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\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uzrok_i_promjenjivost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzrok_i_promjenjivost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uzrok i promjenjivost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzrok_i_promjenjivost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijesne_činjenice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijesne_činjenice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povijesne činjenice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Povijesne_činjenice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Povijesne činjenice</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Povijesne_činjenice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prapovijesni_dokazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prapovijesni_dokazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prapovijesni dokazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prapovijesni_dokazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rana_promatranja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rana_promatranja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rana promatranja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rana_promatranja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17._i_18._stoljeće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17._i_18._stoljeće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>17. i 18. stoljeće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17._i_18._stoljeće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19._stoljeće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19._stoljeće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>19. stoljeće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19._stoljeće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wolfov_relativni_broj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wolfov_relativni_broj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Wolfov relativni broj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wolfov_relativni_broj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21._stoljeće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21._stoljeće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>21. stoljeće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21._stoljeće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promatranje_Sunčevih_pjega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promatranje_Sunčevih_pjega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Promatranje Sunčevih pjega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promatranje_Sunčevih_pjega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primjena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Primjena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primjena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunčeve pjege</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 70 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonvlek" title="Sonvlek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sonvlek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taca_solar" title="Taca solar – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Taca solar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كلفة شمسية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلفة شمسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancha_solar" title="Mancha solar – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mancha solar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4_%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گونش لکه لری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گونش لکه لری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Сонечныя плямы – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сонечныя плямы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Слънчево петно – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слънчево петно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege" title="Sunčeve pjege – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sunčeve pjege" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taca_solar" title="Taca solar – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taca solar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پەڵەی خۆری – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەڵەی خۆری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slune%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_skvrna" title="Sluneční skvrna – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sluneční skvrna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brycheuyn_haul" title="Brycheuyn haul – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brycheuyn haul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solplet" title="Solplet – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Solplet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenfleck" title="Sonnenfleck – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonnenfleck" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Ηλιακή κηλίδα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλιακή κηλίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot" title="Sunspot – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sunspot" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunmakulo" title="Sunmakulo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sunmakulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancha_solar" title="Mancha