CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Duchy of Austria - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ba84e3d1-67a6-4a4f-afea-598e4a28d73a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Duchy_of_Austria","wgTitle":"Duchy of Austria","wgCurRevisionId":1254568840,"wgRevisionId":1254568840,"wgArticleId":6490884,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from January 2023","All articles needing additional references","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters", "Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters","Coordinates on Wikidata","Duchy of Austria","Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire","1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire","1156 establishments in Europe","1450s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire","1453 disestablishments in Europe","Former monarchies of Europe"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Duchy_of_Austria","wgRelevantArticleId":6490884,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":48.21666666666667,"lon":16.366666666666667},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3624335","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/1200px-Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="877"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/800px-Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="585"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/640px-Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="468"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Duchy of Austria - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Duchy_of_Austria rootpage-Duchy_of_Austria skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Duchy+of+Austria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Duchy+of+Austria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Duchy+of+Austria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Duchy+of+Austria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Babenberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Babenberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>House of Babenberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Babenberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortune_and_fall_of_King_Ottokar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortune_and_fall_of_King_Ottokar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fortune and fall of King Ottokar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortune_and_fall_of_King_Ottokar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Habsburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Habsburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>House of Habsburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Habsburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Austria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="دوقية النمسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوقية النمسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstriya_qrafl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Avstriya qraflığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avstriya qraflığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="اوتریش دوکلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوتریش دوکلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Австрия герцоглығы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Австрия герцоглығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Герцагства Аўстрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герцагства Аўстрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Херцогство Австрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Херцогство Австрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducat_d%27%C3%80ustria" title="Ducat d'Àustria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ducat d'Àustria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakousk%C3%A9_v%C3%A9vodstv%C3%AD" title="Rakouské vévodství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rakouské vévodství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertugd%C3%B8mmet_%C3%98strig" title="Hertugdømmet Østrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hertugdømmet Østrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_%C3%96sterreichs#Herzogtum_Österreich_unter_den_Babenbergern_(1156–1246)" title="Geschichte Österreichs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte Österreichs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_hertsogkond" title="Austria hertsogkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austria hertsogkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Δουκάτο της Αυστρίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δουκάτο της Αυστρίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducado_de_Austria" title="Ducado de Austria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ducado de Austria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="دوک‌نشین اتریش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوک‌نشین اتریش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_d%27Autriche" title="Duché d'Autriche – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Duché d'Autriche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="오스트리아 공국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스트리아 공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ավստրիայի դքսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավստրիայի դքսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijsko_Vojvodstvo" title="Austrijsko Vojvodstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Austrijsko Vojvodstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadipaten_Austria" title="Kadipaten Austria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kadipaten Austria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducato_d%27Austria" title="Ducato d'Austria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ducato d'Austria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="דוכסות אוסטריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוכסות אוסטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D" title="ავსტრიის საჰერცოგო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავსტრიის საჰერცოგო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijas_hercogiste" title="Austrijas hercogiste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Austrijas hercogiste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osztr%C3%A1k_Hercegs%C3%A9g" title="Osztrák Hercegség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Osztrák Hercegség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Војводство Австрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војводство Австрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertogdom_Oostenrijk" title="Hertogdom Oostenrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hertogdom Oostenrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="オーストリア公国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーストリア公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertugd%C3%B8mmet_%C3%98sterrike" title="Hertugdømmet Østerrike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hertugdømmet Østerrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99stwo_Austriackie" title="Księstwo Austriackie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księstwo Austriackie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducado_da_%C3%81ustria" title="Ducado da Áustria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ducado da Áustria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Герцогство Австрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герцогство Австрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojvodina_Avstrija" title="Vojvodina Avstrija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojvodina Avstrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Војводство Аустрија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Војводство Аустрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijsko_Vojvodstvo" title="Austrijsko Vojvodstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Austrijsko Vojvodstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4vallan_herttuakunta" title="Itävallan herttuakunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itävallan herttuakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertigd%C3%B6met_%C3%96sterrike" title="Hertigdömet Österrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hertigdömet Österrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avusturya_D%C3%BCkal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Avusturya Dükalığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avusturya Dükalığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Австрія (герцогство) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Австрія (герцогство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_%C3%81o" title="Công quốc Áo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công quốc Áo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="奥地利公国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥地利公国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3624335#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Duchy_of_Austria" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Duchy_of_Austria" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Duchy_of_Austria" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&oldid=1254568840" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Duchy_of_Austria&id=1254568840&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDuchy_of_Austria"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDuchy_of_Austria"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Duchy_of_Austria&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Austria" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3624335" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Duchy_of_Austria&params=48_13_N_16_22_E_source:ptwiki_region:AT_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°22′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.217°N 16.367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.217; 16.367</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of the Holy Roman Empire (1156–1453)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Duchy_of_Austria##" title="Talk:Duchy of Austria">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Duchy+of+Austria%22">"Duchy of Austria"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Duchy+of+Austria%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Duchy+of+Austria%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Duchy+of+Austria%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Duchy+of+Austria%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Duchy+of+Austria%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Duchy of Austria</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Austriae Ducatus</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text"><i lang="gmh">Herzogtuom Osteriche</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle High German language">Middle High German</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1156–1453</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria_(1-1).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Austria"><img alt="Flag of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Austria_%281-1%29.svg/110px-Flag_of_Austria_%281-1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Austria_%281-1%29.svg/165px-Flag_of_Austria_%281-1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Austria_%281-1%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Austria_%281-1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">Banner of arms</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ducal Shield of Austria"><img alt="Ducal Shield of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg/85px-Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg/128px-Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg/170px-Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="963" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of Austria">Ducal Shield</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_(1250).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Austrian duchy in the 13th century: Austria proper shown in solid red, the Duchy of Styria, an Austrian possession since 1192, in hatched red. The pale highlighted area roughly corresponds with the anachronistic Austrian Circle (est. 1512), and is merely for context. The rest of the Holy Roman Empire is shown in pale orange."><img alt="Map of the Austrian duchy in the 13th century: Austria proper shown in solid red, the Duchy of Styria, an Austrian possession since 1192, in hatched red. The pale highlighted area roughly corresponds with the anachronistic Austrian Circle (est. 1512), and is merely for context. The rest of the Holy Roman Empire is shown in pale orange." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/250px-Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/375px-Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/500px-Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2280" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of the Austrian duchy in the 13th century: Austria proper shown in solid red, the Duchy of Styria, an Austrian possession since 1192, in hatched red. The pale highlighted area roughly corresponds with the anachronistic <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian Circle</a> (est. 1512), and is merely for context. The rest of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> is shown in pale orange.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" title="Bavarian language">Austro-Bavarian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">Feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Austria">Duke of Austria</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1141–1177 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry II</a><br /><small>(first duke, from 1156)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1230–1246 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick II, Duke of Austria">Frederick II</a><br /><small>(last <a href="/wiki/Babenberg" title="Babenberg">Babenberg</a> duke)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1251–1276 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid dynasty</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1282–1291 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a><br /><small>(first <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> duke)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1440–1457 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_the_Posthumous" title="Ladislaus the Posthumous">Ladislaus I</a><br /><small>(last duke, archduke from 1453)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Minus" title="Privilegium Minus">Privilegium Minus</a></i> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 1156</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Georgenberg_Pact" title="Georgenberg Pact">Georgenberg Pact</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 August 1186</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Marchfeld" title="Battle on the Marchfeld">Battle on the Marchfeld</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 