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(PDF) Bergson's Memory Theory vs. Brain Physiology
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="9dcxcl3RagNz5OQLqwZ3WM8L1AbQWY8BgI31iuaaZF8vPXTjn4remjLdP9Khgx5MrTVIoERxaMcCQaWAF35gDw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="kiyokazu nakatomi" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/65574183/The_Memory_Theory_of_Bergson_and_Brain_Physiology_From_Dualism_to_Monism" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/116172915/30074825/104469593/s200_kiyokazu.nakatomi.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/65574183/The_Memory_Theory_of_Bergson_and_Brain_Physiology_From_Dualism_to_Monism" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/knakatomi" /> <meta name="description" content="The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and" /> <title>(PDF) Bergson's Memory Theory vs. Brain Physiology</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/65574183/The_Memory_Theory_of_Bergson_and_Brain_Physiology_From_Dualism_to_Monism" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '4fa2af9c4f363dba70f41e510d9d86aae76f6ed9'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740155669000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740155669000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and spiritual. According to Bergson, the brain is only an instrument of memory power and memory is spirit and reality that exist from the brain independently. He negated the theory of location of memory and argued the brain and memory from the whole theory of the brain. Well, what is the meaning of his memory and brain theory from the view point of contemporary brain physiology? Are his memory and brain theory fit for contemporary brain physiology? I want to conclude the confrontation between the theory of Bergson and contemporary brain physiology comparing the theories of Bergson and Wilder Penfield (1891-1979) who was the most famous brain surgeon in Canada. The conclusion is that dualism is amended to monism by the quantum theory, the idea of Bio...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"kiyokazu nakatomi","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/knakatomi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-12-22","dateModified":"2025-02-01","datePublished":"2017-01-01","headline":"The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77109562/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Philosophy","humanum"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77109562/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65574183/The_Memory_Theory_of_Bergson_and_Brain_Physiology_From_Dualism_to_Monism"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 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= {"work":{"id":65574183,"created_at":"2021-12-22T15:05:21.250-08:00","from_world_paper_id":188638220,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T07:15:27.180-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and spiritual. According to Bergson, the brain is only an instrument of memory power and memory is spirit and reality that exist from the brain independently. He negated the theory of location of memory and argued the brain and memory from the whole theory of the brain. Well, what is the meaning of his memory and brain theory from the view point of contemporary brain physiology? Are his memory and brain theory fit for contemporary brain physiology? I want to conclude the confrontation between the theory of Bergson and contemporary brain physiology comparing the theories of Bergson and Wilder Penfield (1891-1979) who was the most famous brain surgeon in Canada. The conclusion is that dualism is amended to monism by the quantum theory, the idea of Bio...","ai_title_tag":"Bergson's Memory Theory vs. Brain Physiology","publication_date":"2017,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [116172915]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":77109562,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/77109562/mini_magick20211222-4184-1bqo9x5.png?1640214457" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Memory Theory of Bergson and Brain Physiology -From Dualism to Monism</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116172915" href="https://independent.academia.edu/knakatomi"><img alt="Profile image of kiyokazu nakatomi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/116172915/30074825/104469593/s65_kiyokazu.nakatomi.jpg" />kiyokazu nakatomi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 65574183; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The brain is not a place to store memory’ is the famous thesis that was proposed in “Matter and Memory” chapter 2. From there, Bergson demonstrates that memory exists from the brain independently and the quality of memory is non-material and spiritual. According to Bergson, the brain is only an instrument of memory power and memory is spirit and reality that exist from the brain independently. He negated the theory of location of memory and argued the brain and memory from the whole theory of the brain. Well, what is the meaning of his memory and brain theory from the view point of contemporary brain physiology? Are his memory and brain theory fit for contemporary brain physiology? I want to conclude the confrontation between the theory of Bergson and contemporary brain physiology comparing the theories of Bergson and Wilder Penfield (1891-1979) who was the most famous brain surgeon in Canada. The conclusion is that dualism is amended to monism by the quantum theory, the idea of Bio...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":77109562,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/65574183/The_Memory_Theory_of_Bergson_and_Brain_Physiology_From_Dualism_to_Monism"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":77109562,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/65574183/The_Memory_Theory_of_Bergson_and_Brain_Physiology_From_Dualism_to_Monism"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Further, the relation of "quantum theory" to Bergson's philosophy is shortly described. We discuss the importance of Bergson's concepts to "Quantum Methodology" and modern science.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bergson’s Intuition and Memory in View of NeuroQuantology","attachmentId":42962448,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22325642/Bergson_s_Intuition_and_Memory_in_View_of_NeuroQuantology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22325642/Bergson_s_Intuition_and_Memory_in_View_of_NeuroQuantology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="44200506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44200506/Is_Experience_Stored_in_the_Brain_A_Current_Model_of_Memory_and_the_Temporal_Metaphysic_of_Bergson">Is Experience Stored in the Brain? A Current Model of Memory and the Temporal Metaphysic of Bergson</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50556327" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenRobbins1">Stephen E Robbins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Axiomathes, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In discussion on consciousness and the hard problem, there is an unquestioned background assumption, namely, our experience is stored in the brain. Yet Bergson (1896) argued that this very question, “Is experience stored in the brain?” is the critical issue in the problem of consciousness. His examination of then-current memory research led him, save for motor or procedural memory, to a “no” answer. Others, for example Sheldrake (2012), have continued this negative assessment of the research findings. So, has this assumption actually been proven since Bergson? Do we know how experience is stored? Or that it is stored? Here, a recent review and model of memory is examined to see where this assumption actually stands. Again, the assessment will be that nothing has changed. The core of the problem, it will be argued, lies in two things: Firstly, the search for how/where experience is stored is motivated – rephrasing Bergson – in the classic metaphysic, a framework on space and time whose logic cannot be coherently, logically adhered to in attempting to explain how experience is stored. Secondly, the search generally assumes an inadequate theory of perception that is implicitly based in this classic metaphysic. If framed within Bergson’s model of perception and his temporal metaphysic, conjoined with J. J. Gibson’s model, the storage-search appears misguided from the start.