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It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/esther/3-12.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/18/17_Est_03_12.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Esther 3:12 - Haman Plots Against the Jews" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. 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They wrote out in the script of each province and in the language of each people all Haman&#8217s orders to the king&#8217s satraps, the governors of the various provinces and the nobles of the various peoples. These were written in the name of King Xerxes himself and sealed with his own ring. <a href="/nlt/esther/3.htm">New Living Translation</a> So on April 17 the king’s secretaries were summoned, and a decree was written exactly as Haman dictated. It was sent to the king’s highest officers, the governors of the respective provinces, and the nobles of each province in their own scripts and languages. The decree was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/esv/esther/3.htm">English Standard Version</a> Then the king’s scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and an edict, according to all that Haman commanded, was written to the king’s satraps and to the governors over all the provinces and to the officials of all the peoples, to every province in its own script and every people in its own language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/bsb/esther/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring. <a href="/kjv/esther/3.htm">King James Bible</a> Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/nkjv/esther/3.htm">New King James Version</a> Then the king’s scribes were called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and a decree was written according to all that Haman commanded—to the king’s satraps, to the governors who were over each province, to the officials of all people, to every province according to its script, and to every people in their language. In the name of King Ahasuerus it was written, and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/nasb_/esther/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> Then the king’s scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and it was written just as Haman commanded to the king’s satraps, to the governors who were over each province and to the officials of each people, each province according to its script, each people according to its language, being written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/nasb/esther/3.htm">NASB 1995</a> Then the king&#8217s scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and it was written just as Haman commanded to the king&#8217s satraps, to the governors who were over each province and to the princes of each people, each province according to its script, each people according to its language, being written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king&#8217s signet ring. <a href="/nasb77/esther/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a> Then the king’s scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and it was written just as Haman commanded to the king’s satraps, to the governors who were over each province, and to the princes of each people, each province according to its script, each people according to its language, being written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/lsb/esther/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> Then the king’s scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and it was written just as Haman commanded to the king’s satraps, to the governors who were over each province, and to the princes of each people, each province according to its script, each people according to its tongue, being written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/amp/esther/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Then the king’s scribes (secretaries) were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and it was written just as Haman commanded to the king’s satraps (chief rulers), and to the governors who were over each province and to the officials of each people, each province according to its script (writing), each people according to their own language; being written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s signet ring. <a href="/csb/esther/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> The royal scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded. It was intended for the royal satraps, the governors of each of the provinces, and the officials of each ethnic group and written for each province in its own script and to each ethnic group in its own language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the royal signet ring. <a href="/hcsb/esther/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> The royal scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded. It was intended for the royal satraps, the governors of each of the provinces, and the officials of each ethnic group and written for each province in its own script and to each ethnic group in its own language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the royal signet ring. <a href="/asv/esther/3.htm">American Standard Version</a> Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof; and there was written according to all that Haman commanded unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people, to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/cev/esther/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> On the thirteenth day of Nisan, Haman called in the king's secretaries and ordered them to write letters in every language used in the kingdom. The letters were written in the name of the king and sealed by using the king's own ring. At once they were sent to the king's highest officials, the governors of each province, and the leaders of the different nations in the kingdom of Xerxes. <a