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aria-controls="toc-Religious_and_ideological_beliefs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Religious and ideological beliefs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_and_ideological_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Email_exchanges_with_Anwar_Al-Awlaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Email_exchanges_with_Anwar_Al-Awlaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Email exchanges with Anwar Al-Awlaki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Email_exchanges_with_Anwar_Al-Awlaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prior_to_the_Fort_Hood_shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_to_the_Fort_Hood_shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Prior to the Fort Hood shooting </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prior_to_the_Fort_Hood_shooting-sublist" 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href="#Praise_from_Islamic_extremists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Praise from Islamic extremists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praise_from_Islamic_extremists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrospective_analyses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospective_analyses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Retrospective analyses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospective_analyses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_analysis_and_political_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_analysis_and_political_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Media analysis and political statements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_analysis_and_political_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prison_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Malik_Hasan&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nidal Malik Hasan">Nidal Malik Hasan</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American mass murderer and former U.S. Army officer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Malik Hasan" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Malik_Hasan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Malik Hasan (disambiguation)">Malik Hasan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Nidal Hasan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_nidal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hasan_nidal.jpg/220px-Hasan_nidal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Hasan_nidal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Nidal Malik Hasan</div> (1970-09-08) September 8, 1970 (age 54)<a href="#cite_note-NYT2009-11-08-2">[2]</a> <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Western_Community_College" title="Virginia Western Community College">Virginia Western Community College</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Associates_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Associates degree">A.S.</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a>, (BA)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a>, (<a href="/wiki/M.D." class="mw-redirect" title="M.D.">M.D.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_public_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of public health">M.P.H.</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Psychiatrist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Incarcerated on <a href="/wiki/Death_row" title="Death row">death row</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data">Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Military_deployment" title="Military deployment">military deployment</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premeditated_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Premeditated murder">Premeditated murder</a> (13 counts)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">Attempted premeditated murder</a> (32 counts)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_military" title="Capital punishment by the United States military">Death</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 5, 2009 <a href="/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation"><abbr title="Approximation">≈</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Approximation 1:34–1:44 p.m.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hood">Fort Hood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> soldiers and civilians</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Killed</th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">32</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapons</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FN_Five-seveN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN Five-seveN">FN Five-seveN</a> pistol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson" title="Smith & Wesson">Smith & Wesson</a> <a href="/wiki/.357_Magnum" title=".357 Magnum">.357 Magnum</a> revolver (unused)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imprisoned at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Disciplinary_Barracks" title="United States Disciplinary Barracks">United States Disciplinary Barracks</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States (until 2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps" title="United States Army Medical Corps">United States Army Medical Corps</a> (until 2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1988–2009 (<a href="/wiki/Military_discharge#Analogous_proceedings_for_commissioned_officers" title="Military discharge">dismissal</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)#Army" title="Major (United States)">Major</a> (revoked)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Ribbon" title="Army Service Ribbon">Army Service Ribbon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a> (2)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Service Medal">Global War on Terrorism Service Medal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Nidal Malik Hasan (born September 8, 1970) is an American former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a>, physician and <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murderer</a> convicted of killing 13 people and injuring more than 30 others in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting" title="2009 Fort Hood shooting">Fort Hood mass shooting</a> on November 5, 2009. <a href="#cite_note-NYT11-9-3">[3]</a> Hasan, an Army <a href="/wiki/Medical_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Corps (United States Army)">Medical Corps</a> psychiatrist, admitted to the shootings at his <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a> in August 2013.<a href="#cite_note-CNN20130806-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Army_times-5">[5]</a> During the six years Hasan was a <a href="/wiki/Medical_intern" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical intern">medical intern</a> and resident at the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed Army Medical Center">Walter Reed Army Medical Center</a>, concerns were raised about his job performance and behavior, specifically comments described by colleagues as "<a href="/wiki/Anti-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-American">anti-American</a>". Hasan was described as socially isolated, stressed by his work with soldiers, and upset about their accounts of warfare.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Two days before the shooting, less than a month before he was due to deploy <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">to Afghanistan</a>, Hasan gave away many of his belongings to a neighbor.<a href="#cite_note-NYT11-9-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-record-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP_3-8">[8]</a> Prior to the shooting, an investigation conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) concluded Hasan's email correspondence with the late Imam <a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a> were related to his authorized professional research and he was not a threat. The FBI, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> (DoD) and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> all conducted investigations after the shootings.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday2-9">[9]</a> The Senate released a report describing the shooting as "the worst <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> attack on U.S. soil since September 11, 2001".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Controversially, the Army decided not to charge Hasan with terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> A jury panel of 13 officers convicted him of 13 counts of <a href="/wiki/Murder#Degrees_of_murder" title="Murder">premeditated murder</a> and 32 counts of <a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">attempted premeditated murder</a>, and unanimously recommended he be <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge#Analogous_proceedings_for_commissioned_officers" title="Military discharge">dismissed</a> from the service and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_military" title="Capital punishment by the United States military">sentenced to death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JandaG20130905-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes2009-11-12-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC_3-15">[15]</a> Hasan is incarcerated at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Disciplinary_Barracks" title="United States Disciplinary Barracks">United States Disciplinary Barracks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, awaiting execution. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Nidal Hasan was born on September 8, 1970, at Virginia Hospital Center in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. His parents were <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> American citizens of <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> origin; they had immigrated years earlier from <a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a>, a city in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_2-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Raised in the Muslim faith with his two younger brothers, Hasan attended <a href="/wiki/Wakefield_High_School_(Arlington_County,_Virginia)" title="Wakefield High School (Arlington County, Virginia)">Wakefield High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington</a> for his freshman year in 1985. His family moved to <a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a> in 1986, where his father had moved a year before set up what would become a number of successful family-owned businesses which included a market, restaurant and olive bar.