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more-tab" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-documents-more-tab link-unstyled u-textTruncate" data-toggle="dropdown" role="tab">More  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="js-profile-documents-more-dropdown dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right profile-documents-more-dropdown" role="menu"><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Essays" data-toggle="tab" href="#essays" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Essays</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>54</span> Papers</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Opinion-columns-in-newspapers" data-toggle="tab" href="#opinioncolumnsinnewspapers" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>8</span> Opinion columns in newspapers</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Journal Articles" id="Journal Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Journal Articles by Elliott Young</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40580909"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40580909/From_Sanctuary_to_Civil_Disobedience_History_and_Praxis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience: History and Praxis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40580909/From_Sanctuary_to_Civil_Disobedience_History_and_Praxis">From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience: History and Praxis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Radical History Review</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleg...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. At Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, a group of faculty organized a Civil Disobedience Workshop in the spring semester to help students, faculty, staff, and community members think through past and present examples of civil disobedience. Organized as a democratic workshop, each week was devoted to a different aspect of civil disobedience, from the philosophical underpinnings of the idea to examples of civil disobedience around the world, in Portland and on our own campus. The effort to create a democratic learning space outside of the hierarchical structures of the college was a primary goal of this experiment. The lightning-fast mobilization around sanctuary campuses provided both the inspiration and the organizing basis for the genesis of this workshop.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40580909"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40580909"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40580909; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40580909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40580909]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40580909; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40580909']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40580909, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40580909]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40580909,"title":"From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience: History and Praxis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1215/01636545-7607908","abstract":"Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. 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The effort to create a democratic learning space outside of the hierarchical structures of the college was a primary goal of this experiment. 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Thousands of immigrants were imprisoned there for violations of immigration laws, and also for drug and alcohol charges. It was at McNeil Island that in the late 1880s scores of Chinese were sentenced to six months hard labor for merely being present in the country without authorization, an offense that was not (and still is not) a criminal offense. This article reveals that the overlap between immigration and criminal law, known as crimmigration, began at the dawn of immigration enforcement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a114478d967a9225a85ebaf65d816e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58308623,"asset_id":38264820,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58308623/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38264820"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38264820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38264820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38264820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38264820]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38264820; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38264820']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38264820, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8a114478d967a9225a85ebaf65d816e9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38264820]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38264820,"title":"Caging Immigrants at McNeil Island Federal Prison, 1880-1940","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1525/phr.2019.88.1.48.","issue":"1","volume":"88","abstract":"McNeil Island prison was the first federal penitentiary in the U.S. West from its founding in 1875 through the 1930s. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6218061"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218061/Between_the_Market_and_a_Hard_Place_Fernando_Pe_rez_s_Suite_Habana_in_a_Post_utopian_Cuba"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Between the Market and a Hard Place: Fernando Pérez’s Suite Habana in a Post-utopian Cuba" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33088079/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218061/Between_the_Market_and_a_Hard_Place_Fernando_Pe_rez_s_Suite_Habana_in_a_Post_utopian_Cuba">Between the Market and a Hard Place: Fernando Pérez’s Suite Habana in a Post-utopian Cuba</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cuban Studies</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT This article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT <br />This article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during Cuba’s Special Period has resulted in a new post-utopian aesthetics of the everyday and allows for greater possibilities for social critique in Cuban cinema. Although the international market imposes certain constraints on Cuban filmmakers, which they didn’t have to contend with when they received state subsidies, their ability to negotiate between two masters, the market and the Cuban state, has afforded them more autonomy than they previously enjoyed. Fernando Pérez’s film Suite Habana (2003), which follows a day in the life of ordinary Habaneros, provides a daring and realistic glimpse into the everyday lives of Cubans struggling to survive in the midst of economic crisis. Suite Habana represents a new aesthetic that emerged in the Special Period of post-utopian Cuba, one that focuses on everyday concerns rather than on monumental historical events or narratives that justify the Cuban Revolution. Neither anti-revolutionary nor blithely pro-socialist, Pérez’s post-utopian view helps us to understand how Cubans are dealing with the transition from a socialist Fidelista state to something else. <br />RESUMEN <br />Este artículo propone que la orientación del arte hacia un mercado internacional durante el período especial ha dado lugar a una nueva estética pos-utópica de lo cotidiano, la cual permite más posibilidades para una critica social en el cine cubano. Aunque el mercado internacional impone ciertas restricciones en los directores cubanos, que no existían cuando recibían subsidios del estado, su capacidad de negociar entre estos dos patrones, el mercado y el estado cubano, les ha dado a los cineastas una mayor autonomía que la disfrutada antes. La película de Fernando Pérez, Suite Habana (2003), que relata un día típico en la vida de los habaneros, nos da una visión audaz y realista de la lucha cotidiana para sobrevivir en medio de una crisis económica. Suite Habana representa una nueva estética que emerge durante el período especial, una estética que se enfoca en los asuntos cotidianos en vez de en los eventos históricos monumentales o en narrativas que justifican la revolución cubana. Ni anti-revolucionario, ni superficialmente socialista, la visión pos-utópica de Pérez nos ayuda entender cómo los cubanos están manejando la transición de un estado socialista Fidelista a algo diferente y desconocido.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f9a9e9066edbbf4a8203b90a5d9850c3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088079,"asset_id":6218061,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088079/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6218061"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218061"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218061; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218061]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218061]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218061; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6218061']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6218061, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f9a9e9066edbbf4a8203b90a5d9850c3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6218061]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6218061,"title":"Between the Market and a Hard Place: Fernando Pérez’s Suite Habana in a Post-utopian Cuba","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT\r\nThis article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during Cuba’s Special Period has resulted in a new post-utopian aesthetics of the everyday and allows for greater possibilities for social critique in Cuban cinema. Although the international market imposes certain constraints on Cuban filmmakers, which they didn’t have to contend with when they received state subsidies, their ability to negotiate between two masters, the market and the Cuban state, has afforded them more autonomy than they previously enjoyed. Fernando Pérez’s film Suite Habana (2003), which follows a day in the life of ordinary Habaneros, provides a daring and realistic glimpse into the everyday lives of Cubans struggling to survive in the midst of economic crisis. Suite Habana represents a new aesthetic that emerged in the Special Period of post-utopian Cuba, one that focuses on everyday concerns rather than on monumental historical events or narratives that justify the Cuban Revolution. Neither anti-revolutionary nor blithely pro-socialist, Pérez’s post-utopian view helps us to understand how Cubans are dealing with the transition from a socialist Fidelista state to something else.