CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Gísla saga Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="1kqPnxtkWZ0L0LBfuEY3EopA3uzg4hrRW9ECFOcsd-mei4-jPxXGRKDrq067BWA6Jxg_yYdjx7Egnc_jGe52Zw" /> <link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Gísla saga Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9bccae6c983d47cf1ce193ed94e1b2574fbaaeff'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14023,"monthly_visitors":"102 million","monthly_visitor_count":102584291,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":102,"user_count":283376264,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740158337000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740158337000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-b42d48e01e9cb3bf5ae55ea154ab7133fe47240c1d7c59b0249065c67d6f65ab.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f3fdf92d2e211a3fd7a717a75adb7bf4af30f5d7651964d9f223129f218112cd.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Gísla saga</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Gísla saga</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Gisla_saga">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27814331" data-work_id="27814331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27814331/_Gender_Violence_and_the_Enigma_of_G%C3%ADsla_saga_Journal_of_English_and_Germanic_Philology_JEGP_115_3_2016_277_98">“Gender, Violence, and the ‘Enigma’ of Gísla saga.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology [JEGP] 115.3 (2016): 277-98.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gísla saga has often been described as “enigmatic,” and the riddles posed by Iceland’s best-known murder-mystery indeed appear irresolvable. At least equally puzzling, I suggest, is Gisli’s “confession” of his subsequent act of vengeance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27814331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gísla saga has often been described as “enigmatic,” and the riddles posed by Iceland’s best-known murder-mystery indeed appear irresolvable. At least equally puzzling, I suggest, is Gisli’s “confession” of his subsequent act of vengeance through an obscure bit of skaldic verse, which has not received similar attention. Setting aside the psychological and forensic approaches traditionally brought to bear on the saga’s persistent enigmas, I offer that Gisli's “confession” forms the crux of an unnoted narrative structure, made plain by the saga’s treatment of  medieval Icelandic concepts of masculinity and femininity. In so doing, I identify an undetected analogue in Norse myth to the events that precipitate the saga’s “whodunit,” as well as reexamine widely-held assumptions about the view of gender enunciated in the saga, particularly as articulated in Carol Clover‘s seminal 1993 article, “Regardless of Sex.”</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27814331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0182c6827150caedc6bb0639fa16ec4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55629044,"asset_id":27814331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55629044/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30960084" href="https://purdue.academia.edu/JeffreyTurco">Jeffrey Turco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30960084" type="text/json">{"id":30960084,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Turco","domain_name":"purdue","page_name":"JeffreyTurco","display_name":"Jeffrey Turco","profile_url":"https://purdue.academia.edu/JeffreyTurco?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30960084/9062293/17532798/s65_jeffrey.turco.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27814331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27814331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27814331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27814331", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27814331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27814331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27814331"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27814331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27814331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27814331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27814331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27814331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27814331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27814331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="975" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender">Sex and Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="975" type="text/json">{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27814331]'), work: {"id":27814331,"title":"“Gender, Violence, and the ‘Enigma’ of Gísla saga.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology [JEGP] 115.3 (2016): 277-98.","created_at":"2016-08-16T09:39:16.233-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27814331/_Gender_Violence_and_the_Enigma_of_G%C3%ADsla_saga_Journal_of_English_and_Germanic_Philology_JEGP_115_3_2016_277_98?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_27814331","summary":"Gísla saga has often been described as “enigmatic,” and the riddles posed by Iceland’s best-known murder-mystery indeed appear irresolvable. At least equally puzzling, I suggest, is Gisli’s “confession” of his subsequent act of vengeance through an obscure bit of skaldic verse, which has not received similar attention. Setting aside the psychological and forensic approaches traditionally brought to bear on the saga’s persistent enigmas, I offer that Gisli's “confession” forms the crux of an unnoted narrative structure, made plain by the saga’s treatment of medieval Icelandic concepts of masculinity and femininity. In so doing, I identify an undetected analogue in Norse myth to the events that precipitate the saga’s “whodunit,” as well as reexamine widely-held assumptions about the view of gender enunciated in the saga, particularly as articulated in Carol Clover‘s seminal 1993 article, “Regardless of Sex.”","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55629044,"asset_id":27814331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30960084,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Turco","domain_name":"purdue","page_name":"JeffreyTurco","display_name":"Jeffrey Turco","profile_url":"https://purdue.academia.edu/JeffreyTurco?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30960084/9062293/17532798/s65_jeffrey.turco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":11798,"name":"Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":14998,"name":"Gender and Sexuality Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality_Studies?f_ri=238451"},{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=238451"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451"},{"id":20437,"name":"Gender And Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_And_Violence?f_ri=238451"},{"id":21756,"name":"Gendered Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gendered_Violence?f_ri=238451"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":45716,"name":"Iceland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iceland?f_ri=238451"},{"id":48165,"name":"Gender based violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_based_violence?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=238451"},{"id":70300,"name":"Old Norse literature and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_literature_and_culture?f_ri=238451"},{"id":151031,"name":"The reception of Old Norse Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_reception_of_Old_Norse_Myth?f_ri=238451"},{"id":169215,"name":"Old Norse Sorcery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Sorcery?f_ri=238451"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":273472,"name":"Old Norse heroic saga and eddaic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_heroic_saga_and_eddaic_literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":447834,"name":"Gender-Based Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender-Based_Violence?