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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beginnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antebellum_Florence_(1826–1860)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antebellum_Florence_(1826–1860)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Antebellum Florence (1826–1860)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antebellum_Florence_(1826–1860)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War_through_the_turn_of_the_century_(1861–1900)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War_through_the_turn_of_the_century_(1861–1900)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Civil War through the turn of the century (1861–1900)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War_through_the_turn_of_the_century_(1861–1900)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_20th-century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_20th-century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The 20th-century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_20th-century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2000 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture and events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recreation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Other recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AM_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AM_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>AM radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AM_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FM_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FM_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>FM radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FM_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Florence, Alabama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="فلورنس (ألاباما) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلورنس (ألاباما)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فلارنس، آلاباما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فلارنس، آلاباما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Alabama)" title="Florence (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Alabama) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Florence (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="فلارنس (آلاباما) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلارنس (آلاباما)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="فلؤرانس (آلاباما) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فلؤرانس (آلاباما)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%95%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%B0%EB%A7%88%EC%A3%BC)" title="플로렌스 (앨라배마주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플로렌스 (앨라배마주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1_(%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%94)" title="פלורנס (אלבמה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלורנס (אלבמה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florensas_(Alabama)" title="Florensas (Alabama) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Florensas (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="فلورنس (لودرديل) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلورنس (لودرديل)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="فلارنس (آلاباما) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فلارنس (آلاباما)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8,%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्लोरेन्स,अलाबामा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्लोरेन्स,अलाबामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्लोरेन्स, अलाबामा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्लोरेन्स, अलाबामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%90%E3%83%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="フローレンス (アラバマ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フローレンス (アラバマ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Флоренс (Алабама) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Флоренс (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Флоренс (Алабама) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флоренс (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فلۆرەنس، ئەلاباما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فلۆرەنس، ئەلاباما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Флоренс (Алабама) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Флоренс (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Флоренс (Алабама) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Флоренс (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Флоренс (Алабама) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Флоренс (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فلورنس، الاباما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلورنس، الاباما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(Alabama)" title="Florence (Alabama) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Florence (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Florence, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E9%A9%AC%E5%B7%9E)" title="弗洛伦斯 (阿拉巴马州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗洛伦斯 (阿拉巴马州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florens" title="Florens – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Florens" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79743#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="View the 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in and county seat of Lauderdale County, Alabama</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Alabama, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Florence, Alabama</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Florence Historic District"><img alt="Downtown Florence Historic District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg/275px-Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg/413px-Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg/550px-Downtown_Florence_Historic_District_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Florence Historic District</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Florence,_Alabama.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Florence, Alabama"><img alt="Flag of Florence, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png/100px-Flag_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png/150px-Flag_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png/200px-Flag_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Florence,_Alabama.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Florence, Alabama"><img alt="Official seal of Florence, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Seal_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png/100px-Seal_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Seal_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png/150px-Seal_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Seal_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png/200px-Seal_of_Florence%2C_Alabama.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Alabama's Renaissance City"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Florence, Alabama"><img alt="Location of Florence, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg/250px-Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg/375px-Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg/500px-Lauderdale_County_Alabama_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Florence_Highlighted_0126896.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Florence, Alabama</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Florence,_Alabama&params=34_49_49.26_N_87_39_55.51_W_region:US-AL_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°49′49.26″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°39′55.51″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.8303500°N 87.6654194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.8303500; -87.6654194</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Alabama" title="List of counties in Alabama">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Lauderdale County, Alabama">Lauderdale</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">March 12, 1818</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">January 7, 1826<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–Council</a> (Since 1984)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Andrew Betterton</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councilmembers</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><small>District 1: Kaytrina P. Simmons<br />District 2: William (Dick) Jordan<br />District 3: Bill Griffin<br />District 4: Michelle Rupe Eubanks<br />District 5: Blake Edwards<br />District 6: Jimmy Oliver</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">27.293 sq mi (70.689 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">27.084 sq mi (70.147 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.209 sq mi (0.541 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">604 ft (184 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">40,184</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">42,437</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: 954th<br />AL: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Alabama" title="List of municipalities in Alabama">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,596.99/sq mi (616.61/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">78,925 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">360th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">155,175 (US: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan statistical areas">280th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central (CST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (CDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">35630, 35631, 35632, 35633, 35634</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_256_and_938" title="Area codes 256 and 938">256 and 938</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01-26896</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">2403619<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">Sales tax</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.5%<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florenceal.org/">florenceal.