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Is Experience Stored in the Brain? 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The page references are to Matter and Memory, trans. N. Paul and W.S. Palmer (New York: Zone Books, 1991).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bergson, Matter and Memory, Summary.doc","attachmentId":58384792,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38333585/Bergson_Matter_and_Memory_Summary_doc","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38333585/Bergson_Matter_and_Memory_Summary_doc"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="88826637" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88826637/Bergson_on_Innovative_Memory">Bergson on Innovative Memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28202912" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/YuliaHoffmann">Yulia Hoffmann</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bergson on Innovative Memory","attachmentId":92731476,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88826637/Bergson_on_Innovative_Memory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88826637/Bergson_on_Innovative_Memory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="82854957" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82854957/Is_the_brain_a_memory_box">Is the brain a memory box?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51513" href="https://uh.academia.edu/AnneJacobson">Anne Jacobson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bickle argues for both a narrow causal reductionism, and a broader ontologicalexplanatory reductionism. The former is more successful than the latter. I argue that the central and unsolved problem in Bickle's approach to reductionism involves the nature of psychological terms. Investigating why the broader reductionism fails indicates ways in which phenomenology remains more than a handmaiden of neuroscience.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Is the brain a memory box?","attachmentId":88420997,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82854957/Is_the_brain_a_memory_box","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82854957/Is_the_brain_a_memory_box"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="11076518" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11076518/William_Clower_review_of_Philosophy_and_Memory_Traces_J_Hist_Neuroscis_2000">William Clower, review of *Philosophy and Memory Traces*, J Hist Neuroscis 2000</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="176044" href="https://mq.academia.edu/JohnSutton">John Sutton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 9 (3), 2000, 324-327, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Compelling ... relies on an intimate understanding of the current philosophy of science and history of memory and philosophy of mind. This is clearly a very important work [which] successfully ties in historical, scientific, philosophic, and social elements in the transition of memory theories.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"William Clower, review of *Philosophy and Memory Traces*, J Hist Neuroscis 2000","attachmentId":36767499,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11076518/William_Clower_review_of_Philosophy_and_Memory_Traces_J_Hist_Neuroscis_2000","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11076518/William_Clower_review_of_Philosophy_and_Memory_Traces_J_Hist_Neuroscis_2000"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="35212186" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35212186/Some_basic_problems_with_the_use_of_psychologic_in_the_study_of_memory">Some basic problems with the use of “psychologic” in the study of memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97094" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnRichardson">John S Richardson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Some basic probfems with the use of "psychologic" in the study of memory In his paper, "Psychologic and the study of memov", Smedslund attempts to construct a logical system consisting of axioms, propositions, lemmas, and corollaries in which the supposed principles of memory research can be dmwn to be necessarily true. This in turn is intended to be subsumed within a broader system of psychological truths Or "Psychologic". la this commentary, I examine, in tUm, the authority for these claims, the account of necessary truth, the possibility of conceptual development in memory research, and the nature of the "principles" that Smedslund d~scribes,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some basic problems with the use of “psychologic” in the study of memory","attachmentId":55072241,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35212186/Some_basic_problems_with_the_use_of_psychologic_in_the_study_of_memory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35212186/Some_basic_problems_with_the_use_of_psychologic_in_the_study_of_memory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="98297178" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98297178/Stored_memories_in_the_brain_Dr_Sam_Youssef">Stored memories in the brain Dr Sam Youssef</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139620206" href="https://gcu.academia.edu/HossamSamYoussefPhDPsyThDMSc">Hossam (Sam) Youssef Ph.D., Psy.ThD., M.Sc.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Grand Canyon University, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The idea that memories might persist in the brain long after they have been "erased" from conscious awareness is intriguing. Engrams, also known as memory traces, are thought to be the chemical and physical representations of memories kept in the human brain. It is possible that these traces play a key role in understanding how new memories are produced and kept, even though their exact nature is still up for debate. According to Josselyn and Tonegawa (2020), a fascinating new phase in memory research has begun thanks to the discovery and manipulation of engram cells and brain wide engram complexes. According to Nambu et al. (2022), scientists and philosophers have struggled with the subject of where and how memories are recorded and recovered for millennia. Richard Semon first proposed the idea of memory engrams in 1904.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Stored memories in the brain Dr Sam Youssef","attachmentId":99687306,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98297178/Stored_memories_in_the_brain_Dr_Sam_Youssef","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98297178/Stored_memories_in_the_brain_Dr_Sam_Youssef"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":77109562,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":77109562,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_77109562" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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