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_964628" data-work_id="964628" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/964628/The_Inner_Exiles_Outlaws_and_Scapegoating_process_in_Grettis_saga_%C3%81smundarsonar_and_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar">The Inner Exiles. Outlaws and Scapegoating process in Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Was Icelandic outlawry exceptional? The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry has been widely studied and commented by scholars (Spoelstra, 1938), either by following indications from the Grágás or through the use of literary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_964628" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Was Icelandic outlawry exceptional? The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry has been widely studied and commented by scholars (Spoelstra, 1938), either by following indications from the Grágás or through the use of literary examples spread in the sagas (Frederic Amory, 1992). As main characters of a narrative, Grettir and Gísli were allusively compared through the theme of home and homelessness in medieval Iceland (Miller, 2004), or connected with other tales about outlaws from Europe gathered in the so-called «Matter of Greenwood» (Maurice Keen, 1987), or even supposed to belong to a large Anglo-Norse common tradition on outlaws (Joost De Lange, 1935). However, the two stories have been so far mainly discussed in connection with other tales on outlaws from Europe, but surprisingly not very often together. Grounded on historical, literary and anthropological views, this thesis will attempt to relocate the two sagas in their specific Icelandic context and underline the specific nature of the Icelandic full outlawry as well as its consequences in the narrative. While being banned from the community in continental Europe allowed a man to start a new life in another place, Icelandic outlaws were excluded<br />from the social space of the island, yet kept inside (oferjanði). Why keep trouble-makers inside the enclosed space of the island instead of forcing them to leave the place definitely, as it was the case with sentences to lesser outlawry? The fact to be stuck on the island but out of the public scene leads to the creation of new original and individualized narrative spaces: the haunted wilderness for Grettir, the haunted dreams for Gísli. Through the analysis of the concepts of exile and liminality, this study defines the space the outlaw is forced to occupy (out and under) and teases out the picture of an “inner-exile”, both cause and consequence of outlawry. This inner exile is revealed through a contrastive narrative process, a common structure in the two sagas. From this analysis, the theory of the scapegoat (René Girard, 1982) is discussed and will help to understand the ambiguity held towards outlaws: hunted down and feared, they are nevertheless admired by and useful for the society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/964628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b41f3830efc1b1e0c1cbfc98ee661ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5896187,"asset_id":964628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5896187/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="800839" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez">Marion Poilvez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="800839" type="text/json">{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_964628 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="964628"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 964628, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_964628", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_964628 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 964628; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_964628"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_964628 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="964628"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 964628; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=964628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_964628").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_964628").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="964628"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liminality">Liminality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9802" type="text/json">{"id":9802,"name":"Liminality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liminality?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22355" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies">Scandinavian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22355" type="text/json">{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ren%C3%A9_Girard">René Girard</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27273" type="text/json">{"id":27273,"name":"René Girard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ren%C3%A9_Girard?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=964628]'), work: {"id":964628,"title":"The Inner Exiles. Outlaws and Scapegoating process in Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar","created_at":"2011-09-29T23:33:45.146-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/964628/The_Inner_Exiles_Outlaws_and_Scapegoating_process_in_Grettis_saga_%C3%81smundarsonar_and_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_964628","summary":"Was Icelandic outlawry exceptional? The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry has been widely studied and commented by scholars (Spoelstra, 1938), either by following indications from the Grágás or through the use of literary examples spread in the sagas (Frederic Amory, 1992). As main characters of a narrative, Grettir and Gísli were allusively compared through the theme of home and homelessness in medieval Iceland (Miller, 2004), or connected with other tales about outlaws from Europe gathered in the so-called «Matter of Greenwood» (Maurice Keen, 1987), or even supposed to belong to a large Anglo-Norse common tradition on outlaws (Joost De Lange, 1935). However, the two stories have been so far mainly discussed in connection with other tales on outlaws from Europe, but surprisingly not very often together. Grounded on historical, literary and anthropological views, this thesis will attempt to relocate the two sagas in their specific Icelandic context and underline the specific nature of the Icelandic full outlawry as well as its consequences in the narrative. While being banned from the community in continental Europe allowed a man to start a new life in another place, Icelandic outlaws were excluded\nfrom the social space of the island, yet kept inside (oferjanði). Why keep trouble-makers inside the enclosed space of the island instead of forcing them to leave the place definitely, as it was the case with sentences to lesser outlawry? The fact to be stuck on the island but out of the public scene leads to the creation of new original and individualized narrative spaces: the haunted wilderness for Grettir, the haunted dreams for Gísli. Through the analysis of the concepts of exile and liminality, this study defines the space the outlaw is forced to occupy (out and under) and teases out the picture of an “inner-exile”, both cause and consequence of outlawry. This inner exile is revealed through a contrastive narrative process, a common structure in the two sagas. From this analysis, the theory of the scapegoat (René Girard, 1982) is discussed and will help to understand the ambiguity held towards outlaws: hunted down and feared, they are nevertheless admired by and useful for the society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5896187,"asset_id":964628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":9802,"name":"Liminality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liminality?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":27273,"name":"René Girard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ren%C3%A9_Girard?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":168013,"name":"Scapegoat Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scapegoat_Theory?f_ri=238451"},{"id":180364,"name":"Íslendingasögur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238450,"name":"Grettis saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettis_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1852033" data-work_id="1852033" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1852033/Access_to_the_Margins_Outlawry_and_Narrative_spaces_in_medieval_Icelandic_outlaw_sagas_Brathair_vol_12_1_2012_115_136">Access to the Margins, Outlawry and Narrative spaces in medieval Icelandic outlaw sagas, "Brathair" vol. 12 (1), 2012: 115-136</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry in the Middle Ages has been widely studied and commented by scholars, either by following formal indications from the Grágás or through the use of literary examples spread in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1852033" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry in the Middle Ages has been widely studied and commented by scholars, either by following formal indications from the Grágás or through the use of literary examples spread in the sagas. The two main Icelandic outlaw sagas, Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar have been so far mainly discussed in connection with other tales on outlaws from Europe (Robin Hood, Hereward), but surprisingly not often together. <br />Through the analysis of the concepts of exile and liminality, this paper will attempt to relocate the two sagas in their specific Icelandic context and underline the specific nature of the Icelandic full outlawry as well as its consequences in the narrative. Icelandic medieval outlaws were excluded <br />from the social space of the island, yet forbidden to leave it (óferjandi). The fact to be stuck on the island but out of the public scene leads to the creation of new original and individualized narrative spaces: the supernatural wilderness for Grettir, the tortured dreams for Gísli.