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Florence</b> is a city in, and the county seat of, <a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Lauderdale County, Alabama">Lauderdale County</a>, Alabama, United States, in the state's northwestern corner, and had a population of 40,184 in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Florence is located along the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a> and is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Alabama" title="University of North Alabama">University of North Alabama</a>, the oldest public college in the state. Florence is located about 70 miles west of <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>, via <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_72" title="U.S. Route 72">US-72</a>, and about 115 miles northwest of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>. </p><p>Florence is the largest and principal city of the "Quad Cities," more commonly known as "<a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Muscle_Shoals_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area">The Shoals</a>," which also includes the cities of <a href="/wiki/Muscle_Shoals,_Alabama" title="Muscle Shoals, Alabama">Muscle Shoals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield,_Alabama" title="Sheffield, Alabama">Sheffield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuscumbia,_Alabama" title="Tuscumbia, Alabama">Tuscumbia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colbert_County,_Alabama" title="Colbert County, Alabama">Colbert County</a> and had a population of 148,779 as of the 2020 census. Florence is considered northwestern Alabama's primary economic hub. </p><p>Annual tourism events include the <a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy_Music_Festival" title="W. C. Handy Music Festival">W. C. Handy Music Festival</a> in the summer and the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Faire" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Faire">Renaissance Faire</a> in the fall. Landmarks in Florence include the 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Rosenbaum_House" title="Rosenbaum House">Rosenbaum House</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>-designed home located in Alabama. The Florence Indian Mound, listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, was constructed by indigenous people between 400 BCE and 100 BCE in the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a> and is the largest surviving earthen mound in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Florence is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Florence,_Alabama&params=34_49_49.26_N_87_39_55.51_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°49′49.26″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°39′55.51″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.8303500°N 87.6654194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.8303500; -87.6654194</span></span></span></a></span></span> (34.8303495, -87.6654194).<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 27.293 square miles (70.69 km<sup>2</sup>), of which, 27.084 square miles (70.15 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.209 square miles (0.54 km<sup>2</sup>) (0.40%) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Florence is located on <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lake_(Alabama)" title="Wilson Lake (Alabama)">Wilson Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pickwick_Lake" title="Pickwick Lake">Pickwick Lake</a>, bodies of water on the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a> dammed by <a href="/wiki/Pickwick_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickwick Dam">Pickwick Dam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Dam" title="Wilson Dam">Wilson Dams</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pickwick_Lake" title="Pickwick Lake">Pickwick Lake</a> was created by the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> (TVA), an agency established under <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>. It was a public works program intended to build dams and hydroelectric power and related infrastructure to generate electricity for the rural region to stimulate economic development, provide flood control, and recreational opportunities. Wilson Dam (now operated by the TVA) was authorized by <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">President Woodrow Wilson</a> in 1918 and was the first dam constructed on the Tennessee River.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> system, Florence has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherbase.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherbase.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average temperature of Florence is 59 °F (15 °C). The average yearly precipitation in Florence is 57.06 inches (144.9 cm).<sup id="cite_ref-weatherbase.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherbase.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, Florence gets 2.25 inches (5.7 cm) of snow per year, which is above the average for Alabama of 0.57 inches (1.4 cm).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Florence is almost 300 miles (480 km) from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, strong hurricanes have brought severe weather to the area. For example, in 2005, the path of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> came very close to the city, causing nearly 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) winds and some storm damage. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Florence, 1991–2020 simulated normals (558 ft elevation) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.5<br />(10.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0<br />(12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.7<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.7<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.1<br />(26.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.8<br />(32.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.4<br />(31.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.6<br />(29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71.9<br />(22.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2<br />(11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.6<br />(15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1<br />(20.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.5<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.0<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9<br />(16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.5<br />(10.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.9<br />(16.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(−0.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(4.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1<br />(14.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8<br />(18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0<br />(20.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.3<br />(9.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.8<br />(9.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.30<br />(134.60) </td> <td style="background: #23FF23; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.28<br />(134.01) </td> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.44<br />(138.15) </td> <td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.20<br />(132.00) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.92<br />(124.98) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.84<br />(122.88) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.96<br />(125.97) </td> <td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.22<br />(107.26) </td> <td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.08<br />(103.70) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.63<br />(92.17) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.12<br />(104.57) </td> <td style="background: #19FF19; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.07<br />(154.24) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.06<br />(1,474.53) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(4.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(21.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.7<br />(20.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8<br />(11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.9<br />(10.5) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: PRISM Climate Group<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evidence for human habitation in the Florence area goes back to at least 500 BCE, when the Florence Indian Mound, the largest of its type in the Tennessee Valley, was constructed as an earthwork during the Woodland period.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Successive cultures arose after this. In the historic period, the area of present-day Florence was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw Nation</a>. They first encountered white traders and settlers beginning in the late 1700s, and were forced to cede their land to the Federal government through a series of treaties in early 1800s, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal policy</a> to extinguish tribal land claims east of the Mississippi River. The Chickasaw were removed to west of the river in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (now Oklahoma).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/John_Coffee" title="John Coffee">John Coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">John McKinley</a>, a future <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court_Justices" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court Justices">U.S. Supreme Court Justice</a>, and five other trustees established the Cypress Land Company to found a town on a hill overlooking the Tennessee River.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company bought the land, believing that Florence's location along <a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_Military_Road" title="Jackson's Military Road">Jackson's Military Road</a> and at the end of the treacherous Muscle Shoals rapids on the Tennessee River would enable it to develop as a major commercial center.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1819, Coffee commissioned Ferdinand Sannoner, a young Italian engineer, to survey and plan the town.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situating the town on the plateau overlooking the Tennessee River provided protection from flooding as well as the disease of the swampier lowlands by the riverbank. The investors were so pleased with Sannoner's work that he was allowed to choose the name of the new settlement; he named it after <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> region of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antebellum_Florence_(1826–1860)"><span id="Antebellum_Florence_.281826.E2.80.931860.29"></span>Antebellum Florence (1826–1860)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Antebellum Florence (1826–1860)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first river steamboat visited the town in 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speculators and settlers, including General <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> and President <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, bought up plots of land as they were sold by the Cypress Land Co.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Florence quickly became an important commercial hub on the Tennessee River, but it did not reach the level its founders had hoped.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Florence did grow quickly enough to be incorporated by the State Legislature in 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1831, the increased cotton cultivation in the area to the east of Florence necessitated the expansion and improvement of transport facilities in the area, including the digging of a canal around the Muscle Shoals.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress appropriated land for that purpose and construction began in 1831, with the Muscle Shoals Canal opening in 1837, however, the locks could not support steamships and the state had difficulty maintaining the construction, so it was abandoned shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equally important was the construction of a railroad bridge across the Tennessee River, with the first bridge being completed in the 1830s, but would be washed away by a flood soon after completion.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another bridge would be completed in 1840 and would last until the mid-1850s, when it was damaged by tornadoes in 1850 and 1854, resulting in its decommissioning. The rock piers of the 1840 bridge survived the damage and form the foundation of the present structure.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a part of Florence's development as a commercial hub, a variety of manufacturing enterprises sprung up around the city, including an iron foundry, lumber, cotton, and wool mills, as well as a complex of cotton, flour, and corn mills along Cypress Creek known as the Globe Factory.