August 1278</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Maius" title="Privilegium Maius">Privilegium Maius</a></i> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1358/59</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuberg" title="Treaty of Neuberg">Treaty of Neuberg</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 September 1379</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduchy</a> recognized </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 January 1453</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AT" title="ISO 3166-2:AT">AT</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/CoA_Lower_Austria.svg/20px-CoA_Lower_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/CoA_Lower_Austria.svg/30px-CoA_Lower_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/CoA_Lower_Austria.svg/40px-CoA_Lower_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Margraviate of Austria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg/20px-Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg/40px-Arms_of_the_Archduchy_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="963" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Duchy of Styria under Babenbergs</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Duchy of Austria</b> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Austriae Ducatus</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span>; <span title="Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text"><i lang="gmh">Herzogtuom Osteriche</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle High German language">Middle High German</a>)</span>) was a medieval <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">principality</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, established in 1156 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Minus" title="Privilegium Minus">Privilegium Minus</a></i>, when the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Margraviate of Austria</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Austria" title="Name of Austria">Ostarrîchi</a></i>) was detached from <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and elevated to a <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a> in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ruling <a href="/wiki/Herzog" title="Herzog">dukes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">House of Babenberg</a> became extinct in male line, there was as much as three decades of rivalry on inheritance and rulership, until the German king <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a> took over the dominion as the first monarch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg dynasty</a> in 1276. Thereafter, Austria became the patrimony and ancestral homeland of the dynasty and the nucleus of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>. In 1453, the <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">archducal</a> title of the Austrian rulers, invented by Duke <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV</a> in the forged <i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Maius" title="Privilegium Maius">Privilegium Maius</a></i> of 1359, was officially acknowledged by the Habsburg emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, the duchy was comparatively small in area, roughly comprising the modern-day Austrian state of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a>. As a former <a href="/wiki/March_(territory)" title="March (territory)">border march</a>, it was located on the eastern periphery of the Empire, on the northern and southern shores of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> River, east of ("below") the <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">Enns</a> tributary. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Drosendorf-Zissersdorf" title="Drosendorf-Zissersdorf">Drosendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raabs_an_der_Thaya" title="Raabs an der Thaya">Raabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laa_an_der_Thaya" title="Laa an der Thaya">Laa</a> and other fortifications along the <a href="/wiki/Thaya" title="Thaya">Thaya River</a>, north of the historic <a href="/wiki/Waldviertel" title="Waldviertel">Waldviertel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weinviertel" title="Weinviertel">Weinviertel</a> regions and separated by the <a href="/wiki/Manhartsberg" title="Manhartsberg">Manhartsberg</a> range, marked the border with the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Duchy of Bohemia</a> (elevated to a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom</a> in 1198) and the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Moravian</a> lands, both of which were held by the Czech <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">Přemyslid dynasty</a>. In the east, the Imperial border with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>) had gradually shifted towards the plains of the <a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava River</a> and the eastern rim of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Basin" title="Vienna Basin">Vienna Basin</a>. On the right shore of the Danube, the lower <a href="/wiki/Leitha" title="Leitha">Leitha River</a> marked the Imperial–Hungarian border for centuries. In the south, Austria bordered the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Styrian</a> lands which were likewise elevated to a duchy, and unified with Austria in 1192. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory originally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/1st_century_BC" title="1st century BC">1st century BC</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">fall of the Western Roman Empire</a> in the late 5th century, the area was invaded by several <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic tribes</a> and from the 6th century onward settled by <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> as well as by <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> tribes, who about 600 founded the independent principality of <a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a> in the south. The <a href="/wiki/Avar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Avar Khaganate">Avar Khaganate</a> established in 567 comprised most of the later Austrian march up to the Enns river, where it bordered on the German <a href="/wiki/Stem_duchy" title="Stem duchy">stem duchy</a> of Bavaria. Temporarily part of <a href="/wiki/Samo%27s_Empire" title="Samo's Empire">Samo's Empire</a> from 631 to 658, the territory was under constant attack by the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> from 791 onward.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 800, Charlemagne, having won several victories against the Avars, established a frontier <a href="/wiki/March_(territorial_entity)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (territorial entity)">march</a> in the region between the Enns and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1ba" title="Rába">Raab</a> rivers, called the <a href="/wiki/Avar_March" title="Avar March">Avar March</a>, part of the <i>marcha orientalis</i>. The <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Frankish</a> margraviate was again lost to the invading <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Magyars</a> at the 907 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pressburg" title="Battle of Pressburg">Battle of Pressburg</a>, and re-established as the Bavarian March of Austria after King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I of Germany</a>'s victory at the 955 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld" title="Battle of Lechfeld">Battle of Lechfeld</a>. In 976 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a> enfeoffed the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">Babenberg</a> count <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Margrave of Austria">Leopold the Illustrious</a> with the Austrian margraviate. A large-scale German settlement (<i><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a></i>) along the Danube down to the border with Hungary followed, which ultimately disrupted the Slavic continuity between the <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a>) and <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a>) lands.