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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Down_hair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Down_hair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Down hair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Down_hair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awn_hair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awn_hair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Awn hair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awn_hair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guard_hair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guard_hair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Guard hair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guard_hair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mammals_with_reduced_fur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammals_with_reduced_fur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mammals with reduced fur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mammals_with_reduced_fur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mammals with reduced fur subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mammals_with_reduced_fur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Natural selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Artificial selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use in clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellizo" title="Pellizo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pellizo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun%C3%A2" title="Gunâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gunâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelame" title="Pelame – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pelame" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99z" title="Xəz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xəz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Поўсць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Поўсць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barahibo" title="Barahibo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Barahibo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Козина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Козина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzno" title="Krzno – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krzno" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelatge" title="Pelatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pelatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Çăм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srst" title="Srst – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Srst" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pels" title="Pels – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pels" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fell" title="Fell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karvastik" title="Karvastik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karvastik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γούνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γούνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelaje" title="Pelaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pelaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felo" title="Felo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Felo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilaje" title="Ilaje – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ilaje" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2" title="خز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourrure" title="Fourrure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fourrure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pels" title="Pels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fionnadh" title="Fionnadh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fionnadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelaxe" title="Pelaxe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pelaxe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%94%BC" title="모피 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모피" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%AB" title="Մորթի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մորթի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊर्णाजिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊर्णाजिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzno" title="Krzno – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krzno" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furo" title="Furo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Furo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amau" title="Amau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%B0skinn" title="Loðskinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loðskinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94" title="פרווה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרווה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulu_k%C3%A9wan" title="Wulu kéwan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wulu kéwan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94n%C9%9B_n%C9%9B_%C9%96%C9%A9h%CA%8Bnd%CA%8B_t%C9%94%C9%94la" title="Tɔnɛ nɛ ɖɩhʋndʋ tɔɔla – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔnɛ nɛ ɖɩhʋndʋ tɔɔla" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Мех – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мех" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83" title="Ку – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ку" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellis" title="Pellis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pellis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BEok%C4%81da" title="Kažokāda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kažokāda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kailis" title="Kailis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kailis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Крзно – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крзно" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu" title="Bulu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="သားမွေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သားမွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacht" title="Vacht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vacht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%9A%AE" title="毛皮 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="毛皮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0" title="ТӀаргӀа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТӀаргӀа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pels" title="Pels – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pels" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pels" title="Pels – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pels" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelissa" title="Pelissa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pelissa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0" title="ਫਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futro" title="Futro – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Futro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelo" title="Pelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soft, thick, hairy coat of a mammal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Furs" and "Pelt" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fur_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fur (disambiguation)">Fur (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Furs (disambiguation)">Furs (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pelt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pelt (disambiguation)">Pelt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg/300px-GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg/450px-GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg/600px-GrizzlyBearJeanBeaufort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>Like many mammals, <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_bear" title="Grizzly bear">grizzly bears</a> are covered in thick fur.