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<li id="toc-Official_predecessors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_predecessors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Official predecessors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_predecessors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_and_independent_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_and_independent_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Creation and independent status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_and_independent_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Becoming_part_of_the_Norfolk_Southern_Corporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Becoming_part_of_the_Norfolk_Southern_Corporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Becoming part of the Norfolk Southern Corporation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Becoming_part_of_the_Norfolk_Southern_Corporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passenger_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passenger_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Passenger trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passenger_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_owned_by_the_Southern_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_owned_by_the_Southern_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Roads owned by the Southern Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_owned_by_the_Southern_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_railroad_yards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_railroad_yards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Major railroad yards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_railroad_yards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Company_officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Company_officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Company officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Company_officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Heritage unit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(US)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway (US)">Southern Railway (US)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct United States railroad</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Southern Railway</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Railway_Logo,_February_1970.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg/200px-Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg/300px-Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg/400px-Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_(26934095340).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_%2826934095340%29.jpg/250px-6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_%2826934095340%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_%2826934095340%29.jpg/375px-6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_%2826934095340%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_%2826934095340%29.jpg/500px-6_More_of_Roger_Puta%27s_Southern_Railway_Photos_%2826934095340%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1446" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Southern Railway train in 1969</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">J.P. Morgan</a><br />Primary financier (1894–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Harrison" title="Fairfax Harrison">Fairfax Harrison</a><br />President (1913–1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Coster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Coster (page does not exist)">Charles H. Coster</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Spencer_(railroad_executive)" title="Samuel Spencer (railroad executive)">Samuel Spencer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lynde_Stetson" title="Francis Lynde Stetson">Francis Lynde Stetson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reporting_mark" title="Reporting mark">Reporting mark</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SOU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates of operation</th><td class="infobox-data">1894–1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Technical</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Southern Railway</b> (also known as <b>Southern Railway Company</b>; <a href="/wiki/Reporting_mark" title="Reporting mark">reporting mark</a> <b>SOU</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Class_1_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class 1 railroad">class 1 railroad</a> based in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> between 1894 and 1982, when it merged with the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Western_Railway" title="Norfolk and Western Railway">Norfolk and Western Railway</a> (N&W) to form the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a>. The railroad was the product of nearly 150 predecessor lines that were combined, reorganized and recombined beginning in the 1830s, formally becoming the Southern Railway in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-SRHA2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRHA2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 1971, the Southern operated 6,026 miles (9,698 km) of railroad, not including its Class I subsidiaries <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Great_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Great Southern">Alabama Great Southern</a> (528 miles or 850 km); <a href="/wiki/Central_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central of Georgia">Central of Georgia</a> (1729 miles); <a href="/wiki/Savannah_and_Northwestern_Railway" title="Savannah and Northwestern Railway">Savannah & Atlanta</a> (167 miles); <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_New_Orleans_and_Texas_Pacific_Railway" title="Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway">Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway</a> (415 miles); <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southern_%26_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Southern & Florida">Georgia Southern & Florida</a> (454 miles); and twelve Class II subsidiaries. That year, the Southern itself reported 26,111 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 110 million passenger-miles. Alabama Great Southern reported 3,854 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 11 million passenger-miles; Central of Georgia 3,595 and 17; Savannah & Atlanta 140 and 0; Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway 4906 and 0.3; and Georgia Southern & Florida 1,431 and 0.3. </p><p>The railroad joined forces with the Norfolk and Western Railway in 1980 to form the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern Corporation">Norfolk Southern Corporation</a>. The Norfolk Southern Corporation was created in response to the creation of the rival <a href="/wiki/CSX_Corporation" title="CSX Corporation">CSX Corporation</a> by a number of railroads in the eastern United States (adopting the name <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a> for its rail system in 1986). Southern and N&W continued as operating companies of Norfolk Southern until in 1982, when Norfolk Southern merged nearly all of N&W's operations into Southern to form the Norfolk Southern Railway. The railroad has used that name since. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_predecessors">Official predecessors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Official predecessors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_York_River_and_Chesapeake_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, York River and Chesapeake Railroad">Richmond, York River and Chesapeake Railroad</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Danville_Railroad" title="Richmond and Danville Railroad">Richmond and Danville Railroad</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_and_Charleston_Railroad" title="Memphis and Charleston Railroad">Memphis and Charleston Railroad</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee,_Virginia_and_Georgia_Railway" title="East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway">East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_New_Orleans_and_Texas_Pacific_Railway" title="Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway">Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway</a> (1894)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_and_independent_status">Creation and independent status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation and independent status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Railway_Building,_Washington,_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Southern_Railway_Building%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg/220px-Southern_Railway_Building%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Southern_Railway_Building%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg/330px-Southern_Railway_Building%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Southern_Railway_Building%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg/440px-Southern_Railway_Building%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._LCCN2001706361.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Southern Railway Building in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, formerly located at <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> and 13th Street NW in the early 1900s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1895_SOU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1895_SOU.png/220px-1895_SOU.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1895_SOU.png/330px-1895_SOU.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1895_SOU.png/440px-1895_SOU.png 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption>An 1895 system map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg/220px-1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg/330px-1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg/440px-1921_Southern_Railway_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>A 1921 system map</figcaption></figure> <p>The pioneering <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Canal_and_Rail_Road_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company">South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company</a>, Southern's earliest predecessor line and one of the <a href="/wiki/First_railroads_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="First railroads in the United States">first railroads in the United States</a>, was chartered on December 19, 1827, and ran the nation's first regularly scheduled <a href="/wiki/Steam-powered" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam-powered">steam-powered</a> passenger train – the wood-burning <i><a href="/wiki/Best_Friend_of_Charleston" title="Best Friend of Charleston">Best Friend of Charleston</a></i> – over a six-mile section out of <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, on December 25, 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-SCEncyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By October 1833, its 136-mile line to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg,_South_Carolina" title="Hamburg, South Carolina">Hamburg, South Carolina</a>, was the longest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-SCEncyclopedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCEncyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p7_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company leased <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaved African Americans</a> from plantation owners when free <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a> refused to work in the swamps. The company eventually purchased 89 people to work as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips1908_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips1908-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As railroad fever struck other Southern states, networks gradually spread across the South and even across the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>. By 1857, the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_and_Charleston_Railroad" title="Memphis and Charleston Railroad">Memphis and Charleston Railroad</a> was completed to link both Charleston, South Carolina, and <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Western_North_Carolina_Railroad" title="Western North Carolina Railroad">Western North Carolina Railroad</a> was halted because voters were angry about that law allowed purchasers of private bonds to have the train tracks veer to their towns. The provision of the laws that allowed this was not repealed until <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GreenbergKahn1997_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenbergKahn1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rail expansion in the South was also halted with the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Battle of Shiloh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corinth" title="Siege of Corinth">Siege of Corinth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Corinth" title="Second Battle of Corinth">Second Battle of Corinth</a> in 1862 were motivated by the importance of the Memphis and Charleston line, the only east–west rail link across the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cozzens1997_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cozzens1997-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chickamauga_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickamauga Campaign">Chickamauga Campaign</a> for <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga, Tennessee</a>, was also motivated by the importance of its rail connections to the Memphis and Charleston and other lines. Also, in 1862, the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_York_River_Railroad" title="Richmond and York River Railroad">Richmond and York River Railroad</a>, which operated from the <a href="/wiki/Pamunkey_River" title="Pamunkey River">Pamunkey River</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Virginia" title="West Point, Virginia">West Point, Virginia</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, was a major focus of <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George McClellan's</a> <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular Campaign">Peninsular Campaign</a>, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days Battles</a> and devastated the tiny rail link. Late in the war, the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Danville_Railroad" title="Richmond and Danville Railroad">Richmond and Danville Railroad</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy's</a> last link to Richmond, and transported <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> and his cabinet to <a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville, Virginia</a>, just before the fall of <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> in April 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known as the "First Railroad War", the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> left the South's railroads and economy devastated. Most of the railroads, however, were repaired, reorganized and operated again. <a href="/wiki/Convict_lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Convict lease">Convict lease</a> was a near continuation of slavery as charges were often only applied to people of African descent. Five-hundred <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> were assigned to provide back breaking labor on the <a href="/wiki/Western_North_Carolina_Railroad" title="Western North Carolina Railroad">Western North Carolina Railroad</a>. Men were shipped to and from the worksite in iron shackles and around twenty were drowned in the <a href="/wiki/Tuckasegee_River" title="Tuckasegee River">Tuckasegee River</a> weighted down by their shackles.