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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">35,663 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Pharmaceutical Chemistry</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19445763" data-work_id="19445763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19445763/On_chip_generation_of_microbubbles_as_a_practical_technology_for_manufacturing_contrast_agents_for_ultrasonic_imaging">On-chip generation of microbubbles as a practical technology for manufacturing contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents a new manufacturing method to generate monodisperse microbubble contrast agents with polydispersity index (σ) values of <2% through microfluidic flow-focusing. Micronsized lipid shell-based perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19445763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents a new manufacturing method to generate monodisperse microbubble contrast agents with polydispersity index (σ) values of <2% through microfluidic flow-focusing. Micronsized lipid shell-based perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas microbubbles for use as ultrasound contrast agents were produced using this method. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based devices feature expanding nozzle geometry with a 7 μm orifice width, and are robust enough for consistent production of microbubbles with runtimes lasting several hours. With high-speed imaging, we characterized relationships between channel geometry, liquid flow rate Q, and gas pressure P in controlling bubble sizes. By a simple optimization of the channel geometry and Q and P, bubbles with a mean diameter of <5 μm can be obtained, ideal for various ultrasonic imaging applications. This method demonstrates the potential of microfluidics as an efficient means for custom-designing ultrasound contrast agents with precise size distributions, different gas compositions and new shell materials for stabilization, and for future targeted imaging and therapeutic applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19445763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c6c49cc8eabfc534a855941dafb8d40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40624364,"asset_id":19445763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40624364/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5196523" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PDayton">Paul Dayton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5196523" type="text/json">{"id":5196523,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Dayton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PDayton","display_name":"Paul Dayton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PDayton?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5196523/2289586/2673795/s65_paul.dayton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19445763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19445763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19445763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19445763", }); 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Micronsized lipid shell-based perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas microbubbles for use as ultrasound contrast agents were produced using this method. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based devices feature expanding nozzle geometry with a 7 μm orifice width, and are robust enough for consistent production of microbubbles with runtimes lasting several hours. With high-speed imaging, we characterized relationships between channel geometry, liquid flow rate Q, and gas pressure P in controlling bubble sizes. By a simple optimization of the channel geometry and Q and P, bubbles with a mean diameter of \u003c5 μm can be obtained, ideal for various ultrasonic imaging applications. This method demonstrates the potential of microfluidics as an efficient means for custom-designing ultrasound contrast agents with precise size distributions, different gas compositions and new shell materials for stabilization, and for future targeted imaging and therapeutic applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40624364,"asset_id":19445763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5196523,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Dayton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PDayton","display_name":"Paul Dayton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PDayton?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5196523/2289586/2673795/s65_paul.dayton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":2721,"name":"Microfluidics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfluidics?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":7700,"name":"Fluorescence Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":11669,"name":"Lab On A Chip","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lab_On_A_Chip?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=23390"},{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=23390"},{"id":90702,"name":"Ultrasonography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonography?f_ri=23390"},{"id":159187,"name":"Drug Delivery Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Delivery_Systems?f_ri=23390"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=23390"},{"id":291038,"name":"Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure?f_ri=23390"},{"id":375301,"name":"Microarray Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microarray_Analysis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":796031,"name":"Microbubbles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbubbles?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1126247,"name":"Silicones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicones?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1407305,"name":"Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Media?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23164508" data-work_id="23164508" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23164508/Particle_sizing_measurements_in_pharmaceutical_applications_Comparison_of_in_process_methods_versus_off_line_methods">Particle sizing measurements in pharmaceutical applications: Comparison of in-process methods versus off-line methods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has been previously described that when a sample's particle size is determined using different sizing techniques, the results can differ considerably. The purpose of this study was to review several in-process techniques for particle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23164508" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has been previously described that when a sample's particle size is determined using different sizing techniques, the results can differ considerably. The purpose of this study was to review several in-process techniques for particle size determination (Spatial Filtering Velocimetry, Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements, Photometric Stereo Imaging, and the Eyecon Ò technology) and compare them to well-known and widespread off-line reference methods (laser diffraction and sieve analysis). To start with, a theoretical explanation of the working mechanism behind each sizing technique is presented, and a comparison between them is established. Secondly, six batches of granules and pellets (i.e., spherical particles) having different sizes were measured using these techniques. The obtained size distributions and related D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 values were compared using the laser diffraction wet dispersion method as reference technique. As expected, each technique provided different size distributions with different D values. These dissimilarities were examined and explained considering the measurement principles behind each sizing technique. The particle property measured by each particle size analyzer (particle size or chord length) and how it is measured as well as the way in which size information is derived and calculated from this measured property and how results are presented (e.g., volume or mass distributions) are essential for the interpretation of the particle size data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23164508" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2f89dd9834a5cf54f474601cba61493" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43650242,"asset_id":23164508,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43650242/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44950327" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomvanDenKerkhof">Tom van Den Kerkhof</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44950327" type="text/json">{"id":44950327,"first_name":"Tom van Den","last_name":"Kerkhof","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TomvanDenKerkhof","display_name":"Tom van Den Kerkhof","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TomvanDenKerkhof?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23164508 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23164508"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23164508, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23164508", }); 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The purpose of this study was to review several in-process techniques for particle size determination (Spatial Filtering Velocimetry, Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements, Photometric Stereo Imaging, and the Eyecon Ò technology) and compare them to well-known and widespread off-line reference methods (laser diffraction and sieve analysis). To start with, a theoretical explanation of the working mechanism behind each sizing technique is presented, and a comparison between them is established. Secondly, six batches of granules and pellets (i.e., spherical particles) having different sizes were measured using these techniques. The obtained size distributions and related D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 values were compared using the laser diffraction wet dispersion method as reference technique. As expected, each technique provided different size distributions with different D values. These dissimilarities were examined and explained considering the measurement principles behind each sizing technique. The particle property measured by each particle size analyzer (particle size or chord length) and how it is measured as well as the way in which size information is derived and calculated from this measured property and how results are presented (e.g., volume or mass distributions) are essential for the interpretation of the particle size data.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43650242,"asset_id":23164508,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44950327,"first_name":"Tom van Den","last_name":"Kerkhof","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TomvanDenKerkhof","display_name":"Tom van Den Kerkhof","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TomvanDenKerkhof?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7598,"name":"Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18096811" data-work_id="18096811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18096811/Qualification_of_analytical_instruments_for_use_in_the_pharmaceutical_industry_A_scientific_approach">Qualification of analytical instruments for use in the pharmaceutical industry: A scientific approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18096811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a58a819f252f4880fb77df19eaffc14b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39874213,"asset_id":18096811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39874213/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38050830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasLayloff">Thomas Layloff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38050830" type="text/json">{"id":38050830,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Layloff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasLayloff","display_name":"Thomas Layloff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasLayloff?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18096811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18096811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18096811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18096811", }); 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Phenylephrine is a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75660952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is common practice in many ophthalmic units to administer multiple applications of 10% phenylephrine in combination with an anti-cholinergic agent to ensure adequate pupil mydriasis prior to routine cataract surgery. Phenylephrine is a pure a-I adrenoreceptor agonist known to produce marked systemic vasocon striction and associated hypertension with occasional profound reflex bradycardia. Many reviews have suggested caution in the use of 10% phenylephrine in the elderly or hypertensive patient. In a prospective, randomised trial we have assessed pupil dilation comparing the efficacy of 10% phenylephrine (53 patients) versus 2.5% phenylephrine (62 patients). When administered in conjunction with 1% cyclopen tolate four times over 1 hour pre-operatively, 2.5% phenylephrine was found to be as effective as 10% phenylephrine in the initiation and maintenance of mydriasis during both extracapsular and phacoemulsi fication cataract extraction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75660952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f58047ae65cf4386bdf79ecc2eb4bd9b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83341778,"asset_id":75660952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83341778/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33057110" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/MarkWalland">Mark Walland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33057110" type="text/json">{"id":33057110,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Walland","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"MarkWalland","display_name":"Mark Walland","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/MarkWalland?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75660952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75660952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75660952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75660952", }); 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Phenylephrine is a pure a-I adrenoreceptor agonist known to produce marked systemic vasocon striction and associated hypertension with occasional profound reflex bradycardia. Many reviews have suggested caution in the use of 10% phenylephrine in the elderly or hypertensive patient. In a prospective, randomised trial we have assessed pupil dilation comparing the efficacy of 10% phenylephrine (53 patients) versus 2.5% phenylephrine (62 patients). When administered in conjunction with 1% cyclopen tolate four times over 1 hour pre-operatively, 2.5% phenylephrine was found to be as effective as 10% phenylephrine in the initiation and maintenance of mydriasis during both extracapsular and phacoemulsi fication cataract extraction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83341778,"asset_id":75660952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33057110,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Walland","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"MarkWalland","display_name":"Mark Walland","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/MarkWalland?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=23390"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=23390"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23390"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":855644,"name":"Pupil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pupil?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1000359,"name":"Phenylephrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenylephrine?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3390482,"name":"Mydriatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mydriatics?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68024475" data-work_id="68024475" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68024475/Substituted_amides_and_hydrazides_of_1_4_dicarboxylic_acids_Part_7_Synthesis_and_pharmacological_activity_of_some_maleic_succinic_and_phthalic_acid_acylhydrazides">Substituted amides and hydrazides of 1,4-dicarboxylic acids. 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Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some maleic, succinic, and phthalic acid acylhydrazides</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68024475" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3a5b7094fdbd6f6fe7da888cca52bc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78651672,"asset_id":68024475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78651672/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3280790" href="https://umonash-my.academia.edu/AntonDolzhenko">Anton Dolzhenko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3280790" type="text/json">{"id":3280790,"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Dolzhenko","domain_name":"umonash-my","page_name":"AntonDolzhenko","display_name":"Anton Dolzhenko","profile_url":"https://umonash-my.academia.edu/AntonDolzhenko?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3280790/1763175/18207997/s65_anton.dolzhenko.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68024475 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68024475"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68024475, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68024475", }); 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Part 7. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some maleic, succinic, and phthalic acid acylhydrazides","created_at":"2022-01-13T19:17:09.881-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68024475/Substituted_amides_and_hydrazides_of_1_4_dicarboxylic_acids_Part_7_Synthesis_and_pharmacological_activity_of_some_maleic_succinic_and_phthalic_acid_acylhydrazides?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_68024475","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78651672,"asset_id":68024475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3280790,"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Dolzhenko","domain_name":"umonash-my","page_name":"AntonDolzhenko","display_name":"Anton Dolzhenko","profile_url":"https://umonash-my.academia.edu/AntonDolzhenko?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3280790/1763175/18207997/s65_anton.dolzhenko.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":1089035,"name":"Succinic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Succinic_Acid?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62048961" data-work_id="62048961" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62048961/Formulation_development_of_a_cream_containing_fennel_extract_in_vivo_evaluation_for_anti_aging_effects">Formulation development of a cream containing fennel extract: in vivo evaluation for anti-aging effects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate anti-aging effects of a topical cream (w/o emulsion) containig extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) versus its base. Formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of Foeniculum vulgare was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62048961" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate anti-aging effects of a topical cream (w/o emulsion) containig extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) versus its base. Formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of Foeniculum vulgare was developed by entrapping in the inner aqueous phase of w/o emulsion and base contained no extract. Both the base and formulation were stored under different storage conditions to predict their stability. The formulation and base were evaluated for effect on skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The base showed insignificant while the formulation showed significant effects on skin moisture and TEWL. The parameter volume and surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) parameters SEr, SEsc, SEsm, SEw were also evaluated and showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decline. The texture parameter energy showed a significant increase proving that the formulation possesses potential anti-aging effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62048961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34c2ec98e12fe20a9d1f8bc8f9c0d631" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74916780,"asset_id":62048961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74916780/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98402598" href="https://riphah.academia.edu/ShahiquzZaman">Shahiq uz Zaman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98402598" type="text/json">{"id":98402598,"first_name":"Shahiq","last_name":"uz Zaman","domain_name":"riphah","page_name":"ShahiquzZaman","display_name":"Shahiq uz Zaman","profile_url":"https://riphah.academia.edu/ShahiquzZaman?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98402598/21836441/21126385/s65_shahiq.uz_zaman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62048961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62048961"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62048961, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62048961", }); 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Formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of Foeniculum vulgare was developed by entrapping in the inner aqueous phase of w/o emulsion and base contained no extract. Both the base and formulation were stored under different storage conditions to predict their stability. The formulation and base were evaluated for effect on skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The base showed insignificant while the formulation showed significant effects on skin moisture and TEWL. The parameter volume and surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) parameters SEr, SEsc, SEsm, SEw were also evaluated and showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decline. The texture parameter energy showed a significant increase proving that the formulation possesses potential anti-aging effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74916780,"asset_id":62048961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98402598,"first_name":"Shahiq","last_name":"uz Zaman","domain_name":"riphah","page_name":"ShahiquzZaman","display_name":"Shahiq uz Zaman","profile_url":"https://riphah.academia.edu/ShahiquzZaman?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98402598/21836441/21126385/s65_shahiq.uz_zaman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical 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technology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">tests. This process is not only time consuming, but the solid dosage forms are destroyed. Tablets from the batch of formulation will normally be completed before the results of quantitative analysis for content uniformity of the tablets... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13462628" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">tests. This process is not only time consuming, but the solid dosage forms are destroyed. Tablets from the batch of formulation will normally be completed before the results of quantitative analysis for content uniformity of the tablets are known. If the analysis on unit dosage or content uniformity fails to satisfy the acceptance criteria, then no remedial action can be taken except to regrind, remix, and repress the tablets.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13462628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c034a960de2d34032842391bae13a4d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45320549,"asset_id":13462628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45320549/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32690099" href="https://mit.academia.edu/MichaelCima">Michael Cima</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32690099" type="text/json">{"id":32690099,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Cima","domain_name":"mit","page_name":"MichaelCima","display_name":"Michael Cima","profile_url":"https://mit.academia.edu/MichaelCima?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13462628">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13462628"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mit.academia.edu/AinaZahari">Aina Zahari</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13462628'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13462628').html(); 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This process is not only time consuming, but the solid dosage forms are destroyed. Tablets from the batch of formulation will normally be completed before the results of quantitative analysis for content uniformity of the tablets are known. If the analysis on unit dosage or content uniformity fails to satisfy the acceptance criteria, then no remedial action can be taken except to regrind, remix, and repress the tablets.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45320549,"asset_id":13462628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32690099,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Cima","domain_name":"mit","page_name":"MichaelCima","display_name":"Michael Cima","profile_url":"https://mit.academia.edu/MichaelCima?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43612731,"first_name":"Aina","last_name":"Zahari","domain_name":"mit","page_name":"AinaZahari","display_name":"Aina Zahari","profile_url":"https://mit.academia.edu/AinaZahari?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":267802,"name":"Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dimensional?f_ri=23390"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=23390"},{"id":597305,"name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AAPS_PharmSciTech?f_ri=23390"},{"id":805001,"name":"Small samples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_samples?f_ri=23390"},{"id":815888,"name":"Surface Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Analysis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":832539,"name":"Penetration Depth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Penetration_Depth?f_ri=23390"},{"id":971822,"name":"Active Ingredient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Ingredient?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1126207,"name":"Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Pharmaceutical_Ingredient?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1912509,"name":"Production Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Rate?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14907489" data-work_id="14907489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14907489/Preparation_optimization_and_characterization_of_low_cost_ceramics_for_the_fabrication_of_dense_nickel_composite_membranes">Preparation, optimization and characterization of low cost ceramics for the fabrication of dense nickel composite membranes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of the present study was to prepare, optimize and characterize ketoprofen proniosomes. The niosomes were prepared using a slurry method followed by in vitro evaluation after embedding the proniosomes-derived niosomes into a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14907489" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of the present study was to prepare, optimize and characterize ketoprofen proniosomes. The niosomes were prepared using a slurry method followed by in vitro evaluation after embedding the proniosomes-derived niosomes into a carbopol matrix. A central, composite Box-Wilson design was used for the optimization with the total lipid concentration (X 1 ), surfactant loading (X 2 ) and amount of drug (X 3 ) as the independent variables. Prepared proniosomes were characterized for percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and mean volume diameter (MVD). Multiple regression analysis and contour plots were used to relate the dependent and independent variables. Checkpoint batches were also prepared to prove the validity of the evolved mathematical model and contour plots. The optimization model predicted the levels of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 (-1, -0.3 and 0.92, respectively), for a maximized response of PDE with constraints of ≤ 5 μm on MVD. Optimized batch was used to prepare a niosomal gel, which showed significantly higher cumulative amount of drug permeated and steady state transdermal flux compared to plain gel. This work has demonstrated the use of the central composite Box-Wilson design, regression analysis, and contour plots in optimizing ketoprofen proniosomes. Developed niosomal gel formulation has also demonstrated permeation enhancement of ketoprofen compared to plain gel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14907489" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf049d7cef1f4704088ee41e5f98784a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43788400,"asset_id":14907489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43788400/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33895227" href="https://lincoln-nz.academia.edu/CraigBunt">Craig Bunt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33895227" type="text/json">{"id":33895227,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Bunt","domain_name":"lincoln-nz","page_name":"CraigBunt","display_name":"Craig Bunt","profile_url":"https://lincoln-nz.academia.edu/CraigBunt?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14907489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14907489"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14907489, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14907489", }); 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The niosomes were prepared using a slurry method followed by in vitro evaluation after embedding the proniosomes-derived niosomes into a carbopol matrix. A central, composite Box-Wilson design was used for the optimization with the total lipid concentration (X 1 ), surfactant loading (X 2 ) and amount of drug (X 3 ) as the independent variables. Prepared proniosomes were characterized for percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and mean volume diameter (MVD). Multiple regression analysis and contour plots were used to relate the dependent and independent variables. Checkpoint batches were also prepared to prove the validity of the evolved mathematical model and contour plots. The optimization model predicted the levels of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 (-1, -0.3 and 0.92, respectively), for a maximized response of PDE with constraints of ≤ 5 μm on MVD. Optimized batch was used to prepare a niosomal gel, which showed significantly higher cumulative amount of drug permeated and steady state transdermal flux compared to plain gel. This work has demonstrated the use of the central composite Box-Wilson design, regression analysis, and contour plots in optimizing ketoprofen proniosomes. Developed niosomal gel formulation has also demonstrated permeation enhancement of ketoprofen compared to plain gel.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43788400,"asset_id":14907489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33895227,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Bunt","domain_name":"lincoln-nz","page_name":"CraigBunt","display_name":"Craig Bunt","profile_url":"https://lincoln-nz.academia.edu/CraigBunt?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":8378,"name":"Plasmonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmonics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":9130,"name":"Chitosan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitosan?f_ri=23390"},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=23390"},{"id":58128,"name":"Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":64660,"name":"Controlled release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_release?f_ri=23390"},{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=23390"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=23390"},{"id":276810,"name":"Shell Half-Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shell_Half-Life?f_ri=23390"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":398650,"name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":440924,"name":"Surface Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Properties?f_ri=23390"},{"id":676195,"name":"Pectins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pectins?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1031068,"name":"Drug Carriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Carriers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1434630,"name":"Polyethylene Glycols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene_Glycols?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15650102" data-work_id="15650102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15650102/Cisplatin_induced_hyponatremia_in_malignancy_comparison_between_brand_name_and_generic_formulation">Cisplatin-induced hyponatremia in malignancy: comparison between brand-name and generic formulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Widespread use of generic drugs is considered to be indispensable if reductions in total health care costs are to be achieved, but the market share of such drugs remains low. In general, generic drugs have the same active ingredients as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15650102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Widespread use of generic drugs is considered to be indispensable if reductions in total health care costs are to be achieved, but the market share of such drugs remains low. In general, generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs, but this is not always the case. Thus, toxicity profiles may vary when brand-name and generic drugs are compared. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of hyponatremia in patients receiving brand-name cisplatin (CDDP) and a generic counterpart thereof. We reviewed the medical records of patients treated with brand-name CDDP (n=53) and a generic formulation (n=26), and compared the incidences of hyponatremia and renal toxicity. Toxicities were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Student&#39;s t-test, and the odds ratio for hyponatremia was estimated via logistic regression analysis. Serum creatinine levels after chemotherapy increase...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15650102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54ebc54a26ab59a4b6a5294056dfbac6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42998859,"asset_id":15650102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42998859/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34834498" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatsuyukiKiura">Katsuyuki Kiura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34834498" type="text/json">{"id":34834498,"first_name":"Katsuyuki","last_name":"Kiura","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatsuyukiKiura","display_name":"Katsuyuki Kiura","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatsuyukiKiura?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15650102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15650102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15650102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15650102", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15650102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15650102").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15650102").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15650102"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis">Regression Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123230" type="text/json">{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="228828" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescription_drugs">Prescription drugs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="228828" type="text/json">{"id":228828,"name":"Prescription drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescription_drugs?f_ri=23390","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="276781" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cisplatin">Cisplatin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="276781" type="text/json">{"id":276781,"name":"Cisplatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cisplatin?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15650102]'), work: {"id":15650102,"title":"Cisplatin-induced hyponatremia in malignancy: comparison between brand-name and generic formulation","created_at":"2015-09-13T08:35:03.137-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15650102/Cisplatin_induced_hyponatremia_in_malignancy_comparison_between_brand_name_and_generic_formulation?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_15650102","summary":"Widespread use of generic drugs is considered to be indispensable if reductions in total health care costs are to be achieved, but the market share of such drugs remains low. In general, generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs, but this is not always the case. Thus, toxicity profiles may vary when brand-name and generic drugs are compared. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of hyponatremia in patients receiving brand-name cisplatin (CDDP) and a generic counterpart thereof. We reviewed the medical records of patients treated with brand-name CDDP (n=53) and a generic formulation (n=26), and compared the incidences of hyponatremia and renal toxicity. Toxicities were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Student\u0026#39;s t-test, and the odds ratio for hyponatremia was estimated via logistic regression analysis. Serum creatinine levels after chemotherapy increase...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42998859,"asset_id":15650102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34834498,"first_name":"Katsuyuki","last_name":"Kiura","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatsuyukiKiura","display_name":"Katsuyuki Kiura","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatsuyukiKiura?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":228828,"name":"Prescription drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prescription_drugs?f_ri=23390","nofollow":false},{"id":276781,"name":"Cisplatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cisplatin?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23390"},{"id":292254,"name":"Generic Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generic_Drugs?f_ri=23390"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1028433,"name":"Hyponatremia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyponatremia?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19957640 coauthored" data-work_id="19957640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19957640/Moisture_and_drug_solid_state_monitoring_during_a_continuous_drying_process_using_empirical_and_mass_balance_models">Moisture and drug solid-state monitoring during a continuous drying process using empirical and mass balance models</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Classically, the end point detection during fluid bed drying has been performed using indirect parameters, such as the product temperature or the humidity of the outlet drying air. This paper aims at comparing those classic methods to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19957640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Classically, the end point detection during fluid bed drying has been performed using indirect parameters, such as the product temperature or the humidity of the outlet drying air. This paper aims at comparing those classic methods to both in-line moisture and solid-state determination by means of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools (Raman and NIR spectroscopy) and a mass balance approach. The six-segmented fluid bed drying system being part of a fully continuous from-powder-to-tablet production line (ConsiGma™-25) was used for this study. A theophylline:lactose:PVP (30:67.5:2.5) blend was chosen as model formulation. For the development of the NIR-based moisture determination model, 15 calibration experiments in the fluid bed dryer were performed. Six test experiments were conducted afterwards, and the product was monitored in-line with NIR and Raman spectroscopy during drying. The results (drying endpoint and residual moisture) obtained via the NIR-based moisture determinati...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19957640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8da052166c5db7444301f7eb7cb27463" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40932574,"asset_id":19957640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40932574/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40826116" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisVervaet">Chris Vervaet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40826116" type="text/json">{"id":40826116,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Vervaet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChrisVervaet","display_name":"Chris Vervaet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisVervaet?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19957640">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19957640"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JurgenVercruysse">Jurgen Vercruysse</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19957640'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19957640').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19957640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19957640"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19957640; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19957640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19957640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19957640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19957640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy">Raman Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9339" type="text/json">{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83120" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy">Near Infrared Spectroscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83120" type="text/json">{"id":83120,"name":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19957640]'), work: {"id":19957640,"title":"Moisture and drug solid-state monitoring during a continuous drying process using empirical and mass balance models","created_at":"2016-01-02T02:53:23.848-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19957640/Moisture_and_drug_solid_state_monitoring_during_a_continuous_drying_process_using_empirical_and_mass_balance_models?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_19957640","summary":"Classically, the end point detection during fluid bed drying has been performed using indirect parameters, such as the product temperature or the humidity of the outlet drying air. This paper aims at comparing those classic methods to both in-line moisture and solid-state determination by means of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools (Raman and NIR spectroscopy) and a mass balance approach. The six-segmented fluid bed drying system being part of a fully continuous from-powder-to-tablet production line (ConsiGma™-25) was used for this study. A theophylline:lactose:PVP (30:67.5:2.5) blend was chosen as model formulation. For the development of the NIR-based moisture determination model, 15 calibration experiments in the fluid bed dryer were performed. Six test experiments were conducted afterwards, and the product was monitored in-line with NIR and Raman spectroscopy during drying. The results (drying endpoint and residual moisture) obtained via the NIR-based moisture determinati...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40932574,"asset_id":19957640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40826116,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Vervaet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChrisVervaet","display_name":"Chris Vervaet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisVervaet?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":41092981,"first_name":"Jurgen","last_name":"Vercruysse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JurgenVercruysse","display_name":"Jurgen Vercruysse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JurgenVercruysse?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":83120,"name":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":96893,"name":"Calibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration?f_ri=23390"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=23390"},{"id":158072,"name":"NIR spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NIR_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":174775,"name":"Pca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pca?f_ri=23390"},{"id":183272,"name":"Api","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Api?f_ri=23390"},{"id":274855,"name":"Theophylline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theophylline?f_ri=23390"},{"id":444369,"name":"Humidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humidity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=23390"},{"id":595076,"name":"Nir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nir?f_ri=23390"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=23390"},{"id":736621,"name":"Rpm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rpm?f_ri=23390"},{"id":776363,"name":"Powders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Powders?f_ri=23390"},{"id":781097,"name":"Lactose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactose?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49775546" data-work_id="49775546" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49775546/Pharmacokinetics_of_two_alternative_dosage_forms_for_cyclosporine_liposomes_and_intralipid">Pharmacokinetics of two alternative dosage forms for cyclosporine: liposomes and intralipid</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cyclosporine (CsA), commercially available as iv or oral Sandimrnune, is a potent immunosuppressant which can induce doserelated nephrotoxocity. In addition, the iv product contains a solubilizing agent, Cremophore EL, which in itself is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49775546" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cyclosporine (CsA), commercially available as iv or oral Sandimrnune, is a potent immunosuppressant which can induce doserelated nephrotoxocity. In addition, the iv product contains a solubilizing agent, Cremophore EL, which in itself is reported to be nephrotoxic and can induce, in sensitized patients, anaphylactic reactions. Solubilization of CsA with liposomes or lipid emulsions could provide a suitable alternative dosage form for iv administration. With this in mind, male New Zealand white rabbits were given iv CsA (10 mglkg) in three different dosage forms: (7) CsA:liposornes; (2) CsA:lntralipid (soybean oil and phospholipids); and (3) the commercially available Sandimmune (cyclosporine). The CsA concentration in whole blood samples was analyzed by HPLC. The terminal disposition half-life of CsA (t,,, p) ranged from 400 to 475 min and was not statistically different among the three groups. However, the distribution characteristics of CsA changed dramatically depending on the dosage form. The volume of distribution of CsA at steady state (Vd,,) in Sandimmune was 2.7 ? 0.2 Ukg and was significantly lower than that of either lntralipid (10.6-+ 2.7 Ukg) or liposomes (7.4-+ 2.3 Ukg). A significantly lower total body clearance (TBC) of CsA also was seen for Sandimmune (1 2.7 f 0.3 rnuminlkg) as compared with that of either lntralipid (24.4 f 8.2 mUminlkg) or liposomes (18.9 5 3.9 mUmin1kg). Since CsA is extensively bound to lipoproteins, it is surprising that both test vehicles showed a different distribution pattern. It is speculated that in addition to the benefit of removing Cremophore EL from the product, the different distribution of CsA:liposomes or CsA:lntralipid may prove useful in altering the nephrotoxocity and immunosuppression of CsA during iv therapy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49775546" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec51466ab6df5ec07648a27c0a5c953c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68013186,"asset_id":49775546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68013186/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29223333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SureshVenkataram">Suresh Venkataram</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29223333" type="text/json">{"id":29223333,"first_name":"Suresh","last_name":"Venkataram","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SureshVenkataram","display_name":"Suresh Venkataram","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SureshVenkataram?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29223333/43672591/34629017/s65_suresh.venkataram.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49775546 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49775546"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49775546, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49775546", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49775546 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49775546; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49775546"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49775546 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49775546"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49775546; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49775546]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49775546").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49775546").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49775546"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11111" type="text/json">{"id":11111,"name":"Pharmacokinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41747" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dosage_Form">Dosage Form</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41747" type="text/json">{"id":41747,"name":"Dosage Form","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dosage_Form?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids">Lipids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52055" type="text/json">{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49775546]'), work: {"id":49775546,"title":"Pharmacokinetics of two alternative dosage forms for cyclosporine: liposomes and intralipid","created_at":"2021-07-11T21:10:30.265-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49775546/Pharmacokinetics_of_two_alternative_dosage_forms_for_cyclosporine_liposomes_and_intralipid?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_49775546","summary":"Cyclosporine (CsA), commercially available as iv or oral Sandimrnune, is a potent immunosuppressant which can induce doserelated nephrotoxocity. In addition, the iv product contains a solubilizing agent, Cremophore EL, which in itself is reported to be nephrotoxic and can induce, in sensitized patients, anaphylactic reactions. Solubilization of CsA with liposomes or lipid emulsions could provide a suitable alternative dosage form for iv administration. With this in mind, male New Zealand white rabbits were given iv CsA (10 mglkg) in three different dosage forms: (7) CsA:liposornes; (2) CsA:lntralipid (soybean oil and phospholipids); and (3) the commercially available Sandimmune (cyclosporine). The CsA concentration in whole blood samples was analyzed by HPLC. The terminal disposition half-life of CsA (t,,, p) ranged from 400 to 475 min and was not statistically different among the three groups. However, the distribution characteristics of CsA changed dramatically depending on the dosage form. The volume of distribution of CsA at steady state (Vd,,) in Sandimmune was 2.7 ? 0.2 Ukg and was significantly lower than that of either lntralipid (10.6-+ 2.7 Ukg) or liposomes (7.4-+ 2.3 Ukg). A significantly lower total body clearance (TBC) of CsA also was seen for Sandimmune (1 2.7 f 0.3 rnuminlkg) as compared with that of either lntralipid (24.4 f 8.2 mUminlkg) or liposomes (18.9 5 3.9 mUmin1kg). Since CsA is extensively bound to lipoproteins, it is surprising that both test vehicles showed a different distribution pattern. It is speculated that in addition to the benefit of removing Cremophore EL from the product, the different distribution of CsA:liposomes or CsA:lntralipid may prove useful in altering the nephrotoxocity and immunosuppression of CsA during iv therapy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68013186,"asset_id":49775546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29223333,"first_name":"Suresh","last_name":"Venkataram","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SureshVenkataram","display_name":"Suresh Venkataram","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SureshVenkataram?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29223333/43672591/34629017/s65_suresh.venkataram.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11111,"name":"Pharmacokinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":41747,"name":"Dosage Form","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dosage_Form?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":183266,"name":"Liposome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposome?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":443341,"name":"Freeze Drying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freeze_Drying?f_ri=23390"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135797,"name":"Dosage Forms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dosage_Forms?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42967771" data-work_id="42967771" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42967771/PHYTOCHEMICAL_ANALYSIS_AND_ANTIMICROBIAL_ACTIVITY_OF_LEAVE_EXTRACT_OF_Amaranthus_spinosus">PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVE EXTRACT OF Amaranthus spinosus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Identification of the constituents of Amaranthus spinosus was carried out using ethanol extract of the dried leaf of the plant. Microbial detection of zone of inhibition was also carried out. The extract yield from the leaves was 17.40 g... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42967771" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Identification of the constituents of Amaranthus spinosus was carried out using ethanol extract of the dried leaf of the plant. Microbial detection of zone of inhibition was also carried out. The extract yield from the leaves was 17.40 g while phytochemical screening indicated the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides in the leaf extract. The antimicrobial assay indicated that methanolic extract of the plant were slightly active against the test isolates with the extract being more active against Staphylococcus aureus (15mm), Aspergillus flavus (15mm), E. coli. (13mm) and Mucor spp (10mm). Hence methanol extract of this plant has potent medical values.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42967771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="568651337159f8533a3ad1bf5bc4be03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63225529,"asset_id":42967771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63225529/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="157099785" href="https://unn-ng.academia.edu/CommunicationinPhysicalSciences">Communication in Physical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="157099785" type="text/json">{"id":157099785,"first_name":"Communication in","last_name":"Physical Sciences","domain_name":"unn-ng","page_name":"CommunicationinPhysicalSciences","display_name":"Communication in Physical Sciences","profile_url":"https://unn-ng.academia.edu/CommunicationinPhysicalSciences?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157099785/43943987/34755600/s65_communication_in.physical_sciences.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42967771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42967771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42967771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42967771", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42967771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42967771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42967771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42967771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813810" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Biological_Sciences">History of Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="813810" type="text/json">{"id":813810,"name":"History of Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Biological_Sciences?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42967771]'), work: {"id":42967771,"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVE EXTRACT OF Amaranthus spinosus","created_at":"2020-05-07T01:28:48.589-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42967771/PHYTOCHEMICAL_ANALYSIS_AND_ANTIMICROBIAL_ACTIVITY_OF_LEAVE_EXTRACT_OF_Amaranthus_spinosus?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_42967771","summary":"Identification of the constituents of Amaranthus spinosus was carried out using ethanol extract of the dried leaf of the plant. Microbial detection of zone of inhibition was also carried out. The extract yield from the leaves was 17.40 g while phytochemical screening indicated the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides in the leaf extract. The antimicrobial assay indicated that methanolic extract of the plant were slightly active against the test isolates with the extract being more active against Staphylococcus aureus (15mm), Aspergillus flavus (15mm), E. coli. (13mm) and Mucor spp (10mm). Hence methanol extract of this plant has potent medical values.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63225529,"asset_id":42967771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":157099785,"first_name":"Communication in","last_name":"Physical Sciences","domain_name":"unn-ng","page_name":"CommunicationinPhysicalSciences","display_name":"Communication in Physical Sciences","profile_url":"https://unn-ng.academia.edu/CommunicationinPhysicalSciences?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/157099785/43943987/34755600/s65_communication_in.physical_sciences.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":813810,"name":"History of Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Biological_Sciences?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32874421" data-work_id="32874421" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32874421/Resveratrol_nanosuspensions_interaction_of_preservatives_with_nanocrystal_production">Resveratrol nanosuspensions: interaction of preservatives with nanocrystal production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effect of six different preservatives on the production process and stability of resveratrol nanosuspensions was investigated. Nanosuspensions of the anti-oxidant resveratrol were prepared by high pressure homogenization (1,500 bar,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32874421" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effect of six different preservatives on the production process and stability of resveratrol nanosuspensions was investigated. Nanosuspensions of the anti-oxidant resveratrol were prepared by high pressure homogenization (1,500 bar, 20 homogenization cycles). The preservatives used were: caprylyl glycol (0.75%), Euxyl PE 9010 (1.0%), Hydrolite-5 (2.0), Phenonip (0.75%), Rokonsal PB-5 (0.5%) and MultiEx Naturotics (2.0%). Preservation is essential for oral and dermal nanosuspensions, but can impair the stability. The effect of the preservatives on stability as a function of cycle numbers was determined by size measurements (photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), laser diffraction (LD) and light microscopy). Zeta potential measurements were performed for determination of the Stern potential (measurements in water) and as stability criterion (measurements in original dispersion medium), to elucidate the mechanism of destabilization. The preservatives could be placed into three grou...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32874421" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0babc00d825315620c1c2d5c3fad341" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53018293,"asset_id":32874421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53018293/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40680210" href="https://knust.academia.edu/KOforikwakye">Kwabena Ofori-kwakye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40680210" type="text/json">{"id":40680210,"first_name":"Kwabena","last_name":"Ofori-kwakye","domain_name":"knust","page_name":"KOforikwakye","display_name":"Kwabena Ofori-kwakye","profile_url":"https://knust.academia.edu/KOforikwakye?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40680210/16601487/16914183/s65_kwabena.ofori-kwakye.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32874421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32874421"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32874421, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32874421", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32874421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32874421; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32874421"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32874421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32874421"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32874421; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32874421]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32874421").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32874421").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32874421"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4748" type="text/json">{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32874421]'), work: {"id":32874421,"title":"Resveratrol nanosuspensions: interaction of preservatives with nanocrystal production","created_at":"2017-05-06T02:14:37.264-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32874421/Resveratrol_nanosuspensions_interaction_of_preservatives_with_nanocrystal_production?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_32874421","summary":"The effect of six different preservatives on the production process and stability of resveratrol nanosuspensions was investigated. Nanosuspensions of the anti-oxidant resveratrol were prepared by high pressure homogenization (1,500 bar, 20 homogenization cycles). The preservatives used were: caprylyl glycol (0.75%), Euxyl PE 9010 (1.0%), Hydrolite-5 (2.0), Phenonip (0.75%), Rokonsal PB-5 (0.5%) and MultiEx Naturotics (2.0%). Preservation is essential for oral and dermal nanosuspensions, but can impair the stability. The effect of the preservatives on stability as a function of cycle numbers was determined by size measurements (photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), laser diffraction (LD) and light microscopy). Zeta potential measurements were performed for determination of the Stern potential (measurements in water) and as stability criterion (measurements in original dispersion medium), to elucidate the mechanism of destabilization. The preservatives could be placed into three grou...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53018293,"asset_id":32874421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40680210,"first_name":"Kwabena","last_name":"Ofori-kwakye","domain_name":"knust","page_name":"KOforikwakye","display_name":"Kwabena Ofori-kwakye","profile_url":"https://knust.academia.edu/KOforikwakye?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40680210/16601487/16914183/s65_kwabena.ofori-kwakye.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":4748,"name":"Electrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrochemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=23390"},{"id":164391,"name":"Pharmazie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmazie?f_ri=23390"},{"id":207059,"name":"Suspensions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspensions?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":508133,"name":"Stilbenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stilbenes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32436803" data-work_id="32436803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32436803/Development_of_a_highly_stable_and_targetable_nanoliposomal_formulation_of_topotecan">Development of a highly stable and targetable nanoliposomal formulation of topotecan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Topotecan (TPT), a highly active anticancer camptothecin drug, would benefit from nanocarrier-mediated site-specific and intracellular delivery because of a labile lactone ring whose hydrolysis inactivates the drug, poor cellular uptake... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32436803" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Topotecan (TPT), a highly active anticancer camptothecin drug, would benefit from nanocarrier-mediated site-specific and intracellular delivery because of a labile lactone ring whose hydrolysis inactivates the drug, poor cellular uptake resulting from both lactone hydrolysis and a titratable phenol hydroxyl, and the schedule-dependency of its efficacy due to its mechanism of action. We have encapsulated topotecan in liposomes using transmembrane gradients of triethylammonium salts of polyphosphate (Pn) or sucroseoctasulfate (SOS). Circulation lifetimes were prolonged, and the rate of drug release in vivo depended on the drug load (T 1/2 = 5.4 h vs. 11.2 h for 124 and 260 g TPT/mol PL, respectively) and the nature of intraliposomal drug complexing agent used to stabilize the nanoliposome formulation (T 1/2 = 11.2 h vs. 27.3 h for Pn and SOS, respectively). Anti-EGFR and anti-HER2-immunoliposomal formulations dramatically increased uptake of topotecan compared to nontargeted nanoliposomal topotecan and poorly permeable free topotecan in receptor-overexpressing cancer cell lines, with a corresponding increase in cytotoxicity in multiple breast cancer cell lines and improved antitumor activity against HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer (BT474) xenografts. We conclude that stabilization of topotecan in nanoliposomes significantly improves the targetability and pharmacokinetic profile of topotecan, allowing for highly active formulations against solid tumors and immunotargeting to cancer-overexpressing cell surface receptors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32436803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb34faea0004e309a524879b90ec32d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52629628,"asset_id":32436803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52629628/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63017696" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrummondDaryl">Daryl Drummond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63017696" type="text/json">{"id":63017696,"first_name":"Daryl","last_name":"Drummond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrummondDaryl","display_name":"Daryl Drummond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrummondDaryl?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32436803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32436803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32436803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32436803", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32436803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32436803; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32436803"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32436803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32436803"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32436803; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32436803]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32436803").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32436803").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32436803"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8950" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticle">Nanoparticle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8950" type="text/json">{"id":8950,"name":"Nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticle?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles">Nanoparticles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13621" type="text/json">{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32436803]'), work: {"id":32436803,"title":"Development of a highly stable and targetable nanoliposomal formulation of topotecan","created_at":"2017-04-15T08:26:15.685-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32436803/Development_of_a_highly_stable_and_targetable_nanoliposomal_formulation_of_topotecan?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_32436803","summary":"Topotecan (TPT), a highly active anticancer camptothecin drug, would benefit from nanocarrier-mediated site-specific and intracellular delivery because of a labile lactone ring whose hydrolysis inactivates the drug, poor cellular uptake resulting from both lactone hydrolysis and a titratable phenol hydroxyl, and the schedule-dependency of its efficacy due to its mechanism of action. We have encapsulated topotecan in liposomes using transmembrane gradients of triethylammonium salts of polyphosphate (Pn) or sucroseoctasulfate (SOS). Circulation lifetimes were prolonged, and the rate of drug release in vivo depended on the drug load (T 1/2 = 5.4 h vs. 11.2 h for 124 and 260 g TPT/mol PL, respectively) and the nature of intraliposomal drug complexing agent used to stabilize the nanoliposome formulation (T 1/2 = 11.2 h vs. 27.3 h for Pn and SOS, respectively). Anti-EGFR and anti-HER2-immunoliposomal formulations dramatically increased uptake of topotecan compared to nontargeted nanoliposomal topotecan and poorly permeable free topotecan in receptor-overexpressing cancer cell lines, with a corresponding increase in cytotoxicity in multiple breast cancer cell lines and improved antitumor activity against HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer (BT474) xenografts. We conclude that stabilization of topotecan in nanoliposomes significantly improves the targetability and pharmacokinetic profile of topotecan, allowing for highly active formulations against solid tumors and immunotargeting to cancer-overexpressing cell surface receptors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52629628,"asset_id":32436803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63017696,"first_name":"Daryl","last_name":"Drummond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrummondDaryl","display_name":"Daryl Drummond","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrummondDaryl?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":8950,"name":"Nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticle?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":13621,"name":"Nanoparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticles?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=23390"},{"id":64660,"name":"Controlled release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_release?f_ri=23390"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=23390"},{"id":128132,"name":"Nanostructures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanostructures?f_ri=23390"},{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":176756,"name":"FORMULATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FORMULATION?f_ri=23390"},{"id":183266,"name":"Liposome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposome?f_ri=23390"},{"id":357811,"name":"Antibody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibody?f_ri=23390"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=23390"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=23390"},{"id":920744,"name":"Antitumor Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antitumor_Activity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1078292,"name":"Cell Surface Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Surface_Markers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1139957,"name":"Drug Release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Release?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1367834,"name":"DNA topoisomerase II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_topoisomerase_II?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1780240,"name":"Breast Cancer Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer_Cells?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31957618" data-work_id="31957618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31957618/Influence_of_the_lactose_grade_within_dry_powder_formulations_of_fluticasone_propionate_and_terbutaline_sulphate">Influence of the lactose grade within dry powder formulations of fluticasone propionate and terbutaline sulphate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dry powder formulations are often composed of fine drug particles and coarser carrier particles, typically alpha-lactose monohydrate. However, the performance of a powder formulation may be highly dependent on the lactose quality and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31957618" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dry powder formulations are often composed of fine drug particles and coarser carrier particles, typically alpha-lactose monohydrate. However, the performance of a powder formulation may be highly dependent on the lactose quality and source. This study investigated the characteristics of lactose that influence the drug-to-carrier interaction and the performance of lactose-based dry powder inhaler formulations. The selected lactoses differed in the preparation processes and the content of fine lactose particles. Efficiency testing was done using fluticasone propionate and terbutaline sulphate as model drugs. Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface heterogeneity distribution of different energy sites of the lactose and to understand the mechanism by which the fine carrier particles can improve the performance of dry powder inhalers. To assess the adhesion of respirable-sized drug to carrier particles, a simple method was developed based on aspiration and consideri...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31957618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c937b5969534dceee7d58db11d7ce9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52233308,"asset_id":31957618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52233308/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40148901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariePierreFlament">Marie-Pierre Flament</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40148901" type="text/json">{"id":40148901,"first_name":"Marie-Pierre","last_name":"Flament","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariePierreFlament","display_name":"Marie-Pierre Flament","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariePierreFlament?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31957618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31957618"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31957618, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31957618", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31957618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31957618; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31957618"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31957618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31957618"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31957618; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31957618]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31957618").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31957618").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31957618"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36763" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosols">Aerosols</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36763" type="text/json">{"id":36763,"name":"Aerosols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosols?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39752" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption">Adsorption</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39752" type="text/json">{"id":39752,"name":"Adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31957618]'), work: {"id":31957618,"title":"Influence of the lactose grade within dry powder formulations of fluticasone propionate and terbutaline sulphate","created_at":"2017-03-21T01:52:00.496-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31957618/Influence_of_the_lactose_grade_within_dry_powder_formulations_of_fluticasone_propionate_and_terbutaline_sulphate?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_31957618","summary":"Dry powder formulations are often composed of fine drug particles and coarser carrier particles, typically alpha-lactose monohydrate. However, the performance of a powder formulation may be highly dependent on the lactose quality and source. This study investigated the characteristics of lactose that influence the drug-to-carrier interaction and the performance of lactose-based dry powder inhaler formulations. The selected lactoses differed in the preparation processes and the content of fine lactose particles. Efficiency testing was done using fluticasone propionate and terbutaline sulphate as model drugs. Inverse gas chromatography was used to determine the surface heterogeneity distribution of different energy sites of the lactose and to understand the mechanism by which the fine carrier particles can improve the performance of dry powder inhalers. To assess the adhesion of respirable-sized drug to carrier particles, a simple method was developed based on aspiration and consideri...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52233308,"asset_id":31957618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40148901,"first_name":"Marie-Pierre","last_name":"Flament","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariePierreFlament","display_name":"Marie-Pierre Flament","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariePierreFlament?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":36763,"name":"Aerosols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosols?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":39752,"name":"Adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":776363,"name":"Powders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Powders?f_ri=23390"},{"id":781097,"name":"Lactose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactose?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1031068,"name":"Drug Carriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Carriers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135812,"name":"Drug Compounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Compounding?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1481824,"name":"Terbutaline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terbutaline?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9576047" data-work_id="9576047" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9576047/p53_Aerosol_Formulation_with_Low_Toxicity_and_High_Efficiency_for_Early_Lung_Cancer_Treatment">p53 Aerosol Formulation with Low Toxicity and High Efficiency for Early Lung Cancer Treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: To develop an optimal nonviral aerosol formulation for locoregional treatment of early lung cancer. Experimental Design: The formulation was made of polylysine/protamine combination (AND) as the carrier and p53 gene (p53sm) as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9576047" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: To develop an optimal nonviral aerosol formulation for locoregional treatment of early lung cancer. Experimental Design: The formulation was made of polylysine/protamine combination (AND) as the carrier and p53 gene (p53sm) as therapeutic agent. To estimate the aerosol deposition, the aerodynamic size of the AND-p53sm was measured with extrusion-precipitation method. To accurately determine the dose, the aerosol efficiency in mice was measured with a fluorescent dye. The transfection efficiency and DNA protection function of the aerosolized formulation in cultured cells and mouse lungs were detected with reporter gene assays and/or reverse transcription-PCR.The preclinical safety and efficacy of AND-p53sm were studied in healthy mice and mice bearing orthotopic human non^small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft. Results: After aerosolization, AND is 3-to 17-fold more effective than commonly used PEI or cationic lipid formulations in transfecting the NSCLC cells (relative light units, 1,494 versus 534 and 86; P < 0.003). Aerodynamic size of AND-p53sm ranged 0.2 to 3 Am is the optimal aerosol droplets for deposition in the entire human respiratory tract. Significant gene expression was detected in the lungs of mice given aerosolized AND-p53sm and AND-luciferase. Aerosolized AND-p53sm significantly prolonged the life of mice bearing orthotopic human NSCLC xenografts, and it was more effective than an optimal i.v. cisplatin chemotherapy (increased life span, 93% versus 25%; P = 0.014). Inhalation of AND produced low and reversible pulmonary toxicity and no systemic toxicity. Conclusions: This optimal formulation is suitable for delivering biological materials to human lung with aerosol administration. This therapeutic strategy is an option for patients with early lung cancer and bronchoalveolar carcinoma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9576047" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c2c555dbeb215700e66ea481914595c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47720442,"asset_id":9576047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47720442/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22649575" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Marilia">Mari lia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22649575" type="text/json">{"id":22649575,"first_name":"Mari","last_name":"lia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Marilia","display_name":"Mari lia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Marilia?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9576047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9576047"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9576047, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9576047", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9576047]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9576047").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9576047").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9576047"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36763" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosols">Aerosols</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36763" type="text/json">{"id":36763,"name":"Aerosols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosols?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Cancer">Lung Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51698" type="text/json">{"id":51698,"name":"Lung Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Cancer?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67405" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity">Toxicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67405" type="text/json">{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9576047]'), work: {"id":9576047,"title":"p53 Aerosol Formulation with Low Toxicity and High Efficiency for Early Lung Cancer Treatment","created_at":"2014-11-30T22:38:44.574-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9576047/p53_Aerosol_Formulation_with_Low_Toxicity_and_High_Efficiency_for_Early_Lung_Cancer_Treatment?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_9576047","summary":"Purpose: To develop an optimal nonviral aerosol formulation for locoregional treatment of early lung cancer. Experimental Design: The formulation was made of polylysine/protamine combination (AND) as the carrier and p53 gene (p53sm) as therapeutic agent. To estimate the aerosol deposition, the aerodynamic size of the AND-p53sm was measured with extrusion-precipitation method. To accurately determine the dose, the aerosol efficiency in mice was measured with a fluorescent dye. The transfection efficiency and DNA protection function of the aerosolized formulation in cultured cells and mouse lungs were detected with reporter gene assays and/or reverse transcription-PCR.The preclinical safety and efficacy of AND-p53sm were studied in healthy mice and mice bearing orthotopic human non^small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft. Results: After aerosolization, AND is 3-to 17-fold more effective than commonly used PEI or cationic lipid formulations in transfecting the NSCLC cells (relative light units, 1,494 versus 534 and 86; P \u003c 0.003). Aerodynamic size of AND-p53sm ranged 0.2 to 3 Am is the optimal aerosol droplets for deposition in the entire human respiratory tract. Significant gene expression was detected in the lungs of mice given aerosolized AND-p53sm and AND-luciferase. Aerosolized AND-p53sm significantly prolonged the life of mice bearing orthotopic human NSCLC xenografts, and it was more effective than an optimal i.v. cisplatin chemotherapy (increased life span, 93% versus 25%; P = 0.014). Inhalation of AND produced low and reversible pulmonary toxicity and no systemic toxicity. Conclusions: This optimal formulation is suitable for delivering biological materials to human lung with aerosol administration. This therapeutic strategy is an option for patients with early lung cancer and bronchoalveolar carcinoma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47720442,"asset_id":9576047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22649575,"first_name":"Mari","last_name":"lia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Marilia","display_name":"Mari lia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Marilia?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":36763,"name":"Aerosols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosols?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":51698,"name":"Lung Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Cancer?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=23390"},{"id":111011,"name":"Gene transfer techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_transfer_techniques?f_ri=23390"},{"id":176756,"name":"FORMULATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FORMULATION?f_ri=23390"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=23390"},{"id":219927,"name":"Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1181678,"name":"High Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Efficiency?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16396340 coauthored" data-work_id="16396340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16396340/The_Cellular_Autophagy_Markers_Beclin_1_and_LC3B_II_are_Increased_During_Reperfusion_in_Fibrillated_Mouse_Hearts">The Cellular Autophagy Markers Beclin-1 and LC3B-II are Increased During Reperfusion in Fibrillated Mouse Hearts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process for elimination of damaged macromolecules and organelles. In the past decades, the scientific community has gained increasingly detailed understanding of the role of autophagy in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16396340" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process for elimination of damaged macromolecules and organelles. In the past decades, the scientific community has gained increasingly detailed understanding of the role of autophagy in myocardial homeostasis, although still many controversies remain. In the ischemic myocardium, autophagy appears to be beneficial for survival, whereas upon reperfusion the process may induce cell death. However, the overall effect of autophagy seems to depend on the duration and intensity of stress, as along with the extent of autophagy within myocardial tissue. Reperfusion of an ischemic heart maybe harmful, but it is an essential process for myocardial survival. One of the major adverse consequences of reperfusion is the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). In the present study, we investigated the possible connection between autophagy and VF. Isolated mouse hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and divided into two groups based on the development of VF at the beginning of reperfusion. Western blot analysis was conducted for autophagy-associated proteins LC3B, ATG-5, ATG-7, ATG-12, Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 proteins. Significantly higher level of Beclin-1 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio (both definitive autophagy biomarkers) was observed in the fibrillated myocardium, versus tissue from the nonfibrillated hearts. Interestingly, although Bcl-2 is a major regulator of Beclin-1, level of this protein was not significantly altered in tissue from fibrillated, versus non-fibrillated hearts. Moreover, Atg7 expression showed a trend, albeit nonsignificant, towards elevation in fibrillated versus non-fibrillated hearts. Results of the present investigation demonstrate a possible link between VF and autophagy. Studies by authors of this report to evaluate potential etiologic relationships between the two processes are ongoing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16396340" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7de10d7236b7818394079e5a60210461" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38975566,"asset_id":16396340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38975566/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7003124" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CyrilReboul">Cyril Reboul</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7003124" type="text/json">{"id":7003124,"first_name":"Cyril","last_name":"Reboul","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CyrilReboul","display_name":"Cyril Reboul","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CyrilReboul?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16396340">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16396340"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/currentpharmaceuticaldesign">Current Pharmaceutical Design</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IstvanLekli">Istvan Lekli</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16396340'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16396340').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16396340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16396340"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16396340; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16396340]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16396340").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16396340").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16396340"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autophagy">Autophagy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17923" type="text/json">{"id":17923,"name":"Autophagy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autophagy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50948" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia_Reperfusion_Injury">Ischemia Reperfusion Injury</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50948" type="text/json">{"id":50948,"name":"Ischemia Reperfusion Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia_Reperfusion_Injury?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16396340]'), work: {"id":16396340,"title":"The Cellular Autophagy Markers Beclin-1 and LC3B-II are Increased During Reperfusion in Fibrillated Mouse Hearts","created_at":"2015-10-02T03:43:07.356-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16396340/The_Cellular_Autophagy_Markers_Beclin_1_and_LC3B_II_are_Increased_During_Reperfusion_in_Fibrillated_Mouse_Hearts?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_16396340","summary":"Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process for elimination of damaged macromolecules and organelles. In the past decades, the scientific community has gained increasingly detailed understanding of the role of autophagy in myocardial homeostasis, although still many controversies remain. In the ischemic myocardium, autophagy appears to be beneficial for survival, whereas upon reperfusion the process may induce cell death. However, the overall effect of autophagy seems to depend on the duration and intensity of stress, as along with the extent of autophagy within myocardial tissue. Reperfusion of an ischemic heart maybe harmful, but it is an essential process for myocardial survival. One of the major adverse consequences of reperfusion is the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). In the present study, we investigated the possible connection between autophagy and VF. Isolated mouse hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and divided into two groups based on the development of VF at the beginning of reperfusion. Western blot analysis was conducted for autophagy-associated proteins LC3B, ATG-5, ATG-7, ATG-12, Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 proteins. Significantly higher level of Beclin-1 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio (both definitive autophagy biomarkers) was observed in the fibrillated myocardium, versus tissue from the nonfibrillated hearts. Interestingly, although Bcl-2 is a major regulator of Beclin-1, level of this protein was not significantly altered in tissue from fibrillated, versus non-fibrillated hearts. Moreover, Atg7 expression showed a trend, albeit nonsignificant, towards elevation in fibrillated versus non-fibrillated hearts. Results of the present investigation demonstrate a possible link between VF and autophagy. Studies by authors of this report to evaluate potential etiologic relationships between the two processes are ongoing. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38975566,"asset_id":16396340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7003124,"first_name":"Cyril","last_name":"Reboul","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CyrilReboul","display_name":"Cyril Reboul","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CyrilReboul?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":26485124,"first_name":"Current","last_name":"Pharmaceutical Design","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"currentpharmaceuticaldesign","display_name":"Current Pharmaceutical Design","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/currentpharmaceuticaldesign?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26485124/7417544/8337431/s65_current.pharmaceutical_design.jpg"},{"id":31897376,"first_name":"Istvan","last_name":"Lekli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IstvanLekli","display_name":"Istvan Lekli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IstvanLekli?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":17923,"name":"Autophagy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autophagy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":50948,"name":"Ischemia Reperfusion Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia_Reperfusion_Injury?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":82983,"name":"Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia?f_ri=23390"},{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":108722,"name":"Ischemia-Reperfusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia-Reperfusion?f_ri=23390"},{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=23390"},{"id":401581,"name":"Resveratrol-Activated AMPK/SIRT1/Autophagy in Cellular Models of Parkinson’s Disease.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resveratrol-Activated_AMPK_SIRT1_Autophagy_in_Cellular_Models_of_Parkinsons_Disease?f_ri=23390"},{"id":541092,"name":"Cerebral Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Ischemia?f_ri=23390"},{"id":591406,"name":"Apoptosis, Autophagy, Necrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis_Autophagy_Necrosis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1030673,"name":"Ischemia–reperfusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia_reperfusion?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1317765,"name":"HPLCApplication of Quality by Design to Analytical Method Development; Pre-formulation \u0026 Pharmaceutical Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPLCApplication_of_Quality_by_Design_to_Analytical_Method_Development_Pre-formulation_and_Pharmaceuti?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1452652,"name":"Ventricular Fibrillation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ventricular_Fibrillation?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80859664" data-work_id="80859664" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80859664/Transdermal_drug_delivery_system_TDDS_adhesion_as_a_critical_safety_efficacy_and_quality_attribute">Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) adhesion as a critical safety, efficacy and quality attribute</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as ''patches,'' are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient's skin. The adhesive of the transdermal drug delivery system is critical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80859664" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as ''patches,'' are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient's skin. The adhesive of the transdermal drug delivery system is critical to the safety, efficacy and quality of the product. In the Drug Quality Reporting System (DQRS), the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received numerous reports of ''adhesion lacking'' for transdermal drug delivery systems. This article provides an overview of types of transdermals, their anatomy, the role of adhesion, the possible adhesion failure modes and how adhesion can be measured. Excerpts from FDA reports on the lack of adhesion of transdermal system products are presented. Pros and cons of in vitro techniques, such as peel adhesion, tack and shear strength, in vivo techniques used to evaluate adhesive properties are discussed. To see a decrease in ''adhesion lacking'' reports, adhesion needs to become an important design parameter and suitable methods need to be available to assess quality and in vivo performance. This article provides a framework for further discussion and scientific work to improve transdermal adhesive performance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80859664" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79f12d5e2cd7ad89a57e88ac975d37d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87100851,"asset_id":80859664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87100851/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="190152744" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DoubBill">Bill Doub</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="190152744" type="text/json">{"id":190152744,"first_name":"Bill","last_name":"Doub","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DoubBill","display_name":"Bill Doub","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DoubBill?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80859664 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80859664"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80859664, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80859664", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80859664]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80859664").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80859664").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80859664"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery">Drug delivery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11257" type="text/json">{"id":11257,"name":"Drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesion">Adhesion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28505" type="text/json">{"id":28505,"name":"Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesion?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control">Quality Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37306" type="text/json">{"id":37306,"name":"Quality Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80859664]'), work: {"id":80859664,"title":"Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) adhesion as a critical safety, efficacy and quality attribute","created_at":"2022-06-06T13:15:43.436-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80859664/Transdermal_drug_delivery_system_TDDS_adhesion_as_a_critical_safety_efficacy_and_quality_attribute?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_80859664","summary":"Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as ''patches,'' are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient's skin. The adhesive of the transdermal drug delivery system is critical to the safety, efficacy and quality of the product. In the Drug Quality Reporting System (DQRS), the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received numerous reports of ''adhesion lacking'' for transdermal drug delivery systems. This article provides an overview of types of transdermals, their anatomy, the role of adhesion, the possible adhesion failure modes and how adhesion can be measured. Excerpts from FDA reports on the lack of adhesion of transdermal system products are presented. Pros and cons of in vitro techniques, such as peel adhesion, tack and shear strength, in vivo techniques used to evaluate adhesive properties are discussed. To see a decrease in ''adhesion lacking'' reports, adhesion needs to become an important design parameter and suitable methods need to be available to assess quality and in vivo performance. This article provides a framework for further discussion and scientific work to improve transdermal adhesive performance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87100851,"asset_id":80859664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":190152744,"first_name":"Bill","last_name":"Doub","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DoubBill","display_name":"Bill Doub","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DoubBill?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11257,"name":"Drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":28505,"name":"Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adhesion?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":37306,"name":"Quality Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":41747,"name":"Dosage Form","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dosage_Form?f_ri=23390"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=23390"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=23390"},{"id":159187,"name":"Drug Delivery Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Delivery_Systems?f_ri=23390"},{"id":212013,"name":"Quality Attributes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Attributes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":219927,"name":"Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency?f_ri=23390"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=23390"},{"id":482561,"name":"Shear Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear_Strength?f_ri=23390"},{"id":775583,"name":"Shear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1119466,"name":"Food and Drug Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Drug_Administration?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1190413,"name":"Transdermal Drug Delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transdermal_Drug_Delivery?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2756595,"name":"Skin Absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Absorption?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73109603" data-work_id="73109603" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73109603/Orexins_and_orexin_receptors_from_molecules_to_integrative_physiology">Orexins and orexin receptors: from molecules to integrative physiology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent studies have implicated the orexin system as a critical regulator of sleep/wake states, feeding behavior, and reward processes. Orexin deficiency results in narcolepsy-cataplexy in humans, dogs, and rodents, suggesting that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73109603" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent studies have implicated the orexin system as a critical regulator of sleep/wake states, feeding behavior, and reward processes. Orexin deficiency results in narcolepsy-cataplexy in humans, dogs, and rodents, suggesting that the orexin system is particularly important for maintenance of wakefulness. Orexin agonists and antagonists are thought to be promising avenues toward the treatment of sleep disorders, eating disorders, and drug addiction. In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of the physiological roles of orexins in regulation of arousal, sleep/wake states, energy homeostasis, and reward systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73109603" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d657564ee4e7503721810e5271778cdf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81759968,"asset_id":73109603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81759968/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41948946" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaizoMatsuki">Taizo Matsuki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41948946" type="text/json">{"id":41948946,"first_name":"Taizo","last_name":"Matsuki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaizoMatsuki","display_name":"Taizo Matsuki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaizoMatsuki?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73109603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73109603"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73109603, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73109603", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73109603]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73109603").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73109603").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73109603"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52438" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs">Dogs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52438" type="text/json">{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcolepsy">Narcolepsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55213" type="text/json">{"id":55213,"name":"Narcolepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcolepsy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73109603]'), work: {"id":73109603,"title":"Orexins and orexin receptors: from molecules to integrative physiology","created_at":"2022-03-05T06:23:22.015-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73109603/Orexins_and_orexin_receptors_from_molecules_to_integrative_physiology?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_73109603","summary":"Recent studies have implicated the orexin system as a critical regulator of sleep/wake states, feeding behavior, and reward processes. Orexin deficiency results in narcolepsy-cataplexy in humans, dogs, and rodents, suggesting that the orexin system is particularly important for maintenance of wakefulness. Orexin agonists and antagonists are thought to be promising avenues toward the treatment of sleep disorders, eating disorders, and drug addiction. In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of the physiological roles of orexins in regulation of arousal, sleep/wake states, energy homeostasis, and reward systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81759968,"asset_id":73109603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41948946,"first_name":"Taizo","last_name":"Matsuki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TaizoMatsuki","display_name":"Taizo Matsuki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TaizoMatsuki?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":55213,"name":"Narcolepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcolepsy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":62285,"name":"Neuropeptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropeptides?f_ri=23390"},{"id":86313,"name":"G protein-coupled receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_protein-coupled_receptors?f_ri=23390"},{"id":106431,"name":"Sleep disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_disorders?f_ri=23390"},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=23390"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=23390"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=23390"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=23390"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=23390"},{"id":546437,"name":"Sleep Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Disorder?f_ri=23390"},{"id":578336,"name":"Eating Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorder?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1531243,"name":"Cataplexy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataplexy?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70395364" data-work_id="70395364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70395364/Adsorption_characteristics_of_paracetamol_removal_onto_activated_carbon_prepared_from_Cannabis_sativum_Hemp">Adsorption characteristics of paracetamol removal onto activated carbon prepared from Cannabis sativum Hemp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Drugs contamination to wastewater from health care facilities and the pharma industry is a growing problem attracting scientific solution and engineering treatments. This study was performed for the adsorptive removal of paracetamol from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70395364" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Drugs contamination to wastewater from health care facilities and the pharma industry is a growing problem attracting scientific solution and engineering treatments. This study was performed for the adsorptive removal of paracetamol from water employing activated carbon (AC) prepared from Cannabis Sativum Hemp (CSH). The used CSH is spontaneously available lignocellulosic biomass that nurtures on the roadside and in uncultivated lands naturally. Process performance was optimized by studying the consequences of experimental features, such as pH, particle size, temperature, retention time, stirring speed, and adsorbent dose. Adsorption dynamics were studied employing Langmuir isotherms and Freundlich isotherms. Isothermal dynamics showed that the adsorption of paracetamol on the developed adsorbent was favorable. The kinetics analysis elucidated that the adsorption follows the pseudo second-order model preferably as the value of R 2 = 0.9893. The maximum adsorption capacity of developed activated carbon was found to be 16.18 mg/g. The study results proved that the CSH is an efficient, cheap, and sustainable feedstock for the manufacturing of AC to be used for the efficient removal of paracetamol from an aqueous system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70395364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b9b3fb39a15dbca6b5d374d751e0f309" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80166386,"asset_id":70395364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80166386/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45506606" href="https://tsinghua.academia.edu/DrMuhammadSajid">Dr. Muhammad Sajid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45506606" type="text/json">{"id":45506606,"first_name":"Dr. Muhammad","last_name":"Sajid","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"DrMuhammadSajid","display_name":"Dr. Muhammad Sajid","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/DrMuhammadSajid?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45506606/20122347/19873417/s65_sajid.chaudhary.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70395364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70395364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70395364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70395364", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70395364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70395364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70395364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70395364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12229" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics_And_Mechanistic_Studies">Kinetics And Mechanistic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12229" type="text/json">{"id":12229,"name":"Kinetics And Mechanistic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics_And_Mechanistic_Studies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_carbon_adsorption">Activated carbon adsorption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18469" type="text/json">{"id":18469,"name":"Activated carbon adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_carbon_adsorption?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113095" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment">Adsorption and wastewater treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113095" type="text/json">{"id":113095,"name":"Adsorption and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70395364]'), work: {"id":70395364,"title":"Adsorption characteristics of paracetamol removal onto activated carbon prepared from Cannabis sativum Hemp","created_at":"2022-02-04T02:15:48.793-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70395364/Adsorption_characteristics_of_paracetamol_removal_onto_activated_carbon_prepared_from_Cannabis_sativum_Hemp?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_70395364","summary":"Drugs contamination to wastewater from health care facilities and the pharma industry is a growing problem attracting scientific solution and engineering treatments. This study was performed for the adsorptive removal of paracetamol from water employing activated carbon (AC) prepared from Cannabis Sativum Hemp (CSH). The used CSH is spontaneously available lignocellulosic biomass that nurtures on the roadside and in uncultivated lands naturally. Process performance was optimized by studying the consequences of experimental features, such as pH, particle size, temperature, retention time, stirring speed, and adsorbent dose. Adsorption dynamics were studied employing Langmuir isotherms and Freundlich isotherms. Isothermal dynamics showed that the adsorption of paracetamol on the developed adsorbent was favorable. The kinetics analysis elucidated that the adsorption follows the pseudo second-order model preferably as the value of R 2 = 0.9893. The maximum adsorption capacity of developed activated carbon was found to be 16.18 mg/g. The study results proved that the CSH is an efficient, cheap, and sustainable feedstock for the manufacturing of AC to be used for the efficient removal of paracetamol from an aqueous system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80166386,"asset_id":70395364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45506606,"first_name":"Dr. Muhammad","last_name":"Sajid","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"DrMuhammadSajid","display_name":"Dr. Muhammad Sajid","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/DrMuhammadSajid?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45506606/20122347/19873417/s65_sajid.chaudhary.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12229,"name":"Kinetics And Mechanistic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics_And_Mechanistic_Studies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":18469,"name":"Activated carbon adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_carbon_adsorption?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":113095,"name":"Adsorption and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67534461" data-work_id="67534461" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67534461/Investigating_factors_leading_to_fogging_of_glass_vials_in_lyophilized_drug_products">Investigating factors leading to fogging of glass vials in lyophilized drug products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vial ''Fogging'' is a phenomenon observed after lyophilization due to drug product creeping upwards along the inner vial surface. After the freeze-drying process, a haze of dried powder is visible inside the drug product vial, making it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67534461" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vial ''Fogging'' is a phenomenon observed after lyophilization due to drug product creeping upwards along the inner vial surface. After the freeze-drying process, a haze of dried powder is visible inside the drug product vial, making it barely acceptable for commercial distribution from a cosmetic point of view. Development studies were performed to identify the root cause for fogging during manufacturing of a lyophilized monoclonal antibody drug product. The results of the studies indicate that drug product creeping occurs during the filling process, leading to vial fogging after lyophilization. Glass quality/ inner surface, glass conversion/vial processing (vial ''history'') and formulation excipients, e.g., surfactants (three different surfactants were tested), all affect glass fogging to a certain degree. Results showed that the main factor to control fogging is primarily the inner vial surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. While Duran vials were not capable of reliably improving the level of fogging, hydrophobic containers provided reliable means to improve the cosmetic appearance due to reduction in fogging. Varying vial depyrogenation treatment conditions did not lead to satisfying results in removal of the fogging effect. Processing conditions of the vial after filling with drug product had a strong impact on reducing but not eliminating fogging.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67534461" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8924142c12391be9d8f46815db7b00b8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78313874,"asset_id":67534461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78313874/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211870025" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MahlerHannschristian">Hannschristian Mahler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211870025" type="text/json">{"id":211870025,"first_name":"Hannschristian","last_name":"Mahler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MahlerHannschristian","display_name":"Hannschristian Mahler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MahlerHannschristian?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67534461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67534461"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67534461, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67534461", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67534461]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67534461").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67534461").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67534461"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass">Glass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7742" type="text/json">{"id":7742,"name":"Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147196" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies">Monoclonal Antibodies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="147196" type="text/json">{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67534461]'), work: {"id":67534461,"title":"Investigating factors leading to fogging of glass vials in lyophilized drug products","created_at":"2022-01-07T07:53:19.726-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67534461/Investigating_factors_leading_to_fogging_of_glass_vials_in_lyophilized_drug_products?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_67534461","summary":"Vial ''Fogging'' is a phenomenon observed after lyophilization due to drug product creeping upwards along the inner vial surface. After the freeze-drying process, a haze of dried powder is visible inside the drug product vial, making it barely acceptable for commercial distribution from a cosmetic point of view. Development studies were performed to identify the root cause for fogging during manufacturing of a lyophilized monoclonal antibody drug product. The results of the studies indicate that drug product creeping occurs during the filling process, leading to vial fogging after lyophilization. Glass quality/ inner surface, glass conversion/vial processing (vial ''history'') and formulation excipients, e.g., surfactants (three different surfactants were tested), all affect glass fogging to a certain degree. Results showed that the main factor to control fogging is primarily the inner vial surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. While Duran vials were not capable of reliably improving the level of fogging, hydrophobic containers provided reliable means to improve the cosmetic appearance due to reduction in fogging. Varying vial depyrogenation treatment conditions did not lead to satisfying results in removal of the fogging effect. Processing conditions of the vial after filling with drug product had a strong impact on reducing but not eliminating fogging.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78313874,"asset_id":67534461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":211870025,"first_name":"Hannschristian","last_name":"Mahler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MahlerHannschristian","display_name":"Hannschristian Mahler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MahlerHannschristian?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7742,"name":"Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":405347,"name":"Pharmaceutical Formulation Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Formulation_Technology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":412732,"name":"Lyophilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lyophilization?f_ri=23390"},{"id":443341,"name":"Freeze Drying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freeze_Drying?f_ri=23390"},{"id":725284,"name":"Drug Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Packaging?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2364406,"name":"Visual Inspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Inspection?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32384817" data-work_id="32384817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32384817/Biodegradable_Injectable_In_Situ_Implants_and_Microparticles_for_Sustained_Release_of_Montelukast_In_Vitro_Release_Pharmacokinetics_and_Stability">Biodegradable Injectable In Situ Implants and Microparticles for Sustained Release of Montelukast: In Vitro Release, Pharmacokinetics, and Stability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. 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It is therefore responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in a number of countries. Infections with E. histolytica are treated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32200898" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. It is therefore responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in a number of countries. Infections with E. histolytica are treated with nitroimidazoles, primarily with metronidazole. At this time, there is a lack of useful alternative classes of substances for the treatment of invasive amoebiasis. Alkylphosphocholines (alkyl-PCs) such as hexadecyl-PC (miltefosine) were originally developed as antitumor agents, but recently they have been successfully used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in humans. We examined hexadecyl-PC and several other alkyl-PCs with longer alkyl chains, with and without double bond(s), for their activity against two strains of E. histolytica. The compounds with the highest activity were oleyl-PC, octadecyl-PC, and nonadecenyl-PC, with 50% effective concentrations for 48 h of treatment between 15 and 21 M for strain SFL-3 and between 73 and 98 M for strain HM-1:IMSS. We also tested liposomal formulations of these alkyl-PCs and miltefosine. The alkyl-PC liposomes showed slightly lower activity, but are expected to be well tolerated. Liposomal formulations of oleyl-PC or closely related alkyl-PCs could be promising candidates for testing as broadspectrum antiprotozoal and antitumor agents in humans.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32200898" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de9ab0604636a09becb09495a8eee609" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52431890,"asset_id":32200898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52431890/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62444767" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KSeifert2">K. Seifert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62444767" type="text/json">{"id":62444767,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Seifert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KSeifert2","display_name":"K. 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It is therefore responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in a number of countries. Infections with E. histolytica are treated with nitroimidazoles, primarily with metronidazole. At this time, there is a lack of useful alternative classes of substances for the treatment of invasive amoebiasis. Alkylphosphocholines (alkyl-PCs) such as hexadecyl-PC (miltefosine) were originally developed as antitumor agents, but recently they have been successfully used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in humans. We examined hexadecyl-PC and several other alkyl-PCs with longer alkyl chains, with and without double bond(s), for their activity against two strains of E. histolytica. The compounds with the highest activity were oleyl-PC, octadecyl-PC, and nonadecenyl-PC, with 50% effective concentrations for 48 h of treatment between 15 and 21 M for strain SFL-3 and between 73 and 98 M for strain HM-1:IMSS. We also tested liposomal formulations of these alkyl-PCs and miltefosine. The alkyl-PC liposomes showed slightly lower activity, but are expected to be well tolerated. Liposomal formulations of oleyl-PC or closely related alkyl-PCs could be promising candidates for testing as broadspectrum antiprotozoal and antitumor agents in humans.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52431890,"asset_id":32200898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62444767,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Seifert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KSeifert2","display_name":"K. Seifert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KSeifert2?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":53317,"name":"Intestinal Parasites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestinal_Parasites?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":128004,"name":"Visceral Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visceral_Leishmaniasis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=23390"},{"id":571342,"name":"Entamoeba histolytica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entamoeba_histolytica?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1031068,"name":"Drug Carriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Carriers?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4977690" data-work_id="4977690" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4977690/Substituted_benzothiadizine_inhibitors_of_Hepatitis_C_virus_polymerase">Substituted benzothiadizine inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus polymerase</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The synthesis and optimisation of HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors with improved potency versus the existing compound 1 is described. Substitution in the benzothiadiazine portion of the molecule, furnishing improvement in potency in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4977690" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The synthesis and optimisation of HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors with improved potency versus the existing compound 1 is described. Substitution in the benzothiadiazine portion of the molecule, furnishing improvement in potency in the high protein Replicon assay, is highlighted, culminating in the discovery of 12h, a highly potent oxyacetamide derivative.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4977690" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab730ee332264bcf41d5772ee1fe1961" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49503754,"asset_id":4977690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49503754/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6574810" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DukeFitch">Duke Fitch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6574810" type="text/json">{"id":6574810,"first_name":"Duke","last_name":"Fitch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DukeFitch","display_name":"Duke Fitch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DukeFitch?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4977690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4977690"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4977690, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4977690", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4977690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4977690; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4977690"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4977690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4977690"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4977690; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4977690]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4977690").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4977690").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4977690"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120789" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design">Drug Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120789" type="text/json">{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140320" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C_Virus">Hepatitis C Virus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="140320" type="text/json">{"id":140320,"name":"Hepatitis C Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C_Virus?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4977690]'), work: {"id":4977690,"title":"Substituted benzothiadizine inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus polymerase","created_at":"2013-11-03T11:15:39.449-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4977690/Substituted_benzothiadizine_inhibitors_of_Hepatitis_C_virus_polymerase?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_4977690","summary":"The synthesis and optimisation of HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors with improved potency versus the existing compound 1 is described. Substitution in the benzothiadiazine portion of the molecule, furnishing improvement in potency in the high protein Replicon assay, is highlighted, culminating in the discovery of 12h, a highly potent oxyacetamide derivative.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49503754,"asset_id":4977690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6574810,"first_name":"Duke","last_name":"Fitch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DukeFitch","display_name":"Duke Fitch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DukeFitch?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":140320,"name":"Hepatitis C Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C_Virus?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=23390"},{"id":649537,"name":"Molecular Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Conformation?f_ri=23390"},{"id":728493,"name":"Bioorganic and medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioorganic_and_medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":911004,"name":"High-protein Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High-protein_Diet?f_ri=23390"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1622318,"name":"Antiviral Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral_Agents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26895186 coauthored" data-work_id="26895186" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26895186/Biotechnological_Production_of_Taxol_and_Related_Taxoids_Current_State_and_Prospects">Biotechnological Production of Taxol and Related Taxoids: Current State and Prospects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Taxol is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs ever developed. The natural source of taxol is the inner bark of several Taxus species, but it accumulates at a very low concentration and with a prohibitively high cost of extraction.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26895186" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Taxol is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs ever developed. The natural source of taxol is the inner bark of several Taxus species, but it accumulates at a very low concentration and with a prohibitively high cost of extraction. Another problem is that the use of inner bark for taxol production implies the destruction of yew trees. For all these reasons, the growing demand for taxol greatly exceeds the supply that can be sustained by isolation from its natural source and alternative sources of the drug are being sought. Although taxol has been prepared by total synthesis, the process is not commercially viable.