solar – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mancha solar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4ikeseplekk" title="Päikeseplekk – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Päikeseplekk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eguzki-orban" title="Eguzki-orban – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eguzki-orban" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="لکه خورشیدی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لکه خورشیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auringonpilkku" title="Auringonpilkku – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Auringonpilkku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tache_solaire" title="Tache solaire – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tache solaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grianspota%C3%AD" title="Grianspotaí – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grianspotaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancha_solar" title="Mancha solar – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mancha solar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9" title="כתם שמש – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתם שמש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="सौर कलंक – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सौर कलंक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tach_sol%C3%A8" title="Tach solè – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tach solè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napfolt" title="Napfolt – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Napfolt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AE%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արևաբծեր – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևաբծեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintik_matahari" title="Bintik matahari – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bintik matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macchia_solare" title="Macchia solare – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macchia solare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%92%E7%82%B9" title="太陽黒点 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太陽黒点" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/solri_barna" title="solri barna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="solri barna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಸೌರಕಲೆ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೌರಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%A0%90" title="흑점 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macula_solaris" title="Macula solaris – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Macula solaris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnefleck" title="Sonnefleck – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sonnefleck" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonnevlek" title="Zonnevlek – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zonnevlek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul%C4%97s_d%C4%97m%C4%97" title="Saulės dėmė – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saulės dėmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saules_plankumi" title="Saules plankumi – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saules plankumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сончева дамка – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сончева дамка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സൗരകളങ്കങ്ങൾ – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൗരകളങ്കങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Нарны толбо – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нарны толбо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tompok_matahari" title="Tompok matahari – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tompok matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonnevlek" title="Zonnevlek – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zonnevlek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solflekk" title="Solflekk – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Solflekk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solflekk" title="Solflekk – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Solflekk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taca_solara" title="Taca solara – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taca solara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plama_s%C5%82oneczna" title="Plama słoneczna – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Plama słoneczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancha_solar" title="Mancha solar – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mancha solar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Pată solară – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pată solară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Солнечные пятна – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солнечные пятна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege" title="Sunčeve pjege – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sunčeve pjege" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot" title="Sunspot – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sunspot" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slne%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_%C5%A1kvrna" title="Slnečná