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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Warsaw (1656)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88_(%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B5%DB%B6)" title="ورشو دؤیوشو (۱۶۵۶) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ورشو دؤیوشو (۱۶۵۶)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_om_Warszawa_(1656)" title="Slaget om Warszawa (1656) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget om Warszawa (1656)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Warschau_(1656)" title="Schlacht bei Warschau (1656) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Warschau (1656)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_(1656)" title="Μάχη της Βαρσοβίας (1656) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη της Βαρσοβίας (1656)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Varsovia_(1656)" title="Batalla de Varsovia (1656) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Varsovia (1656)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88_(%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B5%DB%B6)" title="نبرد ورشو (۱۶۵۶) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد ورشو (۱۶۵۶)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Varsovie_(1656)" title="Bataille de Varsovie (1656) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Varsovie (1656)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Varsavia_(1656)" title="Battaglia di Varsavia (1656) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Varsavia (1656)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1romnapos_vars%C3%B3i_csata_(1656)" title="Háromnapos varsói csata (1656) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háromnapos varsói csata (1656)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Warschau" title="Slag bij Warschau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Warschau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AF%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84_(1656%E5%B9%B4)" title="ワルシャワの戦い (1656年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワルシャワの戦い (1656年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Warszaw%C4%85_(1656)" title="Bitwa pod Warszawą (1656) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Warszawą (1656)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Vars%C3%B3via_(1656)" title="Batalha de Varsóvia (1656) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Varsóvia (1656)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(1656)" title="Варшавская битва (1656) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Варшавская битва (1656)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredagarsslaget_vid_Warszawa" title="Tredagarsslaget vid Warszawa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tredagarsslaget vid Warszawa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova_Muharebesi_(1656)" title="Varşova Muharebesi (1656) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Varşova Muharebesi (1656)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(1656)" title="Варшавська битва (1656) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Варшавська битва (1656)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q426926#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)" title="View the content page 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&params=52.2323_N_21.0084_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°13′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">21°00′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.2323°N 21.0084°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.2323; 21.0084</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the Second Northern War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other battles with this name, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Battle of Warsaw (disambiguation)">Battle of Warsaw (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Warsaw</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Deluge_(Polish_history)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Deluge (Polish history)">The Deluge</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Swedish King Charles X Gustav in skirmish with Polish Tatars near Warsaw 1656"><img alt="Swedish King Charles X Gustav in skirmish with Polish Tatars near Warsaw 1656" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png/300px-Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png/450px-Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png/600px-Lemke_Skirmish_with_Polish_Tatars.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="542" /></a></span><br />Swedish King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav</a> in skirmish with Polish Tartars near Warsaw 1656, by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Philip_Lemke" title="Johann Philip Lemke">Johann Philip Lemke</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>July 28–30, 1656</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">near <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Swedish-Brandenburger victory<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Warsaw is captured by the Swedish-Brandenburger army<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png/22px-Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png/33px-Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png/44px-Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/22px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/33px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/44px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_(15th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_%2815th_century%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_%2815th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_%2815th_century%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_%2815th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_%2815th_century%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_%2815th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="yes"><img alt="Swedish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action"><abbr title="Wounded in action">WIA</abbr></a>)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png/22px-Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png/33px-Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png/44px-Wappen_Mark_Brandenburg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_I,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg">Frederick William</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/22px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/33px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg/44px-Chor%C4%85giew_kr%C3%B3lewska_kr%C3%B3la_Zygmunta_III_Wazy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Casimir of Poland">John II Casimir of Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 9,500 Swedish<br />8,500 Prussians<br /><b>Total: 18,000:</b><sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup><br />5,500 infantry<br />12,500 cavalry<br /> 80 cannons</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 36,000–39,000 Polish–Lithuanian<br />2,000 Crimean Tatars<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Total: about 40,000:</b><sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup><br />4,500 infantry<br />35,500 cavalry</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Between 700<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1,300 men<sup id="cite_ref-Svenska_slagfält_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svenska_slagfält-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Between 2,000<sup id="cite_ref-Sundberg134_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sundberg134-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 