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will</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: free will"> <meta name="keywords" content="free will"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="free will"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3460</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: free will</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3460</span> Microbial Metabolites with Ability of Anti-Free Radicals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Pu">Yu Pu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Ping%20Hsiao"> Chien-Ping Hsiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Chang%20Huang"> Chien-Chang Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chieh-Lun%20Cheng"> Chieh-Lun Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Free radicals can accelerate aging on human skin by causing lipid oxidation, protein denaturation, and even DNA mutation. Substances with the ability of anti-free radicals can be used as functional components in cosmetic products. Research are attracted to develop new anti-free radical components for cosmetic application. This study was aimed to evaluate the microbial metabolites on free radical scavenging ability. Two microorganisms, PU-01 and PU-02, were isolated from soil of hot spring environment and grew in LB agar at 50°C for 24 h. The suspension was collected by centrifugation at 4800 g for 3 min, The anti-free radical activity was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay. The result showed that the growth medium of PU-01 presented a higher DPPH scavenging effect than that of PU-02. This study presented potential anti-free radical components from microbial metabolites that might be applied in anti-aging cosmetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-ageing" title="anti-ageing">anti-ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-free%20radical" title=" anti-free radical"> anti-free radical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganism" title=" microorganism"> microorganism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122637/microbial-metabolites-with-ability-of-anti-free-radicals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3459</span> Risk Factors and Outcome of Free Tissue Transfer at a Tertiary Care Referral Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Khan">Majid Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: In this era of microsurgery, free flap holds a remarkable spot in reconstructive surgery. A free flap is well suited for composite defects as it provides sufficient and well-vascularized tissue for coverage. We report our experience with the use of the free flaps for the reconstruction of composite defects. Methods: This is a retrospective case series (chart review) of patients who underwent reconstruction of composite defects with a free flap at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (Pakistan) from January 01, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Data were collected for patient demographics, size of the defect, size of flap, recipient vessels, postoperative complications, and outcome of the free flap. Results: Over this period, 532 free flaps are included in this study. The overall success rate is 95.5%. The mean age of the patient was 44.86 years. In 532 procedures, there were 448 defects from tumor ablation of head and neck cancer. The most frequent free flap was the anterolateral thigh flap in 232 procedures. In this study, the risk factor hypertension (p=0.004) was found significant for wound dehiscence, preop radiation/chemotherapy (p=0.003), and malnutrition (p=0.005) were found significant for fistula formation. Malnutrition (p=0.02) and use of vein grafts (p=0.025) were significant factors for flap failure. Conclusion: Free tissue transfer is a reliable option for the reconstruction of large and composite defects. Hypertension, malnutrition, and preoperative radiotherapy can cause significant morbidity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20flap" title="free flap">free flap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20flap%20failure" title=" free flap failure"> free flap failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors%20for%20flap%20failure" title=" risk factors for flap failure"> risk factors for flap failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20flap%20outcome" title=" free flap outcome"> free flap outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135663/risk-factors-and-outcome-of-free-tissue-transfer-at-a-tertiary-care-referral-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3458</span> Governance and Economic Growth: Evidence for Ten Asian Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiung-Ju%20Huang">Chiung-Ju Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study utilizes a frequency domain approach over the period of 1996 to 2013 to examine the causal relationship between governance and economic growth in ten Asian countries, which have different levels of democracy; classified as “Free”, “Partly Free”, and “Not Free” countries. The empirical results show that there is no Granger causality running from governance to economic growth in “Not Free” countries and “Partly Free” countries with the exception of Singapore. As for “Free” countries such as South Korea and Taiwan, there is a one-way causality running from governance to economic growth. The findings of this study indicate that policy makers in South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore could use governance index to improve their predictions of the future economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20domain" title=" frequency domain"> frequency domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granger%20causality" title=" granger causality"> granger causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29724/governance-and-economic-growth-evidence-for-ten-asian-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3457</span> Free Residual Chlorine and Bacteriological Contamination in Addis Ababa Water Supply System, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aklilu%20Zeleke">Aklilu Zeleke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to understand the effect of wet and dry seasons on the free residual chlorine and bacteriological contamination of the Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) water supply system. Water samples were taken at 30 selected distribution points and analyzed for Free Residual Chlorine and bacteriological analysis total coliforms and fecal coliform). It was found that some of the bacteriological data and Free Residual Chlorine levels are below the recommended values and beyond the maximum tolerable limits recommended by World Health Organization and Ethiopian National Standards. Water quality during the dry season is better than that of the wet season. There is a strong relationship between Free Residual Chlorine levels in drinking water and its bacteriological quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=addis%20ababa" title="addis ababa">addis ababa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20season" title=" wet season"> wet season</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20season" title=" dry season"> dry season</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20residual%20chlorine" title=" free residual chlorine"> free residual chlorine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168079/free-residual-chlorine-and-bacteriological-contamination-in-addis-ababa-water-supply-system-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3456</span> Estimation and Validation of Free Lime Analysis of Clinker by Quantitative Phase Analysis Using X ray diffraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Palla">Suresh Palla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpna%20Sharma"> Kalpna Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Bhatnagar"> Gaurav Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Chaturvedi"> S. K. Chaturvedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20N.