škvrna – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slnečná škvrna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C4%8Deva_pega" title="Sončeva pega – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sončeva pega" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Сунчеве пеге – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сунчеве пеге" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfl%C3%A4ckar" title="Solfläckar – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Solfläckar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madoa_ya_Jua" title="Madoa ya Jua – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madoa ya Jua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="சூரியப்புள்ளி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூரியப்புள்ளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Доғи Офтоб – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Доғи Офтоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="จุดมืดดวงอาทิตย์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จุดมืดดวงอาทิตย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_lekeleri" title="Güneş lekeleri – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güneş lekeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сонячні плями – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сонячні плями" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91en_M%E1%BA%B7t_Tr%E1%BB%9Di" title="Vết đen Mặt Trời – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vết đen Mặt Trời" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" title="太阳黑子 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="太阳黑子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ბჟაშ შანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟაშ შანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" title="太阳黑子 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太阳黑子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" title="太陽黑子 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太陽黑子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6582994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg/250px-172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg/375px-172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg/500px-172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg-withouttext.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Velike Sunčeve pjege između granula i nekoliko pora</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sunčeve pjege</b> su tamnija i hladnija područja od ostale površine <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fotosfera" title="Fotosfera">fotosfere</a>), koje nastaju, razvijaju se i nestaju pod utjecajem snažnih <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetskih polja</a>. </p><p>Kada se Sunčeva blještavo bijela fotosfera gleda kroz neutralni filter dovoljno gust da joj razinu svjetlosti priguši na onu sigurnu za ljudsko oko, pri čemu se vidi kao blago siva površina, pjege izgledaju kao tamnosive mrlje jer im je sjaj puno slabiji od ostatka fotosfere. Tipična Sunčeva pjega, izdvojena od ostatka fotosfere i promatrana nezaštićenim okom na istoj udaljenosti, sjajila bi jače od punog Mjeseca i to grimizno-narančastom nijansom zbog svoje temperature od oko 3000-4000 K (oko 2700 °C do oko 3700 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pjege se sastoje od <i>umbre</i> (tamnije sredine) i <i>penumbre</i> (manje tamnog, radijalno vlaknastog ruba). U prosjeku traju kraće od deset dana. </p><p>Sunčeve pjege pojavljuju se između 7º i 45º sjeverne i južne heliografske <a href="/wiki/Zemljopisna_%C5%A1irina" title="Zemljopisna širina">širine</a>. Obično se pojavljuju u <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_ciklus" title="Sunčev ciklus">ciklusima</a> koji najčešće traju između 9,5 i 11 godina, u skupinama u kojima se ističu dvije pjege, takozvana vodilja i pratilja, suprotne magnetske <a href="/wiki/Polarnost" title="Polarnost">polarnosti</a>. Iako su Sunčeve pjege tamnija područja površine Sunca, za vrijeme povećanoga broja Sunčevih pjega, Sunčevo je zračenje veće jer pjege prate <a href="/wiki/Fakula" title="Fakula">fakule</a> koje su sjajnije i toplije. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzrok_i_promjenjivost">Uzrok i promjenjivost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Uzrok i promjenjivost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uzrok i promjenjivost"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg/240px-Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg" decoding="async" width="240" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg/360px-Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg/480px-Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption>Sunčeva pjega u ultraljubičastom zračenju, lažno obojana (TRACE)</figcaption></figure><p>Uzrok pjega je u snažnim magnetskim aktivnostima koje sputavaju <a href="/wiki/Konvekcija" title="Konvekcija">konvekciju</a> plazme iz dubina ispod fotosfere te posljedično konvekcijski prijenos topline. Zbog toga je temperatura u Sunčevim pjegama 3 000 – 4 000 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, a u okolnim područjima oko 5 778 K. </p><p>Sunčeve pjege su vidljivi presjek fotosfere i cijevi <a href="/wiki/Magnetski_tok" title="Magnetski tok">magnetskog toka</a> koji nastaje u <a href="/wiki/Konvekcija" title="Konvekcija">konvektivnoj</a> zoni Sunca. Zbog toga što je Sunce fluidno tijelo, cijela površina ne rotira jednakim periodom. Zbog toga se