\r\nRESUMEN\r\nEste artículo propone que la orientación del arte hacia un mercado internacional durante el período especial ha dado lugar a una nueva estética pos-utópica de lo cotidiano, la cual permite más posibilidades para una critica social en el cine cubano. Aunque el mercado internacional impone ciertas restricciones en los directores cubanos, que no existían cuando recibían subsidios del estado, su capacidad de negociar entre estos dos patrones, el mercado y el estado cubano, les ha dado a los cineastas una mayor autonomía que la disfrutada antes. La película de Fernando Pérez, Suite Habana (2003), que relata un día típico en la vida de los habaneros, nos da una visión audaz y realista de la lucha cotidiana para sobrevivir en medio de una crisis económica. Suite Habana representa una nueva estética que emerge durante el período especial, una estética que se enfoca en los asuntos cotidianos en vez de en los eventos históricos monumentales o en narrativas que justifican la revolución cubana. Ni anti-revolucionario, ni superficialmente socialista, la visión pos-utópica de Pérez nos ayuda entender cómo los cubanos están manejando la transición de un estado socialista Fidelista a algo diferente y desconocido.","ai_title_tag":"Post-Utopian Aesthetics in Suite Habana and Cuban Cinema","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Cuban Studies"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT\r\nThis article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during Cuba’s Special Period has resulted in a new post-utopian aesthetics of the everyday and allows for greater possibilities for social critique in Cuban cinema. Although the international market imposes certain constraints on Cuban filmmakers, which they didn’t have to contend with when they received state subsidies, their ability to negotiate between two masters, the market and the Cuban state, has afforded them more autonomy than they previously enjoyed. Fernando Pérez’s film Suite Habana (2003), which follows a day in the life of ordinary Habaneros, provides a daring and realistic glimpse into the everyday lives of Cubans struggling to survive in the midst of economic crisis. Suite Habana represents a new aesthetic that emerged in the Special Period of post-utopian Cuba, one that focuses on everyday concerns rather than on monumental historical events or narratives that justify the Cuban Revolution. Neither anti-revolutionary nor blithely pro-socialist, Pérez’s post-utopian view helps us to understand how Cubans are dealing with the transition from a socialist Fidelista state to something else.\r\nRESUMEN\r\nEste artículo propone que la orientación del arte hacia un mercado internacional durante el período especial ha dado lugar a una nueva estética pos-utópica de lo cotidiano, la cual permite más posibilidades para una critica social en el cine cubano. Aunque el mercado internacional impone ciertas restricciones en los directores cubanos, que no existían cuando recibían subsidios del estado, su capacidad de negociar entre estos dos patrones, el mercado y el estado cubano, les ha dado a los cineastas una mayor autonomía que la disfrutada antes. La película de Fernando Pérez, Suite Habana (2003), que relata un día típico en la vida de los habaneros, nos da una visión audaz y realista de la lucha cotidiana para sobrevivir en medio de una crisis económica. Suite Habana representa una nueva estética que emerge durante el período especial, una estética que se enfoca en los asuntos cotidianos en vez de en los eventos históricos monumentales o en narrativas que justifican la revolución cubana. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6218028"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218028/Remembering_Catarino_Garzas_1891_Revolution_An_Aborted_Border_Insurrection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Remembering Catarino Garza's 1891 Revolution: An Aborted Border Insurrection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33088047/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218028/Remembering_Catarino_Garzas_1891_Revolution_An_Aborted_Border_Insurrection">Remembering Catarino Garza's 1891 Revolution: An Aborted Border Insurrection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos</span><span>, 1996</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7968babb261f5e032c9745293bce7b8e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088047,"asset_id":6218028,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088047/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6218028"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218028"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218028; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Elliott Young</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9256310"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9256310/Alien_Nation_Chinese_Migration_in_the_Americas_from_the_Coolie_Era_through_WWII"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alien Nation: Chinese Migration in the Americas from the Coolie Era through WWII" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9256310/Alien_Nation_Chinese_Migration_in_the_Americas_from_the_Coolie_Era_through_WWII">Alien Nation: Chinese Migration in the Americas from the Coolie Era through WWII</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Ameri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the “coolie” trade and ending during World War II. The Chinese came as laborers, streaming across borders legally and illegally and working jobs few others wanted, from constructing railroads in California to harvesting sugar cane in Cuba. Though nations were built in part from their labor, Young argues that they were the first group of migrants to bear the stigma of being “alien.” Being neither black nor white and existing outside of the nineteenth century Western norms of sexuality and gender, the Chinese were viewed as permanent outsiders, culturally and legally. It was their presence that hastened the creation of immigration bureaucracies charged with capture, imprisonment, and deportation. <br /> <br />This book is the first transnational history of Chinese migration to the Americas. By focusing on the fluidity and complexity of border crossings throughout the Western Hemisphere, Young shows us how Chinese migrants constructed alternative communities and identities through these transnational pathways.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9256310"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9256310"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9256310; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9256310]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9256310]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9256310; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9256310']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9256310, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9256310]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9256310,"title":"Alien Nation: Chinese Migration in the Americas from the Coolie Era through WWII","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the “coolie” trade and ending during World War II. 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By focusing on the fluidity and complexity of border crossings throughout the Western Hemisphere, Young shows us how Chinese migrants constructed alternative communities and identities through these transnational pathways."},"translated_abstract":"In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the “coolie” trade and ending during World War II. The Chinese came as laborers, streaming across borders legally and illegally and working jobs few others wanted, from constructing railroads in California to harvesting sugar cane in Cuba. Though nations were built in part from their labor, Young argues that they were the first group of migrants to bear the stigma of being “alien.” Being neither black nor white and existing outside of the nineteenth century Western norms of sexuality and gender, the Chinese were viewed as permanent outsiders, culturally and legally. It was their presence that hastened the creation of immigration bureaucracies charged with capture, imprisonment, and deportation.\r\n\r\nThis book is the first transnational history of Chinese migration to the Americas. By focusing on the fluidity and complexity of border crossings throughout the Western Hemisphere, Young shows us how Chinese migrants constructed alternative communities and identities through these transnational pathways.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9256310/Alien_Nation_Chinese_Migration_in_the_Americas_from_the_Coolie_Era_through_WWII","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-11-11T14:04:19.049-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1854459,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Alien_Nation_Chinese_Migration_in_the_Americas_from_the_Coolie_Era_through_WWII","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1854459,"first_name":"Elliott","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Young","page_name":"ElliottYoung","domain_name":"lclark","created_at":"2012-05-30T16:07:07.758-07:00","display_name":"Elliott Young","url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/ElliottYoung"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies"},{"id":3764,"name":"Asian American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_American_Studies"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration"},{"id":249304,"name":"Borders and Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Borderlands"}],"urls":[{"id":3822755,"url":"https://elliottyoungblog.wordpress.com/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Book Chapters" id="Book Chapters"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Book Chapters by Elliott Young</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40581007"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40581007/Beyond_Borders_Remote_Control_in_the_New_Global_Era"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Beyond Borders: Remote Control in the New Global Era" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40581007/Beyond_Borders_Remote_Control_in_the_New_Global_Era">Beyond Borders: Remote Control in the New Global Era</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A Nation of Immigrants Reconsidered: US Society in an Age of Restriction 1924 to 1965 </span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40581007"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40581007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40581007; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40581285"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40581285/Globalization_and_the_Border_Wall_Transnational_Policing_Regimes_in_North_America_1890s_to_the_Present"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Globalization