CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Advance on Moscow (1919) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bf4bc813-8959-4621-b40d-9494a1c9b4bc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)","wgTitle":"Advance on Moscow (1919)","wgCurRevisionId":1266895337,"wgRevisionId":1266895337,"wgArticleId":58674748,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2022","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","Campaigns of the Russian Civil War","Military operations of the Russian Civil War in 1919","July 1919 events","August 1919 events","September 1919 events","October 1919 events","Battles involving Soviet Russia (1917–1922)","Moscow in the Russian Civil War","Battles involving the Volunteer Army", "Battles involving the Armed Forces of South Russia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)","wgRelevantArticleId":58674748,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4375107","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.8"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg/1200px-Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1032"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg/800px-Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="688"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg/640px-Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="551"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Advance on Moscow (1919) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Advance_on_Moscow_1919 rootpage-Advance_on_Moscow_1919 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Advance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Advance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Advance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Advance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plan_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plan of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plan_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_stage_(July–August_1919)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_stage_(July–August_1919)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early stage (July–August 1919)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_stage_(July–August_1919)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corrected_directive_(August–September_1919)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corrected_directive_(August–September_1919)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Corrected directive (August–September 1919)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corrected_directive_(August–September_1919)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_offensive_(September–October_1919)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_offensive_(September–October_1919)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>General offensive (September–October 1919)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_offensive_(September–October_1919)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collapse_of_the_general_offensive_(October–December_1919)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collapse_of_the_general_offensive_(October–December_1919)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Collapse of the general offensive (October–December 1919)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collapse_of_the_general_offensive_(October–December_1919)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_Battles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_Battles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major Battles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_Battles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Advance on Moscow (1919)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche_vers_Moscou" title="Marche vers Moscou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marche vers Moscou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avanzata_su_Mosca_(1919)" title="Avanzata su Mosca (1919) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Avanzata su Mosca (1919)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensywa_Si%C5%82_Zbrojnych_Po%C5%82udnia_Rosji_na_Moskw%C4%99" title="Ofensywa Sił Zbrojnych Południa Rosji na Moskwę – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ofensywa Sił Zbrojnych Południa Rosji na Moskwę" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Московский поход Деникина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Московский поход Деникина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4375107#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&oldid=1266895337" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Advance_on_Moscow_%281919%29&id=1266895337&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdvance_on_Moscow_%281919%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdvance_on_Moscow_%281919%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Advance_on_Moscow_%281919%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4375107" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">White Army military campaign during the Russian Civil War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Advance on Moscow</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Southern Front of the Russian Civil War">Southern Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg/275px-Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg/413px-Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg/550px-Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="1078" /></a></span><br />Southern Front of the Russian Civil War (summer 1919)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>3 July - 18 November 1919</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Don_Host_Oblast" title="Don Host Oblast">Don Host Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>, Northeastern Ukraine, Lower Volga region, Central Russia</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/South_Russia_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="South Russia (1919–1920)">White</a> strategic failure</b> <b><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Bolshevik</a> victory</b> </p> <ul><li>Beginning of the catastrophic retreat of the AFSR</li> <li>Evacuation of ASFR remnants to the <a href="/wiki/Crimea_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimea peninsula">Crimea peninsula</a>.