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fur</b> is a thick growth of <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a> that covers the skin of almost all <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>. It consists of a combination of oily <a href="#Guard_hair">guard hair</a> on top and thick <a href="#Down_hair">underfur</a> beneath. The guard hair keeps moisture from reaching the skin; the underfur acts as an <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">insulating</a> blanket that keeps the animal warm.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fur of mammals has many uses: protection, sensory purposes, waterproofing, and camouflaging, with the primary usage being thermoregulation.<sup id="cite_ref-dawson2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawson2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The types of hair include<sup id="cite_ref-hair_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hair-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 99">: 99 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>definitive</i>, which may be <a href="/wiki/Moulting" title="Moulting">shed</a> after reaching a certain length;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vibrissae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrissae">vibrissae</a></i>, which are sensory hairs and are most commonly whiskers;</li> <li><i>pelage</i>, which consists of guard hairs, under-fur, and <a href="/wiki/Awn_hair" title="Awn hair">awn hair</a>;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spine_(zoology)" title="Spine (zoology)">spines</a></i>, which are a type of stiff guard hair used for defense in, for example, <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupines</a>;</li> <li><i>bristles</i>, which are long hairs usually used in visual signals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mane_(lion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mane (lion)">mane</a> of a lion;</li> <li><i>velli</i>, often called "down fur", which insulates newborn mammals; and</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a></i>, which is long, soft, and often curly.</li></ul> <p>Hair length is negligible in thermoregulation, as some tropical mammals, such as sloths, have the same fur length as some arctic mammals but with less insulation; and, conversely, other tropical mammals with short hair have the same insulating value as arctic mammals. The denseness of fur can increase an animal's insulation value, and arctic mammals especially have dense fur; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">muskox</a> has guard hairs measuring 30 cm (12 in) as well as a dense underfur, which forms an airtight coat, allowing them to survive in temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-hair_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hair-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 162–163">: 162–163 </span></sup> Some desert mammals, such as camels, use dense fur to prevent solar heat from reaching their skin, allowing the animal to stay cool; a camel's fur may reach 70 °C (158 °F) in the summer, but the skin stays at 40 °C (104 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-hair_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hair-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_mammal" title="Aquatic mammal">Aquatic mammals</a>, conversely, trap air in their fur to conserve heat by keeping the skin dry.<sup id="cite_ref-hair_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hair-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 162–163">: 162–163 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG/220px-Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG/330px-Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG/440px-Great_male_Leopard_in_South_Afrika-JD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Disruptive_coloration" title="Disruptive coloration">disruptively colored</a> coat provides <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a> for this <a href="/wiki/Ambush_predator" title="Ambush predator">ambush predator</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mammalian coats are colored for a variety of reasons, the major selective pressures including <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual selection</a>, communication, and physiological processes such as temperature regulation. Camouflage is a powerful influence in many mammals, as it helps to conceal individuals from predators or prey.<sup id="cite_ref-bioscience.oxfordjournals.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioscience.oxfordjournals.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aposematism" title="Aposematism">Aposematism</a>, warning off possible predators, is the most likely explanation of the black-and-white pelage of many mammals which are able to defend themselves, such as in the foul-smelling <a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunk</a> and the powerful and aggressive <a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">honey badger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In arctic and subarctic mammals such as the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">arctic fox</a> (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Collared_lemming" title="Collared lemming">collared lemming</a> (<i>Dicrostonyx groenlandicus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a> (<i>Mustela erminea</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_hare" title="Snowshoe hare">snowshoe hare</a> (<i>Lepus americanus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Seasonal_polyphenism" class="mw-redirect" title="Seasonal polyphenism">seasonal color change</a> between brown in summer and white in winter is driven largely by camouflage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences in female and male coat color may indicate nutrition and hormone levels, important in mate selection.<sup id="cite_ref-eva.mpg.de_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eva.mpg.de-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some arboreal mammals, notably primates and marsupials, have shades of violet, green, or blue skin on parts of their bodies, indicating some distinct advantage in their largely <a href="/wiki/Arboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboreal">arboreal</a> habitat due to <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The green coloration of sloths, however, is the result of a <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbiotic</a> relationship with algae.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coat color is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexually dimorphic</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism_in_non-human_primates#Pelage_color_and_markings" title="Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates">many primate species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coat color may influence the ability to retain heat, depending on how much light is reflected. Mammals with darker colored coats can absorb more heat from solar radiation and stay warmer; some smaller mammals, such as <a href="/wiki/Vole" title="Vole">voles</a>, have darker fur in the winter. The white, pigmentless fur of arctic mammals, such as the polar bear, may reflect more solar radiation directly onto the skin.