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style="position:relative"><h1 title="Origin and meaning of duty" class="word__name--TTbAA">duty<!-- --> <!-- -->(n.)</h1><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH"><p>late 14c., <span class="foreign notranslate">duete</span>, "obligatory service, that which ought to be done," also "the force of that which is morally right," from Anglo-French <span class="foreign notranslate">duete</span>, from Old French <span class="foreign notranslate">deu</span> "due, owed," hence "proper, just" (on the notion of "that which one is bound by natural, moral, or legal obligation to do or perform"); from Vulgar Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">*debutus</span>, from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">debitus</span>, past participle of <span class="foreign notranslate">debere</span> "to owe," originally, "keep something away from someone," from <span class="foreign notranslate">de-</span> "away" (see <a href="/word/de-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of de- " class="crossreference notranslate">de-</a>) + <span class="foreign notranslate">habere</span> "to have" (from PIE root <a href="/word/*ghabh-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ghabh- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*ghabh-</a> "to give or receive"). Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Duties</span>.</p> <p>Military sense of "a requisite service" is by 1580s. The sense of "tax or fee on imports, exports, etc." is from late 14c.; hence <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>duty-free</strong></span> (adv.) "free from tax or duty" (1680s), and, as a noun, "duty-free article" (1958), "duty-free shop" (by 1980).</p></section><div class="word__firstRecorded--3lZB8">also from<!-- --> <a rel="nofollow" class="word__firstRecorded_time--28qNE" href="/search?sort=a&q=from:late%2014c.">late 14c.</a></div></div></div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="words related to duty">Entries linking to <i>duty</i></h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of dutiable" href="/word/dutiable#etymonline_v_54159">dutiable<!-- --> <!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"subject to a customs duty," 1774, from <a href="/word/duty" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of duty " class="crossreference notranslate">duty</a> + <a href="/word/-able" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -able " class="crossreference notranslate">-able</a>.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of dutiful" href="/word/dutiful#etymonline_v_31965">dutiful<!-- --> <!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"performing the duties required by social or legal obligation; obediently respectful," 1550s, from <a href="/word/duty" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of duty " class="crossreference notranslate">duty</a> + <a href="/word/-ful" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -ful " class="crossreference notranslate">-ful</a>. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Dutifully; dutifulness</span>. Shakespeare uses <span class="foreign notranslate">duteous</span>.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><ul class="related__container--22iKI"><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of heavy-duty" href="/word/heavy-duty"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">heavy-duty</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of off-duty" href="/word/off-duty"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">off-duty</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of de-" href="/word/de-"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">de-</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of *ghabh-" href="/word/*ghabh-"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">*ghabh-</li></a><a class="related__more--1gm0U related__word--3Si0N" href="/word/duty/related"><li>See all related words (<!-- -->6<!-- -->) <!-- -->></li></a></ul></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="8757723469" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="ngram--SmXCf"><h3 class="h3_title" title="Trends of duty">Trends of <i>duty</i></h3><div class="ngram__container--NwjaG" style="height:180px"><canvas id="ngram-chart"></canvas></div><div class="ngram__footer--3-9dX">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="More to Explore">More to Explore</h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="syn_ant" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of tariff" href="/word/tariff"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">tariff<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">1590s, "arithmetical table," also "official list or table of customs duties on goods for import or export;" also "a law regulating import duties," from Italian tariffa "tariff, price, assessment," Medieval Latin tarifa "list of prices, book of rates," ultimately from Arabic ta'ri</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="syn_ant" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of obligation" href="/word/obligation"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">obligation<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">c. 1300, obligacioun, "a binding pledge, commitment to fulfill a promise or meet conditions of a bargain," from Old French obligacion "obligation, duty, responsibility" (early 13c.) and directly from Latin obligationem (nominative obligatio) "an engaging or pledging," literally "</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of endeavor" href="/word/endeavor"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">endeavor<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">early 15c., "pains taken to attain an object," literally "in duty," from phrase put (oneself) in dever "make it one's duty..." (a partial translation of Old French mettre en deveir "put in duty"), from Old French dever "duty," from Latin debere "...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of official" href="/word/official"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">official<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">late 14c., "performing a service" (a sense now obsolete); c. 1400, "required by duty," from Old French oficial "official;...main, principal" (14c., Modern French officiel) and directly from Late Latin officialis "of or belonging to duty, service..., or office," from Latin officium "service, kindness, favor; official duty, function, business; ceremonial observance," literally...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of task" href="/word/task"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">task<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">early 14c., "a quantity of labor imposed as a duty," from Old North French tasque (12c., Old French tasche, Modern French...tâche) "duty, tax," from Vulgar Latin *tasca "a duty, assessment," metathesis of Medieval Latin taxa, a back-formation of...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of call" href="/word/call"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">call<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">From 1580s as "a summons" (by bugle, drum, etc.) to military men to perform some duty; from 1680s as "the cry or note of...It is attested from 1670s as "requirement, duty, right," hence, colloquially, "occasion, cause."...