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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Industrial age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Nazi Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post–World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boroughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Boroughs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Population development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_rail_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_rail_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>National rail links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_rail_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_rail_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_rail_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Regional rail links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_rail_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport_in_Darmstadt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport_in_Darmstadt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Public transport in Darmstadt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport_in_Darmstadt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_coach_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_coach_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>National coach services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_coach_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks,_architecture,_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks,_architecture,_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Parks, architecture, and attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parks,_architecture,_and_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parks, architecture, and attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parks,_architecture,_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Castles_and_historical_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castles_and_historical_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Castles and historical buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castles_and_historical_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Modern architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_Nouveau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_Nouveau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Art Nouveau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_Nouveau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Squares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Squares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Squares</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Squares-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TU_Darmstadt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TU_Darmstadt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>TU Darmstadt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TU_Darmstadt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hochschule_Darmstadt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hochschule_Darmstadt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Hochschule Darmstadt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hochschule_Darmstadt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EHD_Darmstadt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EHD_Darmstadt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.3</span> <span>EHD Darmstadt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EHD_Darmstadt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Ice hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>American football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_military_presence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_military_presence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>United States military presence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_military_presence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourist_sights_in_Darmstadt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_sights_in_Darmstadt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Tourist sights in Darmstadt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourist_sights_in_Darmstadt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourist sights in Darmstadt subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourist_sights_in_Darmstadt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Darmstadt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darm%C5%9Ftadt" title="Darmştadt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Darmştadt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Дармштат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дармштат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Дармштат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дармштат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Дармщат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дармщат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt_Darmstadt" title="Kreisfreie Stadt Darmstadt – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kreisfreie Stadt Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84" title="Ντάρμστατ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντάρμστατ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%A6%84%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%ED%8A%B8" title="다름슈타트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다름슈타트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%BF" title="Դարմշտադտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դարմշտադտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%93%D7%98" title="דרמשטאדט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרמשטאדט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დარმშტადტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დარმშტადტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadium" title="Darmstadium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Darmstadium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tate" title="Darmštate – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Darmštate" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatas" title="Darmštatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Darmštatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Дармштат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дармштат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="डार्मश्टाट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डार्मश्टाट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ダルムシュタット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダルムシュタット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%B9" title="ڈارمشتاڈٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈارمشتاڈٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmshtadi" title="Darmshtadi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Darmshtadi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt_(mesto)" title="Darmstadt (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Darmstadt (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Дармштат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дармштат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97" title="ดาร์มชตัท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาร์มชตัท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дармштадт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дармштадт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دارمشتات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دارمشتات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tadt" title="Darmštadt – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Darmštadt" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="达姆施塔特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="达姆施塔特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9" title="達斯泰特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="達斯泰特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Darmstadt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="达姆施塔特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="达姆施塔特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Darmstadt&params=49_52_20_N_8_39_10_E_type:city(162243)_region:DE-HE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°52′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°39′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.87222°N 8.65278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.87222; 8.65278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Hesse, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Darmstadt (disambiguation)">Darmstadt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadt" class="extiw" title="de:Darmstadt">the corresponding article</a> in German</b>.  <i><small>(July 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important 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If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Darmstadt]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Darmstadt}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Darmstadt" title="Talk:Darmstadt">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Hesse, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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.ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Darmstadt </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luisenplatz,_Darmstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Luisenplatz%2C_Darmstadt.jpg/268px-Luisenplatz%2C_Darmstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Luisenplatz%2C_Darmstadt.jpg/402px-Luisenplatz%2C_Darmstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Luisenplatz%2C_Darmstadt.jpg/536px-Luisenplatz%2C_Darmstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="1992" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Central Darmstadt in January 2005</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg/132px-Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg/198px-Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg/264px-Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4657" data-file-height="3111" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Residential_Palace_Darmstadt" title="Residential Palace Darmstadt">Residential Palace</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg/132px-Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg/198px-Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg/264px-Merck_KGaA_Pyramide_Gruener_Turm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Merck_Group" title="Merck Group">Merck Group</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg/124px-171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg/186px-171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg/248px-171231_Darmstadt_Ludwigsh%C3%B6hstr._3_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bessungen" title="Bessungen">Bessungen</a> old town</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_(12052189474).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/250px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/330px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">European Space Operations Centre</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG/268px-Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG/402px-Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG/536px-Mathildenh%C3%B6he_-_Darmstadt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">UNESCO World Heritage Site Artists' Colony</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Darmstadt"><img alt="Flag of Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg/100px-Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg/150px-Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg/200px-Hissflagge_der_Stadt_Darmstadt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="425" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Darmstadt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Darmstadt"><img alt="Coat of arms of Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Wappen_Darmstadt.svg/54px-Wappen_Darmstadt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Wappen_Darmstadt.svg/81px-Wappen_Darmstadt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Wappen_Darmstadt.svg/109px-Wappen_Darmstadt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843" /><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:0.2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="height:auto; padding:0.1em; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:1.5em;">Location of Darmstadt within Hessen</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hessen_DA.png/181px-Hessen_DA.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hessen_DA.png/271px-Hessen_DA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hessen_DA.png/362px-Hessen_DA.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="957" usemap="#ImageMap_36642622af7a6b90" resource="/wiki/File:Hessen_DA.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_36642622af7a6b90"><area href="/wiki/Erzhausen" shape="poly" coords="31,21,28,21,28,20,30,20,31,18,31,18,33,17,35,18,36,17,38,18,39,19,39,18,40,18,40,19,42,20,44,21,45,21,45,21,47,22,48,23,51,23,52,23,53,23,53,24,52,26,50,26,48,27,46,25,45,26,43,26,41,26,39,27,39,27,38,28,37,26,35,25,34,25,33,25,34,23,34,23,32,22" alt="Erzhausen" title="Erzhausen" /><area href="/wiki/Weiterstadt" shape="poly" coords="30,22,33,22,34,24,33,25,36,25,37,26,37,26,38,26,38,28,38,28,38,29,39,29,40,29,40,30,39,31,37,31,37,33,37,34,38,35,38,36,38,37,37,38,36,38,35,40,37,40,37,39,38,40,39,41,39,42,39,44,38,44,40,45,40,46,40,46,40,47,38,48,37,47,37,49,36,49,35,50,35,50,34,51,32,51,31,52,30,53,29,57,29,60,28,60,29,61,30,53,28,53,26,53,25,53,23,53,22,52,20,52,19,53,17,52,18,51,17,50,17,47,16,47,16,46,15,45,15,43,14,43,13,41,13,37,15,36,17,36,19,36,20,36,20,33,20,31,19,31,18,29,18,27,21,27,22,27,23,26,24,27,25,26,24,25,24,23,25,22,24,22" alt="Weiterstadt" title="Weiterstadt" /><area href="/wiki/Griesheim,_Hesse" shape="poly" coords="17,53,19,53,22,53,24,53,26,54,30,53,30,54,30,57,29,60,29,62,28,62,25,63,25,64,24,64,23,65,20,66,19,67,16,66,19,69,16,70,17,75,17,77,16,77,13,77,12,77,10,74,7,70,7,67,6,65,5,62,3,60,3,58,5,57,7,57,10,55,13,54,14,54,14,53,16,53,18,53" alt="Griesheim" title="Griesheim" /><area href="/wiki/Pfungstadt" shape="poly" coords="16,101,20,99,23,100,26,101,30,101,32,100,36,100,40,97,43,95,45,92,45,90,44,88,42,88,42,87,38,86,39,85,37,83,36,84,36,82,36,81,34,77,33,73,31,72,29,72,27,72,26,73,24,73,21,74,17,75,17,77,15,77,12,77,13,79,12,80,12,83,11,83,10,84,12,86,12,88,11,88,11,89,8,90,9,92,9,95,8,97,9,98,12,98,13,98,12,100,11,102,12,102,15,101,16,101,17,102,16,102,17,101" alt="Pfungstadt" title="Pfungstadt" /><area href="/wiki/Bickenbach,_Hesse" shape="poly" coords="17,101,20,99,22,100,25,101,30,101,32,101,35,100,36,103,38,106,37,109,36,111,34,112,29,110,25,110,24,108,25,106,20,105,17,103,16,103,17,102" alt="Bickenbach" title="Bickenbach" /><area href="/wiki/Alsbach-H%C3%A4hnlein" shape="poly" coords="16,103,20,105,25,106,23,107,24,109,27,110,33,112,34,112,36,111,39,112,41,114,44,116,44,116,43,119,41,121,38,119,36,119,35,118,35,117,32,117,32,118,30,118,29,118,27,117,25,119,23,120,21,120,21,120,20,119,17,120,16,120,16,118,15,116,15,114,15,110,14,107,14,105" alt="Alsbach-Hähnlein" title="Alsbach-Hähnlein" /><area href="/wiki/Seeheim-Jugenheim" shape="poly" coords="45,90,46,90,48,89,49,90,48,92,50,92,49,93,51,93,51,94,51,97,50,98,52,99,54,100,56,99,58,99,60,99,59,98,60,98,62,98,63,98,62,101,63,103,64,106,63,108,61,109,59,110,57,111,56,112,56,115,56,116,57,117,57,118,55,119,53,120,50,119,46,121,43,120,43,119,44,117,43,115,41,112,38,111,37,110,38,107,37,103,36,100,38,99,41,97,45,94,45,92,45,90" alt="Seeheim-Jugenheim" title="Seeheim-Jugenheim" /><area href="/wiki/Modautal" shape="poly" coords="63,107,64,106,63,104,62,101,63,97,65,96,66,96,67,95,69,98,70,99,74,98,77,97,77,98,79,98,81,97,82,94,84,94,86,95,87,94,88,95,87,96,89,97,90,99,90,100,89,102,89,103,89,105,89,107,87,108,88,109,89,111,91,114,91,116,92,118,91,118,89,120,87,121,86,119,83,119,81,120,78,121,77,122,75,121,73,120,73,118,71,117,70,115,68,113,67,113,65,113,64,112,63,110" alt="Modautal" title="Modautal" /><area href="/wiki/M%C3%BChltal" shape="poly" coords="60,69,63,69,67,68,70,69,69,70,68,71,69,71,65,75,68,78,68,80,65,82,68,83,69,84,68,86,69,86,68,88,67,89,67,91,68,93,67,94,66,95,65,97,64,96,62,97,61,98,59,98,60,100,58,99,55,100,53,100,50,99,50,97,51,96,51,94,49,93,48,91,50,91,49,89,49,87,51,86,52,86,54,86,55,85,54,84,53,83,53,82,54,81,56,80,56,79,54,79,53,78,54,77,53,76,54,75,53,73,56,71,59,69" alt="Mühltal" title="Mühltal" /><area href="/wiki/Ober-Ramstadt" shape="poly" coords="60,69,62,67,64,66,66,64,68,62,71,61,71,64,72,66,76,66,78,68,79,68,81,68,85,67,88,67,91,67,90,70,91,73,92,76,93,77,92,78,92,80,94,85,95,87,95,89,94,91,91,92,90,92,88,94,86,95,83,95,82,95,80,98,78,98,76,97,73,98,70,99,69,97,67,95,68,93,67,90,68,88,69,85,66,83,69,80,69,78,66,75,68,73,69,72,69,71,71,70,70,69,67,69" alt="Ober-Ramstadt" title="Ober-Ramstadt" /><area href="/wiki/Messel" shape="poly" coords="71,22,72,21,75,21,78,22,80,24,81,25,83,25,86,26,89,27,91,26,93,27,93,28,91,29,90,31,89,33,87,36,86,40,84,42,83,45,82,48,77,46,79,45,78,43,78,41,76,39,75,37,76,37,76,34,74,31,74,30,73,27,74,27,73,23,71,22,73,21" alt="Messel" title="Messel" /><area href="/wiki/Eppertshausen" shape="poly" coords="81,25,84,24,86,23,88,21,89,20,93,21,93,23,95,22,98,23,99,26,102,25,106,24,109,23,111,22,113,20,117,19,120,22,123,26,124,28,121,30,118,27,115,28,113,29,112,28,110,28,108,29,104,29,104,28,99,29,94,28" alt="Eppertshausen" title="Eppertshausen" /><area href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster,_Hesse" shape="poly" coords="86,39,88,34,91,29,94,29,99,28,104,28,105,29,107,28,109,29,110,28,111,29,113,28,113,29,117,27,120,30,121,32,123,33,123,33,124,34,129,33,130,36,132,36,131,38,134,39,133,40,132,42,129,42,129,41,125,41,123,41,120,43,117,43,119,42,118,39,115,40,113,39,110,36,110,35,110,35,99,36" alt="Münster" title="Münster" /><area href="/wiki/Dieburg" shape="poly" coords="86,39,83,44,97,49,101,48,102,50,101,51,103,53,106,53,107,52,109,53,110,54,112,54,112,52,115,50,116,49,115,48,116,44,117,43,119,41,118,38,115,40,112,39,110,36,110,35,109,35,100,36,94,36" alt="Dieburg" title="Dieburg" /><area href="/wiki/Ro%C3%9Fdorf" shape="poly" coords="76,49,80,50,85,52,91,54,94,55,97,54,97,56,98,58,96,59,95,62,94,62,94,64,94,65,91,66,89,68,86,67,84,67,81,68,79,68,77,67,75,66,73,66,71,66,71,63,72,60,72,59,71,58,72,56,71,55,71,54,71,53" alt="Roßdorf" title="Roßdorf" /><area href="/wiki/Fischbachtal" shape="poly" 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coords="117,18,122,17,128,18,132,14,134,13,137,10,139,8,141,7,143,3,148,4,153,5,156,5,162,5,166,6,167,9,167,14,168,19,169,22,166,24,163,24,161,27,153,29,150,27,148,28,149,30,154,31,153,35,152,37,150,38,148,36,147,37,145,38,145,40,143,39,138,41,137,39,133,40,133,39,132,38,132,37,130,36,129,33,124,34,123,33,120,31,124,28,117,19" alt="Babenhausen" title="Babenhausen" /><area href="/wiki/Darmstadt" shape="poly" coords="53,23,58,25,68,23,71,23,74,27,73,28,74,30,74,32,76,34,74,37,78,41,79,45,76,48,75,49,71,53,71,55,72,58,73,59,72,61,67,63,65,65,59,69,53,73,54,77,53,78,56,80,52,82,55,85,54,86,52,85,48,88,47,90,45,90,44,88,42,88,38,87,39,85,36,83,33,73,26,72,20,74,18,75,16,69,19,70,17,67,19,67,19,66,23,65,29,62,29,60,30,52,35,51,37,48,41,46,39,44,40,41,38,39,36,40,36,38,38,38,39,35,37,32,40,30,40,28,39,28,40,27,43,27,46,26,50,26,54,23" alt="Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt" /><area href="/wiki/Bavaria" shape="poly" coords="172,0,177,5,175,8,171,8,168,4,165,7,167,9,169,22,168,26,172,34,169,41,174,55,178,59,173,60,174,64,174,70,180,72,184,74,184,0" alt="Bavaria" title="Bavaria" /><area href="/wiki/Odenwaldkreis" shape="poly" coords="94,125,91,121,95,115,99,114,110,103,114,94,116,92,117,90,119,89,120,90,120,93,128,92,128,93,133,94,135,90,137,89,139,90,141,89,144,89,142,91,143,92,145,90,150,91,150,83,153,80,158,79,166,73,163,65,168,65,173,65,173,70,184,74,184,125" alt="Odenwaldkreis" title="Odenwaldkreis" /><area href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_(district)" shape="poly" coords="93,125,91,121,94,118,95,115,93,115,93,118,91,118,87,120,85,119,78,122,74,121,70,114,66,113,63,109,63,108,56,112,58,118,53,120,50,119,46,121,43,119,41,120,32,117,31,118,30,118,28,116,25,119,16,120,15,119,11,122,11,124,10,124,9,121,0,121,0,124" alt="Bergstraße (district)" title="Bergstraße (district)" /><area href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau_(district)" shape="poly" coords="0,120,7,121,10,124,10,122,15,118,14,105,16,103,17,101,12,102,13,98,8,97,8,90,12,88,12,85,10,83,11,78,3,60,4,57,14,54,15,53,18,53,14,44,13,36,16,35,19,35,19,31,18,31,18,27,25,26,23,23,23,21,30,21,31,18,36,17,40,16,35,7,31,0,0,0" alt="Groß-Gerau (district)" title="Groß-Gerau (district)" /><area href="/wiki/Offenbach_(district)" shape="poly" coords="31,0,32,5,37,9,40,16,36,17,42,20,49,23,53,23,59,25,71,22,73,21,77,20,77,20,81,25,90,20,98,23,100,26,111,22,112,20,121,17,129,17,131,14,134,13,139,8,141,8,143,1,142,0" alt="Offenbach (district)" title="Offenbach (district)" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darmstadt is located in Germany"><img alt="Darmstadt is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.174%;left:31.528%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Darmstadt"><img alt="Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Darmstadt </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hesse_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darmstadt is located in Hesse"><img alt="Darmstadt is located in Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/250px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/375px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/500px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:77.239%;left:38.54%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Darmstadt"><img alt="Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Darmstadt </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Hesse</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Darmstadt&params=49_52_20_N_8_39_10_E_type:city(162243)_region:DE-HE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°52′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°39′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.87222°N 8.65278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.87222; 8.65278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(region)" title="Darmstadt (region)">Darmstadt </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">9 boroughs</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2023–29) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Hanno Benz<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">122.23 km<sup>2</sup> (47.19 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">144 m (472 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">162,243</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,300/km<sup>2</sup> (3,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">64283–64297</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">06151, 06150</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DA</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/">darmstadt.