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Le dilemme des autorités militaires belges face aux délinquants militaires au cours de la guerre 14-18 : Le cas des compagnies spéciales","created_at":"2013-12-03T02:51:22.917-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5302660/Maintenir_ou_%C3%A9loigner_du_front_Le_dilemme_des_autorit%C3%A9s_militaires_belges_face_aux_d%C3%A9linquants_militaires_au_cours_de_la_guerre_14_18_Le_cas_des_compagnies_sp%C3%A9ciales?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_5302660","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32469701,"asset_id":5302660,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7306945,"first_name":"BENOIT","last_name":"AMEZ","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"BENOITAMEZ","display_name":"BENOIT AMEZ","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/BENOITAMEZ?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":752186,"name":"Histoire De La Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_De_La_Justice?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37543894" data-work_id="37543894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37543894/Le_corps_exp%C3%A9ditionnaire_russe_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_1916_1920_Combats_et_mutineries_sur_un_front_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique">Le corps expéditionnaire russe en Macédoine, 1916-1920. Combats et mutineries sur un front périphérique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La Russie est indéniablement la grande oubliée, en France, du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale et plus encore lorsqu’il s’agit de l’histoire des brigades venues combattre sur le front d’Orient. Cet article tend à montrer qu’il y... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37543894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La Russie est indéniablement la grande oubliée, en France, du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale et plus encore lorsqu’il s’agit de l’histoire des brigades venues combattre sur le front d’Orient. Cet article tend à montrer qu’il y a pourtant là un terrain particulièrement fertile, tant du point de vue de l’histoire diplomatique que de l’expérience combattante proprement dite.<br />Plan :<br />I - Entente et fronts périphériques en 1915<br />II - Les brigades russes au combat en Macédoine, 1916-1917<br />III - 1917 : Révolution macédoniennes<br />IV - Le démantèlement des brigades russes en Macédoine</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37543894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bdc4c95fb1c21aecbbfdc1fbf2d6b774" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57518727,"asset_id":37543894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57518727/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2460836" href="https://univ-brest.academia.edu/GwendalPi%C3%A9gais">Gwendal Piégais</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2460836" type="text/json">{"id":2460836,"first_name":"Gwendal","last_name":"Piégais","domain_name":"univ-brest","page_name":"GwendalPiégais","display_name":"Gwendal Piégais","profile_url":"https://univ-brest.academia.edu/GwendalPi%C3%A9gais?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2460836/770221/92671581/s65_gwendal.pi_gais.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37543894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37543894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37543894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37543894", }); 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Combats et mutineries sur un front périphérique","created_at":"2018-10-07T04:07:36.846-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37543894/Le_corps_exp%C3%A9ditionnaire_russe_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_1916_1920_Combats_et_mutineries_sur_un_front_p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_37543894","summary":"La Russie est indéniablement la grande oubliée, en France, du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale et plus encore lorsqu’il s’agit de l’histoire des brigades venues combattre sur le front d’Orient. Cet article tend à montrer qu’il y a pourtant là un terrain particulièrement fertile, tant du point de vue de l’histoire diplomatique que de l’expérience combattante proprement dite.\nPlan :\nI - Entente et fronts périphériques en 1915\nII - Les brigades russes au combat en Macédoine, 1916-1917\nIII - 1917 : Révolution macédoniennes\nIV - Le démantèlement des brigades russes en Macédoine","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57518727,"asset_id":37543894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2460836,"first_name":"Gwendal","last_name":"Piégais","domain_name":"univ-brest","page_name":"GwendalPiégais","display_name":"Gwendal Piégais","profile_url":"https://univ-brest.academia.edu/GwendalPi%C3%A9gais?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2460836/770221/92671581/s65_gwendal.pi_gais.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=985739"},{"id":26626,"name":"Imperial Russian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_Russian_Army?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34052040" data-work_id="34052040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34052040/Le_Feldgraue_in_Eisen_symbole_de_leffort_de_guerre_allemand">Le "Feldgraue in Eisen", symbole de l'effort de guerre allemand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34052040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f2e80f7643f553b4327763b806fe6173" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53989892,"asset_id":34052040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989892/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24757522" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreLegendre">Jean-Pierre Legendre</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24757522" type="text/json">{"id":24757522,"first_name":"Jean-Pierre","last_name":"Legendre","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanPierreLegendre","display_name":"Jean-Pierre Legendre","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreLegendre?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24757522/17330777/17434694/s65_jean-pierre.legendre.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34052040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34052040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34052040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34052040", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34052040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34052040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34052040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34052040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda">Propaganda</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3356" type="text/json">{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5135" type="text/json">{"id":5135,"name":"Iconoclasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconoclasm?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I">World War I</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14482" type="text/json">{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34052040]'), work: {"id":34052040,"title":"Le \"Feldgraue in Eisen\", symbole de l'effort de guerre allemand","created_at":"2017-07-27T04:17:23.789-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34052040/Le_Feldgraue_in_Eisen_symbole_de_leffort_de_guerre_allemand?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_34052040","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53989892,"asset_id":34052040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24757522,"first_name":"Jean-Pierre","last_name":"Legendre","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanPierreLegendre","display_name":"Jean-Pierre Legendre","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreLegendre?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24757522/17330777/17434694/s65_jean-pierre.legendre.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":5135,"name":"Iconoclasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconoclasm?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":27562,"name":"Lorraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lorraine?f_ri=985739"},{"id":80316,"name":"WWI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WWI?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1113223,"name":"Erster Weltkrieg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erster_Weltkrieg?f_ri=985739"},{"id":2752631,"name":"Lothringen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lothringen?f_ri=985739"},{"id":2757099,"name":"iconoclasme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/iconoclasme?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13009775" data-work_id="13009775" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13009775/Les_monnaies_de_n%C3%A9cessit%C3%A9_ou_la_grande_d%C3%A9brouille_dans_le_Nord_occup%C3%A9_1914_1918_">Les monnaies de nécessité ou la grande débrouille dans le Nord occupé (1914-1918)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Communication au colloque régulation, Paris, juin 2015 L’occupation de la zone frontalière du nord de la France par les troupes allemandes en aout-septembre 1914 coupe les autorités politiques et monétaires de leurs tutelles. Pour Lille... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13009775" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Communication au colloque régulation, Paris,  juin 2015<br />L’occupation de la zone frontalière du nord de la France par les troupes allemandes en aout-septembre 1914 coupe les autorités politiques et monétaires de leurs tutelles. Pour Lille ou Roubaix, par exemple, cette situation se prolonge pendant quatre ans. Confrontées à un besoin évident de liquidités, ces municipalités, des  institutions consulaires et des entreprises émettent de la monnaie papier, gagée ou non sur des encaisses, sans aucune garantie de la Banque de France. La rupture du lien avec l’Etat conduit des acteurs privés, dotés ou non d’une légitimité politique, à se substituer à l’institut d’émission, régulateur monétaire officiel. Ces « monnaies de nécessité » visent à préserver les activités économiques qui survivent à l’occupation. Elles servent à payer les fournisseurs, à verser des subsides aux personnes démunies, à régler les traitements des fonctionnaires, et à répondre aux exigences des troupes d’occupation. Malgré les inquiétudes qu’elles suscitent, ces monnaies sont émises pendant toute la guerre. Il s’agit de préciser la façon dont s’organise cette régulation originale, d’analyser les tensions qu’elle génère et de se demander dans quelle mesure elle répond aux besoins. Cette expérience éclaire les formes actuelles de supports des échanges échappant aux autorités monétaires traditionnelles comme le micro crédit.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13009775" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ffa14c05004c71db922117ee914d3104" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37916452,"asset_id":13009775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37916452/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14052084" href="https://univ-lille.academia.edu/B%C3%A9atriceTouchelay">Béatrice Touchelay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14052084" type="text/json">{"id":14052084,"first_name":"Béatrice","last_name":"Touchelay","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"BéatriceTouchelay","display_name":"Béatrice Touchelay","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/B%C3%A9atriceTouchelay?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13009775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13009775"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13009775, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13009775", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13009775]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13009775").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13009775").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13009775"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="865321" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_economique_et_sociale">Histoire économique et sociale</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="865321" type="text/json">{"id":865321,"name":"Histoire économique et sociale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_economique_et_sociale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Première Guerre Mondiale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985739" type="text/json">{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13009775]'), work: {"id":13009775,"title":"Les monnaies de nécessité ou la grande débrouille dans le Nord occupé (1914-1918)","created_at":"2015-06-15T22:25:04.709-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13009775/Les_monnaies_de_n%C3%A9cessit%C3%A9_ou_la_grande_d%C3%A9brouille_dans_le_Nord_occup%C3%A9_1914_1918_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_13009775","summary":"Communication au colloque régulation, Paris, juin 2015\nL’occupation de la zone frontalière du nord de la France par les troupes allemandes en aout-septembre 1914 coupe les autorités politiques et monétaires de leurs tutelles. Pour Lille ou Roubaix, par exemple, cette situation se prolonge pendant quatre ans. Confrontées à un besoin évident de liquidités, ces municipalités, des institutions consulaires et des entreprises émettent de la monnaie papier, gagée ou non sur des encaisses, sans aucune garantie de la Banque de France. La rupture du lien avec l’Etat conduit des acteurs privés, dotés ou non d’une légitimité politique, à se substituer à l’institut d’émission, régulateur monétaire officiel. Ces « monnaies de nécessité » visent à préserver les activités économiques qui survivent à l’occupation. Elles servent à payer les fournisseurs, à verser des subsides aux personnes démunies, à régler les traitements des fonctionnaires, et à répondre aux exigences des troupes d’occupation. Malgré les inquiétudes qu’elles suscitent, ces monnaies sont émises pendant toute la guerre. Il s’agit de préciser la façon dont s’organise cette régulation originale, d’analyser les tensions qu’elle génère et de se demander dans quelle mesure elle répond aux besoins. Cette expérience éclaire les formes actuelles de supports des échanges échappant aux autorités monétaires traditionnelles comme le micro crédit. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37916452,"asset_id":13009775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14052084,"first_name":"Béatrice","last_name":"Touchelay","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"BéatriceTouchelay","display_name":"Béatrice Touchelay","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/B%C3%A9atriceTouchelay?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":865321,"name":"Histoire économique et sociale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_economique_et_sociale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43177905" data-work_id="43177905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43177905/Humanity_at_a_Time_of_Inhumanity_The_International_Movement_of_the_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent">Humanity at a Time of Inhumanity: The International Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43177905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9e0717440ca64752cdc6bd4a626ac9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63442018,"asset_id":43177905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63442018/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4859398" href="https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9dricCotter">Cédric Cotter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4859398" type="text/json">{"id":4859398,"first_name":"Cédric","last_name":"Cotter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CédricCotter","display_name":"Cédric Cotter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9dricCotter?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4859398/2083002/144737137/s65_c_dric.cotter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43177905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43177905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43177905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43177905", }); 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LE BAILLY, M. LANDOLT, L. MAUCHAMPS, B. DUFOUR, Intestinal Parasites in First World War German Soldiers from « Kilianstollen », Carspach, France, Plos One, 9-10, 2014, p. 1-6.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9228009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9bc2f3636230d89bb130df17387fcf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35501746,"asset_id":9228009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35501746/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3341144" href="https://culturecommunication-fr.academia.edu/Micha%C3%ABlLandolt">Michaël Landolt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3341144" type="text/json">{"id":3341144,"first_name":"Michaël","last_name":"Landolt","domain_name":"culturecommunication-fr","page_name":"MichaëlLandolt","display_name":"Michaël Landolt","profile_url":"https://culturecommunication-fr.academia.edu/Micha%C3%ABlLandolt?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3341144/1119111/129167752/s65_micha_l.landolt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9228009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9228009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9228009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9228009", }); 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LE BAILLY, M. LANDOLT, L. MAUCHAMPS, B. 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Qu'ils soient chevaux, bétail, pigeons ou renards, les diverses espèces animales voient leurs conditions de vie et leurs... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40544911" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Entre 1914 et 1918, les animaux du département de l'Indre (Centre de la France) sont confrontés à la guerre. Qu'ils soient chevaux, bétail, pigeons ou renards, les diverses espèces animales voient leurs conditions de vie et leurs effectifs évoluer sensiblement en lien avec les événements militaires et sociaux. Cette étude met donc l'accent sur l'étude du sort des animaux à l'arrière du front.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40544911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98364afae6a669677eccd89512283baa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60820864,"asset_id":40544911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60820864/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88951464" href="https://univ-brest.academia.edu/NicolasBaron">Nicolas Baron</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88951464" type="text/json">{"id":88951464,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Baron","domain_name":"univ-brest","page_name":"NicolasBaron","display_name":"Nicolas Baron","profile_url":"https://univ-brest.academia.edu/NicolasBaron?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88951464/33209170/95657665/s65_nicolas.baron.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40544911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40544911"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40544911, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40544911", }); 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crudo de la Primera Mundial y de la que forman parte previa La guerra de las trincheras (1993) y ¡Puta Guerra! 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href="https://www.academia.edu/42980789/Insoumis_et_d%C3%A9serteurs_italiens_en_France_pendant_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale">Insoumis et déserteurs italiens en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">« Insoumis et déserteurs italiens en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale », », EL-GAMMAL (Jean), JALABERT (Laurent) sous la direction de, Autorités, pouvoirs et conflits du Moyen Âge à nos jours. 10e Université d’Hiver 2017 de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42980789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">« Insoumis et déserteurs italiens en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale », », EL-GAMMAL (Jean), JALABERT (Laurent) sous la direction de, Autorités, pouvoirs et conflits du Moyen Âge à nos jours. 10e Université d’Hiver 2017 de Saint-Mihiel, Nancy, Annales de l’Est, 2018, pp. 273-293.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42980789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37635991" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi">Pierre-Louis Buzzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37635991" 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Une cité horlogère entre guerre mondiale, conflits socio-politiques et restauration de l'ordre (Le Locle, 1912-1919)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Table des matières, introduction et conclusion du mémoire de maîtrise en histoire contemporaine soutenu à l'Université de Lausanne en juin 2020.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44690151" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff9122f2a605633094cb7358c3aafb94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65199806,"asset_id":44690151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65199806/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34968166" href="https://unil.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienAbbet">Sébastien Abbet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34968166" type="text/json">{"id":34968166,"first_name":"Sébastien","last_name":"Abbet","domain_name":"unil","page_name":"SébastienAbbet","display_name":"Sébastien Abbet","profile_url":"https://unil.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienAbbet?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34968166/17428602/17515277/s65_s_bastien.abbet.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44690151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44690151"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44690151, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44690151", }); 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Son occupation par les troupes allemandes pendant quatre ans et demi constitue une catastrophe industrielle importante. C'est sur ce point que les contemporains de l'après-guerre et l'historiographie ont mis l'accent : destruction de matériel, saisie de stocks importants de matières premières et de produits finis ; appauvrissement des populations, pénuries, chômage et travail forcé. Toutefois, cette vision ne prend en compte ni la moindre activité industrielle, même réduite à sa plus faible expression, ni les arrangements qui ont pu survenir au cours du conflit entre occupants et occupés. Lors du colloque tenu à Maubeuge en novembre 2014, nous avions évoqué l'affaire des sacs de terre, qui éclate au printemps-été 1915 1. Or, si un véritable mouvement de refus de participer...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36071526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b2f21ca0363dfd880ba2743ea6aadc9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55959355,"asset_id":36071526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55959355/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36355346" href="https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/SimonVacheron">Simon Vacheron</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36355346" type="text/json">{"id":36355346,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Vacheron","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"SimonVacheron","display_name":"Simon Vacheron","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/SimonVacheron?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36355346/10645203/11883487/s65_simon.vacheron.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36071526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36071526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36071526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36071526", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36071526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36071526").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36071526").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36071526"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History">Business History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3479" type="text/json">{"id":3479,"name":"Business History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106113" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_contemporaine">Histoire contemporaine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106113" type="text/json">{"id":106113,"name":"Histoire contemporaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_contemporaine?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="207262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Industries">Textile Industries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="207262" type="text/json">{"id":207262,"name":"Textile Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Industries?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36071526]'), work: {"id":36071526,"title":"L'industrie textile du Nord sous l'occupation, 1914-1918 : une industrie (presque) inactive","created_at":"2018-03-04T00:09:34.870-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36071526/Lindustrie_textile_du_Nord_sous_loccupation_1914_1918_une_industrie_presque_inactive?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_36071526","summary":"Avec un tiers des broches de filature de coton de France, plus de la moitié de celles de laine cardée, et la presque totalité du matériel de laine peignée et de l'industrie linière, le département du Nord incarne la première région industrielle de France. Son occupation par les troupes allemandes pendant quatre ans et demi constitue une catastrophe industrielle importante. C'est sur ce point que les contemporains de l'après-guerre et l'historiographie ont mis l'accent : destruction de matériel, saisie de stocks importants de matières premières et de produits finis ; appauvrissement des populations, pénuries, chômage et travail forcé. Toutefois, cette vision ne prend en compte ni la moindre activité industrielle, même réduite à sa plus faible expression, ni les arrangements qui ont pu survenir au cours du conflit entre occupants et occupés. Lors du colloque tenu à Maubeuge en novembre 2014, nous avions évoqué l'affaire des sacs de terre, qui éclate au printemps-été 1915 1. Or, si un véritable mouvement de refus de participer...