<sup id="cite_ref-GreenbergKahn1997_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenbergKahn1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the area along the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, construction of new railroads continued throughout <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a>. The Richmond and Danville System expanded throughout the South during this period, but was overextended, and came upon financial troubles in 1893, when control was lost to financier <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>, who reorganized it into the Southern Railway System. </p><p>Southern Railway came into existence in 1894 through the combination of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, the Richmond and Danville system and the <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee,_Virginia_and_Georgia_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad">East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad</a>. The company owned two-thirds of the 4,400 miles of line it operated, and the rest was held through leases, operating agreements and stock ownership. Southern also controlled the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Great_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Great Southern">Alabama Great Southern</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southern_and_Florida_Railway" title="Georgia Southern and Florida Railway">Georgia Southern and Florida</a>, which operated separately, and it had an interest in the <a href="/wiki/Central_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central of Georgia">Central of Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SRHA2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRHA2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Southern Railway also agreed to lease the North Carolina Railroad Company, providing a critical connection from Virginia to the rest of the southeast via the Carolinas.<sup id="cite_ref-Commissioners1895_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commissioners1895-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Southern's first president, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Spencer_(railroad_executive)" title="Samuel Spencer (railroad executive)">Samuel Spencer</a>, brought more lines into Southern's organized system.<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his 12-year term, the railway built new shops at <a href="/wiki/Spencer,_North_Carolina" title="Spencer, North Carolina">Spencer, North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville, Tennessee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, upgraded tracks, and purchased more equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved the company's service away from an agricultural dependence on <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and centered its efforts on diversifying traffic and industrial development.<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 29, 1906, Spencer was killed in a train wreck.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the line from <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian, Mississippi</a>, to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, was acquired in 1916 under Southern's president <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Harrison" title="Fairfax Harrison">Fairfax Harrison</a>, the railroad had assembled the 8,000-mile, 13-state system that lasted for almost half a century.<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Southern have operated 6,791 miles of road at the end of 1925, but its flock of subsidiaries added 1000+ more. </p><p>In 1912, the Southern Railway leased most of its <a href="/wiki/Bluemont,_Virginia" title="Bluemont, Virginia">Bluemont, Virginia</a>, branch to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Old_Dominion_Railroad#Washington_and_Old_Dominion_Railway_(1911–1936)" title="Washington and Old Dominion Railroad">Washington and Old Dominion Railway</a>. In 1945, the Southern sold most of the remnant of the branch to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Old_Dominion_Railroad" title="Washington and Old Dominion Railroad">Washington and Old Dominion Railroad</a>, the successor to the Washington and Old Dominion Railway.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central of Georgia">Central of Georgia</a> became part of the system in 1963, and the former <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway_(former)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern Railway (former)">Norfolk Southern Railway</a> was acquired in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these small acquisitions, the Southern disdained the merger trend when it swept the railroad industry in the 1960s, choosing to remain a regional carrier. In 1978 President <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Crane" title="Stanley Crane">L. Stanley Crane</a><sup id="cite_ref-NAE_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAE-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crane_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crane-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> said the refusal to add routes through merger was a mistake, especially the decision not to add a connecting route to Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-HOUSE1980_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOUSE1980-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern tried to gain access to Chicago by targeting the <a href="/wiki/Monon_Railroad" title="Monon Railroad">Monon Railroad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_Eastern_Illinois_Railroad" title="Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad">Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad</a> but both those railroads went to Southern's competitor, the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">Louisville and Nashville Railroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A decade later Crane tried to rectify the situation by merging with the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">Illinois Central Railroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When that failed, he petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">Interstate Commerce Commission</a> to give Southern the old Monon routes and the old Atlantic Coast Line route from Jacksonville to Tampa by way of Orlando among other properties as a condition of the I.C.C.'s approval of the Seaboard Coast Line – Chessie System merger in 1979. While the request was supported by the I.C.C.'s Enforcement Bureau, it was ultimately unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Becoming_part_of_the_Norfolk_Southern_Corporation">Becoming part of the Norfolk Southern Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Becoming part of the Norfolk Southern Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/CSX_Corporation" title="CSX Corporation">CSX Corporation</a> in November 1980, the Southern Railway joined forces with the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Western_Railway" title="Norfolk and Western Railway">Norfolk and Western Railway</a> and formed the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern Corporation">Norfolk Southern Corporation</a> in 1980 which began operations in 1982, further consolidating railroads in the eastern half of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern Railway was renamed <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a> as the Norfolk and Western Railway became a subsidiary to its system on June 1, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The railroad then acquired more than half of <a href="/wiki/Conrail" title="Conrail">Conrail</a> on June 1, 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_features">Notable features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southern and its predecessors were responsible for many firsts in the industry. Starting in 1833, its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Canal_and_Rail_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Canal and Rail Road">South Carolina Canal and Rail Road</a>, was the first to carry passengers, U.S. troops and mail on steam-powered trains<sup id="cite_ref-Brown,_William_H._1871_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown,_William_H._1871-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and experimented with railroad lighting. They had a pine log fire on a <a href="/wiki/Flatcar" title="Flatcar">flatcar</a>, covered in sand, to provide light at night before inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> was invented for lamps.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolmar2010_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolmar2010-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern operated some of the largest heavy repair shops of any US southeastern railroad. The oldest shops were located in <a href="/wiki/Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville">Knoxville</a>, Tennessee, first built in 1855. In 1890 they were relocated to the northwest side of the city and renamed Coster. The 1850s-era <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, Georgia shops were moved to the south side of the city in 1883. These were originally called South Shops but later renamed to Pegram. In 1907 a new terminal with medium repair capabilities was added to the north side of Atlanta. The modern and complete Spencer Shops, located 2.5 miles north of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina" title="Salisbury, North Carolina">Salisbury, North Carolina</a>, were opened in 1896. Another new shop site was established on the north side of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a> near the Findley Yard in 1924, taking the place of two obsolete facilities. The <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Indiana" title="Princeton, Indiana">Princeton, Indiana</a> shops were built in 1890. After the railroad switched to diesel power, the primary repair shops were consolidated to Spencer and Pegram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr2024_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr2024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern Railway began <a href="/wiki/Dieselisation" title="Dieselisation">dieselization</a> in 1941, and was the largest all-diesel railroad when it retired its last steam locomotive in 1953. The Southern Railway was active in mechanization, used <a href="/wiki/Bank_engine" title="Bank engine">helper engines</a>, is widely credited with inventing <a href="/wiki/Unit_train" title="Unit train">unit trains</a> for coal and new freight cars,<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly2001_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and understood the power of marketing using the promotional phrase "Southern Gives a Green Light to Innovation".<sup id="cite_ref-SolomonYough2009_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SolomonYough2009-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, a popular <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> <a href="/wiki/Excursion_train" title="Excursion train">excursion</a> program was instituted under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/W._Graham_Claytor_Jr." title="W. Graham Claytor Jr.">W. Graham Claytor Jr.</a>, and included Southern veteran locomotives <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_630" title="Southern Railway 630">No. 630</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_722" title="Southern Railway 722">No. 722</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p124_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p124-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_4501" title="Southern Railway 4501">No. 4501</a>, and Savannah & Atlanta No. 750 along with non-Southern locomotives such as <a href="/wiki/Texas_and_Pacific_610" title="Texas and Pacific 610">Texas & Pacific No. 610</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2005p114_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2005p114-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hudson#Southern_2839" title="Royal Hudson">Canadian Pacific No. 2839</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2005p123_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2005p123-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_2716" title="Chesapeake and Ohio 2716">Chesapeake & Ohio No. 2716</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schafer2000p134_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schafer2000p134-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The steam program continued after the 1982 merger with the Norfolk and Western to form the Norfolk Southern, through increased operating costs and concerns ended the program in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Schafer2000p134_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schafer2000p134-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norfolk Southern reinstated the steam program on a limited basis from 2011 to 2015, as the <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Steam" title="21st Century Steam">21st Century Steam</a> program. </p><p>In the early 2000s, a 22-mile (35 km) loop of former Southern Railway right-of-way encircling central <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> neighborhoods was acquired and is now the <a href="/wiki/BeltLine" class="mw-redirect" title="BeltLine">BeltLine</a> trail. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passenger_trains">Passenger trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Passenger trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG/220px-The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG/330px-The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG/440px-The_Tennessean_Southern_Railway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>A postcard showing the <i><a href="/wiki/Tennessean_(train)" title="Tennessean (train)">Tennessean</a></i> in its 1940s livery, with an <a href="/wiki/EMD_E6" title="EMD E6">EMD E6</a>A locomotive on the point</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Crescent_Lettering,_October_1976.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Southern_Crescent_Lettering%2C_October_1976.png/220px-Southern_Crescent_Lettering%2C_October_1976.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Southern_Crescent_Lettering%2C_October_1976.png/330px-Southern_Crescent_Lettering%2C_October_1976.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Southern_Crescent_Lettering%2C_October_1976.png/440px-Southern_Crescent_Lettering%2C_October_1976.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>Logo-type used for the <i><a href="/wiki/Crescent_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crescent (Amtrak)">Crescent</a></i> since its debut on the Southern's 6900-series <a href="/wiki/EMD_E8" title="EMD E8">EMD E8</a>A units, and later</figcaption></figure> <p>Along with its famed <i><a href="/wiki/Crescent_(Southern_Railway_train)" title="Crescent (Southern Railway train)">Crescent</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Southerner_(passenger_train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southerner (passenger train)">Southerner</a></i>, the Southern's other <a href="/wiki/Named_passenger_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="Named passenger trains">named passenger trains</a> included:<sup id="cite_ref-Schafer2000pp127-132_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schafer2000pp127-132-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aiken-Augusta_Special" title="Aiken-Augusta Special">Aiken-Augusta Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Airline_Belle" title="Airline Belle">Airline Belle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asheville_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Asheville Special">Asheville Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Special" title="Birmingham Special">Birmingham Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Special" title="Carolina Special">Carolina Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Mail_(Southern_Railway_train)" title="Fast Mail (Southern Railway train)">Fast Mail "Old 97"</a></i></li> <li><i>Florida Sunbeam</i></li> <li><i>Goldenrod</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City%E2%80%93Florida_Special" title="Kansas City–Florida Special">Kansas City–Florida Special</a></i></li> <li><i>Land of the Sky Special</i></li> <li><i>Memphis Special</i></li> <li><i>New Yorker</i></li> <li><i>Peach Queen</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelican_(train)" title="Pelican (train)">Pelican</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Limited" title="Piedmont Limited">Piedmont Limited</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ponce_de_Leon_(train)" title="Ponce de Leon (train)">Ponce de Leon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_Crescent_Limited" title="Queen and Crescent Limited">Queen and Crescent Limited</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palm_(train)" title="Royal Palm (train)">Royal Palm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skyland_Special" title="Skyland Special">Skyland Special</a></i></li> <li><i>Sunnyland</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessean_(train)" title="Tennessean (train)">Tennessean</a></i></li></ul> <p>The Southern Railway also handled ticket sales and operations for subsidiary railroads, such as: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hanks_(train)" title="Nancy Hanks (train)">The Nancy Hanks</a></i> (operated by Central of Georgia Railway)<sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p93_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p93-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Man O' War</i> (operated by Central of Georgia Railway)</li></ul> <p>The Southern Railway also participated in the operation of the <i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Miami_(train)" title="City of Miami (train)">City of Miami</a></i>, which was operated by the Southern Railway over the Central of Georgia trackage from <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Georgia" title="Albany, Georgia">Albany, Georgia</a>, where it traded off with the <a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Coast_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaboard Coast Line">Seaboard Coast Line</a> until its discontinuation in 1971. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> took over most intercity rail service in 1971, Southern initially opted out of turning over its passenger routes to the new organization. However, it shared operation of its flagship train, the New Orleans–New York <i>Southern Crescent</i>, with Amtrak. Under a longstanding haulage agreement inherited from <a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transportation_Company" title="Penn Central Transportation Company">Penn Central</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a>, Amtrak carried the train north of Washington. By the late 1970s, growing revenue losses and equipment-replacement expenses convinced Southern it could not continue in the passenger business. It handed full control of its passenger routes to Amtrak in 1979. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roads_owned_by_the_Southern_Railway">Roads owned by the Southern Railway</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roads owned by the Southern Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Great_Southern_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Great Southern Railway">Alabama Great Southern Railway</a> (AGS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_and_Northern_Railway" title="Albany and Northern Railway">Albany and Northern Railway</a> (A&N)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_%26_Eastern_Carolina_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic & Eastern Carolina Railway (page does not exist)">Atlantic & Eastern Carolina Railway</a> (A&EC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Terminal_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Terminal Company">Birmingham Terminal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camp_Lejeune_Railroad_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Lejeune Railroad Company (page does not exist)">Camp Lejeune Railroad Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_%26_North-Western_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina & North-Western Railway">Carolina and Northwestern Railway</a> (C&NW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_of_Georgia_Railway" title="Central of Georgia Railway">Central of Georgia Railway</a> (CofG)(CG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_New_Orleans_and_Texas_Pacific_Railway" title="Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway">Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway</a> (CNO&TP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattanooga_Station_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chattanooga Station Company (page does not exist)">Chattanooga Station Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattanooga_Traction_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chattanooga Traction Company (page does not exist)">Chattanooga Traction Company</a> (CTC)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_and_Florida_Railroad_(1926%E2%80%931971)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia and Florida Railroad (1926–1971) (page does not exist)">Georgia and Florida Railroad</a> (G&F)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Ashburn_Sylvester_and_Camilla_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Ashburn Sylvester and Camilla Railway (page does not exist)">Georgia Ashburn Sylvester and Camilla Railway</a> (GAS&C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Northern_Railway" title="Georgia Northern Railway">Georgia Northern Railway</a> (GANO) – acquired in 1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southern_and_Florida_Railway" title="Georgia Southern and Florida Railway">Georgia Southern and Florida Railway</a> (GS&F)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Railroad" title="Interstate Railroad">Interstate Railroad</a> (INT)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kentucky_and_Indiana_Terminal_Railroad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad (page does not exist)">Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad</a> (K&IT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievern_and_Knoxville_Railroad" title="Sievern and Knoxville Railroad">Sievern and Knoxville Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_Oak_Perry_and_Gulf_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live Oak Perry and Gulf Railway (page does not exist)">Live Oak Perry and Gulf Railway</a> (LOP&G)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Southern_Railway" title="Louisiana Southern Railway">Louisiana Southern Railway</a> (LS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_and_North_Eastern_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans and North Eastern Railway">New Orleans and North Eastern Railway</a> (NO≠)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Orleans_Terminal_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Orleans Terminal Company (page does not exist)">New Orleans Terminal Company</a> (NOTCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway_(1942%E2%80%931982)" title="Norfolk Southern Railway (1942–1982)">Norfolk Southern Railway</a> (NS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_and_Atlanta_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah and Atlanta Railway">Savannah & Atlanta Railway</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_John%27s_River_Terminal_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint John's River Terminal Company (page does not exist)">Saint John's River Terminal Company</a> (SJRT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_Railroad" title="State University Railroad">State University Railroad</a> Company (54%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_and_Georgia_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina and Georgia Railroad">South Carolina and Georgia Railroad</a> (SC&G)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Georgia_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Georgia Railway (page does not exist)">South Georgia Railway</a> (SG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee,_Alabama_and_Georgia_Railway" title="Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railway">Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railway</a> (TA&G)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Railway">Tennessee Railway</a> (TENN)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_railroad_yards">Major railroad yards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major railroad yards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chattanooga, Tennessee – DeButts Yard (formerly Citico Yard)</li> <li>Atlanta, Georgia – Inman Yard</li> <li>Spencer, North Carolina – Spencer Yard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a> – Norris Yard</li> <li>Knoxville, Tennessee – Sevier Yard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon, Georgia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terminal_Station_(Macon,_Georgia)#Brosnan_Yard" title="Terminal Station (Macon, Georgia)">Brosnan Yard</a><sup id="cite_ref-Loy2004p54_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loy2004p54-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield,_Alabama" title="Sheffield, Alabama">Sheffield, Alabama</a> – Sheffield Yard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a> – Cameron Yard</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_officers">Company officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Company officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presidents of the Southern Railway: </p> <ul><li>Samuel Spencer (1894–1906)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William Finley (1906–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Harrison" title="Fairfax Harrison">Fairfax Harrison</a> (1913–1937)</li> <li>Ernest E. Norris (1937–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._DeButts" title="Harry A. DeButts">Harry A. DeButts</a> (1951–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._William_Brosnan" title="D. William Brosnan">D. William Brosnan</a> (1962–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Graham_Claytor_Jr." title="W. Graham Claytor Jr.">W. Graham Claytor Jr.</a> (1967–1977)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Crane" title="Stanley Crane">L. Stanley Crane</a><sup id="cite_ref-NAE_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAE-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crane_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crane-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1977–1980)</li> <li>Harold H. Hall (1980–1982)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_unit">Heritage unit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Heritage unit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To mark its 30th anniversary, Norfolk Southern painted 20 new locomotives with the paint schemes of predecessor railroads. <a href="/wiki/GE_ES44AC" class="mw-redirect" title="GE ES44AC">GE ES44AC</a> #8099 was painted in Southern Railway's green and white livery.