, every day, something no one else is thinking. Do, every day, something no one else would be silly enough to do. It is bad for the mind to be always part of unanimity. </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%; font-size: smaller; line-height:normal; text-align: right;"><cite>— <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Morley" title="Christopher Morley">Christopher Morley</a></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books/Selected_quote" title="Portal:Books/Selected quote">More quotes</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FDYK%2F10&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Did_you_know" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Did you know</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg/100px-Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg/150px-Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg/200px-Charles_Dickens-A_Christmas_Carol-Title_page-First_edition_1843.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="2114" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>...that <a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a> sold over six thousand copies in one week?<i>(Pictured)</i></li> <li>...that the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> 21:21 describes the city of New Jerusalem as having streets "made of pure gold, clear as crystal" ?</li> <li>...that the early nineteenth century, books were hand-bound using heavy materials such as wood, leather, gold, silver and jewels?</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books/DYK" title="Portal:Books/DYK">More Did you know facts</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><small><b>The following are images from various book-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_(first_page).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1Initial on the opening page of a book printed by the Kelmscott Press (from Book design)"><img alt="Image 1Initial on the opening page of a book printed by the Kelmscott Press (from Book design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_%28first_page%29.jpg/82px-Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_%28first_page%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_%28first_page%29.jpg/124px-Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_%28first_page%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_%28first_page%29.jpg/165px-Kelmscott_Press_-_The_Nature_of_Gothic_by_John_Ruskin_%28first_page%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">Initial</a> on the opening page of a book printed by the <a href="/wiki/Kelmscott_Press" title="Kelmscott Press">Kelmscott Press</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2European output of printed books c. 1450–1800 (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 2European output of printed books c. 1450–1800 (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png/120px-European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png/180px-European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png/240px-European_Output_of_Printed_Books_ca._1450%E2%80%931800.png 2x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>European output of printed books c. 1450–1800 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Woman holding wax tablets in the form of the codex. Wall painting from Pompeii, before 79 CE. (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 3Woman holding wax tablets in the form of the codex. Wall painting from Pompeii, before 79 CE. (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg/112px-Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg/167px-Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg/223px-Herkulaneischer_Meister_002b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>Woman holding wax tablets in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a>. Wall painting from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, before 79 CE. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Folio from a manuscript of the Shanamah (Book of Kings) (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 4Folio from a manuscript of the Shanamah (Book of Kings) (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg/81px-Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg/122px-Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg/162px-Baysonghori_Shahnameh_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Folio from a manuscript of the <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shanamah</a></i> (Book of Kings) (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Sammelband of three alchemical treatises, bound in Strasbourg by Samuel Emmel c. 1568, showing metal clasps and leather covering of boards (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 5Sammelband of three alchemical treatises, bound in Strasbourg by Samuel Emmel c. 1568, showing metal clasps and leather covering of boards (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg/120px-Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg/180px-Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg/240px-Sammelband_CHF_edge_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Sammelband of three alchemical treatises, bound in Strasbourg by Samuel Emmel <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1568</span>, showing metal clasps and leather covering of boards (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unknown,_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain,_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Page from the Blue Quran manuscript, ca. 9th or 10th century CE (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 6Page from the Blue Quran manuscript, ca. 9th or 10th century CE (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Unknown%2C_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain%2C_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Unknown%2C_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain%2C_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Unknown%2C_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain%2C_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Unknown%2C_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain%2C_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Unknown%2C_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain%2C_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Unknown%2C_North_Africa_or_Southern_Spain%2C_9th_or_10th_Century_-_Blue_Qur%27an_Page_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4993" data-file-height="3329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Page from the <i>Blue Quran</i> manuscript, ca. 9th or 10th century CE (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookbinders_type_holder_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Bookbinder's type holder (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 7Bookbinder's type holder (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bookbinders_type_holder_%281%29.jpg/120px-Bookbinders_type_holder_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bookbinders_type_holder_%281%29.jpg/180px-Bookbinders_type_holder_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bookbinders_type_holder_%281%29.jpg/240px-Bookbinders_type_holder_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Bookbinder's type holder (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8The Codex Manesse, a German book from the Middle Ages (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 8The Codex