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of official" href="/word/official"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">official<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"of or belonging to duty, service, or office" (see official (adj.))....From mid-14c. as "a domestic retainer in a household;" the meaning "person in charge of some public work or duty, one holding...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of ochre" href="/word/ochre"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">ochre<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">common name of a type of clayey soil much used in pigments, late 13c., oker, ocre, from Old French ocre (c. 1300) and directly from Medieval Latin ocra, from Latin ochra, from Greek khra, from khros "pale yellow," a word of unknown origin. It consists hydrated sesquioxids of iron</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of chore" href="/word/chore"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">chore<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"a small job or task," especially "a piece of minor domestic work of regular or frequent recurrence," 1751, American English, variant of char, from Middle English cherre "odd job," from Old English cerr, cierr "turn, change, time, occasion, affair business." Related: Chores. Cho</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of office" href="/word/office"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">office<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">mid-13c., "a post in government or administration, an employment to which certain duties are attached, secular position of authority or responsibility," from Anglo-French and Old French ofice "place or function; divine service" (12c. in Old French) and directly from Latin officiu</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div></div><div class="share-tool socialShare--223YS"><h3 title="Share duty to social networks" class="socialShare__title--34iP2">Share <i>duty</i></h3><div class="cite--1qJ-_ share-cite">‘<!-- -->cite<!-- -->’</div><a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fduty" data-social-target="Facebook" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__facebook--2fm3U fa-facebook"></a><a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fduty&text=duty%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20duty%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Twitter" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__twitter--1iFxf fa-twitter"></a><a title="Share on Reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fduty&title=duty%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20duty%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Reddit" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__reddit--30bBu fa-reddit"></a><a title="Share on Email" href="mailto:?subject=duty%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20duty%20by%20etymonline&body=%22obligatory%20service%2C%20that%20which%20ought%20to%20be%20done%2C%22%20also%20%22the%20force%20of%20that%20which%20is%E2%80%A6%20See%20origin%20and%20meaning%20of%20duty.%0Afrom%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fduty%20Find%20out%20more%20at%20etymonline.com" data-social-target="Email" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__email--3hVBm fa-email"></a><div class="cite__content--3ghsO cite-content"><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Page URL:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">https://www.etymonline.com/word/duty</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">HTML Link:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly=""><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/duty">Etymology of duty by etymonline</a></textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">APA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of duty. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/duty</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Chicago style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper Douglas, “Etymology of duty,” Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/duty.</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">MLA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of duty.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/duty. Accessed $(datetimeMla).</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">IEEE style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">D. Harper. “Etymology of duty.” Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/duty (accessed $(datetime)).</textarea></div></div><p class="wordDetail__date--3r7r8">updated on June 13, 2020</p><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="7656336158" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div></div><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-6"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 removeAdsContainer--3mV2b horizontal"><a href="/premium?utm_source=remove_ads"><div class="removeAdsBtn--2W3KN">Remove ads ></div></a><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"></div></div><div class="trending__normal--2eWJF"><h3 class="h3_title">Trending 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Dutchy" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/Dutchy"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">Dutchy</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of dutiable" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/dutiable"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">dutiable</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of dutiful" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/dutiful"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">dutiful</p></a><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2 alphabetical__active--FCYcm">duty</p><a title="Origin and meaning of duvet" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/duvet"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">duvet</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of DVD" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/DVD"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">DVD</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of dwarf" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/dwarf"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">dwarf</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of dwarfish" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/dwarfish"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">dwarfish</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of dweeb" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/dweeb"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">dweeb</p></a></div></div></div></div><div class="alphabet--3sMXd"><ul class="alphabet__inner--2NEtM"><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter A"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=a">A</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter B"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=b">B</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter C"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=c">C</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter D"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=d">D</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter E"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=e">E</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting 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