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May of 2023, the engine was released from the Juniata Engine shops<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Altoona, Pennsylvania, after having been repaired from a derailment in December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg/48px-Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg/64px-Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Railways">Railways portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FM_OP800" title="FM OP800">FM OP800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway%27s_Spencer_Shops" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway's Spencer Shops">Southern Railway's Spencer Shops</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SRHA2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SRHA2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SRHA2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srha.net/public/history/history.htm">"Southern Railway History"</a>. <i>Southern Railway Historical Association</i>. March 5, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429102009/http://www.srha.net/public/history/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Railway+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Southern+Railway+History&rft.date=2017-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srha.net%2Fpublic%2Fhistory%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCEncyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCEncyclopedia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCEncyclopedia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarrs" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Marrs, Aaron W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419170357/http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/south-carolina-railroad/">"South Carolina Railroad: December 19, 1827–1902"</a>. <i>South Carolina Encyclopedia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/south-carolina-railroad/">the original</a> on April 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+Carolina+Railroad%3A+December+19%2C+1827%E2%80%931902&rft.btitle=South+Carolina+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Marrs&rft.aufirst=Aaron+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scencyclopedia.org%2Fsce%2Fentries%2Fsouth-carolina-railroad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2004p7-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p7_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p7_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2004">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2004)</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips1908-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phillips1908_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrich_Bonnell_Phillips1908" class="citation book cs1">Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transportationi00philgoog"><i>Transportation in the Ante-bellum South: An Economic Analysis</i></a>. Ulrich Bonnell Phillips. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transportationi00philgoog/page/n172">148</a>–153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transportation+in+the+Ante-bellum+South%3A+An+Economic+Analysis&rft.pages=148-153&rft.pub=Ulrich+Bonnell+Phillips&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Ulrich+Bonnell+Phillips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransportationi00philgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LotMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA526"><i>Harper's Encyclopædia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1905: Based Upon the Plan of Benson John Lossing ...</i></a> Harper & brothers. 1906. p. 526.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harper%27s+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+United+States+History+from+458+A.D.+to+1905%3A+Based+Upon+the+Plan+of+Benson+John+Lossing+...&rft.pages=526&rft.pub=Harper+%26+brothers&rft.date=1906&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLotMAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenbergKahn1997-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreenbergKahn1997_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenbergKahn1997_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSue_GreenbergJan_Kahn1997" class="citation book cs1">Sue Greenberg; Jan Kahn (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcwoqGpt6UEC&pg=PA10"><i>Asheville: A Postcard History</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-0807-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-0807-1"><bdi>978-0-7524-0807-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asheville%3A+A+Postcard+History&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-0807-1&rft.au=Sue+Greenberg&rft.au=Jan+Kahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKcwoqGpt6UEC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cozzens1997-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cozzens1997_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCozzens1997" class="citation book cs1">Cozzens, Peter (1997). <i>The Darkest Days of the War The Battles of Iuka&Corinth</i>. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-5783-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-5783-0"><bdi>978-0-8078-5783-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Darkest+Days+of+the+War+The+Battles+of+Iuka%26Corinth&rft.place=North+Carolina&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-5783-0&rft.aulast=Cozzens&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart2014_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Stewart2014" class="citation book cs1">John Stewart (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1GfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT28"><i>Jefferson Davis's Flight from Richmond: The Calm Morning, Lee's Telegrams, the Evacuation, the Train, the Passengers, the Trip, the Arrival in Danville and the Historians' Frauds</i></a>. McFarland. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1640-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1640-7"><bdi>978-1-4766-1640-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jefferson+Davis%27s+Flight+from+Richmond%3A+The+Calm+Morning%2C+Lee%27s+Telegrams%2C+the+Evacuation%2C+the+Train%2C+the+Passengers%2C+the+Trip%2C+the+Arrival+in+Danville+and+the+Historians%27+Frauds&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-1640-7&rft.au=John+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1GfBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commissioners1895-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Commissioners1895_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth_Carolina._Board_of_Railroad_Commissioners1895" class="citation book cs1">North Carolina. Board of Railroad Commissioners (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BNk2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR12"><i>Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of North Carolina</i></a>. J. Daniels, state printer. pp. iv–xiii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Board+of+Railroad+Commissioners+of+North+Carolina&rft.pages=iv-xiii&rft.pub=J.+Daniels%2C+state+printer&rft.date=1895&rft.au=North+Carolina.+Board+of+Railroad+Commissioners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBNk2AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2004p8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p8_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2004">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2004)</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620154916/https://www.nytimes.com/1906/11/30/archives/samuel-spencer-killed-in-wreck-head-of-southern-railway-and-guests.html/">"Samuel Spencer Killed In Wreck"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. November 30, 1906. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1906/11/30/archives/samuel-spencer-killed-in-wreck-head-of-southern-railway-and-guests.html">the original</a> on June 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Samuel+Spencer+Killed+In+Wreck&rft.date=1906-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1906%2F11%2F30%2Farchives%2Fsamuel-spencer-killed-in-wreck-head-of-southern-railway-and-guests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(1) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood2000" class="citation book cs1">Harwood, Herbert H. Jr. (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928181826/http://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch/DOCS/198p01!.PDF"><i>Rails to the Blue Ridge: The Washington and Old Dominion Railroad, 1847–1968</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Station,_Virginia" title="Fairfax Station, Virginia">Fairfax Station, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/NOVA_Parks" title="NOVA Parks">Northern Virginia Parks Authority</a>. pp. 45–46, 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-615-11453-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-615-11453-9"><bdi>0-615-11453-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/77104382">77104382</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44685168">44685168</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch/DOCS/198p01!.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rails+to+the+Blue+Ridge%3A+The+Washington+and+Old+Dominion+Railroad%2C+1847%E2%80%931968&rft.place=Fairfax+Station%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=45-46%2C+90&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Northern+Virginia+Parks+Authority&rft.date=2000-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44685168&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F77104382&rft.isbn=0-615-11453-9&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=Herbert+H.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scc.virginia.gov%2Fdocketsearch%2FDOCS%2F198p01%21.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span> <i>In</i> Appendix K of Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority – Pre-filed Direct Testimony of Mr. Hafner, Mr. Mcray and Mr. Simmons, November 30, 2005 (Part 5), Case No. PUE-2005-00018, <a href="/wiki/State_Corporation_Commission_(Virginia)" title="State Corporation Commission (Virginia)">Virginia State Corporation Commission</a>. Obtained in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch#search">"Case Docket Search"</a>. Virginia State Corporation Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928192916/http://www.scc.virginia.gov/docketsearch#search">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Case+Docket+Search&rft.pub=Virginia+State+Corporation+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scc.virginia.gov%2Fdocketsearch%23search&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span><br />(2) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1989" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Ames W. (1989). <i>The Washington and Old Dominion Railroad</i>. Arlington, Virginia: <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington Historical Society">Arlington Historical Society</a>. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-926984-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-926984-00-4"><bdi>0-926984-00-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20461397">20461397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Washington+and+Old+Dominion+Railroad&rft.place=Arlington%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Arlington+Historical+Society&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20461397&rft.isbn=0-926984-00-4&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ames+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAE-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAE_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAE_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nae.edu/29537.aspx">"NAE Website – Mr. L. Stanley Crane"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110023702/http://www.nae.edu/29537.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NAE+Website+%E2%80%93+Mr.+L.+Stanley+Crane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nae.edu%2F29537.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crane-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crane_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crane_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>L. Stanley Crane</i> (born in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, 1915) raised in Washington, lived in <a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in 1981. He began his career with <i>Southern Railway</i> after graduating from <a href="/wiki/The_George_Washington_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The George Washington University">The George Washington University</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a> degree in 1938. He worked for the railroad, except for a stint from 1959 to 1961 with the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a>, until reaching the company's mandatory retirement age in 1980. <i>Crane</i> went to <a href="/wiki/Conrail" title="Conrail">Conrail</a> in 1981 after a distinguished career that had seen him rise to the position of CEO at the Southern Railway. He died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> on July 15, 2003, at a hospice in <a href="/wiki/Boynton_Beach,_Florida" title="Boynton Beach, Florida">Boynton Beach, Florida</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOUSE1980-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HOUSE1980_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1980-pt14/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1980-pt14-2-1.pdf">"Deadline Set on Rail Merger"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S.Government Publishing Office</i>. June 30, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921182539/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1980-pt14/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1980-pt14-2-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2017</span>. <q>The purpose of the agency is to give railroads an opportunity to purchase portions of the Chessie and Seaboard systems. Cited as an example was the Southern Railroad's interest in the Louisville & Nashville line between Louisville, Ky., and Chicago, Ill. 'There may be other examples where parties have been unable to agree on specific terms such as price of properties and operational arrangements because of a failure to communicate adequately,' the agency said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.Government+Publishing+Office&rft.atitle=Deadline+Set+on+Rail+Merger&rft.date=1980-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1980-pt14%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1980-pt14-2-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1968/03/22/page/71/article/monon-l-n-roads-act-to-merge">"Monon, L&N. Roads Act to Merge"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. March 22, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619093514/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1968/03/22/page/71/article/monon-l-n-roads-act-to-merge/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Monon%2C+L%26N.