CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Marie François Sadi Carnot - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"daf43df8-338c-4442-859a-33586f48ed59","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Marie_François_Sadi_Carnot","wgTitle":"Marie François Sadi Carnot","wgCurRevisionId":67055608,"wgRevisionId":67055608,"wgArticleId":304921,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Frans parlementslid","Frans minister van Financiën","President van Frankrijk","Vermoord politicus"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Marie_François_Sadi_Carnot","wgRelevantArticleId":304921,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q215778","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1654"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1103"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg/640px-Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="882"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Marie François Sadi Carnot - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Marie_François_Sadi_Carnot rootpage-Marie_François_Sadi_Carnot skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/26_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Marie+Fran%C3%A7ois+Sadi+Carnot" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Marie+Fran%C3%A7ois+Sadi+Carnot" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Marie+Fran%C3%A7ois+Sadi+Carnot" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Marie+Fran%C3%A7ois+Sadi+Carnot" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marie François Sadi Carnot</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 55 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%B2_%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%96" title="ሳዲ ካርኖ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳዲ ካርኖ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_(%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="سعدي كارنو (رئيس فرنسي) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سعدي كارنو (رئيس فرنسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="سادى كارنو – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سادى كارنو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Мары Франсуа Садзі Карно – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мары Франсуа Садзі Карно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Сади Карно (политик) – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сади Карно (политик)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(politiker)" title="Sadi Carnot (politiker) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sadi Carnot (politiker)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(statesman)" title="Sadi Carnot (statesman) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sadi Carnot (statesman)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="ماری فرانسوا سعدی کارنو – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماری فرانسوا سعدی کارنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(Ranskan_presidentti)" title="Sadi Carnot (Ranskan presidentti) – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sadi Carnot (Ranskan presidentti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(homme_d%27%C3%89tat)" title="Sadi Carnot (homme d'État) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sadi Carnot (homme d'État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95" title="מארי פרנסואה סדי קארנו – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארי פרנסואה סדי קארנו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B9)" title="Սադի Կառնո (քաղաքական գործիչ) – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սադի Կառնո (քաղաքական գործիչ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC" title="マリー・フランソワ・サディ・カルノー – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリー・フランソワ・サディ・カルノー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сади Карно – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сади Карно" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" title="마리 프랑수아 사디 카르노 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리 프랑수아 사디 카르노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Franciscus_Sadi_Carnot" title="Maria Franciscus Sadi Carnot – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maria Franciscus Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C4%AB_Fransu%C4%81_Sad%C4%AB_Karno" title="Marī Fransuā Sadī Karno – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marī Fransuā Sadī Karno" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Мари Франсуа Сади Карно – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мари Франсуа Сади Карно" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="ماری فرانسوا سعدی کارنو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماری فرانسوا سعدی کارنو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7ois-Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie-François-Sadi Carnot – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marie-François-Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Карно, Сади (политик) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карно, Сади (политик)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Мари Франсоа Сади Карно – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мари Франсоа Сади Карно" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(politiker)" title="Sadi Carnot (politiker) – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sadi Carnot (politiker)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B" title="மரீ பிரான்சுவா சாடி கார்னோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரீ பிரான்சுவா சாடி கார்னோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="มารี ฟร็องซัว ซาดี การ์โน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มารี ฟร็องซัว ซาดี การ์โน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(cumhurba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1)" title="Sadi Carnot (cumhurbaşkanı) – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sadi Carnot (cumhurbaşkanı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Саді Карно (політик) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саді Карно (політик)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(davlat_arbobi)" title="Sadi Carnot (davlat arbobi) – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sadi Carnot (davlat arbobi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marie François Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA" title="马里·弗朗索瓦·萨迪·卡诺 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马里·弗朗索瓦·萨迪·卡诺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sadi Carnot" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA" title="马里·弗朗索瓦·萨迪·卡诺 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马里·弗朗索瓦·萨迪·卡诺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215778#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&oldid=67055608" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&id=67055608&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarie_Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Sadi_Carnot"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarie_Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Sadi_Carnot"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Marie+Fran%C3%A7ois+Sadi+Carnot"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sadi_Carnot_(statesman)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215778" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg/260px-Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg/390px-Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg/520px-Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption>Marie François Sadi Carnot, President van Frankrijk</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Marie François Sadi Carnot</b> (<a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a>, <a href="/wiki/11_augustus" title="11 augustus">11 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_juni" title="25 juni">25 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>) was de vierde <a href="/wiki/President_van_de_Franse_Republiek" class="mw-redirect" title="President van de Franse Republiek">president</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Derde_Franse_Republiek" title="Derde Franse Republiek">Derde Franse Republiek</a> van 1887 tot zijn dood. </p><p>Carnot was de zoon van de politicus <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Carnot" title="Hippolyte Carnot">Hippolyte Carnot</a> en een kleinzoon van <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Carnot</a>. Hij werd Sadi genoemd naar zijn oom, de wiskundige <a