%20Mohapatra"> B. N. Mohapatra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining the content of free lime is especially important to judge reactivity of the raw materials and clinker quality. The free lime limit isn’t the same for all cements; it depends on several factors, especially the temperature reached during the cooking and the grain size distribution in cement after grinding. Estimation of free lime by conventional method is influenced by the presence of portlandite and misleads the actual free lime content in the clinker for quality check up conditions. To ensure the product quality according to the standard specifications in terms of within the quality limits or not, a reliable, precise, and very reproducible method to quantify the relative phase abundances in the Portland Cement clinker and Portland Cements is to use X-ray diffraction (XRD) in combination with the Rietveld method. In the present study, a methodology was proposed using XRD to validate the obtained results of free lime by conventional method. The XRD and TG/DTA results confirm the presence of portlandite in the clinker to take the decision on the obtained free lime results through conventional method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20lime" title="free lime">free lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20phase%20analysis" title=" quantitative phase analysis"> quantitative phase analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20method" title=" conventional method"> conventional method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x%20ray%20diffraction" title=" x ray diffraction"> x ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135211/estimation-and-validation-of-free-lime-analysis-of-clinker-by-quantitative-phase-analysis-using-x-ray-diffraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3455</span> Readiness Analysis of Indonesian Accountants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Listiana">Lisa Listiana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ASEAN leader agreed to accelerate ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) implementation by 2015. The AEC Blueprint has set up obligations for its members to follow which include the establishment of (a) free trade in goods, according to ASEAN Free Trade Area: AFTA, (b) free trade in services, according to ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services: AFAS, (c) free trade in investment, according to ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement: ACIA, (d) free capital flow, and (e) free flow of skilled labors. Consequently, these obligations bring both challenges and opportunities for its members. As accountant is included in the coverage of 8 skilled labors, the readiness of accounting profession to embrace AEC 2015 is pivotal. If Indonesian accountants do not accelerate their learning effort, the knowledge gap between Indonesian accountants and their international colleagues will only be worsened. This paper aims to analyze the current progress of AEC preparation and its challenges and opportunities for Indonesian accountants, and also to propose recommendation as necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEC" title="AEC">AEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN" title=" ASEAN"> ASEAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readiness" title=" readiness"> readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20accountants" title=" Indonesian accountants "> Indonesian accountants </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19961/readiness-analysis-of-indonesian-accountants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3454</span> Development of Low Glycemic Gluten Free Bread from Barnyard Millet and Lentil Flour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemalatha%20Ganapathyswamy">Hemalatha Ganapathyswamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thirukkumar%20Subramani"> Thirukkumar Subramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Celiac disease is an autoimmune response to dietary wheat gluten. Gluten is the main structure forming protein in bread and hence developing gluten-free bread is a technological challenge. The study aims at using nonwheat flours like barnyard millet and lentil flour to replace wheat in bread formulations. Other characteristics of these grains, such as high protein, soluble fiber, mineral content and bioactive components make them attractive alternatives to traditional gluten-free ingredients in the production of high protein, gluten-free bread. The composite flour formulations for the development of gluten-free bread were optimized using lentil flour (50 to 70 g), barnyard millet flour (0 to 30 g) and corn flour (0 to 30 g) by means of response surface methodology with various independent variables for physical, sensorial and nutritional characteristics. The optimized composite flour which had a desirability value of 0.517, included lentil flour –62.94 g, barnyard millet flour– 24.34 g and corn flour– 12.72 g with overall acceptability score 8.00/9.00. The optimized gluten-free bread formulation had high protein (14.99g/100g) and fiber (1.95g/100g) content. The glycemic index of the gluten-free bread was 54.58 rendering it as low glycemic which enhances the functional benefit of the gluten-free bread. Since the standardised gluten-free bread from barnyard millet and lentil flour are high protein, and gluten-free with low glycemic index, the product would serve as an ideal therapeutic food in the management of both celiac disease and diabetes mellitus with better nutritional value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten%20free%20bread" title="gluten free bread">gluten free bread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lentil" title=" lentil"> lentil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20glycemic%20index" title=" low glycemic index"> low glycemic index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85205/development-of-low-glycemic-gluten-free-bread-from-barnyard-millet-and-lentil-flour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3453</span> Characteristic of Gluten-Free Products: Latvian Consumer Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laila%20Ozola">Laila Ozola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evita%20Straumite"> Evita