and the Border Wall: Transnational Policing Regimes in North America, 1890s to the Present" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40581285/Globalization_and_the_Border_Wall_Transnational_Policing_Regimes_in_North_America_1890s_to_the_Present">Globalization and the Border Wall: Transnational Policing Regimes in North America, 1890s to the Present</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Deportation in the Americas: Histories of Exclusion and Resistance </span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40581285"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40581285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40581285; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40581105"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40581105/The_Panic_Over_Human_Smuggling_From_the_Nineteenth_Century_Coolie_Trade_to_Today_s_Migrants"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Panic Over Human Smuggling: From the Nineteenth Century Coolie Trade to Today’s Migrants" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40581105/The_Panic_Over_Human_Smuggling_From_the_Nineteenth_Century_Coolie_Trade_to_Today_s_Migrants">The Panic Over Human Smuggling: From the Nineteenth Century Coolie Trade to Today’s Migrants</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Panic, Transnational Cultural Studies, and the Affective Contours of Power </span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40581105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40581105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40581105; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Introductions" id="Introductions"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Introductions by Elliott Young</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6218099"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218099/_Maya_Will_Be_Back_Reaction_to_R_Andre_s_Guzma_n_s_From_Highways_to_High_Rises_The_Urbanization_of_Capital_Consciousness_and_Labor_Struggle_in_Ken_Loach_s_Bread_and_Roses_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Maya Will Be Back": Reaction to R. Andrés Guzmán’s “From Highways to High-Rises: The Urbanization of Capital, Consciousness and Labor Struggle in Ken Loach’s Bread and Roses”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33088109/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218099/_Maya_Will_Be_Back_Reaction_to_R_Andre_s_Guzma_n_s_From_Highways_to_High_Rises_The_Urbanization_of_Capital_Consciousness_and_Labor_Struggle_in_Ken_Loach_s_Bread_and_Roses_">"Maya Will Be Back": Reaction to R. Andrés Guzmán’s “From Highways to High-Rises: The Urbanization of Capital, Consciousness and Labor Struggle in Ken Loach’s Bread and Roses”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="525786d81bfa78a3a4ab9dbce5424dc9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088109,"asset_id":6218099,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088109/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6218099"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218099"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218099; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218099]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218099]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218099; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6218099']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6218099, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "525786d81bfa78a3a4ab9dbce5424dc9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6218099]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6218099,"title":"\"Maya Will Be Back\": Reaction to R. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Essays" id="Essays"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Essays by Elliott Young</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6218080"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218080/_Regions_in_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Transnational_History"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Regions," in Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33088091/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218080/_Regions_in_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Transnational_History">"Regions," in Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="045539f54ff23ed08a2315bbde04e4d2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088091,"asset_id":6218080,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088091/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6218080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218080]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6218080']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6218080, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Elliott Young</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85283740"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85283740/_A_Particularly_Serious_Crime_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “A Particularly Serious Crime”" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029045/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85283740/_A_Particularly_Serious_Crime_">“A Particularly Serious Crime”</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forever Prisoners</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Machado was just five years old in 1990 when she was brought to the United States by her mother, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Machado was just five years old in 1990 when she was brought to the United States by her mother, who was desperate to escape the civil war raging in their home country of El Salvador; she wanted a better life for her two young daughters. In 2015, she was picked up in a traffic stop in Arkansas which triggered her deportation based on a felony conviction from a decade earlier. Machado’s story reveals a radical shift that had been happening since the mid-1990s. Unprecedented numbers of immigrants were being caught in a system that penalized people with mandatory deportations for relatively low-level crimes. Machado does not fit easily into the Manichean distinction made by President Obama in 2014 between “felons” on the one hand and “families” on the other. Machado, like so many others, is both.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="13ab4cd0ef2e98aa220a2473c7ac32f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90029045,"asset_id":85283740,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029045/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85283740"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85283740"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85283740; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85283740]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=85283740]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85283740; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='85283740']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 85283740, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "13ab4cd0ef2e98aa220a2473c7ac32f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=85283740]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":85283740,"title":"“A Particularly Serious Crime”","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Machado was just five years old in 1990 when she was brought to the United States by her mother, who was desperate to escape the civil war raging in their home country of El Salvador; she wanted a better life for her two young daughters. In 2015, she was picked up in a traffic stop in Arkansas which triggered her deportation based on a felony conviction from a decade earlier. Machado’s story reveals a radical shift that had been happening since the mid-1990s. Unprecedented numbers of immigrants were being caught in a system that penalized people with mandatory deportations for relatively low-level crimes. Machado does not fit easily into the Manichean distinction made by President Obama in 2014 between “felons” on the one hand and “families” on the other. Machado, like so many others, is both.","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publication_name":"Forever Prisoners"},"translated_abstract":"Machado was just five years old in 1990 when she was brought to the United States by her mother, who was desperate to escape the civil war raging in their home country of El Salvador; she wanted a better life for her two young daughters. 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on any given day, more than 50,000 immigrants are held in detention in hundreds of ICE detention facilities spread across the country. This book provides an explanation of how, where, and why non-citizens were put behind bars in the United States from the late nineteenth century to the present. Through select granular experiences of detention over the course of more than 140 years, this book explains how America built the world’s largest system for imprisoning immigrants. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1195179" id="journalarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40580909"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40580909/From_Sanctuary_to_Civil_Disobedience_History_and_Praxis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience: History and Praxis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40580909/From_Sanctuary_to_Civil_Disobedience_History_and_Praxis">From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience: History and Praxis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Radical History Review</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleg...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. At Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, a group of faculty organized a Civil Disobedience Workshop in the spring semester to help students, faculty, staff, and community members think through past and present examples of civil disobedience. Organized as a democratic workshop, each week was devoted to a different aspect of civil disobedience, from the philosophical underpinnings of the idea to examples of civil disobedience around the world, in Portland and on our own campus. The effort to create a democratic learning space outside of the hierarchical structures of the college was a primary goal of this experiment. The lightning-fast mobilization around sanctuary campuses provided both the inspiration and the organizing basis for the genesis of this workshop.