CINXE.COM

Panama — Vikipēdija

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="lv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Panama — Vikipēdija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )lvwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"ydm","wgMonthNames":["","janvāris","februāris","marts","aprīlis","maijs","jūnijs","jūlijs","augusts","septembris","oktobris","novembris","decembris"],"wgRequestId":"9eb17839-a7ad-43e7-a10f-f63802cee467","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Panama","wgTitle":"Panama","wgCurRevisionId":4082528,"wgRevisionId":4082528,"wgArticleId":1488,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Labi raksti","Pages with image sizes containing extra px","Panama","Ziemeļamerikas valstis"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"lv","wgPageContentLanguage":"lv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Panama","wgRelevantArticleId":1488,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true ,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"lv","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"lv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q804","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.opacity-edit","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.Editpage","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=lv&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=lv&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=lv&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/800px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/640px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Panama — Vikipēdija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//lv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Labot šo lapu" href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipēdija (lv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//lv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.lv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipēdija Atom padeve" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Panama rootpage-Panama skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pāriet uz saturu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Galvenā izvēlne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Galvenā izvēlne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Galvenā izvēlne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigācija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Iet uz sākumlapu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Sākumlapa</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Kopienas_port%C4%81ls" title="Šeit Tu vari uzdot sev interesējošus jautājumus"><span>Kopienas portāls</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aktualit%C4%81tes" title="Uzzini, kas nesen noticis Vikipēdijā"><span>Aktualitātes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas Vikipēdijā [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Pēdējās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Iet uz nejauši izvēlētu lapu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nejauša lapa</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Saturs" title="Vieta, kur uzzināt par Vikipēdiju vairāk"><span>Palīdzība</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Pazi%C5%86ojumi_par_k%C4%BC%C5%ABd%C4%81m"><span>Paziņot par kļūdu</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipēdija:Kontakti"><span>Kontakti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-lv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Brīvā enciklopēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-lv.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Meklēt</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" aria-label="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Meklēt</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Panama" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Panama" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Panama" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Panama" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vēsture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Vēsture apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senatne_un_koloniālais_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senatne_un_koloniālais_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Senatne un koloniālais periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senatne_un_koloniālais_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pēckoloniālais_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pēckoloniālais_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pēckoloniālais periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pēckoloniālais_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militārā_hunta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militārā_hunta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Militārā hunta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militārā_hunta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernā_vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernā_vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modernā vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernā_vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ģeogrāfija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ģeogrāfija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ģeogrāfija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ģeogrāfija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valsts_vara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valsts_vara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Valsts vara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valsts_vara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratīvais_iedalījums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratīvais_iedalījums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administratīvais iedalījums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratīvais_iedalījums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tautsaimniecība" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tautsaimniecība"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tautsaimniecība</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tautsaimniecība-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Tautsaimniecība apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tautsaimniecība-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ekonomiskie_sektori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiskie_sektori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ekonomiskie sektori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiskie_sektori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iedzīvotāji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iedzīvotāji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Iedzīvotāji</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iedzīvotāji-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Iedzīvotāji apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Iedzīvotāji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reliģija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reliģija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Reliģija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reliģija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izglītība" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izglītība"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Izglītība</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izglītība-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultūra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultūra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kultūra</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultūra-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Kultūra apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultūra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tradicionālā_virtuve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradicionālā_virtuve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tradicionālā virtuve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradicionālā_virtuve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piezīmes_un_atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piezīmes_un_atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Piezīmes un atsauces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Piezīmes_un_atsauces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Piezīmes un atsauces apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Piezīmes_un_atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piezīmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piezīmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Piezīmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piezīmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 237 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-237" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">237 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ačinu" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ačinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Панамэ – adigu" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Панамэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9B" title="ፓናማ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓናማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="بنما – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="باناما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باناما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – avadhu" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – aimaru" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – baliešu" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – bišlamā" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bišlamā" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – bambaru" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="পানামা – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পানামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="པ་ན་མ། – tibetiešu" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པ་ན་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="পানামা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পানামা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A0" title="Panamà – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panamà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پەنەما – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەنەما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Krimas tatāru" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krimas tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – kašubu" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A2" title="Panamâ – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Panamâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – lejassorbu" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lejassorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पानामा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पानामा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A7" title="ޕެނަމާ – maldīviešu" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕެނަމާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldīviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – evu" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="evu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Παναμάς – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παναμάς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamo" title="Panamo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Panamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="ieteikts raksts"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – gagauzu" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannanman" title="Pannanman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pannanman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE" title="પનામા – gudžaratu" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પનામા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Phanamaa" title="Yn Phanamaa – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Phanamaa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_(%C6%99asa)" title="Panama (ƙasa) – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Panama (ƙasa)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C4%81" title="Panamā – havajiešu" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Panamā" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פנמה – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – augšsorbu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="augšsorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Պանամա – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանամա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Փանամա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փանամա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ibanu" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E" title="パナマ – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaa" title="Panamaa – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Panamaa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/panamas" title="panamas – ložbans" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="panamas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložbans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="პანამა – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE" title="ಪನಾಮಾ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪನಾಮಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88" title="파나마 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8E%DB%81" title="پَنامَہ – kašmiriešu" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پَنامَہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – komiešu" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – maduriešu" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – mokšu" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A0" title="Panamà – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Panamà" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C4%81" title="Panamā – maoru" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Panamā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – minangkabavu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabavu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE" title="പാനമ – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാനമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Панам – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Панам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯄꯅꯥꯃꯥ – manipūru" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯅꯥꯃꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipūru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – maltiešu" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – mirandiešu" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပနားမားနိုင်ငံ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပနားမားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – mazanderāņu" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पानामा – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पानामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पनामा – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पनामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_(land)" title="Panama (land) – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panama (land)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A0_(pa%C3%ADs)" title="Panamà (país) – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Panamà (país)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaamaa" title="Panaamaa – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Panaamaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Панамæ – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Панамæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਨਾਮਾ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਨਾਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – pampanganu" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanganu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – papjamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papjamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पानामा – pāli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पानामा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pāli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A0" title="Panamà – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Panamà" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – kiņaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiņaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पानामा – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पानामा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панаама – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Панаама" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – sardīniešu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A0" title="Panamà – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Panamà" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – ziemeļsāmu" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ziemeļsāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းပႃႈၼႃးမႃး – šanu" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပႃႈၼႃးမႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පැනමාව – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පැනමාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Panama (štát) – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panama (štát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – samoāņu" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Inari sāmu" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banama" title="Banama – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Banama" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaja" title="Panamaja – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Panamaja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhanama" title="IPhanama – svatu" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPhanama" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svatu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE" title="பனாமா – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனாமா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE" title="పనామా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పనామా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – tetumu" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetumu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศปานามา – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศปานามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – turkmēņu" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C4%81" title="Panamā – tongiešu" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Panamā" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – tokpisins" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tokpisins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – udmurtu" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Панама – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پاناما – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاناما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0nama" title="Pànama – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pànama" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam" title="Panam – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Panam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A4n" title="Panamän – volapiks" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Panamän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaa" title="Panamaa – volofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Panamaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC" title="巴拿马 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴拿马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="პანამა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პანამა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90" title="פאנאמא – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאנאמא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" title="Panamá – jorubu" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Panamá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⴰⵏⴰⵎⴰ – standarta tamazigtu (Maroka)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⴰⵏⴰⵎⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standarta tamazigtu (Maroka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC" title="巴拿马 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴拿马" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC" title="巴拿馬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴拿馬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC" title="巴拿馬 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴拿馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Panama" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q804#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Labot starpvalodu saites" class="wbc-editpage">Labot saites</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vārdtelpas"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Apskatīt rakstu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Raksts</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusija:Panama" rel="discussion" title="Diskusija par šī raksta lapu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mainīt valodas variantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">latviešu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apskates"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panama"><span>Skatīt</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=history" title="Šīs lapas iepriekšējās versijas. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Rīki" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Rīki</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Darbības </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panama"><span>Skatīt</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=history"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vispārīgi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Panama" title="Visas Vikipēdijas lapas, kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Panama" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;oldid=4082528" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Panama&amp;id=4082528&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kā pareizi atsaukties uz šo rakstu"><span>Atsauce uz šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanama"><span>Iegūt saīsinātu URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanama"><span>Lejupielādēt QR kodu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukāt/eksportēt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Panama"><span>Izveidot grāmatu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Panama&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Lejupielādēt kā PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;printable=yes" title="Drukājama lapas versija [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukājama versija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citos projektos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" hreflang="en"><span>Vikikrātuve</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q804" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-article" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Labi_raksti" title="Šis ir labs raksts. Uzklikšķiniet šeit, lai iegūtu vairāk informācijas."><img alt="Labs raksts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/21px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/28px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span class="hatnote noexcerpt">Šis raksts ir par valsti. Par citām jēdziena <b>Panama</b> nozīmēm skatīt <a href="/wiki/Panama_(noz%C4%ABmju_atdal%C4%AB%C5%A1ana)" class="mw-disambig" title="Panama (nozīmju atdalīšana)">nozīmju atdalīšanas lapu</a>.</span></dd></dl> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:46ex; margin-top:0.75em;"><tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" align="center" class="mergedtoprow" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><span class="fn org country-name">Panamas Republika</span><div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><i>República de Panamá</i><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;&#160;</span><small><span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(spāņu)</span></small></div></th> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Panama.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panamas Republikas karogs"><img alt="Panamas Republikas karogs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/125px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/188px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/250px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panamas Republikas ģerbonis"><img alt="Panamas Republikas ģerbonis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="761" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Panamas_Republikas_karogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamas Republikas karogs">Karogs</a></small></td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Panamas_Republikas_%C4%A3erbonis" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamas Republikas ģerbonis">Ģerbonis</a></small></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%ABze" title="Devīze">Devīze</a>:&#160;</b><i>"Pro Mundi Beneficio"</i><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;&#160;</span><small><span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(latīniski)</span><br />"Pasaules labumam"</small></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Valsts_himna" title="Valsts himna">Himna</a>:&#160;</b><i><a href="/wiki/Himno_Istme%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Himno Istmeño">Himno Istmeño</a></i><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;&#160;</span><small><span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(spāņu)</span></small><br /></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Panama_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Panama"><img alt="Location of Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panama_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Panama_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panama_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Panama_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panama_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Panama_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Location of Panama</figcaption></figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"><small></small></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Galvaspils%C4%93ta" title="Galvaspilsēta">Galvaspilsēta</a></b><br />(un lielākā pilsēta) </td><td><a href="/wiki/Panama_(pils%C4%93ta)" title="Panama (pilsēta)">Panama</a><br /><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=lv?pagename=Panama&amp;params=8_58_N_79_32_W_type:country(75">517) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kartes, aerofotogrāfijas un cita informācija par šo vietu"><span class="latitude">8°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°32′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kartes, aerofotogrāfijas un cita informācija par šo vietu">8.967°N 79.533°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">8.967; -79.533</span></span></span></a></span></span></small> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Valsts_valoda" title="Valsts valoda">Valsts valodas</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Spāņu valoda">spāņu valoda</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vald%C4%ABba" title="Valdība">Valdība</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Prezident%C4%81l%C4%81_republika" class="mw-redirect" title="Prezidentālā republika">Prezidentālā republika</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/wiki/Panamas_prezidenti" title="Panamas prezidenti">Prezidents</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="José Raúl Mulino (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">José Raúl Mulino</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_viceprezidenti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas viceprezidenti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Viceprezidents</a></td> <td>vacant</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Panamas_v%C4%93sture" title="Panamas vēsture">Neatkarība</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">no <a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81nija" title="Spānija">Spānijas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1821._gads" title="1821. gads">1821</a>.