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cake</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sponge cake"> <meta name="keywords" content="sponge cake"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sponge cake"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 150</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sponge cake</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Response to Filter Cake and Macadamia Husk Compost in Two Agro-Ecologies of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayode%20Fatokun">Kayode Fatokun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nozipho%20N.%20Motsa"> Nozipho N. Motsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field experiments were carried out during the summer/autumn (first trial) and winter/spring (second trial) seasons of 2019 and 2021 inDlangubo, Ngwelezane, and Mtubatubaareas of KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa to study the drought amelioration effects and impact of 2 locally available organic wastes [filter cake (FC) and macadamia husk compost (MHC)] on the productivity, and physiological responses of 4 orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivars (Buregard cv., Impilo, W-119 and 199062.1). The effects of FC and MHC were compared with that of inorganic fertilizer (IF) [2:3:2 (30)], FC+IF, MHC+IF, and control. The soil amendments were applied in the first trials only. Climatic data such as humidity, temperature, and rainfall were taken via remote sensing. The results of the first trial indicated that filter cake and IF significantly performed better than MHC. While the strength of filter cake may be attributable to its rich array of mineral nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, and phosphorus. The little performance from MHC may be attributable to its water holding capacity. Also, a positive correction occurred between the yield of the test OFSP cultivars and climatic factors such as rainfall, NDVI, and NDWI values. Whereas the inorganic fertilizer did not have any significant effect on the growth and productivity of any of the tested sweet potato cultivars in the second trial; FC, and MHC largely maintained their significant performances. In conclusion, the use of FC is highly recommended in the production of the test orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivars. Also, the study indicated that both FC and MHC may not only supply the needed plant nutrients but has the capacity to reduce the impact of drought on the growth of the test cultivars. These findings are of great value to farmers, especially the resource-poorones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendments" title="amendments">amendments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20cake" title=" filter cake"> filter cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macadamia%20husk%20compost" title=" macadamia husk compost"> macadamia husk compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweet%20potato" title=" sweet potato"> sweet potato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154859/orange-fleshed-sweet-potato-response-to-filter-cake-and-macadamia-husk-compost-in-two-agro-ecologies-of-kwazulu-natal-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> An Energy Integration Study While Utilizing Heat of Flue Gas: Sponge Iron Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Ramanaiah">Venkata Ramanaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabina%20Khanam"> Shabina Khanam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enormous potential for saving energy is available in coal-based sponge iron plants as these are associated with the high percentage of energy wastage per unit sponge iron production. An energy integration option is proposed, in the present paper, to a coal based sponge iron plant of 100 tonnes per day production capacity, being operated in India using SL/RN (Stelco-Lurgi/Republic Steel-National Lead) process. It consists of the rotary kiln, rotary cooler, dust settling chamber, after burning chamber, evaporating cooler, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), wet scrapper and chimney as important equipment. Principles of process integration are used in the proposed option. It accounts for preheating kiln inlet streams like kiln feed and slinger coal up to 170ᴼC using waste gas exiting ESP. Further, kiln outlet stream is cooled from 1020ᴼC to 110ᴼC using kiln air. The working areas in the plant where energy is being lost and can be conserved are identified. Detailed material and energy balances are carried out around the sponge iron plant, and a modified model is developed, to find coal requirement of proposed option, based on hot utility, heat of reactions, kiln feed and air preheating, radiation losses, dolomite decomposition, the heat required to vaporize the coal volatiles, etc. As coal is used as utility and process stream, an iterative approach is used in solution methodology to compute coal consumption. Further, water consumption, operating cost, capital investment, waste gas generation, profit, and payback period of the modification are computed. Along with these, operational aspects of the proposed design are also discussed. To recover and integrate waste heat available in the plant, three gas-solid heat exchangers and four insulated ducts with one FD fan for each are installed additionally. Thus, the proposed option requires total capital investment of $0.84 million. Preheating of kiln feed, slinger coal and kiln air streams reduce coal consumption by 24.63% which in turn reduces waste gas generation by 25.2% in comparison to the existing process. Moreover, 96% reduction in water is also observed, which is the added advantage of the modification. Consequently, total profit is found as $2.06 million/year with payback period of 4.97 months only. The energy efficient factor (EEF), which is the % of the maximum energy that can be saved through design, is found to be 56.7%. Results of the proposed option are also compared with literature and found in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20consumption" title="coal consumption">coal consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation" title=" energy conservation"> energy conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20integration" title=" process integration"> process integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20iron%20plant" title=" sponge iron plant"> sponge iron plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89609/an-energy-integration-study-while-utilizing-heat-of-flue-gas-sponge-iron-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Productivity and Nutrient Uptake of Cotton as Influenced by Application of Organic Nitrification Inhibitors and Fertilizer Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemlata%20Chitte">Hemlata Chitte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Chorey"> Anita Chorey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Bhale"> V. M. Bhale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Tijare"> Bharti Tijare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013-14 at Agronomy research farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola, to study the productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in cotton using organic nitrification inhibitors. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications each having nine treatment combinations comprising three fertilizer levels viz., 75% RDF (F1), 100% RDF (F2) and 125% RDF (F3) and three nitrification inhibitors viz., neem cake @ 300 kgha-1 (N1), karanj cake @ 300 kgha-1 (N2) and control (N3). The result showed that various growth attributes viz., plant height, number of functional leaves plant-1, monopodial and sympodial branches and leaf area plant-1(dm2) were maximum in fertilizer level 125% RDF over fertilizer level 75% RDF and which at par with 100% RDF. In case of yield attributes and yield, number of bolls per plant, Seed cotton yield and stalk yield kg ha-1 significantly higher in fertilizer level 125% RDF over 100% RDF and 75% RDF. Uptake of NPK kg ha-1 after harvest of cotton crop was significantly higher in fertilizer level 125% RDF over 100% RDF and 75% RDF. Significantly highest nitrogen use efficiency was recorded with fertilizer level 75 % RDF as compared to 100 % RDF and lowest nitrogen use efficiency was recorded with 125% RDF level. Amongst nitrification inhibitors, karanj cake @ 300 kg ha-1 increases potentiality of growth characters, yield attributes, uptake of NPK and NUE as compared to control and at par with neem cake @ 300 kgha-1. Interaction effect between fertilizer level and nitrification inhibitors were found to be non significant at all growth attributes and uptake of nutrient but was significant in respect of seed cotton yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer%20level" title=" fertilizer level"> fertilizer level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification%20inhibitor%20and%20nitrogen%20use%20efficiency" title=" nitrification inhibitor and nitrogen use efficiency"> nitrification inhibitor and nitrogen use efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20uptake" title=" nutrient uptake "> nutrient uptake </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19136/productivity-and-nutrient-uptake-of-cotton-as-influenced-by-application-of-organic-nitrification-inhibitors-and-fertilizer-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">621</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Improving the Bioprocess Phenotype of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Sponge Decoy Mediated MiRNA Knockdowns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Kellner">Kevin Kellner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nga%20Lao"> Nga Lao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orla%20Coleman"> Orla Coleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Meleady"> Paula Meleady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niall%20Barron"> Niall Barron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the prominent cell line used in biopharmaceutical production. To improve yields and find beneficial bioprocess phenotypes genetic engineering plays an essential role in recent research. The miR-23 cluster, specifically miR-24 and miR-27, was first identified as differentially expressed during hypothermic conditions suggesting a role in proliferation and productivity in CHO cells. In this study, we used sponge decoy technology to stably deplete the miRNA expression of the cluster. Furthermore, we implemented the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockdown miRNA expression. Sponge constructs were designed for an imperfect binding of the miRNA target, protecting from RISC mediated cleavage. GuideRNAs for the CRISPR/Cas9 system were designed to target the seed region of the miRNA. The expression of mature miRNA and precursor were confirmed using RT-qPCR. For both approaches stable expressing mixed populations were generated and characterised in batch cultures. It was shown, that CRISPR/Cas9 can be implemented in CHO cells with achieving high knockdown efficacy of every single member of the cluster. Targeting of one miRNA member showed that its genomic paralog is successfully targeted as well. The stable depletion of miR-24 using CRISPR/Cas9 showed increased growth and specific productivity in a CHO-K1 mAb expressing cell line. This phenotype was further characterized using quantitative label-free LC-MS/MS showing 186 proteins differently expressed with 19 involved in proliferation and 26 involved in protein folding/translation. Targeting miR-27 in the same cell line showed increased viability in late stages of the culture compared to the control. To evaluate the phenotype in an industry relevant cell line; the miR-23 cluster, miR-24 and miR-27 were stably depleted in a Fc fusion CHO-S cell line which showed increased batch titers up to 1.5-fold. In this work, we highlighted that the stable depletion of the miR-23 cluster and its members can improve the bioprocess phenotype concerning growth and productivity in two different cell lines. Furthermore, we showed that using CRISPR/Cas9 is comparable to the traditional sponge decoy technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20Hamster%20ovary%20cells" title="Chinese Hamster ovary cells">Chinese Hamster ovary cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title=" CRISPR/Cas9"> CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNAs" title=" microRNAs"> microRNAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20decoy%20technology" title=" sponge decoy technology"> sponge decoy technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75484/improving-the-bioprocess-phenotype-of-chinese-hamster-ovary-cells-using-crisprcas9-and-sponge-decoy-mediated-mirna-knockdowns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Spatial Variability of Renieramycin-M Production in the Philippine Blue Sponge, Xestospongia Sp.