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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>After independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages_and_ethnicities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_and_ethnicities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Languages and ethnicities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages_and_ethnicities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medical_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Medical colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Engineering universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>General universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_resource_extraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resource_extraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Natural resource extraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resource_extraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CNIC_Codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CNIC_Codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>CNIC Codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CNIC_Codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References and notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_and_notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References and notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_and_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85)" title="بلوشستان (إقليم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلوشستان (إقليم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Պալուչիստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պալուչիստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99lucistan_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" title="Bəlucistan əyaləti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəlucistan əyaləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلوچیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="বেলুচিস্তান (পাকিস্তান) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেলুচিস্তান (পাকিস্তান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_S%C3%A9ng" title="Balochistan Séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Balochistan Séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Белуджыстан (правінцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Белуджыстан (правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Бэлуджыстан (Пакістан) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэлуджыстан (Пакістан)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="बलूचिस्तान प्रांत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बलूचिस्तान प्रांत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Белуджистан (Пакистан) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Белуджистан (Пакистан)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloutchistan_(Pakistan)" title="Baloutchistan (Pakistan) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Baloutchistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutxistan_Oriental" title="Balutxistan Oriental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balutxistan Oriental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%BA%C4%8Dist%C3%A1n" title="Balúčistán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balúčistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistan_(Pakistan)" title="Baluchistan (Pakistan) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baluchistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belutschistan_(Pakistan)" title="Belutschistan (Pakistan) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belutschistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belut%C5%A1istani_provints" title="Belutšistani provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Belutšistani provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchist%C3%A1n_(Pakist%C3%A1n)" title="Baluchistán (Pakistán) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baluchistán (Pakistán)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balu%C4%89istano_(Pakistano)" title="Baluĉistano (Pakistano) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baluĉistano (Pakistano)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutxistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutxistan (Pakistan) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balutxistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایالت بلوچستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت بلوچستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balochistan (Pakistan) – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Balochistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloutchistan_(Pakistan)" title="Baloutchistan (Pakistan) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baloutchistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhal%C3%BAcast%C3%A1in" title="An Bhalúcastáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhalúcastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchist%C3%A1n,_Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Baluchistán, Paquistán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baluchistán, Paquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A3%A8%EC%B9%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%A3%BC" title="발루치스탄주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발루치스탄주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Balochistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Բելուջիստան (Պակիստան) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելուջիստան (Պակիստան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="बलूचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बलूचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud%C5%BEistan_(Pakistan)" title="Beludžistan (Pakistan) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beludžistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Balochistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Белуджистан (Пакистан) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Белуджистан (Пакистан)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belucistan_(Pakistan)" title="Belucistan (Pakistan) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Belucistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96)" title="בלוצ'יסטן (מחוז) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלוצ'יסטן (מחוז)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D,_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಲೂಚಿಸ್ತಾನ್, ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲೂಚಿಸ್ತಾನ್, ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Balochistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="ბელუჯისტანი (პაკისტანი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბელუჯისტანი (პაკისტანი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="بلوچستان (پاکِستان) – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بلوچستان (پاکِستان)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistania" title="Baluchistania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Baluchistania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud%C5%BEist%C4%81na_(province)" title="Beludžistāna (province) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Beludžistāna (province)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud%C5%BEistanas_(Pakistanas)" title="Beludžistanas (Pakistanas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Beludžistanas (Pakistanas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beludzsiszt%C3%A1n_(Pakiszt%C3%A1n)" title="Beludzsisztán (Pakisztán) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beludzsisztán (Pakisztán)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="बलुचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान) – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बलुचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान)" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB,_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ബലൂചിസ്ഥാൻ, പാകിസ്താൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബലൂചിസ്ഥാൻ, പാകിസ്താൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बलुचिस्तान, पाकिस्तान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बलुचिस्तान, पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="ბელუჯისტანი (პაკისტანი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბელუჯისტანი (პაკისტანი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوشستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلوشستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="بلوچستان (پاکستان) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلوچستان (پاکستان)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balochistan (Pakistan) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Balochistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Балучистан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Балучистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloetsjistan_(provincie)" title="Beloetsjistan (provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beloetsjistan (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बलुचिस्तान, पाकिस्तान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बलुचिस्तान, पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="バローチスターン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バローチスターン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belutschistaan_(Prowins)" title="Belutschistaan (Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Belutschistaan (Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balutsjistan" title="Balutsjistan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Balutsjistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balujiston" title="Balujiston – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Balujiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8,_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਲੋਚਿਸਤਾਨ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੋਚਿਸਤਾਨ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچستان، پاکستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلوچستان، پاکستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="بلوچستان (پاکستان) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بلوچستان (پاکستان)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belud%C5%BCystan_(Pakistan)" title="Beludżystan (Pakistan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Beludżystan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchist%C3%A3o_(Paquist%C3%A3o)" title="Baluchistão (Paquistão) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baluchistão (Paquistão)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belu%C3%A7istan,_Pakistan" title="Beluçistan, Pakistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Beluçistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belucistan_(Pakistan)" title="Belucistan (Pakistan) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Belucistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Белуджистан (Пакистан) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белуджистан (Пакистан)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83,_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="बलूचिस्थानप्रदेशः, पाकिस्थानम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बलूचिस्थानप्रदेशः, पाकिस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_(%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1)" title="ᱵᱮᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ) – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بلوچستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Balochistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balo%C3%A7istan,_Pakistan" title="Baloçistan, Pakistan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Baloçistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Balochistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچستان، پاڪستان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلوچستان، پاڪستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluczist%C5%AFn" title="Baluczistůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Baluczistůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%84%DB%86%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پارێزگای بەلۆچستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارێزگای بەلۆچستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Белуџистан (Пакистан) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Белуџистан (Пакистан)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balu%C4%8Distan_(Pakistan)" title="Balučistan (Pakistan) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Balučistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balochistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistan" title="Baluchistan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baluchistan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D)" title="பலூசிஸ்தான் (பாகிஸ்தான்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பலூசிஸ்தான் (பாகிஸ்தான்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="แคว้นบาโลชิสถาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นบาโลชิสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иёлати Балучистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иёлати Балучистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belucistan,_Pakistan" title="Belucistan, Pakistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belucistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Белуджистан (Пакистан) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Белуджистан (Пакистан)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلوچستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلوچستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belucistan_(Pakistan)" title="Belucistan (Pakistan) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Belucistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balochistan (Pakistan) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Balochistan (Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balochistan, Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="俾路支省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俾路支省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="俾路支省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俾路支省" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluc%C4%B1stan_(Pak%C4%B1stan)" title="Belucıstan (Pakıstan) – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Belucıstan (Pakıstan)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="俾路支省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俾路支省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163239#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Balochistan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" style="font-family:'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Roz Urdu Punjabi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Emad Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بلوچستان</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Province of Balochistan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hanna_Lake_Quetta.jpg/198px-Hanna_Lake_Quetta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hanna_Lake_Quetta.jpg/264px-Hanna_Lake_Quetta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Lake" title="Hanna Lake">Hanna