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1852033" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f202fbc36372399f75b9b92819c3b72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":25975674,"asset_id":1852033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/25975674/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="800839" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez">Marion Poilvez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="800839" type="text/json">{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1852033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1852033"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1852033, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1852033", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1852033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1852033; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1852033"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1852033 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1852033"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1852033; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1852033]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1852033").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1852033").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1852033"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas">Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18247" type="text/json">{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas">Icelandic Family Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18254" type="text/json">{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders">Sagas of Icelanders</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18284" type="text/json">{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1852033]'), work: {"id":1852033,"title":"Access to the Margins, Outlawry and Narrative spaces in medieval Icelandic outlaw sagas, \"Brathair\" vol. 12 (1), 2012: 115-136","created_at":"2012-08-12T03:31:19.082-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1852033/Access_to_the_Margins_Outlawry_and_Narrative_spaces_in_medieval_Icelandic_outlaw_sagas_Brathair_vol_12_1_2012_115_136?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_1852033","summary":"The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry in the Middle Ages has been widely studied and commented by scholars, either by following formal indications from the Grágás or through the use of literary examples spread in the sagas. The two main Icelandic outlaw sagas, Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar have been so far mainly discussed in connection with other tales on outlaws from Europe (Robin Hood, Hereward), but surprisingly not often together. \r\nThrough the analysis of the concepts of exile and liminality, this paper will attempt to relocate the two sagas in their specific Icelandic context and underline the specific nature of the Icelandic full outlawry as well as its consequences in the narrative. Icelandic medieval outlaws were excluded \r\nfrom the social space of the island, yet forbidden to leave it (óferjandi). The fact to be stuck on the island but out of the public scene leads to the creation of new original and individualized narrative spaces: the supernatural wilderness for Grettir, the tortured dreams for Gísli.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":25975674,"asset_id":1852033,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":19615,"name":"Medieval Marginal Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Marginal_Groups?f_ri=238451"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":180364,"name":"Íslendingasögur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238450,"name":"Grettis saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettis_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":413088,"name":"Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlaws?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12123531" data-work_id="12123531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12123531/Les_hors_la_loi_islandais_Icelandic_outlaws">Les hors-la-loi islandais / Icelandic outlaws</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Entre mythe et realitd L'lslande, terre boreale aux confins de l'Europe, ne cesse de fasciner par ses ddcors uniques autant que par sa culture particuli0re. Au Moyen Age, cette colonie de Vikings a developpd une methode bien adaptee a sa... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12123531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Entre mythe et realitd L'lslande, terre boreale aux confins de l'Europe, ne cesse de fasciner par ses ddcors uniques autant que par sa culture particuli0re. Au Moyen Age, cette colonie de Vikings a developpd une methode bien adaptee a sa geographle en matiere criminelle : la communaute declarait ses membres deviants hars-la-loi, mais leur interdisait tout transport hors du pays, faisant de I'ile tout entiere leur vaste prison. Ouelles etaient les consequences d'une telle condamnation? 0ui etaient ces hommes d'exception capables d'endurer cette condition hors-norme? fffi/B 'Islande m6di6vale, de sa coionisation par des Nor-+Nlff P vdgiens au IX" sidcle jusqu'A son all6geance A la cou--ffi ronne norv6gienne en 7262, est un pays sans Etat, a -/,11 \s* -l* mais poss6dantun systdme l6gal particulier. Les d6cisions l6gales 6taient prises au cours d'une assembl6e (ping) aux allures d6mocratiques, et le r6citateur de loi (l6gsogumadr) 6tait le garant d'un code juridique oral se transmettant de gdn6ration en g6n6ration. Suivant le moddle des lois germaniques,la peine de mort n'6tait pas monnaie courante (sauf pour les actes de sorcellerie) et l'exil en tant que condamnation officielle et unanime lui etait pr6f6r6. Deux types de condamnation existaient en Islande medi6vale . Le fjdrbaugsgardr (litt6ralement fjiirbaugr, Ltrre amende pay6e en compensatiory et gardr, un espace d6limit6), 6tait un exil suivant lequel le condamn6 conservait ses droits civiques, Gisli le hors{a-loi sortant de sa cachette afin de mener son dernier combat, soutenu par sa femme Au6r et sa fille adoptive Gudr[n. mais devait quitter f ile pour une periode de trois ans. Cttait une peine A vocation plut6t 6ducative qui permettait au hors-la-loi d'accomplir des exploits A 1'6tranger (au service du roi de Norvdge par exemple) et de r6int6grer la soci6t6 islandaise une fois son exil accompli. Nous pouvons citer d titre d'exemple Eirikr le Rouge (Sagas du V{nland, Saga d'Eirikr le Rouge) qui d6couvrit le Groenland suite A cette m6me condamnation. Le second type de condamnatiory la plus grave de toutes et lourde de cons6-77</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12123531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f235b1117f46344c30506c5f771908dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37434384,"asset_id":12123531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37434384/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="800839" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez">Marion Poilvez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="800839" type="text/json">{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12123531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12123531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12123531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12123531", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12123531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12123531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12123531"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12123531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12123531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12123531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12123531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12123531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12123531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12123531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas">Icelandic Family Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18254" type="text/json">{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28029" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminality_and_Punishment">Criminality and Punishment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28029" type="text/json">{"id":28029,"name":"Criminality and Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminality_and_Punishment?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49505" type="text/json">{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121682" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws">Medieval Outlaws</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="121682" type="text/json">{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12123531]'), work: {"id":12123531,"title":"Les hors-la-loi islandais / Icelandic outlaws","created_at":"2015-04-27T05:27:21.629-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12123531/Les_hors_la_loi_islandais_Icelandic_outlaws?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_12123531","summary":"Entre mythe et realitd L'lslande, terre boreale aux confins de l'Europe, ne cesse de fasciner par ses ddcors uniques autant que par sa culture particuli0re. Au Moyen Age, cette colonie de Vikings a developpd une methode bien adaptee a sa geographle en matiere criminelle : la communaute declarait ses membres deviants hars-la-loi, mais leur interdisait tout transport hors du pays, faisant de I'ile tout entiere leur vaste prison. Ouelles etaient les consequences d'une telle condamnation? 