magnetski tokovi uvijaju. Kada jačina magnetskog toka dođe do određene granice, počne se uvijati i buši Sunčevu površinu. Pjege su također i uleknuti dijelovi fotosfere što je vidljivo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilsonov_u%C4%8Dinak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilsonov učinak (stranica ne postoji)">Wilsonovim učinkom</a>. </p><p>Pjegama se s vremenom mijenjaju površina i oblik. Mogu imati promjere do 80 000 km, tako da se sa Zemlje ponekad mogu vidjeti i bez <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskopa</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, , a tijekom izlaska i zalaska Sunca i bez Mogu se kretati brzinom od nekoliko 100 m/s. </p><p>Magnetski pritisak teži smanjenju koncentracije polja, tako da se Sunčeve pjege teže rasprše, što traje danima ili tjednima. Najnovija 3D istraživanja sa svemirske letjelice <a href="/wiki/SOHO" title="SOHO">SOHO</a> pokazala su da nalikuju <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadu</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Tropske_oluje" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropske oluje">tropskoj oluji</a>. </p><p>Relativno malena i tamna područja u fotosferi, koja nemaju penumbru, zovu se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunčeve pore (stranica ne postoji)">Sunčeve pore</a>. </p><p>Zbog jake magnetske aktivnosti, Sunčeve pjege povezane su i s <a href="/wiki/Koronalni_luk" title="Koronalni luk">koronalnim lukovima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_baklja" title="Sunčeva baklja">Sunčevim bakljama</a> i <a href="/wiki/Koronalni_izba%C4%8Daji_masa" title="Koronalni izbačaji masa">koronalnim izbačajem masa</a>, koji nastaju iz okolnih aktivnih područja. Slična pojava je primijećena i na nekim zvijezdama (<i>zvjezdane pjege</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broj Sunčevih pjega brzo raste i zatim sporo opada, u nepravilnom <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_ciklus" title="Sunčev ciklus">ciklusu od otprilike 11 godina</a>. Neki periodi od 11 godina imaju više, a neki manji broj Sunčevih pjega. Tako je primjećeno da od 1900. do 1960-ih godina, broj Sunčevih pjega raste, dok od <a href="/wiki/1960-ih" title="1960-ih">1960-ih</a> godina do danas, je u opadanju. Prosječan broj Sunčevih pjega je sličan unazad 8 000 godina.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broj Sunčevih pjega je u uzajamnoj vezi sa <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčevim zračenjem</a>, a mjerenja s <a href="/wiki/Umjetni_satelit" title="Umjetni satelit">umjetnih satelita</a> traju od 1979. godine. Budući da su Sunčeve pjege tamnija područja s manjom temperaturom, onda se očekuje da će za vrijeme povećanog broja Sunčevih pjega i Sunčevo zračenje biti manje, a time i <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_konstanta" title="Sunčeva konstanta">Sunčeva konstanta</a>. Ipak, mjerenja su pokazala da to nije točno, jer okolna područja Sunčevih pjega svijetle sjajnije, pa su i toplija; i konačno za vrijeme povećanog broja Sunčevih pjega veće je i Sunčevo zračenje. Promjena Sunčevog zračenja za vrijeme 11 godišnjeg ciklusa je mala, samo 0,1 % (srednja vrijednost Sunčeve konstante je 1366 W/m<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Za vrijeme Maunderovog minimuma, od 1645. do 1715., broj Sunčevih pjega je bio vrlo malen i podudarao se s vrlo hladnim periodom vremena, pa se to doba i zove <a href="/wiki/Malo_ledeno_doba" title="Malo ledeno doba">Malo ledeno doba</a>. </p><p>Ciklus aktivnosti Sunčevih pjega traje u prosjeku 11 godina. Točka najvećih aktivnosti Sunčevih pjega naziva se <b>Sunčev maksimum</b>, dok točka najmanjih Sunčevih aktivnosti Sunčevih pjega naziva se <b>Sunčev minimum</b>. U početku <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_ciklus" title="Sunčev ciklus">Sunčevog ciklusa</a>, Sunčeve se pjege pojavljuju na 30º do 45º sjevernih i južnih <a href="/wiki/Zemljopisna_%C5%A1irina" title="Zemljopisna širina">zemljopisnih širina</a> Sunca, zatim se spuštaju prema <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvatoru</a>, do prosječno 15º kod Sunčevog maksimuma, a nakon toga se spušta do 7º zemljopisnih širina - pojava se zove <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%B6rerov_zakon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spörerov zakon (stranica ne postoji)">Spörerov zakon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijesne_činjenice"><span id="Povijesne_.C4.8Dinjenice"></span>Povijesne činjenice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijesne činjenice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijesne činjenice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sunspot_Numbers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunspot_Numbers.png/350px-Sunspot_Numbers.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunspot_Numbers.png/525px-Sunspot_Numbers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunspot_Numbers.png/700px-Sunspot_Numbers.png 2x" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Sunčeve pjege u zadnjih 400 godina</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sunspots_11000_years.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sunspots_11000_years.svg/350px-Sunspots_11000_years.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sunspots_11000_years.svg/525px-Sunspots_11000_years.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sunspots_11000_years.svg/700px-Sunspots_11000_years.