4,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-Claes72_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claes72-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1655%E2%80%931660)" title="Siege of Danzig (1655–1660)">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobota" title="Battle of Sobota">Sobota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BBarn%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Żarnów">Żarnów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krak%C3%B3w_(1655)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kraków (1655)">1st Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki" title="Battle of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki">Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wojnicz" title="Battle of Wojnicz">Wojnicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krosno" title="Battle of Krosno">Krosno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jasna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Siege of Jasna Góra">Jasna Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Radom_(1656)" title="Battle of Radom (1656)">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Go%C5%82%C4%85b" title="Battle of Gołąb">Gołąb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Siege of Zamość">Zamość</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaros%C5%82aw_(1656)" title="Battle of Jarosław (1656)">Jarosław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nisko" title="Battle of Nisko">Nisko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sandomierz" title="Battle of Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozienice" title="Battle of Kozienice">Kozienice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warka" title="Battle of Warka">Warka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C5%82ecko" title="Battle of Kłecko">Kłecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1656)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1656)">1st Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kcynia" title="Battle of Kcynia">Kcynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tykocin" title="Battle of Tykocin">Tykocin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81owicz" title="Battle of Łowicz">Łowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubrze" title="Battle of Lubrze">Lubrze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prostki" title="Battle of Prostki">Prostki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Filip%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Filipów">Filipów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chojnice_(1656)" title="Battle of Chojnice (1656)">Chojnice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_campaign_into_Poland_(1657)" title="Transylvanian campaign into Poland (1657)">Transylvanian campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magier%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Magierów">Magierów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Czarny_Ostr%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Czarny Ostrów">Czarny Ostrów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ska%C5%82at" title="Battle of Skałat">Skałat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krak%C3%B3w_(1657)" title="Siege of Kraków (1657)">2nd Kraków</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toru%C5%84_(1658)" title="Siege of Toruń (1658)">Toruń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skuodas_(1658)" title="Battle of Skuodas (1658)">Skuodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grudzi%C4%85dz_(1659)" title="Battle of Grudziądz (1659)">Grudziądz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northern_War_of_1655–1660" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Northern_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Second Northern War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Northern_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Northern War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Northern_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Northern War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_War_of_1655–1660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660"><span class="wrap">Northern War of 1655–1660</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Theaters</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Swedish Deluge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1656%E2%80%931658)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)">Russo-Swedish (1656–1658)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Modern_Age#Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Modern Age">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1657%E2%80%931658)" title="Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658)">Dano-Swedish (1657–1658)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1658%E2%80%931660)" title="Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)">Dano-Swedish (1658–1660)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War_and_Norway" title="Second Northern War and Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peach_Tree_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach Tree War">Peach Tree War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_New_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of New Sweden">New Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Courland_(1658)" title="Invasion of Courland (1658)">Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Carolusborg_(1658)" title="Capture of Carolusborg (1658)">Africa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uj%C5%9Bcie" title="Battle of Ujście">Ujście</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1655%E2%80%931660)" title="Siege of Danzig (1655–1660)">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobota" title="Battle of Sobota">Sobota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BBarn%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Żarnów">Żarnów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Siege of Kraków">1st Cracow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki" title="Battle of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki">Nowy Dwór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wojnicz" title="Battle of Wojnicz">Wojnicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krosno" title="Battle of Krosno">Krosno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jasna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Siege of Jasna Góra">Jasna Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Radom_(1656)" title="Battle of Radom (1656)">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Go%C5%82%C4%85b" title="Battle of Gołąb">Gołąb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaros%C5%82aw_(1656)" title="Battle of Jarosław (1656)">Jarosław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nisko" title="Battle of Nisko">Nisko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Siege of Zamość">Zamość</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sandomierz" title="Battle of Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warka" title="Battle of Warka">Warka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C5%82ecko" title="Battle of Kłecko">Kłecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1656)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1656)">1st Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kcynia" title="Battle of Kcynia">Kcynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tykocin" title="Battle of Tykocin">Tykocin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dyneburg" title="Siege of Dyneburg">Dyneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_of_Kokenhusen" title="Storm