Manesse, a German book from the Middle Ages (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg/80px-Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg/120px-Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg/160px-Codex_Manesse_Ulrich_von_Singenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>The <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Manesse" title="Codex Manesse">Codex Manesse</a></i>, a German book from the Middle Ages (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover,_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Design by Hans Holbein the Younger for a metalwork book cover (or treasure binding) (from Book design)"><img alt="Image 9Design by Hans Holbein the Younger for a metalwork book cover (or treasure binding) (from Book design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/92px-Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/139px-Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/185px-Design_for_a_metalwork_book_cover%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="898" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Design by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a> for a metalwork book cover (or <a href="/wiki/Treasure_binding" title="Treasure binding">treasure binding</a>) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookinfo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10Scheme of common book design Belly band Flap Endpaper Book cover Head Fore edge Tail Right page, recto Left page, verso Gutter (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 10Scheme of common book design Belly band Flap Endpaper Book cover Head Fore edge Tail Right page, recto Left page, verso Gutter (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bookinfo.svg/120px-Bookinfo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bookinfo.svg/180px-Bookinfo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bookinfo.svg/240px-Bookinfo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>Scheme of common <a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">book design</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"><div><ol><li>Belly band</li><li>Flap</li><li><a href="/wiki/Endpapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Endpapers">Endpaper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">Book cover</a></li><li>Head</li><li>Fore edge</li><li>Tail</li><li>Right page, recto</li><li>Left page, verso</li><li>Gutter</li></ol></div></div> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York,_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories;_a_Book_for_Boys.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11A twentieth-century copyright imprint from McLoughlin Bros that features three rams and the copyright year, 1903 (from History of books)"><img alt="A copyright imprint from McLoughlin Bros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York%2C_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories%3B_a_Book_for_Boys.png/120px-Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York%2C_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories%3B_a_Book_for_Boys.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York%2C_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories%3B_a_Book_for_Boys.png/180px-Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York%2C_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories%3B_a_Book_for_Boys.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York%2C_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories%3B_a_Book_for_Boys.png/240px-Copyright_BY_McLoughlin_Bros._1993_New_York%2C_Hunting_and_Trapping_Stories%3B_a_Book_for_Boys.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>A twentieth-century copyright imprint from McLoughlin Bros that features three rams and the copyright year, 1903 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Hardbound book spine stitching (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 12Hardbound book spine stitching (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg/120px-Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg/180px-Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg/240px-Stitching_with_dark_sashes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>Hardbound book spine stitching (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_Conservators,_Mitchell_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Book conservators at the State Library of New South Wales, 1943 (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 13Book conservators at the State Library of New South Wales, 1943 (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Book_Conservators%2C_Mitchell_Building.jpg/120px-Book_Conservators%2C_Mitchell_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Book_Conservators%2C_Mitchell_Building.jpg/180px-Book_Conservators%2C_Mitchell_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Book_Conservators%2C_Mitchell_Building.jpg/240px-Book_Conservators%2C_Mitchell_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>Book conservators at the State Library of New South Wales, 1943 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1412-metre-high (40 ft) sculpture of a stack of books at the Berlin Walk of Ideas, commemorating the invention of modern book printing (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 1412-metre-high (40 ft) sculpture of a stack of books at the Berlin Walk of Ideas, commemorating the invention of modern book printing (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG/90px-Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG/135px-Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG/180px-Printing3_Walk_of_Ideas_Berlin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>12-metre-high (40 ft) sculpture of a stack of books at the Berlin <a href="/wiki/Walk_of_Ideas" title="Walk of Ideas">Walk of Ideas</a>, commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">invention of modern book printing</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookspine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Modern book spine designs (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 15Modern book spine designs (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bookspine.jpg/120px-Bookspine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bookspine.jpg/180px-Bookspine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bookspine.jpg/240px-Bookspine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Modern book spine designs (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Side_book_flat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Traditionally sewn book opened flat (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 16Traditionally sewn book opened flat (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Side_book_flat.jpg/120px-Side_book_flat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Side_book_flat.jpg/180px-Side_book_flat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Side_book_flat.jpg/240px-Side_book_flat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="169" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Traditionally sewn book opened flat (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Example of blind tooling a book binding with exquisite detail (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 17Example of blind tooling a book binding with exquisite detail (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg/94px-Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg/141px-Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg/188px-Blind_tooling-Craft_Horizons_1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Example of blind tooling a book binding with exquisite detail (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18Early medieval bookcase containing about ten codices depicted in the Codex Amiatinus (c. 700) (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 18Early medieval bookcase containing about ten codices depicted in the Codex Amiatinus (c. 700) (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg/83px-Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg/125px-Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg/167px-Meister_des_Codex_Amiatus_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2266" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>Early medieval <a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcase</a> containing about ten codices depicted in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Codex_Amiatinus" title="Codex Amiatinus">Codex Amiatinus</a></i></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 700</span>) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19The Book of the Dead of Hunefer, c. 1275 BCE, ink and pigments on papyrus, in the British Museum (London) (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 19The Book of the Dead of Hunefer, c. 1275 BCE, ink and pigments on papyrus, in the British Museum (London) (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg/120px-Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg/180px-Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg/240px-Book_of_the_Dead_of_Hunefer_sheet_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>The <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Hunefer" title="Hunefer">Hunefer</a>, c. 1275 BCE, ink and pigments on papyrus, in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> (London) (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Chinese Bookseller, illustration, c. 1824 (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 20Chinese Bookseller, illustration, c. 1824 (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg/94px-Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg/140px-Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg/187px-Chinese_bookseller_1824_V1-FL14863983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>Chinese Bookseller, illustration, c. 1824 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt,_and_next_to_him,_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Photograph of a printing press in Egypt, c. 1922 (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 21Photograph of a printing press in Egypt, c. 1922 (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt%2C_and_next_to_him%2C_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg/120px-His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt%2C_and_next_to_him%2C_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt%2C_and_next_to_him%2C_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg/180px-His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt%2C_and_next_to_him%2C_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt%2C_and_next_to_him%2C_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg/240px-His_Highness_Prince_Muhammad_Ali_visits_the_printing_press_of_Egypt%2C_and_next_to_him%2C_Talaat_Pasha_Harb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="938" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>Photograph of a printing press in Egypt, c. 1922 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Hardbound book with half leather binding (spine and corners) and marbled boards (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 22Hardbound book with half leather binding (spine and corners) and marbled boards (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg/120px-Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg/180px-Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg/240px-Dickens_Great_Expectations_in_Half_Leather_Binding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Hardbound book with half leather binding (spine and corners) and marbled boards (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23A 15th-century Incunable. Notice the blind-tooled cover, corner bosses, and clasps. (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 23A 15th-century Incunable. Notice the blind-tooled cover, corner bosses, and clasps. (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg/87px-Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg/131px-Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg/175px-Bucheinband.15.Jh.r.Inkunabel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="2708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>A 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">Incunable</a>. Notice the blind-tooled cover, corner bosses, and clasps. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24A Chinese bamboo book (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 24A Chinese bamboo book (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg/104px-Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg/155px-Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg/207px-Bamboo_book_-_binding_-_UCR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>A Chinese bamboo book (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quran_rzabasi1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 259th-century Qur'an in Reza Abbasi Museum (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 259th-century Qur'an in Reza Abbasi Museum (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Quran_rzabasi1.JPG/120px-Quran_rzabasi1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Quran_rzabasi1.JPG/180px-Quran_rzabasi1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Quran_rzabasi1.JPG/240px-Quran_rzabasi1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="2394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>9th-century Qur'an in <a href="/wiki/Reza_Abbasi_Museum" title="Reza Abbasi Museum">Reza Abbasi Museum</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26European output of manuscripts 500–1500 (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 26European output of manuscripts 500–1500 (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png/120px-European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png/180px-European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png/240px-European_Output_of_Manuscripts_500%E2%80%931500.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>European output of manuscripts 500–1500 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_board_marbling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27Marbled book board from a book published in London in 1872 (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 27Marbled book board from a book published in London in 1872 (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Book_board_marbling.jpg/93px-Book_board_marbling.