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Russia_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="South Russia (1919–1920)">South Russia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Anton Denikin</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel" title="Pyotr Wrangel">Pyotr Wrangel</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Shkuro" title="Andrei Shkuro">Andrei Shkuro</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg/23px-Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg/35px-Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg/46px-Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Sidorin" title="Vladimir Sidorin">Vladimir Sidorin</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg/23px-Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg/35px-Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg/46px-Flag_of_Don_Cossacks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mamontov" title="Konstantin Mamontov">K. Mamontov</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_May-Mayevsky" title="Vladimir May-Mayevsky">V. May-Mayevsky</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kutepov" title="Alexander Kutepov">Alexander Kutepov</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abram_Dragomirov" title="Abram Dragomirov">Abram Dragomirov</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kamenev" title="Sergey Kamenev">Sergey Kamenev</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yegoryev" title="Vladimir Yegoryev">Vladimir Yegoryev</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Yegorov_(soldier)" title="Alexander Yegorov (soldier)">Alexander Yegorov</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shorin" title="Vasily Shorin">Vasily Shorin</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Selivachyov" title="Vladimir Selivachyov">V. Selivachyov</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Budyonny" title="Semyon Budyonny">Semyon Budyonny</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Primakov" title="Vitaly Primakov">Vitaly Primakov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Armed Forces of South Russia">Armed Forces of South Russia</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Army_(Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia)" title="Caucasus Army (Armed Forces of South Russia)">Caucasus Army</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_White_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Don_White_Army.svg/20px-Don_White_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Don_White_Army.svg/30px-Don_White_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Don_White_Army.svg/40px-Don_White_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Don_Army" title="Don Army">Don Army</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg/20px-Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg/30px-Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg/40px-Volunteer_Army_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Army" title="Volunteer Army">Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_(RSFSR)" title="Southern Front (RSFSR)">Southern Front</a> <br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="8th Army (RSFSR)">8th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="12th Army (RSFSR)">12th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="13th Army (RSFSR)">13th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="14th Army (RSFSR)">14th Army</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Front_(RSFSR)" title="Southeastern Front (RSFSR)">Southeastern Front</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="9th Army (RSFSR)">9th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="10th Army (RSFSR)">10th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Army" title="1st Cavalry Army">1st Cavalry Army</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 70,000 (15 October)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 115,500 (15 October)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_Frontof_the_Russian_Civil_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Southern Front of the Russian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Southern Front of the Russian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Southern Front of the Russian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_Frontof_the_Russian_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Southern Front of the Russian Civil War">Southern Front<br />of the Russian Civil War</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1917</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Kharkiv_(1917)" title="Occupation of Kharkiv (1917)">1st Kharkiv</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1918</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_clashes" title="Mughan clashes">Mughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamkhor_massacre" title="Shamkhor massacre">Shamkhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas-Don_operation" title="Donbas-Don operation">Donbas-Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1918)" title="Battle of Kiev (1918)">1st Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_March" title="Ice March">Ice March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_March" title="Steppe March">Steppe March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i%E2%80%93Don_March" title="Iași–Don March">Iași–Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Operation_(1918)" title="Crimea Operation (1918)">1st Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Caucasus_expedition" title="German Caucasus expedition">Transcaucasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Offensive" title="Kuban Offensive">Kuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsaritsyn" title="Battle of Tsaritsyn">Tsaritsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurdamir" title="Battle of Kurdamir">Kurdamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livny_Uprising" title="Livny Uprising">Livny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dibrivka" title="Battle of Dibrivka">Dibrivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia_intervention" title="Southern Russia intervention">Allied intervention</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1919</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Povorino_Operation" title="Voronezh–Povorino Operation">Voronezh–Povorino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerynoslav_March" title="Katerynoslav March">Katerynoslav March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Caucasus_Operation_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919)">Northern Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(January_1919)" title="Battle of Kiev (January 1919)">2nd Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotyn_Uprising" title="Khotyn Uprising">Khotyn Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Donbas_(1919)" title="Battle for the Donbas (1919)">1st Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hryhoriv_Uprising" title="Hryhoriv Uprising">Hryhoriv Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Binagadi" title="Battle of Binagadi">Binagadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapan_rebellion" title="Chapan rebellion">Chapan rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyoshenskaya_Uprising" title="Vyoshenskaya Uprising">Vyoshenskaya Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandrovsky_Fort" title="Battle of Alexandrovsky Fort">Alexandrovsky Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bender_Uprising" title="Bender Uprising">Bender Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa_Operation_(1919)" title="Odessa Operation (1919)">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Operation_(June_1919)" title="Kharkiv Operation (June 1919)">2nd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamontov_Raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamontov Raid (page does not exist)">Mamontov Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_counteroffensive" title="Southern Front counteroffensive">Southern Front counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Kiev_by_the_White_Army" title="Capture of Kiev by the White Army">3rd Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peregonovka" title="Battle of Peregonovka">Peregonovka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Advance on Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizhyn%E2%80%93Poltava_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizhyn–Poltava Operation (page does not exist)">Nizhyn–Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orel%E2%80%93Kursk_operation" title="Orel–Kursk operation">Orel–Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kastornoye_operation_(1919)" title="Voronezh–Kastornoye operation (1919)">Voronezh–Kastornoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopyor%E2%80%93Don_Operation" title="Khopyor–Don Operation">Khopyor–Don</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavlohrad%E2%80%93Katerynoslav_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav Operation (page does not exist)">Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Operation_(December_1919)" title="Kharkiv Operation (December 1919)">3rd Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(December_1919)" title="Battle of Kiev (December 1919)">4th Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_operation_(1919)" title="Donbas operation (1919)">2nd Donbas</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1920</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rostov%E2%80%93Novocherkassk_Operation" title="Rostov–Novocherkassk Operation">Rostov–Novocherkassk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa_Operation_(1920)" title="Odessa Operation (1920)">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_Operation_(1920)" title="North Caucasus Operation (1920)">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_Novorossiysk_(1920)" title="Evacuation of Novorossiysk (1920)">Novorossiysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yalama" title="Battle of Yalama">Yalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarvan" title="Battle of Sarvan">Sarvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Ganja_revolt" title="1920 Ganja revolt">Ganja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_3_May_1920" title="Action of 3 May 1920">Ochakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzali_Operation" title="Anzali Operation">Anzali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankaran_Uprisings" title="Lankaran Uprisings">Lankaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulagay%27s_Landing" title="Ulagay's Landing">Ulagay's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Obytichnyi_Spit" title="Battle of Obytichnyi Spit">Obytichnyi Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Taurida_Operation" title="Northern Taurida Operation">Northern Taurida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan_uprising" title="Dagestan uprising">Dagestan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_Rebellion" title="Tambov Rebellion">Tambov Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Perekop_(1920)" title="Siege of Perekop (1920)">Perekop–Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Crimea" title="Evacuation of the Crimea">2nd Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevik%E2%80%93Makhnovist_conflict" title="Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict">Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1921</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_9_January_1921" title="Action of 9 January 1921">Anapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Uprising" title="February Uprising">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_over_Mountainous_Armenia" title="War over Mountainous Armenia">Mountainous Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Advance on Moscow</b> was a military campaign of the White <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Armed Forces of South Russia">Armed Forces of South Russia</a> (AFSR), launched against the <a href="/wiki/RSFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="RSFSR">RSFSR</a> in July 1919 during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>. The goal of the campaign was the capture of Moscow, which, according to the chief of the White Army <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Anton Denikin</a>, would play a decisive role in the outcome of the Civil War and bring the Whites closer to the final victory. After initial successes, in which the city of <a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a> at only 360 kilometres (220 mi) from Moscow was taken, Denikin's overextended Army was decisively defeated in a series of battles in October and November 1919. </p><p>The Moscow campaign of the AFSR can be divided into two phases: the offensive of the AFSR (3 July–10 October) and the counteroffensive of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_(RSFSR)" title="Southern Front (RSFSR)">Red Southern Front</a> (11 October–November 18). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-1919, the situation on the Southern Front, which in the first months of the year was much better for the Reds, changed in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Armed Forces of South Russia">Armed Forces of South Russia</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Anton Denikin</a>. At the end of April 1919, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Vsevolodov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Vsevolodov (page does not exist)">Nikolai Vsevolodov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Всеволодов, Николай Дмитриевич">ru</a>]</span>, who commanded the <a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="9th Army (RSFSR)">9th Red Army</a>, turned over to the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a>, and in the weeks leading up to his escape he was passing on information to the Whites from his post. At the beginning of May, <a href="/wiki/Nykyfor_Hryhoriv" title="Nykyfor Hryhoriv">Nykyfor Hryhoriv</a>, who had led the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Front_(1919)" title="Ukrainian Front (1919)">Ukrainian Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia_intervention" title="Southern Russia intervention">operation</a> to capture <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Governorate" title="Kherson Governorate">Kherson Governorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>, revolted against his Bolshevik commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hryhoriv came to control the area from <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Katerynoslav</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area had so far been a source of replenishment and supplies for the Red Army units fighting against the Armed Forces of South Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May and early June, the whites were finally claimed victory in the fierce <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Donbas_(1919)" title="Battle for the Donbas (1919)">battle of Donbas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015123_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015123-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then on 27 June 1919, the White units of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_May-Mayevsky" title="Vladimir May-Mayevsky">Vladimir May-Mayevsky</a> successfully completed an <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Operation_(June_1919)" title="Kharkiv Operation (June 1919)">operation</a> to capture the Ukrainian Soviet capital of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, and on 29-30 June 1919, forces commanded by <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Shkuro" title="Andrei Shkuro">Andrei Shkuro</a> captured Katerynoslav.