Straumite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, a protein occurring in wheat, rye and barley. The only way of the effective daily treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. From the investigation of products available in the local market, it was found that Latvian producers do not offer gluten-free products. The aim of this research was to study and analyze changes of celiac patient’s attitude to gluten-free product quality and availability in the Latvian market and purchasing habits. The survey was designed using website www.visidati.lv, and a questionnaire was sent to people suffering from celiac disease. The first time the respondents were asked to fill in the questionnaire in 2011, but now repeatedly from the beginning of September 2013 till the end of January 2014. The questionnaire was performed with 75 celiac patients, respondents were from all Latvian regions and they answered 16 questions. One of the most important questions was aimed to find out consumers’ opinion about quality of gluten-free products, consumption patterns of gluten-free products, and, moreover, their interest in products made in Latvia. Respondents were asked to name gluten-free products they mainly buy and give specific purchase locations, evaluate the quality of products and necessity for products produced in Latvia. The results of questionnaire show that the consumers are satisfied with the quality of gluten-free flour, flour blends, sweets and pasta, but are not satisfied with the quality of bread and confectionery available in the Latvian markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers" title="consumers">consumers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten-free%20products" title=" gluten-free products"> gluten-free products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7663/characteristic-of-gluten-free-products-latvian-consumer-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3452</span> Study of Bored Pile Retaining Wall Using Physical Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Eslami">Amin Eslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Bolouri%20Bazaz"> Jafar Bolouri Bazaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excavation and retaining walls are of challenging issues in civil engineering. In this study, the behavior of one the important type of supporting systems called Contiguous Bored Pile (CBP) retaining wall is investigated using a physical model. Besides, a comparison is made between two modes of free end piles(soft bed) and fixed end piles (stiff bed). Also a back calculation of effective length (the real free length of pile) is done by measuring lateral deflection of piles in different stages of excavation in both a forementioned cases. Based on observed results, for the fixed end mode, the effective length to free length ratio (Leff/L0) is equal to unity in initial stages of excavation and less than 1 in its final stages in a decreasing manner. While this ratio for free end mode, remains constant during all stages of excavation and is always less than unity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contiguous%20bored%20pile%20wall" title="contiguous bored pile wall">contiguous bored pile wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20length" title=" effective length"> effective length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20end" title=" fixed end"> fixed end</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20end" title=" free end"> free end</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20length" title=" free length"> free length</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19410/study-of-bored-pile-retaining-wall-using-physical-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3451</span> Improving Physicochemical Properties of Milk Powder and Lactose-Free Milk Powder with the Prebiotic Carrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanunya%20Fahwan">Chanunya Fahwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supat%20Chaiyakul"> Supat Chaiyakul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lactose-free diet is imperative for those with lactose intolerance and experiencing milk intolerance. This entails eliminating milk-based products, which may result in dietary and nutritional challenges and the main problems of Lactose hydrolyzed milk powder during production were the adhesion in the drying chamber and low-yield and low-quality powder. The use of lactose-free milk to produce lactose-free milk powder was studied here. Development of two milk powder formulas from cow's milk and lactose-free cow's milk by using a substitute for maltodextrin, Polydextrose (PDX), Resistant Starch (RS), Cellobiose (CB), and Resistant Maltodextrin (RMD) to improve quality and reduce the glycemic index from maltodextrin, which are carriers that were used in industry at three experimental levels 10%, 15% and 20% the properties of milk powder were studied such as color, moisture content, percentage yield (%yield) and solubility index. The experiment revealed that prebiotic carriers could replace maltodextrin and improve quality, such as solubility and percentage yield, and enriched nutrients, such as dietary fiber. CB, RMD, and PDX are three possible carriers, which are applied to both regular cow's milk formula and lactose-free cow milk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose-free%20milk%20powder" title="lactose-free milk powder">lactose-free milk powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prebiotic%20carrier" title=" prebiotic carrier"> prebiotic carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-particle" title=" co-particle"> co-particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycemic%20index" title=" glycemic index"> glycemic index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181574/improving-physicochemical-properties-of-milk-powder-and-lactose-free-milk-powder-with-the-prebiotic-carrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3450</span> Programming with Grammars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20M.