href="/erv/esther/3.htm">English Revised Version</a> Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written according to all that Haman commanded unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/gwt/esther/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> On the thirteenth day of the first month the king's scribes were summoned. All Haman's orders were written to the king's satraps, the governors of every province, and the officials of every people. They wrote to each province in its own script and to the people in each province in their own language. The orders were signed in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/gnt/esther/3.htm">Good News Translation</a> So on the thirteenth day of the first month Haman called the king's secretaries and dictated a proclamation to be translated into every language and system of writing used in the empire and to be sent to all the rulers, governors, and officials. It was issued in the name of King Xerxes and stamped with his ring. <a href="/isv/esther/3.htm">International Standard Version</a> The king's scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and all that Haman commanded was written to the regional authorities of the king, to the governors who were over each province, and to the officials of each people. This order was translated in the name of King Ahasuerus into the language of each province and bore the seal of the king's signet ring. <a href="/net/esther/3.htm">NET Bible</a> So the royal scribes were summoned in the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month. Everything Haman commanded was written to the king's satraps and governors who were in every province and to the officials of every people, province by province according to its script and people by people according to its language. In the name of King Ahasuerus it was written and sealed with the king's signet ring. <a href="/nheb/esther/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> Then the king's scribes were called in on the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month; and all that Haman commanded was written to the king's satraps, and to the governors who were over every province, and to the officials of every people, to every province according its writing, and to every people in their language. It was written in the name of King Achshayarsh, and it was sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/wbt/esther/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded to the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province, according to the writing of it, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.<div class="vheading2">Majority Text Translations</div><a href="/msb/esther/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> On the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring. <a href="/web/esther/3.htm">World English Bible</a> Then the king’s scribes were called in on the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month; and all that Haman commanded was written to the king’s local governors, and to the governors who were over every province, and to the princes of every people, to every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus, and it was sealed with the king’s ring. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/esther/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And scribes of the king are called, on the first month, on the thirteenth day of it, and it is written according to all that Haman has commanded, to lieutenants of the king, and to the governors who [are] over province and province, and to the heads of people and people, province and province, according to its writing, and people and people according to its tongue, in the name of King Ahasuerus it has been written and sealed with the signet of the king, <a href="/ylt/esther/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And scribes of the king are called, on the first month, on the thirteenth day of it, and it is written according to all that Haman hath commanded, unto lieutenants of the king, and unto the governors who are over province and province, and unto the heads of people and people, province and province, according to its writing, and people and people according to its tongue, in the name of the king Ahasuerus it hath been written and sealed with the signet of the king, <a href="/slt/esther/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And the king's scribes will be called in the first month, in the thirteenth day in it, and it will be written according to all that Haman commanded to the king's satraps and to the prefects, which were over province and province, and to the chiefs of people and people of province and province, according to its writing, and people and people according to their tongue; in the name of king Ahasuerus it was written, and sealed with the king's signet ring.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/esther/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And the king's scribes were called in the first month Nisan, on the thirteenth day of the same month: and they wrote, as Aman had commanded, to all the king's lieutenants, and to the judges of the provinces, and of divers nations, as every nation could read, and hear according to their different languages, in the name of king Assuerus: and the letters, sealed with his ring, <a href="/cpdv/esther/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> <V 5:12>And the scribes of the king were summoned, in the first month Nisan, on the thirteenth day of the same month. And it was written, as Haman had commanded, to all the king’s governors, and to the judges of the provinces, and to various peoples, so that each people could read and hear according to their various languages, in the name of king Artaxerxes. And the letters were sealed with his ring. <a href="/nabre/esther/3.htm">New American Bible</a> So the royal scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and they wrote, at the dictation of Haman, an order to the royal satraps, the governors of every province, and the officials of every people, to each province in its own script and to each people in its own language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the royal signet ring. <a href="/nrsvce/esther/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Then the king’s secretaries were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and an edict, according to all that Haman commanded, was written to the king’s satraps and to the governors over all the provinces and to the officials of all the peoples, to every province in its own script and every people in its own language; it was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s ring.