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55959355,"asset_id":36071526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36355346,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Vacheron","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"SimonVacheron","display_name":"Simon Vacheron","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/SimonVacheron?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36355346/10645203/11883487/s65_simon.vacheron.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3479,"name":"Business History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":106113,"name":"Histoire contemporaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_contemporaine?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":207262,"name":"Textile Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Industries?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":735348,"name":"Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":865321,"name":"Histoire économique et sociale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_economique_et_sociale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24361423" data-work_id="24361423" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24361423/Curtius_et_Ortega_sur_la_r%C3%A9ception_de_Spengler">Curtius et Ortega : sur la réception de Spengler</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ein weiterer Zug seiner Originalität liegt in der Art, wie er deutsche und französische Kultur verarbeitet und zusammenführt. Ich wüßte keinen Kritiker in Europa, der mit derselben Sympathie und demselben Verständnis über Madame de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24361423" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ein weiterer Zug seiner Originalität liegt in der Art, wie er deutsche und französische Kultur verarbeitet und zusammenführt. Ich wüßte keinen Kritiker in Europa, der mit derselben Sympathie und demselben Verständnis über Madame de Noailles und Simmel, über Marcel Proust und Max Scheler zu schreiben vermöchte.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24361423" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f41c14d349ce0d1c61582c109be775e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44692942,"asset_id":24361423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44692942/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46953302" href="https://osaka-u.academia.edu/MasayukiTsuda">Masayuki Tsuda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46953302" type="text/json">{"id":46953302,"first_name":"Masayuki","last_name":"Tsuda","domain_name":"osaka-u","page_name":"MasayukiTsuda","display_name":"Masayuki Tsuda","profile_url":"https://osaka-u.academia.edu/MasayukiTsuda?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46953302/12413867/24462320/s65_masayuki.tsuda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24361423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24361423"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24361423, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24361423", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24361423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24361423").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24361423").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24361423"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">73</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24361423]'), work: {"id":24361423,"title":"Curtius et Ortega : sur la réception de Spengler","created_at":"2016-04-13T04:28:14.849-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24361423/Curtius_et_Ortega_sur_la_r%C3%A9ception_de_Spengler?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_24361423","summary":"Ein weiterer Zug seiner Originalität liegt in der Art, wie er deutsche und französische Kultur verarbeitet und zusammenführt. Ich wüßte keinen Kritiker in Europa, der mit derselben Sympathie und demselben Verständnis über Madame de Noailles und Simmel, über Marcel Proust und Max Scheler zu schreiben vermöchte.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44692942,"asset_id":24361423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46953302,"first_name":"Masayuki","last_name":"Tsuda","domain_name":"osaka-u","page_name":"MasayukiTsuda","display_name":"Masayuki Tsuda","profile_url":"https://osaka-u.academia.edu/MasayukiTsuda?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46953302/12413867/24462320/s65_masayuki.tsuda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":199,"name":"Media Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Sociology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":211,"name":"Sociology of Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Culture?f_ri=985739"},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=985739"},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=985739"},{"id":660,"name":"French Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Literature?f_ri=985739"},{"id":662,"name":"German Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Literature?f_ri=985739"},{"id":668,"name":"Spanish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Literature?f_ri=985739"},{"id":948,"name":"Historical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sociology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":957,"name":"Cultural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Sociology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1443,"name":"Max Scheler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Scheler?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1758,"name":"Dante Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dante_Studies?f_ri=985739"},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=985739"},{"id":6278,"name":"Ortega y Gasset","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ortega_y_Gasset?f_ri=985739"},{"id":6455,"name":"20th Century German Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_German_Literature?f_ri=985739"},{"id":8444,"name":"Modernist Literature (Literary Modernism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernist_Literature_Literary_Modernism_?f_ri=985739"},{"id":8451,"name":"T.S. 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S. Eliot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T._S._Eliot?f_ri=985739"},{"id":30347,"name":"Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation?f_ri=985739"},{"id":50361,"name":"Sociologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologie?f_ri=985739"},{"id":52480,"name":"Sociologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologia?f_ri=985739"},{"id":54983,"name":"Oswald Spengler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oswald_Spengler?f_ri=985739"},{"id":57842,"name":"European literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_literature?f_ri=985739"},{"id":71898,"name":"Perspective","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perspective?f_ri=985739"},{"id":80993,"name":"Eurocentrism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurocentrism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":83861,"name":"Letters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Letters?f_ri=985739"},{"id":87238,"name":"Thomas. 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Entre 1914 et 1919, 5.000 d’entre eux ont été internés dans le camp de l’Île Longue, situé dans le Finistère. Après deux années de captivité, les autorités locales ne parviennent pas à occuper les esprits des internés, harassés par l’oisiveté grandissante de leur condition et lassés de cohabiter avec des camarades qui présentent une multitude de profils sociaux et géographiques. Des internés s’engagent alors pour l’instauration d’une riche et exceptionnelle vie culturelle destinée à tous leurs camarades. Ils se placent ainsi en véritables intellectuels, qui produisent des activités adaptées à leur sort et se posent en médiateurs auprès de leurs camarades et des autorités. Mais les multiples profils de ces intellectuels, ainsi que leurs diverses motivations, qui dépassent le simple cadre du divertissement, témoignent de la naissance de figures intellectuelles spécifiques à la captivité.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35162253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50647190" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ElodieRivalin">Elodie Rivalin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50647190" type="text/json">{"id":50647190,"first_name":"Elodie","last_name":"Rivalin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"ElodieRivalin","display_name":"Elodie Rivalin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ElodieRivalin?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50647190/14106875/19901137/s65_elodie.rivalin.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35162253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35162253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35162253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35162253", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35162253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35162253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35162253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35162253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="104810" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="104810" type="text/json">{"id":104810,"name":"Allemagne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allemagne?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225454" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="225454" type="text/json">{"id":225454,"name":"Bretagne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bretagne?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="891534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Des_Intellectuels">Histoire Des Intellectuels</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="891534" type="text/json">{"id":891534,"name":"Histoire Des Intellectuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Des_Intellectuels?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Première Guerre Mondiale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985739" type="text/json">{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35162253]'), work: {"id":35162253,"title":"Résumé du mémoire de M2","created_at":"2017-11-16T06:25:47.429-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35162253/R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9_du_m%C3%A9moire_de_M2?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_35162253","summary":"En août 1914, lors de l’éclatement de la guerre, la France met en place, dans le but de protéger son territoire, une politique d’internement à l’encontre de ses ressortissants originaires des Empires centraux, désormais considérés comme des ennemis, et de tous les hommes mobilisables qui tenteraient de s’enrôler dans les armées adverses. Entre 1914 et 1919, 5.000 d’entre eux ont été internés dans le camp de l’Île Longue, situé dans le Finistère. Après deux années de captivité, les autorités locales ne parviennent pas à occuper les esprits des internés, harassés par l’oisiveté grandissante de leur condition et lassés de cohabiter avec des camarades qui présentent une multitude de profils sociaux et géographiques. Des internés s’engagent alors pour l’instauration d’une riche et exceptionnelle vie culturelle destinée à tous leurs camarades. Ils se placent ainsi en véritables intellectuels, qui produisent des activités adaptées à leur sort et se posent en médiateurs auprès de leurs camarades et des autorités. Mais les multiples profils de ces intellectuels, ainsi que leurs diverses motivations, qui dépassent le simple cadre du divertissement, témoignent de la naissance de figures intellectuelles spécifiques à la captivité.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50647190,"first_name":"Elodie","last_name":"Rivalin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"ElodieRivalin","display_name":"Elodie Rivalin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ElodieRivalin?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50647190/14106875/19901137/s65_elodie.rivalin.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":104810,"name":"Allemagne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allemagne?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":225454,"name":"Bretagne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bretagne?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":891534,"name":"Histoire Des Intellectuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Des_Intellectuels?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1190673,"name":"Prisonniers de guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisonniers_de_guerre?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13896707" data-work_id="13896707" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13896707/Barbarie_s_en_repr%C3%A9sentations_le_cas_fran%C3%A7ais_1914_1918_">Barbarie(s) en représentations : le cas français (1914-1918)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this paper is to review the multiple meanings of the terms "barbarian" and "barbarity" during World War I in France. The atrocities perpetrated by the German armies in late Summer 1914 contributed to portray the Germans as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13896707" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this paper is to review the multiple meanings of the terms "barbarian" and "barbarity" during World War I in France. The atrocities perpetrated by the German armies in late Summer 1914 contributed to portray the Germans as "barbarians". This widely circulated image was increasingly used by wartime propaganda. This paper also shows how the term was used by the French themselves to describe their own barbarity and to question brutal forms of warfare. <br /> <br />This paper also shows how the term was used to describe one's own barbarity and to question brutal forms of warfare. <br /> <br />Key words : First World War; Image of Enemy; Barbarian; Brutalization; Cruelty. <br /> <br />Résumé : <br /> <br />Cet article s’intéresse aux différentes acceptions des termes « barbare » et « barbarie » en Grande Guerre, et notamment dans le cas de (...) <br /> <br />    lire la suite <br />    In English <br /> <br />Cet article s’intéresse aux différentes acceptions des termes « barbare » et « barbarie » en Grande Guerre, et notamment dans le cas de la France. Il montre que le barbare est une image de l’ennemi très répandue et utilisée qui se radicalise encore entre 1914 et 1918, notamment du fait des atrocités allemandes du début de la guerre qui permettent d’accuser l’ennemi de « barbarie ». Mais il montre aussi que le terme est parfois employé pour évoquer sa barbarie propre en interrogeant les pratiques de violence sur le champ de bataille. <br /> <br />Mots clés : Première Guerre mondiale ; image de l’ennemi ; barbare ; brutalisation ; cruauté.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13896707" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a4dc44318778dfe61afb7b252a8721c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38153645,"asset_id":13896707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38153645/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14043976" href="https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/NicolasBeaupr%C3%A9">Nicolas Beaupré</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14043976" type="text/json">{"id":14043976,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Beaupré","domain_name":"univ-bpclermont","page_name":"NicolasBeaupré","display_name":"Nicolas Beaupré","profile_url":"https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/NicolasBeaupr%C3%A9?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14043976/3874950/8121862/s65_nicolas.beaupr_.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13896707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13896707"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13896707, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13896707", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13896707]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13896707").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13896707").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13896707"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War">Great War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8339" type="text/json">{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19918" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruelty">Cruelty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19918" type="text/json">{"id":19918,"name":"Cruelty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruelty?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13896707]'), work: {"id":13896707,"title":"Barbarie(s) en représentations : le cas français (1914-1918)","created_at":"2015-07-10T12:19:14.817-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13896707/Barbarie_s_en_repr%C3%A9sentations_le_cas_fran%C3%A7ais_1914_1918_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_13896707","summary":"The purpose of this paper is to review the multiple meanings of the terms \"barbarian\" and \"barbarity\" during World War I in France. The atrocities perpetrated by the German armies in late Summer 1914 contributed to portray the Germans as \"barbarians\". This widely circulated image was increasingly used by wartime propaganda. This paper also shows how the term was used by the French themselves to describe their own barbarity and to question brutal forms of warfare.\r\n\r\nThis paper also shows how the term was used to describe one's own barbarity and to question brutal forms of warfare.\r\n\r\nKey words : First World War; Image of Enemy; Barbarian; Brutalization; Cruelty.\r\n\r\nRésumé :\r\n\r\nCet article s’intéresse aux différentes acceptions des termes « barbare » et « barbarie » en Grande Guerre, et notamment dans le cas de (...)\r\n\r\n lire la suite\r\n In English\r\n\r\nCet article s’intéresse aux différentes acceptions des termes « barbare » et « barbarie » en Grande Guerre, et notamment dans le cas de la France. Il montre que le barbare est une image de l’ennemi très répandue et utilisée qui se radicalise encore entre 1914 et 1918, notamment du fait des atrocités allemandes du début de la guerre qui permettent d’accuser l’ennemi de « barbarie ». Mais il montre aussi que le terme est parfois employé pour évoquer sa barbarie propre en interrogeant les pratiques de violence sur le champ de bataille.\r\n\r\nMots clés : Première Guerre mondiale ; image de l’ennemi ; barbare ; brutalisation ; cruauté.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38153645,"asset_id":13896707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14043976,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Beaupré","domain_name":"univ-bpclermont","page_name":"NicolasBeaupré","display_name":"Nicolas Beaupré","profile_url":"https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/NicolasBeaupr%C3%A9?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14043976/3874950/8121862/s65_nicolas.beaupr_.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":19918,"name":"Cruelty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cruelty?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=985739"},{"id":125540,"name":"Cultural History of the First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History_of_the_First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":735348,"name":"Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":971765,"name":"Barbarie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barbarie?f_ri=985739"},{"id":978886,"name":"Barbarism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barbarism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1471979,"name":"George Mosse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George_Mosse?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1786722,"name":"cruauté","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cruaut%C3%A9?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1945764,"name":"Histoire de la première guerre mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38228209" data-work_id="38228209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38228209/Une_enfance_d_entre_deux_souvenirs_d_un_fils_d_immigr%C3%A9s_italiens_pendant_et_apr%C3%A8s_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale">Une enfance « d’entre-deux » : souvenirs d’un fils d’immigrés italiens pendant et après la Première Guerre mondiale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Publié dans Italies, n°22, 2018, pp. 269-284. Osvaldo Bolloni naît en Italie en 1909 et arrive en France dans les bras de ses parents en 1912. La Première Guerre mondiale déclenchée, la famille retourne en Italie où Osvaldo passe son... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38228209" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Publié dans Italies, n°22, 2018, pp. 269-284.<br /><br />Osvaldo Bolloni naît en Italie en 1909 et arrive en France dans les bras de ses parents en 1912. La Première Guerre mondiale déclenchée, la famille retourne en Italie où Osvaldo passe son enfance. Il revient en France avec sa famille dans les années vingt et s’y installe définitivement en étant musicien dans l’armée française. Sur la demande de membres de sa famille, il écrit dans les années 1970 les souvenirs de son passé, de son enfance marquée par l’émigration, la Grande Guerre, la famille, le travail et les diverses occupations traditionnelles de l’enfance en Italie.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38228209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37635991" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi">Pierre-Louis Buzzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37635991" type="text/json">{"id":37635991,"first_name":"Pierre-Louis","last_name":"Buzzi","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PierreLouisBuzzi","display_name":"Pierre-Louis Buzzi","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37635991/10608941/27047897/s65_pierre-louis.buzzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38228209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38228209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38228209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38228209", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38228209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38228209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38228209"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38228209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38228209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38228209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38228209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38228209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38228209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38228209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_migration">Italian migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135056" type="text/json">{"id":135056,"name":"Italian migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_migration?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="434548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prima_Guerra_Mondiale">Prima Guerra Mondiale</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="434548" type="text/json">{"id":434548,"name":"Prima Guerra Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prima_Guerra_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="616742" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_migration_literature">Italian migration literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="616742" type="text/json">{"id":616742,"name":"Italian migration literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_migration_literature?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38228209]'), work: {"id":38228209,"title":"Une enfance « d’entre-deux » : souvenirs d’un fils d’immigrés italiens pendant et après la Première Guerre mondiale","created_at":"2019-01-27T00:39:16.444-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38228209/Une_enfance_d_entre_deux_souvenirs_d_un_fils_d_immigr%C3%A9s_italiens_pendant_et_apr%C3%A8s_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_38228209","summary":"Publié dans Italies, n°22, 2018, pp. 269-284.\n\nOsvaldo Bolloni naît en Italie en 1909 et arrive en France dans les bras de ses parents en 1912. La Première Guerre mondiale déclenchée, la famille retourne en Italie où Osvaldo passe son enfance. Il revient en France avec sa famille dans les années vingt et s’y installe définitivement en étant musicien dans l’armée française. Sur la demande de membres de sa famille, il écrit dans les années 1970 les souvenirs de son passé, de son enfance marquée par l’émigration, la Grande Guerre, la famille, le travail et les diverses occupations traditionnelles de l’enfance en Italie.\n\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37635991,"first_name":"Pierre-Louis","last_name":"Buzzi","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PierreLouisBuzzi","display_name":"Pierre-Louis Buzzi","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37635991/10608941/27047897/s65_pierre-louis.buzzi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":135056,"name":"Italian migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_migration?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":434548,"name":"Prima Guerra Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prima_Guerra_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":616742,"name":"Italian migration literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_migration_literature?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1013267,"name":"Mémoires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memoires?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1451012,"name":"Récits De Vie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recits_De_Vie?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1453575,"name":"Premiere Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premiere_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1497936,"name":"migration studies, Italian emigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/migration_studies_Italian_emigration?