CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Donkey - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f19e82c2-64d7-4549-800c-ef8e35f95f2f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Donkey","wgTitle":"Donkey","wgCurRevisionId":1281496670,"wgRevisionId":1281496670,"wgArticleId":55526,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Pages containing links to subscription-only content","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from December 2016","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Articles with 'species' microformats","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009","Commons category link from Wikidata","Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items","Domesticated animals","Donkeys","African wild ass","Mammals as pets","Mammals described in 1758","Pack animals","Subspecies","Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Donkey","wgRelevantArticleId":55526,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q19707","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="858"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="572"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg/640px-Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="457"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Donkey - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Donkey rootpage-Donkey skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Donkey" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Donkey" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Donkey" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Donkey" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conservation_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Conservation status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cross_on_back" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross_on_back"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cross on back</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross_on_back-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Breeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In warfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Care</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Care-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Care subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shoeing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoeing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Shoeing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoeing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feral_populations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feral_populations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Feral populations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feral_populations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donkey_hybrids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donkey_hybrids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Donkey hybrids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donkey_hybrids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Donkey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 162 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-162" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">162 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkie" title="Donkie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Donkie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%85%E1%8B%AB" title="አህያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አህያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="حمار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yumaru" title="Yumaru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Yumaru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_africanus_asinus" title="Equus africanus asinus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Equus africanus asinus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavurro" title="Chavurro – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chavurro" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="ХӀама – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ХӀама" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asnu" title="Asnu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Asnu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9F%C5%9F%C9%99k" title="Eşşək – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Eşşək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%B4%DA%A9" title="ائششک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ائششک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keledai" title="Keledai – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Keledai" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fali" title="Fali – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fali" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE" title="গাধা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাধা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%88%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Ишәк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ишәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB" title="Свойскі асёл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свойскі асёл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB" title="Свойскі асёл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Свойскі асёл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asno" title="Asno – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asno" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Магаре – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Магаре" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grischer" title="Grischer – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grischer" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="བོང་བུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོང་བུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magarac" title="Magarac – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Magarac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azen" title="Azen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Azen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ase" title="Ase – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ase" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Килти ашак – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Килти ашак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osel_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Osel domácí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osel domácí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbongoro" title="Mbongoro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mbongoro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumere" title="Sumere – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Sumere" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asyn" title="Asyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%8Ba" title="Buŋa – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Buŋa" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86sel" title="Æsel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Æsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="حمار – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حمار" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausesel" title="Hausesel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausesel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9lii_(dabil%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CA%BCii)" title="Télii (dabilį́įʼii) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Télii (dabilį́įʼii)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesel" title="Eesel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γάιδαρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάιδαρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88sen" title="Èsen – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Èsen" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_africanus_asinus" title="Equus africanus asinus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Equus africanus asinus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeno" title="Azeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asto" title="Asto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Asto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedzi" title="Tedzi – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Tedzi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="خر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ne_commun" title="Âne commun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Âne commun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus" title="Mus – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Mus" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal" title="Asal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Asal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal" title="Asal – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Asal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burro" title="Burro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Burro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AC-%C3%A8" title="Lì-è – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lì-è" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%B9%EB%82%98%EA%B7%80" title="당나귀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="당나귀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaki" title="Jaki – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jaki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B7" title="Էշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="गधा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गधा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87i_magarac" title="Domaći magarac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Domaći magarac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asno" title="Asno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Asno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Any%E1%BB%8Bnya_ibu" title="Ịnyịnya ibu – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ịnyịnya ibu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keledai" title="Keledai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keledai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asino" title="Asino – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Asino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B3" title="Хæрæг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хæрæг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asni" title="Asni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Asni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_africanus_asinus" title="Equus africanus asinus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Equus africanus asinus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חמור הבית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמור הבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuldi" title="Kuldi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kuldi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಕತ್ತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕತ್ತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შინაური ვირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შინაური ვირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="خَر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="خَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%B4cy_%C3%B2se%C5%82" title="Domôcy òseł – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Domôcy òseł" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Есек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Есек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogoba" title="Indogoba – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Indogoba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuluku" title="Mbuluku – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mbuluku" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astol_(Equus_asinus_asinus)" title="Astol (Equus asinus asinus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Astol (Equus asinus asinus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourik" title="Bourik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bourik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ker" title="Ker – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ker" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musciat" title="Musciat – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Musciat" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azno" title="Azno – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Azno" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Ттукку – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ттукку" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_africanus_asinus" title="Equus africanus asinus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Equus africanus asinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81jas_%C4%93zelis" title="Mājas ēzelis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mājas ēzelis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesel" title="Iesel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iesel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Лам – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лам" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naminis_asilas" title="Naminis asilas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naminis asilas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ase" title="Ase – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ase" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aezel" title="Aezel – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aezel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asino" title="Asino – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Asino" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1zi_szam%C3%A1r" title="Házi szamár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Házi szamár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Магаре – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Магаре" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampondra" title="Ampondra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ampondra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4" title="കഴുത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കഴുത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%B5" title="गाढव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गाढव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="حمار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حمار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="خر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keldai" title="Keldai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keldai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8%CC%A4" title="Lè̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lè̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မြည်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezel_(dier)" title="Ezel (dier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ezel (dier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="गधा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गधा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="भुखाचा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भुखाचा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90" title="ロバ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вир – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вир" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCseesel" title="Hüseesel – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hüseesel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamesel" title="Tamesel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tamesel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esel" title="Esel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Esel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshak" title="Eshak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eshak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗਧਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਧਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کھوتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھوتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buriku" title="Buriku – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Buriku" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="خر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osio%C5%82_zwyczajny" title="Osioł zwyczajny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osioł zwyczajny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asno" title="Asno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Asno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83gar" title="Măgar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Măgar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asnu" title="Asnu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Asnu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB" title="Домашний осёл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домашний осёл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D2%BB%D1%8D%D1%85" title="Эһэх – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эһэх" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱜᱟᱫᱷᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱟᱫᱷᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کھوتا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کھوتا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_africanus_asinus" title="Equus africanus asinus – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Equus africanus asinus" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuddie" title="Cuddie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cuddie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esele" title="Esele – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Esele" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomari" title="Gomari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gomari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceccu" title="Sceccu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sceccu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F_(%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F)" title="බූරුවා (සත්ත්‍වයා) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බූරුවා (සත්ත්‍වයා)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Donkey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%8F%D9%87%D9%87" title="گڏهه – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گڏهه" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som%C3%A1r_dom%C3%A1ci" title="Somár domáci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Somár domáci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osel" title="Osel – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yjzel" title="Yjzel – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yjzel" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameer" title="Dameer – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dameer" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Домаћи магарац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Домаћи магарац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magarac" title="Magarac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magarac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keled%C3%A9" title="Keledé – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Keledé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aasi" title="Aasi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aasi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85sna" title="Åsna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Åsna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asno" title="Asno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81)" title="கழுதை (விலங்கு) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கழுதை (விலங்கு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3yul" title="Aɣyul – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aɣyul" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%88%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Ишәк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ишәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6" title="గాడిద – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గాడిద" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="ลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaja" title="Akaja – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akaja" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9Fek" title="Eşek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eşek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1ka%CC%B1za%CC%B1nki" title="A̱ka̱za̱nki – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱ka̱za̱nki" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Элчиген – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Элчиген" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Eшак – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Eшак" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA" title="Віслюк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віслюк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="گدھا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گدھا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%83" title="ئېشەك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېشەك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%ABa" title="Lừa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lừa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisli" title="Iisli – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Iisli" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85gne" title="Ågne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ågne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCliik%C3%BC" title="Püliikü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Püliikü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asno" title="Asno – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%B4" title="驴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="驴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9C" title="אייזל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייזל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%A2" title="驢 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="驢" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her" title="Her – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Her" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es%C4%97ls" title="Esėls – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Esėls" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%B4" title="驴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="驴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koro" title="Koro – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Koro" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B5anga" title="Bõanga – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Bõanga" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%97_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Домашнї маґарец – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Домашнї маґарец" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99" title="Hə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D" title="ⴰⵖⵢⵓⵍ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵖⵢⵓⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19707#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Donkey" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donkey"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donkey"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Donkey" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Donkey" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&oldid=1281496670" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Donkey&id=1281496670&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDonkey"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDonkey"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Donkey&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donkey&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Donkey" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donkeys" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19707" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Domesticated animal primarily used for transportation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Donkey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Donkey (disambiguation)">Donkey (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Burro" redirects here. For the banana cultivar, see <a href="/wiki/Bluggoe" title="Bluggoe">bluggoe</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Donkey </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Donkey_in_Clovelly,_North_Devon,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg/220px-Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg/330px-Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg/440px-Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A donkey in <a href="/wiki/Clovelly" title="Clovelly">Clovelly</a>, North Devon </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center">Domesticated <small></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Equus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perissodactyla" title="Perissodactyla">Perissodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Equidae" title="Equidae">Equidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Equus_(genus)" title="Equus (genus)"><i>Equus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><a href="/wiki/African_wild_ass" title="African wild ass">E. africanus</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subspecies: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="subspecies"><i><b>E. a. asinus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Trinomial_nomenclature" title="Trinomial nomenclature">Trinomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="trinomial"><i>Equus africanus asinus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>donkey</b> or <b>ass</b> is a domesticated equine. It derives from the <a href="/wiki/African_wild_ass" title="African wild ass">African wild ass</a>, <i>Equus africanus</i>, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, <i><b>Equus africanus asinus</b></i>, or as a separate <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, <i><b>Equus asinus</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> It was domesticated in Africa some <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003500000000000000♠"></span>5000–7000</span> years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rossel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rossel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3715">: 3715 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-todd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been used mainly as a <a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">working animal</a> since that time. </p><p>There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Underdeveloped" class="mw-redirect" title="Underdeveloped">underdeveloped</a> countries, where they are used principally as <a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">draught</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">pack animals</a>. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries. </p><p>An adult male donkey is a <i>jack</i> or <i>jackass</i>, an adult female is a <i>jenny</i> or <i>jennet</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-oad_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oad-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncd_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an immature donkey of either sex is a <i><a href="/wiki/Foal" title="Foal">foal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacks are often mated with <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">female horses (mares)</a> to produce <i><a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mules</a></i>; the less common hybrid of a <a href="/wiki/Stallion" title="Stallion">male horse (stallion)</a> and jenny is a <i><a href="/wiki/Hinny" title="Hinny">hinny</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2></div> <p>Traditionally, the scientific name for the donkey is <i>Equus asinus asinus</i>, on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Priority_(nomenclature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priority (nomenclature)">principle of priority</a> used for scientific names of animals. However, the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> ruled in 2003 that if the domestic and the wild species are considered subspecies of a common species, the scientific name of the wild species has priority, even when that subspecies was described after the domestic subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-Opinion2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opinion2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that the proper scientific name for the donkey is <i>Equus africanus asinus</i> when it is considered a subspecies and <i>Equus asinus</i> when it is considered a species.<sup id="cite_ref-wilson_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Opinion2007_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opinion2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one time, the <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonym</a> <i>ass</i> was the more common term for the donkey. The first recorded use of <i>donkey</i> was in either 1784<sup id="cite_ref-fairman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1785.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grose_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grose-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-diaz_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diaz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 239">: 239 </span></sup> While the word <i>ass</i> has <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> in most other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>, <i>donkey</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymologically</a> obscure word for which no credible cognate has been identified. Hypotheses on its derivation include the following: </p> <ul><li>perhaps from Spanish for its <a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">don</a>-like gravity; the donkey was also known as "the King of Spain's trumpeter".<sup id="cite_ref-grose_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grose-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>perhaps a diminutive of <i><a href="/wiki/Dun_gene" title="Dun gene">dun</a></i> (dull grayish-brown), a typical donkey colour.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webster_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>perhaps from the name <i>Duncan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AHD4donkey_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHD4donkey-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>perhaps of imitative origin.<sup id="cite_ref-AHD4donkey_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHD4donkey-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>From the 18th century, <i>donkey</i> gradually replaced <i>ass</i> and <i>jenny</i> replaced <i>she-ass</i>, which is now considered archaic.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The change may have come about through a tendency to avoid pejorative terms in speech and may be comparable to the substitution in North American English of <i><a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">rooster</a></i> for <i>cock</i>, or that of <i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a></i> for <i>coney</i>, which was formerly <a href="/wiki/Homophone" title="Homophone">homophonic</a> with <i>cunny</i> (a variation of the word <a href="/wiki/Vagina#Perceptions,_symbolism_and_vulgarity" title="Vagina">cunt</a>). By the end of the 17th century, changes in pronunciation of both <i>ass</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">arse</a></i> had caused them to become homophones in some varieties of English.<sup id="cite_ref-diaz_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diaz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 239">: 239 </span></sup> Other words used for the ass in English from this time include <i>cuddy</i> in Scotland, <i>neddy</i> in southwestern England and <i>dicky</i> in southeastern England;<sup id="cite_ref-diaz_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diaz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 239">: 239 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moke_(slang)" title="Moke (slang)"><i>moke</i></a> is documented in the 19th century and may be of Welsh or Romani origin. </p><p><i>Burro</i> is a word for donkey in both Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>. In the United States, it is commonly applied to the <a href="/wiki/Feral_organism" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral organism">feral</a> donkeys that live west of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-blm_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blm-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it may also refer to any small donkey.<sup id="cite_ref-webster2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 147">: 147 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse" title="Evolution of the horse">Evolution of the horse</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg/220px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg/330px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg/440px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Panehsi_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption>Donkey in an Egyptian painting c. 1298–1235 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The genus <i>Equus</i>, which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from <i><a href="/wiki/Dinohippus" title="Dinohippus">Dinohippus</a></i>, via the intermediate form <i><a href="/wiki/Plesippus" title="Plesippus">Plesippus</a></i>. One of the oldest species is <i><a href="/wiki/Hagerman_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagerman Horse">Equus simplicidens</a></i>, described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is approximately 3.5 million years old, and was located in the US state of Idaho. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged <i>Equus livenzovensis</i> documented from western Europe and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Azzaroli1992_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azzaroli1992-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus <i>Equus</i>) lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Myr before present date for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Myr BP.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus <i>E. (<a href="/wiki/Asinus" title="Asinus">Asinus</a>)</i>, including the <a href="/wiki/Turkmenian_kulan" title="Turkmenian kulan">kulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">onager</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiang" title="Kiang">kiang</a>), followed by the African zebras (subgenera <i>E. (<a href="/wiki/Dolichohippus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolichohippus">Dolichohippus</a>)</i>, and <i>E. (<a href="/wiki/Hippotigris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippotigris">Hippotigris</a>)</i>). All other modern forms including the domesticated horse (and many fossil <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> forms) belong to the subgenus <i>E. (<a href="/wiki/Equus_(genus)" title="Equus (genus)">Equus</a>)</i> which diverged ~4.8 (3.2–6.5) million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-WeinstockMolecularPerspective_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeinstockMolecularPerspective-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancestors of the modern donkey are the <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalian</a> subspecies of <a href="/wiki/African_wild_ass" title="African wild ass">African wild ass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clut_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clut-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Albano_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albano-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rs_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remains of domestic donkeys dating to the fourth millennium BC have been found in <a href="/wiki/Ma%27adi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'adi">Ma'adi</a> in Lower Egypt, and it is believed that the domestication of the donkey was accomplished long after the domestication of cattle, sheep and goats in the seventh and eighth millennia BC. Donkeys were probably first domesticated by pastoral people in <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, and they supplanted the <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a> as the chief pack animal of that culture. The domestication of donkeys served to increase the mobility of pastoral cultures, having the advantage over ruminants of not needing time to <a href="/wiki/Chewing_the_cud" class="mw-redirect" title="Chewing the cud">chew their cud</a>, and were vital in the development of long-distance trade across Egypt. In the <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty IV">Dynasty IV</a> era of Egypt, between 2675 and 2565 BC, wealthy members of society were known to own over 1,000 donkeys, employed in agriculture, as dairy and meat animals and as pack animals.<sup id="cite_ref-IMH_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMH-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the tomb of either <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">King Narmer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">King Hor-Aha</a> (two of the first Egyptian pharaohs) was excavated and the skeletons of ten donkeys were found buried in a manner usually used with high ranking humans. These burials show the importance of donkeys to the early Egyptian state and its ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the fourth millennium BC, the donkey had spread to Southwest Asia, and the main breeding centre had shifted to <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> by 1800 BC. The breeding of large, white riding asses made <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> famous,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while Syrian breeders developed at least three other breeds, including one preferred by women for its easy <a href="/wiki/Horse_gait" title="Horse gait">gait</a>. The Muscat or Yemen ass was developed in <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>. By the second millennium BC, the donkey was brought to Europe, possibly at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> was introduced, as the donkey is associated with the Syrian god of wine, <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>. Greeks spread both of these to many of their colonies, including those in what are now Italy, France and Spain; Romans dispersed them throughout their empire.<sup id="cite_ref-IMH_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMH-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first donkeys came to the Americas on ships of the <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Second_voyage_(1493–1496)" title="Christopher Columbus">Second Voyage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, and were landed at <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> in 1495.<sup id="cite_ref-roots_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first to reach North America may have been two animals taken to Mexico by <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga" title="Juan de Zumárraga">Juan de Zumárraga</a>, the first bishop of Mexico, who arrived there on 6 December 1528, while the first donkeys to reach what is now the United States may have crossed the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> with <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a> in April 1598.<sup id="cite_ref-burro_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From that time on they spread northward, finding use in missions and mines. Donkeys were documented as present in what today is Arizona in 1679. By the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a> years of the 19th century, the burro was the <a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">beast of burden</a> of choice of early <a href="/wiki/Prospecting" title="Prospecting">prospectors</a> in the western United States. By the end of the <a href="/wiki/Placer_mining" title="Placer mining">placer mining</a> boom, many of them escaped or were abandoned, and a <a href="/wiki/Feral_organism" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral organism">feral</a> population established itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation_status">Conservation status</h3></div> <p>About 41 million donkeys were reported worldwide in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China had the most with 11 million, followed by Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and Mexico. As of 2017, however, the Chinese population was reported to have dropped to 3 million, with African populations under pressure as well, due to increasing trade and demand for donkey products in China.