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Escriptura xinesa - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història_i_tradició" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història_i_tradició"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història i tradició</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història_i_tradició-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estructura_dels_caràcters_xinesos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructura_dels_caràcters_xinesos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Estructura dels caràcters xinesos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estructura_dels_caràcters_xinesos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspectes_rellevants_dels_caràcters_xinesos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspectes_rellevants_dels_caràcters_xinesos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aspectes rellevants dels caràcters xinesos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspectes_rellevants_dels_caràcters_xinesos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_situació_actual_de_l&#039;escriptura_xinesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_situació_actual_de_l&#039;escriptura_xinesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>La situació actual de l'escriptura xinesa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-La_situació_actual_de_l&#039;escriptura_xinesa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció La situació actual de l'escriptura xinesa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-La_situació_actual_de_l&#039;escriptura_xinesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_simplificació_a_la_Xina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_simplificació_a_la_Xina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>La simplificació a la Xina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_simplificació_a_la_Xina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanjis_japonesos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanjis_japonesos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kanjis japonesos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanjis_japonesos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparació_entre_el_xinès_tradicional,_el_xinès_simplificat_i_el_japonès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparació_entre_el_xinès_tradicional,_el_xinès_simplificat_i_el_japonès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Comparació entre el xinès tradicional, el xinès simplificat i el japonès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparació_entre_el_xinès_tradicional,_el_xinès_simplificat_i_el_japonès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obres_citades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obres_citades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Obres citades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obres_citades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Escriptura xinesa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 135 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_karakter" title="Chinese karakter - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chinese karakter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chinesische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93_%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%95%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B5" title="የቻይና ጽሕፈት - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቻይና ጽሕፈት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura_chinesa" title="Escritura chinesa - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Escritura chinesa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مقاطع صينية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاطع صينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="رموز صيني - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رموز صيني" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="চীনা ভাৱচিত্ৰ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীনা ভাৱচিত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%A1uteres_chinos" title="Caráuteres chinos - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caráuteres chinos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Çin yazısı - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin yazısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="چین یازیسی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین یازیسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай яҙыуы - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай яҙыуы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C3%A4sische_Schrift" title="Kinäsische Schrift - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kinäsische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97n%C4%97%C5%A1ks_ra%C5%A1ts" title="Kėnėšks rašts - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnėšks rašts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leter_Cina" title="Leter Cina - Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Leter Cina" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Кітайскае пісьмо - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітайскае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Кітайскае пісьмо - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітайскае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Китайска логограма - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайска логограма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Cina" title="Aksara Cina - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Aksara Cina" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0" title="চীনা অক্ষর - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনা অক্ষর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="རྒྱ་ཡིག - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་ཡིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinalun" title="Sinalun - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sinalun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesko_pismo" title="Kinesko pismo - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kinesko pismo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Cino" title="Surat Cino - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Surat Cino" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Хитад үзэг - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хитад үзэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-c%C3%AA" title="Háng-cê - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-cê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Цийн йоза - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цийн йоза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinulatang_Ininsik" title="Sinulatang Ininsik - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sinulatang Ininsik" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پیتی چینی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیتی چینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_yazuv%C4%B1" title="Çin yazuvı - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çin yazuvı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%A9_znaky" title="Čínské znaky - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínské znaky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwyddlun_Tsieineaidd" title="Arwyddlun Tsieineaidd - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arwyddlun Tsieineaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesisk_skrift" title="Kinesisk skrift - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kinesisk skrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakter%C3%AA_%C3%87inki" title="Karakterê Çinki - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Karakterê Çinki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κινεζικοί χαρακτήρες - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινεζικοί χαρακτήρες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chinese characters" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_skribo" title="Ĉina skribo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina skribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracteres_chinos" title="Caracteres chinos - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caracteres chinos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_kiri" title="Hiina kiri - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina kiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinatar_karaktere" title="Txinatar karaktere - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinatar karaktere" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نویسه‌های چینی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نویسه‌های چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinan_kirjoitusj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Kiinan kirjoitusjärjestelmä - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinan kirjoitusjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinversk_tekn" title="Kinversk tekn - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kinversk tekn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caract%C3%A8res_chinois" title="Caractères chinois - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caractères chinois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjineesk_skraft" title="Sjineesk skraft - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sjineesk skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sineeske_karakters" title="Sineeske karakters - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sineeske karakters" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97" title="字 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="字" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakt%C3%A8r_chinwa" title="Karaktèr chinwa - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Karaktèr chinwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrita_chinesa" title="Escrita chinesa - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escrita chinesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD_raiku%C3%A9ra" title="Chinañe&#039;ẽ raikuéra - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chinañe&#039;ẽ raikuéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nz%C3%AC" title="Hànzì - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hànzì" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Hon-sṳ - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="כתב סיני - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב סיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चीनी भावचित्र - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी भावचित्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaena_akchhar" title="Chaena akchhar - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chaena akchhar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesko_pismo" title="Kinesko pismo - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kinesko pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Kínai írás - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Չինական գիր - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինական գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Han" title="Aksara Han - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Han" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkarakter_nga_Insik" title="Karkarakter nga Insik - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karkarakter nga Insik" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnverskir_stafir" title="Kínverskir stafir - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kínverskir stafir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi" title="Caratteri cinesi - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caratteri cinesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="漢字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zdosible%27u" title="zdosible&#039;u - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zdosible&#039;u" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Cinten" title="Aksara Cinten - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Cinten" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ჩინური დამწერლობა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინური დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_China" title="Tulisan China - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tulisan China" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Қытай жазуы - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай жазуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="អក្សរចិន - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អក្សរចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90" title="한자 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Къытай джазма - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къытай джазма" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideografow_chinek" title="Ideografow chinek - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ideografow chinek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83" title="Кытай жазуусу - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кытай жазуусу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_Sinicus" title="Character Sinicus - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Character Sinicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carateri_cinesc" title="Carateri cinesc - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Carateri cinesc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carater_chines" title="Carater chines - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carater chines" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ຕົວອັກສອນຈີນ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕົວອັກສອນຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Kinų raštas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinų raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_rakstz%C4%ABmes" title="Ķīniešu rakstzīmes - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīniešu rakstzīmes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%B4grama" title="Sinôgrama - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sinôgrama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Кинеско писмо - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинеско писмо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ചൈനീസ് അക്ഷരം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനീസ് അക്ഷരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Хятад үсэг - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хятад үсэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Cina" title="Tulisan Cina - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Cina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်စာလုံးများ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်စာလုံးများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chineesche_Schriftteken" title="Chineesche Schriftteken - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chineesche Schriftteken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="चिनिया लिपि - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिनिया लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinees_schrift" title="Chinees schrift - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinees schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzi" title="Hanzi - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hanzi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiske_tegn" title="Kinesiske tegn - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinesiske tegn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura_chinesa" title="Escritura chinesa - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escritura chinesa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_chi%C5%84skie" title="Pismo chińskie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo chińskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%A0ter_cin%C3%A8is" title="Caràter cinèis - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Caràter cinèis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="چینی رسم الخط - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چینی رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinograma" title="Sinograma - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinograma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracter_chinez" title="Caracter chinez - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caracter chinez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Китайское письмо - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайское письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%94_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Китайськоє писаня - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Китайськоє писаня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Кытай бичигэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай бичигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheenese_chairacter" title="Cheenese chairacter - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheenese chairacter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="چيني رسم الخط - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيني رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesko_pismo" title="Kinesko pismo - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kinesko pismo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskkiln_icinwiyn" title="Iskkiln icinwiyn - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iskkiln icinwiyn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BB" title="චීන අක්ෂර - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන අක්ෂර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chinese characters" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnske_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Čínske písmo - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čínske písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajska_pisava" title="Kitajska pisava - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajska pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nz%C3%AC" title="Hànzì - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hànzì" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbole_kineze" title="Simbole kineze - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Simbole kineze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Кинеско писмо - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинеско писмо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Tionghoa" title="Aksara Tionghoa - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aksara Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiska_tecken" title="Kinesiska tecken - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinesiska tecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwandiko_wa_Kichina" title="Mwandiko wa Kichina - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwandiko wa Kichina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84ski_szrajb%C5%AFnek" title="Chiński szrajbůnek - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chiński szrajbůnek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="சீன எழுத்துமுறை - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீன எழுத்துமுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF" title="చైనీస్ లిపి - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చైనీస్ లిపి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรจีน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_karakterleri" title="Çin karakterleri - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin karakterleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Кытай язуы - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кытай язуы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Китайська писемність - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська писемність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="چینی رسم الخط - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چینی رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_yozuvi" title="Xitoy yozuvi - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy yozuvi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Hán" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsino_nga_agi" title="Tsino