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Don_Republic" title="Don Republic">Don region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Cossacks</a> led an uprising against the local Bolshevik authorities, in response to their <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">repressive policy</a> and persecution of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June, the White troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Sidorin" title="Vladimir Sidorin">Vladimir Sidorin</a> managed to join the Cossack insurgents and oust the Bolsheviks from the entire <a href="/wiki/Don_(river)" title="Don (river)">Don region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200438Serczyk2001274_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200438Serczyk2001274-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in the last days of the same month, the <a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel" title="Pyotr Wrangel">Pyotr Wrangel</a>, using tanks supplied by the British, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsaritsyn" title="Battle of Tsaritsyn">captured</a> the strategic southern city of <a href="/wiki/Tsaritsyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsaritsyn">Tsaritsyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, on 3 July, at the parade of Wrangel's troops, Denikin announced that the next goal of the White movement would be to capture the capital of Soviet Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plan_of_action">Plan of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plan of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denikin's Moscow directive (order No. 08878<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) determined the following directions of action: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel" title="Pyotr Wrangel">Pyotr Wrangel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Army_(Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia)" title="Caucasus Army (Armed Forces of South Russia)">Caucasian Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was to move north towards <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Rtishchevo" title="Rtishchevo">Rtishchevo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balashov_(town)" title="Balashov (town)">Balashov</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruzayevka" title="Ruzayevka">Ruzayevka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arzamas" title="Arzamas">Arzamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>. His troops were to attack Moscow from <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>. In front of the main forces of Wrangel, units whose task was to break up the red units on the lower Volga and establish communication with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Alexander Kolchak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Russian_Army_(1919)" title="Russian Army (1919)">Russian Army</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200439-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Sidorin" title="Vladimir Sidorin">Vladimir Sidorin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Don_Army" title="Don Army">Don Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was to head north to <a href="/wiki/Kamyshin" title="Kamyshin">Kamyshin</a> and Balashov, and then, coordinating his actions with Wrangel, lead some of the forces to <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michurinsk" title="Michurinsk">Kozlov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, with the prospect of attacking Moscow, and the other part of them should be directed to <a href="/wiki/Novy_Oskol" title="Novy Oskol">Novy Oskol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yelets" title="Yelets">Yelets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashira" title="Kashira">Kashira</a>, then also attack Moscow;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200439-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_May-Mayevsky" title="Vladimir May-Mayevsky">Vladimir May-Mayevsky</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Army" title="Volunteer Army">Volunteer Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was tasked with winning <a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, and in order to protect against the red forces in Ukraine, reach the line of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desna_(river)" title="Desna (river)">Desna</a>, and enter <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, to secure all places between Katerynlosav and <a href="/wiki/Briansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Briansk">Briansk</a> where it was possible to cross rivers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200439-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Dobrovolsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Dobrovolsky (page does not exist)">Sergei Dobrovolsky</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Добророльский, Сергей Константинович">ru</a>]</span> was tasked with gaining control over the mouth of the Dnieper, Kherson and Mykolaiv;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200439-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> was to block the port in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> and cooperate in the implementation of other combat tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200439-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Denikin intended to use railroads to carry out all tasks ashore. He also ordered to start recruiting volunteers and to carry out large-scale propaganda campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denikin's plan was optimistic, overestimating the capabilities of his forces after being impressed by the recent successes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200441_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200441-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason Denikin ignored Wrangel's suggestions to postpone a major offensive on Moscow, allow troops to rest, and focus temporarily on defense along the Katerynoslav-Tsaritsyn line and only <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Astrakhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Astrakhan (page does not exist)">launch an attack</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_o_Astracha%C5%84" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa o Astrachań">pl</a>]</span> against <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200441_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200441-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This solution, however, also carried a certain risk - time worked in favor of the reds, they could mobilize larger reserves. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn,_1919.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn%2C_1919.png/220px-Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn%2C_1919.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn%2C_1919.png/330px-Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn%2C_1919.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn%2C_1919.png/440px-Denikin_and_Wrangel_in_Tsaritsyn%2C_1919.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Denikin and Wrangel in Tsaritsyn. Shortly after the city was occupied, the plan of the Armed Forces of South Russia's march towards Moscow was announced.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 9 July, Lenin issued a circular "Everyone to Fight Denikin!", calling for a reorganization of forces and effective resistance to further white actions on the southern front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010223–224_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010223–224-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dispute arose in the command of the Red Army over what the response to the capture of Tsaritsyn by the whites and further actions against Denikin's army in Kuban should look like. The commander-in-chief of the Red Army, <a href="/wiki/Jukums_V%C4%81cietis" title="Jukums Vācietis">Jukums Vācietis</a>, supported by the commissioner for military and maritime affairs, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>, suggested that an offensive should be led through Donbas, where, as Trotsky argued, the soldiers could count on the support of the workers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200442–43_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200442–43-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Vācietis was removed from his post and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kamenev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Kamenev">Sergei Kamenev</a>, who developed a plan to attack Tsaritsyn, then <a href="/wiki/Novocherkassk" title="Novocherkassk">Novocherkassk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rostov,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast">Rostov</a>. Then the offensive would be entrusted to the <a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="9th Army (RSFSR)">9th</a> and <a href="/wiki/10th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="10th Army (RSFSR)">10th Red Armies</a>, not the much weaker <a href="/wiki/13th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="13th Army (RSFSR)">13th</a> and <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="14th Army (RSFSR)">14th Red Armies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200442_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200442-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_stage_(July–August_1919)"><span id="Early_stage_.28July.E2.80.93August_1919.29"></span>Early stage (July–August 1919)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early stage (July–August 1919)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the actions planned by Denikin in Ukraine were to be only of a protective nature, it was in this area that the whites achieved their first important successes in the course of the launched offensive. On 29 July 1919 they seized <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>, on 18 August they captured <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a>, and on 23 August they <a href="/wiki/Odessa_Operation_(1919)" title="Odessa Operation (1919)">landed</a> at <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, they entered <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, forcing the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a> to leave the city, which also reached it in the course of a separate offensive on 23 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015308_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015308-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Evan Mawdsley, Denikin's Ukrainian offensive was a strategic mistake, as the forces that led it, consequently, could not engage in combat on the key central section of the front, and its line was stretched too thin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010222_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010222-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corrected_directive_(August–September_1919)"><span id="Corrected_directive_.28August.E2.80.93September_1919.29"></span>Corrected directive (August–September 1919)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corrected directive (August–September 1919)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the same time, the Red Army started to implement Kamenev's <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_counteroffensive" title="Southern Front counteroffensive">planned counteroffensive</a>. On 14 August, a strike group under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shorin" title="Vasily Shorin">Vasily Shorin</a> (8th and 9th Army) began the march on Tsaritsyn, while the group under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Selivachyov" title="Vladimir Selivachyov">Vladimir Selivachyov</a> (parts of the 8th and 14th Armies and the 13th Army) was directed to Kharkiv.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200443-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shorin's group attacked Wrangel's Caucasian Army, which left Tsaritsyn north and was approaching Saratov, but its march was halted due to lack of food and supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015125_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wrangel had to withdraw from <a href="/wiki/Kamyshin" title="Kamyshin">Kamyshin</a> and take up a defensive position in Tsaritsyn, where he successfully defended himself; after six weeks of fighting, Shorin's group lost the ability to engage in any offensive actions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200443-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially after it was attacked by cavalry under the command of <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mamontov" title="Konstantin Mamontov">Konstantin Mamontov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015125_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamontov_raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamontov raid (page does not exist)">Mamontov raid</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajd_Mamontowa" class="extiw" title="pl:Rajd Mamontowa">pl</a>]</span>, exploiting the gap between the 8th and 9th Armies, was not included in the original plan of the march to Moscow and may have been undertaken without the consent of Denikin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124–125_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124–125-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numbering 7-8 thousand cavalry, the group destroyed the communication infrastructure of the Reds, blew up railway tracks and bridges, destroyed a number of ammunition warehouses and dispersed some of the newly created Red Army units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 August 1919, Mamontov's forces captured <a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, and for two days (11 and 12 September) they captured <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>. In these cities, they committed looting on a large scale.