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<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviator_hat&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator hat">Aviator hat</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pilot's headgear</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG/170px-2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG/255px-2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG/340px-2015-03-07_-_Thinktank_-_Sasha_Taylor_-_56.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helen_Kerly" title="Helen Kerly">Helen Kerly</a>'s helmet from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg/220px-Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg/330px-Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg/440px-Roald_Dahl%27s_leather_flying_helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3611" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a> flying helmet from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, fitted with oxygen mask and communications equipment</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>leather flying helmet</b>, also known as an <b>aviator hat</b> , <b>bomber hat</b> or <b>soft flight helmet</b>, is a usually leather cap with large earflaps, a chin strap, and often a short bill that is commonly turned up at the front to show the lining (often <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">fleece</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a>). It is often worn with <a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">goggles</a>. It may be made of other materials, such as felt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the rise of motorsport and aviation at the start of the 1900s, leather was becoming a popular choice for protective gear from the cold and the engine noise.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has many advantages that made it the ideal material for flying helmets: It is warm, durable, impermeable to liquids including water, flexible, and can be cut to curve around the head. It is wind proof and has the great advantage of not accumulating dust. It was also found that leather helmets offered some protection against fire.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufacturers of early flying helmets were <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dunhill_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Dunhill Ltd.">Alfred Dunhill Ltd.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamages" title="Gamages">Gamages</a> of London, England, and Roold in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Female pilots in the early part of the 1900s were able to wear the same design of protective clothing, including helmets, as their male counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British engineers led by Charles Edmond Prince added <a href="/wiki/Throat_microphone" title="Throat microphone">throat microphones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Earphones">earphones</a> into these helmets during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> for hands-free communications in the noisy and windy environment of aircraft <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-archives_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marsh_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the advent of closed-cockpit airplanes, head protection became less necessary (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> still wore a leather helmet when he crossed the Atlantic in 1927, though his <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_St._Louis" title="Spirit of St. Louis">Spirit of St. Louis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a> had a closed cockpit). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a>, leather helmets were continuously used and developed. A well-known early leather flying helmet was the British Type B helmet, designed to accommodate earphones in pockets in the ear-flaps and easy to wear with <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_mask" title="Oxygen mask">oxygen masks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goggles" title="Goggles">goggles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a> has several examples used in both World Wars, with detailed descriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See illustration above of a Type B flying helmet that belonged to <a href="/wiki/Spitfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Spitfire">Spitfire</a> delivery pilot <a href="/wiki/Helen_Kerly" title="Helen Kerly">Helen Kerly</a>, now in the <a href="/wiki/Thinktank,_Birmingham_Science_Museum" title="Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum">Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum</a>. </p><p>With the advent of <a href="/wiki/Jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet fighter">jet fighters</a> after the Second World War, solid <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber">carbon fiber</a> <a href="/wiki/Flight_helmet" title="Flight helmet">flight helmets</a> replaced leather helmets in the cockpits of aircraft. <i>Aviator's hats</i> continue in popularity as a fashion accessory and winter headwear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leather_flying_helmet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacket_(AM_1998.10.1-6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jacket_%28AM_1998.10.1-6%29.jpg/106px-Jacket_%28AM_1998.10.1-6%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jacket_%28AM_1998.10.1-6%29.jpg/159px-Jacket_%28AM_1998.10.1-6%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Jacket_%28AM_1998.10.1-6%29.jpg/212px-Jacket_%28AM_1998.10.1-6%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:98-5-F_Helmet,_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps,_Type_AN-H-15_(5123665598).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/98-5-F_Helmet%2C_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps%2C_Type_AN-H-15_%285123665598%29.jpg/90px-98-5-F_Helmet%2C_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps%2C_Type_AN-H-15_%285123665598%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/98-5-F_Helmet%2C_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps%2C_Type_AN-H-15_%285123665598%29.jpg/135px-98-5-F_Helmet%2C_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps%2C_Type_AN-H-15_%285123665598%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/98-5-F_Helmet%2C_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps%2C_Type_AN-H-15_%285123665598%29.jpg/180px-98-5-F_Helmet%2C_Flight_U.S._Army_Air_Corps%2C_Type_AN-H-15_%285123665598%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_(CV-16)_c_Nov_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_c_Nov_1943.jpg/120px-VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_c_Nov_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_c_Nov_1943.jpg/180px-VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_c_Nov_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_c_Nov_1943.jpg/240px-VF-16_pilots_aboard_USS_Lexington_%28CV-16%29_c_Nov_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leather_flying_helmet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_aviation_articles" title="Index of aviation articles">Index of aviation articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leather_flying_helmet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ameliaearhartmuseum.org/single-post/2020/10/26/coming-soon">Text from the Amelia Earhart Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRood2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rood, Graham (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319070639/http://aerosociety.com/Assets/Docs/Publications/The%20Journal%20of%20Aeronautical%20History/2014-01_Rood_Aircrew_clothing.pdf">"A brief History of Flying Clothing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Aeronautical History</i>. <b>2014</b> (1): 3–54. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerosociety.com/Assets/Docs/Publications/The%20Journal%20of%20Aeronautical%20History/2014-01_Rood_Aircrew_clothing.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aeronautical+History&rft.atitle=A+brief+History+of+Flying+Clothing&rft.volume=2014&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-54&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rood&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faerosociety.com%2FAssets%2FDocs%2FPublications%2FThe%2520Journal%2520of%2520Aeronautical%2520History%2F2014-01_Rood_Aircrew_clothing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeather+flying+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archives-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archives_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The National Archives, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/telecommunications-in-war/">Fighting talk: First World War telecommunications</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marsh-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marsh_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE Spectrum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/in-world-war-i-british-biplanes-had-wireless-phones-in-cockpit">In World War I, British Biplanes Had Wireless Phones in the Cockpit</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30015877">"Flying Helmet, Leather, Type B: Royal Air Force (1917)"</a>. <i>Imperial War Museums</i>. EQU 3845<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+War+Museums&rft.atitle=Flying+Helmet%2C+Leather%2C+Type+B%3A+Royal+Air+Force+%281917%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F30015877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeather+flying+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30015973">"Flying Helmet, B Type: Royal Air Force (1941)"</a>. <i>Imperial War Museums</i>. EQU 3932<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+War+Museums&rft.atitle=Flying+Helmet%2C+B+Type%3A+Royal+Air+Force+%281941%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F30015973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeather+flying+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> Detailed entry describing one of several IWM exhibits.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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