href="/wiki/Sadi_Carnot" title="Sadi Carnot">Sadi Carnot</a>. Carnot volgde de <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique">École Polytechnique</a> die hij in 1863 beëindigde als majoor. Vervolgens werd hij benoemd tot hoofdingenieur van het departement <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>. In 1871 werd hij volksvertegenwoordiger voor het departement <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a> en daarna <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(Frankrijk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefect (Frankrijk)">prefect</a> van <a href="/wiki/Seine-Inf%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="Seine-Inférieure">Seine-Inférieure</a>. Daarna volgden enkele ministerposten, zoals Financiën in 1885. </p><p>Toen president <a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a> in december <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> wegens de Wilsonschandalen gedwongen was ontslag te nemen, was Carnots reputatie van integriteit de aanleiding om zich beschikbaar te stellen voor het presidentschap. Hij werd met 616 van de 827 stemmen gekozen. Carnot werd president in een kritieke periode, toen de republiek werd aangevallen door generaal <a href="/wiki/Georges_Boulanger" title="Georges Boulanger">Boulanger</a>, die hij in 1889 verdreef. Het presidentschap van Carnot was populair, met name tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Wereldtentoonstelling_van_1889" title="Wereldtentoonstelling van 1889">wereldtentoonstelling van 1889</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a>. Het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamaschandaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamaschandaal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Panamaschandaal</a> berokkende in 1892 veel schade aan de Republiek, maar voor Carnot werd het respect alleen maar groter. Hij overleed op 56-jarige leeftijd als gevolg van een dolksteek door de Italiaanse anarchist <a href="/wiki/Sante_Geronimo_Caserio" title="Sante Geronimo Caserio">Sante Geronimo Caserio</a>. Meteen na zijn dood werd hij in het <a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_(Parijs)" title="Panthéon (Parijs)">Panthéon</a> bijgezet, nabij zijn grootvader Lazare Carnot. </p> <table class="toccolours opvolging" style="text-align:center; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:-0.5em; width:100%; clear:both; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="voorganger" width="30%"><b>Voorganger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a> </td> <td class="lijst" width="40%"><b><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_presidenten_van_Frankrijk" title="Lijst van presidenten van Frankrijk">President van Frankrijk</a><br />1887-1894</b> </td> <td class="volgende" width="30%"><b>Opvolger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-P%C3%A9rier" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Casimir-Périer">Jean Casimir-Périer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Presidenten_van_Frankrijk_20px|border|class=noviewer|alt=Vlag_van_Frankrijk|Vlag_van_Frankrijk"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_presidenten_Frankrijk" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie presidenten Frankrijk"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_presidenten_Frankrijk&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div class="navigatie-afb-rechts noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div id="Presidenten_van_Frankrijk_20px|border|class=noviewer|alt=Vlag_van_Frankrijk|Vlag_van_Frankrijk" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_presidenten_van_Frankrijk" title="Lijst van presidenten van Frankrijk">Presidenten</a> van <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Lodewijk Napoleon Bonaparte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jules_Trochu" title="Louis Jules Trochu">Louis Jules Trochu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_Mac_Mahon" title="Patrice de Mac Mahon">Patrice de Mac Mahon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marie François Sadi Carnot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Armand Fallières</a> · <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paul_Deschanel" title="Paul Deschanel">Paul Deschanel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Gaston Doumergue</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun">Albert Lebrun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Gaulle (hoofdbetekenis)">Charles de Gaulle</a> · <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> · <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Marie François Sadi Carnot">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sadi_Carnot_(statesman)#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sadi Carnot (statesman)">Sadi Carnot (statesman)</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466621f">cb12466621f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466621f">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119221225">119221225</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000083573883">0000 0000 8357 3883</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n91065548">n91065548</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Base_L%C3%A9onore" title="Base Léonore">Base Léonore</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/leonore_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=COTE&VALUE_1=C/0/6">C/0/6</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259570305171">987007259570305171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001187550">a0000001187550</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p145001016">145001016</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=UTOV536342">UTOV536342</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6571jmv">w6571jmv</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033547343">033547343</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1743147270637235700001">1743147270637235700001</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/1743147270637235700001">1743147270637235700001</a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_François_Sadi_Carnot&oldid=67055608">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_François_Sadi_Carnot&oldid=67055608</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Frans_parlementslid" title="Categorie:Frans parlementslid">Frans parlementslid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Frans_minister_van_Financi%C3%ABn" title="Categorie:Frans minister van Financiën">Frans minister van Financiën</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:President_van_Frankrijk" title="Categorie:President van Frankrijk">President van Frankrijk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Vermoord_politicus" title="Categorie:Vermoord politicus">Vermoord politicus</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 18 feb 2024 om 16:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-wxgwh","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.141","walltime":"0.221","ppvisitednodes":{"value":225,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":13725,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2229,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2758,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 160.545 1 -total"," 54.96% 88.231 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat"," 51.79% 83.139 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box"," 24.94% 40.040 2 Sjabloon:First_non_empty"," 24.27% 38.961 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_presidenten_Frankrijk"," 21.05% 33.799 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie"," 16.43% 26.377 1 Sjabloon:Bibliografische_informatie"," 3.06% 4.913 1 Sjabloon:FR-VLAG"," 2.36% 3.788 1 Sjabloon:Bewerklinks"," 1.55% 2.483 1 Sjabloon:OpvolgingCombi"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.023","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":932707,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8d7444bdb-fnrx4","timestamp":"20241121035547","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Marie Fran\u00e7ois Sadi Carnot","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q215778","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q215778","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-11-24T17:42:30Z","dateModified":"2024-02-18T15:58:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5f\/Portrait_officiel_de_Sadi_Carnot.jpg","headline":"Frans politicus (1837\u20131894), vijfde president van Republiek Frankrijk"}</script> </body> </html>