<a href="#cite_note-The_Life_and_Career_of_Major_Hasan-20">[20]</a> Hasan graduated from Roanoke's <a href="/wiki/William_Fleming_High_School" title="William Fleming High School">William Fleming High School</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roanoke_Times-22">[22]</a> His father died in 1998 at the age of 51; his mother died three years later at the age of 49.<a href="#cite_note-Roanoke_Times-22">[22]</a> One of his brothers continues to live in Virginia while the other moved to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Territories">Palestinian Territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service,_higher_education_and_medical_career">Military service, higher education and medical career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service, higher education and medical career">edit</a>]</div> Hasan <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> in 1988 after graduating from high school. He attended college during this time, earning an <a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">associate degree</a> in science from <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Western_Community_College" title="Virginia Western Community College">Virginia Western Community College</a> in 1992. In 1995, he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in biochemistry. He completed both of these programs with <a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">Latin honors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_3-23">[23]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Commission_(document)" title="Commission (document)">commissioned as an officer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Army Medical Department</a> in 1997, and enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a> (USUHS) in <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Life_and_Career_of_Major_Hasan-20">[20]</a> Hasan's performance was marginal while enrolled at USUHS. He was on <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_probation" title="Scholastic probation">academic probation</a> during much of the six years he required to complete the four-year curriculum and graduate medical school.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Upon graduation in 2003, Hasan completed his internship and <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">residency</a> in psychiatry at the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed Army Medical Center">Walter Reed Army Medical Center</a> (WRAMC). He completed his psychiatry training with a two-year fellowship in disaster and preventive psychiatry, earning a master's degree in public health. During his training at Walter Reed, he received counseling and extra supervision.<a href="#cite_note-Mckinley-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_presentation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hasan_presentation.png/220px-Hasan_presentation.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hasan_presentation.png/330px-Hasan_presentation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hasan_presentation.png/440px-Hasan_presentation.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Slide 49/50 of The Quranic World View As It Relates to Muslims in the U.S. Military, a presentation made by Hasan during a symposium of U.S. Army physicians at WRAMC</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, Hasan made a presentation titled "The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quranic</a> World View as It Relates to Muslims in the U.S. Military" during his senior year of residency at WRAMC; it was not well received by some attendees.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> He suggested the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> "should allow Muslims [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] Soldiers the option of being released as 'Conscientious objectors' to increase troop morale and decrease adverse events."<a href="#cite_note-WP_presentation-article-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP_presentation-28">[28]</a> On a previous slide, he explained "adverse events" could be refusal to deploy, <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a>, or killing of fellow soldiers. Retired Colonel Terry Lee, after working with Hasan, recalled<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_recruiting_office_shooting" title="Little Rock recruiting office shooting">fatal shooting of two recruiters in Little Rock, Arkansas</a>, greatly affected Hasan. Lee told <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> that Hasan made "outlandish" statements against the American military presence in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a>, reportedly saying that "the Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor", referring to American soldiers. Hasan expressed hope <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> would withdraw troops. He was frequently agitated and argumentative with other Army personnel.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR1-31">[31]</a> Despite these problems, in May 2009, Hasan was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Life_and_Career_of_Major_Hasan-20">[20]</a> In July 2009 he was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Darnall_Army_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Darnall Army Medical Center">Darnall Army Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cavazos" title="Fort Cavazos">Fort Cavazos</a> (then Fort Hood), <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, moving into the city of <a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>. Two weeks later, he lawfully purchased an <a href="/wiki/FN_Herstal" title="FN Herstal">FN</a> <a href="/wiki/FN_Five-seven" title="FN Five-seven">Five-seven</a> handgun.<a href="#cite_note-The_Life_and_Career_of_Major_Hasan-20">[20]</a> Prior to his transfer, Hasan had received a 'poor performance' evaluation from supervisors and medical faculty.<a href="#cite_note-UKGovBBCProfile-32">[32]</a> Despite concerns, his former boss, Lt. Col. Ben Phillips, graded his performance as "outstanding".<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Hasan's cousin, Virginia attorney Nader Hasan, disputed the assertion that he was "disenchanted with the military," but said Hasan dreaded war after counseling soldiers with <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>. He was "mortified by the idea" of deploying after he heard on a "daily basis the horrors they saw over there". Nader also stated Hasan was harassed by his fellow soldiers. "He hired a military attorney to try to have the issue resolved, pay back the government, to get out of the military. He was at the end of trying everything."<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_1-34">[34]</a> Hasan's aunt also said Hasan sought <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge" title="Military discharge">discharge</a> because of harassment relating to his Islamic faith.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_3-23">[23]</a> However, an Army spokesman did not confirm the relatives' statements;<a href="#cite_note-Wash_Post-35">[35]</a> with the deputy director of the American Muslim Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs Council stating the reported harassment was "inconsistent" with their records.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_1-36">[36]</a> Hasan's uncle Rafiq Hamad, a resident of <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, characterized Hasan as gentle and quiet. He fainted while observing childbirth, whence his choice to focus on psychiatry. He was deeply sensitive, and mourned a pet bird for months after it died.<a href="#cite_note-Mckinley-25">[25]</a> Also near Ramallah, cousin Mohammed Hasan said "because he's Muslim, he didn't want to go to Afghanistan or Iraq, and he didn't want to expose himself to violence and death". Mohammed stated his cousin was a "pleasant young man" who was happy to graduate and to be joining the army after his uncle and cousins served. They never talked about politics, but Hasan complained "he was treated like a Muslim, like an Arab, rather than an American; he was discriminated against."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In August 2009, according to a Killeen police report, someone <a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">vandalized</a> Hasan's automobile with a key; repair was estimated at $1000. Police charged a soldier; a neighbor claimed the vehicle was vandalized because of Hasan's religion.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_3-23">[23]</a> According to military records, Hasan was unmarried.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_3-38">[38]</a> However, David Cook, a former neighbor, stated, in 1997, Hasan had two sons living with him and attending local schools. Cook said, "As far as I know, he was a single father. I never saw a wife."<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_awards_and_decorations">Military awards and decorations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military awards and decorations">edit</a>]</div> Hasan received the <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Ribbon" title="Army Service Ribbon">Army Service Ribbon</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">private</a> in 1988 after completing <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">Advanced Individual Training</a> (AIT), the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a> twice for service during the time periods of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Global War on Terror">Global War on Terror</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Service Medal">Global War on Terrorism Service Medal</a> for support service during the Global War on Terror.<a href="#cite_note-record-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_and_ideological_beliefs">Religious and ideological beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religious and ideological beliefs">edit</a>]</div> According to one of his cousins, Hasan was Muslim; he became more devout after the early deaths of his parents.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2-17">[17]</a> His cousin did not recall him expressing any radical or anti-American views,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2-17">[17]</a> and his family also described Hasan as a peaceful person, and a good American.<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews-39">[39]</a> One of his cousins said Hasan turned against the wars after hearing the stories of soldiers he treated in therapy following their return from Afghanistan and Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-Fox_6-40">[40]</a> His aunt said he did not tell the family he was going to Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch,_lightened.