<sup id="cite_ref-hair_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hair-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 166–167">: 166–167 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dawson2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawson2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opossum_fur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Opossum_fur.jpg/220px-Opossum_fur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Opossum_fur.jpg/330px-Opossum_fur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Opossum_fur.jpg/440px-Opossum_fur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">Opossum</a> fur</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>pelage</i> – first known use in English <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1828</span> (French, from Middle French, from <span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm">poil</i></span> for 'hair', from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">peilss</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pilus</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) – is sometimes used to refer to an animal's complete <a href="/wiki/Coat_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (animal)">coat</a>. The term fur is also used to refer to animal pelts that have been processed into leather with their hair still attached. The words <i>fur</i> or <i>furry</i> are also used, more casually, to refer to hair-like growths or formations, particularly when the subject being referred to exhibits a dense coat of fine, soft "hairs". If layered, rather than grown as a single <a href="/wiki/Coat_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (animal)">coat</a>, it may consist of short down hairs, long <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guard_hair" class="extiw" title="wikt:guard hair">guard hairs</a>, and in some cases, medium <a href="/wiki/Awn_hair" title="Awn hair">awn hairs</a>. Mammals with reduced amounts of fur are often called "naked", as with the <a href="/wiki/Naked_mole-rat" title="Naked mole-rat">naked mole-rat</a>, or "hairless", as with <a href="/wiki/Hairless_dog" title="Hairless dog">hairless dogs</a>. </p><p>An animal with commercially valuable fur is known within the <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur industry</a> as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">furbearer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of <a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">fur as clothing</a> or decoration is controversial; <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> advocates object to the trapping and killing of wildlife, and the confinement and killing of animals on <a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">fur farms</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG/220px-Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG/330px-Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG/440px-Down_Awn_and_guard_hairs_of_cat_2012_11_13_9203r.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="3223" /></a><figcaption>Down, awn and guard hairs of a domestic tabby cat</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern mammalian fur arrangement is known to have occurred as far back as <a href="/wiki/Docodonta" title="Docodonta">docodonts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haramiyida" title="Haramiyida">haramiyidans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eutriconodonta" title="Eutriconodonta">eutriconodonts</a>, with specimens of <i><a href="/wiki/Castorocauda" title="Castorocauda">Castorocauda</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Megaconus" title="Megaconus">Megaconus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spinolestes" title="Spinolestes">Spinolestes</a></i> preserving compound follicles with both guard hair and underfur. </p><p>Fur may consist of three layers, each with a different type of hair. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="down_hair"></span><span class="anchor" id="downhair"></span><span class="anchor" id="underfur"></span><span class="anchor" id="DownHair"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Down_hair">Down hair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Down hair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Down hair</b> (also known as <b>underfur</b>, <b>undercoat</b>, <b>underhair</b> or <b>ground hair</b>) is the bottom – or inner – layer, composed of wavy or curly hairs with no straight portions or sharp points. Down hairs, which are also flat, tend to be the shortest and most numerous in the coat. <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">Thermoregulation</a> is the principal function of the down hair, which insulates a layer of dry air next to the skin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awn_hair">Awn hair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awn hair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Awn_hair" title="Awn hair">Awn hair</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Awn_hair" title="Awn hair">awn hair</a> can be thought of as a hybrid, bridging the gap between the distinctly different characteristics of down and guard hairs. Awn hairs begin their growth much like guard hairs, but less than halfway to their full length, awn hairs start to grow thin and wavy like down hair. The <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">proximal</a> part of the awn hair assists in thermoregulation (like the down hair), whereas the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">distal</a> part can shed water (like the guard hair). The awn hair's thin basal portion does not allow the amount of <a href="/wiki/Goose_bumps" title="Goose bumps">piloerection</a> that the stiffer guard hairs are capable of. Mammals with well-developed down and guard hairs also usually have large numbers of awn hairs, which may even sometimes be the bulk of the visible coat. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="GuardHair"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guard_hair">Guard hair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Guard hair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">Guard hair</a></div> <p><b>Guard hair</b> (<b>overhair</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the top—or outer—layer of the coat. Guard hairs are longer, generally coarser, and have nearly straight shafts that protrude through the layer of softer down hair. The <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location" title="Anatomical terms of location">distal</a> end of the guard hair is the visible layer of most mammal coats. This layer has the most marked <a href="/wiki/Pigmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigmentation">pigmentation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloss_(optics)" title="Gloss (optics)">gloss</a>, manifesting as coat markings that are adapted for <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a> or display. Guard hair repels water and blocks sunlight, protecting the undercoat and skin in wet or aquatic habitats, and from the sun's <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> radiation. Guard hairs can also reduce the severity of <a href="/wiki/Wound#Open" title="Wound">cuts or scratches</a> to the skin. Many mammals, such as the domestic dog and cat, have a <a href="/wiki/Pilomotor_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilomotor reflex">pilomotor reflex</a> that raises their guard hairs as part of a <a href="/wiki/Threat_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Threat display">threat display</a> when agitated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mammals_with_reduced_fur">Mammals with reduced fur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mammals with reduced fur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg/220px-Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg/330px-Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg/440px-Wet_Fur_-_CGI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Computer generated image of wet fur</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals; however, several species or breeds have considerably reduced amounts of fur. These are often called "naked"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or "hairless".