nga agi - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsino nga agi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ჩინური ჭარალუა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინური ჭარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98" title="כינעזישע שריפט - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כינעזישע שריפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawgun" title="Sawgun - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sawgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89" title="ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="漢字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-j%C4%AB" title="Hàn-jī - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="漢字" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-ind-100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Llista_dels_1000_articles_fonamentals" title="Els 1.000 fonamentals de la Viquipèdia"><img alt="Els 1.000 fonamentals de la Viquipèdia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/30px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/45px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/60px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background:Moccasin; font-size:120%;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula sistema d&#39;escriptura"><img alt="Infotaula sistema d&#39;escriptura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kanji_Wa.svg/20px-Kanji_Wa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kanji_Wa.svg/30px-Kanji_Wa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kanji_Wa.svg/40px-Kanji_Wa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="123" /></span></span></span>Escriptura xinesa<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:ROC24_SC1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ROC24_SC1.jpg/156px-ROC24_SC1.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ROC24_SC1.jpg/234px-ROC24_SC1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ROC24_SC1.jpg/312px-ROC24_SC1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3953107" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3953107">escriptura logogràfica</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29517555" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q29517555">escriptura natural</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sistema_d%27escriptura" title="Sistema d&#39;escriptura">sistema d'escriptura</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Llengües</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sin%C3%ADtiques" title="Llengües sinítiques">xinès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon%C3%A8s" title="Japonès">japonès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Core%C3%A0" title="Coreà">coreà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llengua_d%27Okinawa" title="Llengua d&#39;Okinawa">llengua d'Okinawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamita" title="Vietnamita">vietnamita</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zhuang" title="Llengües zhuang">llengües zhuang</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P407" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Creador</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cang_Jie" title="Cang Jie">Cang Jie</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P170" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Creació</th><td class="infobox-data">1200 aC <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P571" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Origen</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P495" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Basat en</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Escriptura_dels_ossos_oraculars" title="Escriptura dels ossos oraculars">escriptura de l'os de l'oracle</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P144" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Història</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4532947" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4532947">evolució dels caràcters xinesos</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15899315" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15899315">history of Chinese characters</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15899315?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P2184" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hani <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P506" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;(500 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P2620" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Direcció del text</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105395084" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q105395084">vertical i de dreta a esquerra</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17321844" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17321844">d'esquerra a dreta</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P1406" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Interval Unicode</th><td class="infobox-data">U+2E80-2EFF,U+3000-303F,U+3200-32FF,U+3300-33FF,U+3400-4DBF,U+4E00-9FFF,U+F900-FAFF,U+FE30-FE4F <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P5949" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:Moccasin">Mapa de distribució</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png/300px-Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png/450px-Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png/600px-Chinese-Characters-Distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span><br /><small>Distribució <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201?uselang=ca#P1846" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<b>escriptura xinesa</b> està basada en l'ús dels signes propis anomenats <b>caràcters xinesos</b> (<a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinès">xinès</a>: 漢字 / 汉字, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>hànzì</i>). Aquest sistema d'escriptura, d'origen <a href="/wiki/Logograma" title="Logograma">logogràfic</a> i similar en aquest sentit als sistemes <a href="/wiki/Escriptura_maia" class="mw-redirect" title="Escriptura maia">maia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jerogl%C3%ADfic_egipci" title="Jeroglífic egipci">egipci</a>, és un dels trets més distintius de la <a href="/wiki/Cultura_xinesa" title="Cultura xinesa">cultura xinesa</a>. Hi ha milers de caràcters que s'han utilitzat durant almenys tres mil anys com a forma escrita, i que van ser adoptats també per altres llengües asiàtiques, en particular el <a href="/wiki/Japon%C3%A8s" title="Japonès">japonès</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Core%C3%A0" title="Coreà">coreà</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Vietnamita" title="Vietnamita">vietnamita</a>. Aquestes dues últimes van abandonar quasi per complet l'ús de caràcters durant la segona meitat del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, mentre que al Japó se'n continuen utilitzant, i s'hi anomenen <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història_i_tradició"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria_i_tradici.C3.B3"></span>Història i tradició</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història i tradició"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Articles principals: <a href="/wiki/Escriptura_dels_ossos_oraculars" title="Escriptura dels ossos oraculars">Escriptura dels ossos oraculars</a> i <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi#L&#39;emperador_unificador" title="Qin Shi Huangdi">Qin_Shi_Huangdi §&#160;L'emperador_unificador</a></div> <p>Els exemples d'escrits més antics en xinès es remunten a la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Shang" title="Dinastia Shang">dinastia Shang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Segle_XVI_aC" title="Segle XVI aC">segle XVI aC</a>) i se'n conserven alguns realitzats sobre <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">ossos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Closca" title="Closca">closques</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tortuga" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortuga">tortuga</a> coneguts com a <i><a href="/wiki/Os_oracular" title="Os oracular">jiǎgǔwén</a></i> (甲骨文, 'escriptura de closques i ossos'). Es van escriure com a fenedures sobre ossos oraculars, principalment escàpules de <a href="/wiki/Bou" title="Bou">bou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovella" title="Ovella">ovella</a> i plastrons de tortuga, que és la part ventral de la closca, la qual cosa n'ha permès la conservació fins als nostres dies. Aquestes inscripcions registren les consultes i els resultats dels rituals d'<a href="/wiki/Endevinaci%C3%B3" title="Endevinació">endevinació</a> que constituïen el missatge dels esperits dels avantpassats al <a href="/wiki/Rei" title="Rei">rei</a>. Al llarg del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> han estat molt nombrosos els descobriments en excavacions arqueològiques d'aquests tipus d'ossos i closques,<sup id="cite_ref-dicsanend_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicsanend-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> que han contribuït a un coneixement molt més científic sobre l'origen i l'evolució dels caràcters xinesos <a href="/wiki/Mandar%C3%AD" title="Mandarí">mandarins</a>. </p><p>La tradició xinesa atribueix la invenció dels caràcters xinesos al personatge llegendari <a href="/wiki/Cang_Jie" title="Cang Jie">Cang Jie</a>, un ministre del mític emperador Groc (<a href="/wiki/Huang_Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang Di">Huang Di</a>), que hauria inventat els caràcters inspirant-se en les empremtes dels <a href="/wiki/Ocells" title="Ocells">ocells</a>. </p><p>Hi ha altres llegendes menys difoses sobre l'origen dels caràcters. Una d'aquestes, recollida per <a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>, situa l'origen dels caràcters en un sistema de nusos realitzats en cordes. Una altra llegenda assenyala com a precursors dels caràcters els vuit <a href="/wiki/Hexagrama" title="Hexagrama">hexagrames</a> del <i><a href="/wiki/Yi_jing" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi jing">Yi jing</a></i> o <i>Llibre de les mutacions</i>, que haurien estat inventats pel savi llegendari <a href="/wiki/Fu_Xi" title="Fu Xi">Fu Xi</a>. </p><p>Al segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span>&#160;aC, al final de l'era dels <a href="/wiki/Regnes_Combatents_(Xina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regnes Combatents (Xina)">Regnes Combatents</a> i amb la unificació en un sol regne sota el govern del <a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Qin" title="Estat de Qin">Regne de Qin</a>, l'auto-anomenat Primer Emperador, <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi">Qin Shi Huangdi</a> va crear un conjunt de 3300 caràcters xiǎozhuàn estandaritzats per unificar l'escriptura dels diversos regnes en una de sola.