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some researchers believe the actual number may be somewhat higher since many donkeys go uncounted.<sup id="cite_ref-starkey_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starkey-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of breeds and percentage of world population for each of the FAO's world regions was in 2006:<sup id="cite_ref-mon_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region</th> <th>No. of breeds</th> <th>% of world pop. </th></tr> <tr> <td>Africa</td> <td style="text-align:right;">26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asia and Pacific</td> <td style="text-align:right;">32</td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Europe and the Caucasus</td> <td style="text-align:right;">51</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Latin America and the Caribbean</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Near and Middle East</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States and Canada</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>World</td> <td style="text-align:right;">185</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41 million head </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baudet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Baudet.jpg/220px-Baudet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Baudet.jpg/330px-Baudet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Baudet.jpg/440px-Baudet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Baudet_du_Poitou" title="Baudet du Poitou">Baudet du Poitou</a> is among the largest breeds of donkey</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger,_Boubon_(11),_weekly_cattle_market,_donkeys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Niger%2C_Boubon_%2811%29%2C_weekly_cattle_market%2C_donkeys.jpg/220px-Niger%2C_Boubon_%2811%29%2C_weekly_cattle_market%2C_donkeys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Niger%2C_Boubon_%2811%29%2C_weekly_cattle_market%2C_donkeys.jpg/330px-Niger%2C_Boubon_%2811%29%2C_weekly_cattle_market%2C_donkeys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Niger%2C_Boubon_%2811%29%2C_weekly_cattle_market%2C_donkeys.jpg/440px-Niger%2C_Boubon_%2811%29%2C_weekly_cattle_market%2C_donkeys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>At a livestock market in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1997, the number of donkeys in the world was reported to be continuing to grow, as it had steadily done throughout most of history; factors cited as contributing to this were increasing human population, progress in economic development and social stability in some poorer nations, conversion of forests to farm and range land, rising prices of motor vehicles and fuel, and the popularity of donkeys as pets.<sup id="cite_ref-starkey_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starkey-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blench2000_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blench2000-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the world population of donkeys is reported to be rapidly shrinking, falling from 43.7 million to 43.5 million between 1995 and 2000, and to only 41 million in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fall in population is pronounced in developed countries; in Europe, the total number of donkeys fell from 3 million in 1944 to just over 1 million in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-svend5_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svend5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (<a href="/wiki/DAD-IS" title="DAD-IS">DAD-IS</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> listed 189 breeds of ass in June 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-dad_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dad-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000 the number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_donkey_breeds" title="List of donkey breeds">breeds of donkey</a> recorded worldwide was 97, and in 1995 it was 77. The rapid increase is attributed to attention paid to identification and recognition of donkey breeds by the FAO's Animal Genetic Resources project.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rate of recognition of new breeds has been particularly high in some developed countries. In France only one breed, the Baudet du Poitou, was recognised until the early 1990s; by 2005, a further six donkey breeds had official recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-inra_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inra-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In developed countries, the welfare of donkeys both at home and abroad has become a concern, and a number of sanctuaries for retired and rescued donkeys have been set up. The largest is <a href="/wiki/The_Donkey_Sanctuary" title="The Donkey Sanctuary">The Donkey Sanctuary</a> near <a href="/wiki/Sidmouth" title="Sidmouth">Sidmouth</a>, England, which also supports donkey welfare projects in Egypt, Ethiopia, India, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-ds2006_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ds2006-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, a drop in the number of Chinese donkeys, combined with the fact that they are slow to reproduce, meant that Chinese suppliers began to look to Africa. As a result of the increase in demand, and the price that could be charged, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> opened three donkey abattoirs. Concerns for donkeys' well-being, however, have resulted in a number of African countries (including <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>) banning China from buying their donkey products.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, The Donkey Sanctuary warned that the global donkey population could be reduced by half over the next half decade as the demand for <a href="/wiki/Donkey-hide_gelatin" title="Donkey-hide gelatin">ejiao</a> increases in China.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_donkey_breeds" title="List of donkey breeds">List of donkey breeds</a></div> <p>Donkeys vary considerably in size, depending on both breed and environmental conditions, and heights at the <a href="/wiki/Withers" title="Withers">withers</a> range from less than 90 centimetres (35 in) to approximately 150 cm (59 in).<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup> Working donkeys in the poorest countries have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years;<sup id="cite_ref-nsw_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in more prosperous countries, they may have a lifespan of 30 to 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donkeys are adapted to marginal <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> lands. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">wild</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feral_horse" title="Feral horse">feral horses</a>, wild donkeys in dry areas are solitary and do not form <a href="/wiki/Harem_(zoology)" title="Harem (zoology)">harems</a>. Each adult donkey establishes a home range; breeding over a large area may be dominated by one jack.<sup id="cite_ref-svend3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svend3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loud call or bray of the donkey, which typically lasts for twenty seconds<sup id="cite_ref-canacoo_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canacoo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whitehead_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitehead-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be heard for over three kilometres, may help keep in contact with other donkeys over the wide spaces of the desert.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donkeys have large ears, which may pick up more distant sounds, and may help cool the donkey's blood.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donkeys can defend themselves by biting, striking with the front hooves or kicking with the hind legs. Their vocalization, called a bray, is often represented in English as "hee haw". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross_on_back">Cross on back</h3></div> <p>Most donkeys have dorsal and shoulder stripes, <a href="/wiki/Primitive_markings" title="Primitive markings">primitive markings</a> which form a distinctive cross pattern on their backs.<sup id="cite_ref-lookalikecollage_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lookalikecollage-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding">Breeding</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg/250px-Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg/330px-Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg/500px-Equus_asinus_Kadzid%C5%82owo_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="1814" /></a><figcaption>A three-week-old donkey foal</figcaption></figure> <p>A jenny is normally pregnant for about 12 months, though the gestation period varies from 11 to 14 months,<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sewell_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sewell-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and usually gives birth to a single foal. Births of twins are rare, though less so than in horses.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1.7 percent of donkey pregnancies result in twins; both foals survive in about 14 percent of those.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general jennies have a conception rate that is lower than that of horses (i.e., less than the 60–65% rate for mares).<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although jennies come into heat within 9 or 10 days of giving birth, their fertility remains low, and it is likely the reproductive tract has not returned to normal.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus it is usual to wait one or two further <a href="/wiki/Oestrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Oestrous">oestrous</a> cycles before rebreeding, unlike the practice with mares. Jennies are usually very protective of their <a href="/wiki/Foal" title="Foal">foals</a>, and some will not come into estrus while they have a foal at side.<sup id="cite_ref-Rachau_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rachau-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time lapse involved in rebreeding, and the length of a jenny's gestation, means that a jenny will have fewer than one foal per year. Because of this and the longer gestation period, donkey breeders do not expect to obtain a foal every year, as horse breeders often do, but may plan for three foals in four years.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donkeys can interbreed with other members of the family Equidae, and are commonly interbred with horses. The <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> between a jack and a <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mare</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a>, valued as a working and riding animal in many countries. Some large donkey breeds such as the <a href="/wiki/Asino_di_Martina_Franca" class="mw-redirect" title="Asino di Martina Franca">Asino di Martina Franca</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baudet_du_Poitou" title="Baudet du Poitou">Baudet du Poitou</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_mammoth_donkey" class="mw-redirect" title="American mammoth donkey">Mammoth Jack</a> are raised only for mule production. The hybrid between a <a href="/wiki/Stallion" title="Stallion">stallion</a> and a jenny is a <a href="/wiki/Hinny" title="Hinny">hinny</a>, and is less common. Like other inter-species hybrids, mules and hinnies are usually sterile.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donkeys can also breed with <a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">zebras</a>, in which case the offspring is called a <a href="/wiki/Zebroid" title="Zebroid">zonkey</a> (among other names). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h3></div> <p>Donkeys have a notorious reputation for stubbornness, but this has been attributed to a much stronger sense of <a href="/wiki/Self-preservation" title="Self-preservation">self-preservation</a> than exhibited by horses.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likely based on a stronger prey instinct and a weaker connection with humans, it is considerably more difficult to force or frighten a donkey into doing something it perceives to be dangerous for whatever reason. Once a person has earned their confidence they can be willing and companionable partners and very dependable in work.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although formal studies of their <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">behaviour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">cognition</a> are rather limited, donkeys appear to be quite intelligent, cautious, friendly, playful, and eager to learn.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left; font-size:94%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skegness4web.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Classic British seaside donkeys in Skegness"><img alt="Classic British seaside donkeys in Skegness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Skegness4web.jpg/225px-Skegness4web.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Skegness4web.jpg/338px-Skegness4web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Skegness4web.jpg/450px-Skegness4web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Classic British seaside donkeys in <a href="/wiki/Skegness" title="Skegness">Skegness</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pack donkeys in Tayrona National Natural Park in northern Colombia"><img alt="Pack donkeys in Tayrona National Natural Park in northern Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG/400px-104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG/600px-104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG/800px-104_Donkeys_in_Tayrona_Park_Colombia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pack donkeys in <a href="/wiki/Tayrona_National_Natural_Park" title="Tayrona National Natural Park">Tayrona National Natural Park</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donkeys for transport on the island of Hydra"><img alt="Donkeys for transport on the island of Hydra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg/500px-Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg/672px-Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg/896px-Esel_auf_Ydra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="603" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Donkeys for transport on the island of <a href="/wiki/Hydra_(island)" title="Hydra (island)">Hydra</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uyghur man on his donkey cart. Kashgar"><img alt="Uyghur man on his donkey cart. Kashgar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg/369px-Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg/554px-Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg/738px-Uyghur_man_on_his_donkey_cart._Kashgar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> man on his donkey cart. <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donkey_Equus_asinus_Tanzania_1114_cropped_Nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A donkey in Tanzania."><img alt="A donkey in Tanzania." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Donkey_Equus_asinus_Tanzania_1114_cropped_Nevit.jpg/500px-Donkey_Equus_asinus_Tanzania_1114_cropped_Nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Donkey_Equus_asinus_Tanzania_1114_cropped_Nevit.jpg/960px-Donkey_Equus_asinus_Tanzania_1114_cropped_Nevit.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A donkey in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The donkey has been used as a working animal for at least <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003500000000000000♠"></span>5000</span> years. Of the more than 40 million donkeys in the world, about 96% are in <a href="/wiki/Underdeveloped" class="mw-redirect" title="Underdeveloped">underdeveloped</a> countries, where they are used principally as pack animals or for draught work in transport or agriculture. After human labour, the donkey is the cheapest form of agricultural power.<sup id="cite_ref-pearson_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pearson-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling and other work.<sup id="cite_ref-aluja_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aluja-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cultures that prohibit women from working with <a href="/wiki/Oxen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxen">oxen</a> in agriculture do not extend this taboo to donkeys.<sup id="cite_ref-ifad_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifad-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In developed countries where their use as beasts of burden has disappeared, donkeys are used to sire mules, to guard <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IMH_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMH-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dohner_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dohner-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Donkey_rides" title="Donkey rides">donkey rides</a> for children or tourists, and as pets. Donkeys may be pastured or stabled with horses and ponies, and are thought to have a calming effect on nervous horses. If a donkey is introduced to a <a href="/wiki/Mare_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare (horse)">mare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foal" title="Foal">foal</a>, the foal may turn to the donkey for support after it has been weaned from its mother.<sup id="cite_ref-ypte_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ypte-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, Canada, and Australia, donkeys are used as livestock guard animals for smaller livestock such as sheep.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When working as livestock guard animals, also called predator control animals or mobile flock protectors, donkeys will bray loudly and attack potential predators by kicking out with their front hooves.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, donkeys comprised 14.2% of livestock guard animals in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few donkeys are milked or raised <a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">for meat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-starkey_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starkey-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 3.5 million donkeys and mules are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italy, which has the highest consumption of equine meat in Europe and where donkey meat is the main ingredient of several regional dishes, about 1,000 donkeys were slaughtered in 2010, yielding approximately 100 tonnes (98 long tons; 110 short tons) of meat.<sup id="cite_ref-istat_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-istat-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asses%27_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Asses' milk">Asses' milk</a> may command good prices: the average price in Italy in 2009 was €15 per litre,<sup id="cite_ref-latte_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latte-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a price of €6 per 100 ml was reported from Croatia in 2008; it is used for soaps and cosmetics as well as dietary purposes. The niche markets for both milk and meat are expanding.