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_selection">Natural selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Natural selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some mammals naturally have reduced amounts of fur. Some <a href="/wiki/Semiaquatic" title="Semiaquatic">semiaquatic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_animal" title="Aquatic animal">aquatic</a> mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Cetacean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean">cetaceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">pinnipeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippopotamuses">hippopotamuses</a> have evolved hairlessness, presumably to reduce resistance through water. The <a href="/wiki/Naked_mole-rat" title="Naked mole-rat">naked mole-rat</a> has evolved hairlessness, perhaps as an adaptation to their subterranean lifestyle. Two of the largest extant terrestrial mammals, the <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a>, are largely hairless. The <a href="/wiki/Hairless_bat" title="Hairless bat">hairless bat</a> is mostly hairless but does have short bristly hairs around its neck, on its front toes, and around the throat sac, along with fine hairs on the head and tail membrane. Most hairless animals cannot go in the sun for long periods of time, or stay in the cold for too long.<sup id="cite_ref-ADW_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADW-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">Marsupials</a> are born hairless and grow out fur later in development. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Humans</a> are the only <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primate</a> species that have undergone significant hair loss. The hairlessness of humans compared to related species may be due to loss of functionality in the <a href="/wiki/Pseudogene" title="Pseudogene">pseudogene</a> KRTHAP1 (which helps produce <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the researchers dated the mutation to 240 000 ya, both the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai</a> <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neandertal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovan</a> peoples possessed the loss-of-function mutation, indicating it is much older. Mutations in the gene <a href="/wiki/HR_(gene)" title="HR (gene)">HR</a> can lead to <a href="/wiki/Alopecia_universalis" title="Alopecia universalis">complete hair loss</a>, though this is not typical in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_selection">Artificial selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Artificial selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At times, when a hairless domesticated animal is discovered, usually owing to a naturally occurring genetic mutation, humans may intentionally inbreed those hairless individuals and, after multiple generations, artificially create hairless breeds. There are several breeds of hairless cats, perhaps the most commonly known being the <a href="/wiki/Sphynx_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphynx (cat)">Sphynx cat</a>. Similarly, there are some breeds of <a href="/wiki/Hairless_dog" title="Hairless dog">hairless dogs</a>. Other examples of artificially selected hairless animals include the <a href="/wiki/Skinny_pig" title="Skinny pig">hairless guinea-pig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nude_mouse" title="Nude mouse">nude mouse</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hairless_rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairless rat">hairless rat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_clothing">Use in clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Use in clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></div> <p>Fur has long served as a source of clothing for humans, including <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a>. Historically, it was worn for its insulating quality, with aesthetics becoming a factor over time. Pelts were worn in or out, depending on their characteristics and desired use. Today fur and trim used in garments may be dyed bright colors or to mimic exotic animal patterns, or shorn close like <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a>. The term "a fur" may connote a coat, wrap, or shawl. </p><p>The manufacturing of fur clothing involves obtaining animal pelts where the hair is left on the animal's processed skin. In contrast, making <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> involves removing the hair from the hide or pelt and using only the skin. </p><p>Fur is also used to make <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>. A common felt is made from beaver fur and is used in <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler hats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top hats</a>, and high-end <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hats" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowboy hats">cowboy hats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">Common furbearers</a> used include <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mink" title="Mink">mink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskrat" title="Muskrat">muskrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">ermine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">sable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinchilla" title="Chinchilla">chinchilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemur" title="Lemur">lemur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">possum</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The iconic bearskins of the King's Guard at Buckingham Palace are made from the fur of American black bears."><img alt="The iconic bearskins of the King's Guard at Buckingham Palace are made from the fur of American black bears." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg/133px-Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg/200px-Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg/266px-Buckingham-palace-guard-11279634947G5ru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The iconic <a href="/wiki/Bearskin" title="Bearskin">bearskins</a> of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Guard" title="King's Guard">King's Guard</a> at Buckingham Palace are made from the fur of <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bears</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Eielson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A seal fur coat worn by Carl Ben Eielson (1897–1929), USAF pilot and Arctic explorer"><img alt="A seal fur coat worn by Carl Ben Eielson (1897–1929), USAF pilot and Arctic explorer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Carl_Eielson.jpg/130px-Carl_Eielson.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Carl_Eielson.jpg/195px-Carl_Eielson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Carl_Eielson.jpg/261px-Carl_Eielson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">seal fur</a> coat worn by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ben_Eielson" title="Carl Ben Eielson">Carl Ben Eielson</a> (1897–1929), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> pilot and Arctic explorer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn,_Estland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A fur store in Tallinn, Estonia, in 2019"><img alt="A fur store in Tallinn, Estonia, in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn%2C_Estland.jpg/200px-Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn%2C_Estland.