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estructura_dels_caràcters_xinesos"><span id="Estructura_dels_car.C3.A0cters_xinesos"></span>Estructura dels caràcters xinesos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Estructura dels caràcters xinesos"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El sistema d'escriptura xinès consta d'un repertori de milers de caràcters, tot i que se'n poden arribar a comptar desenes de milers, si es tenen en compte tot els tipus de formes variants, arcaiques o summament rares. La major part dels diccionaris xinesos actuals contenen entre 5.000 i 10.000 caràcters diferents. </p><p>En contra d'un mite molt estès, en general els caràcters no són paraules, sinó que corresponen més aviat a la idea de <a href="/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema">morfemes</a>. Cada caràcter correspon a una síl·laba del llenguatge parlat. Aquest fet, que cada caràcter sigui una síl·laba, és probablement el causant de la idea errònia que el xinès és una llengua monosil·làbica. En realitat, la major part del lèxic xinès modern es compon de paraules de dues síl·labes, entenent com a paraula una unitat lèxica que es pot combinar lliurement dins una frase. En el xinès clàssic s'utilitzaven moltes més paraules d'una sola síl·laba però no se sap de cap estadi de la llengua en què totes les paraules hagin estat monosíl·labs. De fet, hi ha termes bisíl·labs que s'escriuen amb dos caràcters que només poden aparèixer junts, com per exemple <i>gang</i> (尴尬/尴尬, 'avergonyit') o <i>jǔyǔ</i> (龃龉/龃龉, 'altercat'). En aquests casos, ni tan sols seria possible una anàlisi semàntica o etimològica com a unió de dos morfemes. </p><p>Hi ha diversos criteris per a classificar els tipus de caràcters xinesos. El més senzill n'és dividir-los en tres categories bàsiques: pictogrames, <a href="/wiki/Ideograma" title="Ideograma">ideogrames</a> i fonogrames. </p><p>Els caràcters més antics són <a href="/wiki/Pictograma" title="Pictograma">pictogrames</a>, això és, dibuixos del concepte que representen. Per exemple:<br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ejemplo_de_pictogramas_chinos.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pictogrames xinesos"><img alt="Pictogrames xinesos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Ejemplo_de_pictogramas_chinos.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="70" /></a></span><br /> El primer caràcter, pronunciat <i>ren</i> en <a href="/wiki/Mandar%C3%AD" title="Mandarí">mandarí</a> modern, vol dir 'persona', i procedeix del dibuix d'un perfil humà. Aquest caràcter és una autèntica paraula monosíl·laba i s'utilitza en xinès modern. El segon exemple, pronunciat <i>mu</i>, significava 'arbre' en l'antiguitat, i representa, de manera estilitzada, el tronc, la copa i les branques de l'arbre. En xinès modern, aquest caràcter ha passat a significar 'fusta', mentre que "arbre" es diu <i>shu</i> (树/树). </p><p>El segon tipus de caràcters són els anomenats <a href="/wiki/Ideograma" title="Ideograma">ideogrames</a>. En aquests casos els pictogrames es combinen per suggerir idees per associació. Per exemple:<br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ejemplo_de_ideogramas_chinos.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ideogrames xinesos"><img alt="Ideogrames xinesos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Ejemplo_de_ideogramas_chinos.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="70" /></a></span> <br /> Aquests dos ideogrames es basen en els pictogrames anteriors. El primer, pronunciat <i>qiu</i>, significa 'presoner', significat suggerit per la imatge d'una persona tancada. En xinès modern, la paraula normal per a dir "presoner" és <i>qiúfàn</i> (囚犯), una forma de dues síl·labes que encara conté aquest caràcter. El segon caràcter de la imatge significa 'bosc', idea suggerida per la repetició de l'arbre. En aquest cas, el xinès modern també ha acabat donant-nos una forma bisil·làbica; la paraula actual és sēnlín (森林), en què apareix també un altre ideograma semblant amb tres arbres. </p><p>El tercer tipus de caràcters el constitueixen els <a href="/wiki/Fonograma_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Fonograma (lingüística)">fonogrames</a>. Aquest tipus inclou la immensa majoria dels caràcters xinesos actuals. Consisteix en la modificació d'un altre caràcter amb el qual comparteix pronunciació afegint-hi un altre component que el distingeix. El component afegit és, sovint, un dels anomenats <i>radicals</i>, que aporta una idea semàntica respecte al tipus de significat representat pel nou caràcter. Vegem-ne dos exemples:<br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ejemplo_de_fonogramas_chinos.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fonogrames xinesos"><img alt="Fonogrames xinesos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Ejemplo_de_fonogramas_chinos.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="70" /></a></span> <br /> Aquests dos fonogrames estan basats en els ideogrames anteriors, però corresponen a paraules totalment diferents. En tots dos caràcters s'aprecien tres traços a l'esquerra. Aquests traços són coneguts com "tres gotes d'aigua", o "radical de l'aigua", i procedeixen del pictograma que significa <a href="/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua">aigua</a>. Els caràcters que tenen aquestes tres gotes d'aigua solen tenir un significat relacionat amb l'aigua o els líquids. El primer, pronunciat <i>qiu</i>, es basa en l'ideograma <i>qiu</i> pel sol fet que té la mateixa pronunciació. El seu significat clàssic és 'nedar' i s'utilitza poc en xinès modern. Una paraula amb aquest caràcter és <i>qiúdù</i> (泅渡, 'creuar nedant'). El segon caràcter es pronuncia <i>lin</i>, i és per aquesta coincidència fonètica per què es basa en el caràcter del bosc. Les tres gotes d'aigua ens indiquen que es tracta, però, d'un terme relacionat amb l'aigua. El seu significat és 'amarar'. En xinès modern es pot utilitzar com a verb monosil·làbic, o en algunes combinacions bisil·làbiques, com en la paraula <i>línyù</i> (淋浴, 'dutxa'). </p><p>El més probable és que en un estadi antic de la llengua aquests fonogrames es comencessin escrivint amb el mateix caràcter del so que comparteixen, i que l'afegit del radical es produís posteriorment per tal de clarificar el significat. D'una manera anàloga, salvant les distàncies, a l'ús que fem en la nostra llengua de l'accent per diferenciar monosíl·labs de significat diferent, com "si" i «sí», o "te" i "té". </p><p>El sistema de caràcters xinesos no és, per tant, un inventari de paraules monosil·làbiques, com a vegades es diu, sinó més aviat una mena de sil·labari immens amb el qual es representen els sons de les paraules de la llengua parlada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspectes_rellevants_dels_caràcters_xinesos"><span id="Aspectes_rellevants_dels_car.C3.A0cters_xinesos"></span>Aspectes rellevants dels caràcters xinesos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Aspectes rellevants dels caràcters xinesos"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cada signe es refereix a la unitat mínima de significació (morfema).</li> <li>En el lèxic la gran majoria dels mots actuals són bisíl·labs composts per unió de dos monemes, que habitualment tenen identitat i significació pròpies, per exemple 欢迎 (benvinguda).</li> <li>Hi ha inventariats uns 50.000 caràcters diferents dels quals 10.000 són els realment utilitzats en la llengua culta i 3.000 en el llenguatge corrent.</li> <li>Pocs <i>hànzì</i> són ideogrames i des de temps antics els signes tenen valor fonètic, tot i que aquests signes no determinen exactament el so i, per tant, és molt difícil saber com han de ser pronunciats.</li> <li>La majoria de caràcters estan compostos per un radical semàntic (de significat més o menys comú) i un de fonètic, la qual cosa s'aprofita per a ordenar-los en els diccionaris.</li> <li>Cada caràcter és indivisible i invariable, però per raons tècniques i d'estudi es classifiquen en simples i compostos (segons els traços), ideogràfics (sentit deduïble de les parts) i fonètics (si contenen alguna vaga indicació sobre la pronúncia).</li> <li>Al llarg de la història s'han fet servir diversos estils de grafisme que es conserven encara en l'art cal·ligràfic tradicional: el primer estil d'escriptura, sorgit durant la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Shang" title="Dinastia Shang">dinastia Shang</a>, es coneix com a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_de_segell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Escriptura de segell (encara no existeix)">escriptura de segell</a> gran</i> (xinès tradicional: 大篆書, xinès simplificat: 大篆书, pinyin: dàzhuànshū). Altres estils són l'escriptura de segell petit (xinès tradicional: 小篆書, xinès simplificat: 小篆书, pinyin: xiǎozhuànshū), l'escriptura administrativa o clerical (xinès tradicional: 隸書, xinès simplificat: 隶书, pinyin: lìshū), l'escriptura cursiva o de moviment (xinès tradicional: 行書, xinès simplificat: 行书, pinyin: xíngshū), o el d'herba (xinès tradicional: 草書, xinès simplificat: 草书, pinyin: cǎoshū).</li> <li>L'estil escrit o llengua literària anomenat <i>wenyan</i> (xinès tradicional i simplificat: 文言, pinyin: wényán), originat a partir del xinès antic, permet comprendre els texts de qualsevol època.