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Book_board_marbling.jpg/139px-Book_board_marbling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Book_board_marbling.jpg/185px-Book_board_marbling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span><a href="/wiki/Paper_marbling" title="Paper marbling">Marbled</a> book board from a book published in London in 1872 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28European output of books 500–1800 (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 28European output of books 500–1800 (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png/120px-European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png/180px-European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png/240px-European_Output_of_Books_500%E2%80%931800.png 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span>European output of books 500–1800 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anonymous_-_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript,_Kalpa-sutra,_Text_(recto),_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript,_Kalpa-sutra,_Birth_of_Mahavira,_folio_40_(verso)_-_1976.27_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29Page from a Jain manuscript depicting the birth of Mahavira, c. 1400 (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 29Page from a Jain manuscript depicting the birth of Mahavira, c. 1400 (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anonymous_-_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript%2C_Kalpa-sutra%2C_Text_%28recto%29%2C_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript%2C_Kalpa-sutra%2C_Birth_of_Mahavira%2C_folio_40_%28verso%29_-_1976.27_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tiff/lossy-page1-120px-thumbnail.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anonymous_-_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript%2C_Kalpa-sutra%2C_Text_%28recto%29%2C_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript%2C_Kalpa-sutra%2C_Birth_of_Mahavira%2C_folio_40_%28verso%29_-_1976.27_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tiff/lossy-page1-180px-thumbnail.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anonymous_-_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript%2C_Kalpa-sutra%2C_Text_%28recto%29%2C_Leaf_from_a_Jain_Manuscript%2C_Kalpa-sutra%2C_Birth_of_Mahavira%2C_folio_40_%28verso%29_-_1976.27_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tiff/lossy-page1-240px-thumbnail.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="2836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>Page from a Jain manuscript depicting the birth of <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>, c. 1400 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih,_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum,_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30A Sumerian clay tablet, currently housed in the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, inscribed with the text of the poem Inanna and Ebih by the priestess Enheduanna, the first author whose name is known"><img alt="(from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih%2C_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG/92px-Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih%2C_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih%2C_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG/138px-Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih%2C_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih%2C_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG/184px-Tablet_describing_goddess_Inanna%27s_battle_with_the_mountain_Ebih%2C_Sumerian_-_Oriental_Institute_Museum%2C_University_of_Chicago_-_DSC07117.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3509" data-file-height="4571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">clay tablet</a>, currently housed in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Oriental_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago Oriental Institute">Oriental Institute</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, inscribed with the text of the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Inanna#Justice_myths" title="Inanna">Inanna and Ebih</a></i> by the priestess <a href="/wiki/Enheduanna" title="Enheduanna">Enheduanna</a>, the first author whose name is known</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookspine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31The spine of the book is an important aspect in book design, especially in the cover design. When the books are stacked up or stored in a shelf, the details on the spine is the only visible surface that contains the information about the book. In a book store, it is often the details on the spine that attract the attention first. (from Book design)"><img alt="Image 31The spine of the book is an important aspect in book design, especially in the cover design. When the books are stacked up or stored in a shelf, the details on the spine is the only visible surface that contains the information about the book. In a book store, it is often the details on the spine that attract the attention first. (from Book design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bookspine.jpg/120px-Bookspine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bookspine.jpg/180px-Bookspine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bookspine.jpg/240px-Bookspine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Spine_(bookbinding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spine (bookbinding)">spine</a> of the book is an important aspect in book design, especially in the cover design. When the books are stacked up or stored in a shelf, the details on the spine is the only visible surface that contains the information about the book. In a book store, it is often the details on the spine that attract the attention first. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_section_in_book_design.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Page spread with J. A. van de Graaf's construction of classical text area (print space) and margin proportions (from Book design)"><img alt="Image 32Page spread with J. A. van de Graaf's construction of classical text area (print space) and margin proportions (from Book design)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Golden_section_in_book_design.svg/120px-Golden_section_in_book_design.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Golden_section_in_book_design.svg/180px-Golden_section_in_book_design.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Golden_section_in_book_design.svg/240px-Golden_section_in_book_design.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>Page spread with <a href="/wiki/Canons_of_page_construction" title="Canons of page construction">J. A. van de Graaf's construction</a> of classical text area (<i>print space</i>) and margin proportions (from <b><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_(The_Madonna_of_the_Book)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33The scene in Botticelli's Madonna of the Book (1480) reflects the presence of books in the houses of richer people in his time. (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 33The scene in Botticelli's Madonna of the Book (1480) reflects the presence of books in the houses of richer people in his time. (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_%28The_Madonna_of_the_Book%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/82px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_%28The_Madonna_of_the_Book%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_%28The_Madonna_of_the_Book%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/122px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_%28The_Madonna_of_the_Book%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_%28The_Madonna_of_the_Book%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/163px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_The_Virgin_and_Child_%28The_Madonna_of_the_Book%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6811" data-file-height="10001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>The scene in <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Botticelli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_the_Book" title="Madonna of the Book">Madonna of the Book</a></i> (1480) reflects the presence of books in the houses of richer people in his time. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relieur_JPG01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34A traditional bookbinder at work (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 34A traditional bookbinder at work (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Relieur_JPG01.jpg/81px-Relieur_JPG01.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Relieur_JPG01.jpg/122px-Relieur_JPG01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Relieur_JPG01.jpg/163px-Relieur_JPG01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2446" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span>A traditional bookbinder at work (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35Three books with different titling orientations: (left) ascending (middle) descending (right) upright (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 35Three books with different titling orientations: (left) ascending (middle) descending (right) upright (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg/38px-A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg" decoding="async" width="38" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg/58px-A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg/77px-A_selection_of_Sophie_Calle_books_spine_titling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span>Three books with different titling orientations:<br /> (left) ascending <br />(middle) descending <br />(right) upright (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dresden_codex,_page_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36Dresden Codex (page 49) (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 36Dresden Codex (page 49) (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dresden_codex%2C_page_2.jpg/55px-Dresden_codex%2C_page_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dresden_codex%2C_page_2.jpg/83px-Dresden_codex%2C_page_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dresden_codex%2C_page_2.jpg/110px-Dresden_codex%2C_page_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="4886" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Codex" title="Dresden Codex">Dresden Codex</a> (page 49) (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37An author portrait of Jean Miélot writing his compilation of the Miracles of Our Lady, one of his many popular works. (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 37An author portrait of Jean Miélot writing his compilation of the Miracles of Our Lady, one of his many popular works. (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg/120px-Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg/180px-Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg/240px-Tavernier_Jean_Mielot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span>An author portrait of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Mi%C3%A9lot" title="Jean Miélot">Jean Miélot</a> writing his compilation of the <i>Miracles of Our Lady</i>, one of his many popular works. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh,_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38Folio from the Shah Jahan Album, c. 1620, depicting the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 38Folio from the Shah Jahan Album, c. 1620, depicting the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh%2C_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg/80px-Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh%2C_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh%2C_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg/120px-Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh%2C_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh%2C_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg/160px-Nanha._The_Emperor_Shah_Jahan_with_his_Son_Dara_Shikoh%2C_Folio_from_the_Shah_Jahan_Album_ca._1620_Metmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2485" data-file-height="3722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span>Folio from the <i><b>Shah Jahan Album</b></i>, c. 1620, depicting the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liber_Landavensis_binding.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39Decorative binding with figurehead of the 12th century manuscript Liber Landavensis (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 39Decorative binding with figurehead of the 12th century manuscript Liber Landavensis (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Liber_Landavensis_binding.png/120px-Liber_Landavensis_binding.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Liber_Landavensis_binding.png/180px-Liber_Landavensis_binding.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Liber_Landavensis_binding.png/240px-Liber_Landavensis_binding.png 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span>Decorative binding with figurehead of the 12th century manuscript <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Liber_Landavensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Landavensis">Liber Landavensis</a></i></span> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Restore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40Rebacking saving original spine, showing one volume finished and one untouched (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 40Rebacking saving original spine, showing one volume finished and one untouched (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Restore.jpg/99px-Restore.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Restore.jpg/148px-Restore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Restore.jpg/197px-Restore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>Rebacking saving original spine, showing one volume finished and one untouched (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilnolihi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41Cloth book cover with attached paper panel, mimicking half leather binding (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 41Cloth book cover with attached paper panel, mimicking half leather binding (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ilnolihi.jpg/97px-Ilnolihi.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ilnolihi.jpg/146px-Ilnolihi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ilnolihi.jpg/195px-Ilnolihi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span>Cloth book cover with attached paper panel, mimicking half leather binding (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42Modern paperback spines (from Bookbinding)"><img alt="Image 42Modern paperback spines (from Bookbinding)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg/120px-Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg/180px-Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg/240px-Modern_paperback_spines_of_NHK_Books_in_Tokyo_20040116.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="1713" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>Modern <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> spines (from <b><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Jikji, Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type, 1377. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris. (from History of books)"><img alt="Image 43Jikji, Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type, 1377. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris. (from History of books)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/120px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/180px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/240px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span><i>Jikji</i>, <i>Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters</i>, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type, 1377. <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque Nationale de France">Bibliothèque Nationale de France</a>, Paris. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FBooks_lists&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Books_lists" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Books lists</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_books" title="Category:Lists of books">Lists of books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_novels" title="Category:Lists of novels">Lists of novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_controversial_books" title="Category:Lists of controversial books">Lists of controversial books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_books" class="mw-redirect" title="List of banned books">List of banned books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_by_genre_or_type" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books by genre or type">List of books by genre or type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book_titles_taken_from_literature" title="List of book titles taken from literature">List of book titles taken from literature</a></li></ul> <div style="float:right"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_books" title="Category:Lists of books">More list articles</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FWikiProjects&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a> that are related to Books </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bibliographies" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Literature" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Poetry" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FCategories&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Categories" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Categories</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/40px-C_Puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/60px-C_Puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/80px-C_Puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_design" title="Category:Book design">Book design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_publishing_companies" title="Category:Book publishing companies">Book publishing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_author" title="Category:Books by author">Books by author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_award" title="Category:Books by award">Books by award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_country" title="Category:Books by country">Books by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_genre" title="Category:Books by genre">Books by genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_type" title="Category:Books by type">Books by type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_year" title="Category:Books by year">Books by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bookstores" title="Category:Bookstores">Bookstores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_fairs" title="Category:Book fairs">Book fairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Series_of_books" title="Category:Series of books">Series of books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Upcoming_books" title="Category:Upcoming books">Upcoming books</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Full category tree</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small>Select [►] to view subcategories</small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books" title="Category:Books">Books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_country" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_country" title="Category:Books by country">Books by country</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_cover_artist" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_cover_artist" title="Category:Books by cover artist">Books by cover artist</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_date" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_date" title="Category:Books by date">Books by date</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_genre" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_genre" title="Category:Books by genre">Books by genre</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_language" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_language" title="Category:Books by language">Books by language</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_medium" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_medium" title="Category:Books by medium">Books by medium</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_publisher" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_publisher" title="Category:Books by publisher">Books by publisher</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_source" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_source" title="Category:Books by source">Books by source</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_topic" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_topic" title="Category:Books by topic">Books by topic</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_type" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_type" title="Category:Books by type">Books by type</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_writer" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_writer" title="Category:Books by writer">Books by writer</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_withdrawn_after_publication" title="Category:Books withdrawn after publication">Books withdrawn after publication</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_adapted_for_other_media" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_adapted_for_other_media" title="Category:Books adapted for other media">Books adapted for other media</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Lists_of_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_books" title="Category:Lists of books">Lists of books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Works_about_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_books" title="Category:Works about books">Works about books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Works_based_on_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_based_on_books" title="Category:Works based on books">Works based on books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_in_art" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_in_art" title="Category:Books in art">Books in art</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_arts" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_arts" title="Category:Book arts">Book arts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Award-winning_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Award-winning_books" title="Category:Award-winning