Lake</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiltan_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chiltan_Mountain.jpg/131px-Chiltan_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chiltan_Mountain.jpg/197px-Chiltan_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chiltan_Mountain.jpg/262px-Chiltan_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="537" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Chiltan" title="Koh-i-Chiltan">Koh-i-Chiltan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kund_Malir_Beach,_Balochistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kund_Malir_Beach%2C_Balochistan.jpg/133px-Kund_Malir_Beach%2C_Balochistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kund_Malir_Beach%2C_Balochistan.jpg/200px-Kund_Malir_Beach%2C_Balochistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Kund_Malir_Beach%2C_Balochistan.jpg/266px-Kund_Malir_Beach%2C_Balochistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Kund_Malir" title="Kund Malir">Kund Malir</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="border:1;;height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg/125px-Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg/188px-Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg/250px-Baluchistan_Canyons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5430" data-file-height="3760" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Hingol_National_Park" title="Hingol National Park">Canyons of Balochistan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="border:1;;height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg/139px-Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg/209px-Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg/278px-Pasni_Milkyway_Balochistan_Milkyway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Pasni_(city)" title="Pasni (city)">Pasni</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Balochistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Balochistan"><img alt="Flag of Balochistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/130px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/195px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/260px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="756" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Flag of Balochistan, Pakistan">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Balochistan"><img alt="Official seal of Balochistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Balochistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="596" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balochistan_in_Pakistan_(claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Balochistan in Pakistan"><img alt="Location of Balochistan in Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Balochistan_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/250px-Balochistan_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Balochistan_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/375px-Balochistan_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Balochistan_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/500px-Balochistan_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Balochistan in Pakistan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Balochistan,_Pakistan&params=27.7_N_65.7_E_region:PK_type:adm1st_dim:1000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.7°N 65.7°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.7; 65.7</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_1970" title="Legal Framework Order, 1970">1 July 1970</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">and largest city</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">Self-governing province</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">federal government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Government of Balochistan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jaffar_Khan_Mandokhail" title="Sheikh Jaffar Khan Mandokhail">Sheikh Jaffar Khan Mandokhail</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Balochistan" title="Chief Minister of Balochistan">Chief Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Bugti" title="Sarfraz Bugti">Sarfraz Bugti</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_Balochistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Secretary Balochistan">Chief Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shakeel Qadir Khan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Provincial Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_High_Court" title="Balochistan High Court">Balochistan High Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">347,190 km<sup>2</sup> (134,050 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2023_Census_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Census of Pakistan">2023</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,894,402</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">4th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">43/km<sup>2</sup> (110/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP (nominal)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">Total (2022)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$20 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">4th</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-g_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">Per Capita</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$1,621 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP (PPP)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">Total (2022)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$80 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">4th</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-g_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">Per Capita</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$6,485 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_administrative_units_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Standard_Time" title="Pakistan Standard Time">PKT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PK" title="ISO 3166-2:PK">PK-BA</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="#Languages_and_ethnicities">Main language(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (official)</li><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i>Spoken Languages</i>: <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable sports teams</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Gladiators" title="Quetta Gladiators">Quetta Gladiators</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Bears" title="Quetta Bears">Quetta Bears</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_cricket_team" title="Balochistan cricket team">Balochistan cricket team</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2019)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.475 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#900">low</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Literacy rate</a> (2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">54.5% <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">Seats in National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Seats in Provincial Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data">65</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Balochistan" title="Divisions of Balochistan">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tehsils_of_Balochistan" title="List of tehsils of Balochistan">Tehsils</a></th><td class="infobox-data">134</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Union_Councils_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Councils of Pakistan">Union Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data">978<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balochistan.gov.pk">www<wbr />.balochistan<wbr />.gov<wbr />.pk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Balochistan</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a>: <span lang="bal" dir="rtl">بلۏچستان</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بلوچستان</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Urdu pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ur-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[bəloːt͡ʃɪst̪ɑːn]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/85\/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.wav\/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1617 (urd)-\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644-\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1617_(urd)-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86.wav" title="File:LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-بلوچستان.