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1739354,"name":"Immigration Italienne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Italienne?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1935693,"name":"Narrativa italiana sulla Prima guerra mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrativa_italiana_sulla_Prima_guerra_mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1945764,"name":"Histoire de la première guerre mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":2573223,"name":"Mémoire de la Première Guerre mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M%C3%A9moire_de_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11990038" data-work_id="11990038" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11990038/Filip_Lucian_Iorga_The_Onou_Family_from_the_Moldavian_country_squires_to_the_aristocrats_who_played_a_role_in_the_Russian_diplomacy_during_World_War_I_and_the_Bolshevik_Revolution">Filip-Lucian Iorga, The Onou Family: from the Moldavian country squires to the aristocrats who played a role in the Russian diplomacy during World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The author, Filip-Lucian Iorga, descendant of a family of freeholders from south-eastern Wallachia, started studying the genealogy of his family’s relatives, the Străjescu family, Moldavian boyars. Thanks to an unpublished genealogical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11990038" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The author, Filip-Lucian Iorga, descendant of a family of freeholders from south-eastern Wallachia, started studying the genealogy of his family’s relatives, the Străjescu family, Moldavian boyars. Thanks to an unpublished genealogical tree of this family, belonging to the Mihai Dim. Sturdza archive, Filip-Lucian Iorga found out about the descendants of the Străjescu family from the Onul (Onou) family (Elena Străjescu married Constantin Onul). Filip Iorga started to investigate the Onou genealogy and the biographies of several members of the family, who served as Russian diplomats: Michel Onou (1835-1901; counselor at the Russian embassy in Constantinople, between 1869 and 1879 and Minister Plenipotentiary of Russia in Greece); and Michel Onou’s three sons: Alexandre Onou (1865-1935; historian and diplomat, consul-general of Russia in Great Britain, in 1917), Constantin Onou (1875-1950; chargé d’affaires of Russia in the United States, in 1917; diplomatic chancellor of the Russian White Armies under Generals Denikin and Wrangel, in 1919) and André Onou (1881-1950; Minister Plenipotentiary of Russia in Switzerland, in 1917). The marriages of the Onou are very interesting, because they prove the perfect integration of a Romanian family belonging to small nobility into the highest Russian aristocracy: Michel Onou married the Baroness Louise of Jomini (granddaughter of the famous military strategist and historian, General Antoine-Henri, Baron of Jomini); Alexandre Onou married Natalia Nikolaevna Golovina; Hélène (Elena) Onou (1870-1955) married Prince Wladimir Wladimirovich Trubetzkoy; Alexandra Onou (1873-1944) married Prince Vsevolod Nikolaevich Shakhovskoy, the last minister for Trade and Industry in the Tsar’s government (1916-1917); Constantin Onou married Catherine (Katia) Bouteneff. Future studies on the Onou genealogy will benefit from the recent discovery, by Filip-Lucian Iorga, of Katia Onou’s archives, in Italy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11990038" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed261a4f7372ecf741de181e14d881c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37335266,"asset_id":11990038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37335266/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26720616" href="https://unibuc.academia.edu/FilipLucianIorga">Filip-Lucian Iorga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26720616" type="text/json">{"id":26720616,"first_name":"Filip-Lucian","last_name":"Iorga","domain_name":"unibuc","page_name":"FilipLucianIorga","display_name":"Filip-Lucian Iorga","profile_url":"https://unibuc.academia.edu/FilipLucianIorga?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/7285c1cc0071d540fa72c496d86fabd1?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11990038 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11990038"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11990038, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11990038", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11990038]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11990038").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11990038").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11990038"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2061" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy">Genealogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2061" type="text/json">{"id":2061,"name":"Genealogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11143" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nobility">Nobility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11143" type="text/json">{"id":11143,"name":"Nobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nobility?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13626" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microhistory">Microhistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13626" type="text/json">{"id":13626,"name":"Microhistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microhistory?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I">World War I</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14482" type="text/json">{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11990038]'), work: {"id":11990038,"title":"Filip-Lucian Iorga, The Onou Family: from the Moldavian country squires to the aristocrats who played a role in the Russian diplomacy during World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution","created_at":"2015-04-17T07:56:29.089-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11990038/Filip_Lucian_Iorga_The_Onou_Family_from_the_Moldavian_country_squires_to_the_aristocrats_who_played_a_role_in_the_Russian_diplomacy_during_World_War_I_and_the_Bolshevik_Revolution?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_11990038","summary":"The author, Filip-Lucian Iorga, descendant of a family of freeholders from south-eastern Wallachia, started studying the genealogy of his family’s relatives, the Străjescu family, Moldavian boyars. Thanks to an unpublished genealogical tree of this family, belonging to the Mihai Dim. Sturdza archive, Filip-Lucian Iorga found out about the descendants of the Străjescu family from the Onul (Onou) family (Elena Străjescu married Constantin Onul). Filip Iorga started to investigate the Onou genealogy and the biographies of several members of the family, who served as Russian diplomats: Michel Onou (1835-1901; counselor at the Russian embassy in Constantinople, between 1869 and 1879 and Minister Plenipotentiary of Russia in Greece); and Michel Onou’s three sons: Alexandre Onou (1865-1935; historian and diplomat, consul-general of Russia in Great Britain, in 1917), Constantin Onou (1875-1950; chargé d’affaires of Russia in the United States, in 1917; diplomatic chancellor of the Russian White Armies under Generals Denikin and Wrangel, in 1919) and André Onou (1881-1950; Minister Plenipotentiary of Russia in Switzerland, in 1917). The marriages of the Onou are very interesting, because they prove the perfect integration of a Romanian family belonging to small nobility into the highest Russian aristocracy: Michel Onou married the Baroness Louise of Jomini (granddaughter of the famous military strategist and historian, General Antoine-Henri, Baron of Jomini); Alexandre Onou married Natalia Nikolaevna Golovina; Hélène (Elena) Onou (1870-1955) married Prince Wladimir Wladimirovich Trubetzkoy; Alexandra Onou (1873-1944) married Prince Vsevolod Nikolaevich Shakhovskoy, the last minister for Trade and Industry in the Tsar’s government (1916-1917); Constantin Onou married Catherine (Katia) Bouteneff. Future studies on the Onou genealogy will benefit from the recent discovery, by Filip-Lucian Iorga, of Katia Onou’s archives, in Italy. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37335266,"asset_id":11990038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26720616,"first_name":"Filip-Lucian","last_name":"Iorga","domain_name":"unibuc","page_name":"FilipLucianIorga","display_name":"Filip-Lucian Iorga","profile_url":"https://unibuc.academia.edu/FilipLucianIorga?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/7285c1cc0071d540fa72c496d86fabd1?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2061,"name":"Genealogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genealogy?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":11143,"name":"Nobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nobility?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":13626,"name":"Microhistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microhistory?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":18978,"name":"Russian Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Revolution?f_ri=985739"},{"id":32159,"name":"Family history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_history?f_ri=985739"},{"id":54478,"name":"Aristocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristocracy?f_ri=985739"},{"id":83741,"name":"Russian Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Civil_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":105532,"name":"Russian exiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_exiles?f_ri=985739"},{"id":128972,"name":"Russian Aristocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Aristocracy?f_ri=985739"},{"id":129225,"name":"Russian diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_diplomacy?f_ri=985739"},{"id":200529,"name":"Personal and Family Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_and_Family_Archives?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1268489,"name":"noblesse russe, Russian aristocracy, October revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/noblesse_russe_Russian_aristocracy_October_revolution?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1321574,"name":"Révolution Russe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolution_Russe?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1373262,"name":"Bolshevik Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolshevik_Revolution?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1389297,"name":"White Russians In Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Russians_In_Turkey?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1826903,"name":"Romanian Nobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_Nobility?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1900011,"name":"Boyars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boyars?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9024618 coauthored" data-work_id="9024618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9024618/Sol%C3%A9_Queralt_and_Jan%C3%A9_Oscar_Larqueologia_del_m%C3%B3n_modern_i_contemporani_Noves_perspectives">Solé, Queralt & Jané, Oscar, L'arqueologia del món modern i contemporani. Noves perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L'arqueologia del món modern i contemporani. Noves perspectives L'estudi de l'arqueologia es mou i evoluciona, igual que l'estudi de la història, tot i que a l'arqueologia li resulta més fàcil assumir i aplicar noves tecnologies. Els seus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9024618" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L'arqueologia del món modern i contemporani. Noves perspectives L'estudi de l'arqueologia es mou i evoluciona, igual que l'estudi de la història, tot i que a l'arqueologia li resulta més fàcil assumir i aplicar noves tecnologies. Els seus criteris i la seva percepció del món s'alimenten de totes les ciències humanes i aprofi ta les modernitats del món de la tècnica. Ara bé, si agafem els plans d'estudi dels pocs graus d'arqueologia del país (UB i UAB), veurem que el seu plantejament segueix uns patrons ben fi xats i marcats en la relació clàssica entre arqueologia, prehistòria i món antic. I això, tot i que s'allunya de l'evolució acadèmica que s'està produint al món anglosaxó o europeu en general dels darrers anys, no sembla tirar enrere el gran nombre d'estudiants que aquests estudis segueixen tenint.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9024618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8ea39185c767274d9d26a1da6c9cbaf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63544295,"asset_id":9024618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63544295/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3322999" href="https://uab.academia.edu/OscarJan%C3%A9">Oscar Jané</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3322999" type="text/json">{"id":3322999,"first_name":"Oscar","last_name":"Jané","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"OscarJané","display_name":"Oscar Jané","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/OscarJan%C3%A9?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3322999/1112170/124545157/s65_oscar.jan_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-9024618">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-9024618"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ub.academia.edu/QueraltSol%C3%A9">Queralt Solé</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-9024618'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-9024618').html(); 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Noves perspectives","created_at":"2014-10-29T21:47:45.816-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9024618/Sol%C3%A9_Queralt_and_Jan%C3%A9_Oscar_Larqueologia_del_m%C3%B3n_modern_i_contemporani_Noves_perspectives?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_9024618","summary":"L'arqueologia del món modern i contemporani. Noves perspectives L'estudi de l'arqueologia es mou i evoluciona, igual que l'estudi de la història, tot i que a l'arqueologia li resulta més fàcil assumir i aplicar noves tecnologies. Els seus criteris i la seva percepció del món s'alimenten de totes les ciències humanes i aprofi ta les modernitats del món de la tècnica. Ara bé, si agafem els plans d'estudi dels pocs graus d'arqueologia del país (UB i UAB), veurem que el seu plantejament segueix uns patrons ben fi xats i marcats en la relació clàssica entre arqueologia, prehistòria i món antic. I això, tot i que s'allunya de l'evolució acadèmica que s'està produint al món anglosaxó o europeu en general dels darrers anys, no sembla tirar enrere el gran nombre d'estudiants que aquests estudis segueixen tenint.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63544295,"asset_id":9024618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3322999,"first_name":"Oscar","last_name":"Jané","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"OscarJané","display_name":"Oscar Jané","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/OscarJan%C3%A9?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3322999/1112170/124545157/s65_oscar.jan_.jpg"},{"id":3070787,"first_name":"Queralt","last_name":"Solé","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"QueraltSolé","display_name":"Queralt Solé","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/QueraltSol%C3%A9?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3070787/1009489/26635592/s65_queralt.sol_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":12791,"name":"Conflict Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Archaeology?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":22422,"name":"Archaeology of the Contemporary Past","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Contemporary_Past?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":27562,"name":"Lorraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lorraine?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":38945,"name":"Arqueología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=985739"},{"id":52155,"name":"Archeaology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeaology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":95733,"name":"Arqueología del Paisaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa_del_Paisaje?f_ri=985739"},{"id":103557,"name":"Archéologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arch%C3%A9ologie?f_ri=985739"},{"id":108055,"name":"GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GUERRA_CIVIL_ESPA%C3%91OLA?f_ri=985739"},{"id":123660,"name":"Arqueología del conflicto y la represión","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_del_conflicto_y_la_represion?f_ri=985739"},{"id":168734,"name":"Historiografia, História Moderna e Contemporânea, Teoria da História","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiografia_Historia_Moderna_e_Contemporanea_Teoria_da_Historia?f_ri=985739"},{"id":249231,"name":"Historia Contemporánea de España","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea_de_Espa%C3%B1a?f_ri=985739"},{"id":249390,"name":"Historia Contemporánea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea?f_ri=985739"},{"id":384046,"name":"Arqueología de la Guerra Civil Española","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa_de_la_Guerra_Civil_Espa%C3%B1ola?f_ri=985739"},{"id":385188,"name":"Alsace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alsace?f_ri=985739"},{"id":654728,"name":"Arqueología Campos del conflicto y campos de batalla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_Campos_del_conflicto_y_campos_de_batalla?f_ri=985739"},{"id":692712,"name":"Histoire Et Archéologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Et_Archeologie?f_ri=985739"},{"id":884450,"name":"Contemporary Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Archeology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1204243,"name":"Archéologie Moderne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologie_Moderne?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13457687 coauthored" data-work_id="13457687" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13457687/El_at%C3%ADpico_verano_de_1914_viejas_decisiones_en_las_trincheras_del_siglo_XXI_The_Atypical_Summer_of_1914_Old_Decissions_at_the_Twenty_First_Century_Trenches">El atípico verano de 1914: viejas decisiones en las trincheras del siglo XXI / The Atypical Summer of 1914: Old Decissions at the Twenty-First Century Trenches </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El centenario del estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial supone un momento idóneo para reflexionar sobre la función del investigador. Desaparecidos los testigos de esta contienda, su imagen sólo puede ser transmitida de manera indirecta... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13457687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El centenario del estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial supone un momento idóneo para reflexionar sobre la función del investigador. Desaparecidos los testigos de esta contienda, su imagen sólo puede ser transmitida de manera indirecta por aquellos estudios historiográficos que buscan comprender el inicio y desarrollo de este acontecimiento. No obstante, más allá de las innumerables aportaciones realizadas por distintos autores, no existe todavía una valoración unánime que permita responder a dos preguntas clave: ¿Por qué se produjo la guerra en ese momento? ¿Qué factores o acciones fueron responsables de su desencadenamiento? El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en  los sucesos del verano de 1914, utilizando tanto las fuentes primarias disponibles como las diversas interpretaciones realizadas hasta la actualidad. Si bien este análisis no aporta muchas novedades a un debate académico estancado desde hace veinte años, su principal contribución reside en su labor de síntesis. De este modo, se pretende establecer una serie de lazos estrechos entre el sistema internacional de ese momento, el papel de los distintos actores estatales y la influencia de ciertos factores condicionantes. <br /> <br />The centennial of the outbreak of the First World War is a good occasion to reflect on the role of the researcher. Once the witnesses of the struggle disappeared, the war's image can only be transmitted through historical studies which seek to understand its beginning and development. However, after the countless contributions made by a wide array of authors, there is still no unanimous assessment on two key questions: Why did the war start at that precise moment? What reasons or actions unleashed it? <br />This article aims to reexamine the events of the summer of 1914, using both primary sources and different interpretations advanced up to this date. While it does not pretend to shed much new light on an academic debate that has been going on for twenty years, it summarizes the main arguments in a new and illuminating way, highlighting a series of close ties between the international system, the role of different states and the influence of structural factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13457687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a59212aef2cb7f39ec544a7e3338a64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38054485,"asset_id":13457687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38054485/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20737448" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9ManuelMoralesTamaral">José Manuel Morales Tamaral</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20737448" type="text/json">{"id":20737448,"first_name":"José Manuel","last_name":"Morales Tamaral","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"JoséManuelMoralesTamaral","display_name":"José Manuel Morales Tamaral","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9ManuelMoralesTamaral?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20737448/9863949/10995036/s65_jos_manuel.morales_tamaral.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13457687">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13457687"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucm.academia.edu/JoseCarlosAr%C3%A1nguez">Jose Carlos Aránguez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13457687'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13457687').html(); 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Desaparecidos los testigos de esta contienda, su imagen sólo puede ser transmitida de manera indirecta por aquellos estudios historiográficos que buscan comprender el inicio y desarrollo de este acontecimiento. No obstante, más allá de las innumerables aportaciones realizadas por distintos autores, no existe todavía una valoración unánime que permita responder a dos preguntas clave: ¿Por qué se produjo la guerra en ese momento? ¿Qué factores o acciones fueron responsables de su desencadenamiento? El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en los sucesos del verano de 1914, utilizando tanto las fuentes primarias disponibles como las diversas interpretaciones realizadas hasta la actualidad. Si bien este análisis no aporta muchas novedades a un debate académico estancado desde hace veinte años, su principal contribución reside en su labor de síntesis. De este modo, se pretende establecer una serie de lazos estrechos entre el sistema internacional de ese momento, el papel de los distintos actores estatales y la influencia de ciertos factores condicionantes.\r\n\r\nThe centennial of the outbreak of the First World War is a good occasion to reflect on the role of the researcher. Once the witnesses of the struggle disappeared, the war's image can only be transmitted through historical studies which seek to understand its beginning and development. However, after the countless contributions made by a wide array of authors, there is still no unanimous assessment on two key questions: Why did the war start at that precise moment? What reasons or actions unleashed it?\r\nThis article aims to reexamine the events of the summer of 1914, using both primary sources and different interpretations advanced up to this date. While it does not pretend to shed much new light on an academic debate that has been going on for twenty years, it summarizes the main arguments in a new and illuminating way, highlighting a series of close ties between the international system, the role of different states and the influence of structural factors.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38054485,"asset_id":13457687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20737448,"first_name":"José Manuel","last_name":"Morales Tamaral","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"JoséManuelMoralesTamaral","display_name":"José Manuel Morales Tamaral","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9ManuelMoralesTamaral?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20737448/9863949/10995036/s65_jos_manuel.morales_tamaral.jpg"},{"id":25543939,"first_name":"Jose Carlos","last_name":"Aránguez","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"JoseCarlosAránguez","display_name":"Jose Carlos Aránguez","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/JoseCarlosAr%C3%A1nguez?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":2326,"name":"Nineteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=985739"},{"id":5211,"name":"International History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_History?f_ri=985739"},{"id":12643,"name":"Twentieth Century History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Twentieth_Century_History_and_Culture?f_ri=985739"},{"id":12785,"name":"History of International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_International_Relations?f_ri=985739"},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":19332,"name":"19th Century (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_History_?f_ri=985739"},{"id":25166,"name":"20th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century?f_ri=985739"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=985739"},{"id":89295,"name":"Relaciones Internacionales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relaciones_Internacionales?f_ri=985739"},{"id":120344,"name":"Siglo XIX","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siglo_XIX?f_ri=985739"},{"id":249390,"name":"Historia Contemporánea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contempor%C3%A1nea?f_ri=985739"},{"id":386484,"name":"Primera Guerra Mundial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primera_Guerra_Mundial?f_ri=985739"},{"id":604354,"name":"Relations Internationales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relations_Internationales?f_ri=985739"},{"id":697275,"name":"Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_las_Relaciones_Internacionales?f_ri=985739"},{"id":798253,"name":"historia diplomática siglo XIX","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/historia_diplomatica_siglo_XIX?