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geminne%20Manzano">Geminne Manzano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Porfirio%20Ali%C3%B1o"> Porfirio Aliño</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clairecynth%20Yu"> Clairecynth Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lilibeth%20Salvador-Reyes"> Lilibeth Salvador-Reyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viviene%20Santiago"> Viviene Santiago</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many marine benthic organisms produce secondary metabolites that serve as ecological roles to different biological and environmental factors. The secondary metabolites found in these organisms like algae, sponges, tunicates and worms exhibit variation at different scales. Understanding the chemical variation can be essential in deriving the evolutionary and ecological function of the secondary metabolites that may explain their patterns. Ecological surveys were performed on two collection sites representing from two Philippine marine biogeographic regions – in Oriental Mindoro located on the West Philippine Sea (WPS) and in Zamboanga del Sur located at Celebes Sea (CS), where a total of 39 Xestospongia sp. sponges were collected using SCUBA. The sponge samples were transported to the laboratory for taxonomic identification and chemical analysis. Biological and environmental factors were investigated to determine their relation to the abundance and distribution patterns and its spatial variability of their secondary metabolite production. Extracts were subjected to thin-layer chromatography and anti-proliferative assays to confirm the presence of Renieramycin-M and to test its cytotoxicity. The blue sponges were found to be more abundant on the WPS than in CS. Both the benthic community and the fish community in Oriental Mindoro, WPS and Zamboanga del Sur, CS sites are characterized by high species diversity and abundance and a very high biomass category. Environmental factors like depth and monsoonal exposure were also compared showing that wave exposure and depth are associated with the abundance and distribution of the sponges. Renieramycin-M presence using the TLC profiles between the sponge extracts from WPS and from CS showed differences in the Reniermycin-M presence and the presence of other functional groups were observed between the two sites. In terms of bioactivity, different responses were also exhibited by the sponge extracts coming from the different region. Different responses were also noted on its bioactivity depending on the cell lines tested. Exploring the influence of ecological parameters on the chemical variation can provide deeper chemical ecological insights in the knowledge and their potential varied applications at different scales. The results of this study provide further impetus in pursuing studies into patterns and processes of the chemical diversity of the Philippine blue sponge, Xestospongia sp. and the chemical ecological significance of the coral triangle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20ecology" title="chemical ecology">chemical ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porifera" title=" porifera"> porifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renieramycin-m" title=" renieramycin-m"> renieramycin-m</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20variability" title=" spatial variability"> spatial variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xestospongia%20sp." title=" Xestospongia sp."> Xestospongia sp.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52655/spatial-variability-of-renieramycin-m-production-in-the-philippine-blue-sponge-xestospongia-sp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Effect of Synthetic L-Lysine and DL-Methionine Amino Acids on Performance of Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Ali">S. M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20I.%20Mohamed"> S. I. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reduction of feed cost for broiler production is at most importance in decreasing the cost of production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of synthetic amino acids (L-lysine – DL-methionine) instead of super concentrate and groundnut cake versus meat powder as protein sources. A total of 180 male broiler chicks (Cobb – strain) at 15 day of age (DOA) were selected according to their average body weight (380 g) from a broiler chicks flock at Elbashair Farm. The chicks were randomly divided into six groups of 30 chicks. Each group was further sub divided into three replicates with 10 birds. Six experimental diets were formulated. The first diet contained groundnut cake and super concentrate as the control (GNC + C); in the second diet, meat powder and super concentrate (MP + C) were used. The third diet contained groundnut cake and amino acids (GNC + AA); the forth diet contained meat powder and amino acids (MP + AA). The fifth diet contained groundnut cake, meat powder and super concentrate (GNC + MP + C) and the sixth diet contained groundnut cake, meat powder and amino acids (GNC + MP + AA). The formulated rations were randomly assigned for the different sub groups in a completely randomized design of six treatments and three replicates. Weekly feed intake, body weight and mortality were recorded and body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. At the end of the experiment (49 DOA), nine birds from each treatment were slaughtered. Live body weight, carcass weight, head, shank, and some internal organs (gizzard, heart, liver, small intestine, and abdominal fat pad) weights were taken. For the overall experimental period the (GNC + C +MP) consumed significantly (P≤0.01) the highest cumulative feed while the (MP + AA) group consumed the lowest amount of feed. The (GNC + C) and the (GNC + AA) groups had the heaviest live body weight while (MP + AA) had the lowest live body weight. The overall FCR was significantly (P≤0.01) the best for (GNC + AA) group while the (MP + AA) reported the worst FCR. However, the (GNC + AA) had significantly (P≤0.01) the lowest AFP. The (GNC + MP + Con) group had the highest dressing % while the (MP + AA) group had the lowest dressing %. It is concluded that amino acids can be used instead of super concentrate in broiler feeding with perfect performance and less cost and that meat powder is not advisable to be used with amino acids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20chickens" title="broiler chickens">broiler chickens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DL-lysine" title=" DL-lysine"> DL-lysine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methionine" title=" methionine"> methionine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41953/effect-of-synthetic-l-lysine-and-dl-methionine-amino-acids-on-performance-of-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Processing, Nutritional Assessment and Sensory Evaluation of Bakery Products Prepared from Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (OFSP) and Wheat Composite Flours</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hategekimana%20Jean%20Paul">Hategekimana Jean Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irakoze%20Josiane"> Irakoze Josiane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishimweyizerwe%20Valentin"> Ishimweyizerwe Valentin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iradukunda%20Dieudonne"> Iradukunda Dieudonne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwanyirigira%20Jeannette"> Uwanyirigira Jeannette</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) are highly grown and are available plenty in rural and urban local markets and its contribution in reduction of food insecurity in Rwanda is considerable. But the postharvest loss of this commodity is a critical challenge due to its high perishability. Several research activities have been conducted on how fresh food commodities can be transformed into extended shelf life food products for prevention of post-harvest losses. However, such activity was not yet well studied in Rwanda. The aim of the present study was the processing of backed products from (OFSP)combined with wheat composite flour and assess the nutritional content and consumer acceptability of new developed products. The perishability of OFSP and their related lack during off season can be eradicated by producing cake, doughnut and bread with OFSP puree or flour. The processing for doughnut and bread were made by making OFSP puree and other ingredients then a dough was made followed by frying and baking while for cake OFSP was dried through solar dryer to have a flour together with wheat flour and other ingredients to make dough cake and baking. For each product, one control and three experimental samples, (three products in three different ratios (30,40 and50%) of OFSP and the remaining percentage of wheat flour) were prepared. All samples including the control were analyzed for the consumer acceptability (sensory attributes). Most preferred samples (One sample for each product with its control sample and for each OFSP variety) were analyzed for nutritional composition along with control sample. The Cake from Terimbere variety and Bread from Gihingumukungu supplemented with 50% OFSP flour or Puree respectively were most acceptable except Doughnut from Vita variety which was highly accepted at 50% of OFSP supplementation. The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, Total carbohydrate, Vitamin C, reducing sugar and minerals (Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus.) content was different among products. Cake was rich in fibers (14.71%), protein (6.590%), and vitamin c(19.988mg/100g) compared to other samples while bread found to be rich in reducing sugar with 12.71mg/100g compared to cake and doughnut. Also doughnut was found to be rich in fat content with 6.89% compared to other samples. For sensory analysis, doughnut was highly accepted in ratio of 60:40 compared to other products while cake was least accepted at ratio of 50:50. The Proximate composition and minerals content of all the OFSP products were significantly higher as compared to the control samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-harvest%20loss" title="post-harvest