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, donkey skin was used in the production of <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the UK based charity <a href="/wiki/The_Donkey_Sanctuary" title="The Donkey Sanctuary">The Donkey Sanctuary</a> estimated that 1.8 million skins were traded every year, but the demand could be as high as 10 million.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg/170px-Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg/255px-Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg/340px-Henderson_and_the_donkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Lt. Richard Alexander "Dick" Henderson using a donkey to carry a wounded soldier at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Battle of Gallipoli</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In China, donkey meat is considered a delicacy with some restaurants specializing in such dishes, and <a href="/wiki/Guo_Li_Zhuang" title="Guo Li Zhuang">Guo Li Zhuang</a> restaurants offer the genitals of donkeys in dishes. <a href="/wiki/Donkey-hide_gelatin" title="Donkey-hide gelatin">Donkey-hide gelatin</a> is produced by soaking and stewing the hide to make a traditional Chinese medicine product. <a href="/wiki/Donkey-hide_gelatin" title="Donkey-hide gelatin">Ejiao</a>, the gelatine produced by boiling donkey skins, can sell for up to $388 per kilogram, at October 2017 prices.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_warfare">In warfare</h3></div> <p>During World War I <a href="/wiki/John_Simpson_Kirkpatrick" title="John Simpson Kirkpatrick">John Simpson Kirkpatrick</a>, a British stretcher bearer serving with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps" title="Australian and New Zealand Army Corps">Australian and New Zealand Army Corps</a>, and Richard Alexander "Dick" Henderson of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Medical_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Medical Corps">New Zealand Medical Corps</a> used donkeys to rescue wounded soldiers from the battlefield at <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anzac_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anzac-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nzh_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzh-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to British food writer <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Fort" title="Matthew Fort">Matthew Fort</a>, donkeys were used in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a>. The Mountain Fusiliers each had a donkey to <a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">carry</a> their gear, and in extreme circumstances the animal could be <a href="/wiki/Horsemeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Horsemeat">eaten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vespa_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vespa-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donkeys have also been used to carry explosives in conflicts that include the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">war in Afghanistan</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-evans_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boaz_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boaz-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2025 Donkeys were issued to Russian forces participating in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a> to ferry supplies, with Russian officials stating logistical issues as the reason.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Care">Care</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoeing">Shoeing</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:333px;max-width:333px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donkey_shoe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Donkey_shoe.jpg/250px-Donkey_shoe.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="984" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A donkey shoe with <a href="/wiki/Calkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Calkin">calkins</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprian_Farriers_(1900)_-_TIMEA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cyprian_Farriers_%281900%29_-_TIMEA.jpg/250px-Cyprian_Farriers_%281900%29_-_TIMEA.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cyprian_Farriers_%281900%29_-_TIMEA.jpg/330px-Cyprian_Farriers_%281900%29_-_TIMEA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cyprian_Farriers_%281900%29_-_TIMEA.jpg/500px-Cyprian_Farriers_%281900%29_-_TIMEA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Farriers shoeing a donkey in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> in 1900</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Donkey hooves are more elastic than those of horses, and do not naturally wear down as fast. Regular clipping may be required; neglect can lead to permanent damage.<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working donkeys may need to be shod. Donkey shoes are similar to <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe" title="Horseshoe">horseshoes</a>, but usually smaller and without toe-clips. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/250px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg/500px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4669" /></a><figcaption>Local man watching his donkey graze near the <a href="/wiki/Aydar_Lake" title="Aydar Lake">Aidarkul Lake</a> an artificial lake in Uzbekistan. Donkeys are particularly well suited for grazing in <a href="/wiki/Drylands" title="Drylands">dryland environments</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In their native arid and semi-arid climates, donkeys spend more than half of each day foraging and feeding, often on poor quality scrub.<sup id="cite_ref-svend2_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svend2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The donkey has a tough <a href="/wiki/Digestive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive system">digestive system</a> in which roughage is efficiently broken down by <a href="/wiki/Hind_gut_fermentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hind gut fermentation">hind gut fermentation</a>, microbial action in the <a href="/wiki/Caecum" class="mw-redirect" title="Caecum">caecum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-svend2_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svend2-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there is no marked structural difference between the gastro-intestinal tract of a donkey and that of a horse, the digestion of the donkey is more efficient. It needs less food than a horse or pony of comparable height and weight,<sup id="cite_ref-smith2008_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith2008-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately 1.5 percent of body weight per day in dry matter,<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2005_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to the 2–2.5 percent consumption rate possible for a horse.<sup id="cite_ref-Penn_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penn-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donkeys are also less prone to <a href="/wiki/Colic" title="Colic">colic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-svendsen_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svendsen-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reasons for this difference are not fully understood; the donkey may have different <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_flora" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal flora">intestinal flora</a> to the horse, or a longer gut retention time.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donkeys obtain most of their energy from <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">structural carbohydrates</a>. Some suggest that a donkey needs to be fed only <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a> (preferably barley straw), supplemented with controlled grazing in the summer or <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a> in the winter,<sup id="cite_ref-sanct_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanct-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to get all the energy, protein, fat and vitamins it requires; others recommend some grain to be fed, particularly to working animals,<sup id="cite_ref-alberta_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others advise against feeding straw.<sup id="cite_ref-blm_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blm-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They do best when allowed to consume small amounts of food over long periods. They can meet their nutritional needs on 6 to 7 hours of grazing per day on average dryland pasture that is not stressed by drought. If they are worked long hours or do not have access to pasture, they require hay or a similar dried forage, with no more than a 1:4 ratio of legumes to grass. They also require salt and mineral supplements, and access to clean, fresh water.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In temperate climates the forage available is often too abundant and too rich; over-feeding may cause weight gain and obesity, and lead to metabolic disorders such as founder (<a href="/wiki/Laminitis" title="Laminitis">laminitis</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and <a href="/wiki/Hyperlipaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperlipaemia">hyperlipaemia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sanct_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanct-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to <a href="/wiki/Gastric_ulcers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric ulcers">gastric ulcers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burden2009_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burden2009-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the world, working donkeys are associated with the very poor, with those living at or below subsistence level.<sup id="cite_ref-aluja_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aluja-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few receive adequate food, and in general donkeys throughout the <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> are under-nourished and over-worked.<sup id="cite_ref-svend4_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svend4-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feral_populations">Feral populations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_Burros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wild_Burros.jpg/250px-Wild_Burros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wild_Burros.jpg/330px-Wild_Burros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wild_Burros.jpg/500px-Wild_Burros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">Feral</a> burros in <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_National_Conservation_Area" title="Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area">Red Rock Canyon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In some areas domestic donkeys have returned to the wild and established <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">feral</a> populations such as those of the burro of North America and the <a href="/wiki/Asinara_donkey" title="Asinara donkey">Asinara donkey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, Italy, both of which have protected status.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Feral donkeys can also cause problems, notably in environments that have evolved free of any form of <a href="/wiki/Equid" class="mw-redirect" title="Equid">equid</a>, such as Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-feral_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feral-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a small community of feral donkeys on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, that descend from the animals brought by Danish colonists for agricultural work. While they add to the island's charm, they also cause issues like vegetation damage and road hazards, leading to population management efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia, where there may be 5 million <a href="/wiki/Feral_donkeys_in_Australia" title="Feral donkeys in Australia">feral donkeys</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-roots_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are regarded as an invasive pest and have a serious impact on the environment. They may compete with livestock and native animals for resources, spread weeds and diseases, foul or damage watering holes and cause erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-aus_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aus-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Donkey_hybrids">Donkey hybrids</h2></div> <p>The earliest documented donkey hybrid was the <a href="/wiki/Kunga_(equid)" title="Kunga (equid)">kunga</a>, which was used as a draft animal in the Syrian and Mesopotamian kingdoms of the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE. A cross between a captive male <a href="/wiki/Syrian_wild_ass" title="Syrian wild ass">Syrian wild ass</a> and a female domesticated donkey (jenny), they represent the earliest known example of human-directed animal hybridization. They were produced at a breeding center at Nagar (modern <a href="/wiki/Tell_Brak" title="Tell Brak">Tell Brak</a>) and were sold or given as gifts throughout the region, where they became significant status symbols, pulling battle wagons and the chariots of kings, and also being sacrificed to bury with high-status people. They fell out of favor following the introduction of the domestic horse and its donkey hybrid, the <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a>, into the region at the end of the 3rd millennium BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A male donkey (jack) crossed with a female horse produces a <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a>, while a male horse crossed with a jenny produces a <a href="/wiki/Hinny" title="Hinny">hinny</a>. Horse–donkey <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> are almost always <a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">sterile</a> because of a failure of their developing gametes to complete meiosis.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower progesterone production of the jenny may also lead to early <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic loss">embryonic loss</a>. In addition, there are reasons not directly related to reproductive biology. Due to different <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a> behavior, jacks are often more willing to cover mares than stallions are to breed jennies. Further, mares are usually larger than jennies and thus have more room for the ensuing foal to grow in the womb, resulting in a larger animal at birth. It is commonly believed that mules are more easily handled and also physically stronger than hinnies, making them more desirable for breeders to produce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="to make this statement, one needs data indicating the greater prevalence of mules (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The offspring of a <a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">zebra</a>–donkey cross is called a zonkey, <a href="/wiki/Zebroid" title="Zebroid">zebroid</a>, zebrass, or zedonk;<sup id="cite_ref-zorse_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zorse-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>zebra mule</i> is an older term, but still used in some regions today. The foregoing terms generally refer to hybrids produced by breeding a male zebra to a female donkey. <i>Zebra hinny, zebret</i> and <i>zebrinny</i> all refer to the cross of a female zebra with a male donkey. Zebrinnies are rarer than zedonkies because female zebras in captivity are most valuable when used to produce full-blooded zebras.<sup id="cite_ref-zedonk_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zedonk-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are not enough female zebras breeding in captivity to spare them for hybridizing; there is no such limitation on the number of female donkeys breeding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-borne_bomb_attacks" title="Animal-borne bomb attacks">Animal-borne bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_references_to_donkeys" title="Cultural references to donkeys">Cultural references to donkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennet" title="Jennet">Jennet</a>, a type of medieval horse</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cabi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ"><i>Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806060221/https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> 2020-08-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780647944" title="Special:BookSources/9781780647944">9781780647944</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rossel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rossel_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stine Rossel, Fiona Marshall, Joris Peters, Tom Pilgram, Matthew D. Adams, David O'Connor (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25461306">Domestication of the Donkey: Timing, Processes, and Indicators</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131201211/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25461306">Archived</a> 2022-01-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>105</b> (10): 3715–3720. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-todd-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-todd_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evelyn T. Todd, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Loreleï Chauvey, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Antoine Fages, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Pierre Clavel <i>et al</i>. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo3503?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D63636472906755120633147245121430600394%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1663624933&#tab-citations">The genomic history and global expansion of domestic donkeys</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>377</b> (6611): 1172–1180. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abo3503">10.1126/science.abo3503</a>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oad-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oad_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[n.a.] (2005) <i>Oxford American Dictionaries</i> (computer application) Apple Computer. s.v. "Jennet (1)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncd-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ncd_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woolf, Henry (ed.)|title= (1980) <i>Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary</i> Springfield MA: Merriam <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87779-398-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87779-398-0">0-87779-398-0</a>. s.v. "Jennet (2)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alberta-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberta_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116094249/http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex598">"The Donkey"</a>. Government of Alberta: Agriculture and Rural Development. 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex598">the original</a> on November 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Donkey&rft.pub=Government+of+Alberta%3A+Agriculture+and+Rural+Development&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.agric.gov.ab.ca%2F%24department%2Fdeptdocs.nsf%2Fall%2Fagdex598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Opinion2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Opinion2007_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Opinion2007_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature2003" class="citation journal cs1">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357823">"Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)"</a>. <i>Bull. Zool. Nomencl</i>. <b>60</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">81–</span>84. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609144912/http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34357823">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Zool.+Nomencl.