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1113223,"name":"Erster Weltkrieg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erster_Weltkrieg?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44066356" data-work_id="44066356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44066356/Syllabus_Cours_magistral_UCO_BS_La_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale_2020_2021_">Syllabus Cours magistral UCO-BS La Première Guerre mondiale (2020-2021)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ce cours est un rappel des principaux faits et notions qui caractérisent la séquence historique majeure qu'est la Première Guerre mondiale. Il ambitionne de vous faire maîtriser la chronologie du conflit et de vous amener à envisager la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44066356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ce cours est un rappel des principaux faits et notions qui caractérisent la séquence historique majeure qu'est la Première Guerre mondiale. Il ambitionne de vous faire maîtriser la chronologie du conflit et de vous amener à envisager la Grande Guerre dans une large palette de dimensions : militaire et diplomatique bien entendu mais aussi sociale, culturelle, politique, économique…, tous ces champs composant au final l'événement 14-18. L'étendue du programme ne permettant évidemment pas de proposer une histoire totale de la Grande Guerre, ce cours entend vous fournir des repères pour vous permettre d'appréhender les grands tournants de cette séquence chronologique. La bibliographie présentée en fin de document n'est ainsi qu'un guide vous permettant d'orienter vos lectures : il est entendu que vous ne pourrez pas assimiler tous ces ouvrages en un seul semestre. • Ce cours a pour objectif de vous amener à maîtriser les grands courants qui structurent l'historiographie de la Première Guerre mondiale, ce qui implique de ne pas se cantonner aux auteurs français. Elevés, de tels objectifs nécessitent un travail assidu, méthodique et surtout régulier. Celui-ci ne doit pas se limiter au seul bachotage des cours mais doit au contraire s'incarner en de multiples lectures qui refléteront votre curiosité et votre goût pour l'histoire. De manière générale, j'accorde une grande importance aux échanges avec les étudiants. Nous avons de surcroît la chance d'évoluer dans une petite structure, à taille humaine. Faisons donc en sorte que les sessions que nous partagerons ensemble ressemblent plus à des séances de séminaire, basées sur l'échange, qu'à de classiques cours magistraux. Organisation du semestre Ce semestre sera organisé en 8 séances de trois heures balayant chronologiquement et thématiquement la période. Ces cours constitueront autant de repères, d'indications, pour orienter votre travail de la semaine. Chaque séance est organisée autour d'une problématique posée par la Grande Guerre et résumée par une simple question. Celle-ci est traitée en trois parties, de manière à vous fournir les repères essentiels sur la période mais également à vous permettre d'intérioriser la méthodologie de la dissertation. A noter que le calendrier ci-dessous est susceptible de modifications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44066356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c35ff84a712ad549b60211096efb45eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64409849,"asset_id":44066356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64409849/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52073546" href="https://univ-rennes2.academia.edu/ErwanLeGall">Erwan Le Gall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52073546" type="text/json">{"id":52073546,"first_name":"Erwan","last_name":"Le Gall","domain_name":"univ-rennes2","page_name":"ErwanLeGall","display_name":"Erwan Le Gall","profile_url":"https://univ-rennes2.academia.edu/ErwanLeGall?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52073546/14788118/29528984/s65_erwan.le_gall.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44066356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44066356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44066356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44066356", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44066356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44066356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44066356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44066356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies">War Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3872" type="text/json">{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War">Great War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8339" type="text/json">{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I">World War I</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14482" type="text/json">{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44066356]'), work: {"id":44066356,"title":"Syllabus Cours magistral UCO-BS La Première Guerre mondiale (2020-2021)","created_at":"2020-09-11T05:47:10.987-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44066356/Syllabus_Cours_magistral_UCO_BS_La_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale_2020_2021_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_44066356","summary":"Ce cours est un rappel des principaux faits et notions qui caractérisent la séquence historique majeure qu'est la Première Guerre mondiale. 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Elevés, de tels objectifs nécessitent un travail assidu, méthodique et surtout régulier. Celui-ci ne doit pas se limiter au seul bachotage des cours mais doit au contraire s'incarner en de multiples lectures qui refléteront votre curiosité et votre goût pour l'histoire. De manière générale, j'accorde une grande importance aux échanges avec les étudiants. Nous avons de surcroît la chance d'évoluer dans une petite structure, à taille humaine. Faisons donc en sorte que les sessions que nous partagerons ensemble ressemblent plus à des séances de séminaire, basées sur l'échange, qu'à de classiques cours magistraux. Organisation du semestre Ce semestre sera organisé en 8 séances de trois heures balayant chronologiquement et thématiquement la période. Ces cours constitueront autant de repères, d'indications, pour orienter votre travail de la semaine. Chaque séance est organisée autour d'une problématique posée par la Grande Guerre et résumée par une simple question. 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A noter que le calendrier ci-dessous est susceptible de modifications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64409849,"asset_id":44066356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52073546,"first_name":"Erwan","last_name":"Le Gall","domain_name":"univ-rennes2","page_name":"ErwanLeGall","display_name":"Erwan Le Gall","profile_url":"https://univ-rennes2.academia.edu/ErwanLeGall?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52073546/14788118/29528984/s65_erwan.le_gall.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":735348,"name":"Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15300009" data-work_id="15300009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15300009/14_18_sur_le_Rossberg_quand_la_Grande_Guerre_s_invite_en_arch%C3%A9ologie_2015_">14-18 sur le Rossberg : quand la Grande Guerre s’invite en archéologie [2015]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Présentation des sondages archéologiques (structures Première Guerre mondiale) réalisés à l'été 2014 sur le massif du Rossberg.<br />Article paru dans le 30e numéro des Amis de Thann, Petite et Grande Histoire.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15300009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="177446c45642c6062190d65cbbf6b049" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38623381,"asset_id":15300009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38623381/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25418600" href="https://unistra.academia.edu/JBOrtlieb">Jean-Baptiste Ortlieb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25418600" type="text/json">{"id":25418600,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Ortlieb","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"JBOrtlieb","display_name":"Jean-Baptiste Ortlieb","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/JBOrtlieb?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25418600/6941668/20148660/s65_jean-baptiste.ortlieb.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15300009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15300009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15300009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15300009", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15300009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15300009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15300009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15300009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I">World War I</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14482" type="text/json">{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="328856" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountain_Archaeology">Mountain Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="328856" type="text/json">{"id":328856,"name":"Mountain Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountain_Archaeology?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="385188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alsace">Alsace</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="385188" type="text/json">{"id":385188,"name":"Alsace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alsace?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropisation">Anthropisation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="647330" type="text/json">{"id":647330,"name":"Anthropisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropisation?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15300009]'), work: {"id":15300009,"title":"14-18 sur le Rossberg : quand la Grande Guerre s’invite en archéologie [2015]","created_at":"2015-08-31T06:17:00.797-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15300009/14_18_sur_le_Rossberg_quand_la_Grande_Guerre_s_invite_en_arch%C3%A9ologie_2015_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_15300009","summary":"Présentation des sondages archéologiques (structures Première Guerre mondiale) réalisés à l'été 2014 sur le massif du Rossberg.\nArticle paru dans le 30e numéro des Amis de Thann, Petite et Grande Histoire.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38623381,"asset_id":15300009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25418600,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Ortlieb","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"JBOrtlieb","display_name":"Jean-Baptiste Ortlieb","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/JBOrtlieb?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25418600/6941668/20148660/s65_jean-baptiste.ortlieb.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":328856,"name":"Mountain Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountain_Archaeology?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":385188,"name":"Alsace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alsace?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":647330,"name":"Anthropisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropisation?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1134841,"name":"Vosges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vosges?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15273405" data-work_id="15273405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15273405/EL_BLOQUEO_ALIADO_DURANTE_LA_PRIMERA_GUERRA_MUNDIAL">EL BLOQUEO ALIADO DURANTE LA PRIMERA GUERRA MUNDIAL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Durante los cuatro años de la Primera Guerra Mundial, los franceses y británicos pusieron en su mira la economía enemiga. Conservando el término tradicional de bloqueo pero interpretándolo de una manera extensiva, los aliados diseñaron... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15273405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Durante los cuatro años de la Primera Guerra Mundial, los franceses y  británicos pusieron en su mira la economía enemiga. Conservando el término tradicional de bloqueo pero interpretándolo de una manera extensiva, los aliados diseñaron un conjunto de medidas que buscaban impedir la llegada de todos los productos a las Potencias Centrales. Bien que hayan reconocido en la época que el término no encajaba para contener las medidas aplicadas, no fue sino progresivamente que se admitió, a título retroactivo, que la política de bloqueo era un programa de guerra económica.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15273405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77a943cc6c0f19e6c56a8bbc2d65966c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38610302,"asset_id":15273405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38610302/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6695543" href="https://ulima.academia.edu/HectorArestegui">Hector Arestegui</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6695543" type="text/json">{"id":6695543,"first_name":"Hector","last_name":"Arestegui","domain_name":"ulima","page_name":"HectorArestegui","display_name":"Hector Arestegui","profile_url":"https://ulima.academia.edu/HectorArestegui?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6695543/2827481/18022899/s65_hector.arestegui.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15273405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15273405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15273405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15273405", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15273405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15273405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15273405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15273405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100919" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Economics_and_War">Politics of Economics and War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100919" type="text/json">{"id":100919,"name":"Politics of Economics and War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Economics_and_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139253" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrality">Neutrality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="139253" type="text/json">{"id":139253,"name":"Neutrality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrality?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="247351" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrality_in_Europe">Neutrality in Europe</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="247351" type="text/json">{"id":247351,"name":"Neutrality in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrality_in_Europe?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15273405]'), work: {"id":15273405,"title":"EL BLOQUEO ALIADO DURANTE LA PRIMERA GUERRA MUNDIAL","created_at":"2015-08-29T16:22:26.471-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15273405/EL_BLOQUEO_ALIADO_DURANTE_LA_PRIMERA_GUERRA_MUNDIAL?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_15273405","summary":"Durante los cuatro años de la Primera Guerra Mundial, los franceses y británicos pusieron en su mira la economía enemiga. Conservando el término tradicional de bloqueo pero interpretándolo de una manera extensiva, los aliados diseñaron un conjunto de medidas que buscaban impedir la llegada de todos los productos a las Potencias Centrales. Bien que hayan reconocido en la época que el término no encajaba para contener las medidas aplicadas, no fue sino progresivamente que se admitió, a título retroactivo, que la política de bloqueo era un programa de guerra económica. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38610302,"asset_id":15273405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6695543,"first_name":"Hector","last_name":"Arestegui","domain_name":"ulima","page_name":"HectorArestegui","display_name":"Hector Arestegui","profile_url":"https://ulima.academia.edu/HectorArestegui?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6695543/2827481/18022899/s65_hector.arestegui.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":100919,"name":"Politics of Economics and War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Economics_and_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":139253,"name":"Neutrality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrality?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":247351,"name":"Neutrality in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrality_in_Europe?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":386484,"name":"Primera Guerra Mundial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primera_Guerra_Mundial?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15040297" data-work_id="15040297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15040297/Celles_qui_n_entrent_pas_dans_la_guerre_quand_les_pacifistes_fran%C3%A7aises_pr%C3%A9parent_la_paix_1915_1920_">Celles qui n’entrent pas dans la guerre : quand les pacifistes françaises préparent la paix (1915- 1920)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">« Il n’y a pas, en ce moment, de plus grand crime que de penser à la Paix, que de vouloir la Paix ». – Madeleine Vernet, 1917 Depuis quelques années, des historiens se sont intéressés au concept de « sortie de guerre » [Horne, 2002... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15040297" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">« Il n’y a pas, en ce moment, de plus grand crime que de penser à la Paix, que de vouloir la Paix  ». – Madeleine Vernet, 1917 <br />  <br />Depuis quelques années, des historiens se sont intéressés au concept de « sortie de guerre » [Horne, 2002 ; Cabane, 2004 ; Audoin-Rouzeau & Prochasson, 2008]. Ils ont montré toute la complexité des processus de démobilisation militaire et culturelle dans les sociétés d’après-guerre où persistent les représentations haineuses forgées durant le conflit [Cabane & Piketti, 2007]. Sortir de la guerre ce n’est donc pas simplement signer l’armistice et retourner à ses activités du temps de paix. Toutefois, pour « sortir de la guerre », il faut d’abord y être entré. Entre 1914 et 1918, la population française adhère massivement au discours de défense de la patrie. L’historiographie a d’ailleurs montré que la guerre n’est plus uniquement l’affaire des hommes : femmes et enfants y participent maintenant activement [Thébaud, 1986 ; Pignot, 2012]. Toutefois, un petit nombre de femmes pacifistes semblent échapper à cette définition. C’est justement à ces femmes qui militent, à leurs risques et périls, pour la paix en temps de guerre que je souhaite m’intéresser dans le cadre de cette conférence.  <br />Pour les pacifistes françaises, la « sortie de guerre » ne correspond pas à celle de la majorité de la population française. En 1919, elles vont à contre-courant de l’opinion générale en parlant de rapprochement franco-allemand alors que la France entière souhaite garder le plus loin possible de soi l’ex-ennemi. Ce discours ne nait toutefois pas de la fin de la guerre. Bien au contraire, il existait déjà pendant le conflit et n’a guère changé depuis la création du Comité de la rue Fondary en 1915. Dans le cadre de cette conférence, je propose donc une nouvelle analyse des temporalités de la guerre. À partir des documents produits par le Comité de la rue Fondary, par Madeleine Vernet et par Marcelle Capy, j’examinerai le discours de ces quelques femmes qui militent pour la paix en temps guerre afin de montrer que qu’elles ne peuvent « sortir de guerre » à la fin du conflit, car elles n’y sont jamais réellement « entrées ». Le discours et les actions d’après-guerre des pacifistes françaises apparaissent plutôt comme une continuité du travail entrepris avant et pendant le conflit. Déjà pendant la guerre, elles posent les premiers jalons du travail pacifiste et réconciliateur qu’elles continueront activement après le conflit : elles veillent au désarmement de la haine en montrant aux mères françaises que leurs souffrances sont également celles des mères allemandes et elles travaillent à l’élimination des causes de la guerre. Malgré les accusations de trahison et de défaitisme, ces femmes continueront à imaginer la paix et à la préparer. En s’intéressant à leurs discours et actions pendant le conflit, cette conférence fait lumière non seulement sur un aspect encore peu connu du mouvement pour la paix pendant la guerre, c’est-à-dire le pacifisme féminin, mais offre également une nouvelle perspective du concept de « sortie de guerre ».</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15040297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2de138c6f3532a75f4463a88335899cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44543348,"asset_id":15040297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44543348/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3472597" href="https://rmc-ca.academia.edu/MarieMich%C3%A8leDoucet">Marie-Michèle Doucet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3472597" type="text/json">{"id":3472597,"first_name":"Marie-Michèle","last_name":"Doucet","domain_name":"rmc-ca","page_name":"MarieMichèleDoucet","display_name":"Marie-Michèle Doucet","profile_url":"https://rmc-ca.academia.edu/MarieMich%C3%A8leDoucet?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3472597/1178359/5500731/s65_marie-mich_le.doucet.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15040297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15040297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15040297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15040297", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15040297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15040297").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15040297").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15040297"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1726" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History">Women's History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1726" type="text/json">{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10443" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacifism">Pacifism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10443" type="text/json">{"id":10443,"name":"Pacifism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacifism?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15040297]'), work: {"id":15040297,"title":"Celles qui n’entrent pas dans la guerre : quand les pacifistes françaises préparent la paix (1915- 1920)","created_at":"2015-08-19T16:39:06.741-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15040297/Celles_qui_n_entrent_pas_dans_la_guerre_quand_les_pacifistes_fran%C3%A7aises_pr%C3%A9parent_la_paix_1915_1920_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_15040297","summary":"« Il n’y a pas, en ce moment, de plus grand crime que de penser à la Paix, que de vouloir la Paix ». – Madeleine Vernet, 1917\r\n \r\nDepuis quelques années, des historiens se sont intéressés au concept de « sortie de guerre » [Horne, 2002 ; Cabane, 2004 ; Audoin-Rouzeau \u0026 Prochasson, 2008]. Ils ont montré toute la complexité des processus de démobilisation militaire et culturelle dans les sociétés d’après-guerre où persistent les représentations haineuses forgées durant le conflit [Cabane \u0026 Piketti, 2007]. Sortir de la guerre ce n’est donc pas simplement signer l’armistice et retourner à ses activités du temps de paix. Toutefois, pour « sortir de la guerre », il faut d’abord y être entré. Entre 1914 et 1918, la population française adhère massivement au discours de défense de la patrie. L’historiographie a d’ailleurs montré que la guerre n’est plus uniquement l’affaire des hommes : femmes et enfants y participent maintenant activement [Thébaud, 1986 ; Pignot, 2012]. Toutefois, un petit nombre de femmes pacifistes semblent échapper à cette définition. C’est justement à ces femmes qui militent, à leurs risques et périls, pour la paix en temps de guerre que je souhaite m’intéresser dans le cadre de cette conférence. \r\nPour les pacifistes françaises, la « sortie de guerre » ne correspond pas à celle de la majorité de la population française. En 1919, elles vont à contre-courant de l’opinion générale en parlant de rapprochement franco-allemand alors que la France entière souhaite garder le plus loin possible de soi l’ex-ennemi. Ce discours ne nait toutefois pas de la fin de la guerre. Bien au contraire, il existait déjà pendant le conflit et n’a guère changé depuis la création du Comité de la rue Fondary en 1915. Dans le cadre de cette conférence, je propose donc une nouvelle analyse des temporalités de la guerre. À partir des documents produits par le Comité de la rue Fondary, par Madeleine Vernet et par Marcelle Capy, j’examinerai le discours de ces quelques femmes qui militent pour la paix en temps guerre afin de montrer que qu’elles ne peuvent « sortir de guerre » à la fin du conflit, car elles n’y sont jamais réellement « entrées ». Le discours et les actions d’après-guerre des pacifistes françaises apparaissent plutôt comme une continuité du travail entrepris avant et pendant le conflit. Déjà pendant la guerre, elles posent les premiers jalons du travail pacifiste et réconciliateur qu’elles continueront activement après le conflit : elles veillent au désarmement de la haine en montrant aux mères françaises que leurs souffrances sont également celles des mères allemandes et elles travaillent à l’élimination des causes de la guerre. Malgré les accusations de trahison et de défaitisme, ces femmes continueront à imaginer la paix et à la préparer. En s’intéressant à leurs discours et actions pendant le conflit, cette conférence fait lumière non seulement sur un aspect encore peu connu du mouvement pour la paix pendant la guerre, c’est-à-dire le pacifisme féminin, mais offre également une nouvelle perspective du concept de « sortie de guerre ». \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44543348,"asset_id":15040297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":39304918,"asset_id":15040297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3472597,"first_name":"Marie-Michèle","last_name":"Doucet","domain_name":"rmc-ca","page_name":"MarieMichèleDoucet","display_name":"Marie-Michèle Doucet","profile_url":"https://rmc-ca.academia.edu/MarieMich%C3%A8leDoucet?