+Roads+Act+to+Merge&rft.date=1968-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1968%2F03%2F22%2Fpage%2F71%2Farticle%2Fmonon-l-n-roads-act-to-merge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1978/07/05/page/69/article/southern-dreams-of-chicago">"Southern Dreams of Chicago"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. July 5, 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619092701/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1978/07/05/page/69/article/southern-dreams-of-chicago/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Southern+Dreams+of+Chicago&rft.date=1978-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1978%2F07%2F05%2Fpage%2F69%2Farticle%2Fsouthern-dreams-of-chicago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">April 8, 1978 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1978/04/08/110828112.html?pageNumber=29">"I.C.C. Urged to Split Seaboard Coast Line"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 8, 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313171300/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1978/04/08/110828112.html?pageNumber=29">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=I.C.C.+Urged+to+Split+Seaboard+Coast+Line&rft.date=1978-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1978%2F04%2F08%2F110828112.html%3FpageNumber%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180519222859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1982/02/22/southern-rail-n38/d1ea6219-83be-429c-b969-282d36389830/">"Southern Rail, N&"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. February 22, 1982. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1982/02/22/southern-rail-n38/d1ea6219-83be-429c-b969-282d36389830/">the original</a> on May 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Southern+Rail%2C+N%26&rft.date=1982-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F1982%2F02%2F22%2Fsouthern-rail-n38%2Fd1ea6219-83be-429c-b969-282d36389830%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NorfolkSouthernMergerFamilyTree_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719112504/http://trn.trains.com/railroads/railroad-history/2006/06/norfolk-southern-merger-family-tree">"Norfolk Southern merger family tree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a></i>. June 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trn.trains.com/railroads/railroad-history/2006/06/norfolk-southern-merger-family-tree">the original</a> on July 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Southern+merger+family+tree&rft.date=2006-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrn.trains.com%2Frailroads%2Frailroad-history%2F2006%2F06%2Fnorfolk-southern-merger-family-tree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1985">Davis (1985)</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown,_William_H._1871-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown,_William_H._1871_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_William_H.1871" class="citation book cs1">Brown, William H. (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011126015654/http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/brown/">"Chapter XXIX: Explosion of "Best Friend"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/brown/"><i>The History of the First Locomotives in America; From Original Documents And The Testimony Of Living Witnesses</i></a>. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/brown/chpt29.html">the original</a> on November 26, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XXIX%3A+Explosion+of+%22Best+Friend%22&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+First+Locomotives+in+America%3B+From+Original+Documents+And+The+Testimony+Of+Living+Witnesses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1871&rft.au=Brown%2C+William+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.rochester.edu%2Fsteam%2Fbrown%2Fchpt29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolmar2010-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolmar2010_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Wolmar2010" class="citation book cs1">Christian Wolmar (March 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yjauMPhk9WAC&pg=PA72"><i>Blood, Iron, and Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World</i></a>. PublicAffairs. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-851-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-851-2"><bdi>978-1-58648-851-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313171306/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjauMPhk9WAC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood%2C+Iron%2C+and+Gold%3A+How+the+Railways+Transformed+the+World&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2010-03-02&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-851-2&rft.au=Christian+Wolmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyjauMPhk9WAC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr2024-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr2024_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarr2024">Starr 2024</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly2001-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly2001_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_SolomonPatrick_Yough2009" class="citation book cs1">Brian Solomon; Patrick Yough (July 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAIiJCH4Kw8C&pg=PA13"><i>Coal Trains: The History of Railroading and Coal in the United States</i></a>. MBI Publishing Company. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61673-137-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61673-137-3"><bdi>978-1-61673-137-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313171313/https://books.google.com/books?id=oAIiJCH4Kw8C&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coal+Trains%3A+The+History+of+Railroading+and+Coal+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft.isbn=978-1-61673-137-3&rft.au=Brian+Solomon&rft.au=Patrick+Yough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoAIiJCH4Kw8C%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SolomonYough2009-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SolomonYough2009_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2001" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, John (April 5, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410185113/http://ctr.trains.com/railroad-reference/operations/2001/04/selling-the-service">"Selling the service: A look at memorable railroad slogans and heralds through the years"</a>. <i>Classic Trains Magazine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kalmbach_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmbach Publishing">Kalmbach Publishing</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctr.trains.com/railroad-reference/operations/2001/04/selling-the-service">the original</a> on April 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classic+Trains+Magazine&rft.atitle=Selling+the+service%3A+A+look+at+memorable+railroad+slogans+and+heralds+through+the+years&rft.date=2001-04-05&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fctr.trains.com%2Frailroad-reference%2Foperations%2F2001%2F04%2Fselling-the-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2004p124-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p124_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2004">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2004)</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2005p114-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loy2005p114_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2005">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2005)</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2005p123-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loy2005p123_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2005">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2005)</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schafer2000p134-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schafer2000p134_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schafer2000p134_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchafer2000">Schafer (2000)</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1994" class="citation news cs1">Phillips, Don (October 29, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/10/29/norfolk-southern-plans-to-end-nostalgic-steam-locomotive-program/18caf343-d584-4a5c-bde7-ed3e68cd4da1/">"Norfolk Southern plans to end nostalgic steam locomotive program"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/10/29/norfolk-southern-plans-to-end-nostalgic-steam-locomotive-program/18caf343-d584-4a5c-bde7-ed3e68cd4da1/">the original</a> on November 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Southern+plans+to+end+nostalgic+steam+locomotive+program&rft.date=1994-10-29&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1994%2F10%2F29%2Fnorfolk-southern-plans-to-end-nostalgic-steam-locomotive-program%2F18caf343-d584-4a5c-bde7-ed3e68cd4da1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schafer2000pp127-132-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schafer2000pp127-132_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchafer2000">Schafer (2000)</a>, pp. 127–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2004p93-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p93_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2004">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2004)</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loy2004p54-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loy2004p54_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2004">Loy, Hillman & Cates (2004)</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205080337/http://www.gorowan.com/spencer">"The History of the railroad and Spencer"</a>. North Carolina Transportation Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorowan.com/spencer/">the original</a> on February 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+railroad+and+Spencer&rft.pub=North+Carolina+Transportation+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gorowan.com%2Fspencer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721161718/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?r103:E18MY4-295:">quotes from article by journalist Don Phillips of the <i>Washington Post</i> in a "Tribute to W. Graham Claytor, Jr." published May, 1994</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscorp.com/content/nscorp/en/the-norfolk-southern-story/heritage-locomotives.html">Heritage Locomotives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202041538/http://www.nscorp.com/content/nscorp/en/the-norfolk-southern-story/heritage-locomotives.html">Archived</a> February 2, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Norfolk Southern</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscorp.com/content/nscorp/en/news/norfolk-southernsheritagelocomotives.html">Norfolk Southern Heritage Locomotives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212163521/http://www.nscorp.com/content/nscorp/en/news/norfolk-southernsheritagelocomotives.html">Archived</a> December 12, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Norfolk Southern</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altoonaworks.info/">"AltoonaWorks.info"</a>. <i>www.altoonaworks.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230616213150/http://www.altoonaworks.info/">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.altoonaworks.info&rft.atitle=AltoonaWorks.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.altoonaworks.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/ns-derailment-damages-southern-railway-heritage-unit/">"NS derailment damages Southern Railway heritage unit"</a>. <i>Trains</i>. December 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=NS+derailment+damages+Southern+Railway+heritage+unit&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trains.com%2Ftrn%2Fnews-reviews%2Fnews-wire%2Fns-derailment-damages-southern-railway-heritage-unit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1985" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Burke (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southernrailwayr00davi"><i>The Southern Railway: Roads of the Innovators</i></a> (1st ed.). University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-1636-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-1636-1"><bdi>0-8078-1636-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Railway%3A+Roads+of+the+Innovators&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8078-1636-1&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Burke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthernrailwayr00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2004" class="citation book cs1">Loy, Sallie; Hillman, Dick; Cates, C. Pat (2004). <i>The Southern Railway</i>. Images of Rail (1st ed.). Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1641-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1641-7"><bdi>978-0-7385-1641-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Railway&rft.series=Images+of+Rail&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-1641-7&rft.aulast=Loy&rft.aufirst=Sallie&rft.au=Hillman%2C+Dick&rft.au=Cates%2C+C.+Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyHillmanCates2005" class="citation book cs1">Loy, Sallie; Hillman, Dick; Cates, C. Pat (2005). <i>The Southern Railway: Further Recollections</i>. Images of Rail (1st ed.). Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1831-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1831-2"><bdi>978-0-7385-1831-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Railway%3A+Further+Recollections&rft.series=Images+of+Rail&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-1831-2&rft.aulast=Loy&rft.aufirst=Sallie&rft.au=Hillman%2C+Dick&rft.au=Cates%2C+C.+Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer2000" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Mike (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moreclassicameri00mike"><i>More Classic American Railroads</i></a> (1st ed.). Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0758-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0758-X"><bdi>0-7603-0758-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Classic+American+Railroads&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7603-0758-X&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoreclassicameri00mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2024" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Timothy (2024). <i>The Back Shop Illustrated, Volume 3: Southeast and Western Regions</i>. Privately printed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Back+Shop+Illustrated%2C+Volume+3%3A+Southeast+and+Western+Regions&rft.pub=Privately+printed&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Historical Guide to North American Railroads, Third Edition</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Kalmbach_Media" title="Kalmbach Media">Kalmbach Publishing</a>. 