0ui etaient ces hommes d'exception capables d'endurer cette condition hors-norme? fffi/B 'Islande m6di6vale, de sa coionisation par des Nor-+Nlff P vdgiens au IX\" sidcle jusqu'A son all6geance A la cou--ffi ronne norv6gienne en 7262, est un pays sans Etat, a -/,11 \\s* -l* mais poss6dantun systdme l6gal particulier. Les d6cisions l6gales 6taient prises au cours d'une assembl6e (ping) aux allures d6mocratiques, et le r6citateur de loi (l6gsogumadr) 6tait le garant d'un code juridique oral se transmettant de gdn6ration en g6n6ration. Suivant le moddle des lois germaniques,la peine de mort n'6tait pas monnaie courante (sauf pour les actes de sorcellerie) et l'exil en tant que condamnation officielle et unanime lui etait pr6f6r6. Deux types de condamnation existaient en Islande medi6vale . Le fjdrbaugsgardr (litt6ralement fjiirbaugr, Ltrre amende pay6e en compensatiory et gardr, un espace d6limit6), 6tait un exil suivant lequel le condamn6 conservait ses droits civiques, Gisli le hors{a-loi sortant de sa cachette afin de mener son dernier combat, soutenu par sa femme Au6r et sa fille adoptive Gudr[n. mais devait quitter f ile pour une periode de trois ans. Cttait une peine A vocation plut6t 6ducative qui permettait au hors-la-loi d'accomplir des exploits A 1'6tranger (au service du roi de Norvdge par exemple) et de r6int6grer la soci6t6 islandaise une fois son exil accompli. Nous pouvons citer d titre d'exemple Eirikr le Rouge (Sagas du V{nland, Saga d'Eirikr le Rouge) qui d6couvrit le Groenland suite A cette m6me condamnation. Le second type de condamnatiory la plus grave de toutes et lourde de cons6-77","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37434384,"asset_id":12123531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":28029,"name":"Criminality and Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminality_and_Punishment?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":238450,"name":"Grettis saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettis_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":312460,"name":"Histoire Medievale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Medievale?f_ri=238451"},{"id":895265,"name":"Medieval Outlawry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlawry?f_ri=238451"},{"id":1435205,"name":"Sagas Islandaises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_Islandaises?f_ri=238451"},{"id":1706169,"name":"Proscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proscriptions?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41511045" data-work_id="41511045" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41511045/Instances_of_loanword_native_word_textual_variation_in_the_manuscript_transmission_of_Egils_saga_Skallagr%C3%ADmssonar_and_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar">Instances of loanword/native word textual variation in the manuscript transmission of Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, textual variation with reference to loanwords and respective native words is addressed. Examples are taken from two sagas of the Icelanders, Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar. Whereas, in the former,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41511045" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, textual variation with reference to loanwords and respective native words is addressed. Examples are taken from two sagas of the Icelanders, Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar. Whereas, in the former, only one significant instance is found, the latter saga provides a handful of cases worth investigating. In the case of Egils saga, the word pair buklari – skjǫldr is analyzed, and the conclusion drawn is that skjǫldr is the original lectio in the passage. With regard to Gísla saga, three different stemmata are compared and reevaluated in light of loanword/native word lexical pairs (ambátt – þý, buffeit – kinnhestr, fría – firra, kompánn – félagi). In particular, the pentalogue developed by Guðni Kolbeinsson and Jónas Kristjánsson (1979) is applied to the cases under discussion and its validity confirmed against the stemmata provided by Finnur Jónsson (1929) and Jón Helgason (1956). In the concluding paragraph, it is conjectured that native lexical strategies underlying the expansion of the Icelandic lexicon do not differ with respect to loanword chronology and that the coinage of neoformations develops noticeably from the twelfth century on, whereas before that time a stronger adherence to learned models is identifiable. This latter result may, however, be somewhat distorted, due to the more limited degree of variation in text typologies before the 12th century as opposed to the flourishing of different Icelandic literary genres from the 12th century onwards.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41511045" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ac0477aa804f1cc84dad4517496ba2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64214286,"asset_id":41511045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64214286/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="643294" href="https://kyushu-u.academia.edu/MatteoTarsi">Matteo Tarsi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="643294" type="text/json">{"id":643294,"first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Tarsi","domain_name":"kyushu-u","page_name":"MatteoTarsi","display_name":"Matteo Tarsi","profile_url":"https://kyushu-u.academia.edu/MatteoTarsi?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/643294/221419/24247592/s65_matteo.tarsi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41511045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41511045"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41511045, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41511045", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41511045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41511045; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41511045"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41511045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41511045"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41511045; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41511045]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41511045").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41511045").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41511045"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology">Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97" type="text/json">{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3176" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_linguistics">Germanic linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3176" type="text/json">{"id":3176,"name":"Germanic linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_linguistics?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism">Textual Criticism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4178" type="text/json">{"id":4178,"name":"Textual Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41511045]'), work: {"id":41511045,"title":"Instances of loanword/native word textual variation in the manuscript transmission of Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar","created_at":"2020-01-04T07:13:17.782-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41511045/Instances_of_loanword_native_word_textual_variation_in_the_manuscript_transmission_of_Egils_saga_Skallagr%C3%ADmssonar_and_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_41511045","summary":"In this article, textual variation with reference to loanwords and respective native words is addressed. Examples are taken from two sagas of the Icelanders, Egils saga Skallagrímssonar and Gísla saga Súrssonar. Whereas, in the former, only one significant instance is found, the latter saga provides a handful of cases worth investigating. In the case of Egils saga, the word pair buklari – skjǫldr is analyzed, and the conclusion drawn is that skjǫldr is the original lectio in the passage. With regard to Gísla saga, three different stemmata are compared and reevaluated in light of loanword/native word lexical pairs (ambátt – þý, buffeit – kinnhestr, fría – firra, kompánn – félagi). In particular, the pentalogue developed by Guðni Kolbeinsson and Jónas Kristjánsson (1979) is applied to the cases under discussion and its validity confirmed against the stemmata provided by Finnur Jónsson (1929) and Jón Helgason (1956). In the concluding paragraph, it is conjectured that native lexical strategies underlying the expansion of the Icelandic lexicon do not differ with respect to loanword chronology and that the coinage of neoformations develops noticeably from the twelfth century on, whereas before that time a stronger adherence to learned models is identifiable. This latter result may, however, be somewhat distorted, due to the more limited degree of variation in text typologies before the 12th century as opposed to the flourishing of different Icelandic literary genres from the 12th century onwards.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64214286,"asset_id":41511045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":643294,"first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Tarsi","domain_name":"kyushu-u","page_name":"MatteoTarsi","display_name":"Matteo Tarsi","profile_url":"https://kyushu-u.academia.edu/MatteoTarsi?