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">(ii)(iv)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">2021</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1614">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg/220px-Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg/330px-Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg/440px-Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="2049" /></a><figcaption>Landmark of Darmstadt: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hochzeitsturm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hochzeitsturm (page does not exist)">Hochzeitsturm</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochzeitsturm" class="extiw" title="de:Hochzeitsturm">de</a>]</span> ("Wedding Tower"), built in 1908 in <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Jugendstil</a> architecture</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Darmstadt</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈdaʁmʃtat]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e0\/De-Darmstadt.ogg\/De-Darmstadt.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Darmstadt.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/De-Darmstadt.ogg/De-Darmstadt.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Darmstadt.ogg" title="File:De-Darmstadt.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> in Germany, located in the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine_Main_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Rhine Main Area">Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region)</a>. Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest city in the state of Hesse after <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>. </p><p>Darmstadt holds the official title "City of Science" (German: <i lang="de">Wissenschaftsstadt</i>) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The <a href="/wiki/European_Organisation_for_the_Exploitation_of_Meteorological_Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites">European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites</a> (EUMETSAT) and the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">European Space Operations Centre</a> (ESA ESOC) are located in Darmstadt, as well as <a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Schwerionenforschung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung">GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research</a>, where several chemical elements such as <a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">bohrium</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">meitnerium</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">hassium</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">darmstadtium</a> (1994), <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">roentgenium</a> (1994), and <a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">copernicium</a> (1996) were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of the following elements was also confirmed at <a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Schwerionenforschung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung">GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">nihonium</a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">flerovium</a> (2009), <a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">moscovium</a> (2012), <a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">livermorium</a> (2010), and <a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">tennessine</a> (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Facility_for_Antiproton_and_Ion_Research" title="Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research">Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research</a> (FAIR) is an international accelerator facility under construction. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, <a href="/wiki/Merck_Group" title="Merck Group">Merck</a>, which is the city's largest employer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg/220px-P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg/330px-P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg/440px-P2250381_Darmstadt_in_Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>View across Darmstadt towards the Frankfurt skyline</figcaption></figure> <p>The Mathildenhöhe, including the <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Darmstadt artists' colony</a>, a major centre of the <a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a> artistic movement, referring both to the group of artists active in the city in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as the buildings which they designed, together with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt" title="Russian Chapel in Darmstadt">Russian Chapel in Darmstadt</a>, were recognized as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by UNESCO in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign state, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a> and its successor, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_State_of_Hesse" title="People's State of Hesse">People's State of Hesse</a>, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a>, the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. In the 20th century, industry (especially chemicals), as well as large science and electronics (and later, information technology) sectors became increasingly important, and are still a major part of the city's economy. It is also home to the football club <a href="/wiki/SV_Darmstadt_98" title="SV Darmstadt 98">SV Darmstadt 98</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Maria_Alexandrovna_(Marie_of_Hesse)" title="Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)">Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a>, who were related, were born in this city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg/220px-Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg/330px-Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg/440px-Darmstadt_in_1626_Thesaurus_Philopoliticus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Darmstadt in 1626</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg/220px-Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg/330px-Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg/440px-Darmstadt_um_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3501" data-file-height="2531" /></a><figcaption>The 'Schlossplatz', a market square in front of the Ducal Palace around 1900: one of the few areas to survive in similar style after World War II</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, then as <i>Darmundestat</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-AKTUELLES_9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKTUELLES_9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Darmstadt was chartered as a city by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Ludwig the Bavarian</a> in 1330, at which time it belonged to the counts of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Katzenelnbogen" title="County of Katzenelnbogen">Katzenelnbogen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FACTS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACTS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city, then called <i>Darmstait</i>, became a secondary residence for the counts, with a small castle established at the site of the current, much larger edifice.<sup id="cite_ref-HISTKatz1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HISTKatz1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the house of Katzenelnbogen became extinct in 1479, the city was passed to the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Landgraviate of Hesse</a>, and was seat of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">landgraves</a> (1567–1806) and thereafter (to 1918) of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">grand dukes of Hesse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HISTKatz2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HISTKatz2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (June 2023)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_age">Industrial age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Industrial age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg/220px-Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg/330px-Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg/440px-Luisenplatz_Darmstadt_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Darmstadt in 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's population grew during the 19th century, from a little over 10,000, to 72,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-darmstadt-history_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-darmstadt-history-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A polytechnical school, which later became a Technical University now known as <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt University of Technology">TU Darmstadt</a>, was established in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-tu-darmstadt_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu-darmstadt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 20th century, Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of <a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a>, the German variant of <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AKTUELLES_5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKTUELLES_5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist <a href="/wiki/Anton_Kollisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Kollisch">Anton Kollisch</a>, working for the pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Merck_KGaA" class="mw-redirect" title="Merck KGaA">Merck</a>, first synthesised the chemical <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> (ecstasy) in Darmstadt.<sup id="cite_ref-dw.com_2006_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw.com_2006-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darmstadt's municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen<sup id="cite_ref-ARHEILGEN.de_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARHEILGEN.de-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Eberstadt,<sup id="cite_ref-Darmstadt_2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darmstadt_2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district (<i>Kreis</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Landesgeschichtliches_Informationssystem_Hessen_(LAGIS)_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landesgeschichtliches_Informationssystem_Hessen_(LAGIS)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazi_Germany">Nazi Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nazi Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darmstadt was the first city in Germany to force Jewish shops to close in early 1933, shortly after the Nazis took power in Germany. The shops were only closed for one day, for "endangering communal order and tranquility".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, over 3,000 Jews from Darmstadt were first forced into a collection camp located in the Liebigschule, and later deported to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a><sup id="cite_ref-HIST_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HIST-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where most eventually died. In 1944, the city was also the location of a subcamp of the <a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof_concentration_camp" title="Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp">Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several prominent members of the German resistance movement against the Nazis were citizens of Darmstadt, including <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Leuschner" title="Wilhelm Leuschner">Wilhelm Leuschner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Haubach" title="Theodor Haubach">Theodor Haubach</a>, both executed for their opposition to Hitler's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-AKTUELLES_33_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKTUELLES_33-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AKTUELLES_34_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKTUELLES_34-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Darmstadt was first bombed on 30 July 1940, and 34 other air raids would follow before the war's end. The old city centre was largely destroyed in a <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darmstadt_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Darmstadt in World War II">British bombing raid</a> on 11/12 September 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-AKTUELLES_35_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKTUELLES_35-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This attack was an example of "area bombing" using high explosive and incendiary bombs, which combined in that attack to create a firestorm, a self-sustaining combustion process in which winds generated by the fire ensure it continues to burn until everything possible has been consumed.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeitgeschichte_in_Hessen_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeitgeschichte_in_Hessen-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this attack, an estimated 11,000 to 12,500 of the inhabitants were killed, and 66,000 to 70,000 were left homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-HIST_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HIST-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over three-quarters of Darmstadt's inner city was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-war rebuilding was done in a relatively plain architectural style, although a number of the historic buildings were rebuilt to their original appearance following the city's capture on 25 March 1945 by the American <a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th Armored Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Darmstadt_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darmstadt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frankfurter_Rundschau_2005_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frankfurter_Rundschau_2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today around 30% of Darmstadt consists of buildings from before World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–World_War_II"><span id="Post.E2.80.93World_War_II"></span>Post–World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post–World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Darmstadt became home to many technology companies and research institutes, and has been promoting itself as a "city of science" since 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-FAZ_2022_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAZ_2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is well known as a high-tech centre in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt International Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a>, with important activities in spacecraft operations (the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">European Space Operations Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Organisation_for_the_Exploitation_of_Meteorological_Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites">European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites</a>), chemistry, pharmacy, information technology, biotechnology, telecommunications (substantial <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> presence) and mechatronics.<sup id="cite_ref-FAZ_2022_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAZ_2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, its region also scored Rank 3 amongst 97 German regions in the <i><a href="/wiki/WirtschaftsWoche" class="mw-redirect" title="WirtschaftsWoche">WirtschaftsWoche</a></i> test ranking Germany's high-tech regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FACTS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACTS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The roots of <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences">Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences</a> goes back to 1876<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a> (the first electrical engineering chair and inventions fame), when both these Universities were an integrated entities, a need for a separate industry based research educational institution was felt in the early 1930s, finally University of Applied sciences emerged as a separate industry based research educational institution in 1971 and is the largest <a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">University of Applied Sciences</a> in Hesse (German: <a href="/wiki/Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>) with about 16,500 students.<sup id="cite_ref-Caspar_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caspar-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt University of Technology">TU Darmstadt</a> is one of the important technical institutes in Germany and is well known for its research and teaching in the Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering disciplines.