2014. pp. 273–275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89024-970-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89024-970-3"><bdi>978-0-89024-970-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Guide+to+North+American+Railroads%2C+Third+Edition&rft.pages=273-275&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Kalmbach+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-89024-970-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0IkjAQAAMAAJ&q=mobile+and+birmingham+railroad">Harrison, Fairfax. <i>A History of the Legal Development of the Railroad System of Southern Railway Company</i>.</a> Washington, D.C.: 1901.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2007" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Tom (2007). <i>Southern Railway</i>. MBI Railroad Color History (1st ed.). Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2545-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2545-2"><bdi>978-0-7603-2545-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Railway&rft.series=MBI+Railroad+Color+History&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-2545-2&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince1970" class="citation book cs1">Prince, Richard E. (1970). <i>Steam Locomotives and Boats: Southern Railway System</i> (2nd ed.). Wheelwright Lithographing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9600088-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9600088-4-5"><bdi>0-9600088-4-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam+Locomotives+and+Boats%3A+Southern+Railway+System&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wheelwright+Lithographing+Company&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-9600088-4-5&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Railway+%28U.S.%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_(U.S.)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Southern_Railway_(US)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Southern Railway (US)">Southern Railway (US)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srha.net/">Southern Railway Historical Association</a> covers Southern Railway history</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511052654/https://www.abandonedrails.com/gallery.asp?t=2&id=457">Railroad lines abandoned by the Southern Railway</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2008-05-11), which was replaced by a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abandonedrails.com/southern-railway">map version on AbandonedRails.com</a>.</li></ul> 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steam_Locomotives_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="Template:Steam Locomotives of the Southern Railway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steam_Locomotives_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="Template talk:Steam Locomotives of the Southern Railway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steam_Locomotives_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steam Locomotives of the Southern Railway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steam_Locomotives_of_the_Southern_Railway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">Steam Locomotives</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Southern Railway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger Locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_B_Class&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway B Class (page does not exist)">B (4-4-0)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_C_Class&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway C Class (page does not exist)">C (4-4-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_F_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway F classes (page does not exist)">F (4-6-0)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_P_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway P classes (page does not exist)">P (4-6-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_Ps-4_class" title="Southern Railway Ps-4 class">Ps-4 (4-6-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_Ts_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway Ts classes (page does not exist)">Ts (4-8-2)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg/60px-Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg/90px-Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg/120px-Southern_Railway_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="144" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freight and Switching Locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_A_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway A classes (page does not exist)">A (various)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_D_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway D classes (page does not exist)">D (2-6-0)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_E_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway E classes (page does not exist)">E (4-6-0)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_G,_H,_I,_and_J_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway G, H, I, and J classes (page does not exist)">G, H, I, J (2-8-0)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_K_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway K classes (page does not exist)">K (2-8-0)</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_Ls_classes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway Ls classes (page does not exist)">Ls (2-8-8-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Railway_Ms_Class&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Railway Ms Class (page does not exist)">Ms (2-8-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(U.S.)_Class_Ms-2" title="Southern Railway (U.S.) Class Ms-2">Ms-2 (2-8-2 Tractor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_Ss_class" title="Southern Railway Ss class">Ss (2-10-2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Survivors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_107" title="Southern Railway 107">107 (G)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_154" title="Southern Railway 154">154 (G)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_385" title="Southern Railway 385">385 (H-4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_401" title="Southern Railway 401">401 (H-4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_542" title="Southern Railway 542">542 (J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_630" title="Southern Railway 630">630 (Ks-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_722" title="Southern Railway 722">722 (Ks-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_1401" title="Southern Railway 1401">1401 (Ps-4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_1509" title="Southern Railway 1509">1509 (A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_1643" title="Southern Railway 1643">1643 (A-7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_4501" title="Southern Railway 4501">4501 (Ms)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Named_trains_of_the_Southern_Railway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:#2b5a50; background:#f2be1d;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Named_Trains_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="Template:Named Trains of the Southern Railway"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#2b5a50">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Named_Trains_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="Template talk:Named Trains of the Southern Railway"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#2b5a50">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Named_Trains_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Named Trains of the Southern Railway"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#2b5a50">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Named_trains_of_the_Southern_Railway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Named trains of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #2b5a50; text-decoration: inherit;">Southern Railway</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aiken-Augusta_Special" title="Aiken-Augusta Special">Aiken-Augusta Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Airline_Belle" title="Airline Belle">Airline Belle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asheville_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Asheville Special">Asheville Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aiken-Augusta_Special" title="Aiken-Augusta Special">Augusta Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Special" title="Birmingham Special">Birmingham Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Special" title="Carolina Special">Carolina Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crescent_(Southern_Railway_train)" title="Crescent (Southern Railway train)">Crescent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crescent_(Southern_Railway_train)" title="Crescent (Southern Railway train)">Crescent Limited</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Mail_(Southern_Railway_train)" title="Fast Mail (Southern Railway train)">Fast Mail "Old 97"</a></i></li> <li><i>Florida Sunbeam</i></li> <li><i>Goldenrod</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City-Florida_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City-Florida Special">Kansas City-Florida Special</a></i></li> <li><i>Land of the Sky Special</i></li> <li><i>Memphis Special</i></li> <li><i>New Yorker</i></li> <li><i>Peach Queen</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelican_(train)" title="Pelican (train)">Pelican</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crescent_(Southern_Railway_train)" title="Crescent (Southern Railway train)">Piedmont</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Limited" title="Piedmont Limited">Piedmont Limited</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ponce_de_Leon_(train)" title="Ponce de Leon (train)">Ponce de Leon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_Crescent_Limited" title="Queen and Crescent Limited">Queen and Crescent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palm_(train)" title="Royal Palm (train)">Royal Palm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skyland_Special" title="Skyland Special">Skyland Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crescent_(train)" title="Crescent (train)">Southern Crescent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southerner_(U.S._train)" title="Southerner (U.S. train)">Southerner</a></i></li> <li><i>Sunnyland</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessean_(train)" title="Tennessean (train)">Tennessean</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Railway_Logo,_February_1970.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg/100px-Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg/150px-Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg/200px-Southern_Railway_Logo%2C_February_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1215" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Class_I_railroads_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_Class_I" title="Template:North America Class I"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_Class_I" title="Template talk:North America Class I"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_Class_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America Class I"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Class_I_railroads_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroad">Class I railroads</a> of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">AMTK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">CN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Corporation" title="Grand Trunk Corporation">GTC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Kansas_City" title="Canadian Pacific Kansas City">CPKC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_Railway" title="Kansas City Southern Railway">KCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soo_Line_Railroad" title="Soo Line Railroad">SOO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">UP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Canada" title="Rail transport in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Kansas_City" title="Canadian Pacific Kansas City">CPKC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">CP</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">VIA</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Mexico" title="Rail transport in Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Kansas_City" title="Canadian Pacific Kansas City">CPKC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Kansas City Southern de México">KCSM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferromex" title="Ferromex">FXE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1956–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor_Railroad_(1895%E2%80%931976)" title="Ann Arbor Railroad (1895–1976)">AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Line_Railroad" title="Atlantic Coast Line Railroad">ACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Canton_and_Youngstown_Railroad" title="Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railroad">AC&Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Great_Southern_Railroad" title="Alabama Great Southern Railroad">AGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_and_St._Andrews_Bay_Railroad" title="Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Railroad">ASAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama,_Tennessee_and_Northern_Railroad" title="Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad">AT&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway">AT&SF</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auto-Train_Corporation" title="Auto-Train Corporation">AUT</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_and_West_Point_Railroad" title="Atlanta and West Point Railroad">A&WP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_and_Aroostook_Railroad" title="Bangor and Aroostook Railroad">B&AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Maine_Railroad" title="Boston and Maine Railroad">B&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Railroad" title="Burlington Northern