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/esther/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> Then the king's scribe was called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded to the king's commanders and to the governors that were over every province and to the princes of every people of every province according to the writing thereof and to every people according to their language; in the name of King Akhshirash it was written and sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/hpbt/esther/3.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And the Scribe of the King was called on that day in the first month, on the thirteenth of the month, everything was written that Haman commanded the Generals of the army of the King, and the Lords who were in every city and province and the Princes of the peoples, each city according to its writing, and a people according to its language. It was written in the name of King Akhashiresh, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the King.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/esther/3.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written, according to all that Haman commanded, unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king's ring. <a href="/sep/esther/3.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> So the king's recorders were called in the first month, on the thirteenth day, and they wrote as Aman commanded to the captains and governors in every province, from India even to Ethiopia, to a hundred and twenty-seven provinces; and to the rulers of the nations according to their several languages, in the name of king Artaxerxes. <a href="/parallel/esther/3-12.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TRosJDhNG-8?start=711" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/esther/3.htm">Haman Plots Against the Jews</a> …11“Keep your money,” said the king to Haman. “These people are given to you to do with them as you please.” 12<a href="/hebrew/7969.htm" title="7969: biš·lō·wō·šāh (Prep-b:: Number-ms) -- A three, triad. Or shalosh; masculine shlowshah; or shloshah; a primitive number; three; occasionally third, or Thrice.">On the thirteenth</a> <a href="/hebrew/6240.htm" title="6240: ‘ā·śār (Number-ms) -- Ten. For eser; ten, i.e. -teen; also -teenth."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3117.htm" title="3117: yō·wm (N-ms) -- Day. From an unused root meaning to be hot; a day, whether literal, or figurative.">day</a> <a href="/hebrew/bōw (Prep:: 3ms) -- "></a> <a href="/hebrew/7223.htm" title="7223: hā·ri·šō·wn (Art:: Adj-ms) -- Former, first, chief. Or riishon; from ri'shah; first, in place, time or rank.">of the first</a> <a href="/hebrew/2320.htm" title="2320: ba·ḥō·ḏeš (Prep-b, Art:: N-ms) -- New moon, a month. From chadash; the new moon; by implication, a month.">month,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·me·leḵ (Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">the royal</a> <a href="/hebrew/5613.htm" title="5613: sō·p̄ə·rê (N-mpc) -- A secretary, scribe. (Aramaic) from the same as cphar; a scribe (secular or sacred).">scribes</a> <a href="/hebrew/7121.htm" title="7121: way·yiq·qā·rə·’ū (Conj-w:: V-Nifal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To call, proclaim, read. A primitive root; to call out to.">were summoned</a> <a href="/hebrew/3789.htm" title="3789: way·yik·kā·ṯêḇ (Conj-w:: V-Nifal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To write. A primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write.">and the order was written</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: kə·ḵāl- (Prep-k:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">exactly as</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer- (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2001.htm" title="2001: hā·mān (N-proper-ms) -- Haman -- to rage, be turbulent. Of foreign derivation; Haman, a Persian vizier.">Haman</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el (Prep) -- To, into, towards. "></a> <a href="/hebrew/6680.htm" title="6680: ṣiw·wāh (V-Piel-Perf-3ms) -- To lay charge (upon), give charge (to), command, order. A primitive root; to constitute, enjoin.">commanded</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·me·leḵ (Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">the royal</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: wə·’el- (Conj-w:: Prep) -- To, into, towards. "></a> <a href="/hebrew/323.htm" title="323: ’ă·ḥaš·dar·pə·nê- (N-mpc) -- Satraps. Of Persian derivation; a satrap or governor of a main province.">satraps,</a> <a href="/hebrew/6346.htm" title="6346: hap·pa·ḥō·wṯ (Art:: N-mp) -- A governor. Of foreign origin; a prefect.">the governors</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications."></a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: mə·ḏî·nāh (N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region.">of each province,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: ū·mə·ḏî·nāh (Conj-w:: N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region."