</li> <li>L'estil <i>baihua</i> (xinès tradicional: 白話, xinès simplificat: 白话, pinyin: báihuà), més pròxim al llenguatge parlat i utilitzat ja pel budisme, va desplaçar progressivament el <i>wenyan</i> i el va substituir completament amb la reforma educativa de la Xina del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>.</li></ul> <p>La forma tradicional d'escriure era en vertical i de dreta a esquerra però modernament es fa en horitzontal i d'esquerra a dreta. </p> <ul><li>A partir del <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> el govern de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina">República Popular de la Xina</a> va simplificar els caràcters i adoptà oficialment l'any <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> el sistema de transcripció <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> va fer el mateix.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_situació_actual_de_l'escriptura_xinesa"><span id="La_situaci.C3.B3_actual_de_l.27escriptura_xinesa"></span>La situació actual de l'escriptura xinesa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: La situació actual de l&#039;escriptura xinesa"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A finals dels <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1950" title="Dècada del 1950">anys 50</a> el govern de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina">República Popular de la Xina</a> començà el <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_de_reforma_de_l%27escriptura_xinesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Procés de reforma de l&#39;escriptura xinesa">procés de reforma de l'escriptura</a>. Aquest procés de simplificació dels traços dels caràcters xinesos ha portat a un cisma en l'escriptura del xinès, que actualment s'escriu en caràcters simplificats a la Xina continental, a <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> i a <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia">Malàisia</a>, i en caràcters tradicionals a <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> i <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, així com en la major part de les comunitats xineses de la resta del món. </p><p>Les opinions favorables a la romanització del xinès, que eren força significatives durant el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, han desaparegut pràcticament en l'actualitat. De fet, les noves tecnologies informàtiques permeten escriure i llegir el xinès amb molta facilitat en ordinadors i telèfons mòbils, la qual cosa, unit a la potenciació que es viu a la Xina en relació amb la seva cultura tradicional, sembla haver enfortit la defensa del sistema d'escriptura mil·lenari. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_simplificació_a_la_Xina"><span id="La_simplificaci.C3.B3_a_la_Xina"></span>La simplificació a la Xina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: La simplificació a la Xina"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'ús dels caràcters xinesos tradicionals enfront dels caràcters xinesos simplificats és molt variable i pot dependre tant dels costums locals com del medi. Abans de la reforma oficial, les simplificacions de caràcters no se sancionaren oficialment i en general se n'adoptaren variants i substitucions vulgars idiosincràtiques. Les variants ortodoxes eren obligatòries en obres impreses, mentre que els caràcters simplificats (no oficials) s'utilitzaven en l'escriptura quotidiana o en notes ràpides. Des de la dècada de 1950, i sobretot amb la publicació de la llista de 1964, la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina">República Popular de la Xina</a> ha adoptat oficialment el <a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s_simplificat" title="Xinès simplificat">xinès simplificat</a> per al seu ús a la <a href="/wiki/Xina_continental" title="Xina continental">Xina continental</a>, mentre que <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_la_Xina" title="República de la Xina">República de la Xina</a> (Taiwan) no es van veure afectats per la reforma. No existeix una regla absoluta per a l'ús d'un o altre sistema, i sovint es determina pel que entén el públic objectiu, així com per l'educació de l'escriptor. </p><p>Tot i que més sovint associats amb la República Popular de la Xina, la simplificació de caràcters és anterior a la victòria comunista de 1949. El <i>caoshu</i>, un text escrit en cursiva, gairebé sempre inclou la simplificació de caràcters i formes simplificades que sempre han existit en la impressió, tot i que no per a les obres més formals. En els anys 1930 i 1940, els debats sobre la simplificació de caràcters va tenir lloc al <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> del govern, i un gran nombre d'intel·lectuals i escriptors xinesos mantingueren durant molt de temps que la simplificació de caràcters ajudaria a impulsar l'alfabetització a la Xina. De fet, aquest desig del Kuomintang de simplificar el sistema d'escriptura xinès (heretat i executat pel <a href="/wiki/Partit_Comunista_de_la_Xina" title="Partit Comunista de la Xina">Partit Comunista de la Xina</a>) també encoratjà les aspiracions d'alguns per a l'adopció d'una escriptura fonètica basada en l'escriptura llatina, i va donar lloc a diversos tipus d'invencions com la <i><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu romatzyh">Gwoyeu romatzyh</a></i>. </p><p>La República Popular de la Xina va emetre la primera sèrie de simplificacions oficials de caràcters en dos documents, el primer el 1956 i el segon el 1964. La segona ronda de simplificacions de caràcters (coneguda com a <i>Erjian</i>, o 'segona ronda de caràcters simplificats') es promulgà el 1977. Va ser mal rebuda, i el 1986 les autoritats la varen anul·lar completament, mentre que realitzà fins a sis revisions de la llista de 1964, incloent-hi la restauració de tres caràcters tradicionals que s'havien simplificat: 叠 <i>dié</i>, 覆 <i>fù</i>, 像 <i>xiàng</i>. </p><p>La majoria dels caràcters simplificats s'han extret de les formes abreujades convencionals i dels antics formularis normalitzats.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Per exemple, el símbol ortodox 來 <i>lái</i> ('venir') s'escrivia amb l'estructura 来 en l'escriptura clerical (隶书 / 隸書, <i>lìshū</i>) de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Han" title="Dinastia Han">dinastia Han</a>. Aquesta forma clerical utilitza un traç menys, i per tant s'adoptà com a forma simplificada. El símbol 雲 <i>yún</i> ('núvol') s'escrivia amb l'estructura 云 en l'escriptura oracle en ossos de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Shang" title="Dinastia Shang">dinastia Shang</a>, i va quedar en un ús posterior com un préstec fonètic en el sentit de 'dir', mentre que el radical xinès 雨 es va afegir per diferenciar significats. La forma simplificada adopta l'estructura original. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanjis_japonesos">Kanjis japonesos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Kanjis japonesos"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Articles principals: <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">Shinjitai</a></div> <p>En els anys posteriors a la <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial">Segona Guerra Mundial</a>, el govern japonès també va instituir una sèrie de reformes ortogràfiques. A alguns símbols se'ls donà una forma simplificada anomenada <i><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a></i> 新字体 (lit. 'formes simbòliques noves', i les antigues formes es van etiquetar com a <i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">kyūjitai</a></i> 旧字体, lit. 'formes simbòliques velles'). El nombre de símbols en comú es restringí, i es van establir les llistes formals de símbols a aprendre durant els estudis escolars, primer la llista de 1850 símbols <i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">tōyō kanji</a></i> 当用漢字, el 1945, símbols <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">jōyō kanji</a></i> 常用漢字 el 1981, i la versió reformada de la <i>jōyō kanji</i> el 2010 amb 2.136 símbols. Moltes variants de símbols i alternatives poc clares de símbols comuns es rebutjaren oficialment. Això es va fer amb l'objectiu de facilitar l'aprenentatge als nens i simplificar l'ús del <i>kanji</i> en la literatura i publicacions periòdiques. Aquestes són directrius simplement i, per tant, molts caràcters fora d'aquests estàndards són encara àmpliament coneguts i comunament utilitzats, especialment els dels noms personals i els topònims (per aquest últim, vegeu <a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji">jinmeiyō kanji</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparació_entre_el_xinès_tradicional,_el_xinès_simplificat_i_el_japonès"><span id="Comparaci.C3.B3_entre_el_xin.C3.A8s_tradicional.2C_el_xin.C3.A8s_simplificat_i_el_japon.C3.A8s"></span>Comparació entre el xinès tradicional, el xinès simplificat i el japonès</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Comparació entre el xinès tradicional, el xinès simplificat i el japonès"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El que segueix és una comparació dels caràcters xinesos en el formulari de caràcters nacionals, el <a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s_tradicional" title="Xinès tradicional">xinès tradicional</a> estàndard que s'utilitza a Taiwan, el <i>xiàndài hànyû chángyòng zìbiâo</i>, l'estàndard usat a la Xina continental, amb els caràcters del <a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s_simplificat" title="Xinès simplificat">xinès simplificat</a>, i el <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">Jōyō kanji</a></i>, l'estàndard per al japonès <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></i>. "Simplificat" es refereix a tenir diferències significatives amb la norma de Taiwan, i no és necessàriament un caràcter de nova creació o una substitució recentment realitzada. Els caràcters del xinès usat com a forma estàndard a Hong Kong i al <i>Diccionari Kangxi</i> també són coneguts com a "tradicional", però no s'hi mostren. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:200%"> <caption style="font-size:50%"><b>Comparacions de caràcters tradicionals xinesos, caràcters xinesos simplificats, japonesos i caràcters simplificats en la seva forma estandarditzada moderna</b><sup>[a]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th style="font-size:50%"><a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s_tradicional" title="Xinès tradicional">Xinès tradicional</a> </th> <th style="font-size:50%"><a href="/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s_simplificat" title="Xinès simplificat">Xinès simplificat</a> </th> <th style="font-size:50%"><a href="/wiki/Japon%C3%A8s" title="Japonès">Japonès</a> </th> <th style="font-size:50%">significat </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="12" style="font-size:50%">Simplificat a la Xina continental, no al Japó <br /> (alguns radicals s'han simplificat) </th> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">電</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">电</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">電</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">electricitat </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">買</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">买</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">買</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">comprar </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">開</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">开</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">開</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">obert </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">東</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">东</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">東</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">est </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">車</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">车</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">車</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">cotxe, vehicle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">紅</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">红</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">紅</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">vermell (carmesí en japonès) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">馬</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">马</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">馬</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">cavall </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">無</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">无</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">無</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">res </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">鳥</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">鸟</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">鳥</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">ocell </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">熱</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">热</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">熱</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">calent </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">時</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">时</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">時</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">temps </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">語</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">语</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">語</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">llenguatge parlat </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="10" style="font-size:50%">Simplificat al Japó, no a la Xina continental<br />(En alguns casos això representa l'adopció<br />de diferents variants com a estàndard) </th> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">假</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">假</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">仮</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">provisional </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">罐</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">罐</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">缶</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">llauna </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">佛</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">佛</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">仏</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">Buda </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">惠</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">惠</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">恵</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">favor </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">德</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">德</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">徳</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">moral, virtut </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">拜</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">拜</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">拝</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">pregar, adorar </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">黑</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">黑</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">黒</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">negre </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">冰</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">冰</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">氷</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">gel </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">兔</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">兔</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">兎</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">conill </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">妒</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">妒</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">妬</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">gelós </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="25" style="font-size:50%">Simplificat de manera diferent a la Xina continental i al Japó </th> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">聽</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">听</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">聴</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">escoltar </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">實</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">实</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">実</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">real </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">證</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">证</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">証</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">certificat, prova </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">龍</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">龙</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">竜</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">drac </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">賣</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">卖</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">売</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">vendre </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">龜</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">龟</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">亀</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">tortuga </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">藝</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">艺</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">芸</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">art, arts </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">戰</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">战</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">戦</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">lluita, guerra </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">繩</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">绳</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">縄</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">corda </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">關</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">关</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">関</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">relació </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">鐵</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">铁</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">鉄</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">ferro, metall </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">圖</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">图</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">図</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">foto, diagrama </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">團</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">团</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">団</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">grup, regiment </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">轉</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">转</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">転</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">volta </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">廣</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">广</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">広</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">àmplia, ampla </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">惡</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">恶</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">悪</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">dolent, dimoni </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">豐</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">丰</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">豊</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">abundant </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">腦</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">脑</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">脳</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">cervell </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">雜</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">杂</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">雑</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">miscel·lània </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">壓</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">压</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">圧</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">pressió, compressió </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">雞</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">鸡</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">鶏</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">pollastre </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">價</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">价</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">価</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">preu </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">樂</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">乐</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">楽</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">diversió, divertit </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">氣</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">气</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">気</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">aire </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">廳</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">厅</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">庁</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">recepció, oficina </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="17" style="font-size:50%">Simplificat de manera idèntica a la Xina continental i al Japó </th> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">聲</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">声</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">声</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">so, veu </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">學</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">学</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">学</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">aprendre </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">體</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">体</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">体</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">cos </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">點</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">点</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">点</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">punt </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">貓</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">猫</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">猫</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">gat </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">蟲</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">虫</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">虫</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">insecte </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">舊</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">旧</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">旧</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">vell </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">會</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">会</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">会</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">poder(verb), reunió </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">萬</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">万</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">万</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">deu mil </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">盜</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">盗</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">盗</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">lladre </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">寶</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">宝</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">宝</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">tresor </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">國</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">国</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">国</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">paí </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">醫</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">医</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">医</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">medicina </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">麥</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">麦</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">麦</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">blat </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">雙</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">双</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">双</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">parell </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-tw" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans TW&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK TC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Jhenghei&#39;, MOESongUN, PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, &#39;Heiti TC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">觸</span> </td> <td><span lang="zh-cn" style="font-family: &#39;PingFang SC&#39;, DengXian, &#39;Source Han Sans SC&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans CN&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK SC&#39;, &#39;Microsoft Yahei&#39;, SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, &#39;Heiti SC&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; line-height: 1; font-style: normal;">触</span> </td> <td><span lang="ja" style="font-family: &#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;, Osaka, &#39;Yu Gothic&#39;, Meiryo, &#39;Source Han Sans J&#39;, &#39;Source Han Sans JP&#39;, &#39;Noto Sans CJK JP&#39;, &#39;Droid Sans Japanese&#39;, &#39;MS PGothic&#39;, &#39;MS Gothic&#39;, &#39;MS PMincho&#39;, &#39;MS Mincho&#39;, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif;font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">触</span> </td> <td style="font-size:50%">contacte </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>[a]</sup> Aquesta taula és un simple exemple, no una llista completa </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obres_citades">Obres citades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Obres citades"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Generalitats</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Boltz, William G.. <i>The origin and early development of the Chinese writing system</i>.&#32; New Haven: The American Oriental Society,&#32;1994.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+origin+and+early+development+of+the+Chinese+writing+system&amp;rft.au=Boltz%2C+William+G.&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.pub=New+Haven%3A+The+American+Oriental+Society"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li>Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese Literature, Beginnings Through Western Han", <i>The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature</i>, vol. 1, ed. Stephen Owen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-115.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Keightley, David. <i>Sources of Shang history: the oracle-bone inscriptions of bronze-age China</i>.&#32; Berkeley: University of California Press,&#32;1978.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sources+of+Shang+history%3A+the+oracle-bone+inscriptions+of+bronze-age+China&amp;rft.au=Keightley%2C+David&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.pub=Berkeley%3A+University+of+California+Press"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Norman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Norman (encara no existeix)">Norman, Jerry</a>. <i>Chinese</i>.&#32; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,&#32;1988.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese&amp;rft.au=Norman%2C+Jerry&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Qiú, Xīguī 裘錫圭. <i>Chinese writing</i>.&#32; <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a>: The Society for the Study of Early China and The Institute of East Asian Studies,&#32;2000.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese+writing&amp;rft.au=Qi%C3%BA%2C+X%C4%ABgu%C4%AB+%E8%A3%98%E9%8C%AB%E5%9C%AD&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BUniversity+of+California%2C+Berkeley%7CBerkeley%5D%5D%3A+The+Society+for+the+Study+of+Early+China+and+The+Institute+of+East+Asian+Studies"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> [English translation by Gilbert L. Mattos and Jerry Norman of Wénzìxué Gàiyào 文字學概要, Shangwu, 1988.]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Samuel Wells Williams. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=djnPbjYGHFIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Easy lessons in Chinese: or progressive exercises to facilitate the study of that language</i></a>.