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">Plantations</a>, too, sprung up around Florence, driven by cheap fertile land and high cotton prices. Two of these plantation homes are of note: <a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_Mansion" title="Sweetwater Mansion">Sweetwater Mansion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Forks_of_Cypress" title="The Forks of Cypress">Forks of Cypress</a>. Sweetwater Mansion is notable for being the residence of <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Patton" title="Robert M. Patton">Robert M. Patton</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alabama">governor of Alabama</a> after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and for the various paranormal sightings that have occurred there.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Forks of Cypress, on the other hand, was the plantation home of James Jackson, one of the original Cypress Land Co. trustees, and was acclaimed for its architectural style and the quality of its racing horses.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the plantation economy, so too came slavery. While slavery in northwest Alabama did not reach the magnitude that it did in the Black Belt, a significant percentage of the population (about 14% in 1818) was enslaved and by 1860, there were twenty three plantations in Lauderdale County that had over fifty slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all slaves worked on the plantation, however, many worked in construction or in other contexts. <a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott" title="Dred Scott">Dred Scott</a> was brought to Florence in the 1820s and served as a hosteler in the local inn, before his participation in the <a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">landmark Supreme Court case</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence_Alabama_female_college,_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Florence_Alabama_female_college%2C_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg/220px-Florence_Alabama_female_college%2C_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Florence_Alabama_female_college%2C_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg/330px-Florence_Alabama_female_college%2C_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Florence_Alabama_female_college%2C_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg/440px-Florence_Alabama_female_college%2C_June_1862_LCCN2017646931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Metzner" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Metzner">Adolph Metzner</a> drawing of the "female college" in Florence</figcaption></figure> <p>As a sign of progress and ambition, townspeople established the Florence Female Academy here in 1847, for paying female students. By the 1850s, the school was converted into the <a href="/wiki/Florence_Synodical_Female_College" title="Florence Synodical Female College">Florence Synodical Female College</a>, affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church">Presbyterian Church</a>. It closed in 1893. A historical marker commemorates the site.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LaGrange College, Alabama's first chartered college, was established near <a href="/wiki/Leighton,_Alabama" title="Leighton, Alabama">Leighton</a> in 1830 before being moved across the river to Florence in 1855. The move to Florence was controversial, however, and the Florence site was denied the use of the LaGrange name and was thus chartered as Florence Wesleyan University in 1856, with its main building being <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Hall" title="Wesleyan Hall">Wesleyan Hall</a>. One hundred and 60 students enrolled in the first year of operation (1855) of Florence Wesleyan University and quickly attracted students from five states and two foreign countries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university also chartered a grammar school, which still serves today as Kilby Laboratory School, the only university-operated elementary school in Alabama. After becoming publicly owned during the Postbellum period, the university went through a variety of name changes, including: Florence Normal School, Florence State Teachers College, and Florence State University, before changing its name to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Alabama" title="University of North Alabama">University of North Alabama</a> in 1972. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_through_the_turn_of_the_century_(1861–1900)"><span id="Civil_War_through_the_turn_of_the_century_.281861.E2.80.931900.29"></span>Civil War through the turn of the century (1861–1900)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Civil War through the turn of the century (1861–1900)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_20th-century">The 20th-century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The 20th-century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Burrell_Normal_School" title="Burrell Normal School">Burrell Normal School</a> was open from 1903 until 1969, and served as a private segregated school for African American students in Florence, serving grades 1-12 and a <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">normal school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>802</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>1,395</td><td></td><td>73.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>2,003</td><td></td><td>43.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>1,359</td><td></td><td>−32.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>6,012</td><td></td><td>342.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>6,478</td><td></td><td>7.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>6,689</td><td></td><td>3.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>10,529</td><td></td><td>57.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>11,729</td><td></td><td>11.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>15,043</td><td></td><td>28.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>23,879</td><td></td><td>58.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>31,649</td><td></td><td>32.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>34,031</td><td></td><td>7.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>37,029</td><td></td><td>8.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>36,426</td><td></td><td>−1.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>36,264</td><td></td><td>−0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>39,319</td><td></td><td>8.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>40,184</td><td></td><td>2.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">42,437</td><td><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td>5.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />2020 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>As of the 2023 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, there are 17,203 estimated households in Florence with an average of 2.25 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $50,396. Approximately 19.3% of the city's population lives at or below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty line</a>. Florence has an estimated 56.5% employment rate, with 31.1% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 90.8% holding a high school diploma.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (92.8%), Spanish (5.4%), Indo-European (0.8%), Asian and Pacific Islander (1.0%), and Other (0.2%). </p><p>The median age in the city was 35.1 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Florence, Alabama – racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop. 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop. 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop. 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>28,184 </td> <td>28,986 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">28,006 </td> <td>77.72% </td> <td>73.72% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">69.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>6,932 </td> <td>7,573 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7,503 </td> <td>19.12% </td> <td>19.26% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">18.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>84 </td> <td>146 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">122 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>224 </td> <td>537 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">519 </td> <td>0.62% </td> <td>1.37% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>8 </td> <td>16 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">22 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>32 </td> <td>22 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">92 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>313 </td> <td>632 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,824 </td> <td>0.86% </td> <td>1.61% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>487 </td> <td>1,407 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2,096 </td> <td>1.34% </td> <td>3.58% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>36,264</b> </td> <td><b>39,319</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>40,184</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, there were 40,184 people, 17,516 households, and 9,348 families residing in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 1,515.3 inhabitants per square mile (585.1/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 19,710 housing units at an average density of 743.3 per square mile (287.0/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 70.71% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. census)">White</a>, 18.86% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.44% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.33% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.05% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 2.74% from some other races and 5.86% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> people of any race were 5.22% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19.1% of residents were under the age of 18, 5.0% were under 5 years of age, and 17.2% were 65 and older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.2% male and 54.8% female. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, there were 39,319 people, 17,267 households, and _ families residing in the city. The population density was 1,512.4 inhabitants per square mile (583.9/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 19,299 housing units at an average density of 742.3 per square mile (286.6/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 75.04% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. census)">White</a>, 19.41% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.40% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.39% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.07% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 1.79% from some other races and 1.90% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> people of any race were 3.58% of the population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_census">2000 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2000 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 census</a>, there were 36,264 people, 15,820 households, and 9,555 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,454.6 inhabitants per square mile (561.