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40580909"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40580909"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40580909; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40580909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40580909]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40580909; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40580909']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40580909, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40580909]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40580909,"title":"From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience: History and Praxis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1215/01636545-7607908","abstract":"Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. 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The lightning-fast mobilization around sanctuary campuses provided both the inspiration and the organizing basis for the genesis of this workshop.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40580909/From_Sanctuary_to_Civil_Disobedience_History_and_Praxis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-10-10T09:40:22.363-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1854459,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"From_Sanctuary_to_Civil_Disobedience_History_and_Praxis","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1854459,"first_name":"Elliott","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Young","page_name":"ElliottYoung","domain_name":"lclark","created_at":"2012-05-30T16:07:07.758-07:00","display_name":"Elliott Young","url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/ElliottYoung"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration"},{"id":36742,"name":"Civil disobedience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_disobedience"},{"id":166196,"name":"Sanctuary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanctuary"}],"urls":[{"id":8868080,"url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/radical-history-review/article-abstract/2019/135/171/140463/From-Sanctuary-to-Civil-DisobedienceHistory-and?redirectedFrom=PDF"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38264820"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38264820/Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Federal_Prison_1880_1940"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Caging Immigrants at McNeil Island Federal Prison, 1880-1940" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58308623/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38264820/Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Federal_Prison_1880_1940">Caging Immigrants at McNeil Island Federal Prison, 1880-1940</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pacific Historical Review</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">McNeil Island prison was the first federal penitentiary in the U.S. West from its founding in 187...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">McNeil Island prison was the first federal penitentiary in the U.S. West from its founding in 1875 through the 1930s. Thousands of immigrants were imprisoned there for violations of immigration laws, and also for drug and alcohol charges. It was at McNeil Island that in the late 1880s scores of Chinese were sentenced to six months hard labor for merely being present in the country without authorization, an offense that was not (and still is not) a criminal offense. This article reveals that the overlap between immigration and criminal law, known as crimmigration, began at the dawn of immigration enforcement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a114478d967a9225a85ebaf65d816e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58308623,"asset_id":38264820,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58308623/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38264820"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38264820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38264820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38264820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38264820]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38264820; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38264820']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38264820, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8a114478d967a9225a85ebaf65d816e9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38264820]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38264820,"title":"Caging Immigrants at McNeil Island Federal Prison, 1880-1940","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1525/phr.2019.88.1.48.","issue":"1","volume":"88","abstract":"McNeil Island prison was the first federal penitentiary in the U.S. West from its founding in 1875 through the 1930s. Thousands of immigrants were imprisoned there for violations of immigration laws, and also for drug and alcohol charges. It was at McNeil Island that in the late 1880s scores of Chinese were sentenced to six months hard labor for merely being present in the country without authorization, an offense that was not (and still is not) a criminal offense. This article reveals that the overlap between immigration and criminal law, known as crimmigration, began at the dawn of immigration enforcement.","page_numbers":"48-85","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pacific Historical Review"},"translated_abstract":"McNeil Island prison was the first federal penitentiary in the U.S. West from its founding in 1875 through the 1930s. Thousands of immigrants were imprisoned there for violations of immigration laws, and also for drug and alcohol charges. It was at McNeil Island that in the late 1880s scores of Chinese were sentenced to six months hard labor for merely being present in the country without authorization, an offense that was not (and still is not) a criminal offense. This article reveals that the overlap between immigration and criminal law, known as crimmigration, began at the dawn of immigration enforcement.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38264820/Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Federal_Prison_1880_1940","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-01-31T20:11:17.250-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1854459,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58308623,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58308623/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Penitentiary.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58308623/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Feder.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58308623/Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Penitentiary-libre.pdf?1548996706=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCaging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Feder.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181795\u0026Signature=YBSETbOldJHm6HfYc7vgB~44J40yTRCwSe5JLkmvLG1RqolfZ4hcWfIEzZ15~HY9PE3XUFMUaXuuxQpzuITKAZ-eVUrbzNAEbJjc78aeP8UKxowSYBslV~jtcXx3TT1W~edTAeLdu2RXIa732gISB~Ei99nzfMyT-nuyJE86ojAmJqsEXgORXzeqXXfVWyqk~C65ccaGqtTDIJ8mjMMvct1q9LQ1eDtUyQp8mc1GukZ6Tidh9cNiDo250c-GBT0xkGVQLEwejrYRhaBa5NYauZvPMpK0cXdGmv8NnWscmXDbitGDlHUwxAfSuWBwAkBU6YibgVKnfQwYGEaEbQEhJA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Federal_Prison_1880_1940","translated_slug":"","page_count":38,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1854459,"first_name":"Elliott","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Young","page_name":"ElliottYoung","domain_name":"lclark","created_at":"2012-05-30T16:07:07.758-07:00","display_name":"Elliott Young","url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/ElliottYoung"},"attachments":[{"id":58308623,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58308623/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Penitentiary.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58308623/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Feder.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58308623/Caging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Penitentiary-libre.pdf?1548996706=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCaging_Immigrants_at_McNeil_Island_Feder.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181795\u0026Signature=YBSETbOldJHm6HfYc7vgB~44J40yTRCwSe5JLkmvLG1RqolfZ4hcWfIEzZ15~HY9PE3XUFMUaXuuxQpzuITKAZ-eVUrbzNAEbJjc78aeP8UKxowSYBslV~jtcXx3TT1W~edTAeLdu2RXIa732gISB~Ei99nzfMyT-nuyJE86ojAmJqsEXgORXzeqXXfVWyqk~C65ccaGqtTDIJ8mjMMvct1q9LQ1eDtUyQp8mc1GukZ6Tidh9cNiDo250c-GBT0xkGVQLEwejrYRhaBa5NYauZvPMpK0cXdGmv8NnWscmXDbitGDlHUwxAfSuWBwAkBU6YibgVKnfQwYGEaEbQEhJA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3843,"name":"Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigration"},{"id":51618,"name":"Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons"},{"id":186589,"name":"Chinese Immigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Immigration"},{"id":615251,"name":"Crimmigration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crimmigration"},{"id":890714,"name":"Ricardo Flores Magòn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ricardo_Flores_Magon"}],"urls":[{"id":8689259,"url":"http://phr.ucpress.edu/content/88/1/48"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6218068"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218068/Transnationalizing_Borderlands_History"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transnationalizing Borderlands History" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33088085/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218068/Transnationalizing_Borderlands_History">Transnationalizing Borderlands History</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Western Historical Quarterly</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb090845c4825c134686bafb4f591796" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088085,"asset_id":6218068,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088085/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6218068"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218068"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218068; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6218061"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218061/Between_the_Market_and_a_Hard_Place_Fernando_Pe_rez_s_Suite_Habana_in_a_Post_utopian_Cuba"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Between the Market and a Hard Place: Fernando Pérez’s Suite Habana in a Post-utopian Cuba" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33088079/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6218061/Between_the_Market_and_a_Hard_Place_Fernando_Pe_rez_s_Suite_Habana_in_a_Post_utopian_Cuba">Between the Market and a Hard Place: Fernando Pérez’s Suite Habana in a Post-utopian