&#160;gada <a href="/wiki/28._novembris" title="28. novembris">28.&#160;novembrī</a>&#160;</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">no <a href="/wiki/Kolumbija" title="Kolumbija">Kolumbijas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1903._gads" title="1903. gads">1903</a>.&#160;gada <a href="/wiki/3._novembris" title="3. novembris">3.&#160;novembrī</a>&#160;</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Laukums" title="Laukums">Platība</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Kopā</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kvadr%C4%81tkilometrs" title="Kvadrātkilometrs"> 75 517&#160;km²</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Valstu_uzskait%C4%ABjums_p%C4%93c_plat%C4%ABbas" title="Valstu uzskaitījums pēc platības">118.</a>) </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%AAdens" title="Ūdens">Ūdens</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Procents" title="Procents">%</a>)</td> <td>2,9</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Iedz%C4%ABvot%C4%81ju_skaits" title="Iedzīvotāju skaits">Iedzīvotāji</a></th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">iedzīvotāji&#160;2015.&#160;gadā</td> <td>3 929 141<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/wiki/Iedz%C4%ABvot%C4%81ju_bl%C4%ABvums" title="Iedzīvotāju blīvums">Blīvums</a></td> <td>45,9/km²&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Valstu_un_teritoriju_uzskait%C4%ABjums_p%C4%93c_apdz%C4%ABvot%C4%ABbas_bl%C4%ABvuma" title="Valstu un teritoriju uzskaitījums pēc apdzīvotības blīvuma">156.</a>) </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Iek%C5%A1zemes_kopprodukts" title="Iekšzemes kopprodukts">IKP</a></b>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Pirktsp%C4%93jas_parit%C4%81te" title="Pirktspējas paritāte">PPP</a>)</td> <td>2015. gada aprēķins</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Kopā</td> <td>$82,179 miljardi&#160;</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;">&#160;-&#160;</td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Uz iedzīvotāju</td> <td>$20 512&#160;</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEini_koeficients" title="Džini koeficients">Džini koef.</a></b>&#160;(2012)</td> <td>51,9&#160;</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Tautas_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_indekss" title="Tautas attīstības indekss">TAI</a></b>&#160;(2014)</td> <td>0,780<span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span>&#160;(<span style="color:#009900;">augsts</span>)&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Valstu_saraksts_p%C4%93c_Tautas_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_indeksa" title="Valstu saraksts pēc Tautas attīstības indeksa">65.</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Val%C5%ABta" title="Valūta">Valūta</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Panamas_balboa" title="Panamas balboa">Panamas balboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASV_dol%C4%81rs" title="ASV dolārs">ASV dolārs</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PAB</a></code>) </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laika_josla" title="Laika josla">Laika josla</a></th> <td> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Univers%C4%81lais_koordin%C4%93tais_laiks" title="Universālais koordinētais laiks">UTC</a>-5)</span></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dom%C4%93na_nosaukums" class="mw-redirect" title="Domēna nosaukums">Interneta domēns</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/.pa" title=".pa">.pa</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO 3166-1</a> kods</th> <td><span class="nowrap">591&#160;/&#160;PAN&#160;/&#160;PA</span></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Starptautisko_t%C4%81lsarunu_kodu_saraksts" title="Starptautisko tālsarunu kodu saraksts">Tālsarunu kods</a></th> <td>+507 </td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Panama</b>, oficiāli <b>Panamas Republika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Spāņu valoda">spāņu</a>: <span lang="es"><i>República de Panamá</i></span>, izrunā: <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-family: &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, &#39;Doulos SIL&#39;, Gentium, &#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, &#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;, Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Starptautiskais_fon%C4%93tiskais_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts">/reˈpuβlika ðe panaˈma/</a></span></span>), ir <a href="/wiki/Centr%C4%81lamerika" title="Centrālamerika">Centrālamerikas</a> galējā dienvidu valsts. Tā izvietojusies <a href="/wiki/Panamas_zemes%C5%A1aurums" title="Panamas zemesšaurums">Panamas zemesšaurumā</a> uz robežas starp <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerika" title="Ziemeļamerika">Ziemeļameriku</a> un <a href="/wiki/Dienvidamerika" title="Dienvidamerika">Dienvidameriku</a> un tās austrumu apgabals <a href="/wiki/Darjena" title="Darjena">Darjena</a> ģeogrāfiski tiek pieskaitīta Dienvidamerikai. Panama ziemeļrietumos robežojas ar <a href="/wiki/Kostarika" title="Kostarika">Kostariku</a>, austrumos&#160;— ar <a href="/wiki/Kolumbija" title="Kolumbija">Kolumbiju</a>, ziemeļos to apskalo <a href="/wiki/Kar%C4%ABbu_j%C5%ABra" title="Karību jūra">Karību jūra</a>, dienvidos&#160;— <a href="/wiki/Klusais_oke%C4%81ns" title="Klusais okeāns">Klusais okeāns</a>. Panama ir starptautisks darījumu centrs un tranzītvalsts. Lai arī Panama ir trešā lielākā ekonomika Centrālamerikā (pēc <a href="/wiki/Gvatemala" title="Gvatemala">Gvatemalas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Kostarika" title="Kostarika">Kostarikas</a>), tā ir lielākā resursu patērētāja šajā reģionā. Valsts teritorijā izvietojies viens no pasaulē svarīgākajiem ūdensceļiem&#160;— <a href="/wiki/Panamas_kan%C4%81ls" title="Panamas kanāls">Panamas kanāls</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vēsture"><span id="V.C4.93sture"></span>Vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Panamas_v%C4%93sture" title="Panamas vēsture">Panamas vēsture</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senatne_un_koloniālais_periods"><span id="Senatne_un_koloni.C4.81lais_periods"></span>Senatne un koloniālais periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Senatne un koloniālais periods" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Senatne un koloniālais periods"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pirmās eiropiešu rakstītās liecības par tagadējās Panamas teritoriju vēsta, ka to ir apdzīvojušas vairāk kā 60 indiāņu <a href="/wiki/Cilts" title="Cilts">ciltis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lielākās ciltis bija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuni (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kuni</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gvaimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gvaimi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">gvaimi</a>, kas pieder <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cib%C4%8Di&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Čibči (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">čibču</a> cilšu saimei, kā arī <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Coko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Čoko (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">čoko</a>, kas pieder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kar%C4%ABbi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karībi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">karībiem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pēc nodarbošanās viņi bija zemkopji, mednieki un zvejnieki. Līdz Panamas teritorijas <a href="/wiki/Koloniz%C4%81cija" title="Kolonizācija">kolonizācijai</a> šeit dzīvojošās ciltis lielākoties bija saglabājušas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirmatn%C4%93j%C4%81_kopiena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirmatnējā kopiena (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pirmatnējās kopienas</a> attiecības.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panamas pirmatklājējs ir spānis <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_de_Bastidass" title="Rodrigo de Bastidass">Rodrigo de Bastidass</a>, kurš 1501. gadā pirmais piestāja <a href="/wiki/Panamas_zemes%C5%A1aurums" title="Panamas zemesšaurums">Panamas zemesšauruma</a> krastā.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1510. gadā <a href="/wiki/Vasko_Nunjess_de_Balboa" title="Vasko Nunjess de Balboa">Vasko Nunjess de Balboa</a> šeit izveidoja pirmo <a href="/wiki/Kolonija" title="Kolonija">kolonistu</a> pastāvīgo apmetni, 1513. gadā viņš šķērsoja Panamas zemesšaurumu, sasniedzot <a href="/wiki/Klusais_oke%C4%81ns" title="Klusais okeāns">Klusā okeāna</a> ūdeņus.<sup id="cite_ref-pva_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pva-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vēlākā valsts galvaspilsēta&#160;— <a href="/wiki/Panama_(pils%C4%93ta)" title="Panama (pilsēta)">Panama</a> tika nodibināta 1519. gadā.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Panama kā province ietilpa <a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81nijas_imp%C4%93rija" class="mw-redirect" title="Spānijas impērija">Spānijas impērijā</a> vairāk kā 300 gadus. Kolonizatoru atnestās slimības un vardarbīgās akcijas iznīcināja lielāko daļu vietējo iedzīvotāju.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lai arī Panama nekļuva par nozīmīgu kolonizācijas punktu, tomēr tās ģeogrāfiskais novietojums to padarīja par būtisku spāņu tirdzniecības un loģistikas centru.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pēckoloniālais_periods"><span id="P.C4.93ckoloni.C4.81lais_periods"></span>Pēckoloniālais periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Pēckoloniālais periods" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pēckoloniālais periods"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG/195px-Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG" decoding="async" width="195" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG/293px-Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG/390px-Roosevelt_and_the_Canal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teodors_R%C5%ABzvelts" title="Teodors Rūzvelts">Rūzvelts</a> Panamas kanāla celtniecības darbu apmeklējuma laikā</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neatkar%C4%ABbas_kar%C5%A1_sp%C4%81%C5%86u_kolonij%C4%81s_Amerik%C4%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Neatkarības karš spāņu kolonijās Amerikā (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Neatkarības kara spāņu kolonijās</a> rezultātā 1821. gadā Panama ieguva neatkarību, iekļaujoties <a href="/wiki/Liel%C4%81_Kolumbija" title="Lielā Kolumbija">Lielajā Kolumbijā</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>P 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1830. gadā Panama kļuva par <a href="/wiki/Feder%C4%81cija_(valsts)" title="Federācija (valsts)">federatīvās</a> Jaunās Granadas (no 1886. gada <a href="/wiki/Kolumbija" title="Kolumbija">Kolumbija</a>) departamentu. Šis periods panamiešiem bija nemierīgs&#160;— <a href="/wiki/Separ%C4%81tisms" title="Separātisms">separātisku</a> mērķu vadīti, viņi vairākkārt sacēlās pret kolumbiešiem.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arh_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Panama bija galvenais <a href="/wiki/Tranz%C4%ABts" title="Tranzīts">tranzīta</a> punkts <a href="/wiki/Zelta_drudzis" title="Zelta drudzis">zelta drudža</a> laikā, kā rezultātā 1855. gadā tika uzbūvēts dzelzceļš, kas šķērsoja Panamas zemesšaurumu un savienoja Amerikas kontinenta abas daļas, dodot pienesumu reģiona <a href="/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika">ekonomikai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>1898. gadā ASV izpirka bankrotējušo franču <a href="/wiki/Akciju_sabiedr%C4%ABba" title="Akciju sabiedrība">akciju sabiedrību</a> <a href="/wiki/Panamas_kan%C4%81ls" title="Panamas kanāls">Panamas kanāla</a> būvniecībai, tomēr pret šī projekta realizāciju iebilda Kolumbija.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ASV atbalstīja panamiešu separātistus, kuriem pēc veiksmīgas sacelšanās izdevās atdalīties no Kolumbijas, 1903. gada 3. novembrī pasludinot neatkarību.