></a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: wə·’el- (Conj-w:: Prep) -- To, into, towards. "></a> <a href="/hebrew/8269.htm" title="8269: śā·rê (N-mpc) -- Chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince. From sarar; a head person.">and the officials</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: ‘am (N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock.">of each</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: wā·‘ām (Conj-w:: N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock.">people,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: mə·ḏî·nāh (N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3791.htm" title="3791: kiḵ·ṯā·ḇāh (Prep-k:: N-msc:: 3fs) -- A writing. From kathab; something written, i.e. A writing, record or book.">in the script</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: ū·mə·ḏî·nāh (Conj-w:: N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region.">of each province</a> <a href="/hebrew/3956.htm" title="3956: kil·šō·w·nōw (Prep-k:: N-csc:: 3ms) -- Tongue. Or lashon; also feminine lshonah; from lashan; the tongue, used literally, and figuratively.">and the language</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: wə·‘am (Conj-w:: N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: wā·‘ām (Conj-w:: N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock.">of every people.</a> <a href="/hebrew/3789.htm" title="3789: niḵ·tāḇ (V-Nifal-Prtcpl-ms) -- To write. A primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write.">It was written</a> <a href="/hebrew/8034.htm" title="8034: bə·šêm (Prep-b:: N-msc) -- A primitive word; an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character.">in the name</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·me·leḵ (Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">of King</a> <a href="/hebrew/325.htm" title="325: ’ă·ḥaš·wê·rōš (N-proper-ms) -- King of Persia. Or pachashrosh; of Persian origin; Achashverosh, the title of a Persian king.">Xerxes</a> <a href="/hebrew/2856.htm" title="2856: wə·neḥ·tām (Conj-w:: V-Nifal-Prtcpl-ms) -- To seal, affix a seal, seal up. A primitive root; to close up; especially to seal.">and sealed</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·me·leḵ (Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">with the royal</a> <a href="/hebrew/2885.htm" title="2885: bə·ṭab·ba·‘aṯ (Prep-b:: N-fsc) -- Signet ring, ring, signet. From taba'; properly, a seal, i.e. Signet; hence a ring of any kind.">signet ring.</a> 13And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/daniel/6-8.htm">Daniel 6:8-9</a> Therefore, O king, establish the decree and sign the document so that it cannot be changed—in accordance with the law of the Medes and Persians, which cannot be repealed.” / Therefore King Darius signed the written decree. <a href="/ezra/4-8.htm">Ezra 4:8-11</a> Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote the letter against Jerusalem to King Artaxerxes as follows: / From Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their associates—the judges and officials over Tripolis, Persia, Erech and Babylon, the Elamites of Susa, / and the rest of the peoples whom the great and honorable Ashurbanipal deported and settled in the cities of Samaria and elsewhere west of the Euphrates. ... <a href="/nehemiah/6-6.htm">Nehemiah 6:6-7</a> that read: “It is reported among the nations—and Geshem agrees—that you and the Jews are plotting to revolt, and this is why you are building the wall. According to these reports, you are to become their king, / and you have even appointed prophets in Jerusalem to proclaim on your behalf: ‘There is a king in Judah.’ Soon these rumors will reach the ears of the king. So come, let us confer together.” <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8-10</a> Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. / In the letters she wrote: “Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people. / But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.” <a href="/2_chronicles/30-1.htm">2 Chronicles 30:1</a> Then Hezekiah sent word throughout all Israel and Judah, and he also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh inviting them to come to the house of the LORD in Jerusalem to keep the Passover of the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/jeremiah/36-10.htm">Jeremiah 36:10-12</a> From the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, which was in the upper courtyard at the opening of the New Gate of the house of the LORD, Baruch read from the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the hearing of all the people. / When Micaiah son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll, / he went down to the scribe’s chamber in the king’s palace, where all the officials were sitting: Elishama the scribe, Delaiah son of Shemaiah, Elnathan son of Achbor, Gemariah son of Shaphan, Zedekiah son of Hananiah, and all the other officials. <a href="/daniel/3-10.htm">Daniel 3:10-12</a> You, O king, have issued a decree that everyone who hears the sound of the horn, flute, zither, lyre, harp, pipes, and all kinds of music must fall down and worship the golden statue, / and that whoever does not fall down and worship will be thrown into the blazing fiery furnace. / But there are some Jews you have appointed to manage the province of Babylon—Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego—who have ignored you, O king, and have refused to serve your gods or worship the golden statue you have set up.” <a href="/2_kings/10-1.htm">2 Kings 10:1-2</a> Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the officials of Jezreel, to the elders, and to the guardians of the sons of Ahab, saying: / “When this letter arrives, since your master’s sons are with you and you have chariots and horses, a fortified city and weaponry, <a href="/acts/23-25.htm">Acts 23:25-30</a> And he wrote the following letter: / Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings. / This man was seized by the Jews, and