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26895186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="208f450fbc207317b7f3369270d3e505" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47159431,"asset_id":26895186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47159431/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50925410" href="https://ub.academia.edu/RosaCusido">Rosa Cusidó</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50925410" type="text/json">{"id":50925410,"first_name":"Rosa","last_name":"Cusidó","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"RosaCusido","display_name":"Rosa Cusidó","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/RosaCusido?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26895186">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26895186"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethMoyano">Elisabeth Moyano</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26895186'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26895186').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26895186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26895186"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26895186, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26895186", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26895186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26895186; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26895186"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26895186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26895186"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26895186; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26895186]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26895186").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26895186").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26895186"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133873" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants">Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133873" type="text/json">{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168351" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168351" type="text/json">{"id":168351,"name":"Paclitaxel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paclitaxel?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="967839" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship">Structure activity Relationship</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="967839" type="text/json">{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26895186]'), work: {"id":26895186,"title":"Biotechnological Production of Taxol and Related Taxoids: Current State and Prospects","created_at":"2016-07-11T06:17:32.573-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26895186/Biotechnological_Production_of_Taxol_and_Related_Taxoids_Current_State_and_Prospects?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_26895186","summary":"Taxol is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs ever developed. The natural source of taxol is the inner bark of several Taxus species, but it accumulates at a very low concentration and with a prohibitively high cost of extraction. Another problem is that the use of inner bark for taxol production implies the destruction of yew trees. For all these reasons, the growing demand for taxol greatly exceeds the supply that can be sustained by isolation from its natural source and alternative sources of the drug are being sought. Although taxol has been prepared by total synthesis, the process is not commercially viable.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47159431,"asset_id":26895186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50925410,"first_name":"Rosa","last_name":"Cusidó","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"RosaCusido","display_name":"Rosa Cusidó","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/RosaCusido?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":50899506,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Moyano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethMoyano","display_name":"Elisabeth Moyano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethMoyano?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":168351,"name":"Paclitaxel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paclitaxel?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":1653052,"name":"Anti Cancer Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Cancer_Agents?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20244142 coauthored" data-work_id="20244142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20244142/Moisture_and_drug_solid_state_monitoring_during_a_continuous_drying_process_using_empirical_and_mass_balance_models">Moisture and drug solid-state monitoring during a continuous drying process using empirical and mass balance models</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Classically, the end point detection during fluid bed drying has been performed using indirect parameters, such as the product temperature or the humidity of the outlet drying air. This paper aims at comparing those classic methods to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20244142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Classically, the end point detection during fluid bed drying has been performed using indirect parameters, such as the product temperature or the humidity of the outlet drying air. This paper aims at comparing those classic methods to both in-line moisture and solid-state determination by means of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools (Raman and NIR spectroscopy) and a mass balance approach. The six-segmented fluid bed drying system being part of a fully continuous from-powder-to-tablet production line (ConsiGma™-25) was used for this study. A theophylline:lactose:PVP (30:67.5:2.5) blend was chosen as model formulation. For the development of the NIR-based moisture determination model, 15 calibration experiments in the fluid bed dryer were performed. Six test experiments were conducted afterwards, and the product was monitored in-line with NIR and Raman spectroscopy during drying. The results (drying endpoint and residual moisture) obtained via the NIR-based moisture determination model, the classical approach by means of indirect parameters and the mass balance model were then compared. Our conclusion is that the PAT-based method is most suited for use in a production set-up. Secondly, the different size fractions of the dried granules obtained during different experiments (fines, yield and oversized granules) were compared separately, revealing differences in both solid state of theophylline and moisture content between the different granule size fractions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20244142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a3748be070cf657d34dd59899edbc422" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41973754,"asset_id":20244142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41973754/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41455259" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/ElisabethPeeters">Elisabeth Peeters</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41455259" type="text/json">{"id":41455259,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Peeters","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"ElisabethPeeters","display_name":"Elisabeth Peeters","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/ElisabethPeeters?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20244142">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20244142"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://dtu.academia.edu/KristGernaey">Krist Gernaey</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20244142'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20244142').html(); 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This paper aims at comparing those classic methods to both in-line moisture and solid-state determination by means of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools (Raman and NIR spectroscopy) and a mass balance approach. The six-segmented fluid bed drying system being part of a fully continuous from-powder-to-tablet production line (ConsiGma™-25) was used for this study. A theophylline:lactose:PVP (30:67.5:2.5) blend was chosen as model formulation. For the development of the NIR-based moisture determination model, 15 calibration experiments in the fluid bed dryer were performed. Six test experiments were conducted afterwards, and the product was monitored in-line with NIR and Raman spectroscopy during drying. The results (drying endpoint and residual moisture) obtained via the NIR-based moisture determination model, the classical approach by means of indirect parameters and the mass balance model were then compared. Our conclusion is that the PAT-based method is most suited for use in a production set-up. Secondly, the different size fractions of the dried granules obtained during different experiments (fines, yield and oversized granules) were compared separately, revealing differences in both solid state of theophylline and moisture content between the different granule size fractions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41973754,"asset_id":20244142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41455259,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Peeters","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"ElisabethPeeters","display_name":"Elisabeth Peeters","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/ElisabethPeeters?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":22073696,"first_name":"Krist","last_name":"Gernaey","domain_name":"dtu","page_name":"KristGernaey","display_name":"Krist 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spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NIR_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":174775,"name":"Pca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pca?f_ri=23390"},{"id":183272,"name":"Api","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Api?f_ri=23390"},{"id":274855,"name":"Theophylline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theophylline?f_ri=23390"},{"id":444369,"name":"Humidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humidity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=23390"},{"id":595076,"name":"Nir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nir?f_ri=23390"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular 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u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Towards a real time release approach for manufacturing tablets using NIR spectroscopy, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (2014), http://dx.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14975405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2630ce87816e31d91b82bfa78475a55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43682924,"asset_id":14975405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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Ziemons</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GregoryThoorens">Gregory Thoorens</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GThoorens">Gregory Thoorens</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14975405'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14975405').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14975405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14975405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14975405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14975405", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14975405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14975405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14975405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14975405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6069" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NIRS">NIRS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6069" type="text/json">{"id":6069,"name":"NIRS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NIRS?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75847" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPLC">HPLC</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="75847" type="text/json">{"id":75847,"name":"HPLC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPLC?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14975405]'), work: {"id":14975405,"title":"Towards a real time release approach for manufacturing tablets using NIR spectroscopy","created_at":"2015-08-17T01:39:44.220-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14975405/Towards_a_real_time_release_approach_for_manufacturing_tablets_using_NIR_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_14975405","summary":"Towards a real time release approach for manufacturing tablets using NIR spectroscopy, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (2014), http://dx.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43682924,"asset_id":14975405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33970428,"first_name":"Fabrice","last_name":"Krier","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"FabriceKrier","display_name":"Fabrice Krier","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/FabriceKrier?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33374411,"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Ziemons","domain_name":"myulg","page_name":"EZiemons","display_name":"E. Ziemons","profile_url":"https://myulg.academia.edu/EZiemons?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33374411/11959184/31661509/s65_e..ziemons.jpg"},{"id":34086708,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Thoorens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GregoryThoorens","display_name":"Gregory Thoorens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GregoryThoorens?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":34147862,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Thoorens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GThoorens","display_name":"Gregory Thoorens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GThoorens?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":6069,"name":"NIRS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NIRS?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":75847,"name":"HPLC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HPLC?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":83120,"name":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":93153,"name":"Process Analytical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Analytical_Technology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":96893,"name":"Calibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calibration?f_ri=23390"},{"id":128134,"name":"Msc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Msc?f_ri=23390"},{"id":176678,"name":"Hardness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardness?f_ri=23390"},{"id":183272,"name":"Api","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Api?f_ri=23390"},{"id":231497,"name":"FDA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FDA?f_ri=23390"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=23390"},{"id":703010,"name":"RSD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RSD?f_ri=23390"},{"id":983681,"name":"Knn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knn?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135812,"name":"Drug Compounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Compounding?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32773315" data-work_id="32773315" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32773315/Formulation_and_evaluation_of_verapamil_hydrochloride_loaded_solid_lipid_microparticles">Formulation and evaluation of verapamil hydrochloride loaded solid lipid microparticles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study aimed to produce verapamil hydrochloride-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) by the w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique, using diethyl ether as solvent phase, glyceryl monostearate as biodegradable polymer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32773315" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study aimed to produce verapamil hydrochloride-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) by the w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique, using diethyl ether as solvent phase, glyceryl monostearate as biodegradable polymer and Span 60 as surfactant. SLM of spherical shape were prepared by simple dilution of the emulsion with water. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to reach sub-micron size, a high-shear homogenizer was used. The encapsulation efficiency of prepared SLM reached 74.29 +/- 0.76%. Particle size (98.55 +/- 1.42 microm), surface morphology (spherical) and drug loading efficiency (18.57 +/- 1.25% w/w) were investigated. And optimization of drug polymer ratio (3:1), nature and concentration of emulsion stabilizer in the external aqueous (0.1%), phase viscosity of external aqueous phase (0.5%), volume of external aqueous phase and stirring rate (1000 rpm) were detected. Analysis of microsphere content after proce...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32773315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db60e750b3146f30dcfcff3e4d19fb47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52928014,"asset_id":32773315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52928014/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63760090" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrahmeshwarMishra">Brahmeshwar Mishra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63760090" type="text/json">{"id":63760090,"first_name":"Brahmeshwar","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrahmeshwarMishra","display_name":"Brahmeshwar Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrahmeshwarMishra?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32773315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32773315"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32773315, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32773315", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32773315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32773315; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32773315"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32773315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32773315"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32773315; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32773315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32773315").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32773315").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32773315"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids">Lipids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52055" type="text/json">{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78753" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry">Differential scanning calorimetry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78753" type="text/json">{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32773315]'), work: {"id":32773315,"title":"Formulation and evaluation of verapamil hydrochloride loaded solid lipid microparticles","created_at":"2017-05-02T07:38:03.900-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32773315/Formulation_and_evaluation_of_verapamil_hydrochloride_loaded_solid_lipid_microparticles?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_32773315","summary":"The present study aimed to produce verapamil hydrochloride-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) by the w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique, using diethyl ether as solvent phase, glyceryl monostearate as biodegradable polymer and Span 60 as surfactant. SLM of spherical shape were prepared by simple dilution of the emulsion with water. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to reach sub-micron size, a high-shear homogenizer was used. The encapsulation efficiency of prepared SLM reached 74.29 +/- 0.76%. Particle size (98.55 +/- 1.42 microm), surface morphology (spherical) and drug loading efficiency (18.57 +/- 1.25% w/w) were investigated. And optimization of drug polymer ratio (3:1), nature and concentration of emulsion stabilizer in the external aqueous (0.1%), phase viscosity of external aqueous phase (0.5%), volume of external aqueous phase and stirring rate (1000 rpm) were detected. Analysis of microsphere content after proce...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52928014,"asset_id":32773315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63760090,"first_name":"Brahmeshwar","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrahmeshwarMishra","display_name":"Brahmeshwar Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrahmeshwarMishra?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":109384,"name":"Viscosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viscosity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":164391,"name":"Pharmazie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmazie?f_ri=23390"},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=23390"},{"id":283379,"name":"Glycerol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycerol?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":440924,"name":"Surface Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Properties?f_ri=23390"},{"id":477103,"name":"Emulsions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emulsions?f_ri=23390"},{"id":794074,"name":"Microspheres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microspheres?f_ri=23390"},{"id":892969,"name":"Materials Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Testing?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1256875,"name":"Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acids?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1722637,"name":"Verapamil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Verapamil?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1954221,"name":"Calcium Channel Blockers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcium_Channel_Blockers?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81163088" data-work_id="81163088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81163088/Formulation_and_evaluation_of_effervescent_tablets_a_review">Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets: a review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81163088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablet are more and more extensively to adjust the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on. This review demonstrated the new applying of effervescent technique in effervescent tablets. Keywords: Effervescent Tablet, Sustained release, Floating Delivery System</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81163088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ef0e6fc9f21dc96f74bcbb2f5699e09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87303906,"asset_id":81163088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87303906/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="143074062" href="https://gujaratuniversity.academia.edu/HIrenpatel1">HIren patel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="143074062" type="text/json">{"id":143074062,"first_name":"HIren","last_name":"patel","domain_name":"gujaratuniversity","page_name":"HIrenpatel1","display_name":"HIren patel","profile_url":"https://gujaratuniversity.academia.edu/HIrenpatel1?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81163088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81163088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81163088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81163088", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81163088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81163088").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81163088").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81163088"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2629" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacogenomics">Pharmacogenomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2629" type="text/json">{"id":2629,"name":"Pharmacogenomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacogenomics?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81163088]'), work: {"id":81163088,"title":"Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets: a review","created_at":"2022-06-10T05:44:52.647-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81163088/Formulation_and_evaluation_of_effervescent_tablets_a_review?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_81163088","summary":"Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablet are more and more extensively to adjust the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on. This review demonstrated the new applying of effervescent technique in effervescent tablets. Keywords: Effervescent Tablet, Sustained release, Floating Delivery System","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87303906,"asset_id":81163088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":143074062,"first_name":"HIren","last_name":"patel","domain_name":"gujaratuniversity","page_name":"HIrenpatel1","display_name":"HIren patel","profile_url":"https://gujaratuniversity.academia.edu/HIrenpatel1?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":2629,"name":"Pharmacogenomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacogenomics?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":12571,"name":"Clinical Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Pharmacology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":36149,"name":"Pharmaceutical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Analysis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":47305,"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Biotechnology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":50281,"name":"Clinical Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Pharmacy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":71297,"name":"Metformin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metformin?f_ri=23390"},{"id":74053,"name":"Novel drug delivery systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Novel_drug_delivery_systems?f_ri=23390"},{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":95655,"name":"Pharmaceutical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical?f_ri=23390"},{"id":168781,"name":"Pharmaceutical formulation and development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_formulation_and_development?f_ri=23390"},{"id":190258,"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Pharmacy_Practice?f_ri=23390"},{"id":284339,"name":"Ibuprofen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibuprofen?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1474946,"name":"Metformin Hydrochloride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metformin_Hydrochloride?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3821523,"name":"ACECLOFENAC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ACECLOFENAC?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80356423" data-work_id="80356423" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80356423/Development_and_Validation_of_a_RP_HPLC_Method_for_Simultaneous_Quantitation_of_Resveratrol_and_Curcumin_Application_to_Nanolipid_Gel_Formulation">Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Resveratrol and Curcumin: Application to Nanolipid Gel Formulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A new RP-HPLC method for quantitation of resveratrol and curcumin was developed and validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Resveratrol and Curcumin shows synergistic effect. Both the drugs either stand alone and in combination have been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80356423" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A new RP-HPLC method for quantitation of resveratrol and curcumin was developed and validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Resveratrol and Curcumin shows synergistic effect. Both the drugs either stand alone and in combination have been utilized in the development of many novel formulations. However, no report is available for their identification and quantitation in combined dosage form. This new method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of resveratrol and Curcumin in a Nanolipid gel formulation.The chromatographic conditions were optimized using Hiber C-18 column, (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile: 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH adjusted to 4.0 ± 0.05 using 1 % v/v o-phosphoric acid (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and detection was performed at 345 nm. The retention times of resveratrol and curcumin were found to be 3.13 min and 6.59 min, respectively. Linearity for both the drugs was established in the range of 10-60 µg/ml. The percentage recoveries of resveratrol and curcumin were found to be in the range of 99.5-101.75 and 99.01-101.05, respectively. The % RSD values for intraday and interday precision were found to be 0.10 and 0.8 for resveratrol and 0.30 and 0.58 for curcumin. LOD and LOQ for resveratrol and curcumin were found to be 0.11 & 0.29 µg/ml and 0.34 & 0.90 µg/ml, respectively. Mean % assay ± S.D. for resveratrol and curcumin in Nanolipid gel formulation using the proposed method were found to be 101.67 ± 0.02 and 98.66</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80356423" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e93adf654658aadb1a1d26b750fb7050" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86765653,"asset_id":80356423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86765653/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18257619" href="https://unipune.academia.edu/ShilpaShrotriya">Shilpa Shrotriya</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18257619" type="text/json">{"id":18257619,"first_name":"Shilpa","last_name":"Shrotriya","domain_name":"unipune","page_name":"ShilpaShrotriya","display_name":"Shilpa Shrotriya","profile_url":"https://unipune.academia.edu/ShilpaShrotriya?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80356423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80356423"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80356423, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80356423", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80356423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80356423").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80356423").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80356423"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="656" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="656" type="text/json">{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy_Practice">Pharmacy Practice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13388" type="text/json">{"id":13388,"name":"Pharmacy Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy_Practice?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80356423]'), work: {"id":80356423,"title":"Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Resveratrol and Curcumin: Application to Nanolipid Gel Formulation","created_at":"2022-05-31T04:28:43.824-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80356423/Development_and_Validation_of_a_RP_HPLC_Method_for_Simultaneous_Quantitation_of_Resveratrol_and_Curcumin_Application_to_Nanolipid_Gel_Formulation?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_80356423","summary":"A new RP-HPLC method for quantitation of resveratrol and curcumin was developed and validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Resveratrol and Curcumin shows synergistic effect. Both the drugs either stand alone and in combination have been utilized in the development of many novel formulations. However, no report is available for their identification and quantitation in combined dosage form. This new method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of resveratrol and Curcumin in a Nanolipid gel formulation.The chromatographic conditions were optimized using Hiber C-18 column, (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile: 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH adjusted to 4.0 ± 0.05 using 1 % v/v o-phosphoric acid (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and detection was performed at 345 nm. The retention times of resveratrol and curcumin were found to be 3.13 min and 6.59 min, respectively. Linearity for both the drugs was established in the range of 10-60 µg/ml. The percentage recoveries of resveratrol and curcumin were found to be in the range of 99.5-101.75 and 99.01-101.05, respectively. The % RSD values for intraday and interday precision were found to be 0.10 and 0.8 for resveratrol and 0.30 and 0.58 for curcumin. LOD and LOQ for resveratrol and curcumin were found to be 0.11 \u0026 0.29 µg/ml and 0.34 \u0026 0.90 µg/ml, respectively. Mean % assay ± S.D. for resveratrol and curcumin in Nanolipid gel formulation using the proposed method were found to be 101.67 ± 0.02 and 98.66","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86765653,"asset_id":80356423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18257619,"first_name":"Shilpa","last_name":"Shrotriya","domain_name":"unipune","page_name":"ShilpaShrotriya","display_name":"Shilpa Shrotriya","profile_url":"https://unipune.academia.edu/ShilpaShrotriya?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":13388,"name":"Pharmacy Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy_Practice?