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/643294/221419/24247592/s65_matteo.tarsi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":97,"name":"Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philology?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":3176,"name":"Germanic linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_linguistics?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":4178,"name":"Textual Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":11908,"name":"Old Norse Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Language?f_ri=238451"},{"id":15534,"name":"Old Germanic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Germanic_Languages?f_ri=238451"},{"id":16017,"name":"Loanwords, Language contact \u0026 change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loanwords_Language_contact_and_change?f_ri=238451"},{"id":17425,"name":"Germanic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_Philology?f_ri=238451"},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":126656,"name":"Stemmatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stemmatology?f_ri=238451"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":259531,"name":"Old Norse-Old Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Old_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":262795,"name":"Germanic languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_languages?f_ri=238451"},{"id":382182,"name":"Loanwords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loanwords?f_ri=238451"},{"id":583446,"name":"Egils saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egils_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":1208480,"name":"Textual Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Variation?f_ri=238451"},{"id":1675463,"name":"Textual Variants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Variants?f_ri=238451"},{"id":2296411,"name":"Old Icelandic language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Icelandic_language?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14909696" data-work_id="14909696" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14909696/The_Cold_Counsel_of_%C3%9Eord%C3%ADs_S%C3%BArsd%C3%B3ttir_16th_International_Saga_Conference_2015_">The Cold Counsel of Þordís Súrsdóttir (16th International Saga Conference 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gísla saga Súrssonar has been studied from a number of different viewpoints, since the text itself is preserved in three different versions, possibly affected by continental literature and other Icelandic family sagas. Despite slightly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14909696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gísla saga Súrssonar has been studied from a number of different viewpoints, since the text itself is preserved in three different versions, possibly affected by continental literature and other Icelandic family sagas. Despite slightly changing the events between different versions, the main plot is quite clear: feuding started because of a putative love affair.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14909696" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4a1661d4b8e0b547e2c45cf5e58ce2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38470840,"asset_id":14909696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38470840/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3400158" href="https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria">Gyönki Viktória</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3400158" type="text/json">{"id":3400158,"first_name":"Gyönki","last_name":"Viktória","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"GyönkiViktória","display_name":"Gyönki Viktória","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3400158/1150498/10984429/s65_gy_nki.vikt_ria.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14909696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14909696"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14909696, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14909696", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14909696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14909696; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14909696"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14909696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14909696"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14909696; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14909696]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14909696").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14909696").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14909696"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas">Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18247" type="text/json">{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas">Icelandic Family Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18254" type="text/json">{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders">Sagas of Icelanders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18284" type="text/json">{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35636" type="text/json">{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14909696]'), work: {"id":14909696,"title":"The Cold Counsel of Þordís Súrsdóttir (16th International Saga Conference 2015)","created_at":"2015-08-13T23:16:23.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14909696/The_Cold_Counsel_of_%C3%9Eord%C3%ADs_S%C3%BArsd%C3%B3ttir_16th_International_Saga_Conference_2015_?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_14909696","summary":"Gísla saga Súrssonar has been studied from a number of different viewpoints, since the text itself is preserved in three different versions, possibly affected by continental literature and other Icelandic family sagas. Despite slightly changing the events between different versions, the main plot is quite clear: feuding started because of a putative love affair.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38470840,"asset_id":14909696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3400158,"first_name":"Gyönki","last_name":"Viktória","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"GyönkiViktória","display_name":"Gyönki Viktória","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3400158/1150498/10984429/s65_gy_nki.vikt_ria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":45716,"name":"Iceland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iceland?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":209331,"name":"Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse-Icelandic_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6122345" data-work_id="6122345" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6122345/_Lost_in_Transmission_Reconstituting_Forgotten_Verses_in_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar_Viking_and_Medieval_Scandinavia_9_2013_"> ‘Lost in Transmission: Reconstituting Forgotten Verses in Gísla saga Súrssonar’, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 9 (2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6122345" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bcff9ea4eb0f2e09077b90d4f20254a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67357672,"asset_id":6122345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67357672/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3343006" href="https://uclm.academia.edu/EdelPorter">Edel M Porter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3343006" type="text/json">{"id":3343006,"first_name":"Edel","last_name":"Porter","domain_name":"uclm","page_name":"EdelPorter","display_name":"Edel M Porter","profile_url":"https://uclm.academia.edu/EdelPorter?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3343006/1119849/127653099/s65_edel.porter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6122345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6122345"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6122345, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6122345", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6122345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6122345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6122345"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6122345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6122345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6122345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6122345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6122345").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6122345").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6122345"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3891" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies">Orality-Literacy Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3891" type="text/json">{"id":3891,"name":"Orality-Literacy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry">Skaldic Poetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18252" type="text/json">{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142139" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kennings">Kennings</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="142139" type="text/json">{"id":142139,"name":"Kennings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kennings?