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch%2C_lightened.jpg/220px-Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch%2C_lightened.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch%2C_lightened.jpg/330px-Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch%2C_lightened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch%2C_lightened.jpg/440px-Anwar_al-Awlaki_sitting_on_couch%2C_lightened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1647" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a> in 2008; Hasan communicated with him in the months prior to the shootings</figcaption></figure> In May 2001, Hasan attended the <a href="/wiki/Dar_Al-Hijrah" title="Dar Al-Hijrah">Dar Al-Hijrah</a> mosque in the <a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a> area for the funeral of his mother<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_2-42">[42]</a> and occasionally, attended a mosque in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, close to where he lived and worked; he was well-known by the <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a> for over a decade.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_6-43">[43]</a> Faizul Khan, the former Imam of the Silver Spring mosque where Hasan prayed several times a week, said he was "a reserved guy with a nice personality. We discussed religious matters. Politics were never brought up. He is Muslim."<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-18">[18]</a> Khan said Hasan often expressed his wish to get married, and the Imam said, "I got the impression he was a committed soldier."<a href="#cite_note-Fox_3-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> Lt. Col. Dr. Val Finnell, a graduate school classmate in the Master's in Public Health program, said in a class on environmental health, Hasan's project dealt with "whether the Global War On Terror is a war on Islam" and the effect on Muslims in the military, which Finnell thought was strange.<a href="#cite_note-L.A.Times_2-44">[44]</a> According to Colonel Terry Lee, since retired, "He [Hasan] said 'maybe Muslims should stand up and fight against the aggressor'. At first, we thought he meant help the armed forces, but apparently that wasn't the case. Other times, he said we shouldn't be in the war in the first place."<a href="#cite_note-Fox_5-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Email_exchanges_with_Anwar_Al-Awlaki">Email exchanges with Anwar Al-Awlaki</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Email exchanges with Anwar Al-Awlaki">edit</a>]</div> In 2001–02, <a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a> was the Imam of the Dar al-Hijrah mosque; during that time, he was considered a moderate Muslim. Serving as the Muslim chaplain at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, he was frequently invited to speak about Islam to audiences in Washington DC and to members of Congress and the government. Hasan reportedly had deep respect for al-Awlaki's teachings.<a href="#cite_note-Sherwell-46">[46]</a> Eleven months prior to the shootings, in December 2008, federal intelligence officials captured a series of e-mail exchanges between Al-Awlaki and Hasan. During this period, al-Awlaki was deemed a "radical cleric". However, they determined the e-mails were religious, and did not contain any elements of militancy nor any concerning subject matter.<a href="#cite_note-The_Life_and_Career_of_Major_Hasan-20">[20]</a> Counter-terrorism specialists for the FBI reading the e-mails stated "they were consistent with authorized research Major Hasan was conducting."<a href="#cite_note-Tangle_of_Clues_NYTIMES-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The e-mails contained general questions about spiritual guidance with regard to conflicts between Islam and military service, and officials judged them to be consistent with his legitimate mental health research about Muslims in the American armed services.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> After the shootings, the Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Hider Shaea interviewed al-Awlaki in November 2009 about their exchanges, and discussed their time with a Washington Post reporter. According to Shaea, Al-Awlaki said he "neither ordered nor pressured ... Hasan to harm Americans".<a href="#cite_note-confidant-53">[53]</a> Al-Awlaki said Hasan first e-mailed him on December 17, 2008. By way of introduction, Hasan said: "Do you remember me? I used to pray with you at the Virginia mosque."<a href="#cite_note-confidant-53">[53]</a> According to Al-Awlaki, Hasan said he was Muslim around the time the Imam was preaching at Dar al-Hijrah in 2001 and 2002. This coincides with the death of his mother. Al-Awlaki said, "Maybe Nidal was affected by one of my lectures." He added: "It was clear, from his e-mails, Nidal trusted me. Nidal told me: 'I speak with you about issues I never speak with anyone.'" Al-Awlaki said Hasan arrived at his conclusions regarding the acceptability of violence in Islam, and said he was not the one to initiate this. Shaea summarized their relationship by saying, "Nidal was providing evidence to Anwar, not vice versa."<a href="#cite_note-confidant-53">[53]</a> In October 2008, <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Allen" title="Charles E. Allen">Charles Allen</a>, US <a href="/wiki/DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis" title="DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis">Undersecretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis</a>, warned al-Awlaki "targets US Muslims with radical online lectures encouraging terrorist attacks from his new home in Yemen".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> officer <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Riedel" title="Bruce Riedel">Bruce Riedel</a> says "E-mailing a known al-Qaeda sympathizer should set-off alarm bells. Even if he was exchanging recipes, the bureau should have put out an alert."<a href="#cite_note-dal-56">[56]</a> Al-Awlaki had a website with a blog to share his views.<a href="#cite_note-dal-56">[56]</a> On December 11, 2008, he condemned any Muslim who seeks a religious decree "that would allow him to serve in the armies of the dis-believers and fight against his brothers."<a href="#cite_note-dal-56">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NEFA_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="NEFA Foundation">NEFA Foundation</a> says, on December 23, 2008, six days after he said Hasan first e-mailed him, al-Awlaki wrote on his blog: "The bullets of the fighters of Afghanistan and Iraq are a reflection of the feelings of Muslims toward America."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> An unidentified Muslim officer at Fort Hood said Hasan's eyes "lit up" while speaking about al-Awlaki's teachings.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Some investigators believe Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki pushed him toward violence at a time he was depressed and stressed.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prior_to_the_Fort_Hood_shooting">Prior to the Fort Hood shooting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prior to the Fort Hood shooting">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_activity">Internet activity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Internet activity">edit</a>]</div> The government agents monitoring Islamic websites believe Hasan, using the screenname 'NidalHasan', posted about <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombings</a> in May 2009, although, during this period, government agents did not link the posts to Hasan.<a href="#cite_note-L.A.Times_2-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP_4-60">[60]</a> The postings by 'NidalHasan' likened a suicide bomber to a soldier falling on a grenade to save his colleagues, to sacrifice for a "noble cause".<a href="#cite_note-L.A.Times_2-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP_4-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> reported after the fact, anonymous government agents issued a press-release claiming they were allegedly aware Hasan attempted to contact Al Qaeda,<a href="#cite_note-abcnews-61">[61]</a> then issued a press-release claiming Hasan had "more unexplained connections to people tracked by the FBI" than just Anwar al-Awlaki.<a href="#cite_note-abc2009-11-10-62">[62]</a> Hasan's business card left in his apartment describes him as a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a> specializing in Behavioral Health – Mental Health – Life Skills, and contains the acronyms SoA (SWT).<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> According to investigators, the acronym "SoA" is used on jihadist websites as an acronym for "Soldier of Allah" or "Servant of Allah." SWT is commonly used to mean "<a href="/wiki/Subhanahu_wa_ta%27ala" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhanahu wa ta'ala">subhanahu wa ta'ala</a>" (Glory to God).<a href="#cite_note-Tangle_of_Clues_NYTIMES-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC_SoA(SWT)-66">[66]</a> A review of Hasan's computer and e-mail accounts show visits to Internet sites espousing radical <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> ideas, according to a press-release from an anonymous government agent.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emails_to_superiors">Emails to superiors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Emails to superiors">edit</a>]</div> Hasan expressed concern about the former actions by some of the soldiers he evaluated as a psychiatrist.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-68">[68]</a> Days before his attacks on Fort Hood in 2009, Hasan asked his supervisors and Army legal advisers how to handle reports of soldiers' deeds in Afghanistan and Iraq that disturbed him.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activity">Other activity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other activity">edit</a>]</div> Hasan was to be deployed to Afghanistan<a href="#cite_note-L.A.Times_3-69">[69]</a> on November 28. Hasan told a local store owner he was stressed about his imminent deployment to <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> since his work as a psychologist might require him to fight or kill fellow Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In a press-release from Jeff Sadoski, spokesman for <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a>, "Hasan was upset about his deployment".<a href="#cite_note-NYT_4-71">[71]</a> Hasan gave away furniture from his home on the morning of the shooting, saying he was going to be deployed on Friday.