%20Maurer%20Maurer">Peter M. Maurer Maurer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DGL is a context free grammar-based tool for generating random data. Many types of simulator input data require some computation to be placed in the proper format. For example, it might be necessary to generate ordered triples in which the third element is the sum of the first two elements, or it might be necessary to generate random numbers in some sorted order. Although DGL is universal in computational power, generating these types of data is extremely difficult. To overcome this problem, we have enhanced DGL to include features that permit direct computation within the structure of a context free grammar. The features have been implemented as special types of productions, preserving the context free flavor of DGL specifications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DGL" title="DGL">DGL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enhanced%20Context%20Free%20Grammars" title=" Enhanced Context Free Grammars"> Enhanced Context Free Grammars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Programming%20Constructs" title=" Programming Constructs"> Programming Constructs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Random%20Data%20Generation" title=" Random Data Generation"> Random Data Generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129615/programming-with-grammars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3449</span> CFD Study of Free Surface Flows Resulting from a Dam-Breaking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Ben%20Hamza">Sonia Ben Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabra%20Habli"> Sabra Habli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nejla%20Mahjoub%20Sa%C3%AFd"> Nejla Mahjoub Saïd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herv%C3%A9%20Bournot"> Hervé Bournot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georges%20Le%20Palec"> Georges Le Palec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Free surface flows caused by dam breaks in channels or rivers is an attention-getting subject to the engineering practice, however, the studies are few to be reported. In this paper, a numerical investigation of unsteady free surface flows resulting from a dam-breaking in a rectangular channel is studied. Numerical computations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent which is based on the finite volume approach. The air/water interface was modeled with the volume of fluid method (VOF). Verification for a typical dam-break problem is analyzed by comparing the present results with others and very good agreement is obtained. The present approach is then used to predict the characteristics of free surface flow due to the dam breaking in channel. The characteristics of complex unsteady free surface flow in these examples are clearly explained. The numerical results show that the flow became more disturbed after impacting the vertical wall, then a recirculation zone, as well as turbulence phenomena, were created. At this instant, a cavity of air was included on the flow. The results agree well with the experimental data found in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam-break" title=" dam-break"> dam-break</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20surface" title=" free surface"> free surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flows" title=" turbulent flows"> turbulent flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOF" title=" VOF"> VOF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42603/cfd-study-of-free-surface-flows-resulting-from-a-dam-breaking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3448</span> Out-of-Plane Free Vibrations of Circular Rods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faruk%20Firat%20%C3%87alim">Faruk Firat Çalim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurullah%20Karaca"> Nurullah Karaca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakan%20Tacettin%20T%C3%BCrker"> Hakan Tacettin Türker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, out-of-plane free vibrations of a circular rods is investigated theoretically. The governing equations for naturally twisted and curved spatial rods are obtained using Timoshenko beam theory and rewritten for circular rods. Effects of the axial and shear deformations are considered in the formulations. Ordinary differential equations in scalar form are solved analytically by using transfer matrix method. The circular rods of the mass matrix are obtained by using straight rod of consistent mass matrix. Free vibrations frequencies obtained by solving eigenvalue problem. A computer program coded in MATHEMATICA language is prepared. Circular beams are analyzed through various examples for free vibrations analysis. Results are compared with ANSYS results based on finite element method and available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20rod" title="circular rod">circular rod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-plane%20free%20vibration%20analysis" title=" out-of-plane free vibration analysis"> out-of-plane free vibration analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix%20method" title=" transfer matrix method"> transfer matrix method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29528/out-of-plane-free-vibrations-of-circular-rods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3447</span> Production of Gluten-Free Bread Using Emulsifying Salts and Rennet Casein</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Morina">A. Morina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20%C3%96.%20Muti"> S. Ö. Muti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk"> M. Öztürk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Celiac disease is a chronic intestinal disease observed in individuals with gluten intolerance. In this study, our aim was to create a protein matrix to mimic the functional properties of gluten. For this purpose, rennet casein and four emulsifying salts (disodium phosphate (DSP), tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)) were investigated in gluten-free bread manufacture. Compositional, textural, and visual properties of the gluten-free bread dough and gluten-free breads were investigated by a two–level factorial experimental design with two-star points (α = 1.414) and two replicates of the center point. Manufacturing gluten-free bread with rennet casein and SHMP significantly increased the bread volume (P < 0.0001, R² = 97.8). In general, utilization of rennet casein with DSP and SAPP increased bread hardness while no difference was observed in samples manufactured with TSPP and SHMP. Except for TSPP, bread color was improved by the utilization of rennet casein and DSP, SAPP, and SHMP combinations. In conclusion, it is possible to manufacture gluten-free bread with acceptable texture and color by rennet casein and SHMP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celiac%20disease" title="celiac disease">celiac disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten-free%20bread" title=" gluten-free bread"> gluten-free bread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsified%20salts" title=" emulsified salts"> emulsified salts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rennet%20casein" title=" rennet casein"> rennet casein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20flour" title=" rice flour"> rice flour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147585/production-of-gluten-free-bread-using-emulsifying-salts-and-rennet-casein" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3446</span> Efficient Alias-Free Level Crossing Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Riazifar">Negar Riazifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20G.