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1903. gada 18. novembrī jaunā valsts parakstīja līgumu ar ASV, saskaņā ar kuru amerikāņi "uz mūžīgiem laikiem" ieguva Panamas kanāla celtniecības un ekspluatācijas tiesības, kā arī neierobežotu kontroli pār <a href="/wiki/Panamas_kan%C4%81la_zona" title="Panamas kanāla zona">kanāla zonu</a>. Ar šo un citiem līgumiem starp ASV un Panamu uz vairākām desmitgadēm tika ierobežota pēdējās <a href="/wiki/Suverenit%C4%81te" title="Suverenitāte">suverenitāte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Panamas kanāla būvniecība norisinājās no 1904. līdz 1914. gadam, oficiāli atklāts&#160;— 1920. gada 12. jūnijā.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pirmajās Panamas patstāvības desmitgadēs ASV tieši iejaucās tās iekšējā un ārējā politikā. Vairākas prezidenta vēlēšanas notikās amerikāņu uzraudzībā. Tāpat ASV īslaicīgi okupēja Panamas reģionus kārtības uzturēšanai, kā arī ar tās atbalstu tika izbeigti teritoriālie konflikti ar Panamas kaimiņvalstīm.<sup id="cite_ref-arh_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sov_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sov-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sov_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sov-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spr_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spr-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1940. gadā par valsts prezidentu tika ievēlēts antiamerikāniski noskaņotais nacionālists <a href="/wiki/Arnulfo_Arjass" title="Arnulfo Arjass">Arnulfo Arjass</a>, kurš neslēpa savas simpātijas pret <a href="/wiki/Ass_valstis" title="Ass valstis">Ass valstīm</a>. 1941. gadā viņš zaudēja amatu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_gvarde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas Nacionālā gvarde (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nacionālās gvardes</a> organizētā <a href="/wiki/Apv%C4%93rsums" class="mw-redirect" title="Apvērsums">apvērsumā</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sekojot ASV piemēram, Panama 1942. gadā formāli pieteica karu Ass valstīm.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tajā pašā gadā Panamu iznomāja ASV 15 tūkstošus <a href="/wiki/Hekt%C4%81rs" title="Hektārs">hektārus</a> zemes 134 armijas bāžu un militāro objektu izbūvei.<sup id="cite_ref-spr_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spr-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militārā_hunta"><span id="Milit.C4.81r.C4.81_hunta"></span>Militārā hunta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Militārā hunta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Militārā hunta"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pēc kara par noteicošo spēku Panamā kļuva militāristi no Nacionālās gvardes, kas aizvien aktīvāk iejaucās valsts politiskajā dzīvē&#160;— vairāki Panamas <a href="/wiki/Prezidents" title="Prezidents">prezidenti</a>, neskatoties uz strīdīgiem vēlēšanu rezultātiem, ar tās atbalstu ieguva amatu. Tāpat vairākkārt gvarde veica apvērsumus, gāžot tautas ievēlētos prezidentus.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg/220px-PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg/330px-PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg/440px-PanamaM-113JustCauseUS-Invasion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption>ASV karaspēks Panamā 1989. gada invāzijas laikā</figcaption></figure> <p>1968. gadā pēc apvērsuma par <i>de facto</i> valsts līderi kļuva Nacionālās gvardes komandieris <a href="/wiki/Om%C4%81rs_Torihoss" title="Omārs Torihoss">Omārs Torihoss</a>. Lai arī ASV spiediena rezultātā 1978. gadā režīms tika liberalizēts, tomēr kā gvardes komandieris Torihoss saglabāja savu ietekmi valstī līdz 1981. gadam.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1958., 1959. un 1964. gadā notika ievērojamas panamiešu sadursmes ar amerikāņu kontingentu Panamas kanāla zonā.<sup id="cite_ref-lpe_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minētais 1960. gados noveda pie jaunām sarunām par kanāla statusu. 1977. gadā starp ASV un Panamu tika parakstīti <a href="/wiki/Torihosa%E2%80%94K%C4%81rtera_l%C4%ABgumi" title="Torihosa—Kārtera līgumi">Torihosa—Kārtera līgumi</a> par Panamas kanālu, atbilstoši kuram 1979. gada 1. oktobrī tika likvidēta Panamas kanāla zona, ASV vienlaikus atzina panamiešu suverēnās tiesības uz Panamas kanāla zonu.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pēc Torihosa nāves par Nacionālās gvardes vadītāju 1983. gadā kļuva <a href="/wiki/Manuels_Norjega" title="Manuels Norjega">Manuels Norjega</a>, kurš <i>de facto</i> vadīja Panamu līdz pat 1989. gadam.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Norjega atteicās no priekšteču realizētās proamerikāniskās politikas. Viņš aktīvi atbalstīja <a href="/wiki/Soci%C4%81lisms" title="Sociālisms">prosociālistisko</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikaragva" title="Nikaragva">Nikaragvu</a>, kā arī izveidoja diplomātiskas attiecības ar Sociālistiskā bloka valstīm.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ASV, atbildot uz minēto, no 1987. gada pakāpeniski sāka vērst pret Panamu ekonomisko spiedienu.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Panamas iekšpolitiskās situācijas eskalācija 1989. gadā noveda pie militāristu mēģinājuma gāzt Norjegu, kam sekoja represijas pret apvērsuma dalībniekiem.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1989. gada 20. decembrī ASV karaspēks iebruka Panamas teritorijā, gāžot Norjegas režīmu.<sup id="cite_ref-ek_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Norjega padevās amerikāņiem 1990. gada 3. janvārī, savukārt pati militārā operācija beidzās 12. janvārī.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernā_vēsture"><span id="Modern.C4.81_v.C4.93sture"></span>Modernā vēsture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Modernā vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Modernā vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Panama_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Panama_Skyline.jpg/220px-Panama_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Panama_Skyline.jpg/330px-Panama_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Panama_Skyline.jpg/440px-Panama_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>Panamas galvaspilsētas panorāma mūsdienās</figcaption></figure> <p>Pēc ASV iebrukuma Panamas prezidenta amatā stājās <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giljermo_Endara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giljermo Endara (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Giljermo Endara</a>, kurš bija uzvarējis 1989. gada vēlēšanās. Ekonomikā tika realizētas reformas, tomēr sākotnēji tām bija neliela atdeve iepriekšējā režīma realizētās politikas dēļ. 1994. gadā valstī notika pirmās brīvās vēlēšanas, kurās tika ievēlēts <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Peress&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernesto Peress (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ernesto Peress</a>. 1999. gadā par prezidenti tika ievēlēta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mireja_Moskoso&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mireja Moskoso (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Mireja Moskoso</a>, kļūstot par pirmo sievieti šajā amatā. Saskaņā ar Torihosa—Kārtera līgumos noteikto 1999. gada 31. decembrī ASV militārais kontingents pameta Panamas kanāla zonu, nākamajā dienā kanāla zona pilnībā pārgāja panamiešu kontrolē. Izvirzot par savu mērķi cīņu pret <a href="/wiki/Korupcija" title="Korupcija">korupciju</a>, 2004. gada prezidenta vēlēšanās par valsts galvu tika izvēlēts Martins Torrihoss. Viņu amatā 2009. gadā nomainīja uzņēmējs <a href="/wiki/Rikardo_Martinelli" title="Rikardo Martinelli">Rikardo Martinelli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pēdējās desmitgadēs Panamai ir bijuši stabili <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikas_izaugsme" title="Ekonomikas izaugsme">ekonomiskās izaugsmes</a> rādītāji. Vienlaikus, neskatoties uz vienu no augstākajiem <a href="/wiki/Iek%C5%A1zemes_kopprodukts" title="Iekšzemes kopprodukts">iekšzemes kopprodukta</a> ienākumu uz dvēseli <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86amerika" title="Latīņamerika">Latīņamerikā</a>, ap 40% panamiešu dzīvo zem <a href="/wiki/Nabadz%C4%ABba" title="Nabadzība">nabadzības</a> robežšķirtnes.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ģeogrāfija"><span id=".C4.A2eogr.C4.81fija"></span>Ģeogrāfija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Ģeogrāfija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ģeogrāfija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Panama izvietojusies <a href="/wiki/Centr%C4%81lamerika" title="Centrālamerika">Centrālamerikas</a> dienvidaustrumos starp <a href="/wiki/Kar%C4%ABbu_j%C5%ABra" title="Karību jūra">Karību jūru</a> ziemeļos un <a href="/wiki/Klusais_oke%C4%81ns" title="Klusais okeāns">Kluso okeānu</a> dienvidos. Robežojas ar <a href="/wiki/Kostarika" title="Kostarika">Kostariku</a> rietumos un <a href="/wiki/Kolumbija" title="Kolumbija">Kolumbiju</a> austrumos. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Bocas2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bocas2.jpg/200px-Bocas2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bocas2.jpg/300px-Bocas2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bocas2.jpg/400px-Bocas2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bokasas_del_Toro_arhipel%C4%81gs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bokasas del Toro arhipelāgs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Bokasas del Toro arhipelāgs</a> <a href="/wiki/Kar%C4%ABbu_j%C5%ABra" title="Karību jūra">Karību jūras</a> piekrastē</figcaption></figure> <p>Reljefs kalnains, valsts rietumu daļā dominē <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_Kordiljeri" title="Ziemeļamerikas Kordiljeri">Ziemeļamerikas Kordiljeru</a> turpinājums Centrālamerikā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talamankas_Kordiljera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Talamankas Kordiljera (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Talamankas Kordiljera</a> un Kostarikas robežas un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tavasaras_kalni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tavasaras kalni (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Tavasaras kalni</a> vai Centrālā Kordiljera, kas stiepjas paralēli ziemeļu krastam. Augstākais punkts ir <a href="/wiki/Baru" title="Baru">Baru</a> <a href="/wiki/Vulk%C4%81ns" title="Vulkāns">vulkāns</a> (3474 m). Valsts austrumos uz robežas ar Kolumbiju un tās pierobežā <a href="/wiki/Darjena" title="Darjena">Darjenā</a> paceļas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baudo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baudo (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Baudo</a> grēda, kas pieder pie <a href="/wiki/Andi" title="Andi">Andu</a> kalnu sistēmas. Valsts centrālo daļu aizņem zemiene ar <a href="/wiki/Panamas_zemes%C5%A1aurums" title="Panamas zemesšaurums">Panamas zemesšaurumu</a>, kura šaurākajā daļā (48 km) izbūvēts <a href="/wiki/Panamas_kan%C4%81ls" title="Panamas kanāls">Panamas kanāls</a>. </p><p>Gan ziemeļu, gan dienvidu krasta līnija stipri izrobota, daudz līču. Karību jūras piekrastē lielākie ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miskito_l%C4%ABcis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Miskito līcis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Miskito līcis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almirantes_l%C4%ABcis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almirantes līcis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Almirantes līcis</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ciriki_lag%C5%ABna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Čiriki lagūna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Čiriki lagūna</a> rietumos, kā arī <a href="/wiki/Darjenas_l%C4%ABcis" title="Darjenas līcis">Darjenas līcis</a> austrumos. Piekrastē daudz nelielu saliņu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bokasas_del_Toro_arhipel%C4%81gs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bokasas del Toro arhipelāgs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Bokasas del Toro arhipelāgs</a> rietumu daļā un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanblasas_salas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanblasas salas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Sanblasas salas</a> ziemeļaustrumu daļā. Klusā okeāna piekrastē valsts dienvidaustrumos plešas <a href="/wiki/Panamas_l%C4%ABcis" title="Panamas līcis">Panamas līcis</a>, rietumos&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ciriki_l%C4%ABcis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Čiriki līcis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Čiriki līcis</a>. Lielākās salas ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koiva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koiva (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Koiva</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevako&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevako (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Sevako</a>, kā arī <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%93r%C4%BCu_arhipel%C4%81gs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pērļu arhipelāgs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Pērļu arhipelāgs</a> Panamas līcī. Piekrastes vidusdaļā okeānā iestiepjas līdz 100 km garā un 70—100 km platā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuero_pussala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asuero pussala (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Asuero pussala</a>, kuras dienvidu gals <a href="/wiki/Marjato_rags" title="Marjato rags">Marjato rags</a> tiek uzskatīts par kontinentālās <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerika" title="Ziemeļamerika">Ziemeļamerikas</a> galējo dienvidu punktu. </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valsts_vara">Valsts vara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Valsts vara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Valsts vara"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG/220px-Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG/330px-Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG/440px-Asamblea_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_asambleja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas Nacionālā asambleja (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nacionālās asamblejas</a> ēka</figcaption></figure> <p>Panama ir demokrātiska, prezidentāla un <a href="/wiki/Unit%C4%81ra_valsts" title="Unitāra valsts">unitāra</a> <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">republika</a>. Valsts prezidents ir reizē gan <a href="/wiki/Valsts_galva" class="mw-redirect" title="Valsts galva">valsts galva</a>, gan arī <a href="/wiki/Izpildvara" title="Izpildvara">izpildvaras</a>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_vald%C4%ABba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas valdība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Panamas valdības</a> vadītājs. Prezidents ieceļ valdības <a href="/wiki/Ministrs" title="Ministrs">ministrus</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tiesnesis" title="Tiesnesis">tiesnešus</a>. Otra augstākā valsts amatpersona Panamā ir viceprezidents. <a href="/wiki/Likumdo%C5%A1anas_vara" title="Likumdošanas vara">Likumdošanas vara</a> pieder parlamentam&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_asambleja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas Nacionālā asambleja (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nacionālajai asamblejai</a>, kā arī valdībai limitētā apjomā. <a href="/wiki/Tiesu_vara" title="Tiesu vara">Tiesu vara</a> ir neatkarīga no pārējām divām valsts varām.