Cuba</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cuban Studies</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT This article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT <br />This article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during Cuba’s Special Period has resulted in a new post-utopian aesthetics of the everyday and allows for greater possibilities for social critique in Cuban cinema. Although the international market imposes certain constraints on Cuban filmmakers, which they didn’t have to contend with when they received state subsidies, their ability to negotiate between two masters, the market and the Cuban state, has afforded them more autonomy than they previously enjoyed. Fernando Pérez’s film Suite Habana (2003), which follows a day in the life of ordinary Habaneros, provides a daring and realistic glimpse into the everyday lives of Cubans struggling to survive in the midst of economic crisis. Suite Habana represents a new aesthetic that emerged in the Special Period of post-utopian Cuba, one that focuses on everyday concerns rather than on monumental historical events or narratives that justify the Cuban Revolution. Neither anti-revolutionary nor blithely pro-socialist, Pérez’s post-utopian view helps us to understand how Cubans are dealing with the transition from a socialist Fidelista state to something else. <br />RESUMEN <br />Este artículo propone que la orientación del arte hacia un mercado internacional durante el período especial ha dado lugar a una nueva estética pos-utópica de lo cotidiano, la cual permite más posibilidades para una critica social en el cine cubano. Aunque el mercado internacional impone ciertas restricciones en los directores cubanos, que no existían cuando recibían subsidios del estado, su capacidad de negociar entre estos dos patrones, el mercado y el estado cubano, les ha dado a los cineastas una mayor autonomía que la disfrutada antes. La película de Fernando Pérez, Suite Habana (2003), que relata un día típico en la vida de los habaneros, nos da una visión audaz y realista de la lucha cotidiana para sobrevivir en medio de una crisis económica. Suite Habana representa una nueva estética que emerge durante el período especial, una estética que se enfoca en los asuntos cotidianos en vez de en los eventos históricos monumentales o en narrativas que justifican la revolución cubana. Ni anti-revolucionario, ni superficialmente socialista, la visión pos-utópica de Pérez nos ayuda entender cómo los cubanos están manejando la transición de un estado socialista Fidelista a algo diferente y desconocido.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f9a9e9066edbbf4a8203b90a5d9850c3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088079,"asset_id":6218061,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088079/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE3ODE5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6218061"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218061"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218061; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218061]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218061]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218061; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6218061']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6218061, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f9a9e9066edbbf4a8203b90a5d9850c3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6218061]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6218061,"title":"Between the Market and a Hard Place: Fernando Pérez’s Suite Habana in a Post-utopian Cuba","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT\r\nThis article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during Cuba’s Special Period has resulted in a new post-utopian aesthetics of the everyday and allows for greater possibilities for social critique in Cuban cinema. Although the international market imposes certain constraints on Cuban filmmakers, which they didn’t have to contend with when they received state subsidies, their ability to negotiate between two masters, the market and the Cuban state, has afforded them more autonomy than they previously enjoyed. Fernando Pérez’s film Suite Habana (2003), which follows a day in the life of ordinary Habaneros, provides a daring and realistic glimpse into the everyday lives of Cubans struggling to survive in the midst of economic crisis. Suite Habana represents a new aesthetic that emerged in the Special Period of post-utopian Cuba, one that focuses on everyday concerns rather than on monumental historical events or narratives that justify the Cuban Revolution. Neither anti-revolutionary nor blithely pro-socialist, Pérez’s post-utopian view helps us to understand how Cubans are dealing with the transition from a socialist Fidelista state to something else.\r\nRESUMEN\r\nEste artículo propone que la orientación del arte hacia un mercado internacional durante el período especial ha dado lugar a una nueva estética pos-utópica de lo cotidiano, la cual permite más posibilidades para una critica social en el cine cubano. Aunque el mercado internacional impone ciertas restricciones en los directores cubanos, que no existían cuando recibían subsidios del estado, su capacidad de negociar entre estos dos patrones, el mercado y el estado cubano, les ha dado a los cineastas una mayor autonomía que la disfrutada antes. La película de Fernando Pérez, Suite Habana (2003), que relata un día típico en la vida de los habaneros, nos da una visión audaz y realista de la lucha cotidiana para sobrevivir en medio de una crisis económica. Suite Habana representa una nueva estética que emerge durante el período especial, una estética que se enfoca en los asuntos cotidianos en vez de en los eventos históricos monumentales o en narrativas que justifican la revolución cubana. Ni anti-revolucionario, ni superficialmente socialista, la visión pos-utópica de Pérez nos ayuda entender cómo los cubanos están manejando la transición de un estado socialista Fidelista a algo diferente y desconocido.","ai_title_tag":"Post-Utopian Aesthetics in Suite Habana and Cuban Cinema","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Cuban Studies"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT\r\nThis article argues that the orientation of art toward an international market during Cuba’s Special Period has resulted in a new post-utopian aesthetics of the everyday and allows for greater possibilities for social critique in Cuban cinema. Although the international market imposes certain constraints on Cuban filmmakers, which they didn’t have to contend with when they received state subsidies, their ability to negotiate between two masters, the market and the Cuban state, has afforded them more autonomy than they previously enjoyed. Fernando Pérez’s film Suite Habana (2003), which follows a day in the life of ordinary Habaneros, provides a daring and realistic glimpse into the everyday lives of Cubans struggling to survive in the midst of economic crisis. Suite Habana represents a new aesthetic that emerged in the Special Period of post-utopian Cuba, one that focuses on everyday concerns rather than on monumental historical events or narratives that justify the Cuban Revolution. Neither anti-revolutionary nor blithely pro-socialist, Pérez’s post-utopian view helps us to understand how Cubans are dealing with the transition from a socialist Fidelista state to something else.\r\nRESUMEN\r\nEste artículo propone que la orientación del arte hacia un mercado internacional durante el período especial ha dado lugar a una nueva estética pos-utópica de lo cotidiano, la cual permite más posibilidades para una critica social en el cine cubano. Aunque el mercado internacional impone ciertas restricciones en los directores cubanos, que no existían cuando recibían subsidios del estado, su capacidad de negociar entre estos dos patrones, el mercado y el estado cubano, les ha dado a los cineastas una mayor autonomía que la disfrutada antes. La película de Fernando Pérez, Suite Habana (2003), que relata un día típico en la vida de los habaneros, nos da una visión audaz y realista de la lucha cotidiana para sobrevivir en medio de una crisis económica. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1195230" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9256310"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9256310/Alien_Nation_Chinese_Migration_in_the_Americas_from_the_Coolie_Era_through_WWII"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alien Nation: Chinese Migration in the Americas from the Coolie Era through WWII" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9256310/Alien_Nation_Chinese_Migration_in_the_Americas_from_the_Coolie_Era_through_WWII">Alien Nation: Chinese Migration in the Americas from the Coolie Era through WWII</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Ameri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the “coolie” trade and ending during World War II. The Chinese came as laborers, streaming across borders legally and illegally and working jobs few others wanted, from constructing railroads in California to harvesting sugar cane in Cuba. Though nations were built in part from their labor, Young argues that they were the first group of migrants to bear the stigma of being “alien.” Being neither black nor white and existing outside of the nineteenth century Western norms of sexuality and gender, the Chinese were viewed as permanent outsiders, culturally and legally. It was their presence that hastened the creation of immigration bureaucracies charged with capture, imprisonment, and deportation. <br /> <br />This book is the first transnational history of Chinese migration to the Americas. By focusing on the fluidity and complexity of border crossings throughout the Western Hemisphere, Young shows us how Chinese migrants constructed alternative communities and identities through these transnational pathways.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9256310"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9256310"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9256310; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9256310]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9256310]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9256310; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9256310']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9256310, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9256310]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9256310,"title":"Alien Nation: Chinese Migration in the Americas from the Coolie Era through WWII","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the “coolie” trade and ending during World War II. 