books">Award-winning books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Bibliography" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bibliography" title="Category:Bibliography">Bibliography</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bibliomancy" title="Category:Bibliomancy">Bibliomancy</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_cover_images_by_writer" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_cover_images_by_writer" title="Category:Book cover images by writer">Book cover images by writer</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Greek_authors" title="Category:Books by Greek authors">Books by Greek authors</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Bookselling" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bookselling" title="Category:Bookselling">Bookselling</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_censorship" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_censorship" title="Category:Book censorship">Book censorship</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coats_of_arms_with_books" title="Category:Coats of arms with books">Coats of arms with books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_collecting" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_collecting" title="Category:Book collecting">Book collecting</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_databases" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_databases" title="Category:Book databases">Book databases</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Debut_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Debut_books" title="Category:Debut books">Debut books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_distributors" title="Category:Book distributors">Book distributors</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_written_in_fictional_dialects" title="Category:Books written in fictional dialects">Books written in fictional dialects</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_franchises" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_franchises" title="Category:Book franchises">Book franchises</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="History_of_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_books" title="Category:History of books">History of books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_by_illustrator" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_illustrator" title="Category:Books by illustrator">Books by illustrator</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Islamic_arts_of_the_book" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_arts_of_the_book" title="Category:Islamic arts of the book">Islamic arts of the book</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_set_on_islands" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_set_on_islands" title="Category:Books set on islands">Books set on islands</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_leaks" title="Category:Book leaks">Book leaks</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_logos" title="Category:Book logos">Book logos</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="People_associated_with_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_books" title="Category:People associated with books">People associated with books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_involved_in_plagiarism_controversies" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_involved_in_plagiarism_controversies" title="Category:Books involved in plagiarism controversies">Books involved in plagiarism controversies</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Primary_source_collections" title="Category:Primary source collections">Primary source collections</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_promotion" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_promotion" title="Category:Book promotion">Book promotion</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Public_domain_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Public_domain_books" title="Category:Public domain books">Public domain books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Books_published_posthumously" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_published_posthumously" title="Category:Books published posthumously">Books published posthumously</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_publishing" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_publishing" title="Category:Book publishing">Book publishing</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Puyas" title="Category:Puyas">Puyas</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_rental" title="Category:Book rental">Book rental</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_reviews" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_reviews" title="Category:Book reviews">Book reviews</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Sequel_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sequel_books" title="Category:Sequel books">Sequel books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Series_of_books" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Series_of_books" title="Category:Series of books">Series of books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Set_index_articles_on_books" title="Category:Set index articles on books">Set index articles on books</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_smuggling" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_smuggling" title="Category:Book smuggling">Book smuggling</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_soundtracks" title="Category:Book soundtracks">Book soundtracks</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_swapping" title="Category:Book swapping">Book swapping</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_terminology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_terminology" title="Category:Book terminology">Book terminology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_websites" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_websites" title="Category:Book websites">Book websites</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Book_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_stubs" title="Category:Book stubs">Book stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FThings_you_can_do&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/55px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/83px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/110px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="font-size:98%;"> <ul><li>Find news articles regarding notable books and add them to the "In the news" section.</li> <li>Expand this portal and book-related articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Jamaican_books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Jamaican books (page does not exist)">List of Jamaican books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Starting_an_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Starting an article">Create new articles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_books" title="Lists of books">Lists of books</a> provides a comprehensive list of notable books, many of which have no articles.