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-72">[72]</a> He also distributed copies of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KXXV-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamran_Pasha" title="Kamran Pasha">Kamran Pasha</a> wrote about a Muslim officer at Fort Hood who said he prayed with Hasan on the day of the Fort Hood shooting, and Hasan "appeared relaxed and not in any way troubled or nervous". This officer believed the shootings could possibly be motivated by religious radicalism.<a href="#cite_note-The_Life_and_Career_of_Major_Hasan-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-kamran-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fort_Hood_attacks">Fort Hood attacks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fort Hood attacks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg/220px-Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg/330px-Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg/440px-Army_mil-55427-2009-11-07-171121.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>First responders and soldiers transport a fellow soldier wounded in the Fort Hood shooting</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting" title="2009 Fort Hood shooting">2009 Fort Hood shooting</a></div> On November 5, 2009, Hasan reportedly shouted "<a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Allahu Akbar</a>!"<a href="#cite_note-nancygibbs-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-takbir-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-sigchristenson-77">[77]</a> (the phrase means "God is great"),<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and opened fire on armed forces in the Soldier Readiness Center of Fort Hood, located in <a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen, Texas</a>, killing thirteen people and wounding over thirty others in the worst <a href="/wiki/Shooting_spree" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting spree">shooting</a> against armed forces on an American military base.<a href="#cite_note-AP_3-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army_Civilian_Police" title="Department of the Army Civilian Police">Department of the Army police officer</a> Kimberly D. Munley encountered Hasan leaving the building. Munley and Hasan exchanged shots before Munley was shot in the leg twice.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_12-80">[80]</a> Department of the Army police officer Mark Todd shot Hasan several times.<a href="#cite_note-MT_4-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stripes_1-82">[82]</a> Todd kicked the pistol out of Hasan's hand, then cuffed Hasan.<a href="#cite_note-AP_6-83">[83]</a> The attack lasted about ten minutes.<a href="#cite_note-L.A.Times_1-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-shooting">Post-shooting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Post-shooting">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medical_condition">Medical condition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Medical condition">edit</a>]</div> To save his life, Hasan was hospitalized in the <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care unit</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Army_Medical_Center" title="Brooke Army Medical Center">Brooke Army Medical Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sam_Houston" title="Fort Sam Houston">Fort Sam Houston</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-Google-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fox_2-86">[86]</a> His condition was described as "<a href="/wiki/Medical_state" title="Medical state">stable</a>".<a href="#cite_note-AP_1-87">[87]</a> News reports on November 7, 2009, indicated he was in a coma.<a href="#cite_note-L.A.Times-88">[88]</a> On November 9, hospital spokesperson Dewey Mitchell announced Hasan regained consciousness, and was able to talk since he was removed from a <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilator</a> on November 7.<a href="#cite_note-hostednews-89">[89]</a> On November 13, Hasan's attorney, John Galligan, announced Hasan was paralyzed from the waist down from the bullet wounds to his spine, and would likely never walk.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In mid-December, Galligan indicated Hasan was moved from intensive care to a private hospital room. Galligan said doctors indicated Hasan would need at least two months in the hospital to learn "to care for himself".<a href="#cite_note-2_months'_recovery-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Court-martial">Court-martial</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Court-martial">edit</a>]</div> On November 7, 2009, while Hasan was communicative, he refused to talk to law enforcement officials.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On November 12 and December 2, respectively, Hasan was charged with thirteen counts of <a href="/wiki/Murder#Degrees_of_murder" title="Murder">pre-meditated murder</a> and thirty-two counts of attempted murder under the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a>, thus making him eligible for the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_military" title="Capital punishment by the United States military">death penalty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2009-11-12-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC_3-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-attempted_murder-93">[93]</a> At the time, authorities did not specify if they would seek the death penalty;<a href="#cite_note-time_add_charges-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mulligan" title="Michael Mulligan">Michael Mulligan</a> would serve as the Army's lead prosecutor. Mulligan was lead prosecutor on the <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akbar_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Akbar case">Hasan Akbar case</a>, in which a soldier was sentenced to death for the murder of two members of the US military.<a href="#cite_note-Army_Times_Prosecutor-95">[95]</a> John P. Galligan, a retired Army <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps,_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army">JAG</a> colonel, represented Hasan.<a href="#cite_note-Roupenian-96">[96]</a> On November 21, in a hearing held in Hasan's hospital room, a military <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a> ruled there was <a href="/wiki/Probable_cause" title="Probable cause">probable cause</a> Hasan committed the shooting spree at Fort Hood, and ordered pre-trial confinement until his court-martial. Hasan remained in intensive care in accordance with the magistrate's dictate.<a href="#cite_note-Hearing_Army_Times-97">[97]</a> On November 23, Galligan said Hasan would likely plead not guilty to the charges against him, and may use an insanity defense at his court-martial.<a href="#cite_note-Army_Times_Insanity-98">[98]</a> In a press-release, Army public affairs staff stated doctors would evaluate Hasan by mid-January 2010 to determine his competency to stand trial as well as his mental state at the time of the attacks,<a href="#cite_note-Army_Times_Prosecutor-95">[95]</a> but delayed the exam on request from Galligan until after the <a href="/wiki/Article_32_hearing" title="Article 32 hearing">Article 32 hearing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Army dictated Hasan speak only in English on the phone or with visitors unless an interpreter was present.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Hasan was moved from Brooke Army Medical Center to the <a href="/wiki/Bell_County,_Texas" title="Bell County, Texas">Bell County</a> Jail in <a href="/wiki/Belton,_Texas" title="Belton, Texas">Belton, Texas</a>, on April 9, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Fort Hood negotiated a renewable $207,000 contract with Bell County in March to house Hasan for six months.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In a press release, Galligan announced prosecutors would seek the death penalty, stating, "It is the first 'formal notice' but, of course, it is a virtual given from the start. In short, the Army has been pursuing death from the git-go."<a href="#cite_note-CNN_death_penalty-103">[103]</a> The prosecutors filed a memo on April 28, 2010, stating the "aggravating factor" necessary for pursuit of the death penalty will be satisfied if Hasan is found guilty of more than one murder.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_death_penalty-103">[103]</a> The decision to seek the death penalty followed the Article 32 hearing.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_death_penalty-103">[103]</a> In a September 15, 2010, press release, Hasan's attorney stated he intended to seek closed court hearings.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On October 12, 2010, Hasan was due to appear for his first broad <a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">military</a> <a href="/wiki/Hearing_(law)" title="Hearing (law)">hearing</a> into the attack. The hearing, formally called an <a href="/wiki/Article_32" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 32">Article 32</a> <a href="/wiki/Procedural_law" title="Procedural law">proceeding</a>, akin to a grand jury hearing but open to the public, was expected to span six weeks. The hearing, designed to help the top Army commander at Ft. Hood determine whether there was enough evidence to court-martial Hasan, was scheduled to begin calling <a href="/wiki/Witnesses" class="mw-redirect" title="Witnesses">witnesses</a>, but was delayed by technicality disputes.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The hearing proceeded on October 14 with witness testimonies from survivors of the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> On November 15, the military hearing ended after Galligan declined to offer a defense case, on the grounds the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> and Defense Department refused to release documents he requested pertaining to an intelligence review of the shootings. Neither the defense nor prosecution offered to deliver a <a href="/wiki/Closing_argument" title="Closing argument">closing argument</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> On November 18, Colonel <a href="/wiki/James_L._Pohl" title="James L. Pohl">James L. Pohl</a>, investigating officer for the Article 32 hearing, recommended Hasan be court-martialed and face the death penalty. His recommendation was forwarded to another U.S. Army colonel at Fort Hood, who, after filing his report, presented his recommendation to the post commander. The post commander decided Hasan would face a trial and the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On July 6, 2011, the Fort Hood post commander referred the case to a general court-martial authorized to consider the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On July 27, 2011, Fort Hood Chief Circuit Judge Colonel Gregory Gross set a March 5, 2012, trial date. Hasan declined to enter any plea, and Judge Gross granted a request by Hasan's attorneys to defer the plea. Hasan notified Gross he had released John Galligan, his civilian attorney during previous court appearances, choosing to be represented by three military lawyers.