loss">post-harvest loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFSP%20products" title=" OFSP products"> OFSP products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20flour" title=" wheat flour"> wheat flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20evaluation" title=" sensory evaluation"> sensory evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20composition" title=" proximate composition"> proximate composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182284/processing-nutritional-assessment-and-sensory-evaluation-of-bakery-products-prepared-from-orange-fleshed-sweet-potatoes-ofsp-and-wheat-composite-flours" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Technological Properties, in Vitro Starch Digestibility, and Antioxidant Activity of Gluten-Free Cakes Enriched With Prunus spinosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Cakir">Elif Cakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6rkem%20%C3%96z%C3%BClk%C3%BC"> Görkem Özülkü</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatice%20Bekiro%C4%9Flu"> Hatice Bekiroğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammet%20Arici"> Muhammet Arici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Sa%C4%9Fdic"> Osman Sağdic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to be able to formulate cakes with a wide consumption mass with gluten-free and high nutritional value ingredients to increase the consumption possibilities of people with limited nutrition opportunities. Although people do not prefer Prunus spinosa (PS)because of its sour taste and its use in the food industry is limited on a local scale, the potential of using PS, which is a naturally rich source of many micronutrients and bioactive compounds, in glutenfree cake production has been investigated. In this study, the potential of using PS, a natural wild fruit, in the production of functional gluten-free cakes was investigated. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of freeze-dried and powdered PS-enriched rice flour cakes on tech functionality, nutrition and eating quality. In terms of physicochemical properties, PS raises increased the ash, protein, and moisture values of the cakes. PS with high phenolic content, phenolic component content, and radical reducing power made by ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH techniques were higher in all samples than control, and the highest 4% PS was determined in cakes. In terms of the glycemic index (GI), which is an important feature of diet products, it was determined that the GI in cakes decreased by 86.30±1.04.75.05±1.16 and 69.38±1.21, respectively, with the increase in PS ratio. Except for the 1%, PS added sample, the increase in PS caused a decrease in specific volume, % porosity and increase in hardness, including 4 days of storage. PS increase decreased the L* and b* values and increased a* value and redness of the cake. Sensory liking of the cake samples containing PS was scored significantly (p<0.05) higher of control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunus%20spinosa" title="Prunus spinosa">Prunus spinosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten-free%20cake" title=" gluten-free cake"> gluten-free cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic" title=" phenolic"> phenolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycemic%20index" title=" glycemic index"> glycemic index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156988/technological-properties-in-vitro-starch-digestibility-and-antioxidant-activity-of-gluten-free-cakes-enriched-with-prunus-spinosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Umm Arrazam, Libyan Driling Fluid Resistivity Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hussein%20El%20Ayadi">Omar Hussein El Ayadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mustafa%20Alkekly"> Ali Mustafa Alkekly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Ahmad%20Musa"> Nader Ahmad Musa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Search and evaluate locale source of raw material which can be used as drilling fluid is one of most important economical target. Hopefully, to use Libyan clay that cost less than importing it from outside. Resistivity measurement and control is of primary concern in connection with electrical logging. The influences of resistivity utilizing Umm Arrazam clay were laboratory investigated at ambient condition (room temperature, atmospheric pressure) to fulfill the aim of the study. Several tests were carried-out on three sets of mud mixture with different densities (8.7, 9.0, and 9.3 ppg) as base mud. The resistivity of mud, mud filtrate, and mud cake were measured using resistivity- meter. Mud water losses were also measured. Several results obtained to describe the relationship between the resistivity ratios of mud filtrate to the mud, and the mud cake to mud. The summary of conclusion is that there are no great differences were obtained during comparison of resistivity and water loss of Umm Arrazam and Wyoming Clay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title="petroleum">petroleum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mug" title=" mug"> mug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20engineering" title=" geological engineering"> geological engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39547/umm-arrazam-libyan-driling-fluid-resistivity-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> The Inclusion of the Cabbage Waste in Buffalo Ration Made of Sugarcane Waste and Its Effect on Characteristics of the Silage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrizal">Adrizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irsan%20Ryanto"> Irsan Ryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Juwita"> Sri Juwita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adika%20Sugara"> Adika Sugara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tino%20Bapirco"> Tino Bapirco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the research was to study the influence of the inclusion of the cabbage waste into a buffalo rations made of sugarcane waste on the feed formula and characteristic of complete feed silage. Research carried out a two-stage i.e. the feed formulation and experiment of making complete feed silage. Feed formulation is done by linear programming. Data input is the price of feed stuffs and their nutrient contents as well as requirements for rations, while the output is the use of each feed stuff and the price of complete feed. The experiment of complete feed silage was done by a completely random design 4 x 4. The treatments were 4 inclusion levels of the cabbage waste i.e. 0%,(T1) 5%(T2), 10%(T3) and 15% (T4), with 4 replications. The result of feed formulation for T1 was cabbage (0%), sugarcane top (17.9%), bagasse (33.3%), Molasses (5.0%), cabagge (0%), Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (2.7%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (9.1%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt (0.5%). The formula of T2 was cabagge (5%), sugarcane top (1.7%), bagasse (45.2%), Molasses (5.0%), , Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (3.6%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (7.5%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt (0.5%). The formula of T3 was cabbage (10%), sugarcane top (0%), bagasse (45.3%), Molasses (5.0%), Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (3.8%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (3.9%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt(0.5%). The formula of T4 was cabagge (15.0%), sugarcane top (0%), bagasse (44.1%), Molasses (5.0%), Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (3.9%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (0%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt (0.5%). An increase in the level of inclusion of the cabbage waste can decrease the cost of rations. The cost of rations (IDR/kg on DM basis) were 1442, 1367, 1333, and 1300 respectively. The rations formula were not significantly (P > 0.05) influent the on fungal colonies, smell, texture and color of the complete ration silage, but the pH increased significantly (P < 0.05). It concluded that inclusion of cabbage waste can minimize the cost of buffalo ration, without decreasing the silage quality of complete feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffalo" title="buffalo">buffalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cabbage" title=" cabbage"> cabbage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complete%20feed" title=" complete feed"> complete feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sillage%20characteristic" title=" sillage characteristic"> sillage characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20waste" title=" sugarcane waste"> sugarcane waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63392/the-inclusion-of-the-cabbage-waste-in-buffalo-ration-made-of-sugarcane-waste-and-its-effect-on-characteristics-of-the-silage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> The Investigation of Cracking on the Shell of Dryers (tag No. 2DR-1745 and DR-1402) in Shahid Tondguyan Petrochemical Company (STPC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Haghiri">Ali Haghiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research has been to investigate the cause of the stress corrosion cracking on dryer equipment (2DR-1745 and DR-1402) in Shahid Tondguyan Petrochemical Company (STPC). These dryers are as a drying powder Terphetalic acid in CTA2 and CTA1 unit. After passing through RVF equipment, wet cake moisture content of about 14% and temperature of 90C changed into a dry cake with a moisture content of less than 0.1% and the final temperature of about 140C and sent out Final Silo (FS-1820). After the declaration of the operation department concerning the observation of acid leakage under the primary insulation was decided that at the first opportunity, this issue must be investigated. So, after the shutdown of a unit at the date 2012/10/20 (2DR-1745) and 2021/11/24 (DR-1402) and after washing the dryer wall, insulation around the wall opened and it was found to crack and leakage from some points. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20corrosion%20cracking" title="stress corrosion cracking">stress corrosion cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title=" austenitic stainless steel"> austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Br-%20ion" title=" Br- ion"> Br- ion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145289/the-investigation-of-cracking-on-the-shell-of-dryers-tag-no-2dr-1745-and-dr-1402-in-shahid-tondguyan-petrochemical-company-stpc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Bio Ethanol Production From the Co-Mixture of Jatropha Carcus L. Kernel Cake and Rice Straw</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20U.%20Asoiro">Felix U. Asoiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20I.%20Eleazar"> Daniel I. Eleazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20O.