they were about to kill him when I came with my troops to rescue him. For I had learned that he is a Roman citizen, ... <a href="/luke/2-1.htm">Luke 2:1</a> Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that a census should be taken of the whole empire. <a href="/acts/15-23.htm">Acts 15:23-29</a> and sent them with this letter: The apostles and the elders, your brothers, To the brothers among the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings. / It has come to our attention that some went out from us without our authorization and unsettled you, troubling your minds by what they said. / So we all agreed to choose men to send to you along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, ... <a href="/romans/13-1.htm">Romans 13:1-2</a> Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. / Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. <a href="/matthew/27-65.htm">Matthew 27:65-66</a> “You have a guard,” Pilate said. “Go, make the tomb as secure as you know how.” / So they went and secured the tomb by sealing the stone and posting the guard. <a href="/acts/25-26.htm">Acts 25:26-27</a> I have nothing definite to write to our sovereign about him. Therefore I have brought him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that after this inquiry I may have something to write. / For it seems unreasonable to me to send on a prisoner without specifying the charges against him.” <a href="/revelation/13-16.htm">Revelation 13:16-17</a> And the second beast required all people, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their forehead, / so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark—the name of the beast or the number of its name.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded to the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.Then were.<a href="/esther/8-9.htm">Esther 8:9-17</a> Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language… scribes.<a href="/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22</a> For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people.<a href="/esther/8-9.htm">Esther 8:9</a> Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.<a href="/esther/9-27.htm">Esther 9:27</a> The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all such as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail, that they would keep these two days according to their writing, and according to their appointed time every year;in the name.<a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">1 Kings 21:8</a> So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth.<a href="/daniel/6-8.htm">Daniel 6:8,12,15</a> Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not… sealed.<a href="/esther/8-2.htm">Esther 8:2,8,10</a> And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/esther/3-8.htm">Ahasuerus</a> <a href="/esther/3-2.htm">Commanded</a> <a href="/esther/3-7.htm">First</a> <a href="/esther/1-3.htm">Governors</a> <a href="/esther/3-11.htm">Haman</a> <a href="/esther/3-9.htm">King's</a> <a href="/nehemiah/13-24.htm">Language</a> <a href="/esther/3-7.htm">Month</a> <a href="/esther/3-1.htm">Princes</a> <a href="/esther/1-22.htm">Province</a> <a href="/esther/3-10.htm">Ring</a> <a href="/ezra/8-36.htm">Satraps</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/34-13.htm">Scribes</a> <a href="/nehemiah/10-1.htm">Sealed</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/25-20.htm">Thirteenth</a> <a href="/esther/3-9.htm">Writing</a> <a href="/esther/3-9.htm">Written</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/esther/6-2.htm">Ahasuerus</a> <a href="/esther/4-5.htm">Commanded</a> <a href="/job/3-9.htm">First</a> <a href="/esther/8-9.htm">Governors</a> <a href="/esther/3-15.htm">Haman</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">King's</a> <a href="/job/15-5.htm">Language</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">Month</a> <a href="/esther/5-11.htm">Princes</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Province</a> <a href="/esther/8-2.htm">Ring</a> <a href="/esther/8-9.htm">Satraps</a> <a href="/esther/8-9.htm">Scribes</a> <a href="/esther/8-8.htm">Sealed</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">Thirteenth</a> <a href="/esther/3-14.htm">Writing</a> <a href="/esther/6-2.htm">Written</a><div class="vheading2">Esther 3</div>1. <a href="/esther/3-1.htm">Haman, advanced by the king, and despised by Mordecai, seeks revenge upon the Jews.</a> 7. <a href="/esther/3-7.htm">He casts lots.</a> 8. <a href="/esther/3-8.htm">He obtains by false accusations a decree of the king to put the Jews to death.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/3.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/esther/3.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>On the thirteenth day of the first month This date is significant as it falls on the eve of Passover, a time when Jews commemorate their deliverance from Egypt. The timing underscores the irony and gravity of the impending decree against the Jews, highlighting a spiritual battle between deliverance and destruction.the royal scribes were summoned The summoning of scribes indicates the formal and official nature of the decree. Scribes were essential in the Persian Empire for documenting and disseminating royal edicts, ensuring that the king's commands were accurately recorded and communicated.and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded Haman's influence is evident as the decree is written precisely according to his instructions. This reflects the absolute power he wielded under King Xerxes, and his deep-seated animosity towards the Jewish people, which is rooted in historical enmity between the Amalekites and Israelites.the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people The extensive list of recipients underscores the vastness of the Persian Empire, which spanned 127 provinces. This hierarchical structure ensured that the decree would reach every corner