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238451" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga">Gísla saga</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="238451" type="text/json">{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6122345]'), work: {"id":6122345,"title":" ‘Lost in Transmission: Reconstituting Forgotten Verses in Gísla saga Súrssonar’, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 9 (2013)","created_at":"2014-02-18T08:07:12.766-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6122345/_Lost_in_Transmission_Reconstituting_Forgotten_Verses_in_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar_Viking_and_Medieval_Scandinavia_9_2013_?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_6122345","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67357672,"asset_id":6122345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3343006,"first_name":"Edel","last_name":"Porter","domain_name":"uclm","page_name":"EdelPorter","display_name":"Edel M Porter","profile_url":"https://uclm.academia.edu/EdelPorter?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3343006/1119849/127653099/s65_edel.porter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3891,"name":"Orality-Literacy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orality-Literacy_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18252,"name":"Skaldic Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skaldic_Poetry?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":142139,"name":"Kennings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kennings?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15693095" data-work_id="15693095" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15693095/_B%C5%B1n_%C3%A9s_B%C5%B1nh%C5%91d%C3%A9s_K%C3%A9t_t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nyen_k%C3%ADv%C3%BCli_ember_sorsa_a_10_sz%C3%A1zadi_Izlandon_Crime_and_Punishment_The_destiny_of_two_outlawed_men_in_the_10th_century_Iceland">"Bűn és Bűnhődés" - Két törvényen kívüli ember sorsa a 10. századi Izlandon / "Crime and Punishment" - The destiny of two outlawed men in the 10th century Iceland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15693095" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb7f5e4ff558f4ae27f60f17b829c9c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60025345,"asset_id":15693095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60025345/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3400158" href="https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria">Gyönki Viktória</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3400158" type="text/json">{"id":3400158,"first_name":"Gyönki","last_name":"Viktória","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"GyönkiViktória","display_name":"Gyönki Viktória","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3400158/1150498/10984429/s65_gy_nki.vikt_ria.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15693095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15693095"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15693095, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15693095", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15693095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15693095; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15693095"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15693095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15693095"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15693095; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15693095]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15693095").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15693095").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15693095"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas">Icelandic Family Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18254" type="text/json">{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature">Medieval Icelandic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35636" type="text/json">{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45716" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iceland">Iceland</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45716" type="text/json">{"id":45716,"name":"Iceland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iceland?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49505" type="text/json">{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15693095]'), work: {"id":15693095,"title":"\"Bűn és Bűnhődés\" - Két törvényen kívüli ember sorsa a 10. századi Izlandon / \"Crime and Punishment\" - The destiny of two outlawed men in the 10th century Iceland","created_at":"2015-09-14T12:32:19.686-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15693095/_B%C5%B1n_%C3%A9s_B%C5%B1nh%C5%91d%C3%A9s_K%C3%A9t_t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nyen_k%C3%ADv%C3%BCli_ember_sorsa_a_10_sz%C3%A1zadi_Izlandon_Crime_and_Punishment_The_destiny_of_two_outlawed_men_in_the_10th_century_Iceland?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_15693095","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60025345,"asset_id":15693095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3400158,"first_name":"Gyönki","last_name":"Viktória","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"GyönkiViktória","display_name":"Gyönki Viktória","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3400158/1150498/10984429/s65_gy_nki.vikt_ria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":45716,"name":"Iceland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iceland?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":413088,"name":"Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":804661,"name":"Outlaw Heroes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlaw_Heroes?f_ri=238451"},{"id":895265,"name":"Medieval Outlawry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlawry?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76969359" data-work_id="76969359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76969359/Access_to_the_Margins_Outlawry_and_Narrative_spaces_in_medieval_Icelandic_outlaw_sagas">Access to the Margins: Outlawry and Narrative spaces in medieval Icelandic outlaw sagas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry in the Middle Ages has been widely studied and commented by scholars, either by following formal indications from the Gragas or through the use of literary examples spread in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76969359" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry in the Middle Ages has been widely studied and commented by scholars, either by following formal indications from the Gragas or through the use of literary examples spread in the sagas. The two main Icelandic outlaw sagas, Grettis saga Asmundarsonar and Gisla saga Surssonar have been so far mainly discussed in connection with other tales on outlaws from Europe (Robin Hood, Hereward), but surprisingly not often together. Through the analysis of the concepts of exile and liminality, this paper will attempt to relocate the two sagas in their specific Icelandic context and underline the specific nature of the Icelandic full outlawry as well as its consequences in the narrative. Icelandic medieval outlaws were excluded from the social space of the island, yet forbidden to leave it (oferjandi). The fact to be stuck on the island but out of the public scene leads to the creation of new original and individualized narrative spaces: the s...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76969359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0240d9c9345109853438f653b9c7d3a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84478533,"asset_id":76969359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84478533/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="800839" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez">Marion Poilvez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="800839" type="text/json">{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76969359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76969359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76969359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76969359", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76969359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76969359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76969359"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76969359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76969359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76969359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76969359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76969359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76969359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76969359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1236" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art">Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1236" type="text/json">{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas">Sagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18247" type="text/json">{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76969359]'), work: {"id":76969359,"title":"Access to the Margins: Outlawry and Narrative spaces in medieval Icelandic outlaw sagas","created_at":"2022-04-19T08:54:37.