</li> <li>Add references: <a href="/wiki/List_of_CEO_books" class="mw-redirect" title="List of CEO books">List of CEO books</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_anonymously_published_works" title="List of anonymously published works">List of anonymously published works</a></li> <li>Make this portal more complete: <ul><li>Add <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WPBooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:WPBooks">WPBooks</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to the Talk pages of articles about notable books – but try to add an initial Assessment from the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Books">Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books</a></li> <li>Add <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Portal" title="Template:Portal">Portal</a>|Books}}</code> to appropriate articles within the subject</li></ul></li> <li>Anything else you can think of doing.</li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3ABooks%2FWeb_resources&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Web_resources" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Web resources</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/don/don.html">Bookbinding and the Conservation of books, A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, 1982</a> by Matt T. Roberts and Don Etherington<br /></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioba.org/terms.html">IOBA glossary of book terms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/">Project Gutenberg - Free e-Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/wordsatlarge/">Words at Large: The best in books from CBC.ca</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books/Web_resources&action=edit">add</a> more!</i></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#600517;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#FCC200;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#600517;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3AWikimediaForPortals&action=edit"><span style="color:#600517">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#600517;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #600517;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Books" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Books">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Books">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Books">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Books">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Books">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Books">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Books">Wikispecies</a></span><br />Directory of species</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Books">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/Books">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Books" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Books">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <p><i class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Portal:Books" title="Special:Purge/Portal:Books"><small>Purge server cache</small></a></i> </p> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&oldid=1226534573">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&oldid=1226534573</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_portals" title="Category:All portals">All portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arts_portals" title="Category:Arts portals">Arts portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_portal" title="Category:Books portal">Books portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Books" title="Category:WikiProject Books">WikiProject Books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_portals" title="Category:Literature portals">Literature portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books" title="Category:Books">Books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature" title="Category:Literature">Literature</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Indonesian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Indonesian IPA">Pages with Indonesian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portals_with_triaged_subpages_from_April_2020" title="Category:Portals with triaged subpages from April 2020">Portals with triaged subpages from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_portals_with_triaged_subpages" title="Category:All portals with triaged subpages">All portals with triaged subpages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portals_with_no_named_maintainer" title="Category:Portals with no named maintainer">Portals with no named maintainer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Automated_article-slideshow_portals_with_51%E2%80%93100_articles_in_article_list" title="Category:Automated article-slideshow portals with 51–100 articles in article list">Automated article-slideshow portals with 51–100 articles in article list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Random_portal_component_with_11%E2%80%9315_available_image_subpages" title="Category:Random portal component with 11–15 available image subpages">Random portal component with 11–15 available image subpages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Automated_article-slideshow_portals_with_201%E2%80%93500_articles_in_article_list" title="Category:Automated article-slideshow portals with 201–500 articles in article list">Automated article-slideshow portals with 201–500 articles in article list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Random_portal_component_with_11%E2%80%9315_available_subpages" title="Category:Random portal component with 11–15 available subpages">Random portal component with 11–15 available subpages</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 May 2024, at 07:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Books&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-ggsjl","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.352","walltime":"5.099","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3946,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":228285,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12821,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":270149,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4818.985 1 -total"," 89.70% 4322.641 1 Template:Flex_columns"," 38.27% 1844.194 11 Template:Main_other"," 37.99% 1830.760 1 Template:Transclude_files_as_random_slideshow"," 26.47% 1275.591 2 Template:Transclude_list_item_excerpts_as_random_slideshow"," 18.91% 911.319 1 Template:Transclude_selected_recent_additions"," 3.45% 166.110 1 Portal:Books/Intro"," 3.21% 154.532 1 Template:IPA"," 2.63% 126.828 1 Template:Transclude_lead_excerpt"," 1.80% 86.838 1 Portal:Books/Books_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.849","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25622724,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","980","24.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","480","12.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gmatch_callback","460","11.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","460","11.6"],["?","420","10.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","360","9.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::len","140","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::redirectTarget","140","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getContent","60","1.5"],["[others]","260","6.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-l7hrz","timestamp":"20241127202257","ttl":21600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>