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Babenberg">House of Babenberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: House of Babenberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although today closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg dynasty</a>, Austria was, until 1246, a <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> possession of the younger House of Babenberg. Margrave <a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Leopold, Duke of Bavaria">Leopold the Generous</a> (1136–1141) was a loyal vassal of the imperial <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">House of Hohenstaufen</a> in the struggle against the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welf dynasty</a>. In 1139, after King <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III of Germany</a> deposed the Welf duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_X,_Duke_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry X, Duke of Bavaria">Henry the Proud</a>, he gave the Bavarian duchy to his half-brother Margrave Leopold. Leopold's brother and successor <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry Jasomirgott</a> was enfeoffed with Bavaria in 1141. In 1156, Hohenstaufen Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick Barbarossa</a> approached a settlement with the Welfs. At the 1156 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry Jasomirgott</a> had to renounce the Bavarian duchy in favor of <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a>. In compensation, the Babenberg margraviate was elevated to an equal duchy, confirmed by numerous privileges granted by the <i>Privilegium Minus</i> on 17 September. </p><p>The new Austrian duke took his residence at <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> at the site of the later <a href="/wiki/Hofburg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofburg Palace">Hofburg Palace</a>. He also founded <a href="/wiki/Schottenstift,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Schottenstift, Vienna">Schottenstift</a> Abbey as the Babenberg <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_church" title="Proprietary church">proprietary church</a>, settled with <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Irish</a> monks. The Austrian lands prospered, due to their favorable location on the Danube, as an important trade route from <a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mautern_an_der_Donau" title="Mautern an der Donau">Mautern</a> via Vienna down to Hungary and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. For a short time, the Babenbergs came to be one of the most influential ruling families in the Empire, peaking under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V the Virtous</a> (1177–1194) and <a href="/wiki/Leopold_VI,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold VI, Duke of Austria">Leopold VI the Glorious</a> (1194–1230). In 1186, they signed the <a href="/wiki/Georgenberg_Pact" title="Georgenberg Pact">Georgenberg Pact</a> with the first and last <a href="/wiki/Otakars" title="Otakars">Otakar</a> duke <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_IV,_Duke_of_Styria" title="Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria">Ottokar IV of Styria</a> and, upon his death in 1192, acquired the adjacent Styrian lands in the south, which were ruled with Austria in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> until 1918. They also expanded their territory into the old Bavarian lands west of the Enns River, along the <a href="/wiki/Traun_(river)" title="Traun (river)">Traun</a> to the city of <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, the future capital of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg/170px-Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg/255px-Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg/340px-Herzog_Leopold_V._Babenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Leopold V is awarded the red-white-red banner by Emperor Henry VI, detail from the <i>Babenberg Pedigree</i>, <a href="/wiki/Klosterneuburg_Monastery" title="Klosterneuburg Monastery">Klosterneuburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1191, Duke Leopold V joined the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">siege of Acre</a>. Once the city was conquered and occupied, he picked a fierce quarrel with King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard the Lionheart</a>, allegedly over Leopold's raising of his Babenberg banner beside the royal flags of Richard and <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a>. When the English king passed through Austria on his way home, Leopold had him abducted and arrested at <a href="/wiki/Burgruine_D%C3%BCrnstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgruine Dürnstein">Dürnstein Castle</a>. Handed over to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a>, Richard was only released after paying an enormous ransom, and the duke used his share to lay out the Wiener Neustadt fortification near the Hungarian border. According to legend, the emperor granted him permission to bear the red-white-red colors that became the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Austria" title="Flag of Austria">flag of Austria</a>. </p><p>His son Leopold VI, sole ruler of the Austrian and Styrian lands from 1198, married the Byzantine princess <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Angelina,_Duchess_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora Angelina, Duchess of Austria">Theodora Angelina</a> and later married his daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia">Margaret</a> to <a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry of Hohenstaufen</a>, son of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, in 1225. Notable <a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">minnesingers</a> like <a href="/wiki/Reinmar_von_Hagenau" title="Reinmar von Hagenau">Reinmar von Hagenau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walther_von_der_Vogelweide" title="Walther von der Vogelweide">Walther von der Vogelweide</a> were regular guests at the Vienna court and <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> poetry flourished. The poem <i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></i> probably arose in the Austrian lands. </p><p>However, Leopold's son, Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick II, Duke of Austria">Frederick II the Warlike</a>, entered into fierce conflicts soon after his accession in 1230, not only with the Austrian nobility, but also with King <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I of Bohemia">Wenceslaus I of Bohemia</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II of Hungary</a> and even with Emperor Frederick II for the alleged entanglement in the rebellion of the duke's brother-in-law