%20Offor"> Peter O. Offor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of increasing energy demands, research in bioethanol has increased in recent years all through the world, in abide to partially or totally replace renewable energy supplies. The first and third generation feedstocks used for biofuel production have fundamental drawbacks. Waste rice straw and cake from second generation feedstock like Jatropha curcas l. kernel (JC) is seen as non-food feedstock and promising candidates for the industrial production of bioethanol. In this study, JC and rice husk (RH) wastes were characterized for proximate composition. Bioethanol was produced from the residual polysaccharides present in rice husk (RH) and Jatropha seed cake by sequential hydrolytic and fermentative processes at varying mixing proportions (50 g JC/50 g RH, 100 g JC/10 g RH, 100 g JC/20 g RH, 100 g JC/50 g RH, 100 g JC/100 g RH, 100 g JC/200 g RH and 200 g JC/100 g RH) and particle sizes (0.25, 0.5 and 1.00 mm). Mixing proportions and particle size significantly affected both bioethanol yield and some bioethanol properties. Bioethanol yield (%) increased with an increase in particle size. The highest bioethanol (8.67%) was produced at a mixing proportion of 100 g JC/50g RH at 0.25 mm particle size. The bioethanol had the lowest values of specific gravity and density of 1.25 and 0.92 g cm-3 and the highest values of 1.57 and 0.97 g cm-3 respectively. The highest values of viscosity (4.64 cSt) were obtained with 200 g JC/100 g RH, at 1.00 mm particle size. The maximum flash point and cloud point values were 139.9 oC and 23.7oC (100 g JC/200 g RH) at 1 mm and 0.5 mm particle sizes respectively. The maximum pour point value recorded was 3.85oC (100 g JC/50 g RH) at 1 mm particle size. The paper concludes that bioethanol can be recovered from JC and RH wastes. JC and RH blending proportions as well as particle sizes are important factors in bioethanol production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title="bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolysis" title=" hydrolysis"> hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatropha%20curcas%20l.%20kernel" title=" Jatropha curcas l. kernel"> Jatropha curcas l. kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20composition" title=" proximate composition"> proximate composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151621/bio-ethanol-production-from-the-co-mixture-of-jatropha-carcus-l-kernel-cake-and-rice-straw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Use of Palm Kernel Cake in Ration and Its Influence on VFA, NH3 and pH Rumen Fluid of Goat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief">Arief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noovirman%20Jamarun"> Noovirman Jamarun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benni%20Satria"> Benni Satria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The main problem in the development of livestock in Indonesia is feed both in terms of quality and quantity. On the other hand, conventional feed ingredients are expensive and difficult to obtain. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative feed ingredients that have good quality, potential, and low cost. Feed ingredients that meet the above requirements are by-products of the palm oil industry, namely palm kernel cake (PKC). This study aims to obtain the best PKC composition for Etawa goat concentrate ration. Material and Methode : This research consists of 2 stages. Stage I is invitro study using Tilley and Terry method. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments of rations and 4 replications. The treatment is the composition of the use of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the ration, namely, A). 10%, B). 20%, C). 30%, D). 40%. Other feed ingredients are corn, rice bran, tofu waste and minerals. The measured variables are the characteristics of the rumen fluid (pH, VFA and NH3). Stage II was done using the best ration of stage I (Ration C), followed by testing the use of Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and agricultural waste of sweet potato leaves as a source of forage for livestock by in-vitro. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were: Treatment A) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Titonia (Thitonia difersifolia), Treatment B) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and Sweet potato Leaves, Treatment C) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Sweet potato leaves. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis while the differences between treatments were tested using the Duncant Multiple Range Test (DMRT) according to Steel and Torrie. Results of Stage II showed that the use of PKC in rations as concentrate feed combined with forage originating from Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and sweet potato leaves produced pH, VFA and NH3-N which were still in normal conditions. The best treatment was obtained from diet B (P <0.05) with 6.9 pH, 116.29 mM VFA and 15mM NH3-N. Conclussion From the results of the study it can be concluded that PKC can be used as feed ingredients for dairy goat concentrate with a combination of forage from Tithonia (Tithonia difersifolia) and sweet potato leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20by-product" title="palm oil by-product">palm oil by-product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20cake" title=" palm kernel cake"> palm kernel cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrate" title=" concentrate"> concentrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20fluid" title=" rumen fluid"> rumen fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etawa%20goat" title=" Etawa goat"> Etawa goat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104219/the-use-of-palm-kernel-cake-in-ration-and-its-influence-on-vfa-nh3-and-ph-rumen-fluid-of-goat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Ecotoxicological Safety of Wastewater Treated with Lignocellulosic Adsorbents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADsa%20P.%20Cruz-Lopes">Luísa P. Cruz-Lopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artur%20Figueirinha"> Artur Figueirinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Br%C3%A1s"> Isabel Brás</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Esteves"> Bruno Esteves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Portugal is an important wine and olive oil producer, activities which generate a high quantity of residues commonly called grape stalks and olive cake, respectively. In this work grape stalks and olive cake were used as lignocellulosic adsorbents for wastewater containing lead treatment. To attain a better knowledge of the factors that could influence the quality of the treated wastewater, a chemical characterization of the materials used in the treatment was done. To access the ecotoxicological safety of the treated wastewater, several tests were performed. The results of the toxicity test show that the samples leachate has a mild effect on the living models tested. The tests performed in lemna and bacteria were the most sensible to toxicity effects of the samples. The results obtained in this work evidenced the importance of use of simple and fast toxicity tests to predict impacts in the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title="chemical composition">chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20residues" title=" lignocellulosic residues"> lignocellulosic residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotoxicological%20safety" title=" ecotoxicological safety"> ecotoxicological safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7640/ecotoxicological-safety-of-wastewater-treated-with-lignocellulosic-adsorbents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Operation Parameters of Vacuum Cleaned Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilhelm%20Hoeflinger">Wilhelm Hoeflinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Laminger"> Thomas Laminger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Wolfslehner"> Johannes Wolfslehner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For vacuum cleaned dust filters, used e. g. in textile industry, there exist no calculation methods to determine design parameters (e. g. traverse speed of the nozzle, filter area...). In this work a method to calculate the optimum traverse speed of the nozzle of an industrial-size flat dust filter at a given mean pressure drop and filter face velocity was elaborated. Well-known equations for the design of a cleanable multi-chamber bag-house-filter were modified in order to take into account a continuously regeneration of a dust filter by a nozzle. Thereby, the specific filter medium resistance and the specific cake resistance values are needed which can be derived from filter tests under constant operation conditions. A lab-scale filter test rig was used to derive the specific filter media resistance value and the specific cake resistance value for vacuum cleaned filter operation. Three different filter media were tested and the determined parameters were compared to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20dust%20filter" title="design of dust filter">design of dust filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20removing" title=" dust removing"> dust removing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20regeneration" title=" filter regeneration"> filter regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20parameters" title=" operation parameters"> operation parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536/operation-parameters-of-vacuum-cleaned-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Humic Acid and Azadirachtin Derivatives for the Management of Crop Pests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Giraddi">R. S. Giraddi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Poleshi"> C. M. Poleshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic cultivation of crops is gaining importance consumer awareness towards pesticide residue free foodstuffs is increasing globally. This is also because of high costs of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, making the conventional farming non-remunerative. In India, organic manures (such as vermicompost) are an important input in organic agriculture.  Though vermicompost obtained through earthworm and microbe-mediated processes is known to comprise most of the crop nutrients, but they are in small amounts thus necessitating enrichment of nutrients so that crop nourishment is complete. Another characteristic of organic manures is that the pest infestations are kept under check due to induced resistance put up by the crop plants. In the present investigation, deoiled neem cake containing azadirachtin, copper ore tailings (COT), a source of micro-nutrients and microbial consortia were added for enrichment of vermicompost. Neem cake is a by-product obtained during the process of oil extraction from neem plant seeds. Three enriched vermicompost blends were prepared using vermicompost (at 70, 65 and 60%), deoiled neem cake (25, 30 and 35%), microbial consortia and COTwastes (5%). Enriched vermicompost was thoroughly mixed, moistened (25+5%), packed and incubated for 15 days at room temperature. In the crop response studies, the field trials on chili (<em>Capsicum annum</em> var. longum) and soybean, (<em>Glycine max </em>cv JS 335) were conducted during <em>Kharif</em> 2015 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad-Karnataka, India. The vermicompost blend enriched with neem cake (known to possess higher amounts of nutrients) and vermicompost were applied to the crops and at two dosages and at two intervals of crop cycle (at sowing and 30 days after sowing) as per the treatment plan along with 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). 