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> On February 2, 2012, a military judge delayed the trial until June 12, 2012. Lieutenant Colonel Kris Poppe, Hasan's lead attorney, said the request to delay the trial was "purely a matter of necessity of adequate time for pre-trial preparation".<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> On April 10, 2012, Hasan's lawyers requested another <a href="/wiki/Continuance" title="Continuance">continuance</a> to move the trial start date from June to late October to investigate paperwork and evidence and interview witnesses. Gross agreed to take the request under advisement. Judge Gross denied a defense motion seeking a Defense Initiated Victim Outreach specialist to testify, Fort Hood officials said. The new program is intended to help the defense respond to the needs of survivors and victims' families, and possibly change their attitudes if they support the death penalty. Gross also denied a defense request to force prosecutors to provide notes from meetings and conversations with President Barack Obama, the defense secretary, and other government agents after the November 5, 2009, attacks. Defense attorneys argued they want to determine if anything unlawfully influenced Hasan's chain of command to prosecute him. On April 18, 2012, Judge Gross granted in part the defense motion for a continuance, scheduling the trial for August 20, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In July 2012, after directing Hasan to shave his beard, the judge found Hasan in contempt of court and fined him.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> He was fined once more for retaining his beard, and was warned by Judge <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> Gregory Gross he could be force-shaved prior to his court-martial.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On August 15, Hasan was scheduled to enter pleas to the charges brought against him before the beginning of the court-martial; he would not be allowed to plead guilty for the premeditated murder charges because prosecutors pursued the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The court-martial was delayed by Hasan's objections to being shaved against his will, and his appeal to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces">United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces</a> regarding the matter; through his attorneys, Hasan said his beard is part of his <a href="/wiki/Religious_symbolism_in_the_United_States_military#Beards:_Muslims" title="Religious symbolism in the United States military">religious beliefs</a>. The prosecutors argued Hasan was simply trying to delay his trial.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On August 27, the Appeals Court announced the trial could continue, but did not rule whether Hasan could be force-shaved nor did they set a new date for the start of the trial. The Appeals Court rejected attempts by Hasan to receive "religious accommodation" to grow a beard.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> On September 6, Colonel Gross ruled Hasan be force-shaved after he determined the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act">Religious Freedom Restoration Act</a> did not apply to this case; however, the force-shave will not be enforced until Hasan's appeals are exhausted.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-AKB6SEP12AP-119">[119]</a> During the September 6 hearing, Hasan twice offered to plead guilty; however, U.S. Army rules prohibit judges from accepting a guilty plea in a death penalty case.<a href="#cite_note-AKB6SEP12AP-119">[119]</a> Hasan remained incarcerated and in a wheelchair. He continued to receive paychecks.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> On June 3, 2013, a military judge allowed Hasan to represent himself. His attorneys were to remain on the case, but only if he asked for their help. Jury selection was set to start on June 5, and opening arguments were scheduled to begin on July 1.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> On June 14, 2013, U.S. Army Colonel Tara Osborn dictated Hasan could not claim he was defending the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In a press-release, Hasan justified his actions during the Fort Hood attacks by claiming the US military was at war against Islam.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> During the first day of the trial on August 6, Hasan, representing himself, admitted he was the attacker during the Fort Hood attacks in 2009, and stated the evidence would show he was the attacker. He also told the panel hearing he "switched sides", and regarded himself as a Mujahideen waging "jihad"—waging war—against the US military.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> By August 7, disagreements between Hasan and his stand-by defense team led Judge Osborn to suspend the trial. Hasan's defense attorneys were concerned Hasan was trying to help prosecutors achieve a death sentence. Because the prosecutors sought the death penalty, his defense team sought to prevent this.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On August 8, Judge Osborn ruled Hasan could continue to represent himself during the trial, then rejected his stand-by defense team's requests they take over Hasan's defense or have their roles reduced. The judge also declined the defense lawyers' request they be removed from the case. On August 9, Hasan allowed two of his three stand-by defense lawyers—Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Martin and Major Joseph Marcee—to seek leave to prepare an appeal arguing the defendant was seeking the death penalty, thus undermining their rules of "professional conduct".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> His third attorney Lieutenant Colonel Kris Poppe remained behind to observe the court proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Court proceedings also resumed with the prosecution presenting testimonies from several survivors of the Fort Hood attacks. By August 14, more than sixty prosecution witnesses testified, and each identified Hasan as the attacker. Court proceedings were speedy because Hasan raised few objections and declined to cross-examine most witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> By August 13, prosecutors shifted to presenting forensic evidence with FBI agents present at the crime scene testifying they had so much evidence at the crime scene, they ran out of markers. This evidence included one hundred forty-six cartridge cases and six magazines. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published remarks by Hasan from a mental health report supplied by the defendant's civil attorney John Galligan. According to these documents, Hasan told mental health professionals he "would still be a martyr" if he was convicted and executed.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Hasan, acting as his defense lawyer, offered to share the report with prosecutors during his court-martial. However, on August 14, Judge Osborn blocked prosecutors from seeing the report.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On August 19, she also excluded prosecuting evidence relating to Hasan's early radicalization, plus evidence which presented the Fort Hood attacks as a "copycat" based on the actions of <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Akbar">Hasan Akbar</a>, U.S. Army soldier sentenced to death.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On August 20, 2013, prosecutors rested their case against Hasan. They called nearly ninety witnesses over eleven days with the fast pace of proceedings attributed to Hasan's refusal to cross-examine most witnesses. Throughout the proceedings, he only questioned three witnesses. While the defense was scheduled to present his case on Wednesday, Hasan indicated he had no plans to call any defense witnesses. Earlier, he planned to call two defense witnesses: one a mitigation expert in capital murder cases, and the other a California university professor specializing in philosophy and religion. Hasan also formally declined to argue prosecutors failed to prove their case.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Hasan did not call any witnesses or testify in his defense; he rested his defense on August 21, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> On August 22, 2013, Hasan declined to give a closing argument.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verdict_and_sentencing">Verdict and sentencing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Verdict and sentencing">edit</a>]</div> On August 23, 2013, the military jury consisting of nine <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonels</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonels</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT20130828-138">[138]</a> convicted Hasan of all charges, making him eligible for the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Those deliberations began on August 26, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> By August 27, the thirteen-member panel of jurors heard testimony from twenty-four victims and family members of those wounded and killed during the 2009 Fort Hood attacks against American armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Throughout the proceedings, Hasan declined to speak in his defense or question any of the witnesses. He also did not provide any material explaining his decision to not mount a defense throughout the trial and sentencing. At the end, Hasan, acting as his attorney, told jurors the defense rested his case. Judge Tara Osborn accepted Hasan's decision. In his final statement, lead prosecutor Colonel Mike Mulligan said <blockquote>[Hasan] can never be a martyr because he has nothing to give ... Do not be misled; do not be confused; do not be fooled. He is not giving his life. We are taking his life. This is not his gift to God, it's his debt to society. He will not now and will not ever be a martyr.<a href="#cite_note-fox-142">[142]</a></blockquote> The jurors re-convened to decide sentencing.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On August 28, 2013, the jurors recommended Hasan be sentenced to death.