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76969359/Access_to_the_Margins_Outlawry_and_Narrative_spaces_in_medieval_Icelandic_outlaw_sagas?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_76969359","summary":"The legal and historical aspect of Icelandic outlawry in the Middle Ages has been widely studied and commented by scholars, either by following formal indications from the Gragas or through the use of literary examples spread in the sagas. The two main Icelandic outlaw sagas, Grettis saga Asmundarsonar and Gisla saga Surssonar have been so far mainly discussed in connection with other tales on outlaws from Europe (Robin Hood, Hereward), but surprisingly not often together. Through the analysis of the concepts of exile and liminality, this paper will attempt to relocate the two sagas in their specific Icelandic context and underline the specific nature of the Icelandic full outlawry as well as its consequences in the narrative. Icelandic medieval outlaws were excluded from the social space of the island, yet forbidden to leave it (oferjandi). The fact to be stuck on the island but out of the public scene leads to the creation of new original and individualized narrative spaces: the s...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84478533,"asset_id":76969359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451"},{"id":19615,"name":"Medieval Marginal Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Marginal_Groups?f_ri=238451"},{"id":22355,"name":"Scandinavian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Studies?f_ri=238451"},{"id":26804,"name":"Icelandic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":180364,"name":"Íslendingasögur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238450,"name":"Grettis saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettis_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":413088,"name":"Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlaws?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11906465" data-work_id="11906465" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11906465/The_Cold_Counsel_Family_Relationships_in_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar">The Cold Counsel – Family Relationships in Gísla saga Súrssonar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Icelandic as a second language, University of Iceland, Icelandic and Comparative Cultural</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11906465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a672738317e6234082640f2734c02e5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37280179,"asset_id":11906465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37280179/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3400158" href="https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria">Gyönki Viktória</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3400158" type="text/json">{"id":3400158,"first_name":"Gyönki","last_name":"Viktória","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"GyönkiViktória","display_name":"Gyönki Viktória","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3400158/1150498/10984429/s65_gy_nki.vikt_ria.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11906465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11906465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11906465, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11906465", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11906465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11906465; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11906465"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11906465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11906465"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11906465; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11906465]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11906465").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11906465").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11906465"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18247" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas">Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18247" type="text/json">{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas">Icelandic Family Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18254" type="text/json">{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders">Sagas of Icelanders</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18284" type="text/json">{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11906465]'), work: {"id":11906465,"title":"The Cold Counsel – Family Relationships in Gísla saga Súrssonar","created_at":"2015-04-12T03:11:15.420-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11906465/The_Cold_Counsel_Family_Relationships_in_G%C3%ADsla_saga_S%C3%BArssonar?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_11906465","summary":"Icelandic as a second language, University of Iceland, Icelandic and Comparative Cultural","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37280179,"asset_id":11906465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3400158,"first_name":"Gyönki","last_name":"Viktória","domain_name":"elte","page_name":"GyönkiViktória","display_name":"Gyönki Viktória","profile_url":"https://elte.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6nkiVikt%C3%B3ria?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3400158/1150498/10984429/s65_gy_nki.vikt_ria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18247,"name":"Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":35636,"name":"Medieval Icelandic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_Literature?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":133732,"name":"Medieval Icelandic society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Icelandic_society?f_ri=238451"},{"id":180364,"name":"Íslendingasögur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31678833" data-work_id="31678833" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31678833/Those_Who_Kill_Wrong_Undone_in_the_Sagas_of_Icelanders">Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31678833" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa57b76fded659402d8e6c48b6abc391" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51998954,"asset_id":31678833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51998954/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="800839" href="https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez">Marion Poilvez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="800839" type="text/json">{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31678833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31678833"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31678833, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31678833", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31678833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31678833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31678833"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31678833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31678833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31678833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31678833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31678833").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31678833").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31678833"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2965" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Crime_and_Deviance">Sociology of Crime and Deviance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2965" type="text/json">{"id":2965,"name":"Sociology of Crime and Deviance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Crime_and_Deviance?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions">History Of Emotions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5524" type="text/json">{"id":5524,"name":"History Of Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas">Icelandic Family Sagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18254" type="text/json">{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31678833]'), work: {"id":31678833,"title":"Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders","created_at":"2017-03-02T07:25:47.659-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31678833/Those_Who_Kill_Wrong_Undone_in_the_Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_31678833","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51998954,"asset_id":31678833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":800839,"first_name":"Marion","last_name":"Poilvez","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"MarionPoilvez","display_name":"Marion Poilvez","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/MarionPoilvez?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/800839/274092/34371826/s65_marion.poilvez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":2965,"name":"Sociology of Crime and Deviance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Crime_and_Deviance?