Henry of Hohenstaufen. The latter earned him an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_ban" title="Imperial ban">Imperial ban</a> and an expulsion from Vienna in 1236. Though he could later reconcile with the Emperor, the border conflict with Hungary culminated in several clashes of arms after 1242, after King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV of Hungary</a> marched into Austria to reconquer occupied lands. Duke Frederick was killed at the 1246 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Leitha_River" title="Battle of the Leitha River">Battle of the Leitha River</a>, whereby the Babenberg line became extinct in the male line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortune_and_fall_of_King_Ottokar">Fortune and fall of King Ottokar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fortune and fall of King Ottokar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to feudal law, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">immediate</a> heritable fees fell back to the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. However, Emperor Frederick II, in the last years of his rule, was weakened by the struggle against <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a>, and was stuck in the Italian Wars between the <a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a>. His death in 1250 and the death of his only surviving son King <a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a> four years later ended the line of Hohenstaufen rulers, only eight years after the extinction of the Babenberg dynasty. The extinction led to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire#Interregnum" title="Holy Roman Empire">Great Interregnum</a>, a period of several decades during which the status of the country's rulers was disputed. While in the following years several candidates were elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>, none of them were able to control the Empire. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png/220px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png/330px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png/440px-Karte_B%C3%B6hmen_unter_Ottokar_II.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Ottokar's acquisitions until 1276, superimposed on modern European borders</figcaption></figure> <p>It was the ambitious Přemyslid ruler <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a>, son of King Wenceslaus I, who took the occasion to take over the rule in the "princeless" lands of late Duke Frederick II the Warlike. Referring to the <i>Privilegium Minus</i>, Pope Innocent IV, against the feudal principle of patrilineal inheritance, confirmed the hereditary rights of Frederick's sister Margaret, widow of Henry of Hohenstaufen, and his niece <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Austria" title="Gertrude of Austria">Gertrude</a>, widow of Ottokar's elder brother Přemyslid Margrave <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_III_of_Moravia" title="Vladislaus III of Moravia">Vladislaus of Moravia</a> who died in 1247. Upon the death of Gertrude's second husband, Margrave <a href="/wiki/Herman_VI,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Herman VI, Margrave of Baden">Herman VI of Baden</a>, in 1250, Ottokar invaded the Austrian lands, acclaimed by the local nobility. To substantiate his claims, he married Margaret (about 30 years his senior) in 1252. King Béla IV of Hungary contested this, referring to the Gertrude's third marriage with his relative <a href="/wiki/Roman_Danylovich" title="Roman Danylovich">Roman Danylovich</a> and occupied the Styrian lands. However, Ottokar prevailed as he defeated the Hungarian troops at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kressenbrunn" title="Battle of Kressenbrunn">Battle of Kressenbrunn</a>. Bohemian king since 1253, he now was sole ruler of the Bohemian, Moravian, Austrian and Styrian lands—an anticipation of the early modern <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> after 1526. </p><p>In 1269, Ottokar also effectively controlled the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a>, with <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">Carniola</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Windic_March" title="Windic March">Windic March</a> further in the south. He controlled, in all, a <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> realm stretching from the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Polish</a> border in the <a href="/wiki/Sudetes" title="Sudetes">Sudetes</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> coast in the south. When he failed to be elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> in 1273, he contested the election of the successful candidate, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabian</a> count <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf of Habsburg</a>. Nevertheless, Rudolf was able to secure his rule as the first actual German king after the Great Interregnum. By his Imperial authority he seized Ottokar's "alienated" territories and added them to his already extensive homelands in Swabia. King Ottokar was finally defeated and killed by the united Austrian and Hungarian forces in the 1278 <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Marchfeld" title="Battle on the Marchfeld">Battle on the Marchfeld</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Habsburg">House of Habsburg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: House of Habsburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HRR_14Jh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HRR_14Jh.jpg/220px-HRR_14Jh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HRR_14Jh.jpg/330px-HRR_14Jh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HRR_14Jh.jpg/440px-HRR_14Jh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Habsburg (orange), Luxembourg (violet) and Wittelsbach (green) dominions within the Holy Roman Empire, 14th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Rudolf married his daughter <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Habsburg" title="Judith of Habsburg">Judith</a> off to Ottokar's son <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_II_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus II of Bohemia">Wenceslaus II</a>, who retained the Bohemian kingdom. Having reached an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">prince-electors</a>, he granted the Austrian domains to his sons <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf II, Duke of Austria">Rudolf II</a> at the 1282 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Diet</a> of Augsburg, elevating them to <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Prince of the Holy Roman Empire">Princes of the Holy Roman Empire</a>. The right of <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> was implemented with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rheinfelden" title="Treaty of Rheinfelden">Treaty of Rheinfelden</a> one year later. Rudolf's descendants ruled Austria and Styria until 1918. </p><p>In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Habsburgs accumulated further provinces in the southeastern part of the Empire: the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">March of Carniola</a>, initially ceded to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gorizia" title="House of Gorizia">House of Gorizia</a>, came under Habsburg rule in 1335; the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">County of Tyrol</a> was ceded to Duke <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria">Rudolf