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 17,707 housing units at an average density of 710.2 per square mile (274.2/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 78.39% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. census)">White</a>, 19.20% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.24% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.62% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.03% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.54% from some other races and 0.97% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> people of any race were 1.34% of the population. </p><p>There were 15,820 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them: 43.6% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. Nearly 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20, and the average family size was 2.82. </p><p>In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males. </p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $28,330, and the median income for a family was $40,577. Males had a median income of $34,398 versus $21,385 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,464. About 14.4% of families and 20.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg/220px-UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg/330px-UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg/440px-UNA_HarrisonPlaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Harrison Plaza, University of North Alabama</figcaption></figure> <p>Situated in Florence, and founded in 1830 as LaGrange College, and later operating as a normal school, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Alabama" title="University of North Alabama">University of North Alabama</a>, a public, co-educational, higher education institution, is Alabama's oldest state-certified university.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Florence_City_Schools" title="Florence City Schools">Florence City Schools</a> is the organization of the K–12 public school system. Florence High School (grades 10–12) is the main high school, with an enrollment of approximately 1,000 students. It was created by a merger between the previous two city high schools, Bradshaw High School and Coffee High School. Florence High is located at the former Bradshaw site in the eastern part of the city. The merger also led to the creation of Florence Middle School (grades 7–8) and the Florence Freshman Center (grade 9). The middle school is located at the former Coffee High campus, east of downtown, and the Florence Freshman Center is located at the Florence High School campus. </p><p>There are five private schools in Florence: Riverhill School for K-6, St. Joseph Regional Catholic School for grades K–8, and <a href="/wiki/Mars_Hill_Bible_School" title="Mars Hill Bible School">Mars Hill Bible School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoals_Christian_School" title="Shoals Christian School">Shoals Christian School</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_Christian_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence Christian Academy (page does not exist)">Florence Christian Academy</a>. Each of the latter are multi-denominational, K–12 schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has a mayor-council form of government. Each of the council members is elected from one of six <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a>. The mayor is elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a>. </p><p><b>Mayor</b> </p> <ul><li>Andrew Betterton</li></ul> <p>Andrew Betterton was elected as the mayor of Florence on October 6, 2020. He defeated incumbent Mayor Steve Holt by 11 votes. </p><p><b>City Council</b> </p> <ul><li>District 1: Kaytrina P. Simmons</li> <li>District 2: Jackie Hendrix</li> <li>District 3: Bill Griffin</li> <li>District 4: Michelle Rupe Eubanks</li> <li>District 5: Blake Edwards</li> <li>District 6: Jimmy Oliver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_events">Culture and events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City of Florence is home to several museums, historical sites and numerous parks that serve the cultural and recreational needs of citizens and tourists. A variety of festivals are held throughout the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kennedy_Douglass_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kennedy Douglass Center (page does not exist)">Kennedy Douglass Center</a> for the Arts is the center for numerous cultural activities, exhibits and events. The center showcases artists from around the Southeast United States. It also offers classes and workshops to people of all ages. It is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, and provides administrative offices for Florence's six museums. The museums are open Tuesday – Saturday from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, Sunday 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm and are closed Monday.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Mound_and_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Mound and Museum (page does not exist)">Indian Mound</a> is the largest of its type in the Tennessee Valley Region. The earthwork mound, which measures 310Hx230Wx42D (feet) and is named <i>Wawmanona,</i> was built circa 500 A.D. in the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a>. It is thought to be a locale for tribal ceremony and ritual. Formerly two smaller mounds and an earthen wall were associated with the complex. The Indian Mound Museum displays Native American artifacts from the Mound and the surrounding area, which represent different indigenous cultures dating back 1,000 years. In 2017 a new, expanded museum was built to replace one built in 1968 and display artifacts and interpret the ancient and historic cultures of the indigenous peoples of the area.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope%27s_Tavern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope's Tavern (page does not exist)">Pope's Tavern</a> is a renowned historical site. It served as a hospital for Civil War soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies. It also served as a stagecoach stop, a tavern and an inn. The museum houses Civil War artifacts, as well as antiques from the 18th and 19th centuries. It is one of Florence's oldest standing structures, with the current structure dating from the 1830s.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a> Home and Museum is dedicated to the noted musician, known as the "father of the blues". Handy was born in a log cabin at this site in 1873. The museum contains a collection of Handy's personal papers, artifacts and other items he donated before his death in 1958.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rosenbaum_House" title="Rosenbaum House">Rosenbaum House</a>, at 601 Riverview Drive, is the only building in the state designed by famed American architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>. It was built in 1939. The house was the first in the city to have such novelties as a carport and under-floor heating. It is open for tours six days of the week.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Museum_of_the_Shoals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Children's Museum of the Shoals (page does not exist)">Children's Museum of the Shoals</a> contains exhibits displaying the history, people and events that make up the Shoals' history. The museum is designed to promote learning in a hands-on environment. The museum offers educational workshops year-round for children of all ages.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Forks_of_Cypress" class="mw-redirect" title="Forks of Cypress">Forks of Cypress</a> was a large cotton plantation located in Florence. Its remains can be seen in the form of 24 Greek columns, as well as the Jackson Family cemetery. Both are on private property and are not usually open to the public. The local historical society hosts tours sporadically. A scale replica of the plantation home is located in downtown Florence and is currently used as a <a href="/wiki/Regions_Financial_Corporation" title="Regions Financial Corporation">Regions</a> bank.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The festivals are listed chronologically. </p> <ul><li>The Sam Phillips Music Celebration is a week-long event held the first week of January. It celebrates the life of Sam Phillips with events that include the Sam Phillips Birthday Party, "Conversations on Sam," Sam Jam Concert, Muscle Shoals to Music Row Live, and a finale concert. Although Phillips is credited for the birth of rock n' roll and the discovery of many acclaimed artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley%27s_Sun_recordings" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvis Presley's Sun recordings">Elvis Presley</a>, he also recorded gospel, rhythm & blues, country and rockabilly artists. This festival started in 2005.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Lindsey/UNA_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Lindsey/UNA Film Festival (page does not exist)">George Lindsey/UNA Film Festival</a> started in 1997 and is named in honor of <a href="/wiki/George_Lindsey" title="George Lindsey">George Lindsey</a>. This actor is best known for portraying the character of "Goober Pyle" on the television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Andy_Griffith_Show" title="The Andy Griffith Show">The Andy Griffith Show</a></i>. Lindsey was a UNA (then known as Florence State College) graduate. The event takes place in April.</li> <li>Arts Alive, in May, was started in 1986. Artists from around the Southeast gather in Wilson Park for two days to show and sell their work.</li> <li>The Spirit of Freedom Celebration is an annual Fourth of July tradition, presented by the Shoals Radio Group (<a href="/wiki/WLAY-FM" title="WLAY-FM">WLAY-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/WVNA-FM" title="WVNA-FM">WVNA-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/WMSR-FM" title="WMSR-FM">WMSR-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/WMXV" title="WMXV">WMXV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WVNA_(AM)" title="WVNA (AM)">WVNA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WLAY_(AM)" title="WLAY (AM)">WLAY</a>). Thousands of people gather at McFarland Park, starting in the morning, for a day listening to a variety of musical acts. The celebration concludes around 10:00 p.m. with a fireworks display over the Tennessee River.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy_Music_Festival" title="W. C. Handy Music Festival">W. C. Handy Music Festival</a>. Every year for a week in late July or early August, musicians from around the country descend upon the Shoals. Area restaurants offer live music, and artists often perform in Wilson Park or along streets downtown. Though the focus was originally on blues and jazz, the musical genres now include rock, country, gospel and others. The festival, the largest in the Shoals area, also includes educational events, art shows, and athletic competitions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Reid_(fashion_designer)" title="Billy Reid (fashion designer)">Billy Reid</a> Shindig. Every summer since 2009, local fashion designer Billy Reid hosts Shindig, one of the biggest festivals in Florence and the Shoals. The Billy Reid Shindig brings musicians, artists, chefs, and other creatives to the Shoals. The festival includes art shows, live music, concerts, food, and a fashion show from Billy Reid.</li> <li>Every September, Florence is the termination point for riders in the annual Trail of Tears Remembrance Motorcycle Ride across the state, which ends in nearby <a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Alabama" title="Waterloo, Alabama">Waterloo, Alabama</a>. The ride commemorates the forced removal of Southeastern tribes by the federal government to west of the Mississippi River to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act_of_1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Removal Act of 1830">Indian Removal Act of 1830</a>.