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015125_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kamenev's plan, assuming a smooth transition to strike the areas in South Russia that constituted the center of the White movement, failed,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because Selivachyov's group had not managed to reach further than <a href="/wiki/Kupiansk" title="Kupiansk">Kupiansk</a>, leaving the Ukrainian Soviet capital of Kharkiv in the hands of the Whites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015126_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015126-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Mawdsley, it was Selivachyov's defeat that resulted in the failure of Kamenev's entire strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010226_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010226-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_offensive_(September–October_1919)"><span id="General_offensive_.28September.E2.80.93October_1919.29"></span>General offensive (September–October 1919)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General offensive (September–October 1919)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September, the Whites achieved further successes: on 20 September 1919, units under the command of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kutepov" title="Alexander Kutepov">Alexander Kutepov</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> destroying two red rifle divisions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010247_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010247-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 30 September, the cavalry under Shkuro's command surprised the enemy by crossing the Don and capturing Voronezh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 October, the Armed Forces of South Russia entered <a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Never before has such a large area been under their control<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor had they ever managed to get closer to Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200444-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the seizure of subsequent provinces, contrary to the expectations of the Whites, weakened them. The administration created by Denikin did not function efficiently, recruits drafted into the army did not want to fight, and the front line was dangerously lengthening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the Bolshevik government more successfully mobilized new volunteers to fight Denikin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between September and 15 November 1919, 100,000 new red soldiers were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Southern Front of the Russian Civil War">Southern Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215–216_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215–216-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another significant reorganization was carried out in the Red Army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 September, impressed by the successes of the Whites, the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Front_(RSFSR)" title="Southeastern Front (RSFSR)">Southeastern Front</a> was formed from the 9th and 10th Armies, operating on the section from Tsaritsyn to <a href="/wiki/Bobrov,_Bobrovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Bobrov, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Bobrov</a> under the command of Shorin. Stretched between Bobrov and <a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_(RSFSR)" title="Southern Front (RSFSR)">Southern Front</a>, consisting of the 8th, 12th, 13th and 14th Armies, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Yegorov_(soldier)" title="Alexander Yegorov (soldier)">Alexander Yegorov</a>. Sergey Kamenev was to be personally responsible for coordinating their activities. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the first large cavalry unit on this side of the conflict was created - the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Army" title="1st Cavalry Army">1st Cavalry Army</a> -<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010276–277Smele2015134_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010276–277Smele2015134-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ineffective commanders were replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the White side, the division into four groups planned by Denikin continued. Wrangel's forces defended Tsaritsyn, a Sidorin's Don Cossacks operated to the west, Kyiv was defended by <a href="/wiki/Abram_Dragomirov" title="Abram Dragomirov">Abram Dragomirov</a>'s troops, while the central part of the front was held by Vladimir May-Mayevsky. Denikin had practically no reserves, because those troops that were not involved in the march to Moscow were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peregonovka" title="Battle of Peregonovka">facing engagements</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine" title="Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine">Revolutionary Insurgent Army</a>, which had captured most of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern Ukraine</a> and were approaching the White headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a>, while a separate group of 3-5 thousand soldiers led the battle for the Red-held Astrakhan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denikin made the mistake of not shortening the front, temporarily stepping back from the farthest positions in the face of the Insurgent Army's threat against him. His staff was overly optimistic and believed that the Whites, who had already overcome many great difficulties, would also be victorious this time,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217–218_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217–218-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the lack of support from the population in the occupied areas, diseases plaguing White soldiers and bad organization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010275_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010275-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collapse_of_the_general_offensive_(October–December_1919)"><span id="Collapse_of_the_general_offensive_.28October.E2.80.93December_1919.29"></span>Collapse of the general offensive (October–December 1919)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collapse of the general offensive (October–December 1919)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B8!