<sup id="cite_ref-Diez-Holz_2018_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diez-Holz_2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with other tertiary institutions, the TU is responsible for the large student population of the city, which stood at 33,547 in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-FACTS_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACTS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boroughs">Boroughs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Boroughs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg/220px-Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg/330px-Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg/440px-Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Karolinenplatz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg/170px-Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg/255px-Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg/340px-Darmstadt_Blick_auf_Rheinstra%C3%9Fe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Rheinstrasse in central Darmstadt</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt has nine official 'Stadtteile' (<a href="/wiki/Boroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="Boroughs">boroughs</a>). These are:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Arheilgen" title="Darmstadt-Arheilgen">Darmstadt-Arheilgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Bessungen" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt-Bessungen">Darmstadt-Bessungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Eberstadt" title="Darmstadt-Eberstadt">Darmstadt-Eberstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Kranichstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt-Kranichstein">Darmstadt-Kranichstein</a></li> <li>Darmstadt-Mitte ("Central Darmstadt")</li> <li>Darmstadt-Nord ("North")</li> <li>Darmstadt-Ost ("East")</li> <li>Darmstadt-West</li> <li>Darmstadt-<a href="/wiki/Wixhausen" title="Wixhausen">Wixhausen</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_development">Population development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,883</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+65.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,381</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">93,222</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,539</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−25.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,306</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+77.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">137,018</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">138,920</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">138,242</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">144,402</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">159,174</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-statistik._hessen.de_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik._hessen.de-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Nationality </th> <th>Population (31 December 2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>4,308 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>2,422 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1,836 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>1,784 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>1,715 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>1,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>1,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>1,138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1,078 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>1,034 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current mayor of Darmstadt is Hanno Benz of <a href="/wiki/SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">SPD</a>, who was elected in 2023. </p><p>The following is a list of mayors since 1945: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Term of office</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td>1945–1950</td> <td>Ludwig Metzger (1902–1993)</td> <td>SPD </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951–1971</td> <td>Ludwig Engel (1906–1975)</td> <td>SPD </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971–1981</td> <td>Heinz Winfried Sabais (1922–1981)</td> <td>SPD </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981–1993</td> <td>Günther Metzger (1933–2013)</td> <td>SPD </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993–2005</td> <td>Peter Benz (born 1942)</td> <td>SPD </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–2011</td> <td>Walter Hoffmann (born 1952)</td> <td>SPD </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–2023</td> <td>Jochen Partsch (born 1962)</td> <td>Greens </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023–present</td> <td>Hanno Benz</td> <td>SPD </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg/220px-Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg/330px-Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg/440px-Darmstadt_city_council_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">Left</a>: 5 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B5152B; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">PARTEI</a>: 2 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#448581; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> UFFBASSE: 5 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>: 12 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a>: 20 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#502379; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt</a>: 5 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A037A0; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> UWiGA: 2 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#556B2F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> WGD: 1 seat<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F7A800; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FW</a>: 1 seat<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFED00; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a>: 4 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#151518; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>: 11 seats<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A2DE; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a>: 3 seats</figcaption></figure> <p>The Darmstadt city council (<i>Stadtverordnetenversammlung</i>) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Darmstadt_3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darmstadt_3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td align="left">Hildegard Förster-Heldmann </td> <td>1,151,498 </td> <td>27.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.3 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td align="left">Tim Huß </td> <td>703,686 </td> <td>16.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.5 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td align="left">Paul Georg Wandrey </td> <td>654,797 </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.6 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Linke</i></span>) </td> <td align="left">Karl-Heinz Böck </td> <td>310,074 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td align="left">Nicolas Kämmerer </td> <td>289,023 </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>5 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#448581"> </td> <td align="left">UFFBASSE </td> <td align="left">Kerstin Lau </td> <td>269,301 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td align="left">Leif Blum </td> <td>234,121 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td align="left">Günter Zabel </td> <td>191,982 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.6 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#A037A0"> </td> <td align="left">UWiGA </td> <td align="left">Erich Bauer </td> <td>130,867 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (PARTEI) </td> <td align="left">Holger Eisenblätter </td> <td>90,254 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#556B2F"> </td> <td align="left">Voters' Association of Darmstadt (WGD) </td> <td align="left">Falk Neumann </td> <td>85,320 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (FW) </td> <td align="left">Harald Uhl </td> <td>79,293 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Take Part in Darmstadt </td> <td align="left">Dorothea Mondry </td> <td>13,680 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>60,815 </th> <th>96.6 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>2,141 </th> <th>3.4 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>62,956 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>71 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>115,119 </th> <th>54.7 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.9 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlen.statistik.hessen.de/k_2021/html/Gemeindewahl/VG411000">Statistics Hesse</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darmstadt is connected to a number of major roads, including two <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahnen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_5" title="Bundesautobahn 5">Bundesautobahn 5</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_67" title="Bundesautobahn 67">Bundesautobahn 67</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The main road passing west–east is the <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_26" title="Bundesstraße 26">Bundesstraße 26</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_3" title="Bundesstraße 3">Bundesstraße 3</a> runs north–south. The rural areas east of the city in the <a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a> are accessed by several secondary roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_rail_links">National rail links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National rail links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg/220px-Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg/330px-Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg/440px-Hauptbahnhof_Darmstadt_260-62-ftmh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2355" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption>Hauptbahnhof Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt is connected to the rest of Germany and Europe through its main railway station, <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Hauptbahnhof" title="Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof">Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof</a>, which is located in the western part of the city centre. The station is part of the <a href="/wiki/Intercity-Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">Intercity-Express</a> network and also served by other long-distance trains. It is a busy station with 12 platforms and serves as a <a href="/wiki/Transportation_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation hub">transportation hub</a> for the southern Hesse/<a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a> region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_rail_links">Regional rail links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Regional rail links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Hauptbahnhof" title="Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof">Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof</a> is the terminus of <a href="/wiki/S6_(Rhine-Main_S-Bahn)" title="S6 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)">S6</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">Rhine-Main S-Bahn</a>, which connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>. Within Darmstadt the S6 also stops at stations in <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Arheilgen" title="Darmstadt-Arheilgen">Darmstadt-Arheilgen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Wixhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt-Wixhausen">Darmstadt-Wixhausen</a>. Regional trains also connect six secondary railway stations within Darmstadt, and stations in the surrounding region, with <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Hauptbahnhof" title="Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof">Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport_in_Darmstadt">Public transport in Darmstadt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Public transport in Darmstadt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg/220px-HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg/330px-HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg/440px-HEAG_0777_am_Schloss_101_2987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Tram near the <a href="/wiki/Residential_Palace_Darmstadt" title="Residential Palace Darmstadt">Schloss</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Darmstadt" title="Trams in Darmstadt">Trams in Darmstadt</a></div> <p>The extensive public transport system of Darmstadt is integrated in the <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund" title="Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund">RMV</a> (the transportation authority of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine_Main_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Rhine Main Area">Rhein-Main Metropolitan Area</a>). The backbone of public transport in Darmstadt is the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Darmstadt" title="Trams in Darmstadt">tram system</a> with 10 lines. Local bus lines also serve all parts of the city and the city is served by regional bus lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historically important local airfield <a href="/wiki/Griesheim_Airport" title="Griesheim Airport">August Euler Airfield</a> is closed to aviation at large, being reserved for the use of the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a>. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt International Airport">Frankfurt International Airport</a></b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg/220px-Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg/330px-Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg/440px-Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption>Airliner bus connection Darmstadt to Frankfurt Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt can be easily accessed from around the world via Frankfurt Airport (<i>Flughafen Frankfurt am Main</i>) which is located 20 km (12 mi) north of central Darmstadt and connected to it via <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a> 5, <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a>, several bus lines and a direct express bus-link ("<i>Airliner</i>"). The airport ranks among the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">world's busiest airports by passenger traffic</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_cargo_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by cargo traffic">second-busiest airport by cargo traffic</a> in Europe. The airport also serves as the main hub for German <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport" title="Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport">Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport</a></b></li></ul> <p>Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport (<i>Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach</i>) is a busy <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airport located 5 km north of Darmstadt, near the town of <a href="/wiki/Egelsbach" title="Egelsbach">Egelsbach</a>. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Hahn_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Hahn Airport">Frankfurt Hahn Airport</a></b></li></ul> <p>Despite the name, Frankfurt Hahn Airport (<i>Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn</i>) is located far outside the Frankfurt Metro Area, approximately 120 km (75 mi) to the west in <a href="/wiki/Lautzenhausen" title="Lautzenhausen">Lautzenhausen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>). Hahn Airport is a major base for <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>. This airport can only be reached by car or bus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_coach_services">National coach services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: National coach services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darmstadt is served by several national and European bus links which connect Darmstadt with other German and European cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks,_architecture,_and_attractions"><span id="Parks.2C_architecture.2C_and_attractions"></span>Parks, architecture, and attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parks, architecture, and attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castles_and_historical_buildings">Castles and historical buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Castles and historical buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 350px;"><div class="center" style="font-weight:bold">City Centre Darmstadt</div><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 300px; width: 350px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 350px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="350" data-height="300" data-zoom="16" data-lat="49.87377" data-lon="8.65514" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/49.87377/8.65514/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,16,49.87377,8.65514,350x300.png?lang=en" width="350" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,16,49.87377,8.65514,350x300@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: -25px; left: 0px; width: 350px; height: 350px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 143px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 282px; left: 337px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 282px; left: 240px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 256px; left: 288.