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":5524,"name":"History Of Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18254,"name":"Icelandic Family Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Family_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":18284,"name":"Sagas of Icelanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders?f_ri=238451"},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451"},{"id":121682,"name":"Medieval Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":180364,"name":"Íslendingasögur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur?f_ri=238451"},{"id":181064,"name":"Medieval history, Icelandic sagas, social theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_history_Icelandic_sagas_social_theory?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238450,"name":"Grettis saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grettis_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451"},{"id":334271,"name":"Jomsvikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jomsvikings?f_ri=238451"},{"id":413088,"name":"Outlaws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outlaws?f_ri=238451"},{"id":704952,"name":"Medieval Crime and Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Crime_and_Punishment?f_ri=238451"},{"id":895265,"name":"Medieval Outlawry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Outlawry?f_ri=238451"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38253391" data-work_id="38253391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38253391/Islending_gjeng_seg_vill_i_norske_fjell_og_dalar_Dei_norske_stadnamni_i_G%C3%ADsla_saga_og_fylgjone_for_teksthistoria">Islending gjeng seg vill i norske fjell og dalar. Dei norske stadnamni i Gísla saga og fylgjone for teksthistoria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mykje umdryft når det gjeld tekstyverleveringi av Gísla saga, er tilhøvet millom dei tvo hovudversjonane av soga, vanleg avstytte M (for mindre) og S (for større) etter lengdi på deim. Den viktugaste skilnaden på M og S er at S er munaleg... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38253391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mykje umdryft når det gjeld tekstyverleveringi av Gísla saga, er tilhøvet millom dei tvo hovudversjonane av soga, vanleg avstytte M (for mindre) og S (for større) etter lengdi på deim. Den viktugaste skilnaden på M og S er at S er munaleg lengre enn M, serleg i den innleidande bolken som gjeng fyre seg i Noreg.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38253391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2b15f72d4b7f95f1f52f04982dbb738" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58295959,"asset_id":38253391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58295959/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1ODMzNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48350643" href="https://stavanger.academia.edu/KlausJohanMyrvoll">Klaus Johan Myrvoll</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48350643" type="text/json">{"id":48350643,"first_name":"Klaus Johan","last_name":"Myrvoll","domain_name":"stavanger","page_name":"KlausJohanMyrvoll","display_name":"Klaus Johan Myrvoll","profile_url":"https://stavanger.academia.edu/KlausJohanMyrvoll?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48350643/12735246/14164729/s65_klaus_johan.myrvoll.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38253391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38253391"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38253391, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38253391", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38253391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38253391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38253391"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38253391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38253391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38253391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38253391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38253391").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38253391").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38253391"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature">Old Norse Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4235" type="text/json">{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10623" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place-Names">Place-Names</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10623" type="text/json">{"id":10623,"name":"Place-Names","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place-Names?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas">Icelandic Sagas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49505" type="text/json">{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238451" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga">Gísla saga</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="238451" type="text/json">{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38253391]'), work: {"id":38253391,"title":"Islending gjeng seg vill i norske fjell og dalar. Dei norske stadnamni i Gísla saga og fylgjone for teksthistoria","created_at":"2019-01-30T08:53:00.599-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38253391/Islending_gjeng_seg_vill_i_norske_fjell_og_dalar_Dei_norske_stadnamni_i_G%C3%ADsla_saga_og_fylgjone_for_teksthistoria?f_ri=238451","dom_id":"work_38253391","summary":"Mykje umdryft når det gjeld tekstyverleveringi av Gísla saga, er tilhøvet millom dei tvo hovudversjonane av soga, vanleg avstytte M (for mindre) og S (for større) etter lengdi på deim. Den viktugaste skilnaden på M og S er at S er munaleg lengre enn M, serleg i den innleidande bolken som gjeng fyre seg i Noreg.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58295959,"asset_id":38253391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48350643,"first_name":"Klaus Johan","last_name":"Myrvoll","domain_name":"stavanger","page_name":"KlausJohanMyrvoll","display_name":"Klaus Johan Myrvoll","profile_url":"https://stavanger.academia.edu/KlausJohanMyrvoll?f_ri=238451","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48350643/12735246/14164729/s65_klaus_johan.myrvoll.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4235,"name":"Old Norse Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse_Literature?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":10623,"name":"Place-Names","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place-Names?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":49505,"name":"Icelandic Sagas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_Sagas?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true},{"id":238451,"name":"Gísla saga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga?f_ri=238451","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic_riddarasogur_lygisogur">Icelandic riddarasögur / lygisögur</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="48017">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="48017">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_medieval_literature_and_culture_German_English_Old_Norse_and_Old_French_">Comparative medieval literature and culture (German, English, Old Norse & Old French)</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="99555">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="99555">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas_of_Icelanders">Sagas of Icelanders</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="18284">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="18284">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="26804">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="26804">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guido_Cavalcanti">Guido Cavalcanti</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="18029">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="18029">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sagas">Sagas</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="18247">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="18247">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snorra-Edda">Snorra-Edda</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="18249">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="18249">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brunetto_Latini">Brunetto Latini</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="35430">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="35430">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_High_German_language_and_literature">Middle High German language and literature</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="58247">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="58247">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "942042c2ad9f4b2dcb390291f56765adf097d605401b988297256fd3d42e3da3", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="jXhgmqaQJiHn8qxQnFaDdHGFNW70uFtL7RKo3N-y_qHFuWCmguG5-EzJt0GfFdRc3N3US5M5hiuWXmUrIXD_Lw" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gisla_saga" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="5ka3amt-Y-MMCgZeVrEZIxYfUJJ0TycSk5Eqjg8AsfSuh7dWTw_8OqcxHU9V8k4Lu0extxPO-nLo3ed58cKweg" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>