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn%2C_Estland.jpg/300px-Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn%2C_Estland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn%2C_Estland.jpg/400px-Pelz-Verkaufsstand_in_Tallinn%2C_Estland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="861" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A fur store in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia, in 2019</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Cat coat genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (animal)">Coat (animal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">Plumage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_hair" title="Rabbit hair">Rabbit hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">Tanning (leather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futfell" title="Futfell">Futfell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinning" title="Skinning">Skinning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/fur-animal-skin#ref114471">"Fur | animal skin"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fur+%7C+animal+skin&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Ffur-animal-skin%23ref114471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawson2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dawson2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawson2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonWebsterMaloney2014" class="citation journal cs1">Dawson, T. J.; Webster, K. N.; Maloney, S. K. (2014). "The fur of mammals in exposed environments; do crypsis and thermal needs necessarily conflict? The polar bear and marsupial koala compared". <i>Journal of Comparative Physiology B</i>. <b>184</b> (2): 273–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00360-013-0794-8">10.1007/s00360-013-0794-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24366474">24366474</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9481486">9481486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Physiology+B&rft.atitle=The+fur+of+mammals+in+exposed+environments%3B+do+crypsis+and+thermal+needs+necessarily+conflict%3F+The+polar+bear+and+marsupial+koala+compared&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=273-284&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9481486%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24366474&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00360-013-0794-8&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft.au=Webster%2C+K.+N.&rft.au=Maloney%2C+S.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hair-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hair_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hair_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hair_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hair_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hair_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldhamerDrickamerVesseyMerritt2007" class="citation book cs1">Feldhamer, George A.; Drickamer, Lee C.; Vessey, Stephen H.; Merritt, Joseph H.; Krajewski, Carey (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=udCnKce9hfoC&pg=PA97"><i>Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology</i></a> (3 ed.). 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"Human type I hair keratin pseudogene phihHaA has functional orthologs in the chimpanzee and gorilla: Evidence for recent inactivation of the human gene after the Pan-Homo divergence". <i>Human Genetics</i>. <b>108</b> (1): 37–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004390000439">10.1007/s004390000439</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11214905">11214905</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21545865">21545865</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Human+type+I+hair+keratin+pseudogene+phihHaA+has+functional+orthologs+in+the+chimpanzee+and+gorilla%3A+Evidence+for+recent+inactivation+of+the+human+gene+after+the+Pan-Homo+divergence&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-42&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21545865%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11214905&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004390000439&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Langbein%2C+L.&rft.au=Krawczak%2C+M.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+D.+N.&rft.au=Jave-Suarez%2C+L.+F.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+M.+A.&rft.au=Praetzel%2C+S.&rft.au=Heidt%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=Schweizer%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbasi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Abbasi, Amir Ali (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3216519">"Molecular evolution of HR, a gene that regulates the postnatal cycle of the hair follicle"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>1</b>: 32. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NatSR...1E..32A">2011NatSR...1E..32A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep00032">10.1038/srep00032</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3216519">3216519</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22355551">22355551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Molecular+evolution+of+HR%2C+a+gene+that+regulates+the+postnatal+cycle+of+the+hair+follicle&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=32&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3216519%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22355551&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep00032&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011NatSR...1E..32A&rft.aulast=Abbasi&rft.aufirst=Amir+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3216519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chamber's journal, Published by Orr and Smith, 1952, p. 200, Original from the University of Michigan.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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binucao">Binukaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">Blackberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_gummi-gutta" title="Garcinia gummi-gutta">Gambooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea" title="Vaccinium vitis-idaea">Lingonberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">Strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca">Woodland strawberry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaf_vegetables" title="List of leaf vegetables">Edible plants</a> / <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">Betel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddlehead" title="Fiddlehead">Fiddlehead ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">Heart of palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Mahuwa_flowers" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahuwa flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu" title="Metroxylon sagu">Sago palm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycas_circinalis" title="Cycas circinalis">queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%A9_powder" title="Filé powder">filé powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenoa" title="Serenoa">Saw palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng#Wild_ginseng" title="Ginseng">Wild ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_onion" title="Wild onion">Wild onions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">Bear garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_canadense" title="Allium canadense">Canada onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_vineale" title="Allium vineale">Crow garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_bisceptrum" title="Allium bisceptrum">Twincrest onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_validum" title="Allium validum">Pacific mountain onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tricoccum" title="Allium tricoccum">Ramps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">Mushrooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russula_vesca" title="Russula vesca">Bare-toothed russula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imleria_badia" title="Imleria badia">Bay bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_scabrum" title="Leccinum