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3472597/1178359/5500731/s65_marie-mich_le.doucet.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":10443,"name":"Pacifism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacifism?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=985739"},{"id":45559,"name":"Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace?f_ri=985739"},{"id":297683,"name":"Histoire des femmes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_des_femmes?f_ri=985739"},{"id":613246,"name":"Femmes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Femmes?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42021877" data-work_id="42021877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42021877/_TFE_La_libert%C3%A9_de_d%C3%A9fense_en_p%C3%A9ril_La_mission_de_lavocat_dans_le_contexte_de_la_r%C3%A9pression_de_la_collaboration">(TFE) La liberté de défense en péril - La mission de l'avocat dans le contexte de la répression de la collaboration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Le rôle de l’avocat a évolué au fil des années. Force est de constater que certaines interrogations quant à sa mission principale – la défense – persistent à travers le temps. Peut-on défendre l’homme accusé du pire crime ? Sans tomber... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42021877" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Le rôle de l’avocat a évolué au fil des années. Force est de constater que certaines interrogations quant à sa mission principale – la défense – persistent à travers le temps. Peut-on défendre l’homme accusé du pire crime ?  Sans tomber dans l’anachronisme, l’analyse que nous présentons au terme de notre recherche, basée sur la période de l’après-Deuxième Guerre mondiale, est le fruit d’une réflexion personnelle plus globale autour de la défense de l’indéfendable et de la perception souvent négative, au sein de l’opinion publique, de la profession d'avocat. <br />Ancrée dans le domaine de l’histoire de droit, notre recherche s’est appuyée sur de nombreuses coupures de presse d’époque, d’auteurs de doctrines juridiques et non-juridiques, ainsi que de décisions rendues par le Conseil de l’Ordre du Barreau de Bruxelles au cours de l’année 1944-1945.  <br />Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale subsiste une interrogation : toutes les causes méritent-elles d’être défendues ? La cause de la collaboration est considérée par l'opinion publique comme perdue, voire illégitime. La réflexion autour de cette question appellera les mêmes critiques que celles émises au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. Mais la presse jouera un rôle de modérateur et de passerelle entre l’opinion publique et les avocats alors « méprisés » par celle-ci.<br />S’interroger sur la profession d’avocat n’est pas nouveau. Depuis un certain temps, de nombreux auteurs de doctrine — généralement avocats eux-mêmes — s’attardent sur la déontologie qui encadre l’exercice de cette profession, essayant, autant que faire se peut, de la faire évoluer au fil des années. Si nous avons souhaité, dans le cadre de cette contribution, replacer la mission de l’avocat dans le contexte de la répression de la collaboration, c’est parce que nous célébrons cette année le triste anniversaire des quatre-vingt ans des prémices du second conflit mondial. Si les derniers témoins vivants disparaissent, les archives relatives à cette période deviennent plus en plus accessibles. Selon certains auteurs, s’intéresser à cette période serait, pour ces raisons-là, nécessaire et œuvre d’utilité.  <br />La méthodologie suivie et l’approche scientifique visée ressortissent du mouvement scientifique d’analyse de la « justice transitionnelle » dont les enseignements serviront, nous en sommes persuadés, à mieux comprendre et percevoir… l'importance de la défense dans un moment trouble.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42021877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64ba05e8198a57b8cce02fbb40bf2872" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62147268,"asset_id":42021877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62147268/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="110344992" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/BastienLombaerd">Bastien Lombaerd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="110344992" type="text/json">{"id":110344992,"first_name":"Bastien","last_name":"Lombaerd","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"BastienLombaerd","display_name":"Bastien Lombaerd","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/BastienLombaerd?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42021877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42021877"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42021877, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42021877", }); 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Force est de constater que certaines interrogations quant à sa mission principale – la défense – persistent à travers le temps. Peut-on défendre l’homme accusé du pire crime ? Sans tomber dans l’anachronisme, l’analyse que nous présentons au terme de notre recherche, basée sur la période de l’après-Deuxième Guerre mondiale, est le fruit d’une réflexion personnelle plus globale autour de la défense de l’indéfendable et de la perception souvent négative, au sein de l’opinion publique, de la profession d'avocat. \nAncrée dans le domaine de l’histoire de droit, notre recherche s’est appuyée sur de nombreuses coupures de presse d’époque, d’auteurs de doctrines juridiques et non-juridiques, ainsi que de décisions rendues par le Conseil de l’Ordre du Barreau de Bruxelles au cours de l’année 1944-1945. \nAu lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale subsiste une interrogation : toutes les causes méritent-elles d’être défendues ? La cause de la collaboration est considérée par l'opinion publique comme perdue, voire illégitime. La réflexion autour de cette question appellera les mêmes critiques que celles émises au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. Mais la presse jouera un rôle de modérateur et de passerelle entre l’opinion publique et les avocats alors « méprisés » par celle-ci.\nS’interroger sur la profession d’avocat n’est pas nouveau. Depuis un certain temps, de nombreux auteurs de doctrine — généralement avocats eux-mêmes — s’attardent sur la déontologie qui encadre l’exercice de cette profession, essayant, autant que faire se peut, de la faire évoluer au fil des années. Si nous avons souhaité, dans le cadre de cette contribution, replacer la mission de l’avocat dans le contexte de la répression de la collaboration, c’est parce que nous célébrons cette année le triste anniversaire des quatre-vingt ans des prémices du second conflit mondial. Si les derniers témoins vivants disparaissent, les archives relatives à cette période deviennent plus en plus accessibles. Selon certains auteurs, s’intéresser à cette période serait, pour ces raisons-là, nécessaire et œuvre d’utilité. \nLa méthodologie suivie et l’approche scientifique visée ressortissent du mouvement scientifique d’analyse de la « justice transitionnelle » dont les enseignements serviront, nous en sommes persuadés, à mieux comprendre et percevoir… l'importance de la défense dans un moment trouble. 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En effet, la période juste avant son éclat avait vu un changement radical dans le domaine des arts. Nombreux furent les expressionnistes et les futuristes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20315440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On pourrait bien appeler la Première Guerre mondiale "la guerre des avant-gardes". En effet, la période juste avant son éclat avait vu un changement radical dans le domaine des arts. Nombreux furent les expressionnistes et les futuristes qui partirent et plusieurs entre eux moururent au combat. Grosz, Beckmann et Dix nous ont donné, au niveau international, un véritable reportage des atrocités de la guerre avec ses terres dévastée, ses souffrances, ses blessures. En Italie aussi, après la vision utopique de la "guerre imaginée" par Carrà, Marinetti, Depero, Balla, futuristes et interventionnistes, la confrontation directe avec une tragédie si épouvantable produisit des images dures, impitoyables qui montraient la guerre telle qu'elle est comme dans les dessins et les peintures de Mario Sironi et Giulio Aristide Sartorio, artistes célèbres, mais aussi dans les œuvres de peintres inconnus. En 1915, quand le conflit commença en Italie, l'état exprima sa ferme volonté d'assembler tous les témoignages d'une guerre qui était considérée comme partie intégrale de l'histoire et, surtout, de l'unité politique du Pays. Le peintre-soldat  naquit expressément  pour dessiner tout ce que se trouvé autour de lui en réalisant des croquis et des tableaux qu'on exposait dans toutes les villes italiennes pour les faire participer activement à la guerre même si très loin des lieux du conflit. Les expositions servaient aussi pour rassembler de l'argent pour les familles des morts, pour les orphelins, les mutilés et les invalides. À la fin de la guerre les expositions continuèrent nombreuses pas seulement à Rome mais par tout en Italie et dans les lieux, comme l'Amérique Latine, où les italiens migraient. Aux années '20, le fascisme s’appropia le mythe de la Première Guerre mondiale qui devint un élément fondamental de l’ère de Mussolini. Oubliés les sentiments considérés antipatriotique de douleur et pitié, les soldats tombés au combat furent associés aux morts pour la cause fasciste. Certaines tableaux que Giulio Aristide Sartorio avait réalisé pendant le premier conflit mondial, très dramatiques et contre la guerre, n'étaient pas du tout appréciés par Mussolini qui ne voulait jamais les exposer. Indubitablement c'est à cause de l'identification - effectuée par le régime - de la Première guerre mondiale avec le fascisme que les œuvres, bien que remarquables, des peintres-soldats italiens ont été presque du tout oubliées jusqu'à nos jours où une lecture critique plus détachée est en train de leur donné la juste valeur.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20315440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f373f76879b3cf898c1cdc8df8cb3c52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41274567,"asset_id":20315440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41274567/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8002868" href="https://unina.academia.edu/AdrianaDeAngelis">Adriana De Angelis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8002868" type="text/json">{"id":8002868,"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"De Angelis","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"AdrianaDeAngelis","display_name":"Adriana De Angelis","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/AdrianaDeAngelis?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8002868/6558592/7415525/s65_adriana.de_angelis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20315440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20315440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20315440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20315440", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20315440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20315440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20315440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20315440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts">Visual Arts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26558" type="text/json">{"id":26558,"name":"Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Première Guerre Mondiale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985739" type="text/json">{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20315440]'), work: {"id":20315440,"title":"Les peintres-soldats italiens de la Grande guerre","created_at":"2016-01-16T13:16:31.360-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20315440/Les_peintres_soldats_italiens_de_la_Grande_guerre?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_20315440","summary":"On pourrait bien appeler la Première Guerre mondiale \"la guerre des avant-gardes\". En effet, la période juste avant son éclat avait vu un changement radical dans le domaine des arts. Nombreux furent les expressionnistes et les futuristes qui partirent et plusieurs entre eux moururent au combat. Grosz, Beckmann et Dix nous ont donné, au niveau international, un véritable reportage des atrocités de la guerre avec ses terres dévastée, ses souffrances, ses blessures. En Italie aussi, après la vision utopique de la \"guerre imaginée\" par Carrà, Marinetti, Depero, Balla, futuristes et interventionnistes, la confrontation directe avec une tragédie si épouvantable produisit des images dures, impitoyables qui montraient la guerre telle qu'elle est comme dans les dessins et les peintures de Mario Sironi et Giulio Aristide Sartorio, artistes célèbres, mais aussi dans les œuvres de peintres inconnus. En 1915, quand le conflit commença en Italie, l'état exprima sa ferme volonté d'assembler tous les témoignages d'une guerre qui était considérée comme partie intégrale de l'histoire et, surtout, de l'unité politique du Pays. Le peintre-soldat naquit expressément pour dessiner tout ce que se trouvé autour de lui en réalisant des croquis et des tableaux qu'on exposait dans toutes les villes italiennes pour les faire participer activement à la guerre même si très loin des lieux du conflit. Les expositions servaient aussi pour rassembler de l'argent pour les familles des morts, pour les orphelins, les mutilés et les invalides. À la fin de la guerre les expositions continuèrent nombreuses pas seulement à Rome mais par tout en Italie et dans les lieux, comme l'Amérique Latine, où les italiens migraient. Aux années '20, le fascisme s’appropia le mythe de la Première Guerre mondiale qui devint un élément fondamental de l’ère de Mussolini. Oubliés les sentiments considérés antipatriotique de douleur et pitié, les soldats tombés au combat furent associés aux morts pour la cause fasciste. Certaines tableaux que Giulio Aristide Sartorio avait réalisé pendant le premier conflit mondial, très dramatiques et contre la guerre, n'étaient pas du tout appréciés par Mussolini qui ne voulait jamais les exposer. Indubitablement c'est à cause de l'identification - effectuée par le régime - de la Première guerre mondiale avec le fascisme que les œuvres, bien que remarquables, des peintres-soldats italiens ont été presque du tout oubliées jusqu'à nos jours où une lecture critique plus détachée est en train de leur donné la juste valeur. 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Vie quotidienne du soldat allemand dans la Grande Guerre</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Landolt 2014 : M. LANDOLT, Archéologie du front. Vie quotidienne du soldat allemand dans la Grande Guerre, Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, 2014-3, septembre 2014, p. 14-22.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9227192" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1c94afeec29814e61467f73187bc837" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44119264,"asset_id":9227192,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44119264/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3341144" href="https://culturecommunication-fr.academia.edu/Micha%C3%ABlLandolt">Michaël Landolt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3341144" type="text/json">{"id":3341144,"first_name":"Michaël","last_name":"Landolt","domain_name":"culturecommunication-fr","page_name":"MichaëlLandolt","display_name":"Michaël Landolt","profile_url":"https://culturecommunication-fr.academia.edu/Micha%C3%ABlLandolt?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3341144/1119111/129167752/s65_micha_l.landolt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9227192 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9227192"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9227192, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9227192", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3672283/_La_Frontiera_contesa_I_piani_svizzeri_di_attacco_allItalia_nel_rapporto_segreto_del_colonnello_Arnold_Keller_1870_1918_Bellinzona_Edizioni_Casagrande_2008">«La Frontiera contesa. I piani svizzeri di attacco all'Italia nel rapporto segreto del colonnello Arnold Keller (1870 -1918)». Bellinzona, Edizioni Casagrande, 2008.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La frontiera contesa (1870-1918) ripercorre mezzo secolo di relazioni italo-svizzere dall'Unità d'Italia alla Grande Guerra. Grazie all'uso di una documentazione inedita e a lungo coperta dal segreto di Stato, in particolare la parte... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3672283" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La frontiera contesa (1870-1918) ripercorre mezzo secolo di relazioni italo-svizzere dall'Unità d'Italia alla Grande Guerra. Grazie all'uso di una documentazione inedita e a lungo coperta dal segreto di Stato, in particolare la parte dedicata alla frontiera meridionale della Geografia militare della Svizzera del colonnello Arnold Keller, il volume contribuisce a colmare un vuoto nella storiografia sulla Prima guerra mondiale e sugli avvenimenti che l'hanno preceduta. <br />I due autori, Roberto Sala e Maurizio Binaghi, analizzano i complessi rapporti tra Italia e Svizzera, indagando lo stretto legame che esisteva nei due paesi tra esigenze politiche e necessità militari. Considerate di grande valore strategico da entrambi gli Stati, le zone di confine, al centro di relazioni spesso conflittuali, si sono trovate a giocare un ruolo essenziale in questo difficile scacchiere."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3672283" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7b39b7191b2da1b105d3a03850fff18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":120423934,"asset_id":3672283,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120423934/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3811676" href="https://unifr.academia.edu/MaurizioBinaghi">Maurizio E . 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Considerate di grande valore strategico da entrambi gli Stati, le zone di confine, al centro di relazioni spesso conflittuali, si sono trovate a giocare un ruolo essenziale in questo difficile scacchiere.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":120423934,"asset_id":3672283,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3811676,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Binaghi","domain_name":"unifr","page_name":"MaurizioBinaghi","display_name":"Maurizio E . 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Guerra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerra?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15300203" data-work_id="15300203" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15300203/Le_monument_Aux_Diables_Bleus_du_Grand_Ballon_2014_">Le monument « Aux Diables Bleus » du Grand Ballon [2014]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Article paru dans le 91e numéro des Amis de Soultz, Revue d'Histoire (Numéro spécial Première Guerre mondiale).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15300203" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d700897b19608fa08f51c09607d194c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38623487,"asset_id":15300203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38623487/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Première Guerre Mondiale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985739" type="text/json">{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15300203]'), work: {"id":15300203,"title":"Le monument « Aux Diables Bleus » du Grand Ballon [2014]","created_at":"2015-08-31T06:27:19.561-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15300203/Le_monument_Aux_Diables_Bleus_du_Grand_Ballon_2014_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_15300203","summary":"Article paru dans le 91e numéro des Amis de Soultz, Revue d'Histoire (Numéro spécial Première Guerre mondiale).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38623487,"asset_id":15300203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25418600,"first_name":"Jean-Baptiste","last_name":"Ortlieb","domain_name":"unistra","page_name":"JBOrtlieb","display_name":"Jean-Baptiste Ortlieb","profile_url":"https://unistra.academia.edu/JBOrtlieb?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25418600/6941668/20148660/s65_jean-baptiste.ortlieb.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":385188,"name":"Alsace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alsace?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":647330,"name":"Anthropisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropisation?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1134841,"name":"Vosges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vosges?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5302892" data-work_id="5302892" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5302892/L_affaire_Ferfaille_en_Belgique_libre_27_octobre_1917_26_mars_1918_Exc%C3%A8s_de_la_justice_militaire_laboratoire_de_la_justice_scientifique_ou_instrument_de_l_affirmation_nationale_">L’affaire Ferfaille en « Belgique libre » (27 octobre 1917 - 26 mars 1918) Excès de la justice militaire, laboratoire de la justice scientifique ou instrument de l’affirmation nationale ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5302892" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="045125c9edc571461fa951db625f7cd2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32469885,"asset_id":5302892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32469885/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_De_La_Justice">Histoire De La Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="752186" type="text/json">{"id":752186,"name":"Histoire De La Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_De_La_Justice?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Première Guerre Mondiale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985739" type="text/json">{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5302892]'), work: {"id":5302892,"title":"L’affaire Ferfaille en « Belgique libre » (27 octobre 1917 - 26 mars 1918) Excès de la justice militaire, laboratoire de la justice scientifique ou instrument de l’affirmation nationale ?","created_at":"2013-12-03T03:13:30.366-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5302892/L_affaire_Ferfaille_en_Belgique_libre_27_octobre_1917_26_mars_1918_Exc%C3%A8s_de_la_justice_militaire_laboratoire_de_la_justice_scientifique_ou_instrument_de_l_affirmation_nationale_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_5302892","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32469885,"asset_id":5302892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7306945,"first_name":"BENOIT","last_name":"AMEZ","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"BENOITAMEZ","display_name":"BENOIT AMEZ","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/BENOITAMEZ?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":752186,"name":"Histoire De La Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_De_La_Justice?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28280197" data-work_id="28280197" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28280197/Les_usines_sid%C3%A9rurgiques_de_la_Lorraine_fran%C3%A7aise_pendant_la_Grande_Guerre">Les usines sidérurgiques de la Lorraine française pendant la Grande Guerre</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">À la fin du mois de juillet 1914, avant même la mobilisation générale décrétée en France le 1er août, des incidents militaires se multiplient dans la zone frontalière du nord de la Lorraine. Le 29 juillet des fantassins allemands... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28280197" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">À la fin du mois de juillet 1914, avant même la mobilisation générale décrétée en France le 1er août, des incidents militaires se multiplient dans la zone frontalière du nord de la Lorraine. Le 29 juillet des fantassins allemands pénètrent dans les villes d’Homécourt et de Joeuf. La bataille des frontières commence, quant à elle, début août. À partir du 20 août 1914, la forteresse de Longwy, dont le système de fortification n’est pas adapté à la guerre moderne, est soumise à des bombardements d’artillerie. Elle capitule le 26 août. Fin septembre, après des combats très durs accompagnés d’atrocités  et un recul consécutif à sa défaite à la bataille du Grand Couronné (4-13 septembre), l’armée allemande occupe la moitié septentrionale de la Meurthe-et-Moselle, le tiers de la Meuse et le sixième des Vosges. Dans l’arrondissement de Briey, où en 1913 une grande partie des 72 hauts-fourneaux de Meurthe-et-Moselle produisaient 3,4 millions de tonnes de fonte et 2,4 millions de tonnes d’acier , dès la déclaration de guerre, les mines de fer et les usines sidérurgiques avaient été arrêtées et des combats avaient eu lieu. En octobre 1914, au moment de la stabilisation du front, les sites sidérurgiques sont pourtant en parfait état de fonctionnement. Les Allemands créent alors une administration spéciale pour les usines et l’exploitation minière dans la partie du bassin ferrifère qu’ils occupent et, qui tout en évoluant, reste en place jusqu’à la fin du conflit . Parallèlement, les usines de Lorraine française situées dans la zone contrôlée par la France, s’adaptent à une guerre qui dure.