Railroad">BN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">B&O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_and_Northwestern_Railway" title="Carolina and Northwestern Railway">CAR&NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Burlington_and_Quincy_Railroad" title="Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad">CB&Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_Eastern_Illinois_Railroad" title="Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad">C&EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_of_Georgia_Railway" title="Central of Georgia Railway">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Great_Western_Railway" title="Chicago Great Western Railway">CGW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_and_Midland_Railroad" title="Illinois and Midland Railroad">C&IM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Railroad_of_New_Jersey" title="Central Railroad of New Jersey">CNJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_New_Orleans_and_Texas_Pacific_Railway" title="Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway">CNO&TP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_North_Western_Transportation_Company" title="Chicago and North Western Transportation Company">C&NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Railway" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Railway">C&O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Lines_in_Maine" title="Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine">CPME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrail" title="Conrail">CR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinchfield_Railroad" title="Clinchfield Railroad">CRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_and_Southern_Railway" title="Colorado and Southern Railway">C&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chessie_System" title="Chessie System">CS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_St._Paul,_Minneapolis_and_Omaha_Railway" title="Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway">CSPM&O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vermont_Railway" title="Central Vermont Railway">CV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_and_Wyoming_Railway" title="Colorado and Wyoming Railway">C&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_and_Western_Carolina_Railway" title="Charleston and Western Carolina Railway">C&WC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Railway" title="Delaware and Hudson Railway">DH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware,_Lackawanna_and_Western_Railroad" title="Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad">DL&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Missabe_and_Iron_Range_Railway" title="Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway">DM&IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_and_Rio_Grande_Western_Railroad" title="Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad">D&RGW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_South_Shore_and_Atlantic_Railway" title="Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway">DSS&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Toledo_and_Ironton_Railroad" title="Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad">DT&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_and_Toledo_Shore_Line_Railroad" title="Detroit and Toledo Shore Line Railroad">D&TSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Winnipeg_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway">DW&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Joliet_and_Eastern_Railway" title="Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway">EJ&E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Lackawanna_Railway" title="Erie Lackawanna Railway">EL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Railroad" title="Erie Railroad">ERIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_East_Coast_Railway" title="Florida East Coast Railway">FEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth_and_Denver_Railway" title="Fort Worth and Denver Railway">FW&D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Railroad_and_Banking_Company" title="Georgia Railroad and Banking Company">GA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_and_Western_Railroad" title="Green Bay and Western Railroad">GB&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_Florida_Railroad_(1926%E2%80%9363)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia and Florida Railroad (1926–63)">G&F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf,_Mobile_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad">GM&O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Great Northern Railway (U.S.)">GN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Southern_and_Florida_Railway" title="Georgia Southern and Florida Railway">GS&F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Western_Railroad" title="Grand Trunk Western Railroad">GTW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">IC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">ICG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Terminal_Railroad" title="Illinois Terminal Railroad">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas,_Oklahoma_and_Gulf_Railway" title="Kansas, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway">KO&G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_and_Arkansas_Railway" title="Louisiana and Arkansas Railway">L&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_and_Hudson_River_Railway" title="Lehigh and Hudson River Railway">L&HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfield_and_Madison_Railway" title="Litchfield and Madison Railway">L&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">L&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_and_New_England_Railroad" title="Lehigh and New England Railroad">L&NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior_and_Ishpeming_Railroad" title="Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad">LS&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley_Railroad" title="Lehigh Valley Railroad">LV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Central_Railroad_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Maine Central Railroad Company">MEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_Railway" title="Monongahela Railway">MGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri%E2%80%93Illinois_Railroad" title="Missouri–Illinois Railroad">MI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Milwaukee,_St._Paul_and_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad">MILW/CMStP&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Interstate_Railway" title="Michigan Interstate Railway">MIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas%E2%80%93Texas_Railroad" title="Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad">MKT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Northfield_and_Southern_Railway" title="Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway">MN&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monon_Railroad" title="Monon Railroad">MON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Pacific_Railroad" title="Missouri Pacific Railroad">MP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_and_St._Louis_Railway" title="Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway">M&STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Chattanooga_and_St._Louis_Railway" title="Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway">NC&STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_Haven_and_Hartford_Railroad" title="New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad">NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_Chicago_and_St._Louis_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad">NKP/ NYC&StL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_Susquehanna_and_Western_Railway" title="New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway">NYS&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_and_Northeastern_Railroad" title="New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad">NO&NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railway" title="Northern Pacific Railway">NP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway_(1942%E2%80%9382)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern Railway (1942–82)">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Western_Railway" title="Norfolk and Western Railway">N&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Northwestern Pacific Railroad">NWP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Connecting_Railroad" title="New York Connecting Railroad">NYCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_Ontario_and_Western_Railway" title="New York, Ontario and Western Railway">NYO&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transportation_Company" title="Penn Central Transportation Company">PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_and_Lake_Erie_Railroad" title="Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad">P&LE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_and_Northern_Railway" title="Piedmont and Northern Railway">P&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">PRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania-Reading_Seashore_Lines" title="Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines">PRSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_and_West_Virginia_Railway" title="Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway">P&WV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Company" title="Reading Company">RDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Fredericksburg_and_Potomac_Railroad" title="Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad">RF&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Railroad" title="Rutland Railroad">RUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanah,_Acme_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railway">QA&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Rock_Island_and_Pacific_Railroad" title="Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad">RI/CRIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_and_Atlanta_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah and Atlanta Railway">S&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Air_Line_Railroad" title="Seaboard Air Line Railroad">SAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_System_Railroad" title="Seaboard System Railroad">SBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Coast_Line_Railroad" title="Seaboard Coast Line Railroad">SCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_and_Arizona_Eastern_Railway" title="San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway">SD&AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Railroad" title="Spokane International Railroad">SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">SIRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93San_Francisco_Railway" title="St. Louis–San Francisco Railway">SLSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_San_Francisco_and_Texas_Railway" title="St. Louis, San Francisco and Texas Railway">SLSFTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Northern_Railway" title="Sacramento Northern Railway">SN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_St._Paul_and_Sault_Ste._Marie_Railroad" title="Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad">SOO/MStP&SSM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SOU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">SP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Portland_and_Seattle_Railway" title="Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway">SP&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Southwestern_Railway" title="St. Louis Southwestern Railway">SSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Central_Railway" title="Tennessee Central Railway">TC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Kansas City Southern de México">TFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Mexican_Railway" title="Texas Mexican Railway">TM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_and_New_Orleans_Railroad" title="Texas and New Orleans Railroad">T&NO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Texas and Pacific Railway">T&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Peoria_and_Western_Railway" title="Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway">TP&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginian_Railway" title="Virginian Railway">VGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_of_Alabama" title="Western Railway of Alabama">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_Railroad" title="Wabash Railroad">WAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Central_Railway_(1897%E2%80%931954)" title="Wisconsin Central Railway (1897–1954)">WC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Maryland_Railway" title="Western Maryland Railway">WM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pacific_Railroad" title="Western Pacific Railroad">WP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">pre-1956</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alton_Railroad" title="Alton Railroad">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Birmingham_and_Atlantic_Railway" title="Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railway">AB&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Birmingham_and_Coast_Railroad" title="Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad">AB&C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Railroad" title="Atlantic City Railroad">AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_and_Danville_Railway" title="Atlantic and Danville Railway">A&D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_and_Atlantic_Railroad" title="St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad">A&STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte,_Anaconda_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railway">BA&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Chesapeake_and_Atlantic_Railway" title="Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic Railway">BC&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennecott_Utah_Copper_rail_line" title="Kennecott Utah Copper rail line">B&G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington-Rock_Island_Railroad" title="Burlington-Rock Island Railroad">BRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_Rochester_and_Pittsburgh_Railway" title="Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway">BR&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_and_Susquehanna_Railroad" title="Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad">B&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Sour_Lake_and_Western_Railway" title="Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western