10 plants selected randomly in each plot were studied for pest density and plant damage. At maturity, crops were harvested, and the yields were recorded as per the treatments, and the data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools and procedures. In the crops, chili and soybean, crop nourishment with neem enriched vermicompost reduced insect density and plant damage significantly compared to other treatments. These treatments registered as much yield (16.7 to 19.9 q/ha) as that realized in conventional chemical control (18.2 q/ha) in soybean, while 72 to 77 q/ha of green chili was harvested in the same treatments, being comparable to the chemical control (74 q/ha). The yield superiority of the treatments was of the order neem enriched vermicompost>conventional chemical control>neem cake>vermicompost>untreated control.  The significant features of the result are that it reduces use of inorganic manures by 50% and synthetic chemical insecticides by 100%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humic%20acid" title="humic acid">humic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azadirachtin" title=" azadirachtin"> azadirachtin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vermicompost" title=" vermicompost"> vermicompost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insect-pest" title=" insect-pest"> insect-pest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79931/humic-acid-and-azadirachtin-derivatives-for-the-management-of-crop-pests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> The Effect of Filter Cake Powder on Soil Stability Enhancement in Active Sand Dunes, In the Long and Short Term</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irit%20Rutman%20Halili">Irit Rutman Halili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehila%20Zvulun"> Tehila Zvulun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natali%20%20Elgabsi"> Natali Elgabsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Revaya%20Cohen"> Revaya Cohen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shlomo%20Sarig"> Shlomo Sarig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active sand dunes (ASD) may cause significant damage to field crops and livelihood, and therefore, it is necessary to find a treatment that would enhance ADS soil stability. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) contain microorganisms on the soil surface. Metabolic polysaccharides secreted by biocrust cyanobacteria glue the soil particles into aggregates, thereby stabilizing the soil surface. Filter cake powder (FCP) is a waste by-product in the final stages of the production of sugar from sugarcane, and its disposal causes significant environmental pollution. FCP contains high concentrations of polysaccharides and has recently been shown to be soil stability enhancing agent in ASD. It has been reported that adding FCP to the ASD soil surface by dispersal significantly increases the level of penetration resistance of soil biocrust (PRSB) nine weeks after a single treatment. However, it was not known whether a similar effect could be obtained by administering the FCP in liquid form by means of spraying. It has now been found that spraying a water solution of FCP onto the ASD soil surface significantly increased the level of penetration resistance of soil biocrust (PRSB) three weeks after a single treatment. These results suggest that FCP spraying can be used as a short-term soil stability-enhancing agent for ASD, while administration by dispersal might be more efficient over the long term. Finally, an additional benefit of using FCP as a soil stabilizer, either by dispersal or by spraying, is the reduction in environmental pollution that would otherwise result from the disposal of FCP solid waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20sand%20dunes" title="active sand dunes">active sand dunes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20cake%20powder" title=" filter cake powder"> filter cake powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20soil%20crusts" title=" biological soil crusts"> biological soil crusts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration%20resistance%20of%20soil%20biocrust" title=" penetration resistance of soil biocrust"> penetration resistance of soil biocrust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131395/the-effect-of-filter-cake-powder-on-soil-stability-enhancement-in-active-sand-dunes-in-the-long-and-short-term" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Influence of Cryo-Grinding on Antioxidant Activity and Amount of Free Phenolic Acids, Rutin and Tyrosol in Whole Grain Buckwheat and Pumpkin Seed Cake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Voucko">B. Voucko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Benkovic"> M. Benkovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Cukelj"> N. Cukelj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Drakula"> S. Drakula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Novotni"> D. Novotni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Balbino"> S. Balbino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Curic"> D. Curic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxidative stress is considered as one of the causes leading to metabolic disorders in humans. Therefore, the ability of antioxidants to inhibit free radical production is their primary role in the human organism. Antioxidants originating from cereals, especially flavonoids and polyphenols, are mostly bound and indigestible. Micronization damages the cell wall which consecutively results in bioactive material to be more accessible in vivo. In order to ensure complete fragmentation, micronization is often combined with high temperatures (e.g., for bran 200°C) which can lead to degradation of bioactive compounds. The innovative non-thermal technology of cryo-milling is an ultra-fine micronization method that uses liquid nitrogen (LN2) at a temperature of 195°C to freeze and cool the sample during milling. Freezing at such low temperatures causes the material to become brittle which ensures the generation of fine particles while preserving the bioactive content of the material. The aim of this research was to determine if production of ultra-fine material with cryo-milling will result in the augmentation of available bioactive compounds of buckwheat and pumpkin seed cake. For that reason, buckwheat and pumpkin seed cake were ground in a ball mill (CryoMill, Retch, Germany) with and without the use of LN2 for 8 minutes, in a 50 mL stainless steel jar containing one grinding ball (Ø 25 mm) at an oscillation frequency of 30 Hz. The cryo-milled samples were cooled with LN2 for 2 minutes prior to milling, followed by the first cycle of milling (4 minutes), intermediary cooling (2 minutes), and finally the second cycle of milling (further 4 minutes). A continuous process of milling was applied to the samples ground without freezing with LN2. Particle size distribution was determined using the Scirocco 2000 dry dispersion unit (Malvern Instruments, UK). Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, while the total phenol content was determined using the Folin Ciocalteu method, using the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Specord 50 Plus, Germany). The content of the free phenolic acids, rutin in buckwheat, tyrosol in pumpkin seed cake, was determined with an HPLC-PDA method (Agilent 1200 series, Germany). Cryo-milling resulted in 11 times smaller size of buckwheat particles, and 3 times smaller size of pumpkin seed particles than milling without the use of LN2, but also, a lower uniformity of the particle size distribution. Lack of freezing during milling of pumpkin seed cake caused a formation of agglomerates due to its high-fat content (21 %). Cryo-milling caused augmentation of buckwheat flour antioxidant activity measured by DPPH test (23,9%) and an increase in available rutin content (14,5%). Also, it resulted in an augmentation of the total phenol content (36,9%) and available tyrosol content (12,5%) of pumpkin seed cake. Antioxidant activity measured with the FRAP test, as well as the content of phenolic acids remained unchanged independent of the milling process. The results of this study showed the potential of cryo-milling for complete raw material utilization in the food industry, as well as a tool for extraction of aimed bioactive components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive" title="bioactive">bioactive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-mill" title=" ball-mill"> ball-mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckwheat" title=" buckwheat"> buckwheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryo-milling" title=" cryo-milling"> cryo-milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pumpkin%20seed%20cake" title=" pumpkin seed cake"> pumpkin seed cake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91037/influence-of-cryo-grinding-on-antioxidant-activity-and-amount-of-free-phenolic-acids-rutin-and-tyrosol-in-whole-grain-buckwheat-and-pumpkin-seed-cake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Acoustic Emission for Investigation of Processes Occurring at Hydrogenation of Metallic Titanium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anatoly%20A.%20Kuznetsov">Anatoly A. Kuznetsov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20G.%20Berezhko"> Pavel G. Berezhko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20M.%20Kunavin"> Sergey M. Kunavin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugeny%20V.%20Zhilkin"> Eugeny V. Zhilkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20V.%20Tsarev"> Maxim V. Tsarev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vyacheslav%20V.%20Yaroshenko"> Vyacheslav V. Yaroshenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valery%20V.%20Mokrushin"> Valery V. Mokrushin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Y.%20Yunchina"> Olga Y. Yunchina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20A.%20Mityashin"> Sergey A. Mityashin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The acoustic emission is caused by short-time propagation of elastic waves that are generated as a result of quick energy release from sources localized inside some material. In particular, the acoustic emission phenomenon lies in the generation of acoustic waves resulted from the reconstruction of material internal structures. This phenomenon is observed at various physicochemical transformations, in particular, at those accompanying hydrogenation processes of metals or intermetallic compounds that make it possible to study parameters of these transformations through recording and analyzing the acoustic signals. It has been known that at the interaction between metals or inter metallides with hydrogen the most intensive acoustic signals are generated as a result of cracking or crumbling of an initial compact powder sample as a result of the change of material crystal structure under hydrogenation. This work is dedicated to the study into changes occurring in metallic titanium samples at their interaction with hydrogen and followed by acoustic emission signals. In this work the subjects for investigation were specimens of metallic titanium in two various initial forms: titanium sponge and fine titanium powder made of this sponge. The kinetic of the interaction of these materials with hydrogen, the acoustic emission signals accompanying hydrogenation processes and the structure of the materials before and after hydrogenation were investigated. It was determined that in both cases interaction of metallic titanium and hydrogen is followed by acoustic emission signals of high amplitude generated on reaching some certain value of the atomic ratio [H]/[Ti] in a solid phase because of metal cracking at a macrolevel. The typical sizes of the cracks are comparable with particle sizes of hydrogenated specimens. The reasons for cracking are internal stresses initiated in a sample due to the increasing volume of a solid phase as a result of changes in a material crystal lattice under hydrogenation. When the titanium powder is used, the atomic ratio [H]/[Ti] in a solid phase corresponding to the maximum amplitude of an acoustic emission signal are, as a rule, higher than when titanium sponge is used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission%20signal" title="acoustic emission signal">acoustic emission signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogenation" title=" hydrogenation"> hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20specimen" title=" titanium specimen"> titanium specimen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62156/acoustic-emission-for-investigation-of-processes-occurring-at-hydrogenation-of-metallic-titanium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Evaluation of Natural Gums: Gum Tragacanth, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum and Gum Acacia as Potential Hemostatic Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20Kushwah">Himanshu Kushwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidhi%20Sandal"> Nidhi Sandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenakshi%20K.