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">southwestern region</a> of the country, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by land area but is the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">least populated one</a>. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> to the north-east, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> to the south-east; shares international borders with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan-Iran_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan-Iran border">Iran</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Durand_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Durand line">Afghanistan</a> to the north; and is bound by the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> to the south. Balochistan is an extensive <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> of rough terrain divided into basins by ranges of sufficient heights and ruggedness. It has the world's largest deep sea port, <a href="/wiki/Gwadar_Port" title="Gwadar Port">the Port of Gwadar</a> lying in the Arabian Sea. </p><p>Although it makes up about 44% of the land area of Pakistan, only 5% of it is arable and it is noted for an extremely dry <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">desert climate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Government_of_Balochistan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_of_Balochistan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, agriculture and livestock make up about 47% of Balochistan's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_of_Balochistan_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government_of_Balochistan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "<a href="/wiki/Balochistan#Etymology" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a>" means "the land of the <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a>". Largely underdeveloped, its <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Economy of Balochistan, Pakistan">economy</a> is also dominated by natural resources, especially its <a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Gas_Development_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil and Gas Development Company">natural gas fields</a>. Aside from <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, the second-largest city of the province is <a href="/wiki/Turbat" title="Turbat">Turbat</a> in the south, while another area of major economic importance is the port city of <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a> on the Arabian Sea, an emerging future business hub.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Balochistan" title="History of Balochistan">History of Balochistan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Balochistan, Pakistan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IVC-major-sites-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/170px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/255px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/340px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the sites and extent of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohenjo-Daro">Mohenjo-Daro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a> were among the centres of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the modern-day province. Balochistan marked the westernmost territory of the civilisation, which was one of the most developed in the old <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>Balochistan occupies the very southeasternmost portion of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a>, the setting for the earliest known farming settlements in the pre-<a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a> era, the earliest of which was <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a>, dated at 7000 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the province. Balochistan marked the westernmost extent of civilisation. Centuries before the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in the seventh century, parts of Balochistan were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Paratarajas" title="Paratarajas">Paratarajas</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythian</a> dynasty. At certain times, the <a href="/wiki/Kushans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushans">Kushans</a> also held political sway in parts of Balochistan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Hindu Sewa Dynasty ruled parts of Balochistan, chiefly <a href="/wiki/Kalat,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat, Pakistan">Kalat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FowleRai1923_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FowleRai1923-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nisa1979_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nisa1979-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi Division</a>, which was carved out of <a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat Division</a> in 1974, derives its name from Rani Sewi, the queen of the Sewa dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-Quddus1990_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quddus1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region came under rule during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Kay_Khosrow" title="Kay Khosrow">Kay Khosrow</a> king of Iran of <a href="/wiki/Kayanian_dynasty" title="Kayanian dynasty">Kayanian dynasty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a>, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Ashkash" title="Ashkash">Ashkash</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:ashkash_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:ashkash-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conquered this land, which Makran was a part of Balochistan.<sup id="cite_ref-:Two_Essays_on_Baloch_History_and_Folklore_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Two_Essays_on_Baloch_History_and_Folklore-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remnants of the earliest people in Balochistan were the <a href="/wiki/Brahui_people" title="Brahui people">Brahui people</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian language">Dravidian speaking people</a>. The Brahuis retained the Dravidian language throughout the millennias.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_Dalby_-_Hindu_origin_of_Brahui_people_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Dalby_-_Hindu_origin_of_Brahui_people-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although during the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s empire an indigenous population existed, the <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a> people themselves did not enter the region until the 14th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A theory of the origin of the <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch people</a>, the largest ethnic group in the region, is that they are of <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_Islam">Arrival of Islam</h3></div> <p>In 654, Abdulrehman ibn Samrah, governor of Sistan and the newly emerged <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashidun caliphate">Rashidun caliphate</a> at the expense of Sassanid Persia and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, sent an Islamic army to crush a revolt in <a href="/wiki/Zaranj" title="Zaranj">Zaranj</a>, which is now in southern Afghanistan. After conquering Zaranj, a column of the army pushed north, conquering <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> mountain range, while another column moved through <a href="/wiki/Quetta_District" title="Quetta District">Quetta District</a> in north-western Balochistan and conquered the area up to the ancient cities of <i>Dawar</i> and <i>Qandabil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bolan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolan District">Bolan</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is documented that the major settlements, falling within today's province, became in 654 controlled by the Rashidun caliphate, except for the well-defended mountain town of <i>QaiQan</i> which is now <a href="/wiki/Kalat,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat, Pakistan">Kalat</a>. </p><p>During the caliphate of <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a>, a revolt broke out in southern Balochistan's Makran region.