%20Stocks"> Nigel G. Stocks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes strategies in level crossing (LC) sampling and reconstruction that provide alias-free high-fidelity signal reconstruction for speech signals without exponentially increasing sample number with increasing bit-depth. We introduce methods in LC sampling that reduce the sampling rate close to the Nyquist frequency even for large bit-depth. The results indicate that larger variation in the sampling intervals leads to an alias-free sampling scheme; this is achieved by either reducing the bit-depth or adding jitter to the system for high bit-depths. In conjunction with windowing, the signal is reconstructed from the LC samples using an efficient Toeplitz reconstruction algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alias-free" title="alias-free">alias-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20crossing%20sampling" title=" level crossing sampling"> level crossing sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum"> spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric%20polynomial" title=" trigonometric polynomial"> trigonometric polynomial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136144/efficient-alias-free-level-crossing-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3445</span> Dam Break Model Using Navier-Stokes Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Lohrasbi">Alireza Lohrasbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Lavaei"> Alireza Lavaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadali%20M.%20Shahlaei"> Mohammadali M. Shahlaei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The liquid flow and the free surface shape during the initial stage of dam breaking are investigated. A numerical scheme is developed to predict the wave of an unsteady, incompressible viscous flow with free surface. The method involves a two dimensional finite element (2D), in a vertical plan. The Naiver-Stokes equations for conservation of momentum and mass for Newtonian fluids, continuity equation, and full nonlinear kinematic free-surface equation were used as the governing equations. The mapping developed to solve highly deformed free surface problems common in waves formed during wave propagation, transforms the run up model from the physical domain to a computational domain with Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) finite element modeling technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam%20break" title="dam break">dam break</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naiver-Stokes%20equations" title=" Naiver-Stokes equations"> Naiver-Stokes equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-surface%20flows" title=" free-surface flows"> free-surface flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arbitrary%20Lagrangian-Eulerian" title=" Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian"> Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53233/dam-break-model-using-navier-stokes-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3444</span> S-S Coupling of Thiols to Disulfides Using Ionic Liquid in the Presence of Free Nano Fe2O3 Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Askar%20Sabet">Askar Sabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolrasoul%20Fakhraee"> Abdolrasoul Fakhraee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motahahre%20Ramezanpour"> Motahahre Ramezanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noorallah%20Alipour"> Noorallah Alipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An efficient and green method for oxidation of thiols to the corresponding disulfides is reported using ionic liquid [HSO3N(C2H4OSO3H)3] in the presence of free nano-Fe2O3 at 60°C. Ionic liquid is selective oxidant for S-S Coupling variety aliphatic and aromatic of thiols to corresponding disulfide in the presence of free nano-Fe2O3 as recoverable catalyst. Reaction has been performed in methanol as an inexpensive solvent. This reaction is clean and easy work-up with no side reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiol" title="thiol">thiol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disulfide" title=" disulfide"> disulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20nano-Fe2O3" title=" free nano-Fe2O3"> free nano-Fe2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling" title=" coupling"> coupling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16556/s-s-coupling-of-thiols-to-disulfides-using-ionic-liquid-in-the-presence-of-free-nano-fe2o3-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3443</span> Using Derivative Free Method to Improve the Error Estimation of Numerical Quadrature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Yun%20Chen">Chin-Yun Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical integration is an essential tool for deriving different physical quantities in engineering and science. The effectiveness of a numerical integrator depends on different factors, where the crucial one is the error estimation. This work presents an error estimator that combines a derivative free method to improve the performance of verified numerical quadrature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20quadrature" title="numerical quadrature">numerical quadrature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20estimation" title=" error estimation"> error estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derivative%20free%20method" title=" derivative free method"> derivative free method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20computation" title=" interval computation "> interval computation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17210/using-derivative-free-method-to-improve-the-error-estimation-of-numerical-quadrature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3442</span> Formulating the Stochastic Finite Elements for Free Vibration Analysis of Plates with Variable Elastic Modulus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Aghamiri%20Esfahani">Mojtaba Aghamiri Esfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Karkon"> Mohammad Karkon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Majid%20Hosseini%20Nezhad"> Seyed Majid Hosseini Nezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Hosseini-Ara"> Reza Hosseini-Ara </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of uncertainty in elastic modulus of a plate on free vibration response is investigated. For this purpose, the elastic modulus of the plate is modeled as stochastic variable with normal distribution. Moreover, the distance autocorrelation function is used for stochastic field. Then, by applying the finite element method and Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic finite element relations are extracted. Finally, with a numerical test, the effect of uncertainty in the elastic modulus on free vibration response of a plate is studied. The results show that the effect of uncertainty in elastic modulus of the plate cannot play an important role on the free vibration response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20finite%20elements" title="stochastic finite elements">stochastic finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20bending" title=" plate bending"> plate bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title=" Monte Carlo"> Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann%20expansion%20method." title=" Neumann expansion method. "> Neumann expansion method. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45285/formulating-the-stochastic-finite-elements-for-free-vibration-analysis-of-plates-with-variable-elastic-modulus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3441</span> The Free Vibration Analysis of Honeycomb Sandwich Beam using 3D and Continuum Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCrkan%20%C5%9Eakar">Gürkan Şakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fevzi%20%C3%87akmak%20Bolat"> Fevzi Çakmak Bolat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study free vibration analysis of aluminum honeycomb sandwich structures were carried out experimentally and numerically. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of sandwich structures fabricated with different configurations for clamped-free boundary condition were determined. The effects of lower and upper face sheet thickness, the core material thickness, cell diameter, cell angle and foil thickness on the vibration characteristics were examined. The numerical studies were performed with ANSYS package. While the sandwich structures were modeled in ANSYS the continuum model was used. Later, the numerical results were compared with the experimental findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20structure" title="sandwich structure">sandwich structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numeric%20analysis" title=" numeric analysis"> numeric analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20model" title=" 3D model"> 3D model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuum%20model" title=" continuum model"> continuum model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31180/the-free-vibration-analysis-of-honeycomb-sandwich-beam-using-3d-and-continuum-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3440</span> Experimental and Finite Element Forming Limit Diagrams for Interstitial Free Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basavaraj%20Vadavadagi">Basavaraj Vadavadagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satishkumar%20Shekhawat"> Satishkumar Shekhawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interstitial free steels posses better formability and have many applications in automotive industries. Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) indicate the formability of materials which can be determined by experimental and finite element (FE) simulations. FLDs were determined experimentally by LDH test, utilizing optical strain measurement system for measuring the strains in different width specimens and by FE simulations in Interstitial Free (IF) and Interstitial Free High Strength (IFHS) steels. In this study, the experimental and FE simulated FLDs are compared and also the stress based FLDs were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20limit%20diagram" title="forming limit diagram">forming limit diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limiting%20dome%20height" title=" limiting dome height"> limiting dome height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20strain%20measurement" title=" optical strain measurement"> optical strain measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interstitial" title=" interstitial"> interstitial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3534/experimental-and-finite-element-forming-limit-diagrams-for-interstitial-free-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3439</span> Lead Free BNT-BKT-BMgT-CoFe₂O₄ Magnetoelectric Nanoparticulate Composite Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Paul">A. K. Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar"> Vinod Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lead free magnetoelectric (ME) nanoparticulate (1−x) BNT-BKT-BMgT−x CFO (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) composite films were synthesized using chemical solution deposition method. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveal that CFO nanoparticles were well distributed in the matrix of BNT-BKT-BMgT. The nanocomposite films exhibit both good magnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature (R-T). It is concluded that the modulation in compositions of piezomagnetic/piezoelectric components plays a fundamental role in the magnetoelectric coupling in these nanoparticulate composite films. These ME composites provide a great opportunity as potential lead-free systems for ME devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20free%20multiferroic" title="lead free multiferroic">lead free multiferroic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroelectric" title=" ferroelectric"> ferroelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferromagnetic%20and%20magneto-electric%20properties" title=" ferromagnetic and magneto-electric properties"> ferromagnetic and magneto-electric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119511/lead-free-bnt-bkt-bmgt-cofe2o4-magnetoelectric-nanoparticulate-composite-thin-films-prepared-by-chemical-solution-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3438</span> Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Green Chlorine-Free Coagulants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huihui%20Zhang">Huihui Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongzhi%20Zhang"> Zhongzhi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coagulation/flocculation is regarded a simple and effective wastewater treatment technology. Chlorine-containing coagulants may release chloride ions into the wastewater, causing corrosion. A green chlorine-free coagulant of polyaluminum ferric silicate (PSAF) was prepared by the copolymerization method to treat oily refractory wastewaters. Results showed that the highest removal efficiency of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) achieved 97.4% and 93.0% at a dosage of 700 mg/L, respectively. After PSAF coagulation, the chloride ion concentration was also almost the same as that in the raw wastewater. Thus, the chlorine-free coagulant is highly efficient and does not introduce additional chloride ions into the wastewater, avoiding corrosion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation" title="coagulation">coagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloride-free%20coagulant" title=" chloride-free coagulant"> chloride-free coagulant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oily%20refractory%20wastewater" title=" oily refractory wastewater"> oily refractory wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation%20performance" title=" coagulation performance"> coagulation performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138079/preparation-and-performance-evaluation-of-green-chlorine-free-coagulants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3437</span> Modeling the Elastic Mean Free Path of Electron Collision with Pyrimidine: The Screen Corrected Additivity Rule Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aouina%20Nabila%20Yasmina">Aouina Nabila Yasmina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoui%20Zine%20El%20Abiddine"> Chaoui Zine El Abiddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the elastic mean free path (EMFP) of electrons colliding with pyrimidine, a precursor to the pyrimidine bases in DNA, employing the Screen Corrected Additivity Rule (SCAR) method. The SCAR method is introduced as