of Kokenhusen">Kokenhusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Riga_(1656)" title="Siege of Riga (1656)">Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81owicz" title="Battle of Łowicz">Łowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubrze" title="Battle of Lubrze">Lubrze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krak%C3%B3w_(1657)" title="Siege of Kraków (1657)">2nd Cracow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prostki" title="Battle of Prostki">Prostki/Prostken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Filip%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Filipów">Filipów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chojnice_(1656)" title="Battle of Chojnice (1656)">Chojnice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Walk" title="Battle of Walk">Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magier%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Magierów">Magierów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Czarny_Ostr%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Czarny Ostrów">Czarny Ostrów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ska%C5%82at" title="Battle of Skałat">Skałat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gdov" title="Battle of Gdov">Gdov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Across_the_Belts" title="March Across the Belts">March Across the Belts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toru%C5%84_(1658)" title="Siege of Toruń (1658)">Toruń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Szkudy" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Szkudy">Szkudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sound" title="Battle of the Sound">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolding_(1658)" title="Siege of Kolding (1658)">Kolding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%B6dsund" title="Battle of Rödsund">Rödsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_on_Copenhagen_(1659)" title="Assault on Copenhagen (1659)">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebeltoft" title="Battle of Ebeltoft">Ebeltoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grudzi%C4%85dz_(1659)" title="Battle of Grudziądz (1659)">Grudziądz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nyborg" title="Battle of Nyborg">Nyborg</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Northern_War_treaties" title="Template:Second Northern War treaties">Treaties</a></dt></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Warsaw</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Schlacht von Warschau</i>; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Bitwa pod Warszawą</i>; <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Tredagarsslaget vid Warschau</i>) took place near <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> on July 28–July 30 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> July 18–20] 1656, between the armies of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>. It was a major battle in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a> between Poland and Sweden in the period 1655–1660, also known as <a href="/wiki/The_Deluge_(Polish_history)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Deluge (Polish history)">The Deluge</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Hajo_Holborn" title="Hajo Holborn">Hajo Holborn</a>, it marked "the beginning of Prussian military history".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the battle, a smaller Swedish-Brandenburg force, but with the fire superiority of infantry and artillery gained tactical victory over a Polish–Lithuanian force superior in numbers, though in the long term the victory achieved little. Polish–Lithuanian losses were insignificant, since the Polish-Lithuanian forces, including the sizeable noble levy retreated in good order from the battlefield. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)##" title="Talk:Battle of Warsaw (1656)">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Battle+of+Warsaw%22+1656">"Battle of Warsaw" 1656</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Battle+of+Warsaw%22+1656+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Battle+of+Warsaw%22+1656&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Battle+of+Warsaw%22+1656+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Battle+of+Warsaw%22+1656">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Battle+of+Warsaw%22+1656&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Polish–Lithuanian forces, commanded by King <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Casimir of Poland">John II Casimir of Poland</a>, comprised about 24–25,000 regulars, which included only 950 Winged Hussars (8 banners), 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> and 10–13,000 of the noble levy (<i><a href="/wiki/Pospolite_ruszenie" title="Pospolite ruszenie">pospolite ruszenie</a></i>), altogether some 40,000 men of which only about 4,500 were infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup> The allied armies of Sweden and Brandenburg, commanded by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X of Sweden">Charles X of Sweden</a> and Elector <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg">Frederick William</a> of Brandenburg, were only 18,000 strong, comprising 12,500 cavalry (60 squadrons), and 5,500 infantry (15 brigades), which included 8,500 Brandenburg men.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> Second in command of Brandenburg's forces was <a href="/wiki/Otto_Christoph_von_Sparr" title="Otto Christoph von Sparr">Otto Christoph von Sparr</a>. </p><p>John II Casimir ferried his army across the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> River<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 173">: 173 </span></sup> and met the approaching Swedish-Brandenburg force on its right bank, about five kilometers to the north of the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>. Charles X had initially hoped to destroy the Lithuanian and Tatar forces before they joined up with the remainder of the Commonwealth army, but this plan failed. Some officers of Brandenburg considered the Polish–Lithuanian forces to be overwhelming in numbers and instead advocated a retreat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_day">First day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles marched his allied army down the right (east) bank of the Vistula on 28 July and assaulted the Polish army.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> However, the Polish infantry had dug into a narrow corridor along the river bank, which prevented them from being dislodged.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_day">Second day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles, wheeling left, moved his entire army to the Polish right, through the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82o%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Białołęka">Białołęka</a> Forest onto a narrow plain, consolidating his position before the <a href="/wiki/Polish_hussars" title="Polish hussars">Polish hussars</a> could react.