<br />La communication présentée à Maubeuge distingue donc ces deux aires géographiques. En effet, consécutivement à l'occupation du Nord de la Lorraine par les troupes allemandes, les usines demeurées françaises doivent continuer de produire pour compenser, notamment, la perte des installations sidérurgiques de l’arrondissement de Briey et afin de contribuer à l’effort de guerre national. À Neuves-Maisons (12 km au Sud de Nancy), l'ensemble du personnel de l'usine est même cité au Journal Officiel pour son œuvre en faveur de la défense du pays : on y produit des obus. À Pont-à-Mousson (25 km au Nord de Nancy), les établissements industriels, producteurs des célèbres tuyaux et installations liées à l’adduction d’eau, sont gravement touchés par les bombardements allemands. Leur proximité de la ligne de front les empêche de produire et, surtout, y entraîne des destructions importantes, contraignant la direction à créer une nouvelle usine à Belleville (15 km au nord de Nancy) et à en réhabiliter une ancienne située à Foug (30 km à l’Ouest de Nancy). Toutes les deux produisent des obus.<br />Dans les usines sidérurgiques contrôlées par l’occupant, la production a été interrompue . Les Allemands ont procédé au déménagement de tout ce qui pouvait l’être avec, conjointement, la destruction de tout ce qui ne pouvait pas être déplacé. Bien qu’il soit possible de distinguer 2 périodes dans la gestion allemande, celles-ci ont des caractéristiques proches dans la mesure où la seconde, qui débute en 1916, consiste en une aggravation des contraintes établies dans la première. Pour les usines de Longwy et des alentours, les destructions sont organisées à grande échelle par les forces d’occupation : 80 000 tonnes de matériels et d’outillage ont été enlevés à la Société des Aciéries de Longwy pour être utilisés en Allemagne . Les convertisseurs et le matériel de l’aciérie Thomas avaient été installés à Hayange (30 km au Sud-Est de Longwy). L’aciérie Martin avait été démembrée : des pans de cette installation avaient été dispersés à Rombas (38 km au Sud-Est de Longwy), Aix-la-Chapelle, Dortmund et Osnabrück  ! Jusqu’à la fin de la guerre, les Allemands procèdent à la réinstallation des matériels enlevés : à Rombas, au moment de l’armistice, des éléments des laminoirs continus des aciéries de Longwy étaient encore en montage . Le montant total des pertes financières subies par la Société des Aciéries de Longwy s’élève à plus de 300 millions de francs . Dans d’autres usines sidérurgiques de la zone occupée de Meurthe-et-Moselle, les ravages de l’occupation sont semblables à ceux subis par la Société des Aciéries de Longwy. Ainsi, aux usines d’Homécourt (36 km au Sud-Est de Longwy), les destructions sont considérables .<br />De 1914 à 1918, en Lorraine française, quelles sont donc les caractéristiques, d’une part, de l’administration allemande des entreprises sidérurgiques occupées et, d’autre part, du fonctionnement (ou du non-fonctionnement) et de la gestion des usines restées françaises ?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28280197" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be5a2b931278775cd04614932d4da3aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48609003,"asset_id":28280197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48609003/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34390550" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PascalRAGGI">Pascal RAGGI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34390550" type="text/json">{"id":34390550,"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"RAGGI","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PascalRAGGI","display_name":"Pascal RAGGI","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PascalRAGGI?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34390550/10067391/11231214/s65_pascal.raggi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28280197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28280197"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28280197, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28280197", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28280197]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28280197").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28280197").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28280197"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2862" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History">Industrial History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2862" type="text/json">{"id":2862,"name":"Industrial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Première Guerre Mondiale</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="985739" type="text/json">{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2064761" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_industrielle">Histoire industrielle</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2064761" type="text/json">{"id":2064761,"name":"Histoire industrielle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_industrielle?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28280197]'), work: {"id":28280197,"title":"Les usines sidérurgiques de la Lorraine française pendant la Grande Guerre","created_at":"2016-09-06T02:45:49.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28280197/Les_usines_sid%C3%A9rurgiques_de_la_Lorraine_fran%C3%A7aise_pendant_la_Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_28280197","summary":"À la fin du mois de juillet 1914, avant même la mobilisation générale décrétée en France le 1er août, des incidents militaires se multiplient dans la zone frontalière du nord de la Lorraine. Le 29 juillet des fantassins allemands pénètrent dans les villes d’Homécourt et de Joeuf. La bataille des frontières commence, quant à elle, début août. À partir du 20 août 1914, la forteresse de Longwy, dont le système de fortification n’est pas adapté à la guerre moderne, est soumise à des bombardements d’artillerie. Elle capitule le 26 août. Fin septembre, après des combats très durs accompagnés d’atrocités et un recul consécutif à sa défaite à la bataille du Grand Couronné (4-13 septembre), l’armée allemande occupe la moitié septentrionale de la Meurthe-et-Moselle, le tiers de la Meuse et le sixième des Vosges. Dans l’arrondissement de Briey, où en 1913 une grande partie des 72 hauts-fourneaux de Meurthe-et-Moselle produisaient 3,4 millions de tonnes de fonte et 2,4 millions de tonnes d’acier , dès la déclaration de guerre, les mines de fer et les usines sidérurgiques avaient été arrêtées et des combats avaient eu lieu. En octobre 1914, au moment de la stabilisation du front, les sites sidérurgiques sont pourtant en parfait état de fonctionnement. Les Allemands créent alors une administration spéciale pour les usines et l’exploitation minière dans la partie du bassin ferrifère qu’ils occupent et, qui tout en évoluant, reste en place jusqu’à la fin du conflit . Parallèlement, les usines de Lorraine française situées dans la zone contrôlée par la France, s’adaptent à une guerre qui dure.\nLa communication présentée à Maubeuge distingue donc ces deux aires géographiques. En effet, consécutivement à l'occupation du Nord de la Lorraine par les troupes allemandes, les usines demeurées françaises doivent continuer de produire pour compenser, notamment, la perte des installations sidérurgiques de l’arrondissement de Briey et afin de contribuer à l’effort de guerre national. À Neuves-Maisons (12 km au Sud de Nancy), l'ensemble du personnel de l'usine est même cité au Journal Officiel pour son œuvre en faveur de la défense du pays : on y produit des obus. À Pont-à-Mousson (25 km au Nord de Nancy), les établissements industriels, producteurs des célèbres tuyaux et installations liées à l’adduction d’eau, sont gravement touchés par les bombardements allemands. Leur proximité de la ligne de front les empêche de produire et, surtout, y entraîne des destructions importantes, contraignant la direction à créer une nouvelle usine à Belleville (15 km au nord de Nancy) et à en réhabiliter une ancienne située à Foug (30 km à l’Ouest de Nancy). Toutes les deux produisent des obus.\nDans les usines sidérurgiques contrôlées par l’occupant, la production a été interrompue . Les Allemands ont procédé au déménagement de tout ce qui pouvait l’être avec, conjointement, la destruction de tout ce qui ne pouvait pas être déplacé. Bien qu’il soit possible de distinguer 2 périodes dans la gestion allemande, celles-ci ont des caractéristiques proches dans la mesure où la seconde, qui débute en 1916, consiste en une aggravation des contraintes établies dans la première. Pour les usines de Longwy et des alentours, les destructions sont organisées à grande échelle par les forces d’occupation : 80 000 tonnes de matériels et d’outillage ont été enlevés à la Société des Aciéries de Longwy pour être utilisés en Allemagne . Les convertisseurs et le matériel de l’aciérie Thomas avaient été installés à Hayange (30 km au Sud-Est de Longwy). L’aciérie Martin avait été démembrée : des pans de cette installation avaient été dispersés à Rombas (38 km au Sud-Est de Longwy), Aix-la-Chapelle, Dortmund et Osnabrück ! Jusqu’à la fin de la guerre, les Allemands procèdent à la réinstallation des matériels enlevés : à Rombas, au moment de l’armistice, des éléments des laminoirs continus des aciéries de Longwy étaient encore en montage . Le montant total des pertes financières subies par la Société des Aciéries de Longwy s’élève à plus de 300 millions de francs . Dans d’autres usines sidérurgiques de la zone occupée de Meurthe-et-Moselle, les ravages de l’occupation sont semblables à ceux subis par la Société des Aciéries de Longwy. Ainsi, aux usines d’Homécourt (36 km au Sud-Est de Longwy), les destructions sont considérables .\nDe 1914 à 1918, en Lorraine française, quelles sont donc les caractéristiques, d’une part, de l’administration allemande des entreprises sidérurgiques occupées et, d’autre part, du fonctionnement (ou du non-fonctionnement) et de la gestion des usines restées françaises ? \n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48609003,"asset_id":28280197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34390550,"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"RAGGI","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PascalRAGGI","display_name":"Pascal RAGGI","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PascalRAGGI?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34390550/10067391/11231214/s65_pascal.raggi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2862,"name":"Industrial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":2064761,"name":"Histoire industrielle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_industrielle?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37941237" data-work_id="37941237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37941237/Les_immigr%C3%A9s_italiens_en_France_pendant_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale_mobilit%C3%A9s_migrations_et_recompositions">Les immigrés italiens en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale: mobilités, migrations et recompositions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Publié dans Altreitalie Rivista internazionale di studi sulle migrazioni italiane nel mondo International journal of studies on Italian migrations in the world, n°56, 2018</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37941237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37635991" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi">Pierre-Louis Buzzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37635991" type="text/json">{"id":37635991,"first_name":"Pierre-Louis","last_name":"Buzzi","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PierreLouisBuzzi","display_name":"Pierre-Louis Buzzi","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37635991/10608941/27047897/s65_pierre-louis.buzzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37941237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37941237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37941237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37941237", }); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37941237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37941237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37941237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37941237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3843" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration">Immigration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3843" 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emigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/migration_studies_Italian_emigration?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1654051,"name":"centenario della Grande Guerra/Prima Guerra Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/centenario_della_Grande_Guerra_Prima_Guerra_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1739354,"name":"Immigration Italienne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration_Italienne?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27920337" data-work_id="27920337" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27920337/Les_immigr%C3%A9s_italiens_en_Lorraine_fran%C3%A7aise_pendant_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale_1914_1918_Annexes_">Les immigrés italiens en Lorraine française pendant la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) [Annexes]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Annexes du mémoire de master recherche sous la direction de M. Jean-Noël Grandhomme, Université de Strasbourg, 2015, 2 vol., vol. 1 « Étude », 220 p., vol. 2 « Annexes, sources et bibliographie », 82 p.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27920337" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37635991" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi">Pierre-Louis Buzzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37635991" type="text/json">{"id":37635991,"first_name":"Pierre-Louis","last_name":"Buzzi","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"PierreLouisBuzzi","display_name":"Pierre-Louis Buzzi","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/PierreLouisBuzzi?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37635991/10608941/27047897/s65_pierre-louis.buzzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27920337 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27920337"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27920337, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27920337", }); 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Una historia conectada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44572117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="079898957e51d8d8a81fa46c50f3fb8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65028442,"asset_id":44572117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65028442/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71982" href="https://paris3.academia.edu/OlivierCompagnon">Olivier Compagnon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71982" type="text/json">{"id":71982,"first_name":"Olivier","last_name":"Compagnon","domain_name":"paris3","page_name":"OlivierCompagnon","display_name":"Olivier Compagnon","profile_url":"https://paris3.academia.edu/OlivierCompagnon?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71982/19996/134065400/s65_olivier.compagnon.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-44572117">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-44572117"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://conicet-ar.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADaIn%C3%A9sTato">María Inés Tato</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-44572117'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-44572117').html(); 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Les professeurs de droit et la Grande Guerre (1914 -1929)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Les juristes de la « Guerre du Droit » défendent une propagande fondée sur le respect de l’État de droit à un moment où le pouvoir applique un état d’exception qui s’affranchit de la légalité républicaine. Cette compromission conduit la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40249532" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Les juristes de la « Guerre du Droit » défendent une propagande fondée sur le respect de l’État de droit à un moment où le pouvoir applique un état d’exception qui s’affranchit de la légalité républicaine. Cette compromission conduit la doctrine juridique à renouveler ses méthodes en adoptant une attitude de repli fondée sur la technique et caractérisé par une réaction conservatrice. <br /> <br />Les engagements et les écrits des professeurs de droit pendant la période 1914-1929 permettent de saisir cette évolution des discours juridiques en fonction du contexte spécifique de totalisation guerrière. <br /> <br />L’étude quantitative des parcours de guerre de plus d’une centaine de juristes universitaires dévoile l’ampleur de la mobilisation militaire et intellectuelle. L’analyse critique des discours juridiques après-guerre révèle les enjeux scientifiques des transformations du droit et les tensions politiques d’un milieu corporatiste de plus en plus fermé. <br /> <br />Alors qu’à la veille du centenaire, la Première Guerre mondiale pouvait encore être considérée comme une parenthèse dans l’évolution des doctrines juridiques, désormais, grâce à la profusion d’écrits qu’a suscité cette période, les historiens de la pensée juridique la regarde majoritairement comme l’évènement fondateur d’une culture juridique française.  <br /> <br />S’inscrivant résolument dans ce revirement historiographique, cette thèse apporte des éléments essentiels pour caractériser cette culture qui n’a cessé d’influencer les savoirs juridiques.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40249532" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7a0a85836abf4a74edb57289ba9e57a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60482691,"asset_id":40249532,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60482691/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7367248" href="https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/AntoineSene">Antoine Sené</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7367248" type="text/json">{"id":7367248,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Sené","domain_name":"univ-bordeaux","page_name":"AntoineSene","display_name":"Antoine Sené","profile_url":"https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/AntoineSene?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7367248/4941243/29204272/s65_antoine.sen_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40249532 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40249532"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40249532, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40249532", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40249532]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40249532").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40249532").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40249532"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_des_idees_et_de_la_pensee">Histoire des idées et de la pensée</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42108" type="text/json">{"id":42108,"name":"Histoire des idées et de la pensée","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_des_idees_et_de_la_pensee?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="166694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_du_droit">Histoire du droit</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="166694" type="text/json">{"id":166694,"name":"Histoire du droit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_du_droit?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="181147" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_pens%C3%A9e_juridique">Histoire de la pensée juridique</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="181147" type="text/json">{"id":181147,"name":"Histoire de la pensée juridique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_pens%C3%A9e_juridique?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="773245" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Juridique">Doctrine Juridique</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="773245" type="text/json">{"id":773245,"name":"Doctrine Juridique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Juridique?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40249532]'), work: {"id":40249532,"title":"Dans les tranchées du droit. Les professeurs de droit et la Grande Guerre (1914 -1929)","created_at":"2019-09-04T01:53:07.318-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40249532/Dans_les_tranch%C3%A9es_du_droit_Les_professeurs_de_droit_et_la_Grande_Guerre_1914_1929_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_40249532","summary":"Les juristes de la « Guerre du Droit » défendent une propagande fondée sur le respect de l’État de droit à un moment où le pouvoir applique un état d’exception qui s’affranchit de la légalité républicaine. Cette compromission conduit la doctrine juridique à renouveler ses méthodes en adoptant une attitude de repli fondée sur la technique et caractérisé par une réaction conservatrice. \r\n\r\nLes engagements et les écrits des professeurs de droit pendant la période 1914-1929 permettent de saisir cette évolution des discours juridiques en fonction du contexte spécifique de totalisation guerrière. \r\n\r\nL’étude quantitative des parcours de guerre de plus d’une centaine de juristes universitaires dévoile l’ampleur de la mobilisation militaire et intellectuelle. L’analyse critique des discours juridiques après-guerre révèle les enjeux scientifiques des transformations du droit et les tensions politiques d’un milieu corporatiste de plus en plus fermé. \r\n\r\nAlors qu’à la veille du centenaire, la Première Guerre mondiale pouvait encore être considérée comme une parenthèse dans l’évolution des doctrines juridiques, désormais, grâce à la profusion d’écrits qu’a suscité cette période, les historiens de la pensée juridique la regarde majoritairement comme l’évènement fondateur d’une culture juridique française. \r\n\r\nS’inscrivant résolument dans ce revirement historiographique, cette thèse apporte des éléments essentiels pour caractériser cette culture qui n’a cessé d’influencer les savoirs juridiques.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60482691,"asset_id":40249532,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7367248,"first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Sené","domain_name":"univ-bordeaux","page_name":"AntoineSene","display_name":"Antoine Sené","profile_url":"https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/AntoineSene?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7367248/4941243/29204272/s65_antoine.sen_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42108,"name":"Histoire des idées et de la pensée","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_des_idees_et_de_la_pensee?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":166694,"name":"Histoire du droit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_du_droit?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":181147,"name":"Histoire de la pensée juridique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_pens%C3%A9e_juridique?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":773245,"name":"Doctrine Juridique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_Juridique?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1608295,"name":"Histoire des facultés de droit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_des_facultes_de_droit?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37256977" data-work_id="37256977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37256977/Lindustrie_textiLe_du_Nord_sous_Loccupation_1914_1918_une_industrie_presque_inactive_">L'industrie textiLe du Nord sous L'occupation, 1914-1918 : une industrie (presque) inactive ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Avec un tiers des broches de filature de coton de France, plus de la moitié de celles de laine cardée et la presque totalité du matériel de laine peignée et de l'industrie linière, le département du Nord incarne la première région... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37256977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Avec un tiers des broches de filature de coton de France, plus de la moitié de celles de laine cardée et la presque totalité du matériel de laine peignée et de l'industrie linière, le département du Nord incarne la première région industrielle de France. Son occupation par les troupes allemandes pendant plus de quatre ans constitue une catastrophe industrielle importante. C'est sur ce point que les contemporains de l'après-guerre et l'historiographie ont mis l'accent : destruction de matériel, saisie de stocks importants de matières premières et de produits finis ; appauvrissement des populations, pénuries, chômage et travail forcé. Toutefois, cette vision ne prend en compte ni la moindre activité industrielle, même réduite à sa plus faible expression, ni les arrangements qui ont pu survenir au cours du conflit entre occupants et occupés. Lors du colloque tenu à Maubeuge en novembre 2014, nous avions évoqué l'affaire des sacs de terre qui éclate au printemps-été 1915 1. Or, si un véritable mouvement de refus de participer à la production a lieu, le non-consentement n'a pas semblé aller de soi. D'où cette interrogation poussée aux filatures et tissages de laine et de coton : y at -il eu totale inactivité et dans quelle mesure ont-ils « composé » avec les conditions de l'occupation ?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37256977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="669e245413dffd966e0819511adc2a5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57209806,"asset_id":37256977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57209806/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36355346" href="https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/SimonVacheron">Simon Vacheron</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36355346" type="text/json">{"id":36355346,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Vacheron","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"SimonVacheron","display_name":"Simon Vacheron","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/SimonVacheron?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36355346/10645203/11883487/s65_simon.vacheron.