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 255.875px; left: 334px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> 100m<br />110yds</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 18.816529452279px; left: 80.127189814451px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #165916; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 19.816529452279px; left: 98.627189814451px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 18.816529452279px; left: 87.627189814451px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">11</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 235.29585432917px; left: 170.78822403934px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #777755; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 236.29585432917px; left: 189.28822403934px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 235.29585432917px; left: 178.28822403934px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">10</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 64.008599192897px; left: 149.17989463857px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #777755; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 65.008599192897px; left: 167.67989463857px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 64.008599192897px; left: 156.67989463857px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">9</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 139.81334875525px; left: 97.97754888467px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #777755; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 140.81334875525px; left: 116.47754888467px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 139.81334875525px; left: 105.47754888467px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">8</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 204.68342469776px; left: 14.362709029624px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #777755; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 205.68342469776px; left: 32.862709029624px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 204.68342469776px; left: 21.862709029624px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">7</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 262.26372652931px; left: 203.2007181404px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #5581A9; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 263.26372652931px; left: 221.7007181404px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 262.26372652931px; left: 210.7007181404px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">6</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 98.26671704005px; left: 259.10052680755px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #5581A9; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 99.26671704005px; left: 277.60052680755px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 98.26671704005px; left: 266.60052680755px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">5</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 29.750147918859px; left: 237.02245111552px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #5581A9; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 30.750147918859px; left: 255.52245111552px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 29.750147918859px; left: 244.52245111552px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">4</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 29.750147918859px; left: 237.02245111552px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/TU_Darmstadt" title="TU Darmstadt"><img alt="Audimax TU Darmstadt (largest lecture hall)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 24.647796860539px; left: 160.92355192152px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #5581A9; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 25.647796860539px; left: 179.42355192152px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 24.647796860539px; left: 168.42355192152px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">3</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 54.532890709204px; left: 84.824652727709px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #5581A9; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 55.532890709204px; left: 103.32465272771px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 54.532890709204px; left: 92.324652727709px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">2</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 54.532890709204px; left: 84.824652727709px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt" title="Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt"><img alt="Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 156.57764024036px; left: 167.5px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #5581A9; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 157.57764024036px; left: 186px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 156.57764024036px; left: 175px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">1</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 156.57764024036px; left: 167.5px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Residential_Palace_Darmstadt" title="Residential Palace Darmstadt"><img alt="Residential Palace Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 314px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:City_Centre_Darmstadt_Map" title="Template:City Centre Darmstadt Map"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:City_Centre_Darmstadt_Map" title="Template talk:City Centre Darmstadt Map"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:City_Centre_Darmstadt_Map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:City Centre Darmstadt Map"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div><br />City Centre Darmstadt<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#5581A9"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">1</span></div> <a href="/wiki/Residential_Palace_Darmstadt" title="Residential Palace Darmstadt">Residential Palace Darmstadt</a><br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#5581A9"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">2</span></div> <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt" title="Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt">Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt</a><br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#5581A9"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</span></div> Haus der Geschichte (former court theatre)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#5581A9"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">4</span></div> Audimax <a href="/wiki/TU_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="TU Darmstadt">TU Darmstadt</a> (largest lecture hall)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#5581A9"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">5</span></div> Kongresszentrum darmstadtium (congress centre)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#5581A9"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">6</span></div> Altes Rathaus (former town hall)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#777755"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">7</span></div> Luisenplatz<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#777755"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">8</span></div> Friedensplatz (peace square)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#777755"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">9</span></div> Karolinenplatz<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#777755"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">10</span></div> Marktplatz (market square)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#165916"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">11</span></div> Herrngarten (urban park)</div></div></div> <p>Darmstadt was the capital of an independent country (the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a>) until 1871 and the capital of the German state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> until 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Redaktion_2021_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redaktion_2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is due to its past as a capital city that it has many architectural testimonies of this period. Many of its major architectural landmarks were created by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Moller" title="Georg Moller">Georg Moller</a> who was appointed the court master builder of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.<sup id="cite_ref-Darmstadt_5_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darmstadt_5-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the fact that the last ruling Grand Duke of Hesse, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Louis,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse" title="Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse">Ernst Ludwig</a> was a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and brother to <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Hesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra of Hesse">Empress Alexandra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, the architecture of Darmstadt has been influenced by British and Russian imperial architecture with many examples still existing, such as the Luisenplatz with its grand-ducal column, the old Hessian State Theatre (at Karolinenplatz) and the Russian Chapel by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Benois" title="Leon Benois">Leon Benois</a>. The Russian church, St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, is named in honor of the patron saint of Tsar Nicholas' mother and was built of Russian stone on Russian soil brought to Darmstadt by train. It was used by the Russian imperial family and court during regular visits to the Tsarina's brother and family in Darmstadt.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Residential_Palace_Darmstadt" title="Residential Palace Darmstadt">Residential Palace Darmstadt</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtschloss</i></span>) is located in the city centre. It was the residence of the counts of <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Hesse-Darmstadt</a>, later as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine">Grand Dukes of Hesse</a> by the grace of Napoleon. The rulers of Hesse also owned <a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss_Kranichstein" title="Jagdschloss Kranichstein">Jagdschloss Kranichstein</a>, a hunting lodge in <a href="/wiki/Kranichstein" title="Kranichstein">Kranichstein</a> which is a nowadays used as a five star hotel. The most famous castle in the Darmstadt region is <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Castle" title="Frankenstein Castle">Frankenstein Castle</a> due to claims that the real castle may have had an influence on Mary Shelley's decision to choose the name <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a> for her monster-creating scientist. This castle dates back to the 13th century, but it was acquired by the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1662. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Residential Palace and Market Square"><img alt="Residential Palace and Market Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG/200px-Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG/300px-Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG/400px-Residenzschloss_Darmstadt_539-Gdh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1622" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Residential Palace and Market Square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haus der Geschichte"><img alt="Haus der Geschichte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg/200px-Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg/300px-Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg/400px-Haus_der_Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haus der Geschichte</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:InnerCastle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankenstein Castle"><img alt="Frankenstein Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/InnerCastle.jpg/200px-InnerCastle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/InnerCastle.jpg/300px-InnerCastle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/InnerCastle.jpg/400px-InnerCastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Castle" title="Frankenstein Castle">Frankenstein Castle</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:510px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesdatenschau_(MRMCD17)_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="360° panorama of Darmstadt"><img alt="360° panorama of Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesdatenschau_%28MRMCD17%29_Panorama.jpg/500px-Bundesdatenschau_%28MRMCD17%29_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesdatenschau_%28MRMCD17%29_Panorama.jpg/750px-Bundesdatenschau_%28MRMCD17%29_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesdatenschau_%28MRMCD17%29_Panorama.jpg/1000px-Bundesdatenschau_%28MRMCD17%29_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesdatenschau_(MRMCD17)_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Bundesdatenschau (MRMCD17) Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>360° panorama of Darmstadt</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_architecture">Modern architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Modern architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg/250px-Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg/330px-Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg/500px-Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Waldspirale</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt has a rich tradition in modern architecture. After 1945 several <i>"Meisterbauten"</i> (<i>Masterful Architectonic Creations</i>) were built that set standards for modern architecture. These buildings still exist and are used for various public and private purposes. In the late 1990s the <a href="/wiki/Waldspirale" title="Waldspirale">Waldspirale</a> ('Forest Spiral') was built, a residential complex by Austrian <a href="/wiki/Hundertwasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundertwasser">Friedensreich Hundertwasser</a>. As an almost <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surreal</a> building, it is internationally famous for its almost absolute rejection of rectangular forms, down to every window having a different shape, the style being a trademark of Hundertwasser's work. Hundertwasser died before the Waldspirale was finished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_Nouveau">Art Nouveau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Art Nouveau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he,_colline_jugendstil_(Darmstadt)_(7882270018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he%2C_colline_jugendstil_%28Darmstadt%29_%287882270018%29.jpg/220px-La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he%2C_colline_jugendstil_%28Darmstadt%29_%287882270018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he%2C_colline_jugendstil_%28Darmstadt%29_%287882270018%29.jpg/330px-La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he%2C_colline_jugendstil_%28Darmstadt%29_%287882270018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he%2C_colline_jugendstil_%28Darmstadt%29_%287882270018%29.jpg/440px-La_Mathildenh%C3%B6he%2C_colline_jugendstil_%28Darmstadt%29_%287882270018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The Mathildenhöhe</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt was a centre of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau movement</a>. Surviving examples of the <a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a> period include the Rosenhöhe, a landscaped English-style <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> garden from the 19th century, recently renovated and replanted,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the UNESCO World Heritage Site <a href="/wiki/Mathildenh%C3%B6he" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathildenhöhe">Mathildenhöhe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <i>Hochzeitsturm</i> ('Wedding tower', also commonly known as the 'Five-Finger-Tower') by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Maria_Olbrich" title="Joseph Maria Olbrich">Joseph Maria Olbrich</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt" title="Russian Chapel in Darmstadt">Russian Chapel in Darmstadt</a> and large exhibition halls as well as many private villas built by Jugendstil architects who had settled in Darmstadt. German Art Nouveau is commonly known by its German name, Jugendstil. The name is taken from the artistic journal, Die Jugend, which was published in Munich and which espoused the new artistic movement. It was founded in 1896 by Georg Hirth (Hirth remained editor until his death in 1916, and the magazine continued to be published until 1940). The magazine was instrumental in promoting the style in Germany. As a result, its name was adopted as the most common German-language term for the style: Jugendstil ("young style"). Although, during the early 20th century, the word was applied to only two-dimensional examples of the graphic arts, especially the forms of organic typography and graphic design found in and influenced by German magazines like Jugend, Pan, and <a href="/wiki/Simplicissimus" title="Simplicissimus">Simplicissimus</a>, it is now applied to more general manifestations of Art Nouveau visual arts in Germany, the Netherlands, the Baltic states, and Nordic countries. The two main centres for Jugendstil art in Germany were Munich and Darmstadt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squares">Squares</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Squares"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg/220px-Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg/330px-Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg/440px-Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Luisenplatz with Ludwigsäule</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Luisenplatz</i>, the central square of the city, forms the centre of the city and is the main public transport hub. In 1844 the <i>Ludwigsäule</i> (called <i>Langer Lui</i>, meaning <i>Long Ludwig</i>), a 33-metre (108 ft) column commemorating <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine">Ludwig I</a>, first Grand Duke of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Hesse</a>, was placed in the middle of the square. While the column still stands, the square is today surrounded by mostly modern buildings. Other important squares are the <i>Marktplatz</i> (see image) near the old city hall and the <i>Sabaisplatz</i> at the <i>Mathildenhöhe</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg/220px-Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg/330px-Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg/440px-Darmstadt_Eingang_Rosenh%C3%B6he.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Park Rosenhöhe</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has a high density of parks. Among the most important parks are the English style <i>Herrngarten</i> in central Darmstadt. In former times it was part of the Royal Gardens used exclusively by the dukes of Darmstadt. Today it is a public park, heavily used in every season of the year. Other important parks are the French style parks <i>Prinz-Georgs-Garten</i> and <a href="/wiki/Orangerie_(Darmstadt)" title="Orangerie (Darmstadt)">Orangerie</a>, the modern style <i>Bürgerpark</i> ("People's Park") in northern Darmstadt and the mystical <a href="/wiki/Rosenh%C3%B6he_Park" title="Rosenhöhe Park">Rosenhöhe Park</a> ("Rose Heights"), which also serves as the cemetery for the grand dukes and their immediate family, with two impressive mausoleum buildings (the Old Mausoleum and New Mausoleum) standing within it. The <a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_der_TU_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanischer Garten der TU Darmstadt"><i>Botanischer Garten</i></a> in eastern Darmstadt is a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a> with a fine collection of rare plants and trees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt%2C_Germany.jpg/170px-Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt%2C_Germany.jpg/255px-Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt%2C_Germany.jpg/340px-Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt" title="Russian Chapel in Darmstadt">Russian Chapel in Darmstadt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg/220px-Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg/330px-Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg/440px-Altes_Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Marktplatz with the old city hall and Stadtkirche Church</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg/220px-St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg/330px-St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg/440px-St-Ludwig_Darmstadt_548-h.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>St. Ludwig Church</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Stadtkirche_Darmstadt" title="Stadtkirche Darmstadt">Stadtkirche Darmstadt</a> built in 1369, is in the pedestrian zone of the downtown city center, next to the historic Hotel Bockshaut.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church has <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">gothic</a> elements along with <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a>, it houses the <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royal</a> <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a>. Hotel Bockshaut was built in 1580 for a church presbytery. The most important <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> Church is <i>St. Ludwig</i> in central Darmstadt. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt" title="Russian Chapel in Darmstadt">Russian Chapel in Darmstadt</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Russian_orthodox_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian orthodox church">Russian orthodox church</a> which is still in use. It was built and used as a private chapel by the last <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> of Russia, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a>, whose wife <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Fyodorovna_of_Hesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse">Alexandra</a> was born in Darmstadt. Although Russian orthodox churches also exist in other cities outside Russia, the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt was the only official Russian church used by the Tsar outside the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. It is said that the chapel was built on Russian soil that was brought to Darmstadt exclusively for the purpose of building the Tsar's private chapel on it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every year on the first weekend of July the <a href="/wiki/Heinerfest" title="Heinerfest">Heinerfest</a> festival is held in the streets surrounding the old ducal palace. It is a traditional German festival with music acts, <a href="/wiki/Beer_hall" title="Beer hall">beer halls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amusement_ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Amusement ride">amusement rides</a> and booths selling trinkets and food. The similar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schlossgrabenfest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schlossgrabenfest (page does not exist)">Schlossgrabenfest</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlossgrabenfest" class="extiw" title="de:Schlossgrabenfest">de</a>]</span>, which is more <a href="/wiki/Live_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Live music">live music</a>-oriented, is held in the same location every year in May. These two festivals attract 700,000<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 400,000<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> visitors respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the music hall: <a href="/wiki/Orpheum_Darmstadt" title="Orpheum Darmstadt">Orpheum Darmstadt</a></div> <p>Darmstadt has a rich cultural heritage. The <a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_Darmstadt" title="Staatstheater Darmstadt">Staatstheater Darmstadt</a> dates back to the year 1711. The present building has been in use since 1972 and has three halls which can be used independently. The "Grand Hall" (Großes Haus) provides seats for 956 people and serves as Darmstadt's opera house. The "Small Hall" (Kleines Haus) is mostly used for plays and dance and has 482 seats. A separate small hall (Kammerspiele), with 120 seats, is used for <a href="/wiki/Chamber_play" title="Chamber play">chamber plays</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG/220px-Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG/330px-Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG/440px-Darmstadt_Friedensplatz_1_Hessisches_Landesmuseum_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3312" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (Hessian State Museum)</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the museums in Darmstadt the most important are the <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt" title="Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt">Hessisches Landesmuseum</a> (Hessian State Museum), the Porcelain Museum (exhibition of the ducal porcelain), the Schlossmuseum (exhibition of the ducal residence and possessions), the Kunsthalle Darmstadt (exhibitions of modern art), the exhibition centre Mathildenhöhe, and the Museum Künstlerkolonie (<a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> museum). </p><p>The Jazz-Institut Darmstadt is Germany's largest publicly accessible jazz archive.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt, harboring one of the world's largest collections of post-war <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">sheet music</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also hosts the biennial <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_New_Music_Summer_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadt New Music Summer School">Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik</a>, a summer school in <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">contemporary classical music</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Steinecke" title="Wolfgang Steinecke">Wolfgang Steinecke</a>. A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Nono (composer)">Luigi Nono</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Kagel" title="Mauricio Kagel">Mauricio Kagel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Lachenmann" title="Helmut Lachenmann">Helmut Lachenmann</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Akademie_f%C3%BCr_Sprache_und_Dichtung" title="Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung">Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung</a> provides writers and scholars with a place to research the German language.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The academy's annual <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a>, named in memory of <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a>, is considered the most prestigious literary award for writers of German language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg/170px-Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg/255px-Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg/340px-Bergstrasse_westblick_bei_heppenheim_ds_wv_11_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Vineyards south of Darmstadt – view towards the Rhine Plain</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt is located in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain" title="Upper Rhine Plain">Upper Rhine Plain</a> (German: Oberrheinische Tiefebene), a major rift, about 350 km (217 mi) long and on average 50 km (31 mi) wide, between the cities of Frankfurt in the north and Mannheim in the south. Darmstadt's southeastern boroughs are located in the spurs of the <a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a>, a low mountain range in Southern Hesse between the Main and Neckar rivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southern Hesse is well known for its mild climate which allows <a href="/wiki/Winegrowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Winegrowing">winegrowing</a> on a large scale in the region south of Darmstadt. The weather is often volatile with the summers being warm and humid with frequent thunderstorms, the winters mostly relatively mild with frequent periods of <a href="/wiki/High_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="High fog">high fog</a>. Snowfall is most likely in January and February, but mild winters without considerable snowfall can occur. </p><p>The Darmstadt weather station has recorded the following extreme values:<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Highest Temperature 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) on 7 August 2015.</li> <li>Warmest Minimum 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) on 5 July 1957.</li> <li>Coldest Maximum −15.5 °C (4.1 °F) on 1 February 1956.</li> <li>Lowest Temperature −26.9 °C (−16.4 °F) on 19 January 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-wetterzentrale_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetterzentrale-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Highest Daily Precipitation 60.7 mm (2.39 in) on 1 June 1961.</li> <li>Wettest Month 211.9 mm (8.34 in) in August 1968.</li> <li>Wettest Year 1,215.7 mm (47.86 in) in 1965.</li> <li>Driest Year 476.2 mm (18.75 in) in 1959.</li> <li>Earliest Snowfall: 27 October 1950.</li> <li>Latest Snowfall: 19 April 1969.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Darmstadt (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–present<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.4<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.9<br />(−16.4) </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.5<br />(−8.5) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.5<br />(7.7) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8<br />(19.8) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.5<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.0<br />(−5.8) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−26.9<br />(−16.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.4<br />(2.02) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.2<br />(1.94) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0<br />(2.05) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(1.69) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.6<br />(2.86) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3<br />(2.49) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1<br />(2.84) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.1<br />(2.64) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0<br />(2.32) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.7<br />(2.27) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.1<br />(2.64) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">712.4<br />(28.05) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.5<br />(3.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.9 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">175.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.1 </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.9 </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2 </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.2 </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.7 </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6 </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0 </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.4 </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8 </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8 </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #555555; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0A0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103 </td> <td style="background: #5E5E5E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #434343; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,643 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: DWD Open Data (Mean sunshine hours 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-dwd3_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dwd3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wetterzentrale_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetterzentrale-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sklima_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Note">Note</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meteorological observations began in Darmstadt in 1937. Data from February 3, 1937 to July 31, 1974 are from <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_TU_Darmstadt" title="Botanical Garden of TU Darmstadt">Darmstadt-Botanischer Garten</a>, data from January 1, 1987 to July 31, 1995 are from Darmstadt (A), and data from August 1, 1995 to the present are from the Darmstadt meteorological station.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City of Darmstadt offers students a broad variety of public primary, secondary and tertiary schools. Besides them private schools exist, e.g. the catholic secondary school <i>Edith-Stein-Schule</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventists">Adventists</a>' <i>Schulzentrum Marienhöhe</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroposophic">anthroposophic</a> <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf school"><i>Waldorf School</i></a>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Comenius" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius">Comenius</a></i> <i>School</i> and other faith based private schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg/220px-Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg/330px-Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg/440px-Karo5_Eingangsgebaeude_Verwaltungsgebaeude_TU_Darmstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>Technical University – main entrance</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG/250px-Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG/330px-Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG/500px-Darmstadt_Hochschulstra%C3%9Fe_1_Altes_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_der_TH_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3454" data-file-height="2590" /></a><figcaption>Technical University – Altes Hauptgebäude ('Old Main Building')</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TU_Darmstadt">TU Darmstadt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: TU Darmstadt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Darmstadt">Technical University of Darmstadt</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Darmstadt">Technical University of Darmstadt</a> (German: <i lang="de">Technische Universität Darmstadt</i>), commonly referred to as TU Darmstadt, is a prestigious research university in Germany. It was founded in 1877 and received the right to award doctorates in 1899. In 1882 it was the first university in the world to set up a chair in electrical engineering, in 1883 the first faculty for electrical engineering was founded there. The university is organized in 13 departments and 5 fields of study, which all together offer about 100 courses of studies. The fields of study offer interdisciplinary degree courses in which students take lectures in multiple departments. The university, as its title suggests, offers degree courses in the fields of electrical, mechanical and civil engineering, architecture, computer science, mathematics and the natural sciences. It also offers courses in economics, law, history, politics, sociology, psychology, sport science and linguistics. It also offers degree courses for teaching positions at German vocational schools and Gymnasiums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hochschule_Darmstadt">Hochschule Darmstadt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Hochschule Darmstadt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences">Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg/170px-H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg/255px-H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg/340px-H-da-Hochhaus_nach_Renovierung2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption>Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences – main building</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences">Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences</a> (German: <i lang="de">Hochschule Darmstadt</i>) has the highest number of industrial linkage programs, compared to the rest of the universities of applied sciences. The roots of University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt dates back to 1876. However, it has not emerged as a separate institution before 1971. As of 2017 it was the largest University of Applied Sciences in the State of Hesse, with about 16,000 students. It offers courses in architecture, chemical engineering, materials science, civil engineering, computer science, design, economics, electrical engineering and information technology, mathematics and science, mechanical engineering, media (including information science and engineering), plastics engineering, social and cultural studies, and several social sciences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="EHD_Darmstadt">EHD Darmstadt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: EHD Darmstadt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestant_University_of_Applied_Sciences_Darmstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestant University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt (page does not exist)">Protestant University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt</a> (EHD) is an officially recognised and Church-sponsored University. The sponsors are the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, the Protestant Church of Kurhesse-Waldeck and the social welfare organisation of both Hessian Protestant Churches, the Diakonie Hesse. The EHD has approximately 1,700 students, 40 professors and 10 scientific employees and about 100 visiting lecturers every semester. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg/220px-Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg/330px-Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg/440px-Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3060" /></a><figcaption>Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt-dukes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Darmstadt-dukes.jpg/220px-Darmstadt-dukes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Darmstadt-dukes.jpg/330px-Darmstadt-dukes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Darmstadt-dukes.jpg/440px-Darmstadt-dukes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Darmstadt Dukes in the Eissporthalle</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's main professional club is the <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club <a href="/wiki/SV_Darmstadt_98" title="SV Darmstadt 98">SV Darmstadt 98</a>, who play at the <a href="/wiki/Merck-Stadion_am_B%C3%B6llenfalltor" title="Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor">Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor</a>. Other, amateur football clubs are <a href="/wiki/1._FCA_Darmstadt" title="1. FCA Darmstadt">1. FCA Darmstadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rot-Wei%C3%9F_Darmstadt" title="Rot-Weiß Darmstadt">Rot-Weiß Darmstadt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ice_hockey">Ice hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Ice hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt_Dukes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darmstadt Dukes (page does not exist)">Darmstadt Dukes</a> (Eissportclub Darmstadt Dukes) is an <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> club. Their mens`s team is playing in the Hessenliga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_football">American football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: American football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Diamonds" title="Darmstadt Diamonds">Darmstadt Diamonds</a> an <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">american football</a> team. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_(12052189474).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/250px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/330px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/500px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">ESOC</a> European Space Operations Command in Darmstadt</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt is home to many research institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society" title="Fraunhofer Society">Fraunhofer Society</a> (Fraunhofer IGD, Fraunhofer LBF, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraunhofer_Institute_for_Secure_Information_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology (page does not exist)">Fraunhofer SIT</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sichere_Informationstechnologie" class="extiw" title="de:Fraunhofer-Institut für Sichere Informationstechnologie">de</a>]</span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Schwerionenforschung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung">Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung</a> (GSI, "Society for <a href="/wiki/Heavy_ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy ion">heavy ion</a> Research"), which operates a <a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">particle accelerator</a> in northern Darmstadt. The GSI, amongst other elements, discovered the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">darmstadtium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a>: 110), named after the city in 2003. This makes Darmstadt one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places" title="List of chemical elements named after places">several cities</a> with elements named after them. Various other elements, including <a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">meitnerium</a> (atomic number: 109) (1982), <a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">hassium</a> (atomic number: 108) (1984), <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">roentgenium</a> (atomic number: 111) (1994) and <a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">copernicium</a> (atomic number: 112) (1996) were also synthesized in the Darmstadt facility. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">European Space Operations Centre</a> (ESOC) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> is located in Darmstadt. From here, various deep-space exploration spacecraft and Earth-orbiting satellites are operated for the purposes of scientific research, and technology development and demonstration. </p><p><a href="/wiki/EUMETSAT" title="EUMETSAT">EUMETSAT</a>, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, operates the principal European <a href="/wiki/Meteorological" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological">meteorological</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a> from its headquarters, including the first and second generations of <a href="/wiki/Meteosat" title="Meteosat">Meteosat</a> geostationary satellites, and the polar-orbiting <a href="/wiki/Metop" class="mw-redirect" title="Metop">Metop</a> series. </p><p>Darmstadt is a centre for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, with Merck, Röhm and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Schenck">Schenck RoTec</a> (part of The Dürr Group) having their main plants and centres here. </p><p>Darmstadt is also a centre for the IT and telecommunications industry, with companies like <a href="/wiki/Software_AG" title="Software AG">Software AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-Systems" title="T-Systems">T-Systems</a> (laboratories in Darmstadt) and <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> (laboratories in Darmstadt). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Athene_(research_center)" title="Athene (research center)">ATHENE</a>, formerly Center for Research in Security and Privacy (CRISP), is the national research center for <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">IT security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a> in Germany and the largest research center for <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">IT security</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research center is located in Darmstadt and deals with key issues of IT security in the <a href="/wiki/Digitization" title="Digitization">digitization</a> of government, business and society. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/German_Research_Center_for_Artificial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence">German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence</a> has a laboratory in Darmstadt. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hessian_Center_for_Artificial_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (page does not exist)">Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessisches_Zentrum_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%BCnstliche_Intelligenz" class="extiw" title="de:Hessisches Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz">de</a>]</span> (hessian.AI) has its headquarters in Darmstadt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_military_presence">United States military presence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: United States military presence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U.S. forces entered the city of Darmstadt on 25 March 1945. At the end of World War II, Darmstadt was among the 112 communities where U.S. forces were stationed. Early units stationed here included elements of the U.S. Constabulary, Air Force units and a Quartermaster School. </p><p>Over the years, the U.S. military community Darmstadt – under a variety of designations such as the 440th Signal Battalion, served as home for thousands of American soldiers and their families. It included six principal installations in Darmstadt and nearby <a href="/wiki/Babenhausen,_Hesse" title="Babenhausen, Hesse">Babenhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griesheim,_Hesse" title="Griesheim, Hesse">Griesheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster,_Hesse" title="Münster, Hesse">Münster</a>, plus several housing areas, an airfield and a large number of smaller facilities as far away as <a href="/wiki/Bensheim" title="Bensheim">Bensheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a>. The military newspaper European <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a></i> also had its headquarters there. As of 1993, the Darmstadt military community also assumed responsibility for the remaining U.S. Army facilities in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt-am-Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt-am-Main">Frankfurt</a> area. </p><p>As part of the U.S. Army's ongoing transformation in Germany, the Darmstadt military community, by then designated <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Army_Garrison_Darmstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Army Garrison Darmstadt (page does not exist)">U.S. Army Garrison Darmstadt</a>, inactivated on 30 September 2008. Even after the garrison inactivation, however, there is still one unit active in Darmstadt: The <a href="/wiki/66th_Military_Intelligence_Brigade_(United_States)" title="66th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)">66th Military Intelligence Group</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Dagger_Complex" title="Dagger Complex">Dagger Complex</a> on Eberstädter Weg.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It draws its support from the nearby U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden. The U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden's website mentions the unit still being active in Darmstadt, and a Marine Corps company being stationed there as well. With the exception of Dagger Complex, all remaining US installations are now empty and closed to the public, pending property disposal by the German authorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourist_sights_in_Darmstadt">Tourist sights in Darmstadt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Tourist sights in Darmstadt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City">City</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Mathildenhöhe</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> Museum <ul><li>Wedding Tower (<i>Hochzeitsturm</i>) at Sabaisplatz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt" title="Russian Chapel in Darmstadt">The former private chapel of the last Tsar of Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_Darmstadt" title="Staatstheater Darmstadt">State Theatre and Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldspirale" title="Waldspirale">Waldspirale</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a> Building</li> <li>City Center with Luisenplatz, the Residential Palace and the Market Square</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Hauptbahnhof" title="Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof">Hauptbahnhof</a> (Central Train Station) in Art Nouveau style</li> <li>Parks <ul><li>Herrngarten Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanischer Garten Darmstadt">Botanical Garden</a> (<i>Botanischer Garten</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_Garten" class="mw-redirect" title="Vortex Garten">Vortex Garden</a></li> <li>Park Rosenhöhe (Rose Heights Park) with the <a href="/wiki/Dukal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukal">Dukal</a> Cemetery</li></ul></li> <li>Porcelain Museum at Schlossgartenplatz</li> <li>St. Ludwig Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt" title="Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt">Hessisches Landesmuseum</a></li> <li>Haus der Geschichte (House of History, former <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hoftheater</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Kranichstein_Railway_Museum" title="Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum">Train Museum Kranichstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessungen" title="Bessungen">Bessungen</a> old town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a> districts and parts of the Darmstadt old town northern of the city centre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Region">Region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergstraße Route">Bergstrasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Vineyards">Vineyards</a> at <a href="/wiki/Zwingenberg,_Hesse" title="Zwingenberg, Hesse">Zwingenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Castle" title="Frankenstein Castle">Frankenstein Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messel_Pit_Fossil_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Messel Pit Fossil Site">Messel Pit Fossil Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melibokus" title="Melibokus">Melibokus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg/140px-JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg/210px-JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg/280px-JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Merck" title="Johann Heinrich Merck">Johann Heinrich Merck</a>, 1770</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/140px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/210px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/280px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a>, 1866</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg/140px-Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg/210px-Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg/280px-Friedrich_von_Flotow_1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3270" data-file-height="4050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Flotow" title="Friedrich von Flotow">Friedrich von Flotow</a>, 1866</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg/140px-Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg/210px-Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg/280px-Heinrich_von_Angeli_-_Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich August Kekulé">Friedrich August Kekulé</a>, 1890</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg/140px-Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg/210px-Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg/280px-Alexandra_Fyodorovna_LOC_01137u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="5056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra Feodorovna</a>, 1908</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Graupner" title="Christoph Graupner">Christoph Graupner</a> (1683–1760), composer and <a href="/wiki/Hofkapellmeister" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofkapellmeister">Hofkapellmeister</a> (chapel master) at the court of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1711 to 1754</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Dillenius" title="Johann Jacob Dillenius">Johann Jacob Dillenius</a> (1684–1747), botanist<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Merck" title="Johann Heinrich Merck">Johann Heinrich Merck</a> (1741–1791), author and critic<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Felix_Baehr" title="Johann Christian Felix Baehr">Johann Christian Felix Baehr</a> (1798–1872), philologist<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Kaup" title="Johann Jakob Kaup">Johann Jakob Kaup</a> (1803–1873), naturalist and proponent of <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus Freiherr von Liebig</a> (1803–1873), chemist, contributed to <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_chemistry" title="Agricultural chemistry">agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biological chemistry</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Gottfried_Gervinus" title="Georg Gottfried Gervinus">Georg Gottfried Gervinus</a> (1805–1871), literary and political historian<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Flotow" title="Friedrich von Flotow">Friedrich von Flotow</a> (1812–1883), opera composer, died in Darmstadt<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a> (1813–1837), dramatist, poet and revolutionist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Amand_Mangold" title="Carl Amand Mangold">Carl Amand Mangold</a> (1813–1889), composer and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Freiherr_von_und_zu_der_Tann-Rathsamhausen" title="Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen">Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen</a> (1815–1881), Bavarian general<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_B%C3%BCchner" title="Ludwig Büchner">Ludwig Büchner</a> (1824–1899), philosopher, physiologist and physician; exponent of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific materialism">scientific materialism</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich August Kekulé">Friedrich August Kekulé</a> (1829–1896), <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemist</a>; founded the theory of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical structure</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Bracht" title="Eugen Bracht">Eugen Bracht</a> (1842–1921), landscape painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Hertling" title="Georg von Hertling">Georg von Hertling</a> (1843–1919), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Altheimer" title="Benjamin Altheimer">Benjamin Altheimer</a> (1850–1938), American banker and philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Muck" title="Karl Muck">Karl Muck</a> (1859–1940), conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Louis,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse" title="Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse">Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse</a> (1868–1937), last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wolfskehl" title="Karl Wolfskehl">Karl Wolfskehl</a> (1869–1948), poet, editor and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra Feodorovna</a> (1872–1918), Russian Empress, born as Alix of Hesse, married <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Tsar Nicholas II of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Stock" title="Christian Stock">Christian Stock</a> (1884–1967), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_K%C3%B6llisch" title="Anton Köllisch">Anton Köllisch</a> (1888–1916), chemist who first synthesized <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> (known as "ecstasy")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno_Gutenberg" title="Beno Gutenberg">Beno Gutenberg</a> (1889–1960), German-American seismologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Plagge" title="Karl Plagge">Karl Plagge</a> (1897–1957), Wehrmacht officer, saved Lithuanian Jews from extermination during <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>, Righteous among the Nations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Otto_Koch" title="Karl-Otto Koch">Karl-Otto Koch</a> (1897–1945), commandant of the Nazi concentration camps at <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ganz" title="Josef Ganz">Josef Ganz</a> (1898–1967), automotive engineer and pioneer, studied at the Technical University of Darmstadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Brentano" title="Heinrich von Brentano">Heinrich von Brentano</a> (1904–1964), <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> from 1955 to 1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_M%C3%B6ser" title="Hans Möser">Hans Möser</a> (1906–1948), Nazi SS concentration camp officer executed for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Schmiele" title="Walter Schmiele">Walter Schmiele</a> (1909–1998), author and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinaida_Petrovna_Ziberova" title="Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova">Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova</a> (born 1909), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Schmidt" title="Arno Schmidt">Arno Schmidt</a> (1914–1979), author and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Stark" title="Hans Stark">Hans Stark</a> (1921–1991), head of the admissions detail at Auschwitz-II Birkenau of Auschwitz concentration camp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Stern" title="Georg Stern">Georg Stern</a> (1921–1980), operatic singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> (1928–2007), leading 20th-century electronic composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Strack" title="Günter Strack">Günter Strack</a> (1929–1999), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maciej_%C5%81ukaszczyk" title="Maciej Łukaszczyk">Maciej Łukaszczyk</a> (1934–2014), Polish pianist at the <a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_Darmstadt" title="Staatstheater Darmstadt">Staatstheater Darmstadt</a>, founder and president of the Chopin organisation, porter of the Polish and German order</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Markwort" title="Helmut Markwort">Helmut Markwort</a> (born 1936), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annegret_Soltau" title="Annegret Soltau">Annegret Soltau</a> (born 1946), artist</li> <li>Cord Meijering (born 1955), Dutch composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Lanz" title="Christoph Lanz">Christoph Lanz</a> (born 1959), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Weidermann" title="Volker Weidermann">Volker Weidermann</a> (born 1969), writer and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florika_Fink-Hooijer" title="Florika Fink-Hooijer">Florika Fink-Hooijer</a> (born 1962), prominent European civil servant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Gerhard" title="Nina Gerhard">Nina Gerhard</a> (born 1974), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karola_Oberm%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karola Obermüller">Karola Obermüller</a> (born 1977), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_B%C3%BCrger" title="Björn Bürger">Björn Bürger</a> (born 1985), operatic baritone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Frankenberg" title="Richard von Frankenberg">Richard von Frankenberg</a> (1922–1973), journalist and racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_R%C3%BChl" title="Markus Rühl">Markus Rühl</a> (born 1972), bodybuilder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascha_Bert" title="Sascha Bert">Sascha Bert</a> (born 1975), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Petkovic" title="Andrea Petkovic">Andrea Petkovic</a> (born 1987), tennis player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg/250px-Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg/330px-Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg/500px-Darmstadt_Strassenbahn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Darmstadt train showcasing the Sister City partnership with San Antonio</figcaption></figure> <p>Darmstadt is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alkmaar" title="Alkmaar">Alkmaar</a>, Netherlands (1958)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, Italy (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, Turkey (1971)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Derbyshire" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield</a>, England, UK (1959)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freiberg" title="Freiberg">Freiberg</a>, Germany (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Austria (1968)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saanen" title="Saanen">Gstaad (Saanen)</a>, Switzerland (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6nk" title="Gyönk">Gyönk</a>, Hungary (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, Latvia (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, Spain (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a>, Israel (2023)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a>, Poland (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, United States (2017)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a>, Hungary (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>, Norway (1968)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>, France (1958)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzhhorod" title="Uzhhorod">Uzhhorod</a>, Ukraine (1992)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences">Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Darmstadt">Technical University of Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein-Main Region">Rhein-Main-Area</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx">"Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Statistisches_Landesamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt">Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt</a>. 5 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113102212/https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ergebnisse+der+letzten+Direktwahl+aller+hessischen+Landkreise+und+Gemeinden&rft.pub=Hessisches+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft.date=2022-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Fsites%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Ffiles%2F2022-10%2Fdirektwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-06/ai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx">"Bevölkerung in Hessen am 31.12.2022 nach Gemeinden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Statistisches_Landesamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt">Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt</a>. June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Hessen+am+31.12.2022+nach+Gemeinden&rft.pub=Hessisches+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Fsites%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Ffiles%2F2023-06%2Fai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2009/jun/11/element-112-name-periodic-table">"Wanted: Suitable name for unstable, heavyweight element"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wanted%3A+Suitable+name+for+unstable%2C+heavyweight+element&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Fblog%2F2009%2Fjun%2F11%2Felement-112-name-periodic-table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129211110/https://www.gsi.de/en/researchaccelerators/research_an_overview/neue_elemente.htm">"Discovery of new elements"</a>. GSI Darmstadt. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsi.de/en/researchaccelerators/research_an_overview/neue_elemente.htm">the original</a> on 29 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+new+elements&rft.pub=GSI+Darmstadt&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.de%2Fen%2Fresearchaccelerators%2Fresearch_an_overview%2Fneue_elemente.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGermany2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Germany, hessenschau de, Frankfurt (24 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hessenschau.de/kultur/unesco-auszeichnung-darmstaedter-mathildenhoehe-ist-jetzt-offiziell-welterbe,mathildenhoehe-welterbe-102.html">"Unesco-Auszeichnung: Darmstädter Mathildenhöhe ist jetzt offiziell Welterbe"</a>. <i>hessenschau.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724155843/https://www.hessenschau.de/kultur/unesco-auszeichnung-darmstaedter-mathildenhoehe-ist-jetzt-offiziell-welterbe,mathildenhoehe-welterbe-102.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hessenschau.de&rft.atitle=Unesco-Auszeichnung%3A+Darmst%C3%A4dter+Mathildenh%C3%B6he+ist+jetzt+offiziell+Welterbe&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft.aulast=Germany&rft.aufirst=hessenschau+de%2C+Frankfurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hessenschau.de%2Fkultur%2Funesco-auszeichnung-darmstaedter-mathildenhoehe-ist-jetzt-offiziell-welterbe%2Cmathildenhoehe-welterbe-102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.de/kultur-und-natur/welterbe/welterbe-deutschland/mathildenhoehe-darmstadt">"Welterbe in Deutschland | Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission"</a>. <i>www.unesco.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819060827/https://www.unesco.de/kultur-und-natur/welterbe/welterbe-deutschland/mathildenhoehe-darmstadt">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unesco.de&rft.atitle=Welterbe+in+Deutschland+%7C+Deutsche+UNESCO-Kommission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.de%2Fkultur-und-natur%2Fwelterbe%2Fwelterbe-deutschland%2Fmathildenhoehe-darmstadt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKTUELLES_9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKTUELLES_9_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/d/darmstadt-ortsname.html">"Darmstadt, Ortsname"</a>. <i>AKTUELLES</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819060929/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/d/darmstadt-ortsname.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AKTUELLES&rft.atitle=Darmstadt%2C+Ortsname&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de%2Fd%2Fdarmstadt-ortsname.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FACTS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FACTS_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FACTS_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FACTS_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090319082609/http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/4.pdf">"Essential Facts (brochure from the official city website)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Essential+Facts+%28brochure+from+the+official+city+website%29&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Fimperia%2Fmd%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2Fwirtschaft%2F4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HISTKatz1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HISTKatz1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/burgenseitedarmstadt.html">Nebenresidenz Darmstadt (darmstait)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005073921/http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/burgenseitedarmstadt.html">Archived</a> 5 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the 'Graf v. Katzenelnbogen' website, in German. Retrieved 5 January 2008.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HISTKatz2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HISTKatz2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarl._E._Demandt" class="citation web cs1">Karl. E. Demandt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/geschichtedemandt.html">"Die Geschichte des Grafenhauses"</a>. <i>www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005073209/http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/geschichtedemandt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de&rft.atitle=Die+Geschichte+des+Grafenhauses&rft.au=Karl.+E.+Demandt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de%2Fgeschichtedemandt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-darmstadt-history-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-darmstadt-history_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090808205806/http://www.darmstadt.de/en/history/index.html">"Population growth in Darmstadt"</a>. (from the official city website). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/en/history/index.html">the original</a> on 8 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+growth+in+Darmstadt&rft.pub=%28from+the+official+city+website%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Fen%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tu-darmstadt-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tu-darmstadt_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403080335/http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/universitaet/profil_1/identitaet/index.de.jsp">"Establishment of TU Darmstadt (in German)"</a>. TU Damrstadt. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/universitaet/profil_1/identitaet/index.de.jsp">the original</a> on 3 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Establishment+of+TU+Darmstadt+%28in+German%29&rft.pub=TU+Damrstadt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tu-darmstadt.de%2Funiversitaet%2Fprofil_1%2Fidentitaet%2Findex.de.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKTUELLES_5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKTUELLES_5_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/j/jugendstil.html">"Jugendstil"</a>. <i>Darmstadt Stadtlexikon</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201161013/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/j/jugendstil.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Darmstadt+Stadtlexikon&rft.atitle=Jugendstil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de%2Fj%2Fjugendstil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw.com_2006-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dw.com_2006_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/merck-digs-up-truth-about-role-in-the-birth-of-ecstasy/a-2140190">"Merck Digs Up Truth About Role in the Birth of Ecstasy"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. 18 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201161853/https://www.dw.com/en/merck-digs-up-truth-about-role-in-the-birth-of-ecstasy/a-2140190">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Merck+Digs+Up+Truth+About+Role+in+the+Birth+of+Ecstasy&rft.date=2006-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fmerck-digs-up-truth-about-role-in-the-birth-of-ecstasy%2Fa-2140190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARHEILGEN.de-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARHEILGEN.de_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arheilgen.de/geschichte-wappen.html">"Geschichte"</a>. <i>ARHEILGEN.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162522/https://www.arheilgen.de/geschichte-wappen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARHEILGEN.de&rft.atitle=Geschichte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arheilgen.de%2Fgeschichte-wappen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darmstadt_2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darmstadt_2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/stadtportraet/stadtteile/eberstadt">"Eberstadt: Darmstadt"</a>. <i>Home</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162537/https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/stadtportraet/stadtteile/eberstadt">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home&rft.atitle=Eberstadt%3A+Darmstadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Fstandort%2Fstadtportraet%2Fstadtteile%2Feberstadt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landesgeschichtliches_Informationssystem_Hessen_(LAGIS)-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Landesgeschichtliches_Informationssystem_Hessen_(LAGIS)_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/browse/district/411/sn/ol">"Historisches Ortslexikon : Landkreise A–Z : LAGIS Hessen"</a>. <i>Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS)</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061504/https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/browse/district/411/sn/ol">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Landesgeschichtliches+Informationssystem+Hessen+%28LAGIS%29&rft.atitle=Historisches+Ortslexikon+%3A+Landkreise+A%E2%80%93Z+%3A+LAGIS+Hessen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagis-hessen.de%2Fde%2Fsubjects%2Fbrowse%2Fdistrict%2F411%2Fsn%2Fol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5761/lechlecha/features.htm">Beginning of the End</a>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015541/http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5761/lechlecha/features.htm">Archived</a> 30 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Musman, Moshe; from <i>Borne Aloft on the Wings of a Dove</i> (in-depth feature on Dei'ah veDibur website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HIST-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HIST_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HIST_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/kultur/geschichte/02648/">Darmstädter Stadtgeschichte 20. Jahrhundert</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410004257/http://www.darmstadt.de/kultur/geschichte/02648/">Archived</a> 10 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the official city website, in German, less detailed also in English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMegargee2009" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 1023. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3"><bdi>978-0-253-35328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+I&rft.pages=1023&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35328-3&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKTUELLES_33-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKTUELLES_33_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/l/leuschner-wilhelm.html">"Leuschner, Wilhelm"</a>. <i>darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061502/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/l/leuschner-wilhelm.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de&rft.atitle=Leuschner%2C+Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de%2Fl%2Fleuschner-wilhelm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKTUELLES_34-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKTUELLES_34_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/h/haubach-theodor.html">"Haubach, Theodor"</a>. <i>darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162823/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/h/haubach-theodor.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de&rft.atitle=Haubach%2C+Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de%2Fh%2Fhaubach-theodor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKTUELLES_35-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKTUELLES_35_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/b/brandnacht.html">"Brandnacht"</a>. <i>darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230104123722/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/b/brandnacht.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de&rft.atitle=Brandnacht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de%2Fb%2Fbrandnacht.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zeitgeschichte_in_Hessen-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zeitgeschichte_in_Hessen_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/drec/sn/edb/mode/catchwords/lemma/Luftkrieg/current/0">"Area Bombing Directive des britischen Luftfahrtministeriums"</a>. <i>Zeitgeschichte in Hessen</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201163219/https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/drec/sn/edb/mode/catchwords/lemma/Luftkrieg/current/0">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zeitgeschichte+in+Hessen&rft.atitle=Area+Bombing+Directive+des+britischen+Luftfahrtministeriums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagis-hessen.de%2Fde%2Fsubjects%2Fdrec%2Fsn%2Fedb%2Fmode%2Fcatchwords%2Flemma%2FLuftkrieg%2Fcurrent%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/city/hist.html">Darmstadt history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610154626/http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/city/hist.html">Archived</a> 10 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the website of the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Darmstadt">Technical University of Darmstadt</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darmstadt-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darmstadt_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/presseservice/einzelansicht/news/75-jahrestag-der-befreiung-darmstadts-von-krieg-und-nationalsozialismus">"75. Jahrestag der Befreiung Darmstadts von Krieg und Nationalsozialismus"</a>. <i>Home</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131174655/https://www.darmstadt.de/presseservice/einzelansicht/news/75-jahrestag-der-befreiung-darmstadts-von-krieg-und-nationalsozialismus">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home&rft.atitle=75.+Jahrestag+der+Befreiung+Darmstadts+von+Krieg+und+Nationalsozialismus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Fpresseservice%2Feinzelansicht%2Fnews%2F75-jahrestag-der-befreiung-darmstadts-von-krieg-und-nationalsozialismus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frankfurter_Rundschau_2005-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frankfurter_Rundschau_2005_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fr.de/politik/langen-ludwig-hing-weisse-fahne-11731791.html">"Am Langen Ludwig hing die weiße Fahne"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rundschau" title="Frankfurter Rundschau">Frankfurter Rundschau</a></i> (in German). 26 March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061334/https://www.fr.de/politik/langen-ludwig-hing-weisse-fahne-11731791.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Rundschau&rft.atitle=Am+Langen+Ludwig+hing+die+wei%C3%9Fe+Fahne&rft.date=2005-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr.de%2Fpolitik%2Flangen-ludwig-hing-weisse-fahne-11731791.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4">https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329165923/https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4">Archived</a> 29 March 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAZ_2022-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAZ_2022_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAZ_2022_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinsterbusch_(Text)Bäuml_(Fotos)2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Finsterbusch (Text), Stephan; Bäuml (Fotos), Lucas (9 June 2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/wie-darmstadt-zu-einem-fuehrenden-hightech-standort-europas-wurde-18086785.html">"Gründer in Deutschland: Wie Darmstadt zu einem führenden Hightech-Standort Europas wurde"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/FAZ.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="FAZ.NET">FAZ.NET</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201163838/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/wie-darmstadt-zu-einem-fuehrenden-hightech-standort-europas-wurde-18086785.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAZ.NET&rft.atitle=Gr%C3%BCnder+in+Deutschland%3A+Wie+Darmstadt+zu+einem+f%C3%BChrenden+Hightech-Standort+Europas+wurde&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.aulast=Finsterbusch+%28Text%29&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft.au=B%C3%A4uml+%28Fotos%29%2C+Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fwirtschaft%2Funternehmen%2Fwie-darmstadt-zu-einem-fuehrenden-hightech-standort-europas-wurde-18086785.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www2.h-da.de/mse/msc_brochure.pdf">http://www2.h-da.de/mse/msc_brochure.pdf</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caspar-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caspar_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaspar" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caspar, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://h-da.de/hochschule/organisation/zahlen-daten-fakten">"Zahlen, Daten, Fakten – h_da Hochschule Darmstadt"</a>. <i>Startseite – h_da Hochschule Darmstadt</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061336/https://h-da.de/hochschule/organisation/zahlen-daten-fakten">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Startseite+%E2%80%93+h_da+Hochschule+Darmstadt&rft.atitle=Zahlen%2C+Daten%2C+Fakten+%E2%80%93+h_da+Hochschule+Darmstadt&rft.aulast=Caspar&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fh-da.de%2Fhochschule%2Forganisation%2Fzahlen-daten-fakten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diez-Holz_2018-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diez-Holz_2018_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiez-Holz2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Diez-Holz, Lisa (28 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ingenieur.de/karriere/bildung/hochschule/absolventen-aus-aachen-und-muenchen-am-begehrtesten/">"Die besten Hochschulen für Ingenieure und Informatiker in Deutschland"</a>. <i>ingenieur.de – Jobbörse und Nachrichtenportal für Ingenieure</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ingenieur.de+%E2%80%93+Jobb%C3%B6rse+und+Nachrichtenportal+f%C3%BCr+Ingenieure&rft.atitle=Die+besten+Hochschulen+f%C3%BCr+Ingenieure+und+Informatiker+in+Deutschland&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft.aulast=Diez-Holz&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingenieur.de%2Fkarriere%2Fbildung%2Fhochschule%2Fabsolventen-aus-aachen-und-muenchen-am-begehrtesten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/statistik/1.pdf">Statistischer Ueberblick</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616140758/http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/statistik/1.pdf">Archived</a> 16 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ('Statistical overview', from the official city website, in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statistik._hessen.de-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statistik._hessen.de_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/unsere-zahlen/bevoelkerung">"Bevölkerung in Hessen"</a>. <i>statistik. hessen.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303104429/https://statistik.hessen.de/unsere-zahlen/bevoelkerung">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statistik.+hessen.de&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Hessen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Funsere-zahlen%2Fbevoelkerung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darmstadt_3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darmstadt_3_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/rathaus/politik/stadtverordnetenversammlung">"Stadtverordnetenversammlung: Darmstadt"</a>. <i>Home</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061838/https://www.darmstadt.de/rathaus/politik/stadtverordnetenversammlung">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home&rft.atitle=Stadtverordnetenversammlung%3A+Darmstadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Frathaus%2Fpolitik%2Fstadtverordnetenversammlung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A5.htm#Darmstadt">"A5"</a>. <i>Autobahnatlas</i> (in German). 