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":26840,"name":"Community Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Pharmacy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":50281,"name":"Clinical Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Pharmacy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":93232,"name":"Curcumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curcumin?f_ri=23390"},{"id":105212,"name":"Pharmacy Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy_Education?f_ri=23390"},{"id":190258,"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Pharmacy_Practice?f_ri=23390"},{"id":201300,"name":"Resveratrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resveratrol?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72148818" data-work_id="72148818" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72148818/Stability_indicating_HPLC_method_for_quantification_of_celecoxib_and_diacerein_along_with_its_impurities_in_capsule_dosage_form">Stability-indicating HPLC method for quantification of celecoxib and diacerein along with its impurities in capsule dosage form</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A novel stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Celecoxib (CEL) and Diacerein (DIN) and its impurities in capsule dosage form. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72148818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A novel stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Celecoxib (CEL) and Diacerein (DIN) and its impurities in capsule dosage form. The method was developed using L1 column with gradient using the mobile phase consist of Solution A (pH = 2.3 buffer) and Solution B (methanol and acetonitrile; 50 : 50, v/v). The eluted compounds were monitored at 255 nm. CEL and DIN were subjected to oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic stress conditions. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision and robustness. The limit of quantitation results were ranged from 0.07 to 0.09 µg/mL for CEL impurities and 0.052 to 0.065 µg/mL for DIN impurities. This method is suitable for the estimation of impurities and assay of CEL and DIN in ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72148818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff69e33a52e2f39a291b1303c38f207a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81194034,"asset_id":72148818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81194034/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="155580055" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LINATRUJILLO31">LINA TRUJILLO</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="155580055" type="text/json">{"id":155580055,"first_name":"LINA","last_name":"TRUJILLO","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LINATRUJILLO31","display_name":"LINA TRUJILLO","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LINATRUJILLO31?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72148818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72148818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72148818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72148818", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72148818]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72148818").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72148818").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72148818"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="239021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochlorothiazide">Hydrochlorothiazide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="239021" type="text/json">{"id":239021,"name":"Hydrochlorothiazide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochlorothiazide?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="246560" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography">High Pressure Liquid Chromatography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="246560" type="text/json">{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72148818]'), work: {"id":72148818,"title":"Stability-indicating HPLC method for quantification of celecoxib and diacerein along with its impurities in capsule dosage form","created_at":"2022-02-21T16:53:09.073-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72148818/Stability_indicating_HPLC_method_for_quantification_of_celecoxib_and_diacerein_along_with_its_impurities_in_capsule_dosage_form?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_72148818","summary":"A novel stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Celecoxib (CEL) and Diacerein (DIN) and its impurities in capsule dosage form. The method was developed using L1 column with gradient using the mobile phase consist of Solution A (pH = 2.3 buffer) and Solution B (methanol and acetonitrile; 50 : 50, v/v). The eluted compounds were monitored at 255 nm. CEL and DIN were subjected to oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic stress conditions. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision and robustness. The limit of quantitation results were ranged from 0.07 to 0.09 µg/mL for CEL impurities and 0.052 to 0.065 µg/mL for DIN impurities. This method is suitable for the estimation of impurities and assay of CEL and DIN in ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81194034,"asset_id":72148818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":155580055,"first_name":"LINA","last_name":"TRUJILLO","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LINATRUJILLO31","display_name":"LINA TRUJILLO","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LINATRUJILLO31?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":239021,"name":"Hydrochlorothiazide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochlorothiazide?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":326386,"name":"Anthraquinones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthraquinones?f_ri=23390"},{"id":362534,"name":"Amides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amides?f_ri=23390"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=23390"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":801412,"name":"Pyrazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrazoles?f_ri=23390"},{"id":995181,"name":"Capsules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capsules?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1826384,"name":"Celecoxib","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celecoxib?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3376795,"name":"Sulfonamides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfonamides?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3489153,"name":"Antihypertensive agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antihypertensive_agents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3988601,"name":"limit of detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/limit_of_detection?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70869794" data-work_id="70869794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70869794/Influence_of_the_Freeze_Drying_Process_on_the_Physicochemical_and_Biological_Properties_of_Pre_heated_Amphotericin_B_Micellar_Systems">Influence of the Freeze-Drying Process on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Pre-heated Amphotericin B Micellar Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The moderate heat treatment of amphotericin B (AmB) in its micellar form (M-AmB) results in superaggregates (H-AmB) that present a substantially lower toxicity and similar activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the H-AmB behavior... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70869794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The moderate heat treatment of amphotericin B (AmB) in its micellar form (M-AmB) results in superaggregates (H-AmB) that present a substantially lower toxicity and similar activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the H-AmB behavior after a freeze-drying process. H-AmB and M-AmB micelles were evaluated before and after freeze-drying concerning their physicochemical and biological properties by spectrophotometry and activity/toxicity assay, respectively. Four concentrations of M-AmB and H-AmB were studied aiming to correlate their aggregation state and the respective biological behavior: 50 mg L −1 , 5 mg L −1 , 0.5 mg L −1 , and 0.05 mg L −1. Then, potassium leakage and hemoglobin leakage from red blood cells were used to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity, respectively. The efficacy of M-AmB and H-AmB formulations was assessed by potassium leakage from Candida albicans and by the broth microdilution method. After heating, in addition to an evident turbidity, a slight blueshift from 327 to 323 nm was also observed at the concentrations of 50 and 5 mg L −1 for H-AmB. Additionally, an increase in the absorbance at 323 nm at the concentration of 0.5 mg L −1 was detected. Concerning the toxicity, H-AmB caused significantly lower hemoglobin leakage than M-AmB. These results were observed for H-AmB before and after freeze-drying. However, there was no difference between H-AmB and M-AmB concerning their activity. Accordingly, the freeze-drying cycle did not show any influence on the behavior of heated formulations, highlighting the suitability of such a method to produce a new AmB product with a long shelf life and with both greater efficiency and less toxicity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70869794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bcb7ed7797ebacb4b8081a13939cacb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80438008,"asset_id":70869794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80438008/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199035168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianSilva202">Christian Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199035168" type="text/json">{"id":199035168,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristianSilva202","display_name":"Christian Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianSilva202?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70869794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70869794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70869794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70869794", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70869794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70869794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70869794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70869794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70869794]'), work: {"id":70869794,"title":"Influence of the Freeze-Drying Process on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Pre-heated Amphotericin B Micellar Systems","created_at":"2022-02-07T11:39:50.520-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70869794/Influence_of_the_Freeze_Drying_Process_on_the_Physicochemical_and_Biological_Properties_of_Pre_heated_Amphotericin_B_Micellar_Systems?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_70869794","summary":"The moderate heat treatment of amphotericin B (AmB) in its micellar form (M-AmB) results in superaggregates (H-AmB) that present a substantially lower toxicity and similar activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the H-AmB behavior after a freeze-drying process. H-AmB and M-AmB micelles were evaluated before and after freeze-drying concerning their physicochemical and biological properties by spectrophotometry and activity/toxicity assay, respectively. Four concentrations of M-AmB and H-AmB were studied aiming to correlate their aggregation state and the respective biological behavior: 50 mg L −1 , 5 mg L −1 , 0.5 mg L −1 , and 0.05 mg L −1. Then, potassium leakage and hemoglobin leakage from red blood cells were used to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity, respectively. The efficacy of M-AmB and H-AmB formulations was assessed by potassium leakage from Candida albicans and by the broth microdilution method. After heating, in addition to an evident turbidity, a slight blueshift from 327 to 323 nm was also observed at the concentrations of 50 and 5 mg L −1 for H-AmB. Additionally, an increase in the absorbance at 323 nm at the concentration of 0.5 mg L −1 was detected. Concerning the toxicity, H-AmB caused significantly lower hemoglobin leakage than M-AmB. These results were observed for H-AmB before and after freeze-drying. However, there was no difference between H-AmB and M-AmB concerning their activity. Accordingly, the freeze-drying cycle did not show any influence on the behavior of heated formulations, highlighting the suitability of such a method to produce a new AmB product with a long shelf life and with both greater efficiency and less toxicity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80438008,"asset_id":70869794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":199035168,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristianSilva202","display_name":"Christian Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianSilva202?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":70047,"name":"Micelles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Micelles?f_ri=23390"},{"id":131573,"name":"Candida albicans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida_albicans?f_ri=23390"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=23390"},{"id":405347,"name":"Pharmaceutical Formulation Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Formulation_Technology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=23390"},{"id":443341,"name":"Freeze Drying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freeze_Drying?f_ri=23390"},{"id":552209,"name":"Antifungal Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Agents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":597305,"name":"AAPS PharmSciTech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AAPS_PharmSciTech?f_ri=23390"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1311261,"name":"Hemoglobins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemoglobins?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62430890" data-work_id="62430890" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62430890/Effect_of_preparation_method_and_cholesterol_on_drug_encapsulation_studies_by_phospholipid_liposomes">Effect of preparation method and cholesterol on drug encapsulation studies by phospholipid liposomes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Unilamellar liposomes, prepared from synthetic lipid mixture of DMPC and DMPG either by sonication or extrusion, were used to entrap water soluble and water insoluble molecules to investigate the efficacy of encapsulation by different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62430890" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Unilamellar liposomes, prepared from synthetic lipid mixture of DMPC and DMPG either by sonication or extrusion, were used to entrap water soluble and water insoluble molecules to investigate the efficacy of encapsulation by different liposome preparation methods. In the case of entrapment of hydrophilic protein cytochrome-C, the solutions were subjected to a series of ultrafiltration steps to eliminate any free protein outside the vesicles. It was observed that the protein could be encapsulated by the vesicles only if cholesterol was present in the bilayer. The release of cytochrome-C was observed spectrophotometrically upon vesicle-breakdown. The amount of protein encapsulated depended on the method of preparation and was found to be 10 times greater in extruded liposomes compared to those produced by sonication. Hydrophobic Vitamin E, on the other hand, could be encapsulated in the liposome bilayer, independently of the presence of cholesterol and the method of preparation. These fundamental results can be used to develop more efficient drug encapsulations and to have better understanding about their release.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62430890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="363ccb11f2bf8414304ce7404aa376a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75198591,"asset_id":62430890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75198591/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="86873500" href="https://yeditepe.academia.edu/MelisCagdas">Melis Cagdas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="86873500" type="text/json">{"id":86873500,"first_name":"Melis","last_name":"Cagdas","domain_name":"yeditepe","page_name":"MelisCagdas","display_name":"Melis Cagdas","profile_url":"https://yeditepe.academia.edu/MelisCagdas?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62430890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62430890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62430890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62430890", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62430890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62430890").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62430890").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62430890"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrafiltration">Ultrafiltration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37447" type="text/json">{"id":37447,"name":"Ultrafiltration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrafiltration?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="90514" type="text/json">{"id":90514,"name":"Cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholesterol?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical">Pharmaceutical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95655" type="text/json">{"id":95655,"name":"Pharmaceutical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62430890]'), work: {"id":62430890,"title":"Effect of preparation method and cholesterol on drug encapsulation studies by phospholipid liposomes","created_at":"2021-11-26T00:22:39.751-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62430890/Effect_of_preparation_method_and_cholesterol_on_drug_encapsulation_studies_by_phospholipid_liposomes?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_62430890","summary":"Unilamellar liposomes, prepared from synthetic lipid mixture of DMPC and DMPG either by sonication or extrusion, were used to entrap water soluble and water insoluble molecules to investigate the efficacy of encapsulation by different liposome preparation methods. In the case of entrapment of hydrophilic protein cytochrome-C, the solutions were subjected to a series of ultrafiltration steps to eliminate any free protein outside the vesicles. It was observed that the protein could be encapsulated by the vesicles only if cholesterol was present in the bilayer. The release of cytochrome-C was observed spectrophotometrically upon vesicle-breakdown. The amount of protein encapsulated depended on the method of preparation and was found to be 10 times greater in extruded liposomes compared to those produced by sonication. Hydrophobic Vitamin E, on the other hand, could be encapsulated in the liposome bilayer, independently of the presence of cholesterol and the method of preparation. These fundamental results can be used to develop more efficient drug encapsulations and to have better understanding about their release.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75198591,"asset_id":62430890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":86873500,"first_name":"Melis","last_name":"Cagdas","domain_name":"yeditepe","page_name":"MelisCagdas","display_name":"Melis Cagdas","profile_url":"https://yeditepe.academia.edu/MelisCagdas?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":37447,"name":"Ultrafiltration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrafiltration?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":90514,"name":"Cholesterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholesterol?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":95655,"name":"Pharmaceutical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":156734,"name":"Vitamin E","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamin_E?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":960199,"name":"Sonication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonication?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135812,"name":"Drug Compounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Compounding?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61909525" data-work_id="61909525" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61909525/The_preliminary_assessment_of_chlorhexidine_and_lidocaine_release_from_preparations_of_anionic_polymer_evaluated_by_the_conductivity_measurements">The preliminary assessment of chlorhexidine and lidocaine release from preparations of anionic polymer, evaluated by the conductivity measurements</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this work was the evaluation of conductivity assessments for the monitoring and controlling the release study process of chlorhexidine and lidocaine hydrochloride from the ionic polyacrylic gel, applying different temperatures.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61909525" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this work was the evaluation of conductivity assessments for the monitoring and controlling the release study process of chlorhexidine and lidocaine hydrochloride from the ionic polyacrylic gel, applying different temperatures. According to performed measurements of release, the chlorhexidine, characterized by very low water solubility, is observed in the acceptor compartment in the amount of 2.0-3.0% and its level depends of the temperature. The amount of well soluble lidocaine hydrochloride released in parallel conditions was between 60 and 70%. Beyond, the assessments confirm the presence of a specific bond between the chlorhexidine imine groups and polyacrylic acid carboxylic groups. Presented method may be applied in the prediction of release rates, before actual release analysis, and may assure better evaluation of the systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61909525" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d86ac39c894ff19215c9f0f167be4c8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74823065,"asset_id":61909525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74823065/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="70793105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VanjaKokol">Vanja Kokol</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="70793105" type="text/json">{"id":70793105,"first_name":"Vanja","last_name":"Kokol","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VanjaKokol","display_name":"Vanja Kokol","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VanjaKokol?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61909525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61909525"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61909525, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61909525", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61909525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61909525").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61909525").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61909525"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21466" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers">Polymers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21466" type="text/json">{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133177" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature">Temperature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133177" type="text/json">{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="205584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility">Solubility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="205584" type="text/json">{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61909525]'), work: {"id":61909525,"title":"The preliminary assessment of chlorhexidine and lidocaine release from preparations of anionic polymer, evaluated by the conductivity measurements","created_at":"2021-11-18T00:13:43.003-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61909525/The_preliminary_assessment_of_chlorhexidine_and_lidocaine_release_from_preparations_of_anionic_polymer_evaluated_by_the_conductivity_measurements?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_61909525","summary":"The aim of this work was the evaluation of conductivity assessments for the monitoring and controlling the release study process of chlorhexidine and lidocaine hydrochloride from the ionic polyacrylic gel, applying different temperatures. According to performed measurements of release, the chlorhexidine, characterized by very low water solubility, is observed in the acceptor compartment in the amount of 2.0-3.0% and its level depends of the temperature. The amount of well soluble lidocaine hydrochloride released in parallel conditions was between 60 and 70%. Beyond, the assessments confirm the presence of a specific bond between the chlorhexidine imine groups and polyacrylic acid carboxylic groups. Presented method may be applied in the prediction of release rates, before actual release analysis, and may assure better evaluation of the systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74823065,"asset_id":61909525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":70793105,"first_name":"Vanja","last_name":"Kokol","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VanjaKokol","display_name":"Vanja Kokol","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VanjaKokol?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":263252,"name":"Anions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anions?f_ri=23390"},{"id":284907,"name":"Gels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gels?f_ri=23390"},{"id":468993,"name":"Lidocaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lidocaine?f_ri=23390"},{"id":550227,"name":"Chlorhexidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorhexidine?f_ri=23390"},{"id":598869,"name":"Water soluble polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_soluble_polymers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":604754,"name":"Acrylic Resins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acrylic_Resins?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1031068,"name":"Drug Carriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Carriers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1372214,"name":"Performance Measure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Measure?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2654487,"name":"polimery w medycynie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polimery_w_medycynie?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41970646" data-work_id="41970646" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41970646/International_Journal_of_Pharmacological_Research_Evaluation_of_in_vitro_antioxidant_activity_of_marketed_Tobacco_products_QR_Code">International Journal of Pharmacological Research Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of marketed Tobacco products QR Code</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of marketed tobacco products were evaluated by different in vitro antioxidant methods. Materials and methods: The different marketed tobacco products were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41970646" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of marketed tobacco products were evaluated by different in vitro antioxidant methods. Materials and methods: The different marketed tobacco products were extracted with methanol by means of maceration process. These extracts were screened for antioxidant activity by different in vitro assay methods including Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay, Iron chelating assay and Nitric oxide scavenging activity. The screening was carried out at different concentration including 100, 200, and 300µg/ml in reducing power assay, phosphomolybdate assay and Nitric oxide scavenging activity while in chelating assay the extract was used in concentration of 50, 100, 150 and 200µg/ml. Results: All Tobacco products exhibit the antioxidant potential with increasing concentration. The anti-oxidant activity of the marketed tobacco product might be attributed to its polyphenolic content and other phytochemical constituents. Hence, further investigation need to be carried out to isolate and identify the anti-oxidant compounds present in the Tobacco extract. Conclusion: Our study concluded that, the Tobacco causes addiction and dependence but till it has many folklore traditional medicinal uses. If it is used in positive way then it has power to treat and protect but if misused then it have power to harm the body.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41970646" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="702f491591c85c1097acae3a4d04f8ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62094667,"asset_id":41970646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62094667/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="100558810" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PrachiBarsagade">Prachi Barsagade</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="100558810" type="text/json">{"id":100558810,"first_name":"Prachi","last_name":"Barsagade","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PrachiBarsagade","display_name":"Prachi Barsagade","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PrachiBarsagade?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/100558810/39909219/32868439/s65_prachi.barsagade.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41970646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41970646"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41970646, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41970646", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41970646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41970646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41970646"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41970646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41970646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41970646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41970646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41970646").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41970646").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41970646"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41970646]'), work: {"id":41970646,"title":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity of marketed Tobacco products QR Code","created_at":"2020-02-13T21:47:03.985-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41970646/International_Journal_of_Pharmacological_Research_Evaluation_of_in_vitro_antioxidant_activity_of_marketed_Tobacco_products_QR_Code?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_41970646","summary":"Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of marketed tobacco products were evaluated by different in vitro antioxidant methods. Materials and methods: The different marketed tobacco products were extracted with methanol by means of maceration process. These extracts were screened for antioxidant activity by different in vitro assay methods including Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay, Iron chelating assay and Nitric oxide scavenging activity. The screening was carried out at different concentration including 100, 200, and 300µg/ml in reducing power assay, phosphomolybdate assay and Nitric oxide scavenging activity while in chelating assay the extract was used in concentration of 50, 100, 150 and 200µg/ml. Results: All Tobacco products exhibit the antioxidant potential with increasing concentration. The anti-oxidant activity of the marketed tobacco product might be attributed to its polyphenolic content and other phytochemical constituents. Hence, further investigation need to be carried out to isolate and identify the anti-oxidant compounds present in the Tobacco extract. Conclusion: Our study concluded that, the Tobacco causes addiction and dependence but till it has many folklore traditional medicinal uses. If it is used in positive way then it has power to treat and protect but if misused then it have power to harm the body.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62094667,"asset_id":41970646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":100558810,"first_name":"Prachi","last_name":"Barsagade","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PrachiBarsagade","display_name":"Prachi Barsagade","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PrachiBarsagade?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/100558810/39909219/32868439/s65_prachi.barsagade.