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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British lobbyist and human rights activist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">David Gerald Littman</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1933-07-04</span>)</span>4 July 1933<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 May 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-05-20)</span> (aged 78)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)">MA</a> degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canford_School" title="Canford School">Canford School</a>, Dorset, England; <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mural" title="Operation Mural">Operation Mural</a>; Representation at the UN; historian<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bat_Ye%27or" title="Bat Ye'or">Bat Ye'or</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">"President's private Commemoration" for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mural" title="Operation Mural">Operation Mural</a> in Casablanca 1961 by Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Hero of Silence" Order from Israel Intelligence Heritage & Commemoration Center <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> 2009<sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Gerald Littman</b> (4 July 1933 – 20 May 2012) was a British Jewish activist<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> best known for organising the departure of Jewish children from Morocco when he was 28. He then worked as a <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a> at the United Nations in Geneva and was also an historian.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was married to <a href="/wiki/Bat_Ye%27or" title="Bat Ye'or">Bat Ye'or</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David Littman was born on 4 July 1933, in London, England.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Canford_School" title="Canford School">Canford School</a>, Dorset, England (1951), and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College, Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a>, where he earned his BA with honours and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)">MA</a> degrees in Modern History and Political Science, followed by post-graduate studies at the <a href="/wiki/UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology" title="UCL Institute of Archaeology">Institute of Archaeology</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>. He married his wife Gisèle (née Orebi; originally from Egypt and later known by her <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> <a href="/wiki/Bat_Ye%27or" title="Bat Ye'or">Bat Ye'or</a>), in September 1959. They moved to <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Switzerland, the following year. </p><p>The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization was founded by his brother, Louis Littman.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Mural">Operation Mural</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation Mural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1961, Littman volunteered for a clandestine humanitarian mission to evacuate Jewish children from <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> to Israel, via Switzerland. Moroccan Jews had been forbidden from leaving the country since 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Littman thought he was working for the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Agency">Jewish Agency</a> – years later it was revealed it was arranged with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From March–July 1961, posing with his wife and baby daughter as Christians, Littman ran the <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a> office of the Geneva-based international NGO for children <i>Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants de l'Afrique du Nord</i> (OSSEAN).<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">code name</a> was "Mural",<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the code name for the mission was "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Mural" title="Operation Mural">Operation Mural</a>". After months of negotiation by Littman, the children left Morocco in five convoys under the guise of a supposed holiday in Switzerland (with Littman accompanying the last convoy), and from Switzerland went to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, he assisted in evacuating 530 Jewish children to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children's families joined them several years later.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An article about Operation Mural by Shmuel Segev was published in the magazine <i>Maariv</i> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Littman's work was then recognized by President <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Chaim Herzog</a> and later President <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, who presented him with the Mimouna award in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A documentary film on the operation, filmed by Yehuda Kaveh, screened in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 June 2008, at a special private commemorative event at the presidential Jerusalem residence – with Littman, his wife, two children, three grandchildren and former key agents from the Mossad, who had worked with Littman – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the State of Israel">Israeli President</a> <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, said:<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"Well, it is a belated ceremony, but it doesn't lose its value, because what you did stands on its own legs and is not affected by time. I think that the saving of 530 children is, I imagine, the most moving experience a man can have. You say in Hebrew: 'The one who saves one life, is like the one that saved the life of the whole world.' But when you save 530 children, it’s really unforgettable. I want to express, on behalf of our people, our nation, our recognition of your courage, your wisdom, of your determination under extremely difficult conditions".