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 663, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> Caliph <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah I</a>, his Muslim rule lost control of north-eastern Balochistan and Kalat when Haris ibn Marah and a large part of his army died in battle against a revolt in Kalat.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-modern_era">Pre-modern era</h3></div> <p>In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Mir_Chakar_Khan_Rind" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Chakar Khan Rind">Mir Chakar Khan Rind</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Sirdar" title="Sirdar">Sirdar</a> of Afghan, Iranian and Pakistani Balochistan. He was a close aide of the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>, and was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kalat" title="Khanate of Kalat">Khanate of Kalat</a>, which owed allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. Later, <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> won the allegiance of the rulers of eastern Balochistan. He ceded <a href="/wiki/Kalhora" title="Kalhora">Kalhora</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> territories of <a href="/wiki/Sibi" title="Sibi">Sibi</a>-Kachi, to the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kalat" title="Khanate of Kalat">Khanate of Kalat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a>, founder of the Afghan Empire, also won the allegiance of that area's rulers, and many Baloch fought under him during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a>. Most of the area would eventually revert to local Baloch control after Afghan rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg/170px-Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg/255px-Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg/340px-Bolan_Pass_1842.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>A historical sketch of <a href="/wiki/Bolan_Pass" title="Bolan Pass">Bolan Pass</a>, Balochistan, Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1876, <a href="/wiki/Baluchistan_(Chief_Commissioner%27s_Province)" title="Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)">northern Baluchistan</a> became one of the <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">presidencies and provinces of British India</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Henige1970_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henige1970-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time from the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> in 1823, four <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> were recognised and reinforced in Balochistan: <a href="/wiki/Makran_(princely_state)" title="Makran (princely state)">Makran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharan_(princely_state)" title="Kharan (princely state)">Kharan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Bela_(princely_state)" title="Las Bela (princely state)">Las Bela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalat_(princely_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat (princely state)">Kalat</a>. In 1876, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Groves_Sandeman" title="Robert Groves Sandeman">Robert Sandeman</a> negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kalat" title="Treaty of Kalat">Treaty of Kalat</a>, which brought the Khan's territories, including Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela, under British protection, even though they remained independent princely states.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Second_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Afghan War">Second Afghan War</a> was ended by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gandamak" title="Treaty of Gandamak">Treaty of Gandamak</a> in May 1879, the <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Afghan Emir</a> ceded the districts of Quetta, <a href="/wiki/Pishin_District" title="Pishin District">Pishin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harnai_District" title="Harnai District">Harnai</a>, Sibi and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thal_Chotiali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thal Chotiali (page does not exist)">Thal Chotiali</a> to British control. On 1 April 1883, the British took control of the <a href="/wiki/Bolan_Pass" title="Bolan Pass">Bolan Pass</a>, south-east of Quetta, from the <a href="/wiki/Khan_of_Kalat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan of Kalat">Khan of Kalat</a>. In 1887, small additional areas of Balochistan were declared British territory.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893, Sir <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Durand" title="Mortimer Durand">Mortimer Durand</a> negotiated an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir">Amir</a> of Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>, to fix the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a> running from <a href="/wiki/Chitral" title="Chitral">Chitral</a> to Balochistan as the boundary between the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> and British-controlled areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two devastating earthquakes occurred in Balochistan during British colonial rule: the <a href="/wiki/1935_Quetta_earthquake" title="1935 Quetta earthquake">1935 Quetta earthquake</a>, which devastated <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1945_Balochistan_earthquake" title="1945 Balochistan earthquake">1945 Balochistan earthquake</a> with its epicentre in the Makran region.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, "three pro-Congress parties were still active in Balochistan's politics apart from Balochistan's <a href="/wiki/Muslim_League_(Opposition)" title="Muslim League (Opposition)">Muslim League</a>", such as the <a href="/wiki/Anjuman-i-Watan_Baluchistan" title="Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan">Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" title="Opposition to the partition of India">favoured a united India and opposed its partition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_independence">After independence</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg/220px-Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg/330px-Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg/440px-Quetta_Railway_Station_-_40311.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Quetta Railway Station">Quetta Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In British-ruled Colonial India, Baluchistan contained a <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(Chief_Commissioner%27s_Province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