</li> <li>Shoals Fest is held at McFarland Park during the first weekend in October. The festival began in 2019, created by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Isbell" title="Jason Isbell">Jason Isbell</a> of Green Hill.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Renaissance_Faire" title="Alabama Renaissance Faire">Alabama Renaissance Faire</a> is held in Wilson Park during the fourth weekend in October. The festival celebrates Florence's heritage as the "Renaissance City" by recreating the feel of a medieval fair. Activities include arts and crafts, magicians, reenactments and musical performances. Festivalgoers are invited to dress in period clothing.</li> <li>First Fridays in Florence is an arts and music event occurring every first Friday from April to December in downtown Florence. The nine months of art and music nights began in 2005. The city's downtown development efforts, including First Fridays events, were featured as a "wise" community in the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a> Smart Growth publication <i>This is Smart Growth</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_attractions">Other attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braly_Municipal_Stadium" title="Braly Municipal Stadium">Braly Municipal Stadium</a>, on the campus of Florence Middle School, is the home to both the University of North Alabama and Florence High School football teams.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Registered_Historic_Places_in_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Registered Historic Places in Lauderdale County, Alabama">List of Registered Historic Places in Lauderdale County, Alabama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg/220px-FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg/330px-FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg/440px-FlorenceAlabamaFrom9kFeet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Florence</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Cox Creek Park is home to a children's playground, horseshoe pits, an indoor archery range, and twelve tennis courts.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent additions have included the new Florence Skate Park, the only skateboard park in the area, and a new stadium for the University of North Alabama softball team. The Florence/Lauderdale Farmer's Market is also located at the park.</li> <li>Deibert Park was a former horse farm belonging to the Deibert family, the park now includes a playground, picnic shelters, and three ponds. The network of walking trails is enjoyed by walkers, joggers, and bikers. The Children's Museum of the Shoals is also on the park property.</li> <li>Florence Sportsplex has baseball, softball, and soccer fields. It is located at the corner of Alabama Highway 20 and Gunwaleford Road.</li> <li>Martin Park is the location for the city swimming facility, at the Royal Avenue Recreation Center. The park is also home to a playground, tennis courts, picnic shelters, and a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) <a href="/wiki/Fitness_trail" title="Fitness trail">fitness trail</a>.</li> <li>McFarland Park is also the location of the Florence Harbor and Marina.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While serving as host to several events throughout the year, the park is also equipped with a playground, numerous picnic shelters, campgrounds, soccer fields, baseball fields, a <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a> course, a golf driving range, and lighted walking trails. Situated along Pickwick Lake, the park is also used by fishermen, boaters, and swimmers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightoftheeducator.com/road-trip-florence-alabama/">River Heritage Park</a> is located at the base of the Renaissance Tower and adjacent to the Renaissance Shoals Resort & Spa and Conference Center. The park contains scenic overlooks of the Tennessee River and Wilson Dam. Also included are picnic shelters, a playground, and an interactive fountain called the Splash Pad.</li> <li>Veterans Memorial Park contains a memorial to the war veterans of Florence and Lauderdale county. Twenty-two campsites, six lighted tennis courts, baseball and softball fields, playgrounds, and picnic shelters are also found at the park. Veterans Park is also home to one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a> courses in the state, established in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-pdga-veterans_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdga-veterans-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wildwood Park is located adjacent to the University of North Alabama along Cypress Creek. It is the most secluded and serene of the city parks. The park has a pavilion, picnic tables, nature trails, and bicycle trails. Swimming, fishing and canoeing are some of the park's recreational activities.</li> <li>Wilson Park is located in the heart of downtown, across from the Florence-Lauderdale Public Library. Its grounds are used for numerous festivals and events. The original Plan of Florence in 1818 showed the area as a Public Walk. In 1924, the park was renamed in honor of former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, shortly after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-hmdb_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmdb-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_recreation">Other recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blackberry Trail Golf Course – a municipal golf course</li> <li>Broadway Recreation Center</li> <li>Florence Harbor – a full-service marina on Tennessee River (Pickwick Lake) mile marker 256<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Handy Recreation Center</li> <li>Royal Avenue Recreation Center</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence,_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Florence%2C_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg/220px-Florence%2C_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Florence%2C_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg/330px-Florence%2C_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Florence%2C_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg/440px-Florence%2C_Alabama_O%27Neal_Bridge_by_Noah_McDonald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>O'Neal Bridge over the Tennessee River</figcaption></figure> <p>Florence is the merger point for two major <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Numbered Highways">U.S. Highways</a>, as well as several <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state highways in Alabama">Alabama Highways</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_43" title="U.S. Route 43">U.S. Highway 43</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_72" title="U.S. Route 72">U.S. Highway 72</a> merge just east of the city limits in <a href="/wiki/Killen,_Alabama" title="Killen, Alabama">Killen</a>, and are co-signed their entire length through the city. Highway 43, running north and south, helps connect the city to <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceburg,_Tennessee" title="Lawrenceburg, Tennessee">Lawrenceburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Tennessee" title="Columbia, Tennessee">Columbia</a> to the north in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a> to the south. Highway 72 helps connect the city to <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga, Tennessee</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a> to the west. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65" title="Interstate 65">Interstate 65</a> is accessible about forty-five minutes east on Highway 72. Both of these roads cross the Tennessee River on O'Neal Bridge, connecting Florence to Sheffield. </p><p>Alabama state highways that serve the city include <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_13" title="Alabama State Route 13">State Route 13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_17" title="Alabama State Route 17">State Route 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_20" title="Alabama State Route 20">State Route 20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_133" title="Alabama State Route 133">State Route 133</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_157" title="Alabama State Route 157">State Route 157</a>. Alabama 133 connected Florence and Muscle Shoals via Wilson Dam until 2002, when the new six-lane "Patton Island Bridge" finished construction. The bridge is part of a new corridor that eventually saw the widening of Wilson Dam Road in Muscle Shoals to Alabama 20 (Phase 1 widening to six lanes to Avalon Avenue, Phase 2 widening to 4 lanes to Alabama 157/72 alt), and the construction of a new road from the bridge to Florence Blvd, eventually becoming part of Helton, Dr. in Florence. State Route 157, a road to Florence and the Shoals area, serves as a four-lane link to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65_in_Alabama" title="Interstate 65 in Alabama">Interstate 65</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cullman,_Alabama" title="Cullman, Alabama">Cullman</a>. The project was completed in the summer of 2007. The road is known as the "University of North Alabama Highway". </p><p>Florence and the Shoals area does not have a direct link to an Interstate highway. One solution discussed has been the Memphis to Atlanta Highway, proposed to connect the two cities via a freeway through north Alabama. However, in recent years Mississippi has concentrated its funding on U.S. 78 (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_22" title="Interstate 22">Interstate 22</a>), also known as "Corridor X". Though U.S. 72 through Mississippi is four lanes, there are no plans to upgrade it to freeway status. The state of Georgia has also not committed to the necessary work to connect the freeway from the Alabama state line to Atlanta. The highway remains in the planning stages with the Alabama Department of Transportation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another plan recently discussed is extending <a href="/wiki/Interstate_565" title="Interstate 565">Interstate 565</a> west from its current terminus just outside <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a>, along Alabama 20/Alternate U.S. 72. The plan has received support from Decatur officials. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is no fixed-route transit service in Florence. However, the Northwest Alabama Council of Local Governments operates a <a href="/wiki/Dial-a-ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial-a-ride">dial-a-ride</a> transit service known as NACOLG Transit.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Florence is served by the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Alabama_Regional_Airport" title="Northwest Alabama Regional Airport">Northwest Alabama Regional Airport</a> in Muscle Shoals. The airport is used for commercial and general aviation, It is served commercially by <a href="/wiki/Contour_Airlines" title="Contour Airlines">Contour Airlines</a> which provides several daily flights to <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Douglas_International_Airport" title="Charlotte Douglas International Airport">Charlotte Douglas International Airport</a>, an <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> hub, giving the city access to hundreds of domestic and international destinations. <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_International_Airport" title="Huntsville International Airport">Huntsville International Airport</a>, another option for Florence residents, offers service to eleven domestic destinations, and is an hour's drive from Florence. </p><p>Local industry is served by the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Southern_Railroad" title="Tennessee Southern Railroad">Tennessee Southern Railroad</a> (TSRR), which runs from Florence to Columbia, Tennessee, and the Port of Florence on Pickwick Lake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/TimesDaily" title="TimesDaily">TimesDaily</a></i>, a daily newspaper</li> <li><i>Courier Journal</i>, a direct-mail, weekly newspaper; founded in 1884 as the <i>Florence Herald</i> and renamed in 1982<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Numerous radio, television and low-power FM radio stations and translators serve Florence and the greater area, all of which are in the greater Florence MSA. Among them are: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AM_radio">AM radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: AM radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WSBM" title="WSBM">WSBM</a> (1340 AM; 1 kW; Florence, AL; owner: Big River Broadcasting Corporation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBCF_(AM)" title="WBCF (AM)">WBCF</a> (1240 AM; 1 kW; Florence, AL; owner: Benny Carle Broadcasting, Inc.