<sup id="cite_ref-ner_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A year later Littman was honoured by the Israel Intelligence Heritage and Commemoration Center in a unique ceremony on 1 July 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 200 persons, when the "Hero of Silence" Order was conferred on him, he being the 9th person to receive it since 1985. ("An order of highest esteem and appreciation, awarded to David Gerald Littman: A clandestine warrior, who risked his life and who served a sacred cause of the People and of the State of Israel"). A few months earlier a Casablanca French newspaper, Le Soir Echos, interviewed him through a Swiss colleague, with their own questions; and published the Operation Mural story integrally in four successive issues (23–26 March) with their own positive titles and sub-titles throughout, and no editing.<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time that Moroccans learned about the affair.<sup id="cite_ref-conn_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism">Activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1970, the Littmans helped to found the <i>Centre d'Information et de Documentation sur le Moyen Orient</i> (CID) in Geneva, which published studies on Middle East subjects until the mid-1980s. He supervised its publications until 1974, and then served as an advisor. </p><p>Since 1986, he has appeared several times before the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> (formerly the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a>) on behalf of various NGOs. From 1986 to 1991 he was main representative of the <a href="/wiki/World_Union_for_Progressive_Judaism" title="World Union for Progressive Judaism">World Union for Progressive Judaism</a> (WUPJ). In February 1992, he joined René Wadlow (main representative of the <a href="/wiki/International_Fellowship_of_Reconciliation" title="International Fellowship of Reconciliation">International Fellowship of Reconciliation</a>; (IFOR)), then with the <a href="/wiki/World_Federalist_Movement/Institute_for_Global_Policy" title="World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy">World Federalist Movement</a> (WFM). He has been an accredited representative for the Association of World Citizens (AWC) and for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iheu.org/">Association for World Education</a> (AWE) since 1997, and an accredited representative and main spokesman for the WUPJ again since 2001. He has made oral and written statements (some jointly) at the UN Commission on Human Rights for the WUPJ, IFOR, WFM, International Committee for European Security and Cooperation (ICESC), <a href="/wiki/Christian_Solidarity_International" title="Christian Solidarity International">Christian Solidarity International</a> (CSI), <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Humanist and Ethical Union">International Humanist and Ethical Union</a> (IHEU), AWC, AWC, and other NGOs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_of_Russian_Jews">Release of Russian Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Release of Russian Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1987, the Soviet delegation to the UN walked out when Littman arranged for <a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Natan Sharansky</a> to speak to the Commission about <a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">refuseniks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1987, he accused the Soviet delegate of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> when he appeared before the UN Commission on Human Rights.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988 he requested that several Jews in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> who were refused permission to emigrate should be allowed to do so. He repeated the request to <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1989, he appeared before the Commission representing WUPJ.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamas">Hamas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hamas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From January 1989 Littman sought to make public at the commission the fact that <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> in its ideology calls for the annihilation of Israel, and points to Islamic texts for support of its position.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_of_Syrian_Jewish_women">Release of Syrian Jewish women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Release of Syrian Jewish women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1990, as the WUPJ's representative to the commission, he petitioned for the release of single Jewish women from Syria; in March 1991 he requested that they appoint a special representative to investigate; and in August 1991, he urged it to work for their release.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanese_Jewish_hostages">Lebanese Jewish hostages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lebanese Jewish hostages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1991, he appeared before the commission on behalf of the WUPJ to urge the release of Lebanese Jews held as hostages in Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1991, he wrote a letter on behalf of the WUPJ appealing to UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Javier Pérez de Cuéllar">Javier Pérez de Cuéllar</a>, asking him to discover the fate of the 11 Lebanese Jews who had been kidnapped in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claim_of_UN_conference_being_hijacked">Claim of UN conference being hijacked</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Claim of UN conference being hijacked"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Israel withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Conference_Against_Racism" class="mw-redirect" title="World Conference Against Racism">World Conference Against Racism</a> in 2001, joining the US in protesting perceived anti-Israel and anti-Semitic remarks, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i> reported that Littman and WUPJ Rabbi Francois Garai filed a statement saying that the conference had been "hijacked by dictatorial regimes" interested in pursuing <i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a></i> against Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christoph_Blocher">Christoph Blocher</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christoph Blocher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2003, when <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Blocher" title="Christoph Blocher">Christoph Blocher</a>, who was known in the first instance for his inflammatory anti-immigrant rhetoric, won a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Council">Swiss Federal Council</a>, Littman defended him from charges of anti-Semitism, saying "I personally do not accept the accusation that he is anti-Semitic and await with interest the new policies he will propose for Switzerland."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shariah,_violence_against_women,_and_anti-semitism"><span id="Shariah.2C_violence_against_women.2C_and_anti-semitism"></span>Shariah, violence against women, and anti-semitism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Shariah, violence against women, and anti-semitism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Daily News">The New York Daily News</a></i> referred to Littman as a "rare but tenacious [voice] who confront[s] Islamic human rights abuses at the UN at every turn," and cited his complaining to the Council that Iranian law "still allows the marriage of girls at only 9 years old, and justifies the <a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoning</a> of women for alleged adultery."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 he held a keynote speech at the international <a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">counter-jihad</a> conference in Brussels along with Bat Ye'or.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Littman sought to make a three-minute statement before the council's eighth session in June 2008 (on behalf of the AWE) with regard to various forms of <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">violence against women</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Shariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariah">shariah</a></i>, he was blocked after 22 seconds from finishing his statement.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives from Egypt, Pakistan, and Iran (speaking on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of the Islamic Conference</a>) forced a halt to the proceedings, saying that any discussion of Islamic religious law was insulting to the faith.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After deliberations, Council president <a href="/wiki/Doru_Romulus_Costea" title="Doru Romulus Costea">Doru Romulus Costea</a> of Romania said: "The Council is not prepared to discuss religious questions and we don’t have to do so. Declarations must avoid judgments or evaluation about religion."<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He told Littman to amend his remarks.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Littman gave and amended statement and released copies of the original statement for review.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar incident occurred at the council's ninth session, when Littman had prepared a text protesting the antisemitic writings of the Grand Sheikh of <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a> in Egypt. He was ordered by the new Council President <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ihoeghian_Uhomoibhi" title="Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi">Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi</a> to desist.<sup id="cite_ref-trouw_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trouw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2009 he was again denied the opportunity to speak, this time for being "off topic" when calling for a universal condemnation of defamations of Judaism during a discussion of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writings">Writings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early in his career, Littman's writings were published in the <i>Wiener Library Bulletin</i>, a periodical of the <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Library">Wiener Library</a>. Others were published by the CID, which disseminated its publications by mailing them to prominent people and institutions. He also published historical writings with <i>Les Editions de l'Avenir</i>, which distributed its publications in a similar manner.<sup id="cite_ref-littmanwebsite_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-littmanwebsite-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since 1971, Littman has published articles on historical and human rights issues in <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journals</a>, including in <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Temps_Modernes" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Temps Modernes">Les Temps Modernes</a></i>, in the press, and in three books.