IV of Austria</a> by Countess <a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Countess_of_Tyrol" title="Margaret, Countess of Tyrol">Margaret</a> in 1363. These territories, together, became known as the Habsburg 'Hereditary Lands', although they were sometimes referred to in sum as Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rudolf established his residence at the Vienna <a href="/wiki/Hofburg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofburg Palace">Hofburg Palace</a> and in 1358/59 he had the <i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_Maius" title="Privilegium Maius">Privilegium Maius</a></i> forged to elevate himself to a privileged "<a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">archduke</a>" of the Empire. </p><p>The following two centuries were turbulent for the duchy. Under Habsburg rule, several <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">inquisitorial</a> persecutions against <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a> were carried out, notably by the cleric <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Zwicker" title="Petrus Zwicker">Petrus Zwicker</a> in the late 14th century. Following the brief, yet eventful, rule of Duke Rudolf IV, his brothers <a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Albert III, Duke of Austria">Albert III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Duke of Austria">Leopold III</a> divided the Austrian domains between themselves, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuberg" title="Treaty of Neuberg">Treaty of Neuberg</a>, signed in 1379. Albert retained Austria proper, while Leopold took the remaining territories. In 1402, there was another split in the <a href="/wiki/Leopoldian_line" title="Leopoldian line">Leopoldian line</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Ernest, Duke of Austria">Duke Ernest</a> took <a href="/wiki/Inner_Austria" title="Inner Austria">Inner Austria</a> (i.e. the duchies of Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola) and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Austria">Duke Frederick IV</a> became the ruler of Tyrol and <a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a>. The partitions decisively weakened the Habsburg position, in favour of their rivals from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> dynasties. </p><p>The Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Albertinian_Line" title="Albertinian Line">Albertinian line</a> was again elevated to the Imperial throne in 1438. Duke <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert V of Austria</a> was chosen King of the Romans as the successor to his <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg</a> father-in-law, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a>. Although Albert's reign spanned only one year, he was succeeded by his Leopoldian cousin, Duke Ernest's son, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick V</a>, who eventually reunified the Habsburg territories, after the extinctions of the Albertinian line (1457) and the Elder Tyrolean line (1490). Duke Frederick was crowned Holy Roman Emperor (as Frederick III) in 1452; he formally acknowledged the elevation of Austria to an archduchy one year later, whereafter all Habsburg princes bore the archducal title. Only two non-Habsburgs reigned the Empire between 1438 and 1806, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> resigned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria" title="List of rulers of Austria">List of rulers of Austria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countrystudies.us/austria/6.htm">"Austria – The Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Austria"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Austria+%E2%80%93+The+Holy+Roman+Empire+and+the+Duchy+of+Austria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Faustria%2F6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/about-austria/history">"Austria's History"</a>. <i>www.austria.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.austria.info&rft.atitle=Austria%27s+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austria.info%2Fen%2Fservice-and-facts%2Fabout-austria%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Austria">"Austria | Facts, People, and Points of Interest | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 2024-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Austria+%7C+Facts%2C+People%2C+and+Points+of+Interest+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAustria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKann1980" class="citation book cs1">Kann, Robert A. (1980). "Toward the Union of the Habsburg Lands". <i>A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918</i> (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-04206-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-04206-9"><bdi>0-520-04206-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Toward+the+Union+of+the+Habsburg+Lands&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire%2C+1526%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-520-04206-9&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austria_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austria_topics" title="Template:Austria topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austria_topics" title="Template talk:Austria topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austria_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austria topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austria_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Austria" title="Outline of Austria">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Noricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Noricum">Kingdom of Noricum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugiland" title="Rugiland">Rugiland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Margraviate of Austria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Siege of Vienna (1529)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Constitution_(Austria)" title="March Constitution (Austria)">March Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_German-Austria" title="Republic of German-Austria">German Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria" title="Federal State of Austria">Federal State of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostmark_(Austria)" title="Ostmark (Austria)">Ostmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">Allied-administered Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vienna" title="History of Vienna">History of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Austria" title="Military history of Austria">Military history of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests" title="Alps conifer and mixed forests">Alps conifer and mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Austria" title="List of cities and towns in Austria">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Austria" title="Districts of Austria">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Austria" title="List of ecoregions in Austria">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Austria" title="List of lakes of Austria">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_of_Austria" title="List of highest mountains of Austria">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_mixed_forests" title="Pannonian mixed forests">Pannonian mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Austria" title="List of rivers of Austria">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_broadleaf_forests" title="Western