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FM_radio">FM radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: FM radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W280DA" class="mw-redirect" title="W280DA">W280DA</a> (103.9 FM; Florence, AL; owner: Bible Broadcasting Network, Inc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQLT-FM" title="WQLT-FM">WQLT-FM</a> (107.3 FM; Florence, AL; owner: Big River Broadcasting Corporation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W258AE" class="mw-redirect" title="W258AE">W258AE</a> (99.5 FM; Florence, AL; owner: WAY-FM Media Group, Inc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFA" title="WWFA">WWFA-FM</a> (102.7 FM; Florence, AL; owner: Flinn Broadcasting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFIX" title="WFIX">WFIX</a> (91.3 FM; Florence, AL; owner: Tri-State Inspirational B/C Corp.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXFL" title="WXFL">WXFL</a> (96.1 FM; Florence, AL; owner: Big River Broadcasting Corporation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W253AH" class="mw-redirect" title="W253AH">W253AH</a> (98.5 FM; Florence, AL; owner: Big River Broadcasting Corporation)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W276AM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W276AM (page does not exist)">W276AM</a> (103.1 FM; Florence, ETC., AL; owner: J AND J Broadcasting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W225AB" class="mw-redirect" title="W225AB">W225AB</a> (92.9 FM; Florence, AL; owner: William P. Rogers)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHDF" title="WHDF">WHDF</a> (Channel 15; Florence, AL; owner: Valley Television, LLC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFIQ_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="WFIQ (TV)">WFIQ</a> (Channel 36; Florence, AL; owner: Alabama Educational Television Commission)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAFF_(TV)" title="WAFF (TV)">WAFF-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHNT-TV" title="WHNT-TV">WHNT-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAAY-TV" title="WAAY-TV">WAAY-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/ABC_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Studios">ABC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZDX" title="WZDX">WZDX-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">FOX</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHDF" title="WHDF">WHDF-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Past television stations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WYLE_(TV)" title="WYLE (TV)">WYLE</a> (Channel 26; Florence, AL; owner: ETC Communications Inc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOWL" title="WOWL">WOWL</a> (Channel 15; Florence, AL)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W57BV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W57BV (page does not exist)">W57BV</a> (Channel 57; Florence, AL; owner: Trinity Broadcasting Network)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cable providers</dt> <dd>Florence is served by <a href="/wiki/Comcast_Cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Comcast Cable">Comcast</a> and <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>. Their services include television, internet, home phone, and home security services. Comcast has been a provider of television and other services in the Florence area since the early 1960s. AT&T has provided services to Florence since the early 2000s, when they acquired <a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">Bell South</a>. Florence is also served by major satellite television providers, including <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Aldridge" title="Walt Aldridge">Walt Aldridge</a>, songwriter and record producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Armstead" title="Malcolm Armstead">Malcolm Armstead</a>, professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Billingsley" title="Ron Billingsley">Ron Billingsley</a>, former professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Boddie" title="Whitney Boddie">Whitney Boddie</a>, professional basketball player in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> (WNBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Bose" title="Sterling Bose">Sterling Bose</a>, jazz trumpeter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Brantley" title="Jeff Brantley">Jeff Brantley</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> pitcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Briggs" title="Jeff Briggs">Jeff Briggs</a>, video game developer and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Firaxis_Games" title="Firaxis Games">Firaxis Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Briggs" title="Roger Briggs">Roger Briggs</a>, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Burdine" title="Greg Burdine">Greg Burdine</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_House_of_Representatives" title="Alabama House of Representatives">Alabama House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burrows" title="Thomas Burrows">Thomas Burrows</a>, professional baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Butler_Twins" title="The Butler Twins">The Butler Twins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit blues">Detroit blues</a> musicians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Carrigan" title="Jerry Carrigan">Jerry Carrigan</a>, drummer and record producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Cink" title="Stewart Cink">Stewart Cink</a>, PGA golfer, <a href="/wiki/2009_British_Open" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 British Open">2009 British Open</a> Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coffee" title="John Coffee">John Coffee</a>, General during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Condrey" title="Dennis Condrey">Dennis Condrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestler</a> and member of <a href="/wiki/The_Midnight_Express_(professional_wrestling)" title="The Midnight Express (professional wrestling)">The Midnight Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_De_Priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar De Priest">Oscar De Priest</a>, the first African American to be elected to Congress from outside the southern states and the first in the 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Dunn" title="Bud Dunn">Bud Dunn</a>, horse trainer who won the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Walking_Horse_National_Celebration#World_Grand_Championship" title="Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration">Tennessee Walking Horse World Grand Championship</a> twice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Flippo" title="Ronnie Flippo">Ronnie Flippo</a>, U.S. Representative from 1977 to 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Franklin" title="Byron Franklin">Byron Franklin</a>, former <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) wide receiver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Fritts" title="Donnie Fritts">Donnie Fritts</a>, musician and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Garrett" title="Braxton Garrett">Braxton Garrett</a>, professional baseball player for the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_%22Red_Mouth%22_Gebhardt" title="Eric "Red Mouth" Gebhardt">Eric "Red Mouth" Gebhardt</a>, singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Jean_Godchaux" title="Donna Jean Godchaux">Donna Jean Godchaux</a>, singer, <a href="/wiki/The_Grateful_Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="The Grateful Dead">The Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Guthrie" title="Brett Guthrie">Brett Guthrie</a>, U.S. Representative from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Bertram_Haltom,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Elbert Bertram Haltom, Jr.">Elbert Bertram Haltom, Jr.</a>, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States federal judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Christopher_Handy" class="mw-redirect" title="William Christopher Handy">W. C. Handy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> musician, known as "father of the blues"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorrit_Hoffleit" title="Dorrit Hoffleit">Dorrit Hoffleit</a>, astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Holly" title="Kelvin Holly">Kelvin Holly</a>, musician, guitarist for Little Richard, The Amazing Rhythm Aces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hood_(naval_officer)" title="John Hood (naval officer)">John Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(United_States)" title="Rear admiral (United States)">Rear admiral</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterson_Hood" title="Patterson Hood">Patterson Hood</a>, guitarist, singer and songwriter for <a href="/wiki/Drive-By_Truckers" title="Drive-By Truckers">Drive-By Truckers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autry_Inman" title="Autry Inman">Autry Inman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Irons" title="Tammy Irons">Tammy Irons</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama State Senate">Alabama State Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Isbell" title="Jason Isbell">Jason Isbell</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jeter_(fencer)" title="Thomas Jeter (fencer)">Thomas Jeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones_(American_football,_born_1920)" title="Jim Jones (American football, born 1920)">Jim Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Killen" title="Buddy Killen">Buddy Killen</a>, former owner of <a href="/wiki/Killen_Music_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Killen Music Group">Killen Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Kirchner" title="Julianne Kirchner">Julianne Kirchner</a>, swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Klibanoff" title="Hank Klibanoff">Hank Klibanoff</a>, professor at <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Lazzara" title="Adam Lazzara">Adam Lazzara</a>, musician and lead singer of Taking Back Sunday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_LeBlanc" title="Lenny LeBlanc">Lenny LeBlanc</a>, songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Marsh" title="Jesse Marsh">Jesse Marsh</a>, comic book artist and animator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Martin_(actor)" title="Dewey Martin (actor)">Dewey Martin</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Matthews" title="Floyd Matthews">Floyd Matthews</a>, former member of the United States Navy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_McCreary" title="Alison McCreary">Alison McCreary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Alabama" title="Miss Alabama">Miss