_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B8%21_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B8%21_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_-_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B8%21_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83._%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Bolshevik propaganda poster calling for the defense of Tula against the Armed Forces of South Russia.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of October 1919, the Red Army's counteroffensive began simultaneously in two sections. On 20 October, a strike group composed of the Latvian infantry division, the Ukrainian Cavalry Brigade under the command of <a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Primakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitaliy Primakov">Vitaliy Primakov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 13th Rifle Division and the Estonian Rifle Division<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010255_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010255-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forced May-Mayevsky to leave Oryol and to retreat further south. Threatened with encirclement, the Whites departed in an orderly manner to Kursk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the commander of the 1st Cavalry Army, <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Budyonny" title="Semyon Budyonny">Semyon Budyonny</a>, against the orders of the front commander, attacked Voronezh, because he wanted to face the famous White cavalry in a direct battle. He achieved a spectacular victory over the forces of Mamontov and Shkuro, entering the city on 24 October.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next <a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kastornoye_operation_(1919)" title="Voronezh–Kastornoye operation (1919)">operation</a> to capture the key railway junction at <a href="/wiki/Kastornoye" title="Kastornoye">Kastornoye</a> continued for a month. Its conquest by the Reds meant the separation of the Don Cossack forces and the Volunteer Army. On 15 November, the Reds seized Kursk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were groundbreaking battles for the entire <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">civil war</a>. The defeat of the Moscow offensive was the prelude to the final defeat of Whites in the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_Battles">Major Battles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major Battles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamontov_raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamontov raid (page does not exist)">Mamontov raid</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajd_Mamontowa" class="extiw" title="pl:Rajd Mamontowa">pl</a>]</span> (10 August — 19 September 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Front_counteroffensive" title="Southern Front counteroffensive">Southern Front counteroffensive</a> (14 August — 12 September 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orel%E2%80%93Kursk_operation" title="Orel–Kursk operation">Oryol–Kursk operation</a> (11 October — 18 November 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kastornoye_operation_(1919)" title="Voronezh–Kastornoye operation (1919)">Voronezh-Kastornoye operation</a> (13 October — 16 November 1919)</li> <li>Chernihiv operation (17 October — 18 November 1919)</li> <li>Liski-Bobrovskaya operation (November 1919)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200436–37_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESerczyk2001274_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSerczyk2001">Serczyk 2001</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015123-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015123_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200438Serczyk2001274-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200438Serczyk2001274_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 38; <a href="#CITEREFSerczyk2001">Serczyk 2001</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200439-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200439_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200441-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200441_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200441_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010223–224-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010223–224_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, pp. 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200442–43-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200442–43_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200442-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200442_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015308-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015308_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010222-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010222_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200443-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015125-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015125_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015125_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015125_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015124–125-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015124–125_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, pp. 124–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200443–44_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmele2015126-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmele2015126_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010226-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010226_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez200444-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez200444_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010247-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010247_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004214_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215–216-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004215–216_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, pp. 215–216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004216_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010276–277Smele2015134-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010276–277Smele2015134_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, pp. 276–277; <a href="#CITEREFSmele2015">Smele 2015</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217–218-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004217–218_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010275-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010275_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenez2004218_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenez2004">Kenez 2004</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010255-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMawdsley2010255_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMawdsley2010">Mawdsley 2010</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKenez2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kenez" title="Peter Kenez">Kenez, Peter</a> (2004). <i>Red Advance, White Defeat. Civil War in South Russia 1919-1920</i>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington DC">Washington DC</a>: New Academia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0974493457" title="Special:BookSources/0974493457"><bdi>0974493457</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Advance%2C+White+Defeat.