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Izpildvara un likumdevējvara tiek ievēlēta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visp%C4%81r%C4%93j%C4%81s_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vispārējās vēlēšanas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">vispārējās vēlēšanās</a> ik pēc pieciem gadiem, vēlēšanās var piedalīties personas, kuras ir sasniegušas 18 gadu vecumu. Nacionālā asambleja ir vienpalātas parlaments ar 71 deputātu. Tās deputāti no pilsētām tiek ievēlēti pēc <a href="/wiki/Proporcion%C4%81las_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas" title="Proporcionālas vēlēšanas">proporcionālās sistēmas</a>, savukārt deputāti no lauku provincēm saskaņā ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%BEorit%C4%81r%C4%81_sist%C4%93ma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mažoritārā sistēma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mažoritāro sistēmu</a>. Prezidentu ievēl uz vienu termiņu, atkārtota ievēlēšana ir iespējama tikai pēc diviem nākamajiem termiņiem, proti, 10 gadiem.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administratīvais_iedalījums"><span id="Administrat.C4.ABvais_iedal.C4.ABjums"></span>Administratīvais iedalījums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Administratīvais iedalījums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Administratīvais iedalījums"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts&#160;un citi raksti: <a href="/wiki/Panamas_administrat%C4%ABvais_iedal%C4%ABjums" title="Panamas administratīvais iedalījums">Panamas administratīvais iedalījums</a>&#160;un <a href="/wiki/Panamas_pils%C4%93tu_uzskait%C4%ABjums" title="Panamas pilsētu uzskaitījums">Panamas pilsētu uzskaitījums</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <div class="noresize" style="float: right; clear: right;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg/500px-Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg/750px-Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg/1000px-Divisi%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Panam%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span> </p> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:44px; top:17px;"><a href="/wiki/Bokasa_del_Toro_(province)" title="Bokasa del Toro (province)">Bokasa<br />del Toro</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:9px; top:22px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naso_Tirdi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naso Tirdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Naso<br />Tirdi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:209px; top:87px;"><a href="/wiki/Kokle_(province)" title="Kokle (province)">Kokle</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:264px; top:27px;"><a href="/wiki/Kolona_(province)" title="Kolona (province)">Kolona</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:29px; top:87px;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ciriki" title="Čiriki">Čiriki</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:399px; top:107px;"><a href="/wiki/Darjena" title="Darjena">Darjena</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:184px; top:147px;"><a href="/wiki/Errera" title="Errera">Errera</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:204px; top:172px;"><a href="/wiki/Lossantosa" title="Lossantosa">Lossantosa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:254px; top:62px;"><a href="/wiki/Rietumpanama" title="Rietumpanama">Rietumpanama</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:304px; top:37px;"><a href="/wiki/Panama_(province)" title="Panama (province)">Panama</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:134px; top:132px;"><a href="/wiki/Veragvasa" title="Veragvasa">Veragvasa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:384px; top:17px;"><a href="/wiki/Gunajala" title="Gunajala">Gunajala</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:444px; top:97px;"><a href="/wiki/Embera-Vounaana" title="Embera-Vounaana">Embera-Vounaana 1</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:379px; top:152px;"><a href="/wiki/Embera-Vounaana" title="Embera-Vounaana">Embera-Vounaana 2</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:89px; top:82px;"><a href="/wiki/Ngobe-Bugle" title="Ngobe-Bugle">Ngobe-Bugle</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:364px; top:42px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madugandi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Madugandi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Madugandi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:center; font-size:smaller; line-height:1.125em; left:404px; top:57px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vargand%C3%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vargandí (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Vargandí</a></div> </div> </div> <p>Atbilstoši <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_konstit%C5%ABcija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas konstitūcija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Panamas konstitūcijai</a> valsts teritorija administratīvi ir sadalīta 14 teritoriālajās vienībās&#160;— desmit <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">provincēs</a> un četrās <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komarka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Komarka (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">komarkās</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kas ir autonomas provinces ar vēlētu indiāņu cilšu pašpārvaldi. Provinces un komarkas tiek sīkāk iedalītas 75 apgabalos. Savukārt apgbali ir sadalīti vēl sīkāk 657 subadministratīvajās vienībās (<i>corregimientos</i>), no kurām divām&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madugandi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Madugandi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Madugandi</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vargand%C3%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vargandí (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Vargandí</a> ir noteikts komarkas&#160;— autonoms statuss konkrēto provinču ietvaros. </p><p>Provinces: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokasa_del_Toro_(province)" title="Bokasa del Toro (province)">Bokasa del Toro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ciriki" title="Čiriki">Čiriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokle_(province)" title="Kokle (province)">Kokle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolona_(province)" title="Kolona (province)">Kolona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjena" title="Darjena">Darjena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errera" title="Errera">Errera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossantosa" title="Lossantosa">Lossantosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_(province)" title="Panama (province)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veragvasa" title="Veragvasa">Veragvasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rietumpanama" title="Rietumpanama">Rietumpanama</a></li></ul> <p>Komarkas: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embera-Vounaana" title="Embera-Vounaana">Embera-Vounaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunajala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunajala">Kunajala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naso_Tirdi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naso Tirdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Naso Tirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngobe-Bugle" title="Ngobe-Bugle">Ngobe-Bugle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tautsaimniecība"><span id="Tautsaimniec.C4.ABba"></span>Tautsaimniecība</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Labot sadaļu: Tautsaimniecība" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Tautsaimniecība"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg/220px-Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg/330px-Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg/440px-Exclusa_Miraflores_Canal_de_Panama_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Panamax" title="Panamax">Panamax</a></i> kuģis, šķērsojot Mirafloresas slūžas <a href="/wiki/Panamas_kan%C4%81ls" title="Panamas kanāls">Panamas kanālā</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Saskaņā ar <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i> datiem 2012. gadā Panamas bezdarba līmenis bija 2,7%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2008. gada augustā tika reģistrēts pārtikas pārpalikums. Pēc <a href="/wiki/Tautas_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_indekss" title="Tautas attīstības indekss">Tautas attīstības indeksa</a> Panama ierindojās 65. vietā (2013. gads). </p><p>Pēdējos gados Panamas ekonomika ir piedzīvojusi strauju izaugsmi, laika posmā no 2006. līdz 2008. gadam <a href="/wiki/IKP" class="mw-redirect" title="IKP">IKP</a> pieaugot par 10,4%. <i>Latin Business Chronicle</i> paredzēja, ka periodā no 2010. līdz 2014. gadam Panamas ekonomika būs straujāk augošā Latīņamerikā, sasniedzot Brazīlijas 10% rādītāju.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turpmāku ekonomisko izaugsmi nodrošina noslēgtais brīvās tirdzniecības līgums ar <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis">ASV</a> un plānotā Panamas kanāla paplašināšana. </p><p>Lai arī Panamas IKP rādītājs to ierindo valstu ar augstu ienākumu līmeni skaitā, tajā joprojām sastopami lieli kontrasti. Tos izraisa lielas atšķirības izglītības līmenī. 2013. gadā 25% Panamas iedzīvotāju tika uzskatīti par nabadzīgiem, un saskaņā ar <a href="/wiki/Pasaules_Banka" title="Pasaules Banka">Pasaules Bankas</a> datiem 3% no iedzīvotājiem ir galēji nabadzīgi.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomiskie_sektori">Ekonomiskie sektori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Labot sadaļu: Ekonomiskie sektori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ekonomiskie sektori"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Panamas ekonomika tās atrašanās vietas dēļ ir pamatā balstīta uz labi attīstītu pakalpojumu sektoru, galvenokārt banku darbību, komerciju, tūrismu un tirdzniecību. No ASV pārņemtais Panamas kanāls un militārie objekti ļāvuši attīstīt lielus būvniecības projektus. </p><p>2006. gada 22. oktobrī ar pārliecinošu pārsvaru (tiesa, ar zemu aktivitāti) referendumā tika apstiprināta Panamas kanāla papildināšana ar trešo slūžu grupu. Oficiālie aprēķini šo pārbūvi novērtēja ar 5,25 miljardiem ASV dolāru. Kanālam ir liela ekonomiskā nozīme, jo tas ekonomikā nodrošina miljoniem dolāru no tā izmantošanas maksas un nodrošina lielu skaitu ar darbavietām. 85 gadus kanāla monopoltiesības piederēja ASV, bet 1977. gadā parakstītais Torrihosa—Kārtera līgums uzsāka kanāla nodošanas proces Panamas valdībai līdz 1999. gadam. </p><p>Ārvalstu investori veic vara un zelta atradņu attīstību, pret ko iestājas vairākas dabas aizsardzības grupas, jo visi projekti atrodas aizsargātās zonās.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iedzīvotāji"><span id="Iedz.C4.ABvot.C4.81ji"></span>Iedzīvotāji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Labot sadaļu: Iedzīvotāji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Iedzīvotāji"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lielākā daļa (70%) Panamas iedzīvotāju ir jauktas indiāņu un eiropiešu izcelsmes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metisi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metisi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">metisi</a>). 14% ir melnādaino un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulati (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mulatu</a>, 10% balto un 6% <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_pamatiedz%C4%ABvot%C4%81ji" title="Amerikas pamatiedzīvotāji">indiāņu</a>. Panamas indiāņi pārstāv septiņas etniskās grupas: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gvaimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gvaimi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">gvaimi</a>, bokoti, kuni (guni), emberi, vounaani, nazo (teribe) un bribri. 