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The panel also recommended Hasan forfeit his military pay and be <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge#Analogous_proceedings_for_commissioned_officers" title="Military discharge">dismissed</a> from the Army, a separation for officers carrying the same consequences as a <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge#Dishonorable_discharge_(DD)" title="Military discharge">dishonorable discharge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Due to mandatory appeals and the military's historical reluctance to execute convicts, any execution is years away.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction">Reaction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reaction">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Praise_from_Islamic_extremists">Praise from Islamic extremists</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Praise from Islamic extremists">edit</a>]</div> Some Muslims claimed the events in Islamist terms for political purposes. After the Fort Hood attacks, <a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a> praised Hasan's actions:<a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-148">[148]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Nidal Hassan [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] is a hero. He is a man of conscience who could not bear living the contradiction of being a Muslim and serving in an army fighting against his people [...] Any decent Muslim cannot live, understanding properly his duties toward his Creator and his fellow Muslims, and yet serve as a member of the US armed forces. The U.S. is leading the war against terrorism which, in reality, is a war against Islam.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></blockquote> Al-Awlaki posted this as part of a lengthy Internet message.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_homegrown-151">[151]</a> In March 2010, Al Qaeda spokesman <a href="/wiki/Adam_Yahiye_Gadahn" title="Adam Yahiye Gadahn">Adam Yahiye Gadahn</a> praised Hasan, saying, although he was not a member of Al Qaeda, the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Mujahid brother [...] shown us what one righteous Muslim with an assault rifle [sic] can do for his religion and brothers in faith [...] is a pioneer, a trail-blazer, and a role-model [...] and yearns to discharge his duty to Allah and play a part in the defense of Muslims against the savage, heartless, and bloody Zionist Crusader assault on our religion, sacred places, and homelands.<a href="#cite_note-NEFA_transcript-152">[152]</a></blockquote> Hours before the attacks, CNN posted an interview and video of a New York city organization called <a href="/wiki/Revolution_Muslim" title="Revolution Muslim">Revolution Muslim</a>, in which Younes Abdullah Mohammed (a Jew converted to Islam) spoke outside a New York mosque, saying U.S. armed forces are "legitimate targets", and Osama bin Laden was their model. The evening after the attacks, Revolution Muslim posted support for Hasan on their website, one of the few American sites to do so. In the video, RM described American armed forces as "slain terrorists in the eternal hellfire".<a href="#cite_note-adl-153">[153]</a> Some Muslims condemned the organization.<a href="#cite_note-adl-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> A November 2009 press-release from the Ansar Al-Mujahideen Network cited Hasan as a role model. They congratulated him for his "brave and heroic deed" for standing up to the "modern Zionist-Christian Crusades" against Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-adl-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retrospective_analyses">Retrospective analyses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Retrospective analyses">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Selena_Coppa" title="Selena Coppa">Selena Coppa</a>, an activist opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">U.S. occupation of Iraq</a>, said: "This man was a mental health professional and was working with other mental health professionals every day, and they failed to notice how deeply-disturbed someone right in their midst was."<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_3-155">[155]</a> Hasan's perceived beliefs were also a cause for concern among some of his peers. According to an anonymous source, Hasan was disciplined for "<a href="/wiki/Proselytism#Islam" title="Proselytism">proselytizing</a> about his Muslim faith with patients and colleagues" while at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).<a href="#cite_note-NPR_1-156">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a> reported an incident in which some attendees felt that one of his lectures, expected to be of a medical nature, became a diatribe against "<a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">infidels</a>". Air Force doctor Val Finnell, a former medical school classmate, complained to superiors about Hasan's "anti-American rants". Finnell said: "The system is not doing what it's supposed to do. He at least should have been confronted about these beliefs, told to cease and desist, and to shape up or ship out."<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_3-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jarret_Brachman" title="Jarret Brachman">Jarret Brachman</a>, a scholar of terrorism, said Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki raised "huge red flags". According to Brachman, al-Awlaki is a major influence internationally on English-speaking jihadists.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-157">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a> reported on November 17 that law enforcement officials suspected the attacks were triggered by the refusal of Hasan's superiors to process his requests seeking to have some of his patients prosecuted for <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> based on statements they made during psychiatric sessions with him. Dallas attorney Patrick McLain, a former Marine, opined that Hasan was lawfully justified in sharing privileged information from his patients, but it was impossible to be sure without knowing that information. Some fellow psychiatrists complained to superiors Hasan's requests violated <a href="/wiki/Physician%E2%80%93patient_privilege" title="Physician–patient privilege">physician–patient privilege</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DMN-158">[158]</a> Shortly after the attacks, General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the Army, said the "real tragedy" would be harming the cause of diversity, saying, "As great a tragedy as this was, it would be a shame if our diversity became a casualty as well."<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Several months later, in a February 2010 interview, Casey said, "Our diversity—not only in our Army, but in our country, is a strength. And as horrific as this tragedy was, if our diversity becomes a casualty, I think that's worse."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> FBI Director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William Webster</a>, a former director of the FBI, to conduct an independent review of the bureau's handling of investigations related to Hasan and whether they missed indicators of an attack. Webster was selected for the job due to, as Mueller stated, being "uniquely qualified" for such a review,<a href="#cite_note-Webster-161">[161]</a> and the Webster Commission's press-release includes several recommendations including written policies to "[...] clarify the ownership of leads, integration of databases, and acquiring search capabilities for all relevant databases based on computational analysis of textual data to replace simple keyword searches [...]".<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Media_analysis_and_political_statements">Media analysis and political statements</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media analysis and political statements">edit</a>]</div> On the November 9, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Sunday" title="Fox News Sunday">Fox News Sunday</a> show, U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> called for a probe by his <a href="/wiki/Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a>. In his press-release, Lieberman said, <blockquote>if the reports we're receiving of various statements he made, acts he took, are valid, he turned to Islamist extremism [...] if that is true, the murder of these thirteen people was a terrorist act [...] I think it's very important to let the Army and the FBI go forward with this investigation before we reach any conclusions.<a href="#cite_note-CQ-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hill-164">[164]</a></blockquote> The November 23 cover of the European and U.S. editions of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine featured a photograph of Hasan, with the title "Terrorist?" over his eyes.<a href="#cite_note-Magazine_Cover-165">[165]</a> Nancy Gibbs reported the cover story: "Hasan matched the classic model of the lone, strange, crazy killer: the quiet and gentle man who formed few close human attachments."<a href="#cite_note-Time-166">[166]</a> She noted, "Hasan's motives were mixed enough that everyone with an agenda could find markers in the trail he left."<a href="#cite_note-Time-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hoffman" title="Bruce Hoffman">Bruce Hoffman</a>, a terrorism scholar and <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> professor, told Gibbs "I used to argue it was only terrorism if it were part of some identifiable organized conspiracy [...] the nature of terrorism is changing, and Major Hasan may be an example of that".<a href="#cite_note-Time-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a> also questioned whether Hasan was a terrorist.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> On November 14, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> stated, "Major Hasan may be the latest example of an increasingly common type of terrorist, self-radicalized with the help of the Internet, and wreaks havoc without support from overseas networks and without having to cross a border to reach his target."<a href="#cite_note-NY_Times_Nov_14-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prison_life">Prison life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Prison life">edit</a>]</div> Following his conviction and sentencing, Nidal Hasan was incarcerated at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Disciplinary_Barracks" title="United States Disciplinary Barracks">United States Disciplinary Barracks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> in Kansas to await execution. According to Chris Haug, Fort Hood's Chief of Media Relations, Hasan was stripped of his rank and dismissed from the U.S. Army.<a href="#cite_note-JandaG20130905-13">[13]</a> Hasan would be referred to as "Inmate Nidal Hasan".