%20Chauhan"> Meenakshi K. Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Mittal"> Gaurav Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excessive bleeding is the primary factor of avoidable death in both civilian trauma centers as well as the military battlefield. Hundreds of Indian troops die every year due to blood loss caused by combat-related injuries. These deaths are avoidable and can be prevented to a large extent by making available a suitable hemostatic dressing in an emergency medical kit. In this study, natural gums were evaluated as potential hemostatic agents in combination with calcium gluconate. The study compares the hemostatic activity of Gum Tragacanth (GT), Guar Gum (GG), Xanthan Gum (XG) and Gum Acacia (GA) by carrying out different in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In-vitro studies were performed using the Lee-White method and Eustrek method, which includes the visual and microscopic analysis of blood clotting. MTT assay was also performed using human lymphocytes to check the cytotoxicity of the gums. The in-vivo studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of the gums and compared with a commercially available hemostatic sponge, Surgispon. Erythrocyte agglutination test was also performed to check the interaction between blood cells and the natural gums. Other parameters like blood loss, adherence strength of the developed hemostatic dressing material incorporating these gums, re-bleeding, and survival of the animals were also studied. The data obtained from the MTT assay showed that Guar gum, Gum Tragacanth, and Gum Acacia were not significantly cytotoxic, but substantial cytotoxicity was observed in Xanthan gum samples at high concentrations. Also, Xanthan gum took the least time with its minimum concentration to achieve hemostasis, (approximately 50 seconds at 3mg concentration). Gum Tragacanth also showed efficient hemostasis at a concentration of 35mg at the same time, but the other two gums tested were not able to clot the blood in significantly less time. A sponge dressing made of Tragacanth gum was found to be more efficient in achieving hemostasis and showed better practical applicability among all the gums studied and also when compared to the commercially available product, Surgispon, thus making it a potentially better alternative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title="cytotoxicity">cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemostasis" title=" hemostasis"> hemostasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gums" title=" natural gums"> natural gums</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge" title=" sponge"> sponge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112924/evaluation-of-natural-gums-gum-tragacanth-xanthan-gum-guar-gum-and-gum-acacia-as-potential-hemostatic-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Inhibition of Sea Urchin and Starfish Embryonic Development by Hexane Extracts from Five Philippine Marine Sponges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chona%20Gelani">Chona Gelani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mylene%20Uy"> Mylene Uy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keisuke%20Yasuda"> Keisuke Yasuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emi%20Ohta"> Emi Ohta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinji%20Ohta"> Shinji Ohta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marine environment is undoubtedly a rich source of diverse organisms that possess bioactive secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities. Marine sponges have since been contributing a wide array of compounds of biomedical and pharmaceutical importance. This study is an attempt to contribute to the growing and advancing marine natural products research. It aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the hexane extract (H) from the Philippine marine sponges, Rhabdastrella globostellata (Rg), Callyspongia sp. (Calsp), Callyspongia aerizusa (Ca), Carteriospongia sp. (Carsp), and Cinachyrella sp. (Cisp) using the eggs of starfish, Asterina pectinifera, and sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of the marine sponge hexane extract was determined through its inhibition of starfish and sea urchin embryonic development. After 24 hours, CarspH and RgH inhibited early gastrulation of sea urchin at a minimum concentration of 15.63 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. CalspH inhibited the early gastrulation of both sea urchin and starfish at 125 μg/mL, whereas CaH halted the morula of sea urchin and early gastrulation of starfish at 250 μg/mL. CispH exhibited relatively weak inhibitory activity on starfish embryogenesis but inhibited the early gastrulation of sea urchin at 250 μg/mL. The results obtained from this study were used as basis for the separation, isolation and purification of the component(s) of the hexane extracts from the five Philippine marine sponges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embryonic%20development" title="embryonic development">embryonic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20sponge%20cytotoxicity" title=" marine sponge cytotoxicity"> marine sponge cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippine%20marine%20sponges" title=" Philippine marine sponges"> Philippine marine sponges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20urchin%20and%20starfish%20embryogenesis" title=" sea urchin and starfish embryogenesis"> sea urchin and starfish embryogenesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62655/inhibition-of-sea-urchin-and-starfish-embryonic-development-by-hexane-extracts-from-five-philippine-marine-sponges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Ammonia and Biogenic Amine Production of Fish Spoilage Bacteria: Affected by Olive Leaf, Olive Cake and Black Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kuley">E. Kuley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Durmu%C5%9F"> M. Durmuş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Balikci"> E. Balikci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ozyurt"> G. Ozyurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20U%C3%A7ar"> Y. Uçar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Kuley"> F. Kuley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ozogul"> F. Ozogul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ozogul"> Y. Ozogul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ammonia and biogenic amine production of fish spoilage bacteria in sardine infusion decarboxylase broth and antimicrobial effect of olive by products (olive leaf extract:OL, olive cake: OC and black water:BW) was monitored using HPLC method. Fish spoilage bacteria produced all biogenic amine tested, mainly histamine and serotonin. Ammonia was accumulated more than 13.60 mg/L. Histamine production was in range 37.50 mg/L by Ser. liquefaciens and 86.71 mg/L by Ent. cloacae. The highest putrescine and cadaverine production was observed by Ent. cloacae (17.80 vs. 17.69 mg/L). The presence of OL, OC and BW in the broth significantly affected biogenic amine accumulation by bacteria. The antibacterial effect of olive by products depended on bacterial strains. OL and OC resulted in significant inhibition effect on HIS accumulation by bacteria apart from Ser. liquefaciens and Prot. mirabilis. The study result revealed that usefulness of OL and OC to prevent the accumulation of this amine which may affect human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antimicrobials" title="Antimicrobials">Antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogenic%20amine" title=" biogenic amine"> biogenic amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20spoilage%20bacteria" title=" fish spoilage bacteria"> fish spoilage bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive-by%20products" title=" olive-by products"> olive-by products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19395/ammonia-and-biogenic-amine-production-of-fish-spoilage-bacteria-affected-by-olive-leaf-olive-cake-and-black-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Thermochemical Conversion: Jatropha Curcus in Fixed Bed Reactor Using Slow Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipan%20Kumar%20Sohpal">Vipan Kumar Sohpal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kumar%20Sharma"> Rajesh Kumar Sharma </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermo-chemical conversion of non-edible biomass offers an efficient and economically process to provide valuable fuels and prepare chemicals derived from biomass in the context of developing countries. Pyrolysis has advantages over other thermochemical conversion techniques because it can convert biomass directly into solid, liquid and gaseous products by thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen. The present paper aims to focus on the slow thermochemical conversion processes for non-edible Jatropha curcus seed cake. The present discussion focuses on the effect of nitrogen gas flow rate on products composition (wt %). In addition, comparative analysis has been performed for different mesh size for product composition. Result shows that, slow pyrolysis experiments of Jatropha curcus seed cake in fixed bed reactor yield the bio-oil 18.42 wt % at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, particle size of -6+8 mesh number and nitrogen gas flow rate of 150 ml/min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatropha%20curcus" title="Jatropha curcus">Jatropha curcus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-chemical" title=" thermo-chemical"> thermo-chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20composition" title=" product composition"> product composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2125/thermochemical-conversion-jatropha-curcus-in-fixed-bed-reactor-using-slow-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Effect of Feeding Camel Rumen Content on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Broiler Chickens under Semi-Arid Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alhaji%20Musa%20Abdullahi">Alhaji Musa Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Abdullahi"> Usman Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Adamu"> Adamu Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20%20Maidala"> Aminu