<sup id="cite_ref-littmanwebsite_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-littmanwebsite-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also published a chapter in <i>The Century of Moses Montefiore</i> (1985), published by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-booksGooglePomeroyAlpert_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booksGooglePomeroyAlpert-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Littman contributed multiple chapters to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_Islamic_Tolerance" title="The Myth of Islamic Tolerance">The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims</a></i> (2005), edited by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Spencer_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Spencer (writer)">Robert Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a> 2005, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59102-249-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59102-249-5">1-59102-249-5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He translated many articles by Bat Ye'or into English and co-translated three of her major books, the last published in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_work">Published work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Published work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aaDrGwAACAAJ&q=%22d.+g.+littman%22">Jews and Arabs: myths and realities</a></i>, David Littman, 1973</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nw27AAAAIAAJ&q=%22d.f.+green%22+islam"><i>Arab theologians on Jews and Israel: extracts from the proceedings of the fourth conference of the Academy of Islamic Research</i></a>, D. F. Green (pen name of Littman and Yehoshafat Harkabi), Majmaʻ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmīyah, Éditions de l'avenir, 3 eds. in English, 2 eds. in French, 1ed. in German (over 70,000 copies of all editions), 1974</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MLYcMwAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22">Jews under Muslim Rule in the late Nineteenth Century</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Library">Wiener Library</a> Bulletin</i> 28, n.s. 35/36 (1975)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ENrHHAAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22">Jews under Muslim Rule, II: Morocco 1903–1912</a>", <i>Wiener Library Bulletin</i> 29, n.s. 37/38 (1976)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MZ25AAAAIAAJ&q=Protected+Peoples+under+Islam">Protected Peoples under Islam</a>" by David Littman and Bat Ye'or, <i>CID</i>, Geneva, 1976</li> <li>"Quelques Aspects de la Condition de Dhimmi: Juifs d'Afrique du Nord avant la Colonisation," in <i>Yod, Revue des Etudes Hébraiques et juives modernes et contemporaines</i>, (Publications Orientalistes de France), 2: 1, October 1976 (+ Geneva, Avenir, 10 May 1997)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fwJfGwAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22"><i>Peuples protégés en terre d'Islam</i></a>, by David Littman, Centre d'Information et de Documentation sur le Moyen-Orient, 1977</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dhimmitude.org/archive/littman_jews_under_muslims_case_of_persia.pdf">Jews under Muslim Rule: The Case of Persia</a>," <i>Wiener Library Bulletin</i>, 32, n.s. 49/50 (1979)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQM-GwAACAAJ&q=Les+Juifs+en+Perse+avant+les+Pahlevi">Les Juifs en Perse avant les Pahlevi</a>," <i>Les Temps Modernes</i>, 395, pp. 1,910–35, Juin 1979</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0sRtAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Century+of+Moses+Montefiore">The Century of Moses Montefiore</a></i>, (ed. Sonia and V.D. Lipman), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rX05MwAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22">Mission to Morocco (1863–1864)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>", pp. 171–229, by David Littman, in <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1985<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yZFiPAAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22"><i>L'histoire du relief de Jérusalem (1864–1985)</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, by David Littman, Centre d'information et de documentation sur le Moyen-Orient, 1986</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHttGwAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22">Statements made by the representatives of the World Union for Progressive Judaism David Littman and Martin Gilbert</a> forty-third session; UN Commission on Human Rights, Geneva, [2 February – 13 March], 1987</i>, Union mondiale pour le judaïsme libéral, Martin Gilbert, David Littman, WUPJ, UN. Commission des droits de l'homme, 1987</li> <li>"Human Rights and Human Wrongs," N° 1 – 11, 344 pages (verbatim oral and written statements: 1986–91 made by all accredited representatives of the WUPJ to the UNCHR and UN Sub-Commission, Geneva: 84 texts, of which 68 (oral) and 9 (written) by David Littman, WUPJ, Geneva, 1986–91<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShGPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Utopia:+A+'United+States+of+Abraham%22+littman">Utopia: A 'United States of Abraham'</a>," Part 5, Chapter 48 (pp. 453–68) (Lecture: Society for Semitic Studies, <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>, Sweden, 23 November 1994). Part 5, Chapter 48 (pp. 453–68), in <i>The Myth of Islamic Tolerance</i></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=013294318&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine">The U.N. Finds Slavery in the Sudan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807221402/http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=013294318&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine">Archived</a> 7 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Quarterly">Middle East Quarterly</a></i> (Philadelphia), September 1996</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g28oNQAACAAJ&q=Quelques+Aspects+de+la+Condition+de+Dhimmi">Quelques Aspects de la Condition de Dhimmi: Juifs d'Afrique du Nord avant la Colonisation</a>," in <i>Yod</i>, Revue des Etudes Hébraiques et juives modernes et contemporaines (Publications Orientalistes de France), 2: 1, October 1976 (Geneva, Avenir, 10 May 1997)</li> <li>"Dangerous Censorship of a U.N. Special Rapporteur," Rene Wadlow and David Littman, <i>Justice</i> (Tel Aviv) No. 14, September 1997</li> <li>"UN Special Rapporteur Censured on Islamist and Arab Antisemitism," by Rene Wadlow