&#32; Printed at the Office of the Chinese Repository,&#32;1842&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Easy+lessons+in+Chinese%3A+or+progressive+exercises+to+facilitate+the+study+of+that+language&amp;rft.au=Samuel+Wells+Williams&amp;rft.date=1842&amp;rft.pub=Printed+at+the+Office+of+the+Chinese+Repository&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdjnPbjYGHFIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Herbert Allen Giles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=l3EgAQAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>A Chinese-English dictionary, Volume 1</i></a>.&#32; B. Quaritch,&#32;1892,&#32;p.&#160;1415&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Chinese-English+dictionary%2C+Volume+1&amp;rft.au=Herbert+Allen+Giles&amp;rft.date=1892&amp;rft.pub=B.+Quaritch&amp;rft.pages=1415&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl3EgAQAAMAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">P. Poletti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=f6VBAAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>A Chinese and English dictionary, arranged according to radicals and sub-radicals</i></a>.&#32; Printed at the American Presbyterian mission press,&#32;1896,&#32;p.&#160;307&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Chinese+and+English+dictionary%2C+arranged+according+to+radicals+and+sub-radicals&amp;rft.au=P.+Poletti&amp;rft.date=1896&amp;rft.pub=Printed+at+the+American+Presbyterian+mission+press&amp;rft.pages=307&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df6VBAAAAIAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">William Edward Soothill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=8nwuAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The student's four thousand [characters</i></a><i> and general pocket dictionary</i>]. 2a&#160;edició.&#32; American Presbyterian Mission Press,&#32;1900,&#32;p.&#160;420&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+student%27s+four+thousand+%5Bcharacters%5D+and+general+pocket+dictionary&amp;rft.au=William+Edward+Soothill&amp;rft.date=1900&amp;rft.edition=2a%C2%A0edici%C3%B3&amp;rft.pub=American+Presbyterian+Mission+Press&amp;rft.pages=420&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8nwuAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">John Chalmers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=fBMTAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>An account of the structure of Chinese characters under 300 primary forms: after the Shwoh-wan, 100 A.D., and the phonetic Shwoh-wan, 1833</i></a>.&#32; Trübner &amp; co.,&#32;1882,&#32;p.&#160;199&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+account+of+the+structure+of+Chinese+characters+under+300+primary+forms%3A+after+the+Shwoh-wan%2C+100+A.D.%2C+and+the+phonetic+Shwoh-wan%2C+1833&amp;rft.au=John+Chalmers&amp;rft.date=1882&amp;rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+co.&amp;rft.pages=199&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfBMTAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=rDQrAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Chinese and English dictionary: compiled from reliable authors</i></a>.&#32; American Tract Society,&#32;1893,&#32;p.&#160;348&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese+and+English+dictionary%3A+compiled+from+reliable+authors&amp;rft.date=1893&amp;rft.pub=American+Tract+Society&amp;rft.pages=348&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrDQrAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Joseph Edkins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=_YdBAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Introduction to the study of the Chinese characters</i></a>.&#32; Trübner &amp; co.,&#32;1876,&#32;p.&#160;314&#32;[Consulta: 6 juliol 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+study+of+the+Chinese+characters&amp;rft.au=Joseph+Edkins&amp;rft.date=1876&amp;rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+co.&amp;rft.pages=314&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_YdBAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Kangxi (Emperor of China). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=h380AQAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Chinese and English dictionary: containing all the words in the Chinese imperial dictionary; arranged according to the radicals, Volume 1</i></a>.&#32; Printed at Parapattan,&#32;1842&#32;[Consulta: 15 maig 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chinese+and+English+dictionary%3A+containing+all+the+words+in+the+Chinese+imperial+dictionary%3B+arranged+according+to+the+radicals%2C+Volume+1&amp;rft.au=Kangxi+%28Emperor+of+China%29&amp;rft.date=1842&amp;rft.pub=Printed+at+Parapattan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh380AQAAIAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=s0U9AAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The six scripts</i></a>.&#32; AMOY:&#32;Printed by A. A. Marcal,&#32;1881&#32;[Consulta: 10th of February, 2012].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+six+scripts&amp;rft.date=1881&amp;rft.pub=Printed+by+A.+A.+Marcal&amp;rft.place=AMOY&amp;rft.pages=61&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds0U9AAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span>(Harvard University)(Translated by Lionel Charles Hopkins) (Note:Tond Dai and T'ung Tai are the same person, he was counted as two authors on google books)</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=fkc7AAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The six scripts: or, The principles of Chinese writing</i></a>.&#32; CUP Archive,&#32;1954,&#32;p.&#160;84&#32;[Consulta: 10th of February, 2012].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+six+scripts%3A+or%2C+The+principles+of+Chinese+writing&amp;rft.date=1954&amp;rft.pub=CUP+Archive&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfkc7AAAAIAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span>(Translated by Lionel Charles Hopkins, Walter Perceval Yetts).</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=wCYIywAACAAJ"><i>The Six Scripts Or the Principles of Chinese Writing by Tai Tung: A Translation by L. C. Hopkins, with a Memoir of the Translator by W. Perceval Yetts</i></a>.&#32; Cambridge University Press,&#32;2012,&#32;p.&#160;114. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-107-60515-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-107-60515-6">ISBN 1-107-60515-6</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 10th of February, 2012].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Six+Scripts+Or+the+Principles+of+Chinese+Writing+by+Tai+Tung%3A+A+Translation+by+L.+C.+Hopkins%2C+with+a+Memoir+of+the+Translator+by+W.+Perceval+Yetts&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=1-107-60515-6&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwCYIywAACAAJ"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup>(Translated by L. C. Hopkins).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabets_i_escriptures_del_m%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabets i escriptures del món">Alfabets i escriptures del món</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauletes_de_bamb%C3%BA" title="Tauletes de bambú">Tauletes de bambú</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dicsanend-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dicsanend_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRodríguez_Santidrián1994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rodríguez Santidrián</span>, Pedro. <i>Diccionario de las religiones</i>.&#32; Madrid:&#32;Alianza,&#32;1994,&#32;p.&#160;214. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7838-400-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7838-400-6">ISBN 84-7838-400-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+las+religiones&amp;rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Santidri%C3%A1n&amp;rft.aufirst=Pedro&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.pub=Alianza&amp;rft.place=Madrid&amp;rft.pages=214&amp;rft.isbn=84-7838-400-6"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFolch2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Folch</span>, M. Dolors.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/807738716"><i>La Construcció de la Xina: el període formatiu de la civilització xinesa</i></a>. 1ª ed.&#32; Barcelona:&#32;Empúries,&#32;2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7596-802-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7596-802-3">ISBN 84-7596-802-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Construcci%C3%B3+de+la+Xina%3A+el+per%C3%ADode+formatiu+de+la+civilitzaci%C3%B3+xinesa&amp;rft.aulast=Folch&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+Dolors.&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=1%C2%AA+ed&amp;rft.pub=Emp%C3%BAries&amp;rft.place=Barcelona&amp;rft.isbn=84-7596-802-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F807738716"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRamsey1987"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ramsey</span>, S. Robert. <i>The Languages of China</i>.&#32; Princeton University Press,&#32;1987,&#32;p.&#160;147. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-691-01468-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-691-01468-5">ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Languages+of+China&amp;rft.aulast=Ramsey&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+Robert&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.pages=147&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-01468-5"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escriptura_xinesa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box 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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/visible/index.html">Història de l'escriptura xinesa</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chineseetymology.org/">Etimologies dels caràcters xinesos</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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