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37256977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37256977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37256977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37256977", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37256977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37256977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37256977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37256977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2320" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles">Textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2320" type="text/json">{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History">Business History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3479" type="text/json">{"id":3479,"name":"Business History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5256" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles">History of Textiles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5256" type="text/json">{"id":5256,"name":"History of Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37256977]'), work: {"id":37256977,"title":"L'industrie textiLe du Nord sous L'occupation, 1914-1918 : une industrie (presque) inactive ?","created_at":"2018-08-18T08:57:48.580-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37256977/Lindustrie_textiLe_du_Nord_sous_Loccupation_1914_1918_une_industrie_presque_inactive_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_37256977","summary":"Avec un tiers des broches de filature de coton de France, plus de la moitié de celles de laine cardée et la presque totalité du matériel de laine peignée et de l'industrie linière, le département du Nord incarne la première région industrielle de France. Son occupation par les troupes allemandes pendant plus de quatre ans constitue une catastrophe industrielle importante. C'est sur ce point que les contemporains de l'après-guerre et l'historiographie ont mis l'accent : destruction de matériel, saisie de stocks importants de matières premières et de produits finis ; appauvrissement des populations, pénuries, chômage et travail forcé. Toutefois, cette vision ne prend en compte ni la moindre activité industrielle, même réduite à sa plus faible expression, ni les arrangements qui ont pu survenir au cours du conflit entre occupants et occupés. Lors du colloque tenu à Maubeuge en novembre 2014, nous avions évoqué l'affaire des sacs de terre qui éclate au printemps-été 1915 1. Or, si un véritable mouvement de refus de participer à la production a lieu, le non-consentement n'a pas semblé aller de soi. D'où cette interrogation poussée aux filatures et tissages de laine et de coton : y at -il eu totale inactivité et dans quelle mesure ont-ils « composé » avec les conditions de l'occupation ?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57209806,"asset_id":37256977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36355346,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Vacheron","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"SimonVacheron","display_name":"Simon Vacheron","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/SimonVacheron?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36355346/10645203/11883487/s65_simon.vacheron.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":3479,"name":"Business History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":5256,"name":"History of Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Textiles?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":13117,"name":"20th century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_century_France?f_ri=985739"},{"id":14482,"name":"World War I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_War_I?f_ri=985739"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":29431,"name":"Occupation of Northern France (First World War)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupation_of_Northern_France_First_World_War_?f_ri=985739"},{"id":145129,"name":"Textile industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_industry?f_ri=985739"},{"id":573662,"name":"20th-Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th-Century_France?f_ri=985739"},{"id":735348,"name":"Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":865321,"name":"Histoire économique et sociale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_economique_et_sociale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1453248,"name":"Entre-deux-guerres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entre-deux-guerres?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30870028" data-work_id="30870028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30870028/Tommaso_di_Carpegna_Falconieri_Giorgio_Lombardi_Celenza_carissima_I_soldati_della_guerra_1915_1918_nelle_lettere_al_principe_di_Carpegna_Urbania_Arti_grafiche_Stibu_Editore_2015_pp_216_Isbn_9788890952852_lintero_libro_the_whole_book_">Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri - Giorgio Lombardi, Celenza carissima. I soldati della guerra 1915-1918 nelle lettere al principe di Carpegna, Urbania, Arti grafiche Stibu Editore, 2015, pp. 216. Isbn: 9788890952852 [l'intero libro - the whole book]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La guerra [1915][1916][1917][1918] ha sconvolto nel profondo le nazioni belligeranti: ha determinato cadute di imperi, mutato i confini, creato nuove entità nazionali, prodotto rilevanti effetti socio-economici. Ma la considerazione che... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30870028" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La guerra [1915][1916][1917][1918] ha sconvolto nel profondo le nazioni belligeranti: ha determinato cadute di imperi, mutato i confini, creato nuove entità nazionali, prodotto rilevanti effetti socio-economici. Ma la considerazione che più prende è la perdita gigantesca di vite umane. A soffrirne maggiormente è stato il nostro continente, che oggi gode -contrariamente ad aree a noi vicine, in cui scoppiano ad intervalli devastanti conflitti -di una pace duratura, grazie a processi evolutivi concepiti da illuminate personalità politiche europee del secondo dopoguerra. E ci si è tanto abituati a una condizione di sicurezza che potrebbe rivelarsi per noi difficile -immersi come siamo in questa realtà e in godimento di un sostanziale benessere -comprendere appieno, nelle visite ai campi di battaglia fatte spesso per sola curiosità, la dura vita dei soldati al fronte. Difficile, perché non abbiamo la forma mentale giusta. Difficile, perché su quei luoghi ci rechiamo in tranquillità, senza dover temere gli scontri, i bombardamenti, avere le carni incise dal ferro.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30870028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87f37206938b6b5b327800a1c7d5ee49" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51296502,"asset_id":30870028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51296502/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="457995" href="https://uniurb.academia.edu/TommasodiCarpegnaFalconieri">Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="457995" type="text/json">{"id":457995,"first_name":"Tommaso","last_name":"di Carpegna Falconieri","domain_name":"uniurb","page_name":"TommasodiCarpegnaFalconieri","display_name":"Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri","profile_url":"https://uniurb.academia.edu/TommasodiCarpegnaFalconieri?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/457995/150416/70735945/s65_tommaso.di_carpegna_falconieri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30870028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30870028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30870028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30870028", }); 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I soldati della guerra 1915-1918 nelle lettere al principe di Carpegna, Urbania, Arti grafiche Stibu Editore, 2015, pp. 216. Isbn: 9788890952852 [l'intero libro - the whole book]","created_at":"2017-01-11T00:39:17.670-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30870028/Tommaso_di_Carpegna_Falconieri_Giorgio_Lombardi_Celenza_carissima_I_soldati_della_guerra_1915_1918_nelle_lettere_al_principe_di_Carpegna_Urbania_Arti_grafiche_Stibu_Editore_2015_pp_216_Isbn_9788890952852_lintero_libro_the_whole_book_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_30870028","summary":"La guerra [1915][1916][1917][1918] ha sconvolto nel profondo le nazioni belligeranti: ha determinato cadute di imperi, mutato i confini, creato nuove entità nazionali, prodotto rilevanti effetti socio-economici. Ma la considerazione che più prende è la perdita gigantesca di vite umane. A soffrirne maggiormente è stato il nostro continente, che oggi gode -contrariamente ad aree a noi vicine, in cui scoppiano ad intervalli devastanti conflitti -di una pace duratura, grazie a processi evolutivi concepiti da illuminate personalità politiche europee del secondo dopoguerra. E ci si è tanto abituati a una condizione di sicurezza che potrebbe rivelarsi per noi difficile -immersi come siamo in questa realtà e in godimento di un sostanziale benessere -comprendere appieno, nelle visite ai campi di battaglia fatte spesso per sola curiosità, la dura vita dei soldati al fronte. Difficile, perché non abbiamo la forma mentale giusta. Difficile, perché su quei luoghi ci rechiamo in tranquillità, senza dover temere gli scontri, i bombardamenti, avere le carni incise dal ferro.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51296502,"asset_id":30870028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":457995,"first_name":"Tommaso","last_name":"di Carpegna Falconieri","domain_name":"uniurb","page_name":"TommasodiCarpegnaFalconieri","display_name":"Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri","profile_url":"https://uniurb.academia.edu/TommasodiCarpegnaFalconieri?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/457995/150416/70735945/s65_tommaso.di_carpegna_falconieri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1744,"name":"Italian (European History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_European_History_?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":3516,"name":"Contemporary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":13296,"name":"Experience of WW1 for artists and intellectuals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experience_of_WW1_for_artists_and_intellectuals?f_ri=985739"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":54478,"name":"Aristocracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristocracy?f_ri=985739"},{"id":100309,"name":"Storia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia?f_ri=985739"},{"id":125540,"name":"Cultural History of the First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History_of_the_First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":215654,"name":"History of The Marches (Italy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_The_Marches_Italy_?f_ri=985739"},{"id":285955,"name":"Great War 1914-18","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War_1914-18?f_ri=985739"},{"id":321404,"name":"Aristocrazia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristocrazia?f_ri=985739"},{"id":424185,"name":"Storia Contemporanea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Contemporanea?f_ri=985739"},{"id":434548,"name":"Prima Guerra Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prima_Guerra_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":735348,"name":"Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":787565,"name":"Grande Guerra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerra?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1113223,"name":"Erster Weltkrieg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erster_Weltkrieg?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1425059,"name":"Storia Culturale Del 900","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Culturale_Del_900?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1846475,"name":"ww1 - Italian front","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ww1_-_Italian_front?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9669016" data-work_id="9669016" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9669016/Ces_soldats_qui_d%C3%A9sob%C3%A9issent_Comportements_et_motifs_de_d%C3%A9sertion_des_militaires_belges_condamn%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_mort_durant_la_Grande_Guerre">Ces soldats qui désobéissent. Comportements et motifs de désertion des militaires belges condamnés à mort durant la Grande Guerre</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9669016" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69ce14304a94a0e605c373b3bcad65ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35864785,"asset_id":9669016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35864785/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7306945" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/BENOITAMEZ">BENOIT AMEZ</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7306945" type="text/json">{"id":7306945,"first_name":"BENOIT","last_name":"AMEZ","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"BENOITAMEZ","display_name":"BENOIT AMEZ","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/BENOITAMEZ?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9669016 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9669016"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9669016, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9669016", }); 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Ecrite en 1953, elle porte encore les stigmates de la Première Guerre mondiale à laquelle Giono a participé et engage les hommes, en... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40288144" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L’Homme qui plantait des arbres de Jean Giono est une nouvelle aux accents écologiques et pacifistes. Ecrite en 1953, elle porte encore les stigmates de la Première Guerre mondiale à laquelle Giono a participé et engage les hommes, en prenant le contrepied de la violence et de la barbarie, à préserver le monde où ils sont nés plutôt qu’à le détruire. L’énorme succès qui a suivi sa publication a permis de nombreuses adaptations tel le film d’animation intitulé également « L’Homme qui plantait des arbres », réalisé par l’illustrateur canadien Frédéric Back en 1987. En Italie, en 2003, un groupe musical de la scène indépendante a écrit une chanson, L’uomo che piantava gli alberi qui a largement contribué à diffuser le message pacifiste de Giono en direction des nouvelles générations et qui a été suivi par des spectacles théâtraux et des projets pour les écoles. Cet article a pour objet d’envisager comment le message de Giono a été adapté niveau international pour promouvoir des valeurs humanistes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40288144" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2b4ce1da55cb2776f8d32c01d8f0288" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60526123,"asset_id":40288144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60526123/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14645759" href="https://cearc.academia.edu/GiovanniPietroVitali">Giovanni Pietro Vitali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14645759" type="text/json">{"id":14645759,"first_name":"Giovanni Pietro","last_name":"Vitali","domain_name":"cearc","page_name":"GiovanniPietroVitali","display_name":"Giovanni Pietro Vitali","profile_url":"https://cearc.academia.edu/GiovanniPietroVitali?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14645759/3985163/20635079/s65_giovanni_pietro.vitali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40288144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40288144"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40288144, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40288144", }); 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Ecrite en 1953, elle porte encore les stigmates de la Première Guerre mondiale à laquelle Giono a participé et engage les hommes, en prenant le contrepied de la violence et de la barbarie, à préserver le monde où ils sont nés plutôt qu’à le détruire. L’énorme succès qui a suivi sa publication a permis de nombreuses adaptations tel le film d’animation intitulé également « L’Homme qui plantait des arbres », réalisé par l’illustrateur canadien Frédéric Back en 1987. En Italie, en 2003, un groupe musical de la scène indépendante a écrit une chanson, L’uomo che piantava gli alberi qui a largement contribué à diffuser le message pacifiste de Giono en direction des nouvelles générations et qui a été suivi par des spectacles théâtraux et des projets pour les écoles. Cet article a pour objet d’envisager comment le message de Giono a été adapté niveau international pour promouvoir des valeurs humanistes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60526123,"asset_id":40288144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14645759,"first_name":"Giovanni Pietro","last_name":"Vitali","domain_name":"cearc","page_name":"GiovanniPietroVitali","display_name":"Giovanni Pietro Vitali","profile_url":"https://cearc.academia.edu/GiovanniPietroVitali?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14645759/3985163/20635079/s65_giovanni_pietro.vitali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":38959,"name":"Jean Giono","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Giono?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":40874,"name":"Etudes culturelles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etudes_culturelles?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":106154,"name":"Littérature Française","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litt%C3%A9rature_Fran%C3%A7aise?f_ri=985739"},{"id":158294,"name":"Littérature Comparée","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litt%C3%A9rature_Compar%C3%A9e?f_ri=985739"},{"id":163084,"name":"Giuseppe Ungaretti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giuseppe_Ungaretti?f_ri=985739"},{"id":183587,"name":"Musique populaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musique_populaire?f_ri=985739"},{"id":434548,"name":"Prima Guerra Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prima_Guerra_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1297030,"name":"Questions De Réception En Littérature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questions_De_Reception_En_Litterature?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20798807" data-work_id="20798807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20798807/Christine_Cohez_Beno%C3%AEt_Louvet_Parcours_de_poilus_Les_soldats_de_Roquetoire_pendant_la_Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale">Christine Cohez, Benoît Louvet, Parcours de poilus. Les soldats de Roquetoire pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20798807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bdeb3128ef81fd819c84c867a6146234" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41567808,"asset_id":20798807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41567808/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18471704" href="https://univ-lille.academia.edu/ThorelFlorent">Thorel Florent</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18471704" type="text/json">{"id":18471704,"first_name":"Thorel","last_name":"Florent","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"ThorelFlorent","display_name":"Thorel Florent","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/ThorelFlorent?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18471704/13338226/14580786/s65_thorel.florent.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20798807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20798807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20798807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20798807", }); 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The First World War and the Reforging of Europe (2017).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Recension de Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski, Quincy Cloet, Alex Downdall (dir.), Breaking Empire, Making Nations ? The First World War and the Reforging of Europe, Varsovie, College of Europe, Natolin Campus, 2017, 319 p.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38214147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5387c0c7e81d36b1d974b1b669d96dc7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58253219,"asset_id":38214147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58253219/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61084604" href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/NicolasPatin">Nicolas Patin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61084604" type="text/json">{"id":61084604,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Patin","domain_name":"u-bordeaux3","page_name":"NicolasPatin","display_name":"Nicolas Patin","profile_url":"https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/NicolasPatin?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61084604/19427382/19347135/s65_nicolas.patin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38214147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38214147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38214147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38214147", }); 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Cette compilation a une structure particulière : la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_761804" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Comme tous les numéros hors série de Marginalia, cette sixième compilation n'a d'autre ambition que d'être une bibliographie de base, multinlingue, des écrits sur le film de guerre. Cette compilation a une structure particulière : la première partie recense les ouvrages qui traitent du film de guerre en général, ou de plusieurs conflits tels que montrés à l'écran. Les parties suivantes recensent les ouvrages portant sur des guerres spécifiques, de la guerre de Troie, aux guerres futuristes, en passant par les guerres mondiales, le Vietnam, la Corée, etc. Ces conflits sont abordés par ordre chronologique. Cette bibliographie ne recense ni les thèses inédites ni les articles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/761804" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26fb411548e00f9baa9a5f8dfb8fd6fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4427730,"asset_id":761804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4427730/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="548038" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NorbertSpehner">Norbert Spehner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="548038" type="text/json">{"id":548038,"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Spehner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NorbertSpehner","display_name":"Norbert Spehner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NorbertSpehner?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/548038/197545/230279/s65_norbert.spehner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_761804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="761804"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 761804, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_761804", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=761804]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_761804").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_761804").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="761804"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171965" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cin%C3%A9ma">Cinéma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="171965" type="text/json">{"id":171965,"name":"Cinéma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cin%C3%A9ma?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195870" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="195870" type="text/json">{"id":195870,"name":"Seconde Guerre mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="315615" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_movies">War movies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="315615" type="text/json">{"id":315615,"name":"War movies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_movies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="654995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GUERRE">GUERRE</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="654995" type="text/json">{"id":654995,"name":"GUERRE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GUERRE?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=761804]'), work: {"id":761804,"title":"War Films/Films de guerre","created_at":"2011-07-20T01:16:49.479-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/761804/War_Films_Films_de_guerre?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_761804","summary":"Comme tous les numéros hors série de Marginalia, cette sixième compilation n'a d'autre ambition que d'être une bibliographie de base, multinlingue, des écrits sur le film de guerre. Cette compilation a une structure particulière : la première partie recense les ouvrages qui traitent du film de guerre en général, ou de plusieurs conflits tels que montrés à l'écran. Les parties suivantes recensent les ouvrages portant sur des guerres spécifiques, de la guerre de Troie, aux guerres futuristes, en passant par les guerres mondiales, le Vietnam, la Corée, etc. Ces conflits sont abordés par ordre chronologique. 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World War 1. World War II","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vietnam._World_War_1._World_War_II?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985737,"name":"Films De Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Films_De_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9542029" data-work_id="9542029" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9542029/Histoire_de_la_Gauche_Communiste">Histoire de la Gauche Communiste</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dans ce travail, nous voulons suivre la ligne de la formation du parti politique de la classe prolétarienne et de son influence sur les événements, tout au long d’une période assez longue pour pouvoir établir une comparaison utile entre... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9542029" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dans ce travail, nous voulons suivre la ligne de la formation du parti politique de la classe prolétarienne et de son influence sur les événements, tout au long d’une période assez longue pour pouvoir établir une comparaison utile entre l’orientation que le parti se donnait et les événements successifs, en tirant les enseignements des vicissitudes et des crises mêmes du parti dans ses rapports avec toute la société dans laquelle il se meut.