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Sunčeve pjege u zadnjih 11 000 godina</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Predictions3_strip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Predictions3_strip.jpg/350px-Predictions3_strip.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Predictions3_strip.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Broj Sunčevih pjega u zadnjih 70 godina i procjena za sljedeće razdoblje. 2011. se očekuje maksimum, ali u stvarnosti je još uvijek minimum.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prapovijesni_dokazi">Prapovijesni dokazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Prapovijesni dokazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prapovijesni dokazi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proučavanjem <a href="/wiki/Stratigrafija" title="Stratigrafija">statigrafskih</a> podataka (statigrafija je grana geologije koja proučava slojeve stijena), došlo se do zaključka da su Sunčevi ciklusi aktivni već stotinama milijuna godina, ako ne i duže. Proučavanjem godišnjih sedimentnih stijena iz doba <a href="/wiki/Prekambrij" title="Prekambrij">prekambrija</a> (prije 4 500 00 000 godina), vidjelo se da i u to doba su postojali Sunčevi ciklusi od otprilike 11 godina, s pojačanim Sunčevim zračenjem.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proučavanjem godova na deblu <a href="/wiki/Drvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvo">drveća</a>, došlo se do slike o prošlim Sunčevim ciklusima, <a href="/wiki/Datiranje_ugljikom-14" title="Datiranje ugljikom-14">na osnovu izotopa ugljika C-14</a> i to zadnjih 11 400 godina, jer nije bilo direktnih promatranja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rana_promatranja">Rana promatranja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Rana promatranja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rana promatranja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prvi zapis o promatranju Sunčevih pjega potječe iz <a href="/wiki/364._pr._Kr." title="364. pr. Kr.">364. pr. Kr.</a>, na osnovu komentara <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">kineskog</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronoma</a> Gan De, u <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdani_katalog" title="Zvjezdani katalog">katalogu zvijezda</a>. Oko 28. pr. Kr., kineski astronomi su redovito pratili Sunčeve pjege.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prvi zapisi u <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europi</a> potječu iz <a href="/wiki/807." title="807.">807.</a>, od <a href="/wiki/Sve%C4%87enik" title="Svećenik">svećenika</a> Adelmusa, koji je primijetio Sunčeve pjege vidljive 8 dana.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Velike Sunčeve pjege primijetio je i <a href="/wiki/Karlo_Veliki" title="Karlo Veliki">Karlo Veliki</a> 813. <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> je prvi ispravno objasnio tu pojavu 1612. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17._i_18._stoljeće"><span id="17._i_18._stolje.C4.87e"></span>17. i 18. stoljeće</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: 17. i 18. stoljeće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 17. i 18. stoljeće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sunspot-2004.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sunspot-2004.jpeg/300px-Sunspot-2004.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sunspot-2004.jpeg/450px-Sunspot-2004.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Sunspot-2004.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Velika skupina Sunčevih pjega snimljena 2004.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sunčeve pjege je prvi promatrao teleskopom engleski astronom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Harriot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Harriot (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Harriot</a> 1610. Zbog Sunčevih pjega je došlo do žestokih znanstvenih rasprava u to vrijeme, jer se to suprotstavljalo mišljenju <a href="/wiki/Aristotel" title="Aristotel">Aristotela</a> o savršenim, nepromjenjivim nebeskim kuglama. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković">Bošković</a> je u svom djelu <i>O Sunčevim pjegama</i> (1736.) objavio originalnu metodu određivanja brzine <a href="/wiki/Vrtnja" title="Vrtnja">vrtnje</a> Sunca na temelju bilježenja tri položaja jedne pjege.<br /> U petom svesku <i>Djela koja se odnose na optiku i astronomiju</i> (1785.) opisao je i kako se s pomoću određivanja tri položaja jedne pjege mogu odrediti kut <a href="/wiki/Inklinacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Inklinacija">inklinacije</a> između ravnine <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptike</a> i ekvatorske ravnine Sunca i ekliptička longituda uzlaznoga čvora Sunčeva ekvatora. Dao je i primjere tih izračuna na temelju stvarnih podataka koje je je izmjerio 1777. Njegov je izračun brzine vrtnje Sunca (siderički period vrtnje Sunca 26,77 dana) vjerodostojan i danas. U znanstvenopopularnom djelu pisanom u stihovima <i>Pomrčine Sunca i Mjeseca</i> (1760.) opisujući Sunčeve (Titanove) pjege napisao je: </p> <ul><li><i>Sjajno mu nagrđuju čelo. Jer bilo da nastanu nove</i></li> <li><i>Njemu nasred lica ili pjege, njih više, u jednu da se spoje</i>.</li> <li><i>Ili se kidaju, deru pa više ih bude iz jedne</i></li> <li><i>One u isto vrijeme na isti odlaze dio</i></li> <li><i>Neba, vidimo ih uvijek u krugu koncentrično kružeć</i></li> <li><i>Te se oko Titana po srijedi jednodušno vrte.