of the empire, emphasizing the widespread threat to the Jewish population.in the script of each province and the language of every people The use of multiple scripts and languages highlights the diversity within the Persian Empire and the administrative efficiency required to govern such a vast territory. It also ensured that the decree was understood by all, leaving no room for misinterpretation.It was written in the name of King Xerxes The decree carried the authority of King Xerxes, making it irrevocable and binding. This reflects the legal system of the Medes and Persians, where a king's edict could not be altered once issued, as seen in the story of Daniel in the lions' den.and sealed with the royal signet ring The sealing with the king's signet ring authenticated the document, signifying the king's approval and making it official. This act is symbolic of the irreversible nature of the decree, paralleling the sealing of believers with the Holy Spirit as a mark of divine authority and protection.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/h/haman.htm">Haman</a> The antagonist in the Book of Esther, Haman is an Agagite who rises to power in the Persian Empire and plots to destroy the Jewish people. 2. <a href="/topical/k/king_xerxes.htm">King Xerxes (Ahasuerus)</a> The Persian king during the events of Esther. He grants Haman the authority to issue the decree against the Jews. 3. <a href="/topical/r/royal_scribes.htm">Royal Scribes</a> Officials responsible for writing and distributing decrees throughout the empire. They play a crucial role in disseminating Haman's orders. 4. <a href="/topical/s/satraps,_governors,_and_officials.htm">Satraps, Governors, and Officials</a> These are the administrative leaders of the provinces within the Persian Empire, responsible for enforcing the king's decrees. 5. <a href="/topical/t/the_thirteenth_day_of_the_first_month.htm">The Thirteenth Day of the First Month</a> This date is significant as it precedes the Jewish Passover, a time of deliverance and remembrance for the Jewish people.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_power_of_influence.htm">The Power of Influence</a> Haman's ability to influence King Xerxes highlights the importance of godly counsel and the dangers of unchecked power. <a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty.htm">God's Sovereignty</a> Despite the evil intentions of Haman, God's providence is at work. Believers can trust that God is in control, even in dire circumstances. <a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_timing.htm">The Importance of Timing</a> The decree's timing, just before Passover, reminds us that God's timing is perfect and often aligns with His redemptive purposes. <a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_authority.htm">The Role of Authority</a> The passage underscores the responsibility of those in authority to act justly and the potential consequences of their decisions. <a href="/topical/c/courage_in_adversity.htm">Courage in Adversity</a> Esther's account encourages believers to stand firm in faith and courage, trusting God to deliver and protect His people.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_esther_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Esther 3</a> <a href="/q/who_was_mordecai_in_the_bible.htm">Who was Mordecai in the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/how_does_esther_8_8_override_persian_law.htm">How does Esther 8:8 reconcile with the supposed irrevocability of Persian law if a second decree effectively overrules the first? </a> <a href="/q/is_haman's_authority_credible_historically.htm">Esther 3:1 – How credible is it that Haman held such high authority when no historical documents outside the Bible mention him? </a> <a href="/q/why_aren't_esther's_banquets_in_records.htm">Esther 5:4–8 – Why are these banquets and intrigues not mentioned in any historical or archaeological records of Persia? </a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/esther/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(12) On the thirteenth day of the first month.--From the next verse we see that the thirteenth of Adar was to be the lucky day for Haman's purpose, which may have suggested the thirteenth of Nisan as a suitable day for this preliminary step. Bishop Wordsworth reminds us that this day was the eve of the Passover, so that Haman's plot against the Jews strangely coincides in time with one five hundred years later, when the Jews themselves, aided by heathen hands and the powers of darkness, sought to vanquish the Saviour; and as the trembling Jews of Persia were delivered by God's goodness, so too by His goodness Satan himself was overthrown and the Lamb that was slain did triumph.Lieutenants.--Literally, satraps. The Hebrew word here (akhashdarpan) is simply an attempt to transliterate the Persian khahatrapa, Whence the Greek satrapes, and so the English word. The word occurs several times in this book and in Ezra and Daniel.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/esther/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 12. - Then were the king's scribes called. "Scribes" (in the plural) are spoken of as attending on Xerxes throughout the Grecian expedition (Herod., 7:100; 8:90). Such persons were always near at hand in the palace, ready to draw up edicts. On the thirteenth day of the first month. It is conjectured that Haman cast his lots on the first day of the year (Berthcau), as an auspicious time for taking anything in hand, and having obtained a thirteenth day for the massacre, adopted the same number as probably auspicious for the necessary appeal to the king. Having gained the king s consent, he sent at once for the scribes. The king's lieutenants. Literally, "the king's satraps." The actual Persian word is used, slightly Hebraised. And to the governors. The word used has been compared with pasha (Stanley), and again with beg or bey, but is probably distinct from either. It designates a provincial governor of the second rank-one who would have been called by the Greeks ὑποσατράπης. The number of these subordinate officials was probably much greater than that of the satraps. And to the rulers of every people. i.e. the native authorities - the head men of the conquered peoples, to whom the Persian system allowed a considerable share of power. In the name of king Ahasuerus was it written. All edicts were in the king's name, even when a subject had been allowed to issue them. See the story of Bagseus in Herodotus (3:128), where the edicts, of which he alone was the author, have the form of orders from the king. And sealed with the king's ring. Or "signet" (see note on ver. 10). <a href="/commentaries/esther/3-12.