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12666412" href="https://independent.academia.edu/n1magazine">n+1 Magazine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12666412" type="text/json">{"id":12666412,"first_name":"n+1","last_name":"Magazine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"n1magazine","display_name":"n+1 Magazine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/n1magazine?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12666412/4835563/5565695/s65_n_1.review.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9542029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9542029"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9542029]'), work: {"id":9542029,"title":"Histoire de la Gauche Communiste","created_at":"2014-11-28T07:41:09.079-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9542029/Histoire_de_la_Gauche_Communiste?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_9542029","summary":"Dans ce travail, nous voulons suivre la ligne de la formation du parti politique de la classe prolétarienne et de son influence sur les événements, tout au long d’une période assez longue pour pouvoir établir une comparaison utile entre l’orientation que le parti se donnait et les événements successifs, en tirant les enseignements des vicissitudes et des crises mêmes du parti dans ses rapports avec toute la société dans laquelle il se meut.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35762876,"asset_id":9542029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12666412,"first_name":"n+1","last_name":"Magazine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"n1magazine","display_name":"n+1 Magazine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/n1magazine?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12666412/4835563/5565695/s65_n_1.review.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=985739"},{"id":4487,"name":"Revolutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutions?f_ri=985739"},{"id":5781,"name":"Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fascism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=985739"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=985739"},{"id":59779,"name":"History of Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":68399,"name":"Philosophie politique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophie_politique?f_ri=985739"},{"id":92251,"name":"Sciences Politiques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciences_Politiques?f_ri=985739"},{"id":104797,"name":"Histoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire?f_ri=985739"},{"id":114436,"name":"Communist International","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communist_International?f_ri=985739"},{"id":195870,"name":"Seconde Guerre mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":383908,"name":"Left Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Communism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":451748,"name":"Science Politique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Politique?f_ri=985739"},{"id":509396,"name":"Gauche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gauche?f_ri=985739"},{"id":838918,"name":"Communisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communisme?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1219770,"name":"Socialisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialisme?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1456660,"name":"Amadeo Bordiga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amadeo_Bordiga?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43293127" data-work_id="43293127" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43293127/_Pour_la_patrie_par_le_livre_et_par_l%C3%A9p%C3%A9e_Les_Bretons_la_nation_et_la_guerre_1871_1914_">"Pour la patrie, par le livre et par l'épée". Les Bretons, la nation et la guerre (1871-1914)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Saisir comment l'apprentissage des idéaux républicains, de l’idée nationale, s’inscrit chaque jour dans la vie des Bretons ; de quelle manière la République a véritablement ancré le sentiment national dans la population en lui inculquant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43293127" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Saisir comment l'apprentissage des idéaux républicains, de l’idée nationale, s’inscrit chaque jour dans la vie des Bretons ; de quelle manière la République a véritablement ancré le sentiment national dans la population en lui inculquant ses valeurs et ses rites ; de quel poids enfin ces derniers pèsent dans l’évolution des mentalités et dans le degré d’adhésion des Bretons à la nation, au point de forger son « non-conscient collectif » (Philippe Ariès), au point de se sacrifier pour elle. <br />1- Axes de recherches <br />2- Comment s'est forgé le sentiments national en Bretagne. Idéologies, pratiques et ralliements. 1870-1914 <br />A/ Des mots : l'idée nationale passe par un discours républicain intégrateur <br />B/ Et des actes : les vitrines de la République, ou quand le sentiment national se met en scène <br />3- Aux marges de l'idéologie républicaine : l'intégration à la nation quand même <br />A/ "Le jour où la patrie sera en danger, nous, les prolétaires, nous marcherons les premiers" <br />B/ "Le culte du drapeau ne peut être séparé de celui de la religion" <br />C/ "Nous voulons être Français et parler breton"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43293127" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="468fbe149bc970ca5d5cc7016488562d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63570079,"asset_id":43293127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63570079/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67732057" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MOUGENETPatrick1">MOUGENET Patrick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67732057" type="text/json">{"id":67732057,"first_name":"MOUGENET","last_name":"Patrick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MOUGENETPatrick1","display_name":"MOUGENET Patrick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MOUGENETPatrick1?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67732057/20357484/20041812/s65_mougenet.patrick.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43293127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43293127"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43293127, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43293127", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43293127]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43293127").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43293127").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43293127"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies">War Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3872" type="text/json">{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War">Great War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8339" type="text/json">{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43293127]'), work: {"id":43293127,"title":"\"Pour la patrie, par le livre et par l'épée\". Les Bretons, la nation et la guerre (1871-1914)","created_at":"2020-06-08T22:07:58.960-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43293127/_Pour_la_patrie_par_le_livre_et_par_l%C3%A9p%C3%A9e_Les_Bretons_la_nation_et_la_guerre_1871_1914_?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_43293127","summary":"Saisir comment l'apprentissage des idéaux républicains, de l’idée nationale, s’inscrit chaque jour dans la vie des Bretons ; de quelle manière la République a véritablement ancré le sentiment national dans la population en lui inculquant ses valeurs et ses rites ; de quel poids enfin ces derniers pèsent dans l’évolution des mentalités et dans le degré d’adhésion des Bretons à la nation, au point de forger son « non-conscient collectif » (Philippe Ariès), au point de se sacrifier pour elle.\r\n1- Axes de recherches\r\n2- Comment s'est forgé le sentiments national en Bretagne. Idéologies, pratiques et ralliements. 1870-1914\r\nA/ Des mots : l'idée nationale passe par un discours républicain intégrateur\r\nB/ Et des actes : les vitrines de la République, ou quand le sentiment national se met en scène\r\n3- Aux marges de l'idéologie républicaine : l'intégration à la nation quand même\r\nA/ \"Le jour où la patrie sera en danger, nous, les prolétaires, nous marcherons les premiers\"\r\nB/ \"Le culte du drapeau ne peut être séparé de celui de la religion\"\r\nC/ \"Nous voulons être Français et parler breton\"\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63570079,"asset_id":43293127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67732057,"first_name":"MOUGENET","last_name":"Patrick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MOUGENETPatrick1","display_name":"MOUGENET Patrick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MOUGENETPatrick1?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67732057/20357484/20041812/s65_mougenet.patrick.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":8339,"name":"Great War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_War?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":28147,"name":"Nations and nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nations_and_nationalism?f_ri=985739"},{"id":125540,"name":"Cultural History of the First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History_of_the_First_World_War?f_ri=985739"},{"id":225454,"name":"Bretagne","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bretagne?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39935746" data-work_id="39935746" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39935746/_2017_Brenot_J_Blondeau_R_L%C3%A9ty_C_Z%C3%A9lie_B_Servon_Melzicourt_51_Bois_de_la_Gruerie_le_Bonnet_de_Coton_secteur_Z_Haubitzw%C3%A4ldchen_Abschnitt_H_Approche_g%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9ologique_de_la_Grande_Guerre_Modalit%C3%A9s_dimplantation_denfouissement_et_de_conservation_des_premi%C3%A8res_lignes_en_Argonne">(2017) Brenot J., Blondeau R., Léty C., Zélie B. Servon-Melzicourt (51), Bois de la Gruerie, « le Bonnet de Coton (secteur Z), Haubitzwäldchen (Abschnitt H) ». Approche géoarchéologique de la Grande Guerre : Modalités d'implantation, d'enfouissement et de conservation des premières lignes en Argonne</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Une opération de sondages géo-archéologiques et de fouille archéologique a été menée sur un petit secteur de la ligne de front en Argonne (Marne) afin de déterminer les modalités d'implantation, d'enfouissement et de conservation des... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39935746" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Une opération de sondages géo-archéologiques et de fouille archéologique a été menée sur un petit secteur de la ligne de front en Argonne (Marne) afin de déterminer les modalités d'implantation, d'enfouissement et de conservation des structures de tranchées de la première guerre mondiale. Les vestiges sont fossilisés sous un épais couvert végétal et ont été étudiés au moyen de sondages ciblés sur les premières lignes, les structures connexes et le no-man's-land. La fouille met principalement en évidence des stratégies de construction des tranchées et des habitus militaires qui diffèrent selon la nationalité des troupes. L'état de conservation des vestiges et l'abondance du mobilier sont également très variables en fonction de la durée d'utilisation des structures. Enfin, si ces vestiges appartiennent à une période historique récente pourtant bien documentée par les archives textuelles et iconographiques, l'étude des archives sédimentaires et archéologiques démontre des processus d'altération intenses depuis l'enfouissement qui s'ajoutent aux phénomènes de récupération syn-et post-conflictuelles. <br /><br />Resümee. Eine geo-archäologische Bodenuntersuchung und Ausgrabung wurde in einem kleinen Sektor der Frontverlaufslinie bei Argonne (Marne) durchgeführt, um die Modalitäten der Implantation, des Eingrabens und der Instandhaltung der Strukturen der Schützengräben des 1. Weltkrieges bestimmen zu können. Die Überreste sind unter einer dichten Pflanzenschicht versteinert und die Bodenuntersuchungen waren auf die ersten Linien, die zusammenhängenden Strukturen und das no-nan´s-land hin ausgerichtet. Die Ausgrabung macht vor allem die Konstruktionsstrategien der Schützengräben und die militärische Haltung deutlich, die sich nach der jeweiligen Nationalität der Truppen unterschied. Der Zustand der Schützengräben und die Fülle des Inventars sind ebenfalls sehr unterschiedlich, je nach Dauer der Nutzung der Strukturen. Kurzum, wenn diese Schützengräben auch einer jüngeren historischen Periode angehören, sind sie doch gut in den textuellen und ikonographischen Archiven dokumentiert, und die Untersuchung der sedimentären und archeologischen Archive zeigt deutlich den Prozeß des intensiven Verfalls seit der Vergrabung, die zu den Phänomenen der syn-und post-konfliktgeladenen Wiederherstellung hinzukommen. <br /><br />Abstract. A geoarchaeological survey was developed over an area of the WW1 front line in Argonne (Marne) in order to observe and quantify the preservation processes of a range of trench structures. The remains are preserved under a thick vegetation cover, and were studied through several targeted excavations on these trenches, related structures and the no-man's-land. The results reveal different trench construction strategies and military traditions according to the nationality of the troops. The conditions of the remains and artifact abundance are also dependent on the duration of structures operating life. Finally, although these remains belong to a recent historical period, which is well documented by textual and iconographic archives, the study of sedimentary and archaeological archives demonstrates the intensity of natural alteration processes since 1918 that add to the phenomena of syn-and postwar recycling.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39935746" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acbd2a01922b8e8297f0c86963376818" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60122881,"asset_id":39935746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60122881/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4640530" href="https://eveha.academia.edu/R%C3%A9miBlondeau">Rémi Blondeau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4640530" type="text/json">{"id":4640530,"first_name":"Rémi","last_name":"Blondeau","domain_name":"eveha","page_name":"RémiBlondeau","display_name":"Rémi Blondeau","profile_url":"https://eveha.academia.edu/R%C3%A9miBlondeau?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4640530/16820459/24032572/s65_r_mi.blondeau.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39935746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39935746"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39935746, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39935746", }); 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Servon-Melzicourt (51), Bois de la Gruerie, « le Bonnet de Coton (secteur Z), Haubitzwäldchen (Abschnitt H) ». Approche géoarchéologique de la Grande Guerre : Modalités d'implantation, d'enfouissement et de conservation des premières lignes en Argonne","created_at":"2019-07-26T06:27:30.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39935746/_2017_Brenot_J_Blondeau_R_L%C3%A9ty_C_Z%C3%A9lie_B_Servon_Melzicourt_51_Bois_de_la_Gruerie_le_Bonnet_de_Coton_secteur_Z_Haubitzw%C3%A4ldchen_Abschnitt_H_Approche_g%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9ologique_de_la_Grande_Guerre_Modalit%C3%A9s_dimplantation_denfouissement_et_de_conservation_des_premi%C3%A8res_lignes_en_Argonne?f_ri=985739","dom_id":"work_39935746","summary":"Une opération de sondages géo-archéologiques et de fouille archéologique a été menée sur un petit secteur de la ligne de front en Argonne (Marne) afin de déterminer les modalités d'implantation, d'enfouissement et de conservation des structures de tranchées de la première guerre mondiale. Les vestiges sont fossilisés sous un épais couvert végétal et ont été étudiés au moyen de sondages ciblés sur les premières lignes, les structures connexes et le no-man's-land. La fouille met principalement en évidence des stratégies de construction des tranchées et des habitus militaires qui diffèrent selon la nationalité des troupes. L'état de conservation des vestiges et l'abondance du mobilier sont également très variables en fonction de la durée d'utilisation des structures. Enfin, si ces vestiges appartiennent à une période historique récente pourtant bien documentée par les archives textuelles et iconographiques, l'étude des archives sédimentaires et archéologiques démontre des processus d'altération intenses depuis l'enfouissement qui s'ajoutent aux phénomènes de récupération syn-et post-conflictuelles. \n\nResümee. Eine geo-archäologische Bodenuntersuchung und Ausgrabung wurde in einem kleinen Sektor der Frontverlaufslinie bei Argonne (Marne) durchgeführt, um die Modalitäten der Implantation, des Eingrabens und der Instandhaltung der Strukturen der Schützengräben des 1. Weltkrieges bestimmen zu können. Die Überreste sind unter einer dichten Pflanzenschicht versteinert und die Bodenuntersuchungen waren auf die ersten Linien, die zusammenhängenden Strukturen und das no-nan´s-land hin ausgerichtet. Die Ausgrabung macht vor allem die Konstruktionsstrategien der Schützengräben und die militärische Haltung deutlich, die sich nach der jeweiligen Nationalität der Truppen unterschied. Der Zustand der Schützengräben und die Fülle des Inventars sind ebenfalls sehr unterschiedlich, je nach Dauer der Nutzung der Strukturen. Kurzum, wenn diese Schützengräben auch einer jüngeren historischen Periode angehören, sind sie doch gut in den textuellen und ikonographischen Archiven dokumentiert, und die Untersuchung der sedimentären und archeologischen Archive zeigt deutlich den Prozeß des intensiven Verfalls seit der Vergrabung, die zu den Phänomenen der syn-und post-konfliktgeladenen Wiederherstellung hinzukommen. \n\nAbstract. A geoarchaeological survey was developed over an area of the WW1 front line in Argonne (Marne) in order to observe and quantify the preservation processes of a range of trench structures. The remains are preserved under a thick vegetation cover, and were studied through several targeted excavations on these trenches, related structures and the no-man's-land. The results reveal different trench construction strategies and military traditions according to the nationality of the troops. The conditions of the remains and artifact abundance are also dependent on the duration of structures operating life. Finally, although these remains belong to a recent historical period, which is well documented by textual and iconographic archives, the study of sedimentary and archaeological archives demonstrates the intensity of natural alteration processes since 1918 that add to the phenomena of syn-and postwar recycling.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60122881,"asset_id":39935746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4640530,"first_name":"Rémi","last_name":"Blondeau","domain_name":"eveha","page_name":"RémiBlondeau","display_name":"Rémi Blondeau","profile_url":"https://eveha.academia.edu/R%C3%A9miBlondeau?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4640530/16820459/24032572/s65_r_mi.blondeau.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":408,"name":"Geomorphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geomorphology?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":62574,"name":"WW1 War artists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WW1_War_artists?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":103557,"name":"Archéologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arch%C3%A9ologie?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":253072,"name":"Ww1 War Graves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ww1_War_Graves?f_ri=985739"},{"id":292016,"name":"Géomorphologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G%C3%A9omorphologie?f_ri=985739"},{"id":482174,"name":"Military history - WW1","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_history_-_WW1?f_ri=985739"},{"id":715849,"name":"Histoire militaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_militaire?f_ri=985739"},{"id":735348,"name":"Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":745708,"name":"WW1\u00262 history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WW1_and_2_history?f_ri=985739"},{"id":985739,"name":"Première Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1260650,"name":"Archéologie De La Grande Guerre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologie_De_La_Grande_Guerre?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1453575,"name":"Premiere Guerre Mondiale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premiere_Guerre_Mondiale?f_ri=985739"},{"id":1765849,"name":"Military history of WW1 and WW2","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_history_of_WW1_and_WW2?f_ri=985739"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38394943" data-work_id="38394943" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38394943/http_studiisicercetari_ub_ro_wp_content_uploads_2019_02_SCS_40_FINAL_V2_pdf">http://studiisicercetari.ub.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SCS_40_FINAL-V2.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Semnează Ion Pop, Alexandru Boboc, Alain Vuillemin, Liviu Dospinescu, Constantin Călin, Ștefana Pop-Curșeu, Vasile Spiridon, Ioan Pop-Curșeu, Emil Nicolae, Adina Vukovic, Ismail Avcu, Andreea Tănăsescu, Simina Mastacan, Nicoleta Popa... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38394943" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Semnează Ion Pop, Alexandru Boboc, Alain Vuillemin, Liviu Dospinescu, Constantin Călin, Ștefana Pop-Curșeu, Vasile Spiridon, Ioan Pop-Curșeu, Emil Nicolae,  Adina Vukovic, Ismail Avcu, Andreea Tănăsescu,  Simina Mastacan, Nicoleta Popa Blanariu. <br />Recenzii și cronici de Liana Tugearu, Vivia Săndulescu, Florinela Floria, Luminița Drugă, Simona Dovleac.<br /><br />Cuprins:  Prefata. I: Spiritul avangardei: Tzara, Dada, Fondane. II: Uvertura secolului. Primul Razboi Mondial: frontul de Est. III: Varia. IV: Recenzii și cronici. <br /><br />Volumul in extenso poate fi descarcat la adresa de mai jos, free access:<br /><a href="http://studiisicercetari.ub.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SCS_40_FINAL-V2.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://studiisicercetari.ub.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SCS_40_FINAL-V2.pdf</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38394943" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a93dd8a2e75f76a9acdb2aa672f429b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58520144,"asset_id":38394943,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58520144/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4605233" href="https://ub-ro.academia.edu/NicoletaPopaBlanariu">Nicoleta Popa Blanariu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4605233" type="text/json">{"id":4605233,"first_name":"Nicoleta","last_name":"Popa Blanariu","domain_name":"ub-ro","page_name":"NicoletaPopaBlanariu","display_name":"Nicoleta Popa Blanariu","profile_url":"https://ub-ro.academia.edu/NicoletaPopaBlanariu?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4605233/13933483/14990864/s65_nicoleta.popa_blanariu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38394943 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38394943"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38394943, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38394943", }); 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Duchamp)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26109" type="text/json">{"id":26109,"name":"Dada In Europe \u0026 New York (Man Ray \u0026 M. 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I: Spiritul avangardei: Tzara, Dada, Fondane. II: Uvertura secolului. Primul Razboi Mondial: frontul de Est. III: Varia. IV: Recenzii și cronici. \n\nVolumul in extenso poate fi descarcat la adresa de mai jos, free access:\nhttp://studiisicercetari.ub.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SCS_40_FINAL-V2.pdf\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58520144,"asset_id":38394943,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4605233,"first_name":"Nicoleta","last_name":"Popa Blanariu","domain_name":"ub-ro","page_name":"NicoletaPopaBlanariu","display_name":"Nicoleta Popa Blanariu","profile_url":"https://ub-ro.academia.edu/NicoletaPopaBlanariu?f_ri=985739","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4605233/13933483/14990864/s65_nicoleta.popa_blanariu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12700,"name":"Dada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dada?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":19897,"name":"Dada Theatre/Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dada_Theatre_Performance?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":19899,"name":"Hugo Ball","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hugo_Ball?f_ri=985739","nofollow":false},{"id":26109,"name":"Dada In Europe \u0026 New York (Man Ray \u0026 M. 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Mémoire et rapport de stage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Mémoire de fin d'année et rapport de stage effectué aux Archives départementales de Tarn-et-Garonne (mars-juillet 2006)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7121998" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b30494775710cebcecbef60a2acfedef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33761755,"asset_id":7121998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33761755/download_file?st=MTczNjI0ODM2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2022798" href="https://univ-tlse2.academia.edu/RolandRaynaud">Roland Raynaud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2022798" type="text/json">{"id":2022798,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Raynaud","domain_name":"univ-tlse2","page_name":"RolandRaynaud","display_name":"Roland Raynaud","profile_url":"https://univ-tlse2.academia.edu/RolandRaynaud?f_ri=985739","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7121998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7121998"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7121998, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7121998", }); 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