</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19._stoljeće"><span id="19._stolje.C4.87e"></span>19. stoljeće</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: 19. stoljeće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 19. stoljeće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Promjenjivost broja Sunčevih pjega prvi je primijetio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Heinrich_Schwabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (stranica ne postoji)">Samuel Heinrich Schwabe</a> između 1826. i 1843. Godine 1859. primijećeno da se u razdoblju povećane Sunčeve aktivnosti javljaju i Sunčeve baklje, jer su te godine doživljeli i <a href="/wiki/Geomagnetska_oluja" title="Geomagnetska oluja">geomagnetsku oluju</a>, ometanje telegrafskih linija i pojavu polarne svjetlosti sve do Havaja, Kube i Italije. <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Wolf" title="Rudolf Wolf">Rudolf Wolf</a> je za kvantitativno određivanje Sunčeve aktivnosti uveo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfov_relativni_broj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfov relativni broj (stranica ne postoji)">Wolfov relativni broj</a> Sunčevih pjega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wolfov_relativni_broj">Wolfov relativni broj</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Wolfov relativni broj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Wolfov relativni broj"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfov_relativni_broj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfov relativni broj (stranica ne postoji)">Wolfov relativni broj</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Wolfov relativni broj</b> je broj Sunčevih pjega i skupina Sunčevih pjega opaženih na površini Sunca u nekom periodu (danu, mjesecu): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R=k\cdot (10\cdot g+s)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R=k\cdot (10\cdot g+s)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39e623314459dcbfc52285e43b1048ff256554e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R=k\cdot (10\cdot g+s)\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>s</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}"></span> - broj pojedinačnih Sunčevih pjega koji se u periodu promatranja nalazi na vidljivoj strani Sunca,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}"></span> - broj skupina Sunčevih pjega, i</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}"></span> - koeficijent koji ovisi o osjetljivosti <a href="/wiki/Astronomski_instrumenti" title="Astronomski instrumenti">astronomskoga instrumenta</a> i drugim uvjetima opažanja.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Nazvan je po švicarskom astronomu <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Wolf" title="Rudolf Wolf">R. Wolfu</a>. Promjena Wolfova relativnoga broja tijekom vremena sukladna je periodičnim (najčešće između 9,5 i 11 godina) <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_ciklus" title="Sunčev ciklus">promjenama Sunčeve aktivnosti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21._stoljeće"><span id="21._stolje.C4.87e"></span>21. stoljeće</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: 21. stoljeće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka 21. stoljeće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Od 2007. do 2009. primijećeno je da je broj Sunčevih pjega puno manji od prosjeka.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U prosincu 2009. pojavila se veća skupina Sunčevih pjega, ali to je još uvijek ispod prosjeka.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Promatranje_Sunčevih_pjega"><span id="Promatranje_Sun.C4.8Devih_pjega"></span>Promatranje Sunčevih pjega</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Promatranje Sunčevih pjega" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Promatranje Sunčevih pjega"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunčeve pjege promatraju se s površine Zemlje ili iz svemira. Najjednostavniji način je projekcija kroz refraktorski teleskop na podlogu, što daje vrlo ograničene mogućnosti kao što su praćenje broja, rasporeda, grubog oblika i gibanja pjega. Znanstvena istraživanja pjega traže visoku razlučivost i promatranje u uskim pojasima elektromagnetskog zračenja, što zahtijeva posebno zaštićene velike teleskope s uskopojasnim filtrima. </p><p>Za izravno promatranje pjega vrijede pravila koja vrijede i za bilokoje drugo izravno promatranje fotosfere. <a href="/wiki/Refraktorski_teleskop" title="Refraktorski teleskop">Refraktorski teleskop</a> oprema se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herschelova_prizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herschelova prizma (stranica ne postoji)">Herschelovom prizmom</a> i dodatnim tamnim filtrom na okularu, ili prikladnim i certificirano sigurnim solarnim filtrom na objektivu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Reflektorski_teleskop" title="Reflektorski teleskop">Reflektorski teleskop</a> oprema se isključivo solarnim filtrom na objektivu jer mu sustav zrcala ne bi podnio izravnu i koncentriranu svjetlost i toplinu bez deformacija. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primjena">Primjena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Primjena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primjena"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog svoje povezanosti s ostalim Sunčevim aktivnim područjima, praćenje aktivnosti pjega pomaže u prognozi stanja <a href="/wiki/Ionosfera" title="Ionosfera">ionosfere</a>, a time i prijenosa kratkovalnih <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valova</a> i satelitskih komunikacija. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130403033824/http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/workbook/sunspot.html">Sunspots</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/workbook/sunspot.html">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 3. travnja 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11. travnja 2024.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunspots&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fpoetry%2Fworkbook%2Fsunspot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1989QJRAS..30...59M/0000060.000.html">[1]</a> harvard.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.de/groups/activity/presse/pressrelease990610.html">press release 990610</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624105256/http://www.aip.de/groups/activity/presse/pressrelease990610.html">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 24. lipnja 2010. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), K. G. Strassmeier, 1999., University of Vienna, "Starspots vary on the same (short) time scales as Sunspots do"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Solanki SK, Usoskin IG, Kromer B, Schüssler M, Beer J., 2004., "Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years", journal=Nature, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/solanki2004/solanki2004.html">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050315081547/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/244.htm"><span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>Solar Forcing of Climate<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span></a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/244.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 15. ožujka 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2011.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Solar+Forcing+of+Climate%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grida.no%2Fclimate%2Fipcc_tar%2Fwg1%2F244.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">journal zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#missing_periodical" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060617030502/http://www.aip.org/history/climate/solar.htm">Spencer Weart: "Changing Sun, Changing Climate?<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span></a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/climate/solar.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 17. lipnja 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2011.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spencer+Weart%3A+%22Changing+Sun%2C+Changing+Climate%3F%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Fclimate%2Fsolar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Solar affinity of sedimentary cycles in the late Precambrian Elatina Formation" Williams G.E., 1985.,journal=Australian Journal of Physics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Digging down under for sunspots" Reed Business, 1981., journal=New Scientist <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/?id=4CpdD9YdMeoC&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147&dq=williams+sunspot+varve&q=williams%20sunspot%20varve">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Early Astronomy and the Beginnings of a Mathematical Science", 2007., University of Cambridge, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://nrich.maths.org/6843">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Few Pre-Copernican Astronomers" Wilson E. R., 1917., journal=Popular Astronomy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman Brajša, Tatjana Kren i Davor Krajnović, Sunčeva pjega, <a href="/wiki/Leksikon_Ru%C4%91era_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87a" title="Leksikon Ruđera Boškovića">Leksikon Ruđera Boškovića</a> str. 128-129 <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-953-268-020-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-953-268-020-1">978-953-268-020-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727151005/http://www.sidc.be/news/106/sunspotnumberclarified.pdf">personal reduction coefficient K</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidc.be/news/106/sunspotnumberclarified.pdf">izvorne stranice</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhivirana 27. srpnja 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 3. prosinca 2015.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=personal+reduction+coefficient+K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sidc.be%2Fnews%2F106%2Fsunspotnumberclarified.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Wolfov relativni broj</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=69667">[5]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325075628/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/03sep_sunspots.htm"><span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>Are Sunspots Disappearing?" Phillips Tony, 2009</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/03sep_sunspots.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 25. ožujka 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2011.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Are+Sunspots+Disappearing%3F%22+Phillips+Tony%2C+2009.