Railway">BSL&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_Railroad" title="Alton Railroad">C&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Akron_and_Columbus_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Akron and Columbus Railway">CA&C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_and_Coke_Railway" title="Coal and Coke Railway">C&C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Cincinnati,_Chicago_and_St._Louis_Railway" title="Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway">CCC&STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_Atlantic_Railway" title="Chicago and Atlantic Railway">C&E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_and_Greenville_Railway" title="Columbus and Greenville Railway">C&G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Hamilton_and_Dayton_Railway_(1846%E2%80%931917)" title="Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway (1846–1917)">CH&D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_and_Indiana_Railroad" title="Cambria and Indiana Railroad">C&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Northern_Railroad_(1894%E2%80%931938)" title="Cincinnati Northern Railroad (1894–1938)">CINN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Indiana_and_Southern_Railroad" title="Chicago, Indiana and Southern Railroad">CI&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Indianapolis_and_Western_Railroad" title="Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western Railroad">CI&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Lebanon_and_Northern_Railway" title="Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway">CL&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Midland_Railway" title="Colorado Midland Railway">CM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Milwaukee_and_Puget_Sound_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Railway">CM&PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_England_Railway" title="Central New England Railway">CNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_and_Atlantic_Railroad" title="St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad">CNNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Railway">CNOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Peoria_and_St._Louis_Railroad" title="Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Railroad">CP&STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Lines_in_Vermont" title="Canadian Pacific Lines in Vermont">CPVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Rock_Island_and_Gulf_Railway" title="Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railway">CRI&G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_River_and_Northwestern_Railway" title="Copper River and Northwestern Railway">CR&NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Railroad_of_Pennsylvania" title="Central Railroad of Pennsylvania">CRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Valley_Railroad" title="Cumberland Valley Railroad">CVRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Grand_Haven_and_Milwaukee_Railway" title="Detroit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee Railway">DGH&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_and_Iron_Range_Railroad" title="Duluth and Iron Range Railroad">D&IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_and_Mackinac_Railway" title="Detroit and Mackinac Railway">D&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Missabe_and_Northern_Railway" title="Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway">DM&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_and_Salt_Lake_Railway" title="Denver and Salt Lake Railway">DNW&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_and_Salt_Lake_Railway" title="Denver and Salt Lake Railway">D&SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_and_Southwestern_Railroad" title="El Paso and Southwestern Railroad">EP&SW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_and_Crawfordsville_Railroad" title="Evansville and Crawfordsville Railroad">E&TH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_and_Cripple_Creek_Railroad" title="Florence and Cripple Creek Railroad">F&CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonda,_Johnstown_and_Gloversville_Railroad" title="Fonda, Johnstown and Gloversville Railroad">FJ&G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_and_Western_Railway" title="Fort Smith and Western Railway">FS&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth_and_Rio_Grande_Railway" title="Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway">FW&RG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf,_Colorado_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway">GC&SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou,_Brazos_and_Colorado_Railway" title="Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway">GH&SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf,_Mobile_and_Northern_Railroad" title="Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad">GM&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_and_Indiana_Railroad" title="Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad">GR&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Ship_Island_Railroad" title="Gulf and Ship Island Railroad">G&SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_East_and_West_Texas_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston East and West Texas Railway">HE&WT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_and_Texas_Central_Railway" title="Houston and Texas Central Railway">H&TC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocking_Valley_Railway" title="Hocking Valley Railway">HV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Central_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Central Railway">ICRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International%E2%80%93Great_Northern_Railroad" title="International–Great Northern Railroad">IGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Mexico_and_Orient_Railway" title="Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway">KCM&O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Mexico_and_Orient_Railway" title="Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway">KCM&OTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_and_Salt_Lake_Railroad" title="Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad">LA&SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie_and_Western_Railroad" title="Lake Erie and Western Railroad">LE&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Shore_and_Michigan_Southern_Railway" title="Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway">LS&MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Railroad" title="Michigan Central Railroad">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_Delaware_and_Virginia_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland, Delaware and Virginia Railway">MD&V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_and_International_Railway" title="Minnesota and International Railway">M&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_and_North_Arkansas_Railroad" title="Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad">M&NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Mobile and Ohio Railroad">M&O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Central_Railroad_(1901%E2%80%931967)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Central Railroad (1901–1967)">MSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montour_Railroad" title="Montour Railroad">MTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Valley_Railroad" title="Midland Valley Railroad">MV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Central_Railway" title="Northern Central Railway">NCRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_and_New_York_Railroad" title="New Jersey and New York Railroad">NJ&NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Northern_Railway" title="Nevada Northern Railway">NN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Texas_and_Mexico_Railway" title="New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway">NOT&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_Philadelphia_and_Norfolk_Railroad" title="New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad">NYP&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_%E2%80%93_Ada_%E2%80%93_Atoka_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City – Ada – Atoka Railway">OCAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Electric_Railway" title="Oregon Electric Railway">OE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oahu_Railway_and_Land_Company" title="Oahu Railway and Land Company">OR&L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Short_Line_Railroad" title="Oregon Short Line Railroad">OSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Railroad_and_Navigation_Company" title="Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company">OWRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Baltimore_and_Washington_Railroad" title="Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad">PB&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Cincinnati,_Chicago_and_St._Louis_Railroad" title="Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad">PCC&STL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Company" title="Pennsylvania Company">PCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Electric" title="Pacific Electric">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_and_Eastern_Railway" title="Peoria and Eastern Railway">P&E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Marquette_Railway" title="Pere Marquette Railway">PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Reading_Railroad" title="Port Reading Railroad">PRDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg_and_Shawmut_Railroad" title="Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad">P&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhandle_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway">P&SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_Shawmut_and_Northern_Railroad" title="Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern Railroad">PS&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_and_Aransas_Pass_Railway" title="San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway">SA&AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_and_Binghamton_Railroad" title="Syracuse and Binghamton Railroad">SB&NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_and_Arizona_Railway" title="San Diego and Arizona Railway">SD&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Prescott_and_Phoenix_Railway" title="Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway">SFP&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_and_Inland_Empire_Railroad" title="Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad">S&IE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_and_Grand_Island_Railway" title="St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway">SJ&GI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Brownsville_and_Mexico_Railway" title="St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway">SLB&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Iron_Mountain_and_Southern_Railway" title="St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway">SLIM&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_and_Greenville_Railway" title="Columbus and Greenville Railway">SOUMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Southwestern_Railway_of_Texas" title="St. Louis Southwestern Railway of Texas">SSWTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_and_Brazos_Valley_Railway" title="Trinity and Brazos Valley Railway">T&BV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana_and_Fort_Smith_Railway" title="Texarkana and Fort Smith Railway">T&FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_and_Northern_Railway" title="Texas and Northern Railway">T&N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_and_Ohio_Central_Railway" title="Toledo and Ohio Central Railway">T&OC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_St._Louis_and_Western_Railroad" title="Toledo, St. Louis and Western Railroad">TSTL&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_and_Delaware_Railroad" title="Ulster and Delaware Railroad">U&D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Railway" title="Utah Railway">UTAH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalia_Railroad_(1905%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandalia Railroad (1905–17)">VAND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Shreveport_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway">VS&P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey_and_Seashore_Railroad" title="West Jersey and Seashore Railroad">WJ&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_and_Lake_Erie_Railway_(1916%E2%80%9388)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway (1916–88)">W&LE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_and_West_Virginia_Railway" title="Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway">WPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Fredericksburg_and_Potomac_Railroad" title="Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad">WSN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wichita_Valley_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wichita Valley Railway (page does not exist)">WV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_and_Mississippi_Valley_Railroad" title="Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad">Y&MV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Class_I_railroads_(1910%E2%80%931929)" title="Timeline of Class I railroads (1910–1929)">1910–1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Class_I_railroads_(1930%E2%80%931976)" title="Timeline of Class I railroads (1930–1976)">1930–1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Class_I_railroads_(1977%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of Class I railroads (1977–present)">1977–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Railroads in <i>italics</i> meet the revenue specifications for Class I status, but are not technically Class I railroads due to being passenger-only railroads with no freight component.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663120#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145101027">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Southern Railway Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4325353-2">Germany</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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