and David Littman, <i>Midstream</i>, vol. 44, pp. 8–12, February–March 1998</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021113111506/http://www.dhimmitude.org/archive/universal_islam.html">Universal Human Rights and 'Human Rights in Islam</a>,'" <i><a href="/wiki/Midstream_(magazine)" title="Midstream (magazine)">Midstream</a></i> (New York) February/March 1999, pp. 2–7</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhimmitude.org/archive/islamism_un.html">Islamism Grows Stronger at the United Nations</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Quarterly">Middle East Quarterly</a></i>, September 1999, vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 59–64</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhimmitude.org/archive/syria_blood_libel.html">Syria's Blood Libel Revival at the UN: 1991–2000</a>," <i>Midstream</i>, February/March 2000</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-littman090902.asp">"Jihad and Jihadist Bombers; What’s in a name?"</a>, David G. Littman, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, 9 September 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/script/printpage.p?ref=/comment/comment-littman092602.asp">"The Genocidal Hamas Charter; Yasser Arafat & co."</a>, David G. Littman, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, 26 September 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-littman100702.asp">"The Truth About the Mideast; Fourteen fundamental facts about Israel and Palestine"</a>, by David G. Littman, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, 7 October 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-littman120302.asp">"The Forgotten Refugees; An exchange of populations"</a>, David G. Littman, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, 3 December 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ODkzM2Q2NGE5ODQzZWI2Y2QyMzhlYjA4NWRlOWYzMzE=">"Human Rights and Human Wrongs; Sharia can’t be an exception to international human-rights norms"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, by David G. Littman, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>, 19 January 2003</li> <li>"Islamists' Perpetual Jihad," David G. Littman, <i>FrontPageMagazine</i>, 15 August 2003</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://97.74.65.51/Printable.aspx?ArtId=10582">Yasser's Terrorist Jesus</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>," by David G. Littman, <i>FrontPageMagazine</i>, 15 November 2004</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_Islamic_Tolerance" title="The Myth of Islamic Tolerance">The Myth of Islamic Tolerance</a>: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims</i>, edited by Robert Spencer, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShGPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Human+Rights+and+Human+Wrongs%22+littman">Human Rights and Human Wrongs at the United Nations</a>," Part 5 (pp. 305–472), David G. Littman, <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59102-249-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59102-249-5">1-59102-249-5</a>, contributor of multiple chapters, 2005</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ooAaaMdOwpAC&q=%22+littman%22">Copts in Egypt: A Christian Minority under Siege; papers presented at the First International Coptic Symposium, Zürich, September 23–25, 2004</a></i>, Martyn Thomas, Adly A. Youssef, "Need of a State for all Citizens," by David Littman, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85710-040-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-85710-040-0">3-85710-040-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85710-040-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85710-040-6">978-3-85710-040-6</a>, 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PF9_EG3VaaUC&dq=%22david+g+littman%22&pg=PA382"><i>Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora: origins, experiences, and culture, Volume 1</i></a>, M. Avrum Ehrlich, p. 382, "Modern Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries," David G. Littman, ABC-CLIO, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-873-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-873-9">1-85109-873-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-873-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-873-6">978-1-85109-873-6</a>, 2008</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101003071751/http://pups.paris-sorbonne.fr/pages/aff_livre.php?Id=857">L'Exil au Maghreb</a>, La condition juive dans l'Islam, 1148–1912", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_B._Fenton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul B. Fenton (page does not exist)">Paul B. Fenton</a> et David G. Littman, 17 November 2010, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84050-725-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84050-725-3">978-2-84050-725-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Littman_(activist)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbécassis2014" class="citation web cs1">Abécassis, Frédéric (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00778664/document">"Questions About Jewish Migrations from Morocco"</a>. <i>HAL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Youssef, <i>Copts in Egypt: A Christian Minority under Siege</i>, (Orthdruk Bialystok, 2006), 190; <i>David Gerald Littman: Historian, born in London, received his BA and MA degrees in modern history and political science at Trinity College Dublin</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kf3XAAAAMAAJ&q=%22david+g+littman%22"><i>Islam et judéo-christianisme: texte inédit: Intervention philosophique</i>, p. 38, Jacques Ellul</a>, Presses universitaires de France, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-13-054215-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-13-054215-5">978-2-13-054215-5</a>, accessed 13 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623005919/http://www.dhimmitude.org/littman-biography.html">"David G. Littman; Biography"</a>. <i>dhimmitude.