<a href="#cite_note-JandaG20130905-13">[13]</a> On September 5, 2013, prison staff force-shaved Hasan. Fort Leavenworth authorities justified their decision by citing Hasan would be subject to Army regulations although he was dismissed from the Army and forfeited all pay and allowances. Despite Army regulations banning personnel from facial hair, Hasan stopped shaving following the Fort Hood attacks in 2009 by citing his religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Although no new photos of Hasan have been released since his incarceration, military authorities confirmed that a video recording of the force-shaving exists, as per military regulations. In response, John Galligan, Hasan's former civilian lawyer, planned to sue the military for violating his religious beliefs. Galligan argued a military council in 2012 allowed Hasan to keep his beard for the duration of the trial, and dismissed the Army's actions as vindictive.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> On August 28, 2014, Hasan's attorney said Hasan wrote to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>, then head of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL). In the letter, Hasan requested to be made a citizen of the Islamic State, and included his signature and the abbreviation SoA (Soldier of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>).<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In January 2015, it was reported that despite the lengthy appeals process, Hasan was "eager to follow his path to martyrdom" as soon as possible.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> On December 7, 2020, The U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals uphold Hasan's death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> On September 11, 2023, The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces uphold Hasan's death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The Israeli singer Eric Berman, in his album "Oh Pathetic Ridiculous Heart," composed the song "Not A Simple Story" following the background of the attacks. The song describes Hasan's biography and his deterioration leading him to attack.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/21px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/42px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_military" title="Capital punishment by the United States military">Capital punishment by the United States military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihobbyist" title="Jihobbyist">Jihobbyist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="List of mass shootings in the United States">List of mass shootings in the United States</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Hasan testified at his court-martial that he had "switched sides" and regarded himself as a Mujahideen waging "jihad" against the United States. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAllen2013" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Nick (August 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/10226875/I-am-the-shooter-US-army-major-Nidal-Hasan-declares-as-he-faces-court-martial-over-Fort-Hood-massacre.html">"'I am the shooter': US army major Nidal Hasan declares as he faces court martial over Fort Hood massacre"</a>. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028044959/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/11/09/ST2009110903704.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2010. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/gallery/2009/11/10/GA2009111000920.html">the original</a> on November 19, 2009. 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August 6, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825233703/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2013/08/06/fort-hood-trial-brings-together-attacker-victims/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2013. 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November 6, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091109114003/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,572588,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2009. 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Retrieved November 8, 2009. <q>The authorities have not ruled out terrorism in the shooting, but they said the preliminary evidence suggests that it wasn't.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Terrorism+or+Tragic+Shooting%3F+Analysts+Divided+on+Fort+Hood+Massacre&rft.date=2009-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fterrorism-or-tragic-shooting-analysts-divided-on-fort-hood-massacre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_1-87"><a href="#cite_ref-AP_1_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8795347">"Hospital: Fort Hood suspect moved to San Antonio"</a>. The Guardian. London. Associated Press. 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Retrieved August 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jude+Osborn+rules+out+evidence+of+early+extremism&rft.date=2013-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FUS%2F2013%2F08%2F19%2FJudge-in-Hasan-case-rules-out-evidence-of-early-extremism%2FUPI-54251376935585%2F%3Fspt%3Dhs%26or%3Dtn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraczykWeber2013" class="citation news cs1">Graczyk, Michael; Weber, Paul (August 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/20/fort-hood-nidal_n_3784280.html">"Nidal Hasan, Suspect in Fort Hood Shootings, will get his turn in court waits"</a>. 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Yahoo News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821143817/http://news.yahoo.com/no-defense-suspect-2009-fort-hood-shooting-141121037.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+defense+from+suspect+in+2009+Fort+Hood+shooting&rft.pub=Yahoo+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fno-defense-suspect-2009-fort-hood-shooting-141121037.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/military-jurors-end-deliberations-for-the-day-in-fort-hood-shooting-rampage-case">"Hasan declines to give closing argument in Fort Hood shooting rampage trial"</a>. Fox News. 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Retrieved August 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Hasan+declines+to+give+closing+argument+in+Fort+Hood+shooting+rampage+trial&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fmilitary-jurors-end-deliberations-for-the-day-in-fort-hood-shooting-rampage-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT20130828-138"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT20130828_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2013" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Manny (August 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/29/us/jury-weighs-sentence-for-fort-hood-shooting.html">"Jury Sentences Hasan to Death for Fort Hood Rampage"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901025436/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/29/us/jury-weighs-sentence-for-fort-hood-shooting.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jury+Sentences+Hasan+to+Death+for+Fort+Hood+Rampage&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Manny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F08%2F29%2Fus%2Fjury-weighs-sentence-for-fort-hood-shooting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/28/us/nidal-hasan-sentencing/index.html?hpt=hp_c2">"Fort Hood shooting jury recommends death penalty for Nidal Hasan"</a>. CNN. November 5, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830210358/http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/28/us/nidal-hasan-sentencing/index.html?hpt=hp_c2">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fort+Hood+shooting+jury+recommends+death+penalty+for+Nidal+Hasan&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F08%2F28%2Fus%2Fnidal-hasan-sentencing%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_c2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenber2013" class="citation news cs1">Kenber, Billy (August 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nidal-hasan-convicted-of-fort-hood-killings/2013/08/23/39c468c8-0c03-11e3-9941-6711ed662e71_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost">"Nidal Hasan convicted of Fort Hood killings"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702004547/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nidal-hasan-convicted-of-fort-hood-killings/2013/08/23/39c468c8-0c03-11e3-9941-6711ed662e71_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2014. 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Fox News. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901081950/http://video.foxnews.com/v/2632323746001/">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penalty+phase+of+Ft.+Hood+court-martial%3A+prosecution+rests&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.foxnews.com%2Fv%2F2632323746001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-142"><a href="#cite_ref-fox_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/fort-hood-gunman-maj-nidal-hasan-sentenced-to-death/#ixzz2dIl2KWOz">"Fort Hood gunman Maj. Nidal Hasan sentenced to death"</a>. Fox News. 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Retrieved August 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Fort+Hood+gunman+Maj.+Nidal+Hasan+sentenced+to+death&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Ffort-hood-gunman-maj-nidal-hasan-sentenced-to-death%2F%23ixzz2dIl2KWOz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANidal+Hasan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMears2013" class="citation web cs1">Mears, Bill (August 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/justice/nidal-hasan-sentencing/index.html">"Fort Hood shooter Nidal Hasan addresses court-martial panel briefly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006235849/https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/27/justice/nidal-hasan-sentencing/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021. 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Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010102516/https://www.foxnews.com/us/fort-hood-shooter-nidal-hasan-rests-case-without-speaking-at-sentencing-phase-of-trial">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2021. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Alleged militants in the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a> who have lived in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>People listed in italics have died.