93% iedzīvotāju dzimtā valoda ir spāņu. Lielākā no indiāņu valodām ir gvaimu valoda, kura ir dzimtā 170 000 cilvēku. Kunu valodā runā 60 000 cilvēku. Vairāk nekā puse valsts iedzīvotāju dzīvo <a href="/wiki/Panama_(pils%C4%93ta)" title="Panama (pilsēta)">Panamas</a> aglomerācijā. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reliģija"><span id="Reli.C4.A3ija"></span>Reliģija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Labot sadaļu: Reliģija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reliģija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg/220px-Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg/330px-Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg/440px-Catedral_santiago_veraguas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Romas katoļu katedrāle <a href="/wiki/Santjago_de_Veragvasa" title="Santjago de Veragvasa">Santjago de Veragvasā</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Panamas valdība neapkopo statistiku par iedzīvotāju reliģisko pārliecību, bet dažādi avoti vērtē, ka 75 līdz 85% no iedzīvotājiem sevi identificē kā Romas katoļus un 15—25% kā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva%C5%86%C4%A3%C4%93liskie_kristie%C5%A1i&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Evaņģēliskie kristieši (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">evaņģēliskus kristiešus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-report_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2% (aptuveni 60 000 iedzīvotāju) sevi pieskaita <a href="/wiki/Bah%C4%81isms" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahāisms">bahāistiem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WCoC_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCoC-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ieskaitot ap 10% no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gvaimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gvaimi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">gvaimiem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guay_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guay-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bahāisti Panamā uztur vienu no pasaulē esošajiem septiņiem bahāistu lūgšanu namiem.<sup id="cite_ref-report_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/P%C4%93d%C4%93jo_dienu_sv%C4%93to_J%C4%93zus_Kristus_bazn%C4%ABca" title="Pēdējo dienu svēto Jēzus Kristus baznīca">Pēdējo dienu svēto Jēzus Kristus baznīca</a> apgalvo, ka Panamā tai ir vairāk kā 40 000 biedru.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> No mazākām reliģiskām grupām ir pārstāvēti <a href="/wiki/Sept%C4%ABt%C4%81s_dienas_adventisti" title="Septītās dienas adventisti">Septītās dienas adventisti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovas_liecinieki" title="Jehovas liecinieki">Jehovas liecinieki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglik%C4%81nisms" title="Anglikānisms">episkopālisti</a> ar 7000 līdz 10 000 biedriem un citi kristieši. <a href="/wiki/Ebreji" title="Ebreji">Ebreju</a> un <a href="/wiki/Musulma%C5%86i" title="Musulmaņi">musulmaņu</a> kopienās ir ap 10 000 biedru katrā. Ir nelielas <a href="/wiki/Hinduisms" title="Hinduisms">hinduistu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Budisms" title="Budisms">budistu</a> kopienas.<sup id="cite_ref-report_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pamatiedzīvotāju vidū izplatītas tradicionālās reliģijas <i>ibeorgun</i> (starp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuni_(tauta)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuni (tauta) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kuniem</a>) un <i>mamatata</i> (starp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gvaimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gvaimi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">gvaimiem</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-report_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pastāv arī neliela <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">rastafari</a> kopiena.<sup id="cite_ref-report_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izglītība"><span id="Izgl.C4.ABt.C4.ABba"></span>Izglītība</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Labot sadaļu: Izglītība" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Izglītība"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vispārējā izglītība, kuras iegūšana Panamā ir obligāta bērniem 6&#160;— 18 gados, sastāv no <a href="/wiki/Pamatizgl%C4%ABt%C4%ABba" title="Pamatizglītība">pamatizglītības</a>&#160;— septiņām klasēm pamatskolā un <a href="/wiki/Vid%C4%93j%C4%81_izgl%C4%ABt%C4%ABba" title="Vidējā izglītība">vidējās izglītības</a>&#160;— trīs klasēm vidusskolā. Valstī kopumā ir 88 augstākās izglītības iestādes, no kurām lielākās ir <a href="/wiki/Panamas_Universit%C4%81te" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamas Universitāte">Panamas Universitāte</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panamas_Tehnisk%C4%81_universit%C4%81te&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panamas Tehniskā universitāte (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Panamas Tehniskā universitāte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lasītprasmes līmenis&#160;— vairāk kā 90%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultūra"><span id="Kult.C5.ABra"></span>Kultūra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Labot sadaļu: Kultūra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Kultūra"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Panamas kultūra ir atvasināta no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiropas_m%C5%ABzika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiropas mūzika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Eiropas mūzikas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiropas_m%C4%81ksla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiropas māksla (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mākslas</a> un tradīcijām, kuras ieviesa <a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Spāņi">spāņu</a> ieceļotāji. Tā ir saplūdusi ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80frikas_kult%C5%ABra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Āfrikas kultūra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">afrikāņu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_pamatiedz%C4%ABvot%C4%81ji" title="Amerikas pamatiedzīvotāji">Amerikas pamatiedzīvotāju</a> kultūru, veidojot dažādas hibrīdformas. Piemēram, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamborito&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamborito (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tamborito</a></i> ir spāņu deja, kura ir sajaukusies ar Āfrikas ritmiem, tematiku un deju kustībām.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Deja ir Panamas kultūru dažādības simbols. Vietējo folkloru var sajust dažādos svētkos, dejās un tradīcijās, kuras nodotas no paaudzes paaudzē. Pilsētās bieži notiek <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reggae_en_espa%C3%B1ol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reggae en español (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">reggae en español</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reggaeton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reggaeton (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">reggaeton</a></i>, <i>haitiano (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Compas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Compas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">compas</a>)</i>, <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEezs" title="Džezs">džeza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bl%C5%ABzs" title="Blūzs">blūza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salsas_m%C5%ABzika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salsas mūzika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">salsas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regejs" title="Regejs">regeja</a> un <a href="/wiki/Rokm%C5%ABzika" title="Rokmūzika">rokmūziķu</a> uzstāšanās. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tradicionālā_virtuve"><span id="Tradicion.C4.81l.C4.81_virtuve"></span>Tradicionālā virtuve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Labot sadaļu: Tradicionālā virtuve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Tradicionālā virtuve"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tradicionāla panamiešu Ziemasvētku maltīte parasti satur vistas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamale_(%C4%93diens)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamale (ēdiens) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tamale</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arroz_con_pollo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arroz con pollo (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">arroz con pollo</a></i> (vista ar rīsiem), <i>puerca asada</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/C%C5%ABkga%C4%BCa" title="Cūkgaļa">pernil</a></i>, <i>pavo</i> (<a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABtars" class="mw-redirect" title="Tītars">tītars</a>) un <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relleno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Relleno (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">relleno</a></i> (pildīti paipari). Blakus citiem ēdieniem tiek novietoti augļi un augļu kūkas. Kopā ar šiem ēdieniem un desertu tiek pasniegts tradicionāls dzēriens <i>Ron Ponche</i> (olu kokteilis), kurš sastāv no divām bundžām <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iebiezin%C4%81tais_piens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Iebiezinātais piens (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kondensēta piena</a>, trīs bundžām <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tvaic%C4%93ts_piens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tvaicēts piens (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tvaicēta piena</a>, sešām olām un puspudeles <a href="/wiki/Rums" title="Rums">ruma</a> un <a href="/wiki/Muskatrieksti" title="Muskatrieksti">muskatriekstiem</a> papildus garšai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Labot sadaļu: Sports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Sports"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sportā izpaužas ASV ietekme. Nacionālais sporta veids ir <a href="/wiki/Beisbols" title="Beisbols">beisbols</a>. Profesionālā līmenī beisbolu ASV ir spēlējuši vismaz 140 Panamas pārstāvji, kas ir labākais kādas Centrālamerikas valsts rādītājs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pazīstamākie spēlētāji ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C5%ABss_%C4%8Cens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brūss Čens (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Brūss Čens</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rods_Kerj%C5%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rods Kerjū (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Rods Kerjū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Mariano Rivera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karloss_L%C4%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karloss Lī (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Karloss Lī</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menijs_Sangvillens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Menijs Sangvillens (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Menijs Sangvillens</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karloss_Ruiss_(beisbolists)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karloss Ruiss (beisbolists) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Karloss Ruiss</a>. </p><p>No Panamas nāk arī daudzi atzīti <a href="/wiki/Bokss" title="Bokss">bokseri</a>, četri Panamas pārstāvji ir iekļauti Starptautiskajā boksa Slavas zālē: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Durans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Durans (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Roberto Durans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eusebio_Pedrosa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eusebio Pedrosa (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Eusebio Pedrosa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismaels_Laguna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismaels Laguna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ismaels Laguna</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama_Al_Brauns&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panama Al Brauns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Panama Al Brauns</a>. </p><p>Panamā populārs ir arī <a href="/wiki/Basketbols" title="Basketbols">basketbols</a>, kur ir sava līga ar reģionālām komandām un nacionālā izlase. Populārākie basketbola pārstāvji ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolando_Blekmens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolando Blekmens (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Rolando Blekmens</a> (četrkārtējs <a href="/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81s_basketbola_asoci%C4%81cijas_Visu_zvaig%C5%BE%C5%86u_sp%C4%93le" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacionālās basketbola asociācijas Visu zvaigžņu spēle">NBA Visu zvaigžņu spēles</a> dalībnieks) un <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81rlemas_%22Globetrotters%22" title="Hārlemas &quot;Globetrotters&quot;">Hārlemas "Globetrotters"</a> zvaigzne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevins_Deilijs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevins Deilijs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kevins Deilijs</a>. </p><p>2008. gadā pirmo Panamas olimpisko zelta medaļu izcīnīja vieglatlēts <a href="/wiki/Irvings_Saladino" title="Irvings Saladino">Irvings Saladino</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81ll%C4%93k%C5%A1ana" title="Tāllēkšana">tāllēkšanā</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Panamas_futbola_izlase" title="Panamas futbola izlase">Panamas futbola izlase</a> kvalificējās <a href="/wiki/2018._gada_FIFA_Pasaules_kauss" title="2018. gada FIFA Pasaules kauss">2018. gada FIFA Pasaules kausa</a> finālturnīram Krievijā, kur trijās spēlēs piedzīvoja trīs zaudējumus. Izlase regulāri spēlējusi CONCACAF čempionātā un <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF_Zelta_kauss" title="CONCACAF Zelta kauss">Zelta kausā</a>, kur 2005. un 2013. gadā iegūta otrā vieta. </p><p>Tāpat Panamā populārs ir <a href="/wiki/Volejbols" title="Volejbols">volejbols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekvondo" title="Tekvondo">tekvondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golfs" title="Golfs">golfs</a> un <a href="/wiki/Teniss" title="Teniss">teniss</a>. Šobrīd tiek iekārtota tūrisma taka <i>Transpanama</i> visā valsts garumā no Kolumbijas uz Kostariku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piezīmes_un_atsauces"><span id="Piez.C4.ABmes_un_atsauces"></span>Piezīmes un atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Labot sadaļu: Piezīmes un atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Piezīmes un atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piezīmes"><span id="Piez.C4.ABmes"></span>Piezīmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Labot sadaļu: Piezīmes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Piezīmes"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tā šī perioda valsti sāka saukt tikai pēc 1886. gada, kad tika izveidota Kolumbija</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cia.gov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_1-4">1,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov_1-5">1,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154224/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html%20">«The World Factbook»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2018.&#160;gada 25.&#160;decembrī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2014. gada 25. oktobrī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lpe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-3">2,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-4">2,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-5">2,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-6">2,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-7">2,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lpe_2-8">2,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><i><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_padomju_enciklop%C4%93dija" title="Latvijas padomju enciklopēdija">Latvijas padomju enciklopēdija</a></i>. 7. sējums. Rīga&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Galven%C4%81_enciklop%C4%93diju_redakcija" title="Galvenā enciklopēdiju redakcija">Galvenā enciklopēdiju redakcija</a>. 495 — 497.&#160;lpp.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><i>Ģeogrāfijas vārdnīca <a href="/wiki/Pasaules_zemes_un_tautas" title="Pasaules zemes un tautas">Pasaules zemes un tautas</a></i>. Rīga&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Galven%C4%81_enciklop%C4%93diju_redakcija" title="Galvenā enciklopēdiju redakcija">Galvenā enciklopēdiju redakcija</a>. 1978. 552.&#160;lpp.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pva-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pva_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H.Kinders, V.Hilgemenis. Pasaules vēstures atlants (I daļa), Rīga: Zvaigzne ABC, 2004. gads, 222.&#160;— 225. lpp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ek-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-0">5,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-1">5,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-2">5,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-3">5,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-4">5,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-5">5,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-6">5,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-7">5,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-8">5,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-9">5,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-10">5,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ek_5-11">5,11</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_colier/195/%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90">dic.academic.ru</a>&#160;— <i>Энциклопедия Кольера.&#160;— Открытое общество. 2000.</i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arh-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-arh_7-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-arh_7-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111121084956/http://mesoamerica.narod.ru/Latin/panama_history.html">Panamas vēsture</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Musicant, I, The Banana Wars, 1990, New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0025882104" title="Special:BookSources/0025882104">ISBN 0025882104</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Гальский Дезигер. Великие авантюры.— Москва: Прогресс, 1986.— С.287-288. <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sov-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sov_10-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sov_10-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Панама // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 19. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1975. стр.135-138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spr-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-spr_11-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-spr_11-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Панама // Латинская Америка. Энциклопедический справочник (в 2-х тт.) / редколл, гл.ред. В. В. Вольский. Том II. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1982. стр.290-298 <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Панама // Советская историческая энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. Е. М. Жуков. том 10. М., Государственное научное издательство «Советская энциклопедия», 1967. ст.668-776</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Kinzer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/12/world/anti-sandinistas-say-us-should-end-embargo.html">Anti-Sandinistas say U. S. should end Embargo</a> // "The New York Times" 1989. gada 12. janvāris</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Панама // Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии, 1988 (вып. 32). М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1988. стр.324-325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julie Johnson. Reagan halts all payments to Panamanian government // «The New York Times» от 9 апреля 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Р. Эрнест Дюпюи, Тревор Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн (в 4-х тт.). книга 4 (1925&#160;— 1997). СПб., М., «Полигон&#160;— АСТ», 1998. стр.857-858</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mil/article/14302/operation-just-cause-the-invasion-of-panama-december-1989">army.mil</a>&#160;— <i>Operation Just Cause: the Invasion of Panama, December 1989</i> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-enc_18-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-enc_18-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Panama.aspx">Panama&#160;— Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations, 2007</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")&#160;— <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statoids.com/upa.html"><i>Provinces of Panama</i></a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717100429/http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=3702">«Latin Business Chronicle»</a>. Latin Business Chronicle. 2009. gada 7. oktobris. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=3702">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2010. gada 17. Jūlijs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2015. gada 5. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011012306/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/PANAMAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21045664~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:343561,00.html">«Panama»</a>. World Bank. 2010. gada 15. aprīlis. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/PANAMAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21045664~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:343561,00.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2012. gada 11. Oktobris<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2014. gada 5. janvāris</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY">«Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population)»</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2015. gada 5. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oancea, Dan (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516031334/http://magazine.mining.com/Issues/0901/MiningCentralAmerica.pdf">Mining in Central America</a>. Magazine.mining.com, pp. 10—12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-report_24-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-report_24-1">23,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-report_24-2">23,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-report_24-3">23,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-report_24-4">23,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90262.htm">International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Panama</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119233857/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90262.htm">Arhivēts</a> 2012.&#160;gada 19.&#160;janvārī, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē.. ASV Demokrātijas, cilvēktiesību un darba birojs (14. septembris, 2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCoC-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCoC_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708235914/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/latin-america/panama.html">«Panama»</a>. <i>WCC &gt; Member churches &gt; Regions &gt; Latin America &gt; Panama</i>. World Council of Churches. 2006. gada 1. janvāris. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/latin-america/panama.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2008. gada 8. Jūlijs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2015. gada 5. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guay-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-guay_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_International_Community&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahá&#39;í International Community (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">International Community,&#32;Bahá'í</a>&#32;(October–December 1994).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140802031749/http://info.bahai.org/article-1-8-1-18.html">"In Panama, some Guaymis blaze a new path"</a>.&#32;<i>One Country</i>&#32;1994&#32;(October–December).&#32;Arhivēts&#32;no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.bahai.org/article-1-8-1-18.html">oriģināla</a>&#32;2014.&#160;gada 2.&#160;augustā<span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Atjaunināts: 2014.&#160;gada 3.&#160;decembrī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221084745/http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/contact-us/panama">Panama</a>. LDS Newsroom.2008. gada 13. decembris</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">Kongresa bibliotēka</a> —<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/patoc.html">[1]</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://panama-culture.com/">«The online almanac of Panama culture with travel links»</a>. Panama Culture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2015. gada 5. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100720044412/http://www.thebaseballcube.com/cities/PN.shtml">«Baseball in Panama»</a>. The Baseball Cube. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebaseballcube.com/cities/PN.shtml">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2010. gada 20. Jūlijs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2015. gada 5. janvārī</span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Panama" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Panama">Panama</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Panama"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/panama-20"><i>Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(vāciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/panama/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/panama">Zinātniskās fantastikas enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/strany_mira/PANAMA.html">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1229332.stm">BBC valsts profils</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html"><i>The World Factbook</i> informācija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154224/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html%20">Arhivēts</a> 2018.&#160;gada 25.