a novel approach that combines classical and quantum mechanical principles to elucidate the interaction of electrons with pyrimidine. One of the most fundamental properties characterizing the propagation of a particle in the nuclear medium is its mean free path. Knowledge of the elastic mean free path is essential to accurately predict the effects of radiation on biological matter, as it contributes to the distances between collisions. Additionally, the mean free path plays a role in the interpretation of almost all experiments in which an excited electron moves through a solid. Pyrimidine, the precursor of the pyrimidine bases of DNA, has interesting physicochemical properties, which make it an interesting molecule to study from a fundamental point of view. These include a relatively large dipole polarizability and dipole moment and an electronic charge cloud with a significant spatial extension, which justifies its choice in this present study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20mean%20free%20path" title="elastic mean free path">elastic mean free path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20collision" title=" elastic collision"> elastic collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrimidine" title=" pyrimidine"> pyrimidine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCAR" title=" SCAR"> SCAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179786/modeling-the-elastic-mean-free-path-of-electron-collision-with-pyrimidine-the-screen-corrected-additivity-rule-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3436</span> A Distribution Free Test for Censored Matched Pairs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Baklizi">Ayman Baklizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the problem of testing hypotheses about the lifetime distributions of a matched pair based on censored data. A distribution free test based on a runs statistic is proposed. Its null distribution and power function are found in a simple convenient form. Some properties of the test statistic and its power function are studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=censored%20data" title="censored data">censored data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20free" title=" distribution free"> distribution free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matched%20pair" title=" matched pair"> matched pair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runs%20statistics" title=" runs statistics "> runs statistics </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2232/a-distribution-free-test-for-censored-matched-pairs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3435</span> Quinoa Choux Cream Gluten Free</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Autumporn%20Buranapongphan">Autumporn Buranapongphan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketsirin%20Meethong"> Ketsirin Meethong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phukan%20Pahaphom"> Phukan Pahaphom </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research is aim to study the standard formula of choux cream recipe. Formulation of choux cream were used gluten free as a replacer with flour in choux dough, quinoa milk in cream and shelf life on product. The results showed the acceptance test using 30 target consumers revealed that liking of choux dough with water 34%, egg 30% flour 19% butter 16% baking powder 1% and cream with milk 68% sugar 13% butter 6.8% egg 4.5% and vanilla 0.9%. The gluten free exhibited the formulation of dough is rice flour 12% potato starch 26% tapioca 7.7% and quinoa flour 4.3%. The ratio of corn flour at 40% had significant effects on liking of viscosity for quinoa cream. During storage by Total viable count (TVA) were kept in room temperature for 8 hours and chilled for 18 hours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choux%20cream" title="choux cream">choux cream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten%20free" title=" gluten free"> gluten free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinoa" title=" quinoa"> quinoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dough" title=" dough"> dough</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31569/quinoa-choux-cream-gluten-free" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3434</span> Numerical Investigation of the Integration of a Micro-Combustor with a Free Piston Stirling Engine in an Energy Recovery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodeji%20Sowale">Ayodeji Sowale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20Kolios"> Athanasios Kolios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Fidalgo"> Beatriz Fidalgo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tosin%20Somorin"> Tosin Somorin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aikaterini%20Anastasopoulou"> Aikaterini Anastasopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alison%20Parker"> Alison Parker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leon%20Williams"> Leon Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewan%20McAdam"> Ewan McAdam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Tyrrel"> Sean Tyrrel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, energy recovery systems are thriving and raising attention in the power generation sector, due to the request for cleaner forms of energy that are friendly and safe for the environment. This has created an avenue for cogeneration, where Combined Heat and Power (CHP) technologies have been recognised for their feasibility, and use in homes and small-scale businesses. The efficiency of combustors and the advantages of the free piston Stirling engines over other conventional engines in terms of output power and efficiency, have been observed and considered. This study presents the numerical analysis of a micro-combustor with a free piston Stirling engine in an integrated model of a Nano Membrane Toilet (NMT) unit. The NMT unit will use the micro-combustor to produce waste heat of high energy content from the combustion of human waste and the heat generated will power the free piston Stirling engine which will be connected to a linear alternator for electricity production. The thermodynamic influence of the combustor on the free piston Stirling engine was observed, based on the heat transfer from the flue gas to working gas of the free piston Stirling engine. The results showed that with an input of 25 MJ/kg of faecal matter, and flue gas temperature of 773 K from the micro-combustor, the free piston Stirling engine generates a daily output power of 428 W, at thermal efficiency of 10.7% with engine speed of 1800 rpm. An experimental investigation into the integration of the micro-combustor and free piston Stirling engine with the NMT unit is currently underway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20piston%20stirling%20engine" title="free piston stirling engine">free piston stirling engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-combustor" title=" micro-combustor"> micro-combustor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20membrane%20toilet" title=" nano membrane toilet"> nano membrane toilet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84045/numerical-investigation-of-the-integration-of-a-micro-combustor-with-a-free-piston-stirling-engine-in-an-energy-recovery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3433</span> Different Formula of Mixed Bacteria as a Bio-Treatment for Sewage Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Marei">E. Marei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hammad"> A. Hammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ismail"> S. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Gindy"> A. El-Gindy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the ability of different formula of mixed bacteria as a biological treatments of wastewater after primary treatment as a bio-treatment and bio-removal and bio-adsorbent of different heavy metals in natural circumstances. The wastewater was collected from Sarpium forest site-Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. These treatments were mixture of free cells and mixture of immobilized cells of different bacteria. These different formulas of mixed bacteria were prepared under Lab. condition. The obtained data indicated that, as a result of wastewater bio-treatment, the removal rate was found to be 76.92 and 76.70% for biological oxygen demand, 79.78 and 71.07% for chemical oxygen demand, 32.45 and 36.84 % for ammonia nitrogen as well as 91.67 and 50.0% for phosphate after 24 and 28 hrs with mixed free cells and mixed immobilized cells, respectively. Moreover, the bio-removals of different heavy metals were found to reach 90.0 and 50. 0% for Cu ion, 98.0 and 98.5% for Fe ion, 97.0 and 99.3% for Mn ion, 90.0 and 90.0% Pb, 80.0% and 75.0% for Zn ion after 24 and 28 hrs with mixed free cells and mixed immobilized cells, respectively. The results indicated that 13.86 and 17.43% of removal efficiency and reduction of total dissolved solids were achieved after 24 and 28 hrs with mixed free cells and mixed immobilized cells, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20%20bio-treatment" title="wastewater bio-treatment ">wastewater bio-treatment </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-sorption%20heavy%20metals" title=" bio-sorption heavy metals"> bio-sorption heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20desalination" title=" biological desalination"> biological desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilized%20bacteria" title=" immobilized bacteria"> immobilized bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20cell%20bacteria" title=" free cell bacteria"> free cell bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88568/different-formula-of-mixed-bacteria-as-a-bio-treatment-for-sewage-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3432</span> Comparison of Bioactive Compound Content in Egg Yolk Oil Extracted from Eggs Obtained from Different Laying Hen Housing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandrs%20Kovalcuks">Aleksandrs Kovalcuks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egg yolk oil is a natural source of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, oil soluble vitamins, pigments and others. Bioactive compound content in egg yolk oil depends from its content in eggs, from which oil was extracted. Many studies show that bioactive compound content in egg is correlated to the content of these compounds in hen feed, but there is also an opinion that hen housing systems also have influence on egg chemical content. The aim of this study was to determine which factor, laying hen housing system or hen diet, has a primary influence on bioactive compound content in egg yolk oil. The egg yolk oil was extracted from eggs obtained from 4 different hen housing systems: cage, barn and two groups of free range. All hens were fed with commercially produced compound feed except one group of free range hens which get free diet – pastured hens. Extracted egg yolk oils were analyzed for fatty acids, oil soluble vitamins and β-carotene content. α-tocopherol, ergocalcipherol and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in egg yolk oil was higher from eggs obtained from all housing systems where hens were fed with commercial compound feed. β-carotene and retinol content in egg yolk oils from free range free diet eggs was significantly (p>0.05) higher that from other eggs because hens have access to green forage. Hen physical activity in free range housing systems decreases content of some bioactive compound in egg yolk oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20yolk%20oil" title="egg yolk oil">egg yolk oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamins" title=" vitamins"> vitamins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caged%20eggs" title=" caged eggs"> caged eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20range" title=" free range"> free range</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21132/comparison-of-bioactive-compound-content-in-egg-yolk-oil-extracted-from-eggs-obtained-from-different-laying-hen-housing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3431</span> Model Free Terminal Sliding Mode with Gravity Compensation: Application to an Exoskeleton-Upper Limb System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Bembli">Sana Bembli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahla%20Khraief%20Haddad"> Nahla Khraief Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safya%20Belghith"> Safya Belghith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a robust model free terminal sliding mode with gravity compensation approach used to control an exoskeleton-upper limb system. The considered system is a 2-DoF robot in interaction with an upper limb used for rehabilitation. The aim of this paper is to control the flexion/extension movement of the shoulder and the elbow joints in presence of matched disturbances. In the first part, we present the exoskeleton-upper limb system modeling. Then, we controlled the considered system by the model free terminal sliding mode with gravity compensation. A stability study is realized. To prove the controller performance, a robustness analysis was needed. Simulation results are provided to confirm the robustness of the gravity compensation combined with to the Model free terminal sliding mode in presence of uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton-%20upper%20limb%20system" title="exoskeleton- upper limb system">exoskeleton- upper limb system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20free%20terminal%20sliding%20mode" title=" model free terminal sliding mode"> model free terminal sliding mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20compensation" title=" gravity compensation"> gravity compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness%20analysis" title=" robustness analysis"> robustness analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129467/model-free-terminal-sliding-mode-with-gravity-compensation-application-to-an-exoskeleton-upper-limb-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20will&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20will&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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