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she wanted a better life for her two young daughters. In 2015, she was picked up in a traffic stop in Arkansas which triggered her deportation based on a felony conviction from a decade earlier. Machado’s story reveals a radical shift that had been happening since the mid-1990s. Unprecedented numbers of immigrants were being caught in a system that penalized people with mandatory deportations for relatively low-level crimes. Machado does not fit easily into the Manichean distinction made by President Obama in 2014 between “felons” on the one hand and “families” on the other. 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In 2015, she was picked up in a traffic stop in Arkansas which triggered her deportation based on a felony conviction from a decade earlier. Machado’s story reveals a radical shift that had been happening since the mid-1990s. Unprecedented numbers of immigrants were being caught in a system that penalized people with mandatory deportations for relatively low-level crimes. Machado does not fit easily into the Manichean distinction made by President Obama in 2014 between “felons” on the one hand and “families” on the other. Machado, like so many others, is both.","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publication_name":"Forever Prisoners"},"translated_abstract":"Machado was just five years old in 1990 when she was brought to the United States by her mother, who was desperate to escape the civil war raging in their home country of El Salvador; she wanted a better life for her two young daughters. 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on any given day, more than 50,000 immigrants are held in detention in hundreds of ICE detention facilities spread across the country. This book provides an explanation of how, where, and why non-citizens were put behind bars in the United States from the late nineteenth century to the present. Through select granular experiences of detention over the course of more than 140 years, this book explains how America built the world’s largest system for imprisoning immigrants. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85283728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85283728/The_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_Triana_Mauro_and_Eng_Herrera_Pedro"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Chinese in Cuba, 1847-Now - by Garcia Triana, Mauro and Eng Herrera, Pedro" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029040/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85283728/The_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_Triana_Mauro_and_Eng_Herrera_Pedro">The Chinese in Cuba, 1847-Now - by Garcia Triana, Mauro and Eng Herrera, Pedro</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bulletin of Latin American Research</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8b7a2e4f13704fd21aa215101ac2868f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90029040,"asset_id":85283728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029040/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85283728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85283728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85283728; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8b7a2e4f13704fd21aa215101ac2868f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=85283728]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":85283728,"title":"The Chinese in Cuba, 1847-Now - by Garcia Triana, Mauro and Eng Herrera, Pedro","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","grobid_abstract":"This book is a good resource for scholars researching the history of the Chinese in Cuba. Mauro García Triana, a historian and former Cuban ambassador, and Pedro Eng Herrera, a Cuban artist and writer of Chinese descent, have assembled a wide-ranging compendium of information about the history of the Chinese in Cuba. Covering everything from culture to labour to business, this book contains encyclopedic information on what seems like every detail the authors could gather about the Chinese in Cuba. Those looking for analysis of the materials presented may be disappointed, but it is to be hoped that this work of historical recovery will help others to flesh out the stories of the Chinese in Cuba. The book is divided into three main chapters on the role of the Chinese in Cuba's wars of independence, in labour and business, and in culture. The book also includes three lengthy appendices, including a selection from the 1877 Cuba Commission report on coolies, an 1892 essay by Gonzalo de Quesada lauding the role of Chinese in Cuban independence, and a chapter from Duvon Clough Corbitt's 1971 dissertation on coolie labour in Cuba. The Cuba Commission report is widely available in English, having been reprinted by Johns Hopkins University Press in 1993, but the dissertation and Gonzalo de Quesada's essay deserve wider distribution than they have had. The authors tend to focus uncritically on the laudatory aspects of the Chinese community in Cuba, emphasising both the participation of Chinese in the independence wars and in the formation of the Cuban Communist party. They dedicate a whole section, and one of the most fascinating in the book, to 'Cuba's first Chinese Marxists'. Among other titbits, we learn that, in the mid-1920s, the Cuban Chinese Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist party) financially supported the Cuban Anti-Imperialist League founded by Julio Antonio Mella, who was also the founder of Cuba's Communist party (PCC) (pp. 26-27). The authors are so keen on presenting a heroic image of Chinese Cubans that even when they mention one Chinese man who opposed Castro's revolution, they explain that although he 'took the wrong side, he was a worthy adversary' (p. 45). The chapter on business surveys Chinese who worked as 'coolie' labour, as well as merchants and professionals. The exhaustive list of occupations of the Chinese in the 1899 census reprinted in the book illustrates the wide variety of work that Chinese did, but I wish the authors had attempted to analyse the data and suggested how the class composition of the Chinese changed over time (p. 57). One fascinating section on Chinese doctors and pharmacies describes the popularity of Chinese medicine. Although more work needs to be done to understand the relationship between the western medical doctors and Chinese doctors, there is some evidence that the latter were seen as a threat. The chapter on culture provides brief descriptions of various Chinese theatres, cinemas, social clubs and political parties. In addition to giving detailed information on the individuals who founded and led these institutions, the chapter discusses artists of Chinese descent such as the well-known painter Wilfredo Lam, and writings by and about Chinese in Cuba. A ten-page section that cites lengthy sections from José Martí's writings on Chinese in the United States and Cuba suffers from a lack of analysis and an uncritical eye.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bulletin of Latin American Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":90029040},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85283728/The_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_Triana_Mauro_and_Eng_Herrera_Pedro","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-08-21T08:43:19.964-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1854459,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90029040,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029040/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.1470-9856.2010.00469.x20220821-1-wv5qor.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029040/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_T.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90029040/j.1470-9856.2010.00469.x20220821-1-wv5qor-libre.pdf?1661097092=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181796\u0026Signature=Vx34TgNhGxkHoR2BJeIstLPk2k5otxo5tR3fX8XAI7TGX8hUnD0HuWhpouKJLaFDEcLC1pHrl7mI7GpO1Uz6Wx3D-rggqdyMJpFxqoXbo0Jkuna4T755cK1ei-j-bHkt38wgnL~0jEjd109EcMYjC9o1rR-a4wpQdXLvQK8SxD2OLDRptLyj8vlBFT3dhWE6HFQiaa8zudW7MVahXWkW-kpZxTIpcknFdYGY4UswU2UKJBhQUdcpQ92mazpl7GXt2lla4aeb8yBaPl-48p-jfWQpOlt0NWD0Yl-f2OYoDfmaZ605pqMaAFFtpq43n15SqbK~JKxJWfJe3QRQhCRJoA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_Triana_Mauro_and_Eng_Herrera_Pedro","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1854459,"first_name":"Elliott","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Young","page_name":"ElliottYoung","domain_name":"lclark","created_at":"2012-05-30T16:07:07.758-07:00","display_name":"Elliott Young","url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/ElliottYoung"},"attachments":[{"id":90029040,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029040/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.1470-9856.2010.00469.x20220821-1-wv5qor.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029040/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_T.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90029040/j.1470-9856.2010.00469.x20220821-1-wv5qor-libre.pdf?1661097092=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Chinese_in_Cuba_1847_Now_by_Garcia_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181796\u0026Signature=Vx34TgNhGxkHoR2BJeIstLPk2k5otxo5tR3fX8XAI7TGX8hUnD0HuWhpouKJLaFDEcLC1pHrl7mI7GpO1Uz6Wx3D-rggqdyMJpFxqoXbo0Jkuna4T755cK1ei-j-bHkt38wgnL~0jEjd109EcMYjC9o1rR-a4wpQdXLvQK8SxD2OLDRptLyj8vlBFT3dhWE6HFQiaa8zudW7MVahXWkW-kpZxTIpcknFdYGY4UswU2UKJBhQUdcpQ92mazpl7GXt2lla4aeb8yBaPl-48p-jfWQpOlt0NWD0Yl-f2OYoDfmaZ605pqMaAFFtpq43n15SqbK~JKxJWfJe3QRQhCRJoA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"},{"id":52408,"name":"Literary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85283727"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85283727/Catarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas_Mexico_Border_by_Elliott_Young"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Catarino Garza?s Revolution on the Texas-Mexico Border - by Elliott Young" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029039/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85283727/Catarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas_Mexico_Border_by_Elliott_Young">Catarino Garza?s Revolution on the Texas-Mexico Border - by Elliott Young</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bulletin of Latin American Research</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d007d086b357c82c3ab61ec51dacfda" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90029039,"asset_id":85283727,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029039/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85283727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85283727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85283727; 