scabrum">Birch bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boletus_edulis" title="Boletus edulis">Cep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantharellus" title="Cantharellus">Chanterelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armillaria_mellea" title="Armillaria mellea">Honey mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_(mushroom)" title="Lingzhi (mushroom)">Lingzhi</a> (reishi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsutake" title="Matsutake">Matsutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaricus_campestris" title="Agaricus campestris">Meadow mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morchella" title="Morchella">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleurotus_ostreatus" title="Pleurotus ostreatus">Oyster mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrolepiota_procera" title="Macrolepiota procera">Parasol mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_aurantiacum" title="Leccinum aurantiacum">Red cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_deliciosus" title="Lactarius deliciosus">Saffron milk cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suillus_luteus" title="Suillus luteus">Slippery jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricholoma_equestre" title="Tricholoma equestre">Yellow knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphium_affine" title="Scaphium affine">Malva nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">waxes</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allanblackia_oil" title="Allanblackia oil">Allanblackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babassu_oil" title="Babassu oil">Babassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonia" title="Platonia">Bacuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlenut_oil" title="Candlenut oil">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_grandiflorum" title="Theobroma grandiflorum">Capuacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnauba_wax" title="Carnauba wax">Carnauba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydnocarpus_wightiana_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil">Chaulmoogra <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Hydnocarpus wightiana</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_oil" title="Eucalyptus oil">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illipe" title="Illipe">Illipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_wax" title="Japan wax">Japan wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokum_butter" title="Kokum butter">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pycnanthus_angolensis" title="Pycnanthus angolensis">Kombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadesma_butyracea" title="Pentadesma butyracea">Kpangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusum_oil" title="Kusum oil">Kusum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichilia_emetica" title="Trichilia emetica">Mafura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Oil" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_oil" title="Mango oil">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_murumuru" title="Astrocaryum murumuru">Murumuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagkesar_seed_oil" title="Nagkesar seed oil">Nagkesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">kernel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwara_oil" title="Phulwara oil">Phulwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilu_oil" title="Pilu oil">Pilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongamia_oil" title="Pongamia oil">Pongamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta_seed_oil" title="Shorea robusta seed oil">Sal-seed <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Shorea robusta</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalwood_oil" title="Sandalwood oil">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanu_oil" title="Tamanu oil">Tamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea-seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea-tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_aculeatum" title="Astrocaryum aculeatum">Tucuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucuhuba_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucuhuba seed oil">Ucuuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vateria_indica_oil" title="Vateria indica oil"><i>Vateria indica</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">Resins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoin_(resin)" title="Benzoin (resin)">Benzoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Birch tar">Birch tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creosote#Wood-tar_creosote" title="Creosote">Creosote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauri_gum" title="Kauri gum">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_tar" title="Pine tar">Pine tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" title="Pitch (resin)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">Rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">Turpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a> / <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">gum</a> / etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicle" title="Chicle">Chicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">chewing gum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Coconut sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_sugar" title="Date sugar">Date sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">Fruit syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_(botany)" title="Kino (botany)">Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">Latex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">Maple sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akpeteshie" title="Akpeteshie">akpeteshie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogogoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogogoro">ogogoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_gum" title="Spruce gum">Spruce gum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadou" title="Amadou">Amadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">Bamboo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">edible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_musical_instruments" title="Bamboo musical instruments">musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_bark" title="Birch bark">Birch bark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_beer" title="Birch beer">Birch beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">Forage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaria" title="Uncaria">Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss#Commercial" title="Moss">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">Natural dyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">Tanbark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_melanoxylon" title="Diospyros melanoxylon">Tendu leaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_ivory" title="Vegetable ivory">Vegetable ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow#Medicinal" title="Willow">Willow bark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa"><i>Dehesa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Iberian agroforestry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest farming">Forest farming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_produce_(India)" title="Forest produce (India)">Indian forest produce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores" title="Naval stores">Naval stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin_extraction" title="Resin extraction">Resin extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">Rubber tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcrafting" title="Wildcrafting">Wildcrafting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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