Alabama</a> 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran_McKee" title="Fran McKee">Fran McKee</a>, first female Rear Admiral in the United States Navy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">John McKinley</a>, U.S. congressman, senator, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Leslie_Michael" title="Don Leslie Michael">Don Leslie Michael</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Monroe_(disc_golfer)" title="Tom Monroe (disc golfer)">Tom Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melba_Montgomery" title="Melba Montgomery">Melba Montgomery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore_(photographer)" title="Charles Moore (photographer)">Charles Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mortvedt" title="John Mortvedt">John Mortvedt</a>, soil scientist at the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> in Muscle Shoals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harryette_Mullen" title="Harryette Mullen">Harryette Mullen</a>, professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_O%27Neal" title="Emmet O'Neal">Emmet O'Neal</a>, 34th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alabama">Governor of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Phagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Phagan">Mary Phagan</a>, 13-year-old girl murdered in Atlanta, Georgia, on April 26, 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a>, record producer, discovered <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Putnam" title="Norbert Putnam">Norbert Putnam</a>, record producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Rapier" title="James T. Rapier">James T. Rapier</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> from 1873 to 1875</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Reid_(fashion_designer)" title="Billy Reid (fashion designer)">Billy Reid</a>, fashion designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_P._Rice" title="Milton P. Rice">Milton P. Rice</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Tennessee">Attorney General of Tennessee</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State of Tennessee">Secretary of State of Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Roach_(American_football)" title="Freddie Roach (American football)">Freddie Roach</a>, American football player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Romine" title="Al Romine">Al Romine</a>, former professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosenbaum" title="Jonathan Rosenbaum">Jonathan Rosenbaum</a>, film critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimp_Sanderson" title="Wimp Sanderson">Wimp Sanderson</a>, former college basketball coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott" title="Dred Scott">Dred Scott</a>, of the <i>Dred Scott vs. Sanford</i> case</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Streit" title="Oscar Streit">Oscar Streit</a>, former professional baseball pitcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Stribling" title="T. S. Stribling">T. S. Stribling</a>, 20th-century novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Tate_(baseball)" title="Randy Tate (baseball)">Randy Tate</a>, former Major League Baseball pitcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Thompson_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Thompson (radio)">Mark Thompson</a>, radio personality and member of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mark_%26_Brian_Show" title="The Mark & Brian Show">The Mark & Brian Show</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Tompkins" title="Chris Tompkins">Chris Tompkins</a>, musician and Grammy-winning songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamonte_Turner" title="Lamonte Turner">Lamonte Turner</a>, University of Tennessee Basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Walker" title="Frank R. Walker">Frank R. Walker</a>, rear admiral in the United States Navy during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Weaver" title="Gary Weaver">Gary Weaver</a>, former professional football <a href="/wiki/Linebacker" title="Linebacker">linebacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Wesson" title="Jessica Wesson">Jessica Wesson</a>, retired actress.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dawg" title="White Dawg">White Dawg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">crunk</a> rapper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_White" title="John Paul White">John Paul White</a>, guitarist, singer and songwriter for Grammy Award-winning duo <a href="/wiki/The_Civil_Wars" title="The Civil Wars">The Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Willingham" title="Josh Willingham">Josh Willingham</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player, member of 2014 <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._A._M._Wood" title="S. A. M. Wood">S. A. M. Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a> general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Woods" title="Larry Woods">Larry Woods</a>, former professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_York_(television_personality)" title="Tom York (television personality)">Tom York</a>, television and radio personality</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence,_Alabama&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505230341/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/aliswww/history/acts_and_journals/Acts_1825/Acts_91-101.html">"Act 95 : "AN ACT to incorporate the town of Florence in the state of Alabama." : Acts Passed at the Seventh Annual Session of the General Assembly of the State of Alabama in 1825"</a>. <i>www.legislature.state.al.us</i>. <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Legislature" title="Alabama Legislature">Alabama Legislature</a>. May 5, 2021. pp. <span class="nowrap">70–</span>73. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislature.state.al.us/aliswww/history/acts_and_journals/Acts_1825/Acts_91-101.html">the original</a> on May 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Professional Disc Golf Association., <i>Pdga.com</i>, Retrieved March 12, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hmdb-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hmdb_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=35665">"Woodrow Wilson Park 1818"</a>. The Historical Marker Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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County, Alabama, U.S.A." </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Florence%2C+the+county-seat+of+Lauderdale+County%2C+Alabama%2C+U.S.A.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlorence%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.florencek12.org/">Florence City Schools</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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.navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_the_Florence–Muscle_Shoals_metropolitan_area_(Alabama)498" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Florence-Muscle_Shoals_Radio" title="Template:Florence-Muscle Shoals Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Florence-Muscle_Shoals_Radio" title="Template talk:Florence-Muscle Shoals Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Florence-Muscle_Shoals_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Florence-Muscle Shoals Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_the_Florence–Muscle_Shoals_metropolitan_area_(Alabama)498" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in the <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Muscle_Shoals_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area">Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WBCF_(AM)" title="WBCF (AM)">1240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBTG_(AM)" title="WBTG (AM)">1290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSBM" title="WSBM">1340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZZA" title="WZZA">1410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLAY_(AM)" title="WLAY (AM)">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNA_(AM)" title="WVNA (AM)">1590</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WQPR" class="mw-redirect" title="WQPR">88.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAKD" class="mw-redirect" title="WAKD">89.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFIX" title="WFIX">91.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYTK" title="WYTK">93.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMSR-FM" title="WMSR-FM">94.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXFL" title="WXFL">96.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLAY-FM" title="WLAY-FM">100.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMXV" title="WMXV">101.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFA" title="WWFA">102.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNA-FM" title="WVNA-FM">105.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBTG-FM" title="WBTG-FM">106.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQLT-FM" title="WQLT-FM">107.3</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">LPFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WNRA-LP" title="WNRA-LP">94.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJHF-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="WJHF-LP">106.9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W225AB" class="mw-redirect" title="W225AB">92.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W244EF" class="mw-redirect" title="W244EF">96.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W246BS" class="mw-redirect" title="W246BS">97.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W250BY" class="mw-redirect" title="W250BY">97.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W258AE" class="mw-redirect" title="W258AE">99.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W278CH" class="mw-redirect" title="W278CH">103.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W280DA" class="mw-redirect" title="W280DA">103.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W284DS" class="mw-redirect" title="W284DS">104.