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' One thing is certain … Fidel Castro is there to win … he does not have a moment ' s peace until he manages to invert the terms and turn it into victory '. Chapter 1 ' The Heroic Myth ' (p. 1). ' The man who serves a revolution ploughs a sea … ' Chapter 10 ' Don Quixote and History ' (pp. 378-379). Volker Skierka opens and closes his biography of Fidel Castro with the words of Gabriel (Gabo) García Marquez. The opening quote, taken from Gabo ' s 1998 A Personal Portrait of Fidel , is prelude to declaring Castro one of the greatest idealists of our time, perhaps his greatest virtue, though also his greatest danger. It is a statement to which Skierka clearly adheres (referring also to Castro himself having said his favourite literary hero is Don Quixote, jousting at windmills until the bitter end). The closing quote is from Gabo ' s 1991 novel, The General in his Labyrinth , on the Liberator Bolívar. The parallels are there to be drawn. Framing his biography thus, Skierka provides the key to understanding how the youthful Castro led the 1959 Cuban Revolution to power and how the aging Castro, now nearing 80, has held onto power to this day. Castro ' s idealism led Cuba down exhilarating and perilous paths, garnering the support of peoples and incurring the wrath of its powerful nation to the north, punctuated by pragmatic twists and turns. How could Castro, in 1989, abandon power at the precise moment the Cuban Revolution augured to be most at peril? As Cubans say, a captain does not jump a sinking ship, and Castro would not want to go down in history as having led a failed revolution. He set out to buck the domino theory of the end of socialism, guiding Cuba through the crisis of the post-Soviet globalised world, as if in a war zone (this was one reason why the Castro leadership studied Churchill ' s World War II steering of Britain). It is by no means gratuitous that Skierka should draw on Gabo, who has spent much time in Cuba and with Castro. Skierka, a German journalist who has had assignments in Latin America, including Cuba, requested but was never given an interview with his subject-his only encounter being at the German Embassy in Cuba in 2002, a year after its German publication. Skierka succeeds in steering a middle ground on Castro and his legacy. Like previous accounts, his is political rather than personal, as there is little beyond rumour and hearsay about Castro ' s private life after coming to power. Readers familiar with other Castro biographies will fi nd well-trodden ground in Skierka ' s account, especially in the early chapters, which draw almost exclusively on those biographies-some by British authors, giving the lie to the claim that this is the fi rst to give a European perspective (unless the UK is not to be considered part of Europe).","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bulletin of Latin American Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":90029039},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85283727/Catarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas_Mexico_Border_by_Elliott_Young","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-08-21T08:43:18.423-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1854459,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90029039,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029039/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.1470-9856.2007.0017_7.x20220821-1-vncjw0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029039/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Catarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90029039/j.1470-9856.2007.0017_7.x20220821-1-vncjw0-libre.pdf?1661097097=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCatarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181796\u0026Signature=UGcSp4FigkkmCEIlbmqBdZ5sv5e4--NmUgTFPVlzGXL8RTWDmFZAo3rJQgJxtXycV054yiFOsAy9Vj8KUO~rDM0mzC6LX6w1AbA9YhKV4htSrUsMPJ3WcZvMLXKgJNQ6XuvEJgE2GZ2rbJaF-IwnVBMH9CcTrC8QH6OFvmeyYVOiCMJKEVZ0kmCzMrjeMvgz73-9~xNpEvYWVU8dPPou0MXBvE~m-e4D1uXnFr6UxX2uwafYJPVi8boSG2nTmMef0tE4cAisZsnW4QO-gi0ptEg6IL0v0dUxkval08zl8sBAXXPLxnhcz4LQCNlEOl3kfJH8x7DMW0blnqx6vdB3Sg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Catarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas_Mexico_Border_by_Elliott_Young","translated_slug":"","page_count":34,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1854459,"first_name":"Elliott","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Young","page_name":"ElliottYoung","domain_name":"lclark","created_at":"2012-05-30T16:07:07.758-07:00","display_name":"Elliott Young","url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/ElliottYoung"},"attachments":[{"id":90029039,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90029039/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.1470-9856.2007.0017_7.x20220821-1-vncjw0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90029039/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Catarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/90029039/j.1470-9856.2007.0017_7.x20220821-1-vncjw0-libre.pdf?1661097097=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCatarino_Garza_s_Revolution_on_the_Texas.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181796\u0026Signature=UGcSp4FigkkmCEIlbmqBdZ5sv5e4--NmUgTFPVlzGXL8RTWDmFZAo3rJQgJxtXycV054yiFOsAy9Vj8KUO~rDM0mzC6LX6w1AbA9YhKV4htSrUsMPJ3WcZvMLXKgJNQ6XuvEJgE2GZ2rbJaF-IwnVBMH9CcTrC8QH6OFvmeyYVOiCMJKEVZ0kmCzMrjeMvgz73-9~xNpEvYWVU8dPPou0MXBvE~m-e4D1uXnFr6UxX2uwafYJPVi8boSG2nTmMef0tE4cAisZsnW4QO-gi0ptEg6IL0v0dUxkval08zl8sBAXXPLxnhcz4LQCNlEOl3kfJH8x7DMW0blnqx6vdB3Sg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"},{"id":52408,"name":"Literary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_studies"},{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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The seminar's base is Tepoztlán, Morelos, a spectacular mountain retreat about an hour by bus from Mexico City. In 1995, the small town made international headlines as a battleground in globalization's trench wars. While privatization and rural dispossession dominated Mexican accounts of NAFTA's predation, the fight in Tepoztlán raised a more complex critique of the new hemispheric geography. Long a weekend destination for intellectuals, artists, and middle-class families from the capital, the town maintained a sizeable population of independent proprietors. Local entrepreneurs serviced a \"Jipiteco\" tourist clientele with steam baths, aromatherapy, and bootleg Nirvana, and the dispersed ownership of taxis and hotels made for an economically stable core community. But the roving eye of international capital had already fallen on Tepoztlán's charms. The multinational conglomerate K.S. planned a megadevelopment for the historic town: an eighteen-hole golf course ringed by eight hundred luxury homes. It was clear to locals that the aquifer could support a town or a resort, but not both. Resource wars, of course, are a classic and easily grasped consequence of imperialism. The residents of this Mexican town, however, additionally lodged a more historically specific grievance, one that addresses North America's new vision for Mexico: simultaneously the nursery of migrant service labor and the retirement playground of the gringo professional-managerial class. A popular cartoon savagely captured the fall from independent proprietor to attendant caregiver. Emblazoned on T-shirts and meeting posters, it pictured Mexican revolutionary hero Emiliano Zapata dressed as a caddy, with a bandolier over one shoulder and a bag of golf clubs over the other. Tepoztlán residents mobilized, with a handful of men in the highprofile speaking roles and a movement workforce overwhelmingly composed of women. They seized City Hall and set up barricades against","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Social Text","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":83043015},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75162930/The_Tepoztlan_Institute_for_the_Transnational_History_of_the_Americas","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-01T08:47:35.893-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1854459,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83043015,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83043015/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Voekel-YoungST.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83043015/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Tepoztlan_Institute_for_the_Transnat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83043015/Voekel-YoungST-libre.pdf?1648828984=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Tepoztlan_Institute_for_the_Transnat.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181796\u0026Signature=BXdQunH3LxnzIakYASuLjsqXLPo7g2g4rbthtqBOEtNLWwCRA1O9adE5CLM3QP8cq8xu8T~PT9fO5PwdbwLOoPHKXESIO11vQi9WLncYG~Q3zhK-PlA32BpZDPIhL3Ec7tEoTaz4FZ7Vx2jlTQj4u7lj-PQZ3n51BQmRB50bR5HI8s8w3pgN~iLpHKWzmute~UBYD3D2Z2gP5hxQUt2CpMG55R7u9Pn6JFzt8ZvSl0zeTapMlB~VFf2hZMloVB626WkfInMmorxrVh3ap3AJZZ624xnXmQar40fH83po10vNAjOZOHG~R1P8xDM-5WwPGUDYpYMnHqR7WxQkML2GMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Tepoztlan_Institute_for_the_Transnational_History_of_the_Americas","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1854459,"first_name":"Elliott","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Young","page_name":"ElliottYoung","domain_name":"lclark","created_at":"2012-05-30T16:07:07.758-07:00","display_name":"Elliott Young","url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/ElliottYoung"},"attachments":[{"id":83043015,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83043015/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Voekel-YoungST.