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atta" title="Mohamed Atta">Mohamed Atta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satam_al-Suqami" title="Satam al-Suqami">Satam al-Suqami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleed_al-Shehri" title="Waleed al-Shehri">Waleed al-Shehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wail_al-Shehri" title="Wail al-Shehri">Wail al-Shehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_al-Omari" title="Abdulaziz al-Omari">Abdulaziz al-Omari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_al-Shehhi" title="Marwan al-Shehhi">Marwan al-Shehhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayez_Banihammad" title="Fayez Banihammad">Fayez Banihammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohand_al-Shehri" title="Mohand al-Shehri">Mohand al-Shehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_al-Ghamdi" title="Hamza al-Ghamdi">Hamza al-Ghamdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Ghamdi" title="Ahmed al-Ghamdi">Ahmed al-Ghamdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Hanjour" title="Hani Hanjour">Hani Hanjour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Mihdhar" title="Khalid al-Mihdhar">Khalid al-Mihdhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majed_Moqed" title="Majed Moqed">Majed Moqed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaf_al-Hazmi" title="Nawaf al-Hazmi">Nawaf al-Hazmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_al-Hazmi" title="Salem al-Hazmi">Salem al-Hazmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziad_Jarrah" title="Ziad Jarrah">Ziad Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Nami" title="Ahmed al-Nami">Ahmed al-Nami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_al-Ghamdi" title="Saeed al-Ghamdi">Saeed al-Ghamdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Haznawi" title="Ahmed al-Haznawi">Ahmed al-Haznawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Six" title="Buffalo Six">Buffalo Six</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahim_Alwan" title="Sahim Alwan">Sahim Alwan</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Bakri" title="Mukhtar al-Bakri">Mukhtar al-Bakri</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Derwish" title="Kamal Derwish">Kamal Derwish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaber_A._Elbaneh" title="Jaber A. Elbaneh">Jaber A. Elbaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Galab" title="Faysal Galab">Faysal Galab</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Goba" title="Yahya Goba">Yahya Goba</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafal_Mosed" title="Shafal Mosed">Shafal Mosed</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaseinn_Taher" title="Yaseinn Taher">Yaseinn Taher</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>/<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">al-Jihad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Yahiye_Gadahn" title="Adam Yahiye Gadahn">Adam Yahiye Gadahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadih_el-Hage" title="Wadih el-Hage">Wadih el-Hage</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Khaleel" title="Ziyad Khaleel">Ziyad Khaleel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Abu_al-Dahab" title="Khaled Abu al-Dahab">Khaled Abu al-Dahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohamed_(double_agent)" title="Ali Mohamed (double agent)">Ali Mohamed</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacarias_Moussaoui" title="Zacarias Moussaoui">Zacarias Moussaoui</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aafia_Siddiqui" title="Aafia Siddiqui">Aafia Siddiqui</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Neal_Vinas" title="Bryant Neal Vinas">Bryant Neal Vinas</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najibullah_Zazi" title="Najibullah Zazi">Najibullah Zazi</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> cab drivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Elzahabi" title="Mohamad Elzahabi">Mohamad Elzahabi</a>2</li> <li>Nabil al-Marabh2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raed_Hijazi" title="Raed Hijazi">Raed Hijazi</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Kanj" title="Bassam Kanj">Bassam Kanj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portland_Seven" title="Portland Seven">Portland Seven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Battle" title="Jeffrey Battle">Jeffrey Battle</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Bilal" title="Ahmed Bilal">Ahmed Bilal</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Bilal" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Bilal">Muhammad Ibrahim Bilal</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba_Ford" title="Patrice Lumumba Ford">Patrice Lumumba Ford</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hawash" title="Mike Hawash">Mike Hawash</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Lewis" title="October Lewis">October Lewis</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habis_Abdulla_al_Saoub" title="Habis Abdulla al Saoub">Habis Abdulla al Saoub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arrested in 2005 and convicted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abdulrahman Farhane1</li> <li>Mahmud al-Mutazzim1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiq_Abdus_Sabir" title="Rafiq Abdus Sabir">Rafiq Abdus Sabir</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarik_Shah" title="Tarik Shah">Tarik Shah</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_City_Seven" title="Liberty City Seven">Liberty City Seven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Patrick Abraham1</li> <li>Burson Augustin1</li> <li>Rotschild Augustine1</li> <li>Narseal Batiste1</li> <li>Stanley Phanor1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2007_Fort_Dix_attack_plot" title="2007 Fort Dix attack plot">2007 Fort Dix plot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Agron Abdullahu2</li> <li>Dritan Duka1</li> <li>Eljvir Duka1</li> <li>Shain Duka1</li> <li>Mohamad Ibrahim Shnewer1</li> <li>Serdar Tatar1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/D.C._Five" title="D.C. Five">D.C. Five</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Umer Farooq1</li> <li>Waqar Khan1</li> <li>Ahmed Abdullah Minni1</li> <li>Aman Hassan Yasir1</li> <li>Ramy Zamzam1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirwa_Ahmed" title="Shirwa Ahmed">Shirwa Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_al-Bahrumi" title="Yahya al-Bahrumi">Yahya al-Bahrumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arabian_Knight" title="Operation Arabian Knight">Mohamed Mahmood Alessa / Carlos Eduardo Almonte</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Boyd" title="Daniel Patrick Boyd">Daniel Patrick Boyd</a>1 / <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_jihad_group" title="Raleigh jihad group">Raleigh jihad group</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Walker_Lindh" title="John Walker Lindh">John Walker Lindh</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Malike" title="Sayed Malike">Sayed Malike</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Gulshair_el_Shukrijumah" title="Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah">Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Columbus,_Ohio_shopping_mall_bombing_plot" title="2002 Columbus, Ohio shopping mall bombing plot">Nuradin Abdi</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Omar_Abu_Ali" title="Ahmed Omar Abu Ali">Ahmed Omar Abu Ali</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farooque_Ahmed" title="Farooque Ahmed">Farooque Ahmed</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyman_Faris" title="Iyman Faris">Iyman Faris</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezwan_Ferdaus" title="Rezwan Ferdaus">Rezwan Ferdaus</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Finton" title="Michael Finton">Michael Finton</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_Kenan_Mohammad" title="Jude Kenan Mohammad">Jude Kenan Mohammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg#Islamist-related_personas" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">”AustraliWitness”</a>1</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nidal Hasan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Headley" title="David Headley">David Headley</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Maldonado" title="Daniel Maldonado">Daniel Maldonado</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Padilla_(criminal)" title="José Padilla (criminal)">José Padilla</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahawwur_Hussain_Rana" title="Tahawwur Hussain Rana">Tahawwur Hussain Rana</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtis_Reynolds" title="Michael Curtis Reynolds">Michael Curtis Reynolds</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Shahzad" title="Faisal Shahzad">Faisal Shahzad</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosam_Maher_Husein_Smadi" title="Hosam Maher Husein Smadi">Hosam Maher Husein Smadi</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Khan_(detainee)" title="Majid Khan (detainee)">Majid Khan</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Pimentel" title="Jose Pimentel">Jose Pimentel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Sleeper_Cell" title="Detroit Sleeper Cell">Detroit Sleeper Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_jihad_network" title="Virginia jihad network">Virginia jihad network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Los_Angeles_bomb_plot" title="2005 Los Angeles bomb plot">2005 Los Angeles bomb plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_recruiting_office_shooting" title="Little Rock recruiting office shooting">2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Portland_car_bomb_plot" title="2010 Portland car bomb plot">2010 Portland car bomb plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Manhattan_terrorism_plot" title="2011 Manhattan terrorism plot">2011 Manhattan plot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Currently imprisoned.   2 Released after serving sentence.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400551#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400551#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400551#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/161051514">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1783746/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjHjpQ4QDhTcWyYphw3cP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010204431">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&oldid=1259965504">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Hasan&oldid=1259965504</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970_births" title="Category:1970 births">1970 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_criminals" title="Category:21st-century American criminals">21st-century American criminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_mass_murderers" title="Category:American mass murderers">American mass murderers</a></li><li><a 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