+Civil+War+in+South+Russia+1919-1920&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=New+Academia+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0974493457&rft.aulast=Kenez&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMawdsley2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Evan_Mawdsley" title="Evan Mawdsley">Mawdsley, Evan</a> (2010). <i>Wojna domowa w Rosji 1917–1920</i> (in Polish). Translated by Monika Popławska. <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>: Bellona. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-11-11638-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-11-11638-2"><bdi>978-83-11-11638-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750846354">750846354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wojna+domowa+w+Rosji+1917%E2%80%931920&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pub=Bellona&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750846354&rft.isbn=978-83-11-11638-2&rft.aulast=Mawdsley&rft.aufirst=Evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerczyk2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Serczyk, W. (2001). <i>Historia Ukrainy</i> (in Polish). <a href="/wiki/Wroclaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Wroclaw">Wroclaw</a>: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-04-04530-3" title="Special:BookSources/83-04-04530-3"><bdi>83-04-04530-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+Ukrainy&rft.place=Wroclaw&rft.pub=Zak%C5%82ad+Narodowy+im.+Ossoli%C5%84skich&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=83-04-04530-3&rft.aulast=Serczyk&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmele2015" class="citation book cs1">Smele, J. D. (2015). <i>The "Russian" Civil Wars 1916-1926. Ten Years That Shook the World</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">C. Hurst & Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849047210" title="Special:BookSources/9781849047210"><bdi>9781849047210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%22Russian%22+Civil+Wars+1916-1926.+Ten+Years+That+Shook+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781849047210&rft.aulast=Smele&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+on+Moscow+%281919%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&oldid=1266895337">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&oldid=1266895337</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Campaigns_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Category:Campaigns of the Russian Civil War">Campaigns of the Russian Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Russian_Civil_War_in_1919" title="Category:Military operations of the Russian Civil War in 1919">Military operations of the Russian Civil War in 1919</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:July_1919_events" title="Category:July 1919 events">July 1919 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:August_1919_events" title="Category:August 1919 events">August 1919 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:September_1919_events" title="Category:September 1919 events">September 1919 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:October_1919_events" title="Category:October 1919 events">October 1919 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Soviet_Russia_(1917%E2%80%931922)" title="Category:Battles involving Soviet Russia (1917–1922)">Battles involving Soviet Russia (1917–1922)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moscow_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Category:Moscow in the Russian Civil War">Moscow in the Russian Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Volunteer_Army" title="Category:Battles involving the Volunteer Army">Battles involving the Volunteer Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Category:Battles involving the Armed Forces of South Russia">Battles involving the Armed Forces of South Russia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2022">Use dmy dates from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 January 2025, at 18:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-666cd4db5c-8lrv4","wgBackendResponseTime":144,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.449","walltime":"0.616","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6609,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":59054,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11333,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":40140,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 516.221 1 -total"," 26.32% 135.847 57 Template:Sfn"," 17.95% 92.643 1 Template:Short_description"," 15.37% 79.368 4 Template:Cite_book"," 14.65% 75.632 1 Template:Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War"," 13.98% 72.174 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 10.40% 53.712 66 Template:Main_other"," 9.67% 49.900 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 8.31% 42.889 1 Template:SDcat"," 7.35% 37.939 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.254","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6971485,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFKenez2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMawdsley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerczyk2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmele2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 4,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 16,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 5,\n [\"Ill\"] = 5,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 57,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Southern Front of the Russian Civil War\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-69c974fc68-8wd7b","timestamp":"20250102184307","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Advance on Moscow (1919)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advance_on_Moscow_(1919)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4375107","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4375107","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-10-06T17:28:38Z","dateModified":"2025-01-02T18:43:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b8\/Denikin%27s_Moscow_Offensive.svg","headline":"1919 White Army military campaign during the Russian Civil War"}</script> </body> </html>