Maidala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One hundred and fifty (150) day old chicks were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments birds and each treatment where replicated twice in groups of fifteen birds in each replicate. Camel rumen content (CRC) was included in the diets of broiler at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to replace maize and groundnut cake to evaluate the effect on the performance and hematological parameters at the starter and finisher phase. A completely randomized design was used and 600g of feed was given daily and water was given ad libitum. At the starter phase, the daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly affected by the test ingredients, although T1(0% CRC) which serve as a control, were similar with T2(5% CRC), T3(10% CRC), and T4(15% CRC), while the lowest value was recorded in T5(20% CRC). The result indicates that up to 15% (CRC) level can be included in the starter diet to replace maize and groundnut cake without any effect on the performance. However, at the finisher phase, the daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio show no significant (F>0.05) difference among the dietary treatments. Similarly, Packed cell volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) also did not differ significantly (F>0.05) among the dietary treatments while hemoglobin (Hb) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) differs significantly. The differential counts of eosinophils, heterophils, and lymphocytes differ significantly among the treatment groups, while that of basophils and monocytes shows no significant difference among the treatment groups. This means up to 20% CRC inclusion level can be used to replaced maize and groundnut cake in the finisher diet without any adverse effect on the performance and hematological parameters of the chickens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title="camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20content" title=" rumen content"> rumen content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematology" title=" hematology"> hematology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135294/effect-of-feeding-camel-rumen-content-on-growth-performance-and-haematological-parameters-of-broiler-chickens-under-semi-arid-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Synergistic Effect of Zr-Modified Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ and Bio-Templated HZSM-5 Catalysts in CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol and DME</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Hussain">Abrar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen-Song%20Lin"> Kuen-Song Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Maeen%20Badshah"> Sayed Maeen Badshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Hussain"> Jamshid Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conversion of CO₂ into versatile, useful compounds such as fuels and other chemicals remains a challenging frontier in research, demanding the innovation of increasingly effective catalysts. In the present work, a catalyst-incorporating zirconium (Zr) modification within CuO–ZnO–Al₂O₃ (CZA) was synthesized via a co-precipitation method to convert CO₂ into methanol. Furthermore, bio-HZSM-5 was used to promote methanol dehydration to produce dimethyl ether (DME). We prepared the porous hierarchy bio-HZSM-5 with remarkable pore connectivity by utilizing an economical loofah sponge and rice husks as biotemplates. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption (BET), temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Zr addition improved the performance of the CZZA catalyst as a structural promoter, leading to increased DME selectivity and total carbon conversion by enhancing active sites, surface area, and the synergistic interfaces between CuO and ZnO. The presence of silicon in the biomass, notably from the loofah sponge (0.016 wt %) and rice husks (8.3 wt %), also performed a pivotal role in the preparation of bio-HZSM-5. Furthermore, contrasted to the CZZA/com-ZSM-5 catalyst, the integration of CZZA with bio-HZSM-5-L bifunctional catalyst achieved the highest DME yield (12.1 %), DME selectivity (58.6%), CO₂ conversion (22.5%) at 280 °C and 30 bar. The payback time for 5 and 10-tons per day (5 and10-TPD) DME formation using the catalytic process of CO₂ from petrochemical refinery plant waste gas emissions was 2.98 and 2.44 years, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cost%20assessment" title="Cost assessment">Cost assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimethyl%20ether" title=" Dimethyl ether"> Dimethyl ether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost%20bio-HZSM-5" title=" low-cost bio-HZSM-5"> low-cost bio-HZSM-5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CZZA%20catalyst" title=" CZZA catalyst"> CZZA catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20hydrogenation" title=" CO₂ hydrogenation"> CO₂ hydrogenation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194172/synergistic-effect-of-zr-modified-cu-zno-al2o3-and-bio-templated-hzsm-5-catalysts-in-co2-hydrogenation-to-methanol-and-dme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Fouling of Regenerated Ultrafiltration Membrane in Treatment of Oily Wastewater of Palm Oil Refinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20F.%20Md%20Yunos">K. F. Md Yunos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Pajar"> N. S. Pajar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Azmi"> N. S. Azmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oily wastewater in Malaysian refinery has become a big issue of water and environment pollution to be solved urgently. The results of an experimental study on separation of oily wastewaters are presented. The characteristic of filtration behavior of commercial polymer ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was evaluated in the treatment of oily wastewater from palm oil refinery. The performance of different molecular weight cut off 5kDa and 10kDa regenerated cellulose membrane were evaluated and compared and the fouling behavior were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of pressure (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 bar) and sample concentration (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) on fouling of 5kDa and 10kDa membrane were evaluated. The characteristic of the sample solutions were analyzed for turbidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), BOD, and COD. The results showed that the best fit to experimental data corresponds to the cake layer formation followed by the intermediate blocking for the experimental conditions tested. A more detailed analysis of the fouling mechanisms was studied by dividing the filtration curves into different regions corresponding to the different fouling mechanisms. Intermediate blocking and cake layer formation or combinations of them were found to occur during the UF experiments depending on the operating conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fouling" title="fouling">fouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oily%20wastewater" title=" oily wastewater"> oily wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerated%20cellulose" title=" regenerated cellulose"> regenerated cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltration" title=" ultrafiltration"> ultrafiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34235/fouling-of-regenerated-ultrafiltration-membrane-in-treatment-of-oily-wastewater-of-palm-oil-refinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation: Feasible Alternative to Soil Chemical Fumigants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Serrano-P%C3%A9rez">P. Serrano-Pérez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Rodr%C3%ADguez-Molina"> M. C. Rodríguez-Molina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Palo"> C. Palo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Palo"> E. Palo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lacasa"> A. Lacasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytophthora nicotianae is the principal causal agent of root and crown rot disease of red pepper plants in Extremadura (Western Spain). There is a need to develop a biologically-based method of soil disinfestation that facilitates profitable and sustainable production without the use of chemical fumigants. Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD), as well know as biodisinfestation, has been shown to control a wide range of soil-borne pathogens and nematodes in numerous crop production systems. This method implies soil wetting, incorporation of a easily decomposable carbon-rich organic amendment and covering with plastic film for several weeks. ASD with rapeseed cake (var. Tocatta, a glucosinolates-free variety) used as C-source was assayed in spring 2014, before the pepper crop establishment. The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Centre Finca La Orden (Southwestern Spain) and the treatments were: rapeseed cake (RCP); rapeseed cake without plastic cover (RC); control non-amendment (CP) and control non-amendment without plastic cover (C). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates and a plot size of 5 x 5 m. On 26 March, rapeseed cake (1 kg·m-2) was incorporated into the soil with a rotovator. Biological probes with the inoculum were buried at 15 and 30-cm depth (biological probes were previously prepared with 100 g of disinfected soil inoculated with chlamydospores (chlam) of P. nicotianae P13 isolate [100 chlam·g-1 of soil] and wrapped in agryl cloth). Sprinkler irrigation was run until field capacity and the corresponding plots were covered with transparent plastic (PE 0.05 mm). On 6 May plastics were removed, the biological probes were dug out and a bioassay was established. One pepper seedling at the 2 to 4 true-leaves stage was transplanted in the soil from each biological probe. Plants were grown in a climatic chamber and disease symptoms were recorded every week during 2 months. Fragments of roots and crown of symptomatic plants were analyzed on NARPH media and soil from rizospheres was analyzed using carnation petals as baits. Results of “survival” were expressed as the percentage of soil samples where P. nicotianae was detected and results of “infectivity” were expressed as the percentage of diseased plants. No differences were detected in deep effect. Infectivity of P. nicotianae chlamydospores was successfully reduced in RCP treatment (4.2% of infectivity) compared with the controls (41.7% of infectivity). The pattern of survival was similar to infectivity observed by the bioassay: 21% of survival in RCP; 79% in CP; 83% in C and 87% in RC. Although ASD may be an effective alternative to chemical fumigants to pest management, more research is necessary to show their impact on the microbial community and chemistry of the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodisinfestation" title="biodisinfestation">biodisinfestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSD" title=" BSD"> BSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fumigant%20alternatives" title=" soil fumigant alternatives"> soil fumigant alternatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20amendments" title=" organic amendments"> organic amendments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47517/anaerobic-soil-disinfestation-feasible-alternative-to-soil-chemical-fumigants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Evaluation