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W286DV" class="mw-redirect" title="W286DV">105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W290CZ" class="mw-redirect" title="W290CZ">105.9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">call sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W225AB" class="mw-redirect" title="W225AB">W225AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W244EF" class="mw-redirect" title="W244EF">W244EF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W246BS" class="mw-redirect" title="W246BS">W246BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W250BY" class="mw-redirect" title="W250BY">W250BY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W258AE" class="mw-redirect" title="W258AE">W258AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W278CH" class="mw-redirect" title="W278CH">W278CH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W280DA" class="mw-redirect" title="W280DA">W280DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W284DS" class="mw-redirect" title="W284DS">W284DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W286DV" class="mw-redirect" title="W286DV">W286DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W290CZ" class="mw-redirect" title="W290CZ">W290CZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAKD" class="mw-redirect" title="WAKD">WAKD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBCF_(AM)" title="WBCF (AM)">WBCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBTG_(AM)" title="WBTG (AM)">WBTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBTG-FM" title="WBTG-FM">WBTG-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFIX" title="WFIX">WFIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJHF-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="WJHF-LP">WJHF-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLAY_(AM)" title="WLAY (AM)">WLAY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLAY-FM" title="WLAY-FM">WLAY-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMSR-FM" title="WMSR-FM">WMSR-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMXV" title="WMXV">WMXV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNRA-LP" title="WNRA-LP">WNRA-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQLT-FM" title="WQLT-FM">WQLT-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQPR" class="mw-redirect" title="WQPR">WQPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSBM" title="WSBM">WSBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNA_(AM)" title="WVNA (AM)">WVNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNA-FM" title="WVNA-FM">WVNA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFA" title="WWFA">WWFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXFL" title="WXFL">WXFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYTK" title="WYTK">WYTK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZZA" title="WZZA">WZZA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WJHX" title="WJHX">WJHX (620 AM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Nearby regions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Huntsville_AL_Radio" title="Template:Huntsville AL Radio">Huntsville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Jackson_TN_Radio" title="Template:Jackson TN Radio">Jackson and Northwest Tennessee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nashville_Radio" title="Template:Nashville Radio">Nashville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tullahoma_Radio" title="Template:Tullahoma Radio">Tullahoma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tupelo_Radio" title="Template:Tupelo Radio">Tupelo</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Alabama" title="List of radio stations in Alabama">List of radio stations in Alabama</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama,_United_States490" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Template:Lauderdale County, Alabama"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Template talk:Lauderdale County, Alabama"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lauderdale County, Alabama"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama,_United_States490" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Lauderdale County, Alabama"><span class="region">Lauderdale County, Alabama</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Florence</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Florence</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Alabama highlighting Lauderdale County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Lauderdale_County.svg/63px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Lauderdale_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Lauderdale_County.svg/95px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Lauderdale_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Lauderdale_County.svg/126px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Lauderdale_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="1018" /></span><figcaption>Map of Alabama highlighting Lauderdale County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Anderson, Lauderdale County, Alabama">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killen,_Alabama" title="Killen, Alabama">Killen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Alabama" title="Lexington, Alabama">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogersville,_Alabama" title="Rogersville, Alabama">Rogersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Florian,_Alabama" title="St. Florian, Alabama">St. Florian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Alabama" title="Waterloo, Alabama">Waterloo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwood-Petersville,_Alabama" title="Underwood-Petersville, Alabama">Underwood-Petersville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Springs,_Alabama" title="Bailey Springs, Alabama">Bailey Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Star,_Alabama" title="Center Star, Alabama">Center Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverdale,_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Cloverdale, Lauderdale County, Alabama">Cloverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Alabama" title="Elgin, Alabama">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassy,_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Grassy, Lauderdale County, Alabama">Grassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Hill,_Alabama" title="Green Hill, Alabama">Green Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Hill,_Alabama" title="Mars Hill, Alabama">Mars Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Oakland, Lauderdale County, Alabama">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesville,_Alabama" title="Rhodesville, Alabama">Rhodesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonia,_Alabama" title="Smithsonia, Alabama">Smithsonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewartville,_Lauderdale_County,_Alabama" title="Stewartville, Lauderdale County, Alabama">Stewartville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threet,_Alabama" title="Threet, Alabama">Threet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright,_Alabama" title="Wright, Alabama">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zip_City,_Alabama" title="Zip City, Alabama">Zip City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alabama_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Alabama (state)"><span>Alabama portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Alabama31" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alabama_county_seats" 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title="Anniston, Alabama">Anniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Alabama" title="Ashland, Alabama">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashville,_Alabama" title="Ashville, Alabama">Ashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Alabama" title="Athens, Alabama">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Minette,_Alabama" title="Bay Minette, Alabama">Bay Minette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewton,_Alabama" title="Brewton, Alabama">Brewton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler,_Alabama" title="Butler, Alabama">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_Alabama" title="Camden, Alabama">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Alabama" title="Carrollton, Alabama">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre,_Alabama" title="Centre, Alabama">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Alabama" title="Centreville, Alabama">Centreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatom,_Alabama" title="Chatom, Alabama">Chatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clanton,_Alabama" title="Clanton, Alabama">Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Alabama" title="Clayton, Alabama">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbiana,_Alabama" title="Columbiana, Alabama">Columbiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullman,_Alabama" title="Cullman, Alabama">Cullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadeville,_Alabama" title="Dadeville, Alabama">Dadeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothan,_Alabama" title="Dothan, Alabama">Dothan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Springs,_Alabama" title="Double Springs, Alabama">Double Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elba,_Alabama" title="Elba, Alabama">Elba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise,_Alabama" title="Enterprise, Alabama">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutaw,_Alabama" title="Eutaw, Alabama">Eutaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen,_Conecuh_County,_Alabama" title="Evergreen, Conecuh County, Alabama">Evergreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Alabama" title="Fayette, Alabama">Fayette</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Payne,_Alabama" title="Fort Payne, Alabama">Fort Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_Alabama" title="Gadsden, Alabama">Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva,_Alabama" title="Geneva, Alabama">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_Alabama" title="Greensboro, Alabama">Greensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Alabama" title="Greenville, Alabama">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_Hill,_Alabama" title="Grove Hill, Alabama">Grove Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntersville,_Alabama" title="Guntersville, Alabama">Guntersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Alabama" title="Hamilton, Alabama">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayneville,_Alabama" title="Hayneville, Alabama">Hayneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heflin,_Alabama" title="Heflin, Alabama">Heflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Alabama" title="Jasper, Alabama">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Alabama" title="LaFayette, Alabama">LaFayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Alabama" title="Linden, Alabama">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Alabama" title="Livingston, Alabama">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luverne,_Alabama" title="Luverne, Alabama">Luverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Alabama" title="Marion, Alabama">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroeville,_Alabama" title="Monroeville, Alabama">Monroeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Alabama" title="Moulton, Alabama">Moulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneonta,_Alabama" title="Oneonta, Alabama">Oneonta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelika,_Alabama" title="Opelika, Alabama">Opelika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark,_Alabama" title="Ozark, Alabama">Ozark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pell_City,_Alabama" title="Pell City, Alabama">Pell City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenix_City,_Alabama" title="Phenix City, Alabama">Phenix City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prattville,_Alabama" title="Prattville, Alabama">Prattville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Alabama" title="Rockford, Alabama">Rockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russellville,_Alabama" title="Russellville, Alabama">Russellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsboro,_Alabama" title="Scottsboro, Alabama">Scottsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Alabama" title="Selma, Alabama">Selma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talladega,_Alabama" title="Talladega, Alabama">Talladega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Alabama" title="Troy, Alabama">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscumbia,_Alabama" title="Tuscumbia, Alabama">Tuscumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee,_Alabama" title="Tuskegee, Alabama">Tuskegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Springs,_Alabama" title="Union Springs, Alabama">Union Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Alabama" title="Vernon, Alabama">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedowee,_Alabama" title="Wedowee, Alabama">Wedowee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetumpka,_Alabama" title="Wetumpka, Alabama">Wetumpka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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