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> Aleksander Polbinski's 800 hussars drove into the three lines of cavalry, <a href="/wiki/Reiter" title="Reiter">reiter</a>, guarding the flanks of Charles' infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> The hussars broke through the first line of <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5land" title="Småland">Småland</a> regiments, but deprived of support, they were stopped by the flank fire of the Swedish regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> As a result of the attack, Charles Gustav was in danger and wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>kozacka</i> cavalry, the <i>pancerna</i>, did not participate in the attack, being held in reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> Seeing that the Swede-Brandenburg allies held their ground, <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir" class="mw-redirect" title="John II Casimir">John II Casimir</a> withdrew his army across the Vistula bridge, covered by his cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_day">Third day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dahlberg_batlle_of_Warsaw_1656.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dahlberg_batlle_of_Warsaw_1656.jpg/300px-Dahlberg_batlle_of_Warsaw_1656.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dahlberg_batlle_of_Warsaw_1656.jpg/450px-Dahlberg_batlle_of_Warsaw_1656.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Dahlberg_batlle_of_Warsaw_1656.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>"Battle of Warsaw on the third day", a contemporary map</figcaption></figure> <p>The Swede and Brandenburg allies occupied the open plain and the Polish–Lithuanian cavalry escaped along the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> and John Casimir abandoned Warsaw again.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the operational success of the Swedish Army, the Polish-Lithuanian army retreated unbroken. Thanks to Jan Kazimierz's decision to retreat, the Poles and Lithuanians suffered relatively few losses. In the afternoon of 30 July, a war council was convened at the Royal Castle. In a situation where Polish forces were divided - infantry, the massed troops and a small part of the cavalry crossed to the left bank of the Vistula, while most of the cavalry remained on the right bank - Jan Kazimierz decided to leave Warsaw. This was strongly opposed by Queen Ludwika Maria, the Great Chancellor of the Crown, Stefan Koryciński, and the Voivode of Łęczyca, Jan Leszczyński. The queen even threatened that if the king and his army left the city, she would stay and defend the capital with her frauche. However, Jan Kazimierz succumbed to the widespread panic and, having failed to ensure the proper evacuation of his equipment, especially his cannons, left Warsaw before the evening. </p><p>The Polish-Lithuanian army lost 2,000 men in the battle (including 600 infantry, close to 1,000 regular cavalry and the fallen from the Bełsk and Sandomierz common ranks, along with journeymen), while the Swedish-Brandenburgian army lost around 1,000. Although the Tartars numbered only 2,000, they made their presence felt, snatching as many as 200 carts from the Elector without suffering too many losses. The plague, which soon broke out among Charles Gustav's troops, added several hundred more soldiers to their losses. </p><p>The Brandenburg and Swedish allies occupied <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a> on 10 Aug., and the Brandenburg garrisons replaced the Swedes in <a href="/wiki/Wielkopolska" class="mw-redirect" title="Wielkopolska">Wielkopolska</a>, but then they refused to support the Swedes any further, forcing Charles to withdraw north to <a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> John Casimir quickly regrouped at <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 177">: 177 </span></sup> </p><p>The Battle of Warsaw is commemorated on the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier,_Warsaw" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw</a>, with the inscription "Warszawa 30 V-1 VII, 28–30 VII 1656". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Frost-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frost, R.I., 2000, The Northern Wars, 1558–1721, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582064295" title="Special:BookSources/0582064295">0582064295</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Warsaw-1656">"Battle of Warsaw | Summary | Britannica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Warsaw+%26%23124%3B+Summary+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBattle-of-Warsaw-1656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Warsaw+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majewski, Andrzej A.: <i>Szarża husarska pod Warszawą 29 lipca 1656 roku</i> {in} Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy, 2012, Tom 13 (64), Numer 3 (241) Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej w Warszawie, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1640-6281">1640-6281</a>, S. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curt Jany: History of the Prussian Army – From the 15th century to 1914, Volume 1, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1967, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svenska_slagfält-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Svenska_slagfält_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lars Ericson Wolke, Martin Hårdstedt, Per Iko, Ingvar Sjöblom and Gunnar Åselius: "Svenska slagfält", Wahlström & Widstrand, p. 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sundberg134-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sundberg134_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sundberg (2010). Sveriges krig 1630–1814. p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claes72-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Claes72_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claes-Göran Isacson, Karl X Gustavs Krig (2002) Lund, Historiska Media. p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolborn1982" class="citation book cs1">Holborn, Hajo (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderng00hajo/page/57"><i>A History of Modern Germany: 1648–1840</i></a>. Vol. 2. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderng00hajo/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00796-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00796-9"><bdi>0-691-00796-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Germany%3A+1648%E2%80%931840&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-691-00796-9&rft.aulast=Holborn&rft.aufirst=Hajo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderng00hajo%2Fpage%2F57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Warsaw+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nagielski Miroslav, <i>Warszawa 1656,</i> Warszawa 2009, p. 199</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitino2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Citino" title="Robert M. Citino">Citino, Robert M.</a> (2005). <i>The German Way of War: From the Thirty Years' War to the Third Reich</i>. University Press of Kansas. p. 428. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1410-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1410-9"><bdi>0-7006-1410-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Way+of+War%3A+From+the+Thirty+Years%27+War+to+the+Third+Reich&rft.pages=428&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7006-1410-9&rft.aulast=Citino&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Warsaw+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Curt Jany: History of the Prussian Army – From the 15th century to 1914, Volume 1, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1967, pp. 120–130</li> <li><i>Svenska Slagfält</i>, 2003, (Walhlström & Widstrand) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-46-21087-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-46-21087-3">91-46-21087-3</a></li> <li>Miroslav Nagielski, "Warszawa 1656", Bellona (1990)</li> <li>J.Cichowski & A.Szulczynski, "Husaria", MON (1981)</li> <li>Leszek Podhorodecki, "Rapier i koncerz", Książka i Wiedza (1985)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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