European broadleaf forests">Western European broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Austria" title="Politics of Austria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Austria" title="Climate change in Austria">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Austria" title="Constitution of Austria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Austria" title="Government of Austria">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Austria" title="Human rights in Austria">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Austria" title="Law of Austria">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Austria" title="Law enforcement in Austria">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Austria">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Austria" title="Judiciary of Austria">Legal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Austria" title="List of political parties in Austria">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Austria" title="Economy of Austria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Austria" title="Agriculture in Austria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Austria" title="Banking in Austria">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Austria" title="List of companies of Austria">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Austria" title="Energy in Austria">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Austria (page does not exist)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Austria" title="Taxation in Austria">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Austria" title="Telecommunications in Austria">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Austria" title="Tourism in Austria">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Austria" title="Transport in Austria">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Austria" title="Category:Society of Austria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Austria" title="Abortion in Austria">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Austria" title="Crime in Austria">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Austria" title="Demographics of Austria">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Austria" title="Education in Austria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Austria" title="Demographics of Austria">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Austria" title="Healthcare in Austria">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Austria" title="Languages of Austria">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Austria" title="Pornography in Austria">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Austria" title="Prostitution in Austria">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Austria" title="Freedom of religion in Austria">freedom of religion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Austria" title="Women in Austria">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Austria" title="Culture of Austria">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Austria">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Austria" title="Coat of arms of Austria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_wine" title="Austrian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Austria" title="Flag of Austria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_literature" title="Austrian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Austria">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Austria" title="List of museums in Austria">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Austria" title="National anthem of Austria">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Austria" title="Public holidays in Austria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Austria" title="Sport in Austria">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Austria" title="Outline of Austria">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Austria" title="Outline of Austria">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austria" title="Category:Austria">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Austria" title="Portal:Austria">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Duchy_of_Austria&params=48_13_N_16_22_E_source:ptwiki_region:AT_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°22′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.217°N 16.367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.217; 16.367</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&oldid=1254568840">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&oldid=1254568840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Duchy_of_Austria" title="Category:Duchy of Austria">Duchy of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Duchies_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire">Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1150s_establishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire">1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1156_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1156 establishments in Europe">1156 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1450s_disestablishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:1450s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire">1450s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1453_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1453 disestablishments in Europe">1453 disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_monarchies_of_Europe" title="Category:Former monarchies of Europe">Former monarchies of Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2023">Articles needing additional references from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Middle_High_German_(ca._1050-1500)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text">Articles containing Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 17:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Austria&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-qpvvj","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.812","walltime":"1.000","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4440,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":93904,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16668,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":31502,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 889.870 1 -total"," 47.15% 419.600 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 18.60% 165.501 1 Template:Austria_topics"," 18.26% 162.447 1 Template:Country_topics"," 14.80% 131.721 3 Template:ISO_3166_code"," 14.14% 125.783 4 Template:Native_name"," 14.11% 125.572 2 Template:Small"," 13.51% 120.198 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.55% 93.881 3 Template:Cite_web"," 9.03% 80.328 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.560","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16628934,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-m4ftb","timestamp":"20241125143643","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Duchy of Austria","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Austria","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3624335","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3624335","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-16T02:22:52Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T17:05:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/47\/Duchy_of_Austria_locator_map_%281250%29.svg","headline":"a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus"}</script> </body> </html>