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38834574" data-work_id="38834574" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38834574/Animal_models_of_chronic_kidney_disease_Screening_tool_to_investigate_nephroprotective_effects_of_natural_products">Animal models of chronic kidney disease: Screening tool to investigate nephroprotective effects of natural products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Animals are used as experimental models to reproduce human diseases. To date, various animal models have been successfully developed by numerous methods to simulate human diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such models have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38834574" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Animals are used as experimental models to reproduce human diseases. To date, various animal models have been successfully<br />developed by numerous methods to simulate human diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such models have played a<br />central role in developing dialysis, transplantation experiments and more importantly in the discovery of new therapeutic agents<br />from natural product for the care of patients with kidney disease. This review focuses on key information on in vivo models of<br />CKD that have been developed through spontaneous, acquired and genetic approaches. Most of the experiments related to CKD<br />have been carried out on rodent models such as mice and rats. Spontaneous disease models of CKD are generated by various<br />metabolic and immunological methods. Nephrotoxic agents including adenine, adriamycin, cisplatin, folic acid, aristolochic acid<br />and oxalate are used to induce CKD in addition to nephrectomy and unilateral ureteral obstruction models. Further, animal models<br />developed through forward and reverse genetic approaches provide artificial models of CKD. Developing animal models to<br />approximate human CKD is a challenging task since it requires reflecting the effect of age, sex, and comorbidities in addition to<br />the disease condition. But, their usage to tease out the processes which can cause pathologic changes in a biological system is still<br />important for the health care improvements related to CKD. However, no animal model can exactly simulate response in human<br />CKD.<br />Keywords: Acquired methods, Animal models, Chronic kidney disease, Genetic approaches, Nephrotoxic agents, Spontaneous<br />models.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38834574" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d675707bb06c349c0c9468be33fdbde3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58928761,"asset_id":38834574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58928761/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27377481" href="https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP">IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27377481" type="text/json">{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38834574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38834574"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38834574, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38834574", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38834574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38834574; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38834574"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38834574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38834574"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38834574; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38834574]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38834574").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38834574").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38834574"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2134094" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Journal_of_Pharmaceutical_Chemistry_and_Analysis">International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2134094" type="text/json">{"id":2134094,"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Journal_of_Pharmaceutical_Chemistry_and_Analysis?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38834574]'), work: {"id":38834574,"title":"Animal models of chronic kidney disease: Screening tool to investigate nephroprotective effects of natural products","created_at":"2019-04-17T04:10:00.364-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38834574/Animal_models_of_chronic_kidney_disease_Screening_tool_to_investigate_nephroprotective_effects_of_natural_products?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_38834574","summary":"Animals are used as experimental models to reproduce human diseases. To date, various animal models have been successfully\ndeveloped by numerous methods to simulate human diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such models have played a\ncentral role in developing dialysis, transplantation experiments and more importantly in the discovery of new therapeutic agents\nfrom natural product for the care of patients with kidney disease. This review focuses on key information on in vivo models of\nCKD that have been developed through spontaneous, acquired and genetic approaches. Most of the experiments related to CKD\nhave been carried out on rodent models such as mice and rats. Spontaneous disease models of CKD are generated by various\nmetabolic and immunological methods. Nephrotoxic agents including adenine, adriamycin, cisplatin, folic acid, aristolochic acid\nand oxalate are used to induce CKD in addition to nephrectomy and unilateral ureteral obstruction models. Further, animal models\ndeveloped through forward and reverse genetic approaches provide artificial models of CKD. Developing animal models to\napproximate human CKD is a challenging task since it requires reflecting the effect of age, sex, and comorbidities in addition to\nthe disease condition. But, their usage to tease out the processes which can cause pathologic changes in a biological system is still\nimportant for the health care improvements related to CKD. However, no animal model can exactly simulate response in human\nCKD.\nKeywords: Acquired methods, Animal models, Chronic kidney disease, Genetic approaches, Nephrotoxic agents, Spontaneous\nmodels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58928761,"asset_id":38834574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":2134094,"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Journal_of_Pharmaceutical_Chemistry_and_Analysis?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33952023" data-work_id="33952023" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33952023/Poloxamer_407_microspheres_for_orotransmucosal_drug_delivery_Part_I_formulation_manufacturing_and_characterization">Poloxamer 407 microspheres for orotransmucosal drug delivery. Part I: formulation, manufacturing and characterization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The two-part article aimed to investigate poloxamer 407-based microspheres as a novel platform for enhancing and controlling the delivery of atenolol across the oromucosal tissue. In the Part I of the work, atenolol-loaded poloxamers 407... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33952023" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The two-part article aimed to investigate poloxamer 407-based microspheres as a novel platform for enhancing and controlling the delivery of atenolol across the oromucosal tissue. In the Part I of the work, atenolol-loaded poloxamers 407 microparticles were prepared by the solvent free spray congealing technology. This approach was feasible upon the high viscosity of the systems allowing for high loaded (20% w/w) non-aggregated microspheres. Several formulations were studied and the results demonstrated that the drug release patterns, solubility data, mucoadhesion to buccal tissue and gelling properties in saliva could be modified by adding different amount of an amphiphilic polymer-lipid excipient (Gelucire(®) 50/13) to poloxamer 407. Particularly, microspheres based only on poloxamer 407 exhibited very high solubility, mucoadhesive strength and gelling behaviour. To assess their potential as matrix for buccal application, the gelling property and the drug release from tablets obta...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33952023" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0388e3adec24ba3a4c983b7c49b866bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53912602,"asset_id":33952023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53912602/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63296659" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuisCarlosUdaetaRodriguez">Luis Carlos Udaeta Rodriguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63296659" type="text/json">{"id":63296659,"first_name":"Luis Carlos","last_name":"Udaeta Rodriguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuisCarlosUdaetaRodriguez","display_name":"Luis Carlos Udaeta Rodriguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuisCarlosUdaetaRodriguez?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33952023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33952023"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33952023, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33952023", }); 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Several formulations were studied and the results demonstrated that the drug release patterns, solubility data, mucoadhesion to buccal tissue and gelling properties in saliva could be modified by adding different amount of an amphiphilic polymer-lipid excipient (Gelucire(®) 50/13) to poloxamer 407. Particularly, microspheres based only on poloxamer 407 exhibited very high solubility, mucoadhesive strength and gelling behaviour. To assess their potential as matrix for buccal application, the gelling property and the drug release from tablets obta...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53912602,"asset_id":33952023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63296659,"first_name":"Luis Carlos","last_name":"Udaeta Rodriguez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuisCarlosUdaetaRodriguez","display_name":"Luis Carlos Udaeta Rodriguez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuisCarlosUdaetaRodriguez?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":11222,"name":"Powder Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Powder_Diffraction?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":11257,"name":"Drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_delivery?f_ri=23390"},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":57518,"name":"Conception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conception?f_ri=23390"},{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":83972,"name":"Permeability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permeability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":109384,"name":"Viscosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viscosity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":136801,"name":"Fabrication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fabrication?f_ri=23390"},{"id":176756,"name":"FORMULATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FORMULATION?f_ri=23390"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390"},{"id":298289,"name":"Microparticles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microparticles?f_ri=23390"},{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=23390"},{"id":385863,"name":"Mouth mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mouth_mucosa?f_ri=23390"},{"id":386527,"name":"X ray diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_diffraction?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":398650,"name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":440924,"name":"Surface Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Properties?f_ri=23390"},{"id":469575,"name":"Solid State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State?f_ri=23390"},{"id":476883,"name":"Tablets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tablets?f_ri=23390"},{"id":556132,"name":"Microsphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsphere?f_ri=23390"},{"id":794074,"name":"Microspheres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microspheres?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1031068,"name":"Drug Carriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Carriers?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135812,"name":"Drug Compounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Compounding?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2033993,"name":"Poloxamer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poloxamer?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6590830" data-work_id="6590830" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6590830/Gallic_acid_based_indanone_derivatives_as_anticancer_agents">Gallic acid-based indanone derivatives as anticancer agents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gallic acid-based indanone derivatives have been synthesised. Some of the indanones showed very good anticancer activity in MTT assay. Compounds 10, 11, 12 and 14 possessed potent anticancer activity against various human cancer cell... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6590830" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gallic acid-based indanone derivatives have been synthesised. Some of the indanones showed very good anticancer activity in MTT assay. Compounds 10, 11, 12 and 14 possessed potent anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. The most potent indanone (10, IC 50 = 2.2 lM), against MCF-7, that is, hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line, showed no toxicity to human erythrocytes even at higher concentrations (100 lg/ml, 258 lM). While, indanones 11, 12 and 14 showed toxicities to erythrocytes at higher concentrations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6590830" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="800a69e5b96964e3a21fb78f69026074" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48791700,"asset_id":6590830,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48791700/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10619401" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuchitaSrivastava1">Suchita Srivastava</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10619401" type="text/json">{"id":10619401,"first_name":"Suchita","last_name":"Srivastava","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuchitaSrivastava1","display_name":"Suchita Srivastava","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuchitaSrivastava1?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6590830 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6590830"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6590830, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6590830", }); 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Some of the indanones showed very good anticancer activity in MTT assay. Compounds 10, 11, 12 and 14 possessed potent anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. The most potent indanone (10, IC 50 = 2.2 lM), against MCF-7, that is, hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line, showed no toxicity to human erythrocytes even at higher concentrations (100 lg/ml, 258 lM). While, indanones 11, 12 and 14 showed toxicities to erythrocytes at higher concentrations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48791700,"asset_id":6590830,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10619401,"first_name":"Suchita","last_name":"Srivastava","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuchitaSrivastava1","display_name":"Suchita Srivastava","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuchitaSrivastava1?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":22050,"name":"Cytotoxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytotoxicity?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=23390"},{"id":59370,"name":"In Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro?f_ri=23390"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=23390"},{"id":242361,"name":"Gallic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallic_acid?f_ri=23390"},{"id":609176,"name":"Osmosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmosis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":728493,"name":"Bioorganic and medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioorganic_and_medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":806503,"name":"Thiazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiazoles?f_ri=23390"},{"id":832148,"name":"Polyphenol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyphenol?f_ri=23390"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1152821,"name":"Chemical Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Synthesis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1780240,"name":"Breast Cancer Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer_Cells?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1868097,"name":"Selectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selectivity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1900203,"name":"Hemolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemolysis?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2272583,"name":"MTT assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MTT_assay?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27536464" data-work_id="27536464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27536464/Pharmacokinetic_comparison_of_two_cyclosporine_A_formulations_SangCya_Sang_35_and_Neoral_in_stable_adult_liver_transplant_recipients">Pharmacokinetic comparison of two cyclosporine A formulations, SangCya (Sang-35) and Neoral, in stable adult liver transplant recipients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O RTHOTOPIC LIVER transplantation (OLTX) is a successful form of replacement therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease. This is related, in part, to the availability of new immunosuppressive agents for preventing and treating... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27536464" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O RTHOTOPIC LIVER transplantation (OLTX) is a successful form of replacement therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease. This is related, in part, to the availability of new immunosuppressive agents for preventing and treating acute liver allograft rejection. Cyclosporine A (CyA)-based immunosuppression has resulted in 1-year graft survival rates exceeding 70%. SangCya is a novel formulation of CyA that has similar absorption characteristics when compared with Neoral. Recent studies have shown that SangCya is bioequivalent to Neoral in healthy male volunteers under fasted and fed conditions; African Americans; and females. 1 These results are based on standardized methodological and statistical criteria for bioequivalence established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2 In addition to healthy volunteer studies, the comparisons between SangCya and Neoral have been extended to use for stable renal transplant recipients in whom bioequivalence was also shown. 3 Also, SangCya has been shown to result in greater bioavailability compared with Sandimmune. 3 This article presents preliminary results comparing the pharmacokinetic behavior of SangCya and Neoral in stable liver transplant recipients and assesses bioequivalence using FDA criteria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27536464" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d86800f1fc2b5d90eaabe99df8b7d2d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47790624,"asset_id":27536464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47790624/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51699252" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielCanafax">Daniel Canafax</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51699252" type="text/json">{"id":51699252,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Canafax","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielCanafax","display_name":"Daniel Canafax","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielCanafax?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27536464 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27536464"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27536464, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27536464", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27536464]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27536464").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27536464").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27536464"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155901" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Transplantation">Liver Transplantation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155901" type="text/json">{"id":155901,"name":"Liver Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Transplantation?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168352" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyclosporine">Cyclosporine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168352" type="text/json">{"id":168352,"name":"Cyclosporine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyclosporine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="276810" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shell_Half-Life">Shell Half-Life</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="276810" type="text/json">{"id":276810,"name":"Shell Half-Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shell_Half-Life?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27536464]'), work: {"id":27536464,"title":"Pharmacokinetic comparison of two cyclosporine A formulations, SangCya (Sang-35) and Neoral, in stable adult liver transplant recipients","created_at":"2016-08-04T09:08:25.781-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27536464/Pharmacokinetic_comparison_of_two_cyclosporine_A_formulations_SangCya_Sang_35_and_Neoral_in_stable_adult_liver_transplant_recipients?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_27536464","summary":"O RTHOTOPIC LIVER transplantation (OLTX) is a successful form of replacement therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease. This is related, in part, to the availability of new immunosuppressive agents for preventing and treating acute liver allograft rejection. Cyclosporine A (CyA)-based immunosuppression has resulted in 1-year graft survival rates exceeding 70%. SangCya is a novel formulation of CyA that has similar absorption characteristics when compared with Neoral. Recent studies have shown that SangCya is bioequivalent to Neoral in healthy male volunteers under fasted and fed conditions; African Americans; and females. 1 These results are based on standardized methodological and statistical criteria for bioequivalence established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2 In addition to healthy volunteer studies, the comparisons between SangCya and Neoral have been extended to use for stable renal transplant recipients in whom bioequivalence was also shown. 3 Also, SangCya has been shown to result in greater bioavailability compared with Sandimmune. 3 This article presents preliminary results comparing the pharmacokinetic behavior of SangCya and Neoral in stable liver transplant recipients and assesses bioequivalence using FDA criteria.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47790624,"asset_id":27536464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51699252,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Canafax","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielCanafax","display_name":"Daniel Canafax","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielCanafax?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":155901,"name":"Liver Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Transplantation?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":168352,"name":"Cyclosporine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyclosporine?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":276810,"name":"Shell Half-Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shell_Half-Life?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":1146830,"name":"Cross-Over Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Over_Studies?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26773395" data-work_id="26773395" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26773395/Solid_state_characterization_of_progesterone_in_a_freeze_dried_1_2_progesterone_HPBCD_mixture">Solid state characterization of progesterone in a freeze dried 1:2 progesterone/HPBCD mixture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Progesterone rapidly dissolves in an aqueous solution containing hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) at 1:2 molar ratio, forming a soluble inclusion complex. After filtration and freeze-drying of the final solution, the final powder was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26773395" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Progesterone rapidly dissolves in an aqueous solution containing hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) at 1:2 molar ratio, forming a soluble inclusion complex. After filtration and freeze-drying of the final solution, the final powder was examined by SEM, DSC, TGA, XRD, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results confirm that an inclusion complex exists in the solid state and possible structure of the complex is briefly discussed. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26773395" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7bdca2c047af4a09ee44eb22d55a7af4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47051252,"asset_id":26773395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47051252/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50739686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fospitali">francesca ospitali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50739686" type="text/json">{"id":50739686,"first_name":"francesca","last_name":"ospitali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fospitali","display_name":"francesca ospitali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/fospitali?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26773395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26773395"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26773395, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26773395", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26773395]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26773395").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26773395").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26773395"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography">Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33441" type="text/json">{"id":33441,"name":"Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26773395]'), work: {"id":26773395,"title":"Solid state characterization of progesterone in a freeze dried 1:2 progesterone/HPBCD mixture","created_at":"2016-07-06T04:51:34.444-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26773395/Solid_state_characterization_of_progesterone_in_a_freeze_dried_1_2_progesterone_HPBCD_mixture?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_26773395","summary":"Progesterone rapidly dissolves in an aqueous solution containing hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) at 1:2 molar ratio, forming a soluble inclusion complex. After filtration and freeze-drying of the final solution, the final powder was examined by SEM, DSC, TGA, XRD, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results confirm that an inclusion complex exists in the solid state and possible structure of the complex is briefly discussed. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47051252,"asset_id":26773395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50739686,"first_name":"francesca","last_name":"ospitali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fospitali","display_name":"francesca ospitali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/fospitali?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":33441,"name":"Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":37447,"name":"Ultrafiltration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrafiltration?f_ri=23390"},{"id":53201,"name":"SEM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEM?f_ri=23390"},{"id":64559,"name":"Progesterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progesterone?f_ri=23390"},{"id":78753,"name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_scanning_calorimetry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":186080,"name":"XRD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/XRD?f_ri=23390"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390"},{"id":246949,"name":"Thermogravimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermogravimetry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":398650,"name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":443341,"name":"Freeze Drying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freeze_Drying?f_ri=23390"},{"id":469575,"name":"Solid State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State?f_ri=23390"},{"id":776363,"name":"Powders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Powders?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1014403,"name":"Mixture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixture?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135766,"name":"Excipients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excipients?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1273987,"name":"Progestins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progestins?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22832357" data-work_id="22832357" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22832357/Fast_and_easy_GC_MS_identification_of_myrrh_resins">Fast and easy GC/MS identification of myrrh resins</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Extracts prepared from Commiphora molmol resins were analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-two terpenoid compounds were identified in the hexane extract of the resin. Among them, 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (9.80%), furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (8.97%),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22832357" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Extracts prepared from Commiphora molmol resins were analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-two terpenoid compounds were identified in the hexane extract of the resin. Among them, 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (9.80%), furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (8.97%), isofuranogermacrene (6.71%), epicurzerenone (3.64%), 2-methoxyfuranodiene (2.97%), and lindestrene (2.74%) were the main compounds from the first myrrh resin (Tamar Ltd.), and furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (20.59%), isofuranogermacrene (17.94%), 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (8.80%), 2-methoxyfuranodiene (7.33%), and lindestrene (6.24%) from the second myrrh resin (Pamir Ltd.).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22832357" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a0c23cc687b7717102e164d80ac9d89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43377881,"asset_id":22832357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43377881/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44362950" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HanusLumir">Lumir Hanus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44362950" type="text/json">{"id":44362950,"first_name":"Lumir","last_name":"Hanus","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanusLumir","display_name":"Lumir Hanus","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanusLumir?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22832357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22832357"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22832357, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22832357", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22832357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22832357").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22832357").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22832357"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22832357]'), work: {"id":22832357,"title":"Fast and easy GC/MS identification of myrrh resins","created_at":"2016-03-04T22:07:47.047-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22832357/Fast_and_easy_GC_MS_identification_of_myrrh_resins?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_22832357","summary":"Extracts prepared from Commiphora molmol resins were analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-two terpenoid compounds were identified in the hexane extract of the resin. Among them, 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (9.80%), furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (8.97%), isofuranogermacrene (6.71%), epicurzerenone (3.64%), 2-methoxyfuranodiene (2.97%), and lindestrene (2.74%) were the main compounds from the first myrrh resin (Tamar Ltd.), and furanoeudesma-1,3-diene (20.59%), isofuranogermacrene (17.94%), 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (8.80%), 2-methoxyfuranodiene (7.33%), and lindestrene (6.24%) from the second myrrh resin (Pamir Ltd.).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43377881,"asset_id":22832357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44362950,"first_name":"Lumir","last_name":"Hanus","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanusLumir","display_name":"Lumir Hanus","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanusLumir?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38461504" data-work_id="38461504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38461504/Development_and_Validation_of_a_RP_HPLC_Method_for_the_Quantitation_and_Dissolution_Studies_of_Valdecoxib">Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitation and Dissolution Studies of Valdecoxib</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was developed for the dissolution rate studies and quantitative determination of valdecoxib in solid dosage forms and in active pharmaceutical ingredient. HPLC... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38461504" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was developed for the dissolution rate studies and quantitative determination of valdecoxib in solid dosage forms and in active pharmaceutical ingredient. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Syn-ergi ® fusion C 18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; 4 µm particle size), held at 30 ºC. The mobile phase con-sisted of water, pH 7.0/acetonitrile (52:48, v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 210 nm. Method validation investigated parameters such as the linearity (r 2 =0.9999), range, precision, ac-curacy, robustness and specificity. The method yielded good results with a quantitation limit of 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 10 ng/mL. The dissolution test conditions and the dissolution medium was chosen as 0.5% of sodium lauryl sulfate in water at a stirring rate of 75 rpm. The described method can be successful-ly applied for the analysis of tablets, active pharm...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38461504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71a5b23dd9bb9778f96f682919e6c78c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58526675,"asset_id":38461504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58526675/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32945865" href="https://uvv.academia.edu/MarcioFronza">Marcio Fronza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32945865" type="text/json">{"id":32945865,"first_name":"Marcio","last_name":"Fronza","domain_name":"uvv","page_name":"MarcioFronza","display_name":"Marcio Fronza","profile_url":"https://uvv.academia.edu/MarcioFronza?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38461504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38461504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38461504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38461504", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38461504]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38461504").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38461504").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38461504"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="656" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="656" type="text/json">{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9186" type="text/json">{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38461504]'), work: {"id":38461504,"title":"Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitation and Dissolution Studies of Valdecoxib","created_at":"2019-03-01T02:32:43.988-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38461504/Development_and_Validation_of_a_RP_HPLC_Method_for_the_Quantitation_and_Dissolution_Studies_of_Valdecoxib?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_38461504","summary":". An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was developed for the dissolution rate studies and quantitative determination of valdecoxib in solid dosage forms and in active pharmaceutical ingredient. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Syn-ergi ® fusion C 18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; 4 µm particle size), held at 30 ºC. The mobile phase con-sisted of water, pH 7.0/acetonitrile (52:48, v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 210 nm. Method validation investigated parameters such as the linearity (r 2 =0.9999), range, precision, ac-curacy, robustness and specificity. The method yielded good results with a quantitation limit of 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 10 ng/mL. The dissolution test conditions and the dissolution medium was chosen as 0.5% of sodium lauryl sulfate in water at a stirring rate of 75 rpm. The described method can be successful-ly applied for the analysis of tablets, active pharm...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58526675,"asset_id":38461504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32945865,"first_name":"Marcio","last_name":"Fronza","domain_name":"uvv","page_name":"MarcioFronza","display_name":"Marcio Fronza","profile_url":"https://uvv.academia.edu/MarcioFronza?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":61232,"name":"Adenosine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenosine?f_ri=23390"},{"id":67215,"name":"Separation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_Science?f_ri=23390"},{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=23390"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=23390"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=23390"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=23390"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":724446,"name":"Gingival Crevicular Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gingival_Crevicular_Fluid?f_ri=23390"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=23390"},{"id":981291,"name":"Brain Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":2545839,"name":"Betamethasone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Betamethasone?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55523837" data-work_id="55523837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55523837/Plasma_pharmacokinetics_of_alfaxalone_in_dogs_after_an_intravenous_bolus_of_Alfaxan_CD_RTU">Plasma pharmacokinetics of alfaxalone in dogs after an intravenous bolus of Alfaxan-CD RTU</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of alfaxalone in dogs after the intravenous (IV) administration of clinical and supra-clinical doses of a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) alfaxalone formulation (Alfaxan-CD... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55523837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of alfaxalone in dogs after the intravenous (IV) administration of clinical and supra-clinical doses of a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) alfaxalone formulation (Alfaxan-CD RTU). Experimental design Prospective two-period crossover design. Animals Eight (four male and four female) young adult healthy Beagle dogs. Methods The steroid anaesthetic alfaxalone was administered IV at two doses in a crossover design (2 and 10 mg kg)1) with a washout period of 21 days. Blood samples were collected before and up to 8 hours after dosing. Plasma concentrations of alfaxalone were assayed using a liquid chromatograph/mass selective detector technique and analyzed to estimate the main pharmacokinetic parameters by noncompartmental analysis. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results The mean duration of anaesthesia from endotracheal intubation to extubation was 6.4 ± 2.9 and 26.2 ± 7.5 minutes, for the 2 and 10 mg kg)1 doses, respectively. The plasma clearance of alfaxalone for the 2 and 10 mg kg)1 doses differed statistically at 59.4 ± 12.9 and 52.9 ± 12.8 mL kg)1 minute)1 , respectively (p ¼ 0.008) but this difference was deemed clinically unimportant; the harmonic mean plasma terminal half-lives (t 1/2) were 24.0 ± 1.9 and 37.4 ± 1.6 minutes respectively. The volume of distribution was between 2 and 3 L kg)1 and did not differ between the two doses. No sex effect was observed. Conclusions and clinical relevance Alfaxalone, as an HPCD formulation (Alfaxan-CD RTU) administered in the dog provides rapid and smooth induction of anaesthesia, satisfactory conditions for endotracheal intubation and a short duration of anaesthesia. There was no clinically significant modification of the pharmacokinetic parameters between sexes and between the clinical (2 mg kg)1) and supra-clinical (10 mg kg)1) doses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55523837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b63c99ee09adeba2ce3a4dce672d424a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71355247,"asset_id":55523837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71355247/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35448689" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TedWhittem">Ted Whittem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35448689" type="text/json">{"id":35448689,"first_name":"Ted","last_name":"Whittem","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TedWhittem","display_name":"Ted Whittem","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TedWhittem?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55523837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55523837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55523837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55523837", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55523837]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55523837").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55523837").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55523837"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52438" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs">Dogs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52438" type="text/json">{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254060" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Anesthesia">General Anesthesia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="254060" type="text/json">{"id":254060,"name":"General Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Anesthesia?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55523837]'), work: {"id":55523837,"title":"Plasma pharmacokinetics of alfaxalone in dogs after an intravenous bolus of Alfaxan-CD RTU","created_at":"2021-10-04T21:12:24.829-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55523837/Plasma_pharmacokinetics_of_alfaxalone_in_dogs_after_an_intravenous_bolus_of_Alfaxan_CD_RTU?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_55523837","summary":"Objective To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of alfaxalone in dogs after the intravenous (IV) administration of clinical and supra-clinical doses of a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) alfaxalone formulation (Alfaxan-CD RTU). Experimental design Prospective two-period crossover design. Animals Eight (four male and four female) young adult healthy Beagle dogs. Methods The steroid anaesthetic alfaxalone was administered IV at two doses in a crossover design (2 and 10 mg kg)1) with a washout period of 21 days. Blood samples were collected before and up to 8 hours after dosing. Plasma concentrations of alfaxalone were assayed using a liquid chromatograph/mass selective detector technique and analyzed to estimate the main pharmacokinetic parameters by noncompartmental analysis. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results The mean duration of anaesthesia from endotracheal intubation to extubation was 6.4 ± 2.9 and 26.2 ± 7.5 minutes, for the 2 and 10 mg kg)1 doses, respectively. The plasma clearance of alfaxalone for the 2 and 10 mg kg)1 doses differed statistically at 59.4 ± 12.9 and 52.9 ± 12.8 mL kg)1 minute)1 , respectively (p ¼ 0.008) but this difference was deemed clinically unimportant; the harmonic mean plasma terminal half-lives (t 1/2) were 24.0 ± 1.9 and 37.4 ± 1.6 minutes respectively. The volume of distribution was between 2 and 3 L kg)1 and did not differ between the two doses. No sex effect was observed. Conclusions and clinical relevance Alfaxalone, as an HPCD formulation (Alfaxan-CD RTU) administered in the dog provides rapid and smooth induction of anaesthesia, satisfactory conditions for endotracheal intubation and a short duration of anaesthesia. There was no clinically significant modification of the pharmacokinetic parameters between sexes and between the clinical (2 mg kg)1) and supra-clinical (10 mg kg)1) doses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71355247,"asset_id":55523837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35448689,"first_name":"Ted","last_name":"Whittem","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TedWhittem","display_name":"Ted Whittem","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TedWhittem?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":254060,"name":"General Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Anesthesia?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":328098,"name":"Anesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthetics?f_ri=23390"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1146830,"name":"Cross-Over Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Over_Studies?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1309706,"name":"Area Under Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Under_Curve?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54364018" data-work_id="54364018" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54364018/Production_and_Evaluation_of_an_Antimicrobial_Peptide_Containing_Wafer_Formulation_for_Topical_Application">Production and Evaluation of an Antimicrobial Peptide-Containing Wafer Formulation for Topical Application</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. 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The second osmotic virial coefficients, B i , account for the interactions between identical solute molecules. For multisolute solutions,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48202510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The osmotic virial equation was used to predict osmolalities of solutions of interest in biology. The second osmotic virial coefficients, B i , account for the interactions between identical solute molecules. For multisolute solutions, the second osmotic virial cross coefficient, B ij , describes the interaction between two different solutes. We propose to use as a mixing rule for the cross coefficient the arithmetic average of the second osmotic virial coefficients of the pure species, so that only binary solution measurements are required for multisolute solution predictions. Single-solute data were fit to obtain the osmotic virial coefficients of the pure species. Using those coefficients with the proposed mixing rule, predictions were made of ternary solution osmolality, without any fitting parameters. This method is shown to make reasonably accurate predictions for three very different ternary aqueous solutions: (i) glycerol + dimethyl sulfoxide + water, (ii) hemoglobin + an ideal, dilute solute + water, and (iii) bovine serum albumin + ovalbumin + water.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48202510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73b33813b4485ff282e56ef44eea597b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952177,"asset_id":48202510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952177/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36544842" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HElmoazzen">H. Elmoazzen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36544842" type="text/json">{"id":36544842,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Elmoazzen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HElmoazzen","display_name":"H. 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The second osmotic virial coefficients, B i , account for the interactions between identical solute molecules. For multisolute solutions, the second osmotic virial cross coefficient, B ij , describes the interaction between two different solutes. We propose to use as a mixing rule for the cross coefficient the arithmetic average of the second osmotic virial coefficients of the pure species, so that only binary solution measurements are required for multisolute solution predictions. Single-solute data were fit to obtain the osmotic virial coefficients of the pure species. Using those coefficients with the proposed mixing rule, predictions were made of ternary solution osmolality, without any fitting parameters. This method is shown to make reasonably accurate predictions for three very different ternary aqueous solutions: (i) glycerol + dimethyl sulfoxide + water, (ii) hemoglobin + an ideal, dilute solute + water, and (iii) bovine serum albumin + ovalbumin + water.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66952177,"asset_id":48202510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36544842,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Elmoazzen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HElmoazzen","display_name":"H. Elmoazzen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HElmoazzen?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=23390"},{"id":133362,"name":"Osmotic pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmotic_pressure?f_ri=23390"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=23390"},{"id":283379,"name":"Glycerol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycerol?f_ri=23390"},{"id":414692,"name":"Solutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solutions?f_ri=23390"},{"id":881608,"name":"Bovine Serum Albumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bovine_Serum_Albumin?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1311261,"name":"Hemoglobins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemoglobins?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3508723,"name":"Ovalbumin ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovalbumin?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45527992" data-work_id="45527992" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45527992/Wet_granulation_as_innovative_and_fast_method_to_prepare_controlled_release_granules_based_on_an_ion_exchange_resin">Wet granulation as innovative and fast method to prepare controlled release granules based on an ion-exchange resin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The goal of this work was to evaluate the suitability of wet granulation as an innovative and fast method for the preparation of granules containing a drug-resin complex (resinate), having cholestyramine as resin and potassium diclofenac... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45527992" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The goal of this work was to evaluate the suitability of wet granulation as an innovative and fast method for the preparation of granules containing a drug-resin complex (resinate), having cholestyramine as resin and potassium diclofenac (KD) as drug. Resinate and granules were prepared directly by steam granulation in high shear mixer (method A), using two different amount of resin (granules 1 and 2). For comparison granules 1 were also prepared by conventional batch method followed by steam granulation (method B). All granules showed quite irregular shape, main size fractions between 75 and 500 mm, good flowability and uniform KD distribution. Granules 1A exhibited controlled release profiles at pH 7.4, while granules 2A showed a burst effect due to KD free crystals. FT-IR studies confirmed the complete complexation between resin and KD during the granulation process with method A for granules 1. Finally, the dissolution test of granules 1A in different media revealed a controlled drug release in 12 h, providing the utility of this system for enteric drug delivery. Granules 1B evidenced similar characteristics to those of granules 1A; the drawback of the multistep procedure was related to the long processing time. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45527992" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd998bf434b34e8fa47ed4fed1cc2271" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66012683,"asset_id":45527992,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66012683/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35356289" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaCavallari">Cristina Cavallari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35356289" type="text/json">{"id":35356289,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Cavallari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaCavallari","display_name":"Cristina Cavallari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaCavallari?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45527992 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45527992"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45527992, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45527992", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45527992]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45527992").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45527992").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45527992"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_release">Controlled release</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64660" type="text/json">{"id":64660,"name":"Controlled release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_release?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89956" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences">Pharmaceutical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="89956" type="text/json">{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45527992]'), work: {"id":45527992,"title":"Wet granulation as innovative and fast method to prepare controlled release granules based on an ion-exchange resin","created_at":"2021-03-14T23:04:07.659-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45527992/Wet_granulation_as_innovative_and_fast_method_to_prepare_controlled_release_granules_based_on_an_ion_exchange_resin?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_45527992","summary":"The goal of this work was to evaluate the suitability of wet granulation as an innovative and fast method for the preparation of granules containing a drug-resin complex (resinate), having cholestyramine as resin and potassium diclofenac (KD) as drug. Resinate and granules were prepared directly by steam granulation in high shear mixer (method A), using two different amount of resin (granules 1 and 2). For comparison granules 1 were also prepared by conventional batch method followed by steam granulation (method B). All granules showed quite irregular shape, main size fractions between 75 and 500 mm, good flowability and uniform KD distribution. Granules 1A exhibited controlled release profiles at pH 7.4, while granules 2A showed a burst effect due to KD free crystals. FT-IR studies confirmed the complete complexation between resin and KD during the granulation process with method A for granules 1. Finally, the dissolution test of granules 1A in different media revealed a controlled drug release in 12 h, providing the utility of this system for enteric drug delivery. Granules 1B evidenced similar characteristics to those of granules 1A; the drawback of the multistep procedure was related to the long processing time. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66012683,"asset_id":45527992,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35356289,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Cavallari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaCavallari","display_name":"Cristina Cavallari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaCavallari?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":64660,"name":"Controlled release","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_release?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":89956,"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Sciences?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=23390"},{"id":398650,"name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1216548,"name":"Ion Exchange Resin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ion_Exchange_Resin?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44874944" data-work_id="44874944" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44874944/Preservative_Free_Triamcinolone_Acetonide_Suspension_Developed_for_Intravitreal_Injection">Preservative-Free Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension Developed for Intravitreal Injection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: All commercially available triamcinolone acetonide (TACA) suspensions, used for intravitreal treatment, contain retinal toxic vehicles (e.g., benzyl alcohol, solubilizer). Our aim was to find a convenient and reproducible... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44874944" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: All commercially available triamcinolone acetonide (TACA) suspensions, used for intravitreal treatment, contain retinal toxic vehicles (e.g., benzyl alcohol, solubilizer). Our aim was to find a convenient and reproducible method to compound a completely preservative-free TACA suspension, adapted to the intraocular physiology, with consistent quality (i.e., proven sterility and stability, constant content and dose uniformity, defined particle size, and 1 year shelf life).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44874944" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f114393075cadfbf18bf1ed32d7ad30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65388082,"asset_id":44874944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65388082/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37446149" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/ChristianSurber">Christian Surber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37446149" type="text/json">{"id":37446149,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Surber","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"ChristianSurber","display_name":"Christian Surber","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/ChristianSurber?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44874944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44874944"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44874944, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44874944", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44874944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44874944; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44874944"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44874944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44874944"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44874944; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44874944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44874944").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44874944").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44874944"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="627" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="627" type="text/json">{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12124" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filtration">Filtration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12124" type="text/json">{"id":12124,"name":"Filtration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filtration?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry">Pharmaceutical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23390" type="text/json">{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="177876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization">Sterilization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="177876" type="text/json">{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44874944]'), work: {"id":44874944,"title":"Preservative-Free Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension Developed for Intravitreal Injection","created_at":"2021-01-10T07:46:28.533-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44874944/Preservative_Free_Triamcinolone_Acetonide_Suspension_Developed_for_Intravitreal_Injection?f_ri=23390","dom_id":"work_44874944","summary":"Objectives: All commercially available triamcinolone acetonide (TACA) suspensions, used for intravitreal treatment, contain retinal toxic vehicles (e.g., benzyl alcohol, solubilizer). Our aim was to find a convenient and reproducible method to compound a completely preservative-free TACA suspension, adapted to the intraocular physiology, with consistent quality (i.e., proven sterility and stability, constant content and dose uniformity, defined particle size, and 1 year shelf life).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65388082,"asset_id":44874944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37446149,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Surber","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"ChristianSurber","display_name":"Christian Surber","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/ChristianSurber?f_ri=23390","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":12124,"name":"Filtration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filtration?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=23390","nofollow":true},{"id":207059,"name":"Suspensions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspensions?f_ri=23390"},{"id":299815,"name":"Suspension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspension?f_ri=23390"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=23390"},{"id":371480,"name":"Triamcinolone Acetonide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triamcinolone_Acetonide?f_ri=23390"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=23390"},{"id":414331,"name":"Centrifugation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centrifugation?f_ri=23390"},{"id":469023,"name":"Ocular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocular?f_ri=23390"},{"id":537440,"name":"Preservative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preservative?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135812,"name":"Drug Compounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Compounding?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23390"},{"id":1757315,"name":"Injections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Injections?f_ri=23390"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=23390"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42140776" data-work_id="42140776" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42140776/A_Conceptual_Review_on_Micro_Bubbles">A Conceptual Review on Micro Bubbles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Microbubbles system is a newly invented non-invasive technique in which, in the presence of ultrasound waves or harmonic sounds micropores shrinks and agitated to produce micro bubbles within the applied area. These bubbles have the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42140776" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Microbubbles system is a newly invented non-invasive technique in which, in the presence of ultrasound waves or harmonic sounds<br />micropores shrinks and agitated to produce micro bubbles within the applied area. These bubbles have the capability to target any perfused<br />tissues within our body. Recently it was postulated that due to its narrow size range (1 to 10μm vesicular diameter) it can get easily engulf<br />by phagocytic blood cells which can be very effective on lymphocytic cancer. Micro bubbles are prepared by using mechanical agitation,<br />ultrasonication, pressurized gas-liquid mixing system etc. Micro bubbles are made up of a monolayer of protein shells, lipid shells, surfactant<br />shells, polymer shells, Polyelectrolyte multilayer shells. Initially, microbubbles are used as diagnostic tools but due to its versatility of uses and properties of surface conjugation of proteins, genes, micro molecular nutrients, drugs slowly it’s becoming a therapeutic delivery tool. ALBUNEX® (GE Healthcare) was the first albumin conjugated micro bubble which was been approved by US-FDA. Recently importance is been given for brain targeting using Micro bubble carrier system. It was observed that using passive and active transport micro streamed bubbles can able to transport through Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). It is very important to give more importance to its stability and canonization of globules for more industrial acceptability.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42140776" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32625da3360fe0ea00efbf76a83cd3d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62278273,"asset_id":42140776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62278273/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTIxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="139425631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BJSTRAngelaRoy">BJSTR Angela Roy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="139425631" type="text/json">{"id":139425631,"first_name":"BJSTR","last_name":"Angela Roy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BJSTRAngelaRoy","display_name":"BJSTR Angela Roy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BJSTRAngelaRoy?f_ri=23390","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139425631/37450907/31685463/s65_bjstr.angela_roy.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42140776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42140776"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42140776, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42140776", }); 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These bubbles have the capability to target any perfused\ntissues within our body. Recently it was postulated that due to its narrow size range (1 to 10μm vesicular diameter) it can get easily engulf\nby phagocytic blood cells which can be very effective on lymphocytic cancer. Micro bubbles are prepared by using mechanical agitation,\nultrasonication, pressurized gas-liquid mixing system etc. Micro bubbles are made up of a monolayer of protein shells, lipid shells, surfactant\nshells, polymer shells, Polyelectrolyte multilayer shells. Initially, microbubbles are used as diagnostic tools but due to its versatility of uses and properties of surface conjugation of proteins, genes, micro molecular nutrients, drugs slowly it’s becoming a therapeutic delivery tool. ALBUNEX® (GE Healthcare) was the first albumin conjugated micro bubble which was been approved by US-FDA. Recently importance is been given for brain targeting using Micro bubble carrier system. 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