of Nutrient Intake, Body Weight Gain and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Washera Lamb Fed Grass Hay as a Basal Diet with Supplementation of Dried Atella and Niger Seed Cake in Different Combinations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fana%20Woldetsadik">Fana Woldetsadik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethiopia has a huge livestock population, including sheep, that has been contributing a considerable portion to the economy of the country and still promising to rally around the economic advancement of the country. However, feed shortage is a limiting factor in the production and productivity of sheep among Ethiopian smallholder farmers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prove the role of the locally available brewery by-products called dried Atella as a supplement in feed intake, digestibility, live weight gain, carcass yield, and economic benefit in comparison with commercially purchased supplements known as niger seed cake (NSC). This on-station feeding experiment was conducted on the Zenzelma Campus of Bahir Dar University animal farm. The experimental design used for this research was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The crude protein (CP) content of dried Atella, wheat bran (WB), natural pasture hay (NPH) and NSC were about 25.07%, 16.57%, 4.48% and 38.04%, respectively, while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF),acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content of dried Atella, WB, NPH and NSC were around 31.75%, 8.31%, 8.14%; 42.05%, 22.64%, 4.04%; 74.21%, 50.81%, 8.66%; 42.31%, 26.95% and 6.9%, respectively. The result depicted that a higher(P < 0.001) feed intake, nutrient intake, and digestibility for lambs supplemented with Atella than those supplemented with NSC. Furthermore, daily body weight gain and carcass characteristics were better (P < 0.05) for the sheep supplemented with dried Atella than NSC. On the other hand, in terms of profitability, although there was no substantial difference (P > 0.05) between T2 (animals fed NPH,NSC and WB) and T3 (animals fed NPH, Atella and WB), slightly better benefit was recorded in T3 groups. However, loss of money was recorded in T1 (animals fed NPH and WB). Hence, from the biological performance of lambs, it was concluded that Atella could be a potential supplementary feed for sheep fattening among smallholder farmers than NSC despite no profitability difference. Nevertheless, further investigation is recommended to examine the consequence of supplementation of NPH with NSC and NPH with Atella on fatty acid profile analysis, the physicochemical composition of meat, and meat composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attela" title="Attela">Attela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahir%20Dar%20university" title=" Bahir Dar university"> Bahir Dar university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carcass%20yield" title=" Carcass yield"> Carcass yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestibility" title=" digestibility"> digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20pasture%20hay" title=" natural pasture hay"> natural pasture hay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niger%20seed%20cake" title=" Niger seed cake"> Niger seed cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smallholder%20farmers" title=" smallholder farmers"> smallholder farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20gain" title=" weight gain"> weight gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia "> Ethiopia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135036/evaluation-of-nutrient-intake-body-weight-gain-and-carcass-characteristics-of-growing-washera-lamb-fed-grass-hay-as-a-basal-diet-with-supplementation-of-dried-atella-and-niger-seed-cake-in-different-combinations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Impact of Breed and Physiological Status on Blood Content of Goats in Arid Conditions of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lilia%20Belkacem">Lilia Belkacem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Rouabah"> Zahra Rouabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assia%20Allaoui"> Assia Allaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karina%20Bachtarzi"> Karina Bachtarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souhila%20Belkadi"> Souhila Belkadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boubakeur%20Safsaf"> Boubakeur Safsaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madjid%20Tlidjane"> Madjid Tlidjane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Damascus breed, known for its prolificacy and milking ability, is recently imported in Algeria. Farmers tend to improve the local native herds by crossbreeding with Damascus bucks. The aim of the current investigation was to study the effects of physiological status on blood progesterone and some biochemical parameters in Shami goats and their crosses with local breed in arid conditions of Algeria. Ten does with an age range of 1.5- 3 years and BSC between 2.5 and 3.5 were used. Female goats were divided into two groups of five animals each: Damascus, and crossbred (Damascus x Arbia). All females were estrus synchronized and naturally mated. Blood samples were collected before intravaginal sponge insertion (non- pregnant), in early (30 days after sponge removal), mid (90 days), late pregnancy (130 days) and after kidding (30 days post-partum). Results demonstrate a significant effect of the reproductive stage on progesterone (P4) levels in both groups, on glycemia and cholesterolemia in crossbred does (p<0.05) and on albuminemia and uremia in Damascus ones. Concentrations of triglycerides, total proteins, globulin and creatinine revealed no significant difference between physiological phases in both groups (p>0.05). Breed effect was detected in early and mid-pregnancy for P4, in early pregnancy and lactation for total proteins and in lactation for globulin with lower concentrations in Damascus compared to crossbred does. Changes in P4 and biochemical profiles of both groups reflect the female goat’s adaptation to increased requirement of gestation and lactation in arid conditions of Algeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damascus%20goat" title="damascus goat">damascus goat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossbred" title=" crossbred"> crossbred</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20status" title=" reproductive status"> reproductive status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progesterone" title=" progesterone"> progesterone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20metabolites" title=" biochemical metabolites"> biochemical metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183990/impact-of-breed-and-physiological-status-on-blood-content-of-goats-in-arid-conditions-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Antioxidant Potential of Sunflower Seed Cake Extract in Stabilization of Soybean Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivanor%20Zardo">Ivanor Zardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Walper%20Da%20Cunha"> Fernanda Walper Da Cunha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%BAlia%20%20Sarkis"> Júlia Sarkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ligia%20Damasceno%20Ferreira%20Marczak"> Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lipid oxidation is one of the most important deteriorating processes in oil industry, resulting in the losses of nutritional value of oils as well as changes in color, flavor and other physiological properties. Autoxidation of lipids occurs naturally between molecular oxygen and the unsaturation of fatty acids, forming fat-free radicals, peroxide free radicals and hydroperoxides. In order to avoid the lipid oxidation in vegetable oils, synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tertiary butyl hydro-quinone (TBHQ) are commonly used. However, the use of synthetic antioxidants has been associated with several health side effects and toxicity. The use of natural antioxidants as stabilizers of vegetable oils is being suggested as a sustainable alternative to synthetic antioxidants. The alternative that has been studied is the use of natural extracts obtained mainly from fruits, vegetables and seeds, which have a well-known antioxidant activity related mainly to the presence of phenolic compounds. The sunflower seed cake is rich in phenolic compounds (1 4% of the total mass), being the chlorogenic acid the major constituent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro application of the phenolic extract obtained from the sunflower seed cake as a retarder of the lipid oxidation reaction in soybean oil and to compare the results with a synthetic antioxidant. For this, the soybean oil, provided from the industry without any addition of antioxidants, was subjected to an accelerated storage test for 17 days at 65 °C. Six samples with different treatments were submitted to the test: control sample, without any addition of antioxidants; 100 ppm of synthetic antioxidant BHT; mixture of 50 ppm of BHT and 50 ppm of phenolic compounds; and 100, 500 and 1200 ppm of phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds concentration in the extract was expressed in gallic acid equivalents. To evaluate the oxidative changes of the samples, aliquots were collected after 0, 3, 6, 10 and 17 days and analyzed for the peroxide, diene and triene conjugate values. The soybean oil sample initially had a peroxide content of 2.01 ± 0.27 meq of oxygen/kg of oil. On the third day of the treatment, only the samples treated with 100, 500 and 1200 ppm of phenolic compounds showed a considerable oxidation retard compared to the control sample. On the sixth day of the treatment, the samples presented a considerable increase in the peroxide value (higher than 13.57 meq/kg), and the higher the concentration of phenolic compounds, the lower the peroxide value verified. From the tenth day on, the samples had a very high peroxide value (higher than 55.39 meq/kg), where only the sample containing 1200 ppm of phenolic compounds presented significant oxidation retard. The samples containing the phenolic extract were more efficient to avoid the formation of the primary oxidation products, indicating effectiveness to retard the reaction. Similar results were observed for dienes and trienes. Based on the results, phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid (the major phenolic compound of sunflower seed cake), can be considered as a potential partial or even total substitute for synthetic antioxidants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorogenic%20acid" title="chlorogenic acid">chlorogenic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20antioxidant" title=" natural antioxidant"> natural antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables%20oil%20deterioration" title=" vegetables oil deterioration"> vegetables oil deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20valorization" title=" waste valorization"> waste valorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71657/antioxidant-potential-of-sunflower-seed-cake-extract-in-stabilization-of-soybean-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20cake&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20cake&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20cake&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20cake&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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