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhimmitude.org/littman-biography.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Codename%3A+Operation+Mural&rft.date=2007-12-17&rft.aulast=Sheleg&rft.aufirst=Yair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F935128.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Littman+%28activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/577041.html">"NATIONS UNIES : devant la sous-commission des droits de l'homme Le délégué soviétique s'est exposé à l'accusation d'antisémitisme,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, 22 August 1987, accessed 12 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/618862.html">"La réunion de la sous-commission des droits de l'homme de l'ONU La "glasnost", enfin, mais toujours sélective,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, 9 September 1988, accessed 12 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/655984.html">"ONU: la disparition de M. 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Amberley. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781445678009" title="Special:BookSources/9781445678009"><bdi>9781445678009</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldiers+of+a+Different+God%3A+How+the+Counter-Jihad+Movement+Created+Mayhem%2C+Murder+and+the+Trump+Presidency&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Amberley&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781445678009&rft.aulast=Othen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbq-IDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Littman+%28activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sydsvenskan.se/opinion/aktuellafragor/article397547/quotRattigheter-under-attackquot.html">Lindeborg, Lisbeth, "Rättigheter under attack"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sydsvenskan" title="Sydsvenskan">Sydsvenskan</a></i>, 9 December 2008, accessed 12 January 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810181321/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/opinion/aktuellafragor/article397547/quotRattigheter-under-attackquot.html">Archived</a> 10 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3eLfhvNQBkgC&dq=%22david+g+littman%22&pg=PT84"><i>Stealth jihad: how radical Islam is subverting America without guns or bombs</i>, pp. 76–77, Robert Spencer, Regnery Publishing, 2008</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59698-556-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-59698-556-9">1-59698-556-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-556-8">978-1-59698-556-8</a>, accessed 13 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diepresse.com/home/kultur/news/395319/print.do">Simon, Anne-Catherine, "Kritik an Sharia oder Fatwas verboten,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Presse" title="Die Presse">Die Presse</a></i>, 1 July 2008, accessed 13 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/krantenarchief/2009/04/18/2734328/Wat_was_hier_aan__de_hand_.html">Dacey, Austin, "Wat was hier aan de hand?", <i>Trouw</i>, 18 April 2009, accessed 12 January 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2009" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Steven (9 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313031455/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Jewish+speaker+outraged+after+debate+short/1371164/story.html">"Jewish speaker outraged after debate cut short"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Jewish+speaker+outraged+after+debate+cut+short&rft.date=2009-03-09&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2FJewish%2Bspeaker%2Boutraged%2Bafter%2Bdebate%2Bshort%2F1371164%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Littman+%28activist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-littmanwebsite-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-littmanwebsite_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-littmanwebsite_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623005919/http://www.dhimmitude.org/littman-biography.html">David G. Littman website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-booksGooglePomeroyAlpert-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-booksGooglePomeroyAlpert_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jF0dSJgWEbIC&q=Littman%2C+David&pg=PA129">Citation</a> in: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jF0dSJgWEbIC&q=Proceedings+of+the+Twelfth+British+Conference+on+Judeo-Spanish+Studies">Proceedings of the Twelfth British Conference on Judeo-Spanish Studies</a> (2001)</i> edited by Hilary Pomeroy, Michael Alpert, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Jewish_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Jewish Studies">Institute of Jewish Studies</a>, Studies in Judaica, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1591022495#reader_1591022495">"The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims (Hardcover)", Amazon, accessed 12 January 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102215316/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-3020579.html">"Article: Religion of War," <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>, 2 January 1997, accessed 12 January 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20304559.html">"Article: The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude, Seventh-Twentieth Centuries. (book reviews)", <i>History: Review of New Books</i>, 22 March 1997, accessed 1 January 2010</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TObUQQAACAAJ&q=%22david+littman%22+-comerica+-%22artificial+intelligence%22+-hockey+-programming+-goalie+-%22atlantic+reporter%22"><i>Human rights and human wrongs</i>, Issue 2, by David Littman, Martin Gilbert, World Union for Progressive Judaism, Anatoly Shcharansky, Published under the auspices of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, 1986, accessed 14 January 2010</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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