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83043015/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Tepoztlan_Institute_for_the_Transnat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83043015/Voekel-YoungST-libre.pdf?1648828984=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Tepoztlan_Institute_for_the_Transnat.pdf\u0026Expires=1733181796\u0026Signature=BXdQunH3LxnzIakYASuLjsqXLPo7g2g4rbthtqBOEtNLWwCRA1O9adE5CLM3QP8cq8xu8T~PT9fO5PwdbwLOoPHKXESIO11vQi9WLncYG~Q3zhK-PlA32BpZDPIhL3Ec7tEoTaz4FZ7Vx2jlTQj4u7lj-PQZ3n51BQmRB50bR5HI8s8w3pgN~iLpHKWzmute~UBYD3D2Z2gP5hxQUt2CpMG55R7u9Pn6JFzt8ZvSl0zeTapMlB~VFf2hZMloVB626WkfInMmorxrVh3ap3AJZZ624xnXmQar40fH83po10vNAjOZOHG~R1P8xDM-5WwPGUDYpYMnHqR7WxQkML2GMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":1332153,"name":"Social Text","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Text"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67253380"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67253380/Japanese_Peruvian_Enemy_Aliens_during_World_War_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Japanese Peruvian Enemy Aliens during World War II" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67253380/Japanese_Peruvian_Enemy_Aliens_during_World_War_II">Japanese Peruvian Enemy Aliens during World War II</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Seiichi Higashide was not an agent of the Japanese emperor or a pro-Axis immigrant, and yet he an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Seiichi Higashide was not an agent of the Japanese emperor or a pro-Axis immigrant, and yet he and more than 1,800 other Japanese Peruvians got caught up in a wave of anti-Japanese hysteria during World War II that led to their kidnapping, forced migration, and incarceration in hastily erected camps in Texas and New Mexico. Higashide and his family were detained as “illegal aliens” in an Immigration and Naturalization Service detention facility in Texas alongside thousands of other foreigners in other camps spread across the Southwest. After the war, Higashide and his family worked at Seabrook Farms, a food processing complex in New Jersey, which was essentially a prison work camp. In the 1950s, the Higashides became US citizens, but the trauma of detention and racism remains with the family. The Higashides’ story reveals the intersection between US empire, national security, and immigrant detention.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67253380"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67253380"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67253380; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67253380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67253380]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67253380; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67253380']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67253380, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67253380]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67253380,"title":"Japanese Peruvian Enemy Aliens during World War II","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Seiichi Higashide was not an agent of the Japanese emperor or a pro-Axis immigrant, and yet he and more than 1,800 other Japanese Peruvians got caught up in a wave of anti-Japanese hysteria during World War II that led to their kidnapping, forced migration, and incarceration in hastily erected camps in Texas and New Mexico. Higashide and his family were detained as “illegal aliens” in an Immigration and Naturalization Service detention facility in Texas alongside thousands of other foreigners in other camps spread across the Southwest. After the war, Higashide and his family worked at Seabrook Farms, a food processing complex in New Jersey, which was essentially a prison work camp. In the 1950s, the Higashides became US citizens, but the trauma of detention and racism remains with the family. 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In the 1950s, the Higashides became US citizens, but the trauma of detention and racism remains with the family. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67253377"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67253377/The_Lynching_of_Mexicans_in_the_Texas_Borderlands_by_Nicholas_Villanueva"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67253377/The_Lynching_of_Mexicans_in_the_Texas_Borderlands_by_Nicholas_Villanueva">The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Southern History</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">number of New Deal agencies, and then, after a wartime stint on a merchant marine ship, he moved ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">number of New Deal agencies, and then, after a wartime stint on a merchant marine ship, he moved to a career in college teaching. Beecher moved frequently, married four times, and often rebelled against the strictures of government jobs. His most famous rebellion was a refusal to sign the Levering Act loyalty oath as a faculty member at San Francisco State College. Smith writes that Beecher’s subsequent legal battles were only resolved near the end of his life, when he was rehired to teach at the age of seventy-three. Smith relates Beecher’s childhood reaction to hearing his grandmother read Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) aloud: “‘My heart was greatly stirred and troubled by the picture of injustice which was unfolded in this book . . . . I resolved that when I grew up, I too would become a liberator of the Negroes like my ancestors’” (p. 5). During the civil rights movement in the 1960s, Beecher served as a southern reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle while also writing more radical pieces for the left-leaning publication Ramparts. While Smith does not attempt a literary critique of Beecher’s poetry, she does include excerpts from some of Beecher’s most well known poems in pertinent chapters, thus highlighting his view of himself as a poet first. Smith’s research benefited from a personal relationship with Beecher’s widow, Barbara Beecher, and access to her wealth of documents about her husband’s life and works. Smith notes that, along with the archive of Beecher’s papers at the University of Texas at Austin, one of hismost useful contributions for historians is the wealth of material he preserved during his long life relating to many of the important events of the twentieth century. Here I Stand is readable and well organized. Although John Beecher is a somewhat minor figure in twentieth-century American history, his life touched on a number of important events, so this book will be a useful tool for students of both southern and American history. 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Thousands of immigrants were imprisoned there for violations of immigration laws, and also for drug and alcohol charges. It was at McNeil Island that in the late 1880s scores of Chinese were sentenced to six months hard labor for merely being present in the country without authorization, an offense that was not (and still is not) a criminal offense. This article reveals that the overlap between immigration and criminal law, known as crimmigration, began at the dawn of immigration enforcement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59520695"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59520695"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59520695; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59520695]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59520695]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59520695; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='59520695']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59520695, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=59520695]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":59520695,"title":"Caging Immigrants at McNeil Island Federal Prison, 1880–1940","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"McNeil Island prison was the first federal penitentiary in the U.S. West from its founding in 1875 through the 1930s. 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There are currently over 700,000 students in the United States who have been approved for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), Obama’s program that protects them from deportation and provides work permits. All of these students are facing possible deportation the day Donald Trump takes up residence in the White House.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c86f7de42f654b1bd502e4f1a8a6b269" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50311151,"asset_id":29837362,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50311151/download_file?st=MTczMzE3ODE5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="29837362"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29837362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29837362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29837362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29837362]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29837362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='29837362']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29837362, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c86f7de42f654b1bd502e4f1a8a6b269" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=29837362]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":29837362,"title":"Colleges and Universities should be Sanctuaries for the Undocumented.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Immigrants are among the groups most vulnerable to a Trump presidency, but colleges and universities can protect their students, faculty and staff from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) by declaring themselves sanctuaries for undocumented people. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9292895"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9292895/The_U_S_should_make_legal_immigration_easier"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The U.S. should make legal immigration easier" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9292895/The_U_S_should_make_legal_immigration_easier">The U.S. should make legal immigration easier</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What is up with the Oregon electorate that legalizes pot but votes overwhelmingly to deny undocum...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is up with the Oregon electorate that legalizes pot but votes overwhelmingly to deny undocumented immigrants licenses? Once the marijuana haze settles, I hope Oregonians come to their senses and realize that making it legal for undocumented immigrants to drive is at least as important as their right to get stoned.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9292895"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9292895"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9292895; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9292895]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9292895]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9292895; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9292895']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9292895, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9292895]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9292895,"title":"The U.S. should make legal immigration easier","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"What is up with the Oregon electorate that legalizes pot but votes overwhelmingly to deny undocumented immigrants licenses? 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