&#160;decembrī, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē. <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_valstis" title="Veidne:Ziemeļamerikas valstis"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_valstis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Ziemeļamerikas valstis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_valstis&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerika" title="Ziemeļamerika">Ziemeļamerikas valstis un teritorijas</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; text-align:center;;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valstis_vair%C4%81kos_kontinentos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valstis vairākos kontinentos (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Valstis un teritorijas</a>, kas tiek pieskaitītas arī citiem kontinentiem, dotas <i>slīprakstā</i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Valstu_uzskait%C4%ABjums" class="mw-redirect" title="Valstu uzskaitījums">Neatkarīgās valstis</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis">Amerikas Savienotās Valstis</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Antigva_un_Barbuda" title="Antigva un Barbuda">Antigva un Barbuda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bahamu_Salas" title="Bahamu Salas">Bahamu Salas</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Barbadosa" title="Barbadosa">Barbadosa</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Beliza" title="Beliza">Beliza</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Dominik%C4%81na" title="Dominikāna">Dominikāna</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Salvadora" title="Salvadora">Salvadora</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gren%C4%81da" title="Grenāda">Grenāda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gvatemala" title="Gvatemala">Gvatemala</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Hondurasa" title="Hondurasa">Hondurasa</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Jamaika" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Kan%C4%81da" title="Kanāda">Kanāda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Kostarika" title="Kostarika">Kostarika</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Nikaragva" title="Nikaragva">Nikaragva</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panama</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sentkitsa_un_Nevisa" title="Sentkitsa un Nevisa">Sentkitsa un Nevisa</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sentl%C5%ABsija" title="Sentlūsija">Sentlūsija</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sentvinsenta_un_Grenad%C4%ABnas" title="Sentvinsenta un Grenadīnas">Sentvinsenta un Grenadīnas</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <i><a href="/wiki/Trinid%C4%81da_un_Tob%C4%81go" title="Trinidāda un Tobāgo">Trinidāda un Tobāgo</a></i> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Atkar%C4%ABgo_teritoriju_uzskait%C4%ABjums" class="mw-redirect" title="Atkarīgo teritoriju uzskaitījums">Atkarīgās teritorijas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81nija" title="Dānija">Dānija</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Grenlande" title="Grenlande">Grenlande</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Francija" title="Francija">Francija</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><span class="nowrap"></span><a href="/wiki/Gvadelupa" title="Gvadelupa">Gvadelupa</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Klipertona_sala" title="Klipertona sala">Klipertona sala</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Martinika" title="Martinika">Martinika</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Senbartelm%C4%AB" title="Senbartelmī">Senbartelmī</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Senmart%C4%93na" title="Senmartēna">Senmartēna</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Senpj%C4%93ra_un_Mikelona" title="Senpjēra un Mikelona">Senpjēra un Mikelona</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/N%C4%ABderlande" title="Nīderlande">Nīderlande</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></i>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <i><a href="/wiki/Kirasao" title="Kirasao">Kirasao</a></i>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sintm%C4%81rtena" title="Sintmārtena">Sintmārtena</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Apvienot%C4%81_Karaliste" title="Apvienotā Karaliste">Apvienotā Karaliste</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Angilja" title="Angilja">Angilja</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Britu_Vird%C5%BE%C4%ABnas" title="Britu Virdžīnas">Britu Virdžīnas</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Kaimanu_Salas" title="Kaimanu Salas">Kaimanu Salas</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Montserrata" title="Montserrata">Montserrata</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/T%C4%93rksas_un_Kaikosas" title="Tērksas un Kaikosas">Tērksas un Kaikosas</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis">ASV</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/ASV_Vird%C5%BE%C4%ABnas" title="ASV Virdžīnas">ASV Virdžīnas</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Puertoriko" title="Puertoriko">Puertoriko</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Navasa" title="Navasa">Navasa</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Dienvidamerika" title="Veidne:Dienvidamerika"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Dienvidamerika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Dienvidamerika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Dienvidamerika&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Dienvidamerika" title="Dienvidamerika">Dienvidamerikas</a> <a href="/wiki/Dienvidamerikas_valstu_un_atkar%C4%ABgo_teritoriju_uzskait%C4%ABjums" title="Dienvidamerikas valstu un atkarīgo teritoriju uzskaitījums">valstis un teritorijas</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Neatkarīgās valstis</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argent%C4%ABna" title="Argentīna">Argentīna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bol%C4%ABvija" title="Bolīvija">Bolīvija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braz%C4%ABlija" title="Brazīlija">Brazīlija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%ABle" title="Čīle">Čīle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolumbija" title="Kolumbija">Kolumbija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekvadora" title="Ekvadora">Ekvadora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaj%C4%81na" title="Gajāna">Gajāna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panama</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragvaja" title="Paragvaja">Paragvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinama" title="Surinama">Surinama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinid%C4%81da_un_Tob%C4%81go" title="Trinidāda un Tobāgo">Trinidāda un Tobāgo</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urugvaja" title="Urugvaja">Urugvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venecu%C4%93la" title="Venecuēla">Venecuēla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Valstu daļas un <br />atkarīgās teritorijas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dienvidd%C5%BEord%C5%BEija_un_Dienvidsendvi%C4%8Du_Salas" title="Dienviddžordžija un Dienvidsendviču Salas">Dienviddžordžija un Dienvidsendviču Salas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklenda_Salas" title="Folklenda Salas">Folklenda Salas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvi%C4%81na" title="Gviāna">Gviāna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> tiek pieskaitītas arī <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerika" title="Ziemeļamerika">Ziemeļamerikai</a>; <sup>2</sup> tiek pieskaitītas arī <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktikai</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-068688">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtu%C4%81l%C4%81_starptautisk%C4%81_autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_datne" title="Virtuālā starptautiskā autoritatīvā datne">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152381862">152381862</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79068688">n79068688</a></span></li> <li>ISNI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000121869854">0000 0001 2186 9854</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4044445-4">4044445-4</a></span></li> <li>SUDOC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/026397528">026397528</a></span></li> <li>BNF: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865257n">cb11865257n</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865257n">(data)</a></span></li> <li>HDS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F003390.php">003390</a></span></li> <li>NDL: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569025">00569025</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge130364&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">ge130364</a></span></li> <li>BNE: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX451237">XX451237</a></span></li> <li>KulturNav: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/language/en/5fa39ed5-da51-4bae-99ea-a8648dbe866a">id</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐phpnv Cached time: 20241123091429 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.449 seconds Real time usage: 0.614 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5006/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 88981/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9759/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 27/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24686/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.163/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8066126/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 465.046 1 -total 25.00% 116.253 1 Veidne:Sisterlinks-inline 21.23% 98.745 2 Veidne:Atsauces 16.03% 74.551 1 Veidne:Valsts_infokaste 8.33% 38.719 1 Veidne:Enciklopēdiju_ārējās_saites 7.06% 32.815 3 Veidne:Navbox 6.43% 29.925 7 Veidne:Tīmekļa_atsauce 5.80% 26.994 1 Veidne:Ziemeļamerikas_valstis 4.70% 21.860 7 Veidne:Dat 3.97% 18.459 1 Veidne:Autoritatīvā_vadība --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key lvwiki:pcache:idhash:1488-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123091429 and revision id 4082528. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;oldid=4082528">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;oldid=4082528</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorijas</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Labi_raksti" title="Kategorija:Labi raksti">Labi raksti</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Pages_with_image_sizes_containing_extra_px&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Pages with image sizes containing extra px (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Pages with image sizes containing extra px</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Panama" title="Kategorija:Panama">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Zieme%C4%BCamerikas_valstis" title="Kategorija:Ziemeļamerikas valstis">Ziemeļamerikas valstis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Slēpta kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Kategorija:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šī lapa pēdējoreiz labota: 2024. gada 1. jūlijs plkst. 22.14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksts ir pieejams saskaņā ar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike licenci</a>; var pastāvēt papildu ierobežojumi. Plašākai informācijai skatīt <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Lieto%C5%A1anas_noteikumi" title="Vikipēdija:Lietošanas noteikumi">lietošanas noteikumus</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privātuma politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Par">Par Vikipēdiju</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Saist%C4%ABbu_atrunas">Saistību atrunas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Izstrādātāji</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/lv.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Sīkdatņu deklarācija</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//lv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panama&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilais skats</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5wzkx","wgBackendResponseTime":189,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.449","walltime":"0.614","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5006,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":88981,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9759,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24686,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 465.046 1 -total"," 25.00% 116.253 1 Veidne:Sisterlinks-inline"," 21.23% 98.745 2 Veidne:Atsauces"," 16.03% 74.551 1 Veidne:Valsts_infokaste"," 8.33% 38.719 1 Veidne:Enciklopēdiju_ārējās_saites"," 7.06% 32.815 3 Veidne:Navbox"," 6.43% 29.925 7 Veidne:Tīmekļa_atsauce"," 5.80% 26.994 1 Veidne:Ziemeļamerikas_valstis"," 4.70% 21.860 7 Veidne:Dat"," 3.97% 18.459 1 Veidne:Autoritatīvā_vadība"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.163","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8066126,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-phpnv","timestamp":"20241123091429","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Panama","url":"https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q804","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q804","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-14T19:43:05Z","dateModified":"2024-07-01T20:14:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/Flag_of_Panama.svg","headline":"valsts Centr\u0101lamerik\u0101"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10