&rft.atitle=Usage+of+17+specific+names+based+on+wild+species+which+are+pre-dated+by+or+contemporary+with+those+based+on+domestic+animals+%28Lepidoptera%2C+Osteichthyes%2C+Mammalia%29%3A+conserved.+Opinion+2027+%28Case+3010%29&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=2003&rft.au=International+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F34357823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilson-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wilson_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrubb2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Grubb_(zoologist)" title="Peter Grubb (zoologist)">Grubb, P.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14100004">"Order Perissodactyla"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D.E.</a>; Reeder, D.M (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA629–630"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">629–</span>630. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Order+Perissodactyla&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E629-%3C%2Fspan%3E630&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14100004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fairman-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fairman_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFairman1994" class="citation journal cs1">Fairman, Tony (1994). "How the ass became a donkey". <i>English Today</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0266078400007860">10.1017/S0266078400007860</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-0784">0266-0784</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144914684">144914684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Today&rft.atitle=How+the+ass+became+a+donkey&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144914684%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0266-0784&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0266078400007860&rft.aulast=Fairman&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span>, cited in: Isabel de la Cruz Cabanillas, Cristina Tejedor Martínez (2002). "The horse family: on the evolution of the field and its metaphorization process", in Javier E. Díaz Vera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC"><i>A changing world of words: Studies in English historical lexicography, lexicology and semantics</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224010723/https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC">Archived</a> 2016-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Amsterdam: Rodopi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1330-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1330-8">978-90-420-1330-8</a> p.239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50068618?query_type=word&queryword=donkey&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&search_id=1DK6-klIEoh-3183&result_place=2">"Donkey"</a> OED Online (subscription required). Retrieved May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grose-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grose_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grose_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grose, Francis (1785) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NqHteIy-lXYC"><i>A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604202005/http://books.google.com/books?id=NqHteIy-lXYC">Archived</a> 2013-06-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> London: For S. Hooper. s.v. "Donkey".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diaz-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diaz_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-diaz_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-diaz_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabel de la Cruz Cabanillas, Cristina Tejedor Martínez (2002). "The horse family: on the evolution of the field and its metaphorization process", in Javier E. Díaz Vera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC"><i>A changing world of words: Studies in English historical lexicography, lexicology and semantics</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224010723/https://books.google.com/books?id=jxCQ4XMjBPIC">Archived</a> 2016-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Amsterdam: Rodopi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1330-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1330-8">978-90-420-1330-8</a> p.239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webster-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webster_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/">Merriam-Webster Unabridged</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130210103302/http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/">Archived</a> 2013-02-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (MWU). (Online subscription-based reference service of <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>, based on Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.) Headword <i>donkey</i>. Retrieved September 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHD4donkey-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHD4donkey_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHD4donkey_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoughton_Mifflin2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanheritage0000unse_a1o7/page/535"><i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i></a> (4th ed.). Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanheritage0000unse_a1o7/page/535">535</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-82517-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-82517-4"><bdi>978-0-395-82517-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Boston+and+New+York&rft.pages=535&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-395-82517-4&rft.au=Houghton+Mifflin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanheritage0000unse_a1o7%2Fpage%2F535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dict.cc/german-english/Eselin.html">"Eselin"</a>. <i>German-English Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223249/http://www.dict.cc/german-english/Eselin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German-English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Eselin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dict.cc%2Fgerman-english%2FEselin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blm-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blm_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blm_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/whb/adoption/burro_care.html">Burro care</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204134637/http://www.blm.gov/az/st/en/prog/whb/adoption/burro_care.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management. Accessed February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webster2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webster2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Woolf (editor) (1980). <i>Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary</i>. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877793980" title="Special:BookSources/0877793980">0877793980</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azzaroli1992-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Azzaroli1992_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAzzaroli1992" class="citation journal cs1">Azzaroli, A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf28/anz28-151-163.pdf">"Ascent and decline of monodactyl equids: a case for prehistoric overkill"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ann. Zool. Finnici</i>. <b>28</b>: <span class="nowrap">151–</span>163. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173448/http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf28/anz28-151-163.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann.+Zool.+Finnici&rft.atitle=Ascent+and+decline+of+monodactyl+equids%3A+a+case+for+prehistoric+overkill&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Azzaroli&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sekj.org%2FPDF%2Fanzf28%2Fanz28-151-163.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrlandoGinolhacZhangFroese2013" class="citation journal cs1">Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; Schubert, M.; Cappellini, E.; Petersen, B.; et al. (4 July 2013). "Recalibrating <i>Equus evolution</i> using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". <i>Nature</i>. <b>499</b> (7456): <span class="nowrap">74–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.499...74O">2013Natur.499...74O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature12323">10.1038/nature12323</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23803765">23803765</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4318227">4318227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Recalibrating+Equus+evolution+using+the+genome+sequence+of+an+early+Middle+Pleistocene+horse&rft.volume=499&rft.issue=7456&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature12323&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4318227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23803765&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Natur.499...74O&rft.aulast=Orlando&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Ginolhac%2C+A.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+G.&rft.au=Froese%2C+D.&rft.au=Albrechtsen%2C+A.&rft.au=Stiller%2C+M.&rft.au=Schubert%2C+M.&rft.au=Cappellini%2C+E.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WeinstockMolecularPerspective-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WeinstockMolecularPerspective_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeinstock2005" class="citation journal cs1">Weinstock, J.; et al. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1159165">"Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLOS_Biology" title="PLOS Biology">PLOS Biology</a></i>. <b>3</b> (8): e241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030241">10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1159165">1159165</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15974804">15974804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=Evolution%2C+systematics%2C+and+phylogeography+of+Pleistocene+horses+in+the+New+World%3A+a+molecular+perspective&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e241&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1159165%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15974804&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030241&rft.aulast=Weinstock&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1159165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clut-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clut_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Clutton-Brook <i>A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals</i> 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albano-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Albano_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albano Beja-Pereira, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1096008">African Origins of the Domestic Donkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121128215553/http://www.sciencemag.org/content/304/5678/1781.citation">Archived</a> 2012-11-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rs-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rs_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birgitta Kimura, Fiona B. Marshall, Shanyuan Chen, Sónia Rosenbom, Patricia D. Moehlman, Noreen Tuross, Richard C. Sabin, Joris Peters, Barbara Barich, Hagos Yohannes, Fanuel Kebede, Redae Teclai, Albano Beja-Pereira, Connie J. Mulligan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2010.0708">Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>278</b> (1702). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2010.0708">10.1098/rspb.2010.0708</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMH-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMH_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMH_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMH_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Olsen, Sandra L. (1995) <i>Horses through time</i> Boulder, Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers for Carnegie Museum of Natural History. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57098-060-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57098-060-2">978-1-57098-060-2</a>. Cited at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imh.org/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=items&cid=192:breeds-of-the-world-by-continent&id=2148:donkey&Itemid=193">Donkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233043/http://imh.org/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=items&cid=192:breeds-of-the-world-by-continent&id=2148:donkey&Itemid=193">Archived</a> 2017-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> International Museum of the Horse. Retrieved February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fox_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207074414/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,336755,00.html">"Egyptian Tomb Holds First Known Domesticated Donkeys"</a>. Fox News Network. March 11, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,336755,00.html">the original</a> on 2011-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Tomb+Holds+First+Known+Domesticated+Donkeys&rft.pub=Fox+News+Network&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C336755%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roots-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roots_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roots_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roots, Clive (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGDYHvOHwmwC"><i>Domestication</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116180454/https://books.google.com/books?id=WGDYHvOHwmwC">Archived</a> 2016-11-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Westport: Greenwood Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33987-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33987-5">978-0-313-33987-5</a> p.179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burro-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-burro_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brookshier, Frank (1974) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJle0QsBItYC"><i>The Burro</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708225733/http://books.google.com/books?id=CJle0QsBItYC">Archived</a> 2014-07-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mon-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mon_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mon_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mon_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mon_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mon_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mon_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaltraud_KuglerHans-Peter_GrunenfelderElli_Broxham2008" class="citation book cs1">Waltraud Kugler; Hans-Peter Grunenfelder; Elli Broxham (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090902110918/http://www.save-foundation.net/pdf/donkey.pdf"><i>Donkey Breeds in Europe: Inventory, Description, Need for Action, Conservation; Report 2007/2008</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. St. Gallen, Switzerland: Monitoring Institute for Rare Breeds and Seeds in Europe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.save-foundation.net/pdf/donkey.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donkey+Breeds+in+Europe%3A+Inventory%2C+Description%2C+Need+for+Action%2C+Conservation%3B+Report+2007%2F2008&rft.place=St.+Gallen%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Monitoring+Institute+for+Rare+Breeds+and+Seeds+in+Europe&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Waltraud+Kugler&rft.au=Hans-Peter+Grunenfelder&rft.au=Elli+Broxham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.save-foundation.net%2Fpdf%2Fdonkey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeithead2017" class="citation news cs1">Leithead, Alastair (2017-10-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41524710">"Donkeys face 'biggest ever crisis'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208191020/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41524710">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Donkeys+face+%27biggest+ever+crisis%27&rft.date=2017-10-07&rft.aulast=Leithead&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-41524710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-starkey-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-starkey_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-starkey_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-starkey_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Starkey, Malcolm Starkey (1997). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030915140301/http://www.atnesa.org/donkeys/donkeys-starkey-populations.pdf">Regional and world trends in donkey populations</a>". Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa. Archived 15 September 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blench2000-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blench2000_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blench, R. 2000. <i>The History and Spread of Donkeys in Africa</i>. Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svend5-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-svend5_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Starkey (1997) "Donkey Work", in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.), <i>The Professional Handbook of the Donkey</i>, 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0">978-1-873580-37-0</a>. pp.183–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dad-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dad_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dad.fao.org/">"DAD-IS — Domestic Animal Diversity Information System"</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000302112706/http://dad.fao.org/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DAD-IS+%E2%80%94+Domestic+Animal+Diversity+Information+System&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdad.fao.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inra-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inra_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bérard, Laurence; Marie Cegarra; Marcel Djama; Sélim Louafi; Philippe Marchenay; Bernard Roussel; François Verdeaux (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodquality-origin.org/documents/BiodiversityTK_Iddri_2006EN.pdf">Biodiversity and Local Ecological Knowledge in France</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement; Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales; Institut Français de la Biodiversité. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-915819-06-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-915819-06-8">2-915819-06-8</a> p.109. Retrieved February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ds2006-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ds2006_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/">"Home"</a>. The Donkey Sanctuary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526100448/https://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=The+Donkey+Sanctuary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeithead2017" class="citation news cs1">Leithead, Alastair (7 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41524710">"Why are donkeys facing their 'biggest ever crisis'?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007000404/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41524710">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+are+donkeys+facing+their+%27biggest+ever+crisis%27%3F&rft.date=2017-10-07&rft.aulast=Leithead&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-41524710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurray2019" class="citation news cs1">Murray, Jessica (November 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/21/worlds-donkeys-being-decimated-by-demand-for-chinese-medicine">"World's donkeys being 'decimated' by demand for Chinese medicine"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127184023/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/21/worlds-donkeys-being-decimated-by-demand-for-chinese-medicine">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World%27s+donkeys+being+%27decimated%27+by+demand+for+Chinese+medicine&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fnov%2F21%2Fworlds-donkeys-being-decimated-by-demand-for-chinese-medicine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLesté-Lasserre2019" class="citation news cs1">Lesté-Lasserre, Christa (December 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/chinese-trade-hides-has-led-global-donkey-massacre">"Chinese trade in hides has led to global donkey massacre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112043455/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/12/chinese-trade-hides-has-led-global-donkey-massacre">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Chinese+trade+in+hides+has+led+to+global+donkey+massacre&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft.aulast=Lest%C3%A9-Lasserre&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fchinese-trade-hides-has-led-global-donkey-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsw-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsw_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donkeysocietynsw.org.au/donkey.htm">The Donkey - Description and Diagram</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025175506/http://donkeysocietynsw.org.au/donkey.htm">Archived</a> 2012-10-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Donkey Society of New South Wales. Retrieved February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svend3-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-svend3_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane French (1997) "Social Behaviour", in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.), <i>The Professional Handbook of the Donkey</i>, 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0">978-1-873580-37-0</a>. pp.127–165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canacoo-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canacoo_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEA_CanacooFK_Avornyo1998" class="citation journal cs1">EA Canacoo; FK Avornyo (1998). "Daytime activities of donkeys at range in the coastal savanna of Ghana". <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>. <b>60</b> (<span class="nowrap">2–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900167-1">10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00167-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.atitle=Daytime+activities+of+donkeys+at+range+in+the+coastal+savanna+of+Ghana&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E234&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900167-1&rft.au=EA+Canacoo&rft.au=FK+Avornyo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitehead-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitehead_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFG_WhiteheadJ_FrenchP_Ikin1991" class="citation journal cs1">G Whitehead; J French; P Ikin (1991). "Welfare and veterinary care of donkeys". <i>In Practice</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Practice&rft.atitle=Welfare+and+veterinary+care+of+donkeys&rft.date=1991&rft.au=G+Whitehead&rft.au=J+French&rft.au=P+Ikin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2009/wells_kels/Adapation.htm">"Adaption of Donkeys"</a>. <i>BioWeb</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522030558/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2009/wells_kels/Adapation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioWeb&rft.atitle=Adaption+of+Donkeys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioweb.uwlax.edu%2Fbio203%2Fs2009%2Fwells_kels%2FAdapation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150519002550/http://www.mikesdonkeys.co.uk/facts.html">"Donkey Facts"</a>. <i>Mike's Donkeys</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikesdonkeys.co.uk/facts.html">the original</a> on May 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mike%27s+Donkeys&rft.atitle=Donkey+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mikesdonkeys.co.uk%2Ffacts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lookalikecollage-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lookalikecollage_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNancy_Castle" class="citation web cs1">Nancy Castle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012141250/http://www.duncentralstation.com/Look-A-LikeCollages.html">"Look-A-Like Collages"</a>. <i>Dun Look-A-Likes</i>. Dun Central Station. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duncentralstation.com/Look-A-LikeCollages.html">the original</a> on October 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dun+Look-A-Likes&rft.atitle=Look-A-Like+Collages&rft.au=Nancy+Castle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duncentralstation.com%2FLook-A-LikeCollages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="About2022" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donkeybreedsociety.co.uk/about-donkeys/">"About Donkeys"</a>. Donkey Breed Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=About+Donkeys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donkeybreedsociety.co.uk%2Fabout-donkeys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sewell-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sewell_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150825135639/http://www.albertadonkeyandmule.com/pdfs/foaling-out-the-jennet.pdf">"Sewell, Sybil E. "Foaling out the Donkey Jennet", <i>Alberta Donkey and Mule.com</i>. Web page accessed March 4, 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertadonkeyandmule.com/pdfs/foaling-out-the-jennet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sewell%2C+Sybil+E.+%22Foaling+out+the+Donkey+Jennet%22%2C+Alberta+Donkey+and+Mule.com.+Web+page+accessed+March+4%2C+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albertadonkeyandmule.com%2Fpdfs%2Ffoaling-out-the-jennet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramshornstudio.com/donkeys.htm">"Twins and Donkeys"</a>. <i>Rams Horn Studio</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150126041837/http://www.ramshornstudio.com/donkeys.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rams+Horn+Studio&rft.atitle=Twins+and+Donkeys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramshornstudio.com%2Fdonkeys.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rachau-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rachau_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412031614/http://www.oregonvos.net/~jrachau/pregnant.htm">"Rachau, Jeanine A. "Gestation and Foaling of Donkeys"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonvos.net/~jrachau/pregnant.htm">the original</a> on 2009-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rachau%2C+Jeanine+A.+%22Gestation+and+Foaling+of+Donkeys%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonvos.net%2F~jrachau%2Fpregnant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812031458/http://www.abc.net.au/creaturefeatures/facts/donkeys.htm">"ABC.net.au"</a>. ABC.net.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/creaturefeatures/facts/donkeys.htm">the original</a> on 2010-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC.net.au&rft.pub=ABC.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fcreaturefeatures%2Ffacts%2Fdonkeys.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hartshorsemanship.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=controller.viewPageThoughtDetail&thoughtUuid=BE68EBFE-4063-C7B3-5EB13796296E636C">"Training Donkeys"</a>. <i>Harts Horsemanship</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601052023/http://www.hartshorsemanship.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=controller.viewPageThoughtDetail&thoughtUuid=BE68EBFE-4063-C7B3-5EB13796296E636C">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harts+Horsemanship&rft.atitle=Training+Donkeys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hartshorsemanship.com%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dcontroller.viewPageThoughtDetail%26thoughtUuid%3DBE68EBFE-4063-C7B3-5EB13796296E636C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld" class="citation web cs1">World, Livestock Of The. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202012903/http://www.livestockoftheworld.com/Donkeys/AboutDonkeys.asp">"About Donkeys | Breeds of Donkeys"</a>. <i>www.livestockoftheworld.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livestockoftheworld.com/Donkeys/AboutDonkeys.asp">the original</a> on February 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.livestockoftheworld.com&rft.atitle=About+Donkeys+%7C+Breeds+of+Donkeys&rft.aulast=World&rft.aufirst=Livestock+Of+The&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livestockoftheworld.com%2FDonkeys%2FAboutDonkeys.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pearson-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pearson_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearson, R.A.; E. Nengomasha; R. Krecek (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/agrotech/1912/R5926-challenges-pearson-donkeys.pdf">"The challenges in using donkeys for work in Africa"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121123092315/http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/agrotech/1912/R5926-challenges-pearson-donkeys.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-11-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in P. Starkey; P. Kaumbutho <i>Meeting the challenges of animal traction</i>. Resource book of the Animal Traction Network of Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aluja-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aluja_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aluja_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aluja, Aline S. de; Francisco López; Graciela Tapia Pérez (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/noticia/3456/ARTÍCULOS-OTRAS-ESPECIES-ARCHIVO/.html">Estimación del peso corporal en burros del Centro de México a partir de la circunferencia torácica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181107053944/https://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/noticia/3456/ART%C3%8DCULOS-OTRAS-ESPECIES-ARCHIVO/.html">Archived</a> 2018-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Spanish-language version of A. S. de Aluja, G. Tapia Pérez, F. López and R. A. Pearson "Live Weight Estimation of Donkeys in Central México from Measurement of Thoracic Circumference", <i>Tropical Animal Health and Production</i>, <b>37</b>, Supplement 1: 159–171, DOI 10.1007/s11250-005-9007-0)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifad-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ifad_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Bank,_Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations,_International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&q=donkeys+in+agriculture&pg=PA290"><i>Gender in agriculture sourcebook</i></a>. World Bank Publications. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8213-7587-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8213-7587-7"><bdi>978-0-8213-7587-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005353/https://books.google.com/books?id=XxBrq6hTs_UC&q=donkeys+in+agriculture&pg=PA290">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+in+agriculture+sourcebook&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=World+Bank+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8213-7587-7&rft.au=World+Bank%2C+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations%2C+International+Fund+for+Agricultural+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxBrq6hTs_UC%26q%3Ddonkeys%2Bin%2Bagriculture%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dohner-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dohner_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDohner,_Janet_Vorwald2007" class="citation book cs1">Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_rsPVUCdS04C&q=donkeys+in+agriculture&pg=PA188"><i>Livestock Guardians: Using Dogs, Donkeys and Llamas to Protect Your Herd</i></a>. Storey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58017-695-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58017-695-8"><bdi>978-1-58017-695-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005353/https://books.google.com/books?id=_rsPVUCdS04C&q=donkeys+in+agriculture&pg=PA188">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Livestock+Guardians%3A+Using+Dogs%2C+Donkeys+and+Llamas+to+Protect+Your+Herd&rft.pub=Storey+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58017-695-8&rft.au=Dohner%2C+Janet+Vorwald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_rsPVUCdS04C%26q%3Ddonkeys%2Bin%2Bagriculture%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ypte-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ypte_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726113728/http://www.ypte.org.uk/factsheet.php?id=72">"Donkeys"</a>. Young People's Trust for the Environment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ypte.org.uk/factsheet.php?id=72">the original</a> on 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donkeys&rft.pub=Young+People%27s+Trust+for+the+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ypte.org.uk%2Ffactsheet.php%3Fid%3D72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOntario2020" class="citation web cs1">Ontario (July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontario.ca/page/guidelines-using-donkeys-guard-animals-sheep">"Guidelines for using donkeys as guard animals with sheep"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+using+donkeys+as+guard+animals+with+sheep&rft.date=2020-07&rft.au=Ontario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontario.ca%2Fpage%2Fguidelines-using-donkeys-guard-animals-sheep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScastaStewartHutchinsonKoepke2024" class="citation journal cs1">Scasta, J.D.; Stewart, W.; Hutchinson, E.; Koepke, K.; de Mello Taveres Lima, P.; Laverell, D.M.; Kersh, A.; Stam, B. (July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sheepusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/SGRJ_V39_12-19_Scasta_7-24.pdf">"From Wild to Watchful: Integrating BLM Donkeys (Burros) for Sheep Ranch Protection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sheep & Goat Research Journal</i>. <b>39</b>: <span class="nowrap">12–</span>19 – via Sheep USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sheep+%26+Goat+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=From+Wild+to+Watchful%3A+Integrating+BLM+Donkeys+%28Burros%29+for+Sheep+Ranch+Protection&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2024-07&rft.aulast=Scasta&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+W.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+E.&rft.au=Koepke%2C+K.&rft.au=de+Mello+Taveres+Lima%2C+P.&rft.au=Laverell%2C+D.M.&rft.au=Kersh%2C+A.&rft.au=Stam%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheepusa.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F07%2FSGRJ_V39_12-19_Scasta_7-24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL">"FAOSTAT"</a>. <i>www.fao.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170521/http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fao.org&rft.atitle=FAOSTAT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-istat-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-istat_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agri.istat.it/sag_is_pdwout/jsp/dawinci.jsp?q=plAMR0000010000010000&an=2010&ig=1&ct=603&id=8A%7C10A%7C51A%7C71A">Tavola AMR13 – Bestiame macellato a carni rosse – (Gennaio – Dicembre) – Anno 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426080558/http://agri.istat.it/sag_is_pdwout/jsp/dawinci.jsp?q=plAMR0000010000010000&an=2010&ig=1&ct=603&id=8A%7C10A%7C51A%7C71A">Archived</a> 2012-04-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Italian) Istat — Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved December 2011. "Table AMR13: Livestock slaughtered for red meat, January–December 2010"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latte-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latte_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lattediasina.it/il-costo-del-latte-di-asina.html">"Il Prezzo Del Latte Di Asina"</a> (in Italian). 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110914045006/http://www.lattediasina.it/il-costo-del-latte-di-asina.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2011</span>. <q>The price of asses' milk</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+Prezzo+Del+Latte+Di+Asina&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lattediasina.it%2Fil-costo-del-latte-di-asina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKöhle2018" class="citation book cs1">Köhle, Natalie (2018-04-09). "Feasting on Donkey Skin". <i>China Story Yearbook 2017: Prosperity</i>. ANU Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2Fcsy.04.2018.05b">10.22459/csy.04.2018.05b</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-202-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-202-4"><bdi>978-1-76046-202-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feasting+on+Donkey+Skin&rft.btitle=China+Story+Yearbook+2017%3A+Prosperity&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2Fcsy.04.2018.05b&rft.isbn=978-1-76046-202-4&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6hle&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anzac-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anzac_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anzacs.net/Simpson.htm">Simpson and his donkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140724021014/http://www.anzacs.net/Simpson.htm">Archived</a> 2014-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nzh-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nzh_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10640081">Anzac Heirs: A selfless lifetime of service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117070836/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10640081">Archived</a> 2012-11-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i>, 22 April 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vespa-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vespa_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFort2005" class="citation book cs1">Fort, Matthew (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eatingupitalyvoy0000fort"><i>Eating Up Italy: Voyages on a Vespa</i></a>. HarperPerennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-721481-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-721481-5"><bdi>978-0-00-721481-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eating+Up+Italy%3A+Voyages+on+a+Vespa&rft.pub=HarperPerennial&rft.date=2005-06&rft.isbn=978-0-00-721481-5&rft.aulast=Fort&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Featingupitalyvoy0000fort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evans-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evans_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans,_Michael2009" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, Michael (April 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519061858/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6194874.ece">"Donkey 'suicide' bombing is latest tactic against patrols"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6194874.ece">the original</a> on May 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Donkey+%27suicide%27+bombing+is+latest+tactic+against+patrols&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft.au=Evans%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Farticle6194874.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boaz-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boaz_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGanor,_Boaz1991" class="citation web cs1">Ganor, Boaz (November 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/jl/saa26.htm">"Syria and Terrorism"</a>. <i>Survey of Arab Affairs</i>. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608014511/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/saa26.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+Arab+Affairs&rft.atitle=Syria+and+Terrorism&rft.date=1991-11-15&rft.au=Ganor%2C+Boaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org%2Fjl%2Fsaa26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoh" class="citation news cs1">Loh, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-russia-donkeys-military-transport-ammo-logistics-2025-2">"Russian troops are turning to donkeys for battlefield transport as the war approaches its 3-year mark"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Russian+troops+are+turning+to+donkeys+for+battlefield+transport+as+the+war+approaches+its+3-year+mark&rft.aulast=Loh&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fukraine-war-russia-donkeys-military-transport-ammo-logistics-2025-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/donkeys-russia-army-ukraine-ammo-b2695926.html">"Russia forced to use donkeys to bring ammunition to troops in Ukraine"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 11 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Russia+forced+to+use+donkeys+to+bring+ammunition+to+troops+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2025-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fdonkeys-russia-army-ukraine-ammo-b2695926.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svend2-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-svend2_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-svend2_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiona Taylor (1997) "Nutrition", in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.), <i>The Professional Handbook of the Donkey</i>, 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0">978-1-873580-37-0</a>. pp.93–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith2008-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith2008_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, David; Stephanie Wood (2008) "Donkey Nutrition", in Elisabeth Svendsen; James Duncan; David Hadrill <i>The Professional Handbook of the Donkey</i>, 4th edition. Yatesbury: Whittet Books. p.10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2005-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wood2005_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S Wood, D Smith and C Morris. "Seasonal variation of digestible energy requirements of mature donkeys in the UK". <i>Proceedings Equine Nutrition Conference</i>. Hanover, Germany. 1–2 October 2005: page 39-40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penn-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Penn_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/uc099.pdf">Hall, Marvin H. and Patricia M. Comerford. "Pasture and Hay for Horses – Argonomy facts 32", 1992 University of Pennsylvania, Cooperative Extension Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010200000/http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/uc099.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-10-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Web site accessed February 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svendsen-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-svendsen_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elisabeth Svendsen (editor) (1997) <i>The Professional Handbook of the Donkey</i>, 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0">978-1-873580-37-0</a>. p.208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmithPearson2005" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, DG; Pearson, RA (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/256375/1/Survival_strategies_of_donkeys_in_semi_1.pdf">"A review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Trop Anim Health Prod</i>. <b>37</b> (Suppl 1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11250-005-9002-5">10.1007/s11250-005-9002-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16335068">16335068</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20777559">20777559</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729234750/https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/256375/1/Survival_strategies_of_donkeys_in_semi_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trop+Anim+Health+Prod&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+factors+affecting+the+survival+of+donkeys+in+semi-arid+regions+of+sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20777559%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16335068&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11250-005-9002-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=DG&rft.au=Pearson%2C+RA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnapier-surface.worktribe.com%2F256375%2F1%2FSurvival_strategies_of_donkeys_in_semi_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanct-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sanct_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanct_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/files/donkeys/FeedingDonkey_0.pdf">What should you feed your donkeys? </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111118063740/http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/files/donkeys/FeedingDonkey_0.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-11-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Donkey Sanctuary, 2010. Retrieved February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aganga, A.A., et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063807/http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd12/2/agan122.htm">"Feeding donkeys"</a> <i>Livestock Research for Rural Development</i> 12 (2) 2000. Department of Animal Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture. Web site accessed July 4, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071119104524/http://www.dengie.com/pages/feeding-horses/nutritional-advice/feeding-your-donkey.php">"Feeding Your Donkey"</a> Web site accessed July 4, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burden2009-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burden2009_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurdenGallagherThiemannTrawford2008" class="citation journal cs1">Burden, F. A.; Gallagher, J.; Thiemann, A. K.; Trawford, A. F. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1751731108003480">"Necropsy survey of gastric ulcers in a population of aged donkeys: prevalence, lesion description and risk factors"</a>. <i>Animal</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">287–</span>293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1751731108003480">10.1017/S1751731108003480</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22444232">22444232</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13800072">13800072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal&rft.atitle=Necropsy+survey+of+gastric+ulcers+in+a+population+of+aged+donkeys%3A+prevalence%2C+lesion+description+and+risk+factors&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E287-%3C%2Fspan%3E293&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13800072%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22444232&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1751731108003480&rft.aulast=Burden&rft.aufirst=F.+A.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+J.&rft.au=Thiemann%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Trawford%2C+A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS1751731108003480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svend4-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-svend4_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elisabeth Svendsen (1997) "Donkeys Abroad", in Elisabeth Svendsen (ed.), <i>The Professional Handbook of the Donkey</i>, 3rd edition. London: Whittet Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873580-37-0">978-1-873580-37-0</a>. pp.166–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feral-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-feral_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucas-Zenk,_Carolyn2011" class="citation journal cs1">Lucas-Zenk, Carolyn (August 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westhawaiitoday.com/sections/news/local-news/when-donkeys-fly.html">"When Donkeys Fly"</a>. <i>West Hawaii Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516044022/http://www.westhawaiitoday.com/sections/news/local-news/when-donkeys-fly.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+Hawaii+Today&rft.atitle=When+Donkeys+Fly&rft.date=2011-08-21&rft.au=Lucas-Zenk%2C+Carolyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westhawaiitoday.com%2Fsections%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fwhen-donkeys-fly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimsRodríguez2024" class="citation news cs1">Sims, Shannon; Rodríguez, Erika P. (2024-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/02/travel/st-john-caribbean-usvi.html">"Chilling Out in Coral Bay, Where Even Flip-Flops Are Optional"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chilling+Out+in+Coral+Bay%2C+Where+Even+Flip-Flops+Are+Optional&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft.au=Rodr%C3%ADguez%2C+Erika+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F12%2F02%2Ftravel%2Fst-john-caribbean-usvi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islandrootscharters.com/charter-blog/virgin-islands-animals-donkeys-hermit-crabs-birds-bats-iguanas">"Virgin Islands Animals: Donkeys, Hermit Crabs, Birds, Bats, Iguanas"</a>. <i>Island Roots Boat Charters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Island+Roots+Boat+Charters&rft.atitle=Virgin+Islands+Animals%3A+Donkeys%2C+Hermit+Crabs%2C+Birds%2C+Bats%2C+Iguanas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islandrootscharters.com%2Fcharter-blog%2Fvirgin-islands-animals-donkeys-hermit-crabs-birds-bats-iguanas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsofstjohn.com/a-message-from-the-donkeys-of-st-john/">"A Message From The Donkeys of St. John | News of St. John"</a>. <i>newsofstjohn.com</i>. 2023-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newsofstjohn.com&rft.atitle=A+Message+From+The+Donkeys+of+St.+John+%7C+News+of+St.+John&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsofstjohn.com%2Fa-message-from-the-donkeys-of-st-john%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aus-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aus_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603013209/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/feral-horse.pdf">"Feral horse (<i>Equus caballus</i>) and feral donkey (<i>Equus asinus</i>)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Australian Government: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/feral-horse.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feral+horse+%28Equus+caballus%29+and+feral+donkey+%28Equus+asinus%29&rft.pub=Australian+Government%3A+Department+of+Sustainability%2C+Environment%2C+Water%2C+Population+and+Communities&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fbiodiversity%2Finvasive%2Fpublications%2Fpubs%2Fferal-horse.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennettWeberBendhaferChaplot2022" class="citation journal cs1">Bennett, E. Andrew; Weber, Jill; Bendhafer, Wejden; Chaplot, Sophie; Peters, Joris; Schwartz, Glenn M.; Grange, Thierry; Geigl, Eva-Maria (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8759742">"The genetic identity of the earliest human-made hybrid animals, the kungas of Syro-Mesopotamia"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>8</b> (2): eabm0218. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022SciA....8..218B">2022SciA....8..218B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abm0218">10.1126/sciadv.abm0218</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8759742">8759742</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35030024">35030024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245963400">245963400</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=The+genetic+identity+of+the+earliest+human-made+hybrid+animals%2C+the+kungas+of+Syro-Mesopotamia&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=eabm0218&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8759742%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245963400%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022SciA....8..218B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35030024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abm0218&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=E.+Andrew&rft.au=Weber%2C+Jill&rft.au=Bendhafer%2C+Wejden&rft.au=Chaplot%2C+Sophie&rft.au=Peters%2C+Joris&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Glenn+M.&rft.au=Grange%2C+Thierry&rft.au=Geigl%2C+Eva-Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8759742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiBarringerBarbash2009" class="citation journal cs1">Li, X. C.; Barringer, B. C.; Barbash, D. A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fhdy.2008.84">"The pachytene checkpoint and its relationship to evolutionary patterns of polyploidization and hybrid sterility"</a>. <i>Heredity</i>. <b>102</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">24–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Hered.102...24L">2009Hered.102...24L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fhdy.2008.84">10.1038/hdy.2008.84</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18766201">18766201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2176510">2176510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=The+pachytene+checkpoint+and+its+relationship+to+evolutionary+patterns+of+polyploidization+and+hybrid+sterility&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fhdy.2008.84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2176510%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18766201&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Hered.102...24L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=X.+C.&rft.au=Barringer%2C+B.+C.&rft.au=Barbash%2C+D.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fhdy.2008.84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zorse-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zorse_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovelongears.com/zorse.html">"American Donkey and Mule Society: Zebra Hybrids"</a>. Lovelongears.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100420013132/http://www.lovelongears.com/zorse.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Donkey+and+Mule+Society%3A+Zebra+Hybrids&rft.pub=Lovelongears.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovelongears.com%2Fzorse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zedonk-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zedonk_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027124229/http://www.geocities.com/zedonknzorse/allabout.html">"All About Zebra Hybrids"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/zedonknzorse/allabout.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+Zebra+Hybrids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fzedonknzorse%2Fallabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/donkey" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:donkey"><i>donkey</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bray" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bray"><i>bray</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Equus_asinus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Equus asinus">Equus asinus</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Perissodactyla_(Odd-toed_ungulates)_species_by_suborder349" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Perissodactyla" title="Template:Perissodactyla"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Perissodactyla" title="Template talk:Perissodactyla"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Perissodactyla" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Perissodactyla"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Perissodactyla_(Odd-toed_ungulates)_species_by_suborder349" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Perissodactyla" title="Perissodactyla">Perissodactyla <small>(Odd-toed ungulates)</small></a> species by suborder</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Hippomorpha172"><b><a href="/wiki/Hippomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippomorpha">Hippomorpha</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Equidae" title="Equidae">Equidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Horse family)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Equus(including_Zebras)181" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Equus_(genus)" title="Equus (genus)">Equus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(including <a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">Zebras</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u>Subgenus <i><a href="/wiki/Equus_(subgenus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equus (subgenus)">Equus</a></i></u>: <a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">Wild horse (<i>E. ferus</i>)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Przewalski%27s_horse" title="Przewalski's horse">Przewalski's horse (<i>E. f. przewalskii</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Domestic horse (<i>E. caballus</i>)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><u>Subgenus <i><a href="/wiki/Asinus" title="Asinus">Asinus</a></i></u>: <a href="/wiki/African_wild_ass" title="African wild ass">African wild ass (<i>E. africanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donkey (<i>E. asinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Onager (<i>E. hemionus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiang" title="Kiang">Kiang (<i>E. kiang</i>)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><u>Subgenus <i><a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">Hippotigris</a></i></u>: <a href="/wiki/Plains_zebra" title="Plains zebra">Plains zebra (<i>E. quagga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_zebra" title="Mountain zebra">Mountain zebra (<i>E. zebra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9vy%27s_zebra" title="Grévy's zebra">Grévy's zebra (<i>E. grevyi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Ceratomorpha339"><b><a href="/wiki/Ceratomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratomorpha">Ceratomorpha</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">Rhinocerotidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Rhinoceroses)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(genus)" title="Rhinoceros (genus)">Rhinoceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rhinoceros" title="Indian rhinoceros">Indian rhinoceros (<i>R. unicornis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_rhinoceros" title="Javan rhinoceros">Javan rhinoceros (<i>R. sondaicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dicerorhinus" title="Dicerorhinus">Dicerorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_rhinoceros" title="Sumatran rhinoceros">Sumatran rhinoceros (<i>D. sumatrensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratotherium" title="Ceratotherium">Ceratotherium</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_rhinoceros" title="White rhinoceros">White rhinoceros (<i>C. simum</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Diceros" title="Diceros">Diceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_rhinoceros" title="Black rhinoceros">Black rhinoceros (<i>D. bicornis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tapir" title="Tapir">Tapiridae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Tapirs)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tapirus15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tapirus" title="Tapirus">Tapirus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baird%27s_tapir" title="Baird's tapir">Baird's tapir (<i>T. bairdii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_tapir" title="Mountain tapir">Mountain tapir (<i>T. pinchaque</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_tapir" title="South American tapir">South American tapir (<i>T. terrestris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_tapir" title="Malayan tapir">Malayan tapir (<i>T. indicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Perissodactyla" title="Category:Perissodactyla">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Species_of_the_genus_Equus256" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Equus" title="Template:Equus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Equus" title="Template talk:Equus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Equus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Equus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Species_of_the_genus_Equus256" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Species of the genus <a href="/wiki/Equus_(genus)" title="Equus (genus)"><i>Equus</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="color:#606060; font-size:smaller"><div>Extinct species are marked <i>†</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asinus" title="Asinus">Asses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/African_wild_ass" title="African wild ass">African wild ass<br />(<i>Equus africanus</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_wild_ass" title="Nubian wild ass">Nubian wild ass (<i>Equus africanus africanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donkey (<i>Equus africanus asinus</i>)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Atlas_wild_ass" title="Atlas wild ass">Atlas wild ass (<i>Equus africanus atlanticus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_wild_ass" title="Somali wild ass">Somali wild ass (<i>Equus africanus somaliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Onager / Asiatic wild ass<br />(<i>Equus hemionus</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wild_ass" title="Mongolian wild ass">Mongolian wild ass (<i>Equus hemionus hemionus</i>)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Syrian_wild_ass" title="Syrian wild ass">Syrian wild ass (<i>Equus hemionus hemippus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wild_ass" title="Indian wild ass">Indian wild ass (<i>Equus hemionus khur</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenian_kulan" title="Turkmenian kulan">Turkmenian kulan (<i>Equus hemionus kulan</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_onager" title="Persian onager">Persian onager (<i>Equus hemionus onager</i>)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/European_wild_ass" title="European wild ass">European wild ass (<i>Equus hemionus hydruntinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Kiang" title="Kiang">Kiang/Tibetan wild ass<br />(<i>Equus kiang</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_kiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Western kiang">Western kiang (<i>Equus kiang kiang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_kiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern kiang">Northern kiang (<i>Equus kiang chu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_kiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern kiang">Eastern kiang (<i>Equus kiang holdereri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_kiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern kiang">Southern kiang (<i>Equus kiang polyodon</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wild_horse_(Equus_ferus)43" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">Wild horse (<i>Equus ferus</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Tarpan" title="Tarpan">Tarpan (<i>Equus ferus ferus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przewalski%27s_horse" title="Przewalski's horse">Przewalski's horse (<i>Equus ferus przewalskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zebras" class="mw-redirect" title="Zebras">Zebras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Plains_zebra" title="Plains zebra">Plains zebra (<i>Equus quagga</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Quagga" title="Quagga">Quagga (<i>Equus quagga quagga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchell%27s_zebra" title="Burchell's zebra">Burchell's zebra (<i>Equus quagga burchellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant%27s_zebra" title="Grant's zebra">Grant's zebra (<i>Equus quagga boehmi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneless_zebra" title="Maneless zebra">Maneless zebra (<i>Equus quagga borensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman%27s_zebra" title="Chapman's zebra">Chapman's zebra (<i>Equus quagga chapmani</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawshay%27s_zebra" title="Crawshay's zebra">Crawshay's zebra (<i>Equus quagga crawshayi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27_zebra" title="Selous' zebra">Selous' zebra (<i>Equus quagga selousi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_zebra" title="Mountain zebra">Mountain zebra (<i>Equus zebra</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_mountain_zebra" title="Cape mountain zebra">Cape mountain zebra (<i>Equus zebra zebra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmann%27s_mountain_zebra" title="Hartmann's mountain zebra">Hartmann's mountain zebra (<i>Equus zebra hartmannae</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#efefff;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9vy%27s_zebra" title="Grévy's zebra">Grévy's zebra (<i>Equus grevy</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9vy%27s_zebra" title="Grévy's zebra">Grévy's zebra (<i>Equus grevy</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinny" title="Hinny">Hinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunga_(equid)" title="Kunga (equid)">Kunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">Mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebroid" title="Zebroid">Zebroid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric<br /><i>Equus</i> species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_alaskae" title="Equus alaskae">Equus alaskae</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_andium" class="mw-redirect" title="Equus andium">Equus andium</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_capensis" title="Equus capensis">Giant Cape zebra (<i>Equus capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_cedralensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus cedralensis (page does not exist)">Equus cedralensis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_complicatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus complicatus (page does not exist)">Equus complicatus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_conversidens" title="Equus conversidens">Equus conversidens</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_crinidens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus crinidens (page does not exist)">Equus crinidens</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_cumminsii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus cumminsii (page does not exist)">Equus cumminsii</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_dalianensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus dalianensis (page does not exist)">Equus dalianensis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_excelsus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus excelsus (page does not exist)">Equus excelsus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_fraternus" title="Equus fraternus">Equus fraternus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_gallicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Equus gallicus">Equus gallicus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_giganteus" title="Equus giganteus">Equus giganteus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_lambei" title="Equus lambei">Equus lambei</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_latipes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus latipes (page does not exist)">Equus latipes</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_lenensis" title="Equus lenensis">Equus lenensis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_mauritanicus" title="Equus mauritanicus">Equus mauritanicus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_mexicanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus mexicanus (page does not exist)">Equus mexicanus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_namadicus" title="Equus namadicus">Equus namadicus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_niobrarensis" title="Equus niobrarensis">Equus niobrarensis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_occidentalis" title="Equus occidentalis">Equus occidentalis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_pacificus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus pacificus (page does not exist)">Equus pacificus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_parastylidens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus parastylidens (page does not exist)">Equus parastylidens</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_pectinatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus pectinatus (page does not exist)">Equus pectinatus</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Hagerman_horse" title="Hagerman horse">Hagerman horse (<i>Equus simplicidens</i>)</a></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_semiplicatus" title="Equus semiplicatus">Equus semiplicatus</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_scotti" title="Equus scotti">Equus scotti</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_sivalensis" title="Equus sivalensis">Equus sivalensis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Equus_stenonis" title="Equus stenonis">Equus stenonis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_uralensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus uralensis (page does not exist)">Equus uralensis</a></i></li> <li><i>†<a href="/wiki/Equus_yunnanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Equus yunnanensis">Equus yunnanensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equidae" title="Equidae">Equidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse" title="Evolution of the horse">Evolution of the horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">Wild horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Working_animals142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Working_animals" title="Template:Working animals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Working_animals" title="Template talk:Working animals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Working_animals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Working animals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Working_animals142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistance_dog" title="Assistance dog">Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detection_dog" title="Detection dog">Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_dog" title="Drafting dog">Drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_dog" title="Guard dog">Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_dog" title="Guide dog">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_guardian_dog" title="Livestock guardian dog">Livestock guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_dog" title="Mercy dog">Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_working_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Military working dog">Military working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_dog" title="Police dog">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue_dog" title="Search and rescue dog">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled_dog" title="Sled dog">Sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy_dog" title="Therapy dog">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">Working</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Toledo_man_oxen_3c08654v_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_horse" title="Guide horse">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_horse" title="Municipal horse">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packhorse" title="Packhorse">Packhorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_pony" title="Pit pony">Pit pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_horse" title="Riding horse">Riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_horse" title="Stock horse">Stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_cattle" title="Bali cattle">Bali cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">Mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">Ox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle_hog" title="Truffle hog">Truffle hog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Water buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_rat" title="Working rat">Working rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_animals" title="Human uses of animals">Human uses of animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_vertebrates" title="Domestication of vertebrates">Domestication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_domesticated_animals" title="List of domesticated animals">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_animal" title="Military animal">Military animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">Pack animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_animal" title="Service animal">Service animal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Working_animals" title="Category:Working animals">Category:Working animals</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Working_animals" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Working animals">Commons images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnhorse_stallion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/21px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/32px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Finnhorse_stallion.jpg/42px-Finnhorse_stallion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Horses" title="Portal:Horses">Horses</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/21px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/42px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/40px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/60px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals">Animals</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/21px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/42px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="grain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/20px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/40px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Equus africanus asinus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19707" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q19707">Q19707</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id503178">503178</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/EQUUAA">EQUUAA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9103830">9103830</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=639">639</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=926235">926235</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/b6a4287c-cfd0-48db-85fe-eea114355cf8">b6a4287c-cfd0-48db-85fe-eea114355cf8</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Equus asinus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829417" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q19829417">Q19829417</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Equus_asinus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Equus asinus">Equus asinus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Equus_asinus/">Equus_asinus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Equus_%28Asinus%29_asinus">Equus_(Asinus)_asinus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=27255">27255</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2440891">2440891</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/148030">148030</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10199008">10199008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/84021">84021</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180690">180690</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006121">1006121</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105962/">2.105962</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0020975282">NHMSYS0020975282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9793">9793</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/83392/">83392</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1068202">1068202</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104269">104269</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=6611">6611</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19707#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata724" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19707#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata724" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19707#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="osli"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph548963&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041558">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donkey&oldid=1281496670">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donkey&oldid=1281496670</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Domesticated_animals" title="Category:Domesticated animals">Domesticated animals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Donkeys" title="Category:Donkeys">Donkeys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African_wild_ass" title="Category:African wild ass">African wild ass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mammals_as_pets" title="Category:Mammals as pets">Mammals as pets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mammals_described_in_1758" title="Category:Mammals described in 1758">Mammals described in 1758</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pack_animals" title="Category:Pack animals">Pack animals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subspecies" title="Category:Subspecies">Subspecies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus" title="Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus">Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2016">Articles with dead external links from December 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_multiple_manual_Wikidata_items" title="Category:Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items">Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 March 2025, at 18:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donkey&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Donkey</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>162 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-dfqhg","wgBackendResponseTime":250,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.750","walltime":"2.318","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20693,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":254350,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13906,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":40,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":308788,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":23,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2062.688 1 -total"," 26.06% 537.519 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.49% 443.210 1 Template:Subspeciesbox"," 21.33% 439.919 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 12.59% 259.647 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 7.28% 150.244 24 Template:Cite_web"," 7.21% 148.789 11 Template:Navbox"," 5.00% 103.104 1 Template:Perissodactyla"," 4.84% 99.761 1 Template:Other_uses"," 4.77% 98.412 8 Template:R"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.092","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12389386,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","220","18.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","11.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","100","8.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","8.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","6.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","60","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::incrementExpensiveFunctionCount","40","3.4"],["(for generator)","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.4"],["[others]","280","23.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-65bf7dbd64-kq69k","timestamp":"20250325193117","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Donkey","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donkey","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19707","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19707","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-08T13:34:00Z","dateModified":"2025-03-20T18:47:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1a\/Donkey_in_Clovelly%2C_North_Devon%2C_England.jpg","headline":"subspecies of mammal (donkey as a domesticated subspecies)"}</script> </body> </html>