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>On the thirteenth בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה (biš·lō·wō·šāh) Preposition-b | Number - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7969.htm">Strong's 7969: </a> Three, third, thrice day יוֹם֮ (yō·wm) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3117.htm">Strong's 3117: </a> A day of the first הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן (hā·ri·šō·wn) Article | Adjective - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7223.htm">Strong's 7223: </a> First, in place, time, rank month, בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ (ba·ḥō·ḏeš) Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2320.htm">Strong's 2320: </a> The new moon, a month the royal הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king scribes סֹפְרֵ֨י (sō·p̄ə·rê) Noun - masculine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5608.htm">Strong's 5608: </a> To count, recount, relate were summoned וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ (way·yiq·qā·rə·’ū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7121.htm">Strong's 7121: </a> To call, proclaim, read and the order was written וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב (way·yik·kā·ṯêḇ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3789.htm">Strong's 3789: </a> To grave, to write exactly as כְּֽכָל־ (kə·ḵāl-) Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> The whole, all, any, every Haman הָמָ֡ן (hā·mān) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2001.htm">Strong's 2001: </a> Haman -- to rage, be turbulent commanded צִוָּ֣ה (ṣiw·wāh) Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6680.htm">Strong's 6680: </a> To lay charge (upon), give charge (to), command, order the royal הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king satraps, אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־ (’ă·ḥaš·dar·pə·nê-) Noun - masculine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_323.htm">Strong's 323: </a> A satrap, governor, of a, main province the governors הַפַּח֞וֹת (hap·pa·ḥō·wṯ) Article | Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6346.htm">Strong's 6346: </a> A governor of each province, מְדִינָ֣ה (mə·ḏî·nāh) Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4082.htm">Strong's 4082: </a> A judgeship, jurisdiction, a district, a region and the officials שָׂ֤רֵי (śā·rê) Noun - masculine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8269.htm">Strong's 8269: </a> Chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince of each עַם֙ (‘am) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5971.htm">Strong's 5971: </a> A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock people, וָעָ֔ם (wā·‘ām) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5971.htm">Strong's 5971: </a> A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock in the script כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ (kiḵ·ṯā·ḇāh) Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3791.htm">Strong's 3791: </a> Something written, a writing, record, book of each province וּמְדִינָה֙ (ū·mə·ḏî·nāh) Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4082.htm">Strong's 4082: </a> A judgeship, jurisdiction, a district, a region and the language כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ (kil·šō·w·nōw) Preposition-k | Noun - common singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3956.htm">Strong's 3956: </a> The tongue of every people. וָעָ֖ם (wā·‘ām) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5971.htm">Strong's 5971: </a> A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock It was written נִכְתָּ֔ב (niḵ·tāḇ) Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3789.htm">Strong's 3789: </a> To grave, to write in the name בְּשֵׁ֨ם (bə·šêm) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8034.htm">Strong's 8034: </a> A name of King הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king Xerxes אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ (’ă·ḥaš·wê·rōš) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_325.htm">Strong's 325: </a> Ahasuerus -- king of Persia and sealed וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם (wə·neḥ·tām) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2856.htm">Strong's 2856: </a> To seal, affix a seal, seal up with the royal הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king signet ring. בְּטַבַּ֥עַת (bə·ṭab·ba·‘aṯ) Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2885.htm">Strong's 2885: </a> A seal, signet, a ring of any kind <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/esther/3-12.htm">OT History: Esther 3:12 Then the king's scribes were called (Est Esth. Es) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/esther/3-11.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Esther 3:11"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Esther 3:11" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/esther/3-13.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Esther 3:13"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Esther 3:13" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>