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fheadlines%2Fy2009%2F03sep_sunspots.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">journal zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#missing_periodical" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627640.800-whats-wrong-with-the-sun.htm">"What's wrong with the sun?", 2010., Stuart Clark</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun%C4%8Deve_pjege&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102112535/http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=GCMD&KeywordPath=%5BParameters%3ACategory%3D%27EARTH+SCIENCE%27%2CTopic%3D%27SUN-EARTH+INTERACTIONS%27%2CTerm%3D%27SOLAR+ACTIVITY%27%2CVariable%3D%27SUNSPOTS%27%5D&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=NOAA_NCDC_PALEO_2005-015&MetadataView=Brief&MetadataType=0&lbnode=gcmd3b">11,000 Year Sunspot Number Reconstruction</a>. <i>Global Change Master Directory</i>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=GCMD&KeywordPath=%5BParameters%3ACategory%3D%27EARTH+SCIENCE%27%2CTopic%3D%27SUN-EARTH+INTERACTIONS%27%2CTerm%3D%27SOLAR+ACTIVITY%27%2CVariable%3D%27SUNSPOTS%27%5D&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=NOAA_NCDC_PALEO_2005-015&MetadataView=Brief&MetadataType=0&lbnode=gcmd3b">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 2. studenoga 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11. ožujka 2005.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Master+Directory&rft.atitle=11%2C000+Year+Sunspot+Number+Reconstruction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.nasa.gov%2FKeywordSearch%2FMetadata.do%3FPortal%3DGCMD%26KeywordPath%3D%255BParameters%253ACategory%253D%2527EARTH%2BSCIENCE%2527%252CTopic%253D%2527SUN-EARTH%2BINTERACTIONS%2527%252CTerm%253D%2527SOLAR%2BACTIVITY%2527%252CVariable%253D%2527SUNSPOTS%2527%255D%26OrigMetadataNode%3DGCMD%26EntryId%3DNOAA_NCDC_PALEO_2005-015%26MetadataView%3DBrief%26MetadataType%3D0%26lbnode%3Dgcmd3b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/solanki2004/">Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years</a>. <i>WDC for Paleoclimatology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11. ožujka 2005.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WDC+for+Paleoclimatology&rft.atitle=Unusual+activity+of+the+Sun+during+recent+decades+compared+to+the+previous+11%2C000+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fpaleo%2Fpubs%2Fsolanki2004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914054517/http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=GCMD&KeywordPath=%5BParameters%3ACategory%3D%27EARTH+SCIENCE%27%2CTopic%3D%27SUN-EARTH+INTERACTIONS%27%2CTerm%3D%27SOLAR+ACTIVITY%27%2CVariable%3D%27SUNSPOTS%27%5D&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=FE00140&MetadataView=Brief&MetadataType=0&lbnode=gcmd3b">Sunspot Numbers from Ancient Times to Present from NOAA/NGDC</a>. <i>Global Change Master Directory</i>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=GCMD&KeywordPath=%5BParameters%3ACategory%3D%27EARTH+SCIENCE%27%2CTopic%3D%27SUN-EARTH+INTERACTIONS%27%2CTerm%3D%27SOLAR+ACTIVITY%27%2CVariable%3D%27SUNSPOTS%27%5D&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=FE00140&MetadataView=Brief&MetadataType=0&lbnode=gcmd3b">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 14. rujna 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11. ožujka 2005.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Master+Directory&rft.atitle=Sunspot+Numbers+from+Ancient+Times+to+Present+from+NOAA%2FNGDC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.nasa.gov%2FKeywordSearch%2FMetadata.do%3FPortal%3DGCMD%26KeywordPath%3D%255BParameters%253ACategory%253D%2527EARTH%2BSCIENCE%2527%252CTopic%253D%2527SUN-EARTH%2BINTERACTIONS%2527%252CTerm%253D%2527SOLAR%2BACTIVITY%2527%252CVariable%253D%2527SUNSPOTS%2527%255D%26OrigMetadataNode%3DGCMD%26EntryId%3DFE00140%26MetadataView%3DBrief%26MetadataType%3D0%26lbnode%3Dgcmd3b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/SOLAR_DATA/SUNSPOT_NUMBERS/">SUNSPOT NUMBERS</a>. <i>NOAA NGDC Solar Data Services</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 21. lipnja 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOAA+NGDC+Solar+Data+Services&rft.atitle=SUNSPOT+NUMBERS&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.ngdc.noaa.gov%2FSTP%2FSOLAR_DATA%2FSUNSPOT_NUMBERS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASun%C4%8Deve+pjege" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|url-status=dead</code> zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#deadurl_missing_archive" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></li></ul></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunčeve_pjege&oldid=6926748">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunčeve_pjege&oldid=6926748</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page (stranica ne postoji)">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Solarne_pojave" title="Kategorija:Solarne pojave">Solarne pojave</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke:_nedostaje_periodika" title="Kategorija:CS1 greške: nedostaje periodika">CS1 greške: nedostaje periodika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke:_neaktivne_poveznice_bez_arhive" title="Kategorija:CS1 greške: neaktivne poveznice bez arhive">CS1 greške: neaktivne poveznice bez arhive</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 5. svibnja 2024. u 07:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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