18 August 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414151140/http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A5.htm#Darmstadt">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autobahnatlas&rft.atitle=A5&rft.date=2004-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autobahnatlas-online.de%2FA5.htm%23Darmstadt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A67.htm">"A67"</a>. <i>Autobahnatlas</i>. 19 August 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228181316/http://autobahnatlas-online.de/A67.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autobahnatlas&rft.atitle=A67&rft.date=2004-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autobahnatlas-online.de%2FA67.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redaktion_2021-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Redaktion_2021_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echo-online.de/lokales/darmstadt/darmstadt-im-jahr-1871-ein-ort-der-innovation-1848386">"Darmstadt im Jahr 1871: Ein Ort der Innovation"</a>. <i>Echo Online</i> (in German). 10 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201165858/https://www.echo-online.de/lokales/darmstadt/darmstadt-im-jahr-1871-ein-ort-der-innovation-1848386">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Echo+Online&rft.atitle=Darmstadt+im+Jahr+1871%3A+Ein+Ort+der+Innovation&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.echo-online.de%2Flokales%2Fdarmstadt%2Fdarmstadt-im-jahr-1871-ein-ort-der-innovation-1848386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darmstadt_5-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darmstadt_5_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/leben-in-darmstadt/soziales-und-gesellschaft/kirchen/friedhoefe/ehrengraeber/georg-moller">"Georg Moller: Darmstadt"</a>. <i>Darmstadt</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201170039/https://www.darmstadt.de/leben-in-darmstadt/soziales-und-gesellschaft/kirchen/friedhoefe/ehrengraeber/georg-moller">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Darmstadt&rft.atitle=Georg+Moller%3A+Darmstadt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Fleben-in-darmstadt%2Fsoziales-und-gesellschaft%2Fkirchen%2Ffriedhoefe%2Fehrengraeber%2Fgeorg-moller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050209/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enart_churches.html">"The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia – Official Website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enart_churches.html">the original</a> on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Orthodox+Church+Outside+of+Russia+%E2%80%93+Official+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianorthodoxchurch.ws%2Fsynod%2Fengdocuments%2Fenart_churches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/rosenhoehe/index.html">Rosenhöhe – planted with roses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428042421/http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/rosenhoehe/index.html">Archived</a> 28 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the official city website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/mathildenhoehe/index.html">Mathildenhöhe (Artists' Colony)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813221840/http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/mathildenhoehe/index.html">Archived</a> 13 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the official city website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226201227/http://www.bockshaut.de/EN/">"Historic hotel Bockshaut"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bockshaut.de/EN/">the original</a> on 26 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+hotel+Bockshaut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bockshaut.de%2FEN%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126230241/http://www.darmstadt.de/infos/heinerfest/">"www.darmstadt.de – Informationen, Heinerfest"</a>. 26 January 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darmstadt.de/infos/heinerfest/">the original</a> on 26 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.darmstadt.de+%E2%80%93+Informationen%2C+Heinerfest&rft.date=2008-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Finfos%2Fheinerfest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107153301/https://www.schlossgrabenfest.de/2006/sgf_aktuelles_14.html">"Schlossgrabenfest 2006"</a>. <i>www.schlossgrabenfest.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schlossgrabenfest.de/2006/sgf_aktuelles_14.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.schlossgrabenfest.de&rft.atitle=Schlossgrabenfest+2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schlossgrabenfest.de%2F2006%2Fsgf_aktuelles_14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzinstitut.de/us.htm">Jazz-Institut Darmstadt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427174332/http://www.jazzinstitut.de/us.htm">Archived</a> 27 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (official institute website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internationales-musikinstitut.de/de/ferienkurse/">"DARMSTÄDTER FERIENKURSE"</a>. <i>Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107153258/https://internationales-musikinstitut.de/de/ferienkurse/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internationales+Musikinstitut+Darmstadt&rft.atitle=DARMST%C3%84DTER+FERIENKURSE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternationales-musikinstitut.de%2Fde%2Fferienkurse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutscheakademie.de/">"Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung"</a>. <i>www.deutscheakademie.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120144152/https://www.deutscheakademie.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.deutscheakademie.de&rft.atitle=Deutsche+Akademie+f%C3%BCr+Sprache+und+Dichtung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutscheakademie.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sklima-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2">"Monatsauswertung"</a>. <i>sklima.de</i> (in German). SKlima<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sklima.de&rft.atitle=Monatsauswertung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsklima.de%2Fdatenbank_auswertung.php%3Ftab%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wetterzentrale-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wetterzentrale_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wetterzentrale_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_mon.php?station=917&maand=1&country=1&order=1&extreem=X_TX">"Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw"</a> (in German). DWD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extremwertanalyse+der+DWD-Stationen%2C+Tagesmaxima%2C+Dekadenrekorde%2C+usw.&rft.pub=DWD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wetterzentrale.de%2Fextremes_mon.php%3Fstation%3D917%26maand%3D1%26country%3D1%26order%3D1%26extreem%3DX_TX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dwd3-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dwd3_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221615/http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fkldat__D__mittelwerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue">"Mittelwerte 30-jähriger Perioden, Tabelle A, 1981 – 2010"</a>. Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fkldat__D__mittelwerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mittelwerte+30-j%C3%A4hriger+Perioden%2C+Tabelle+A%2C+1981+%E2%80%93+2010&rft.pub=Deutscher+Wetterdienst+%28DWD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2Fbvbw%2Fappmanager%2Fbvbw%2FdwdwwwDesktop%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_pageLabel%3D_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland%26T82002gsbDocumentPath%3DNavigation%252FOeffentlichkeit%252FKlima__Umwelt%252FKlimadaten%252Fkldaten__kostenfrei%252Fkldat__D__mittelwerte__node.html%253F__nnn%253Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010165025/https://www.hessen.de/presse/pressemitteilung/nationales-forschungszentrum-fuer-angewandte-cybersicherheit-crisp-besucht-0">"Nationales Forschungszentrum für angewandte Cybersicherheit CRISP besucht | Informationsportal Hessen"</a>. <i>www.hessen.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hessen.de/presse/pressemitteilung/nationales-forschungszentrum-fuer-angewandte-cybersicherheit-crisp-besucht-0">the original</a> on 10 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hessen.de&rft.atitle=Nationales+Forschungszentrum+f%C3%BCr+angewandte+Cybersicherheit+CRISP+besucht+%7C+Informationsportal+Hessen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hessen.de%2Fpresse%2Fpressemitteilung%2Fnationales-forschungszentrum-fuer-angewandte-cybersicherheit-crisp-besucht-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBMBF-Internetredaktion" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">BMBF-Internetredaktion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010165633/https://www.bmbf.de/de/groesstes-europaeisches-forschungszentrum-fuer-it-sicherheit-gegruendet-2023.html">"Größtes europäisches Forschungszentrum für IT-Sicherheit gegründet – BMBF"</a>. <i>Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung – BMBF</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmbf.de/de/groesstes-europaeisches-forschungszentrum-fuer-it-sicherheit-gegruendet-2023.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesministerium+f%C3%BCr+Bildung+und+Forschung+%E2%80%93+BMBF&rft.atitle=Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Ftes+europ%C3%A4isches+Forschungszentrum+f%C3%BCr+IT-Sicherheit+gegr%C3%BCndet+%E2%80%93+BMBF&rft.au=BMBF-Internetredaktion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmbf.de%2Fde%2Fgroesstes-europaeisches-forschungszentrum-fuer-it-sicherheit-gegruendet-2023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Darmstadt&params=49.843786_N_8.584211_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°50′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°35′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.843786°N 8.584211°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.843786; 8.584211</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dillen, Johann Jakob"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dillen,_Johann_Jakob">"Dillen, Johann Jakob" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 272.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dillen%2C+Johann+Jakob&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=272&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Merck, Johann Heinrich"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Merck,_Johann_Heinrich">"Merck, Johann Heinrich" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">153–</span>154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Merck%2C+Johann+Heinrich&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E153-%3C%2Fspan%3E154&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Baehr, Johann Christian Felix"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Baehr,_Johann_Christian_Felix">"Baehr, Johann Christian Felix" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baehr%2C+Johann+Christian+Felix&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=191&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kaup, Johann Jakob"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kaup,_Johann_Jakob">"Kaup, Johann Jakob" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 700.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kaup%2C+Johann+Jakob&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=700&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Liebig, Justus von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Liebig,_Justus_von">"Liebig, Justus von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 590.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liebig%2C+Justus+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=590&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gervinus, Georg Gottfried"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gervinus,_Georg_Gottfried">"Gervinus, Georg Gottfried" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gervinus%2C+Georg+Gottfried&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=908&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Flotow, Friedrich Ferdinand Adolf von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Flotow,_Friedrich_Ferdinand_Adolf_von">"Flotow, Friedrich Ferdinand Adolf von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">547–</span>548.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flotow%2C+Friedrich+Ferdinand+Adolf+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E547-%3C%2Fspan%3E548&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig Samson Arthur"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tann-Rathsamhausen,_Ludwig_Samson_Arthur">"Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig Samson Arthur" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 400.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tann-Rathsamhausen%2C+Ludwig+Samson+Arthur&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=400&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Büchner, Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/B%C3%BCchner,_Friedrich_Karl_Christian_Ludwig">"Büchner, Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 719.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=B%C3%BCchner%2C+Friedrich+Karl+Christian+Ludwig&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=719&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kekulé, Friedrich August"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kekul%C3%A9,_Friedrich_August">"Kekulé, Friedrich August" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">717–</span>718.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kekul%C3%A9%2C+Friedrich+August&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E717-%3C%2Fspan%3E718&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126130733/https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/interkulturelles-und-internationales/internationales/staedtepartnerschaften">"Städtepartnerschaften"</a>. <i>darmstadt.de</i> (in German). Darmstadt. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/interkulturelles-und-internationales/internationales/staedtepartnerschaften">the original</a> on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=darmstadt.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darmstadt.de%2Fstandort%2Finterkulturelles-und-internationales%2Finternationales%2Fstaedtepartnerschaften&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Darmstadt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Darmstadt#Q2973" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2973#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in German and English)</span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darmstadt.de/sprachversionen/english/discover-darmstadt/">Discover Darmstadt – City Tourist Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002153955/https://www.darmstadt.de/sprachversionen/english/discover-darmstadt/">Archived</a> 2 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germany.travel/en/towns-cities-culture/towns-cities/darmstadt.html">Germany Travel – Darmstadt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Darmstadt"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Darmstadt">"Darmstadt" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (9th ed.). 1878. pp. <span class="nowrap">828–</span>829.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Darmstadt&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E828-%3C%2Fspan%3E829&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADarmstadt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 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width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kassel_government_region197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulda_(district)" title="Fulda (district)">Landkreis Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld-Rotenburg" title="Hersfeld-Rotenburg">Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(district)" title="Kassel (district)">Landkreis Kassel (rural district)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwalm-Eder-Kreis" title="Schwalm-Eder-Kreis">Schwalm-Eder-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck-Frankenberg" title="Waldeck-Frankenberg">Landkreis Waldeck-Frankenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werra-Mei%C3%9Fner-Kreis" title="Werra-Meißner-Kreis">Werra-Meißner-Kreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Darmstadt_government_region203" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(region)" title="Darmstadt (region)">Darmstadt</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_(district)" title="Bergstraße (district)">Landkreis Bergstraße </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Dieburg" title="Darmstadt-Dieburg">Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau_(district)" title="Groß-Gerau (district)">Landkreis Groß-Gerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochtaunuskreis" title="Hochtaunuskreis">Hochtaunuskreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Kinzig-Kreis" title="Main-Kinzig-Kreis">Main-Kinzig-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="Main-Taunus-Kreis">Main-Taunus-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odenwaldkreis" title="Odenwaldkreis">Odenwaldkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_(district)" title="Offenbach (district)">Landkreis Offenbach </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis" title="Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis">Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetteraukreis" title="Wetteraukreis">Wetteraukreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Giessen_government_region199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Giessen_(region)" title="Giessen (region)">Giessen</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">none</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giessen_(district)" title="Giessen (district)">Landkreis Giessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahn-Dill-Kreis" title="Lahn-Dill-Kreis">Lahn-Dill-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg-Weilburg" title="Limburg-Weilburg">Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg-Biedenkopf" title="Marburg-Biedenkopf">Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogelsbergkreis" title="Vogelsbergkreis">Vogelsbergkreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2235" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2973#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012321689X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/121971493">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/263634024">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206852/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4011077-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79129258">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12019822b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12019822b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Darmstadt (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128989&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5746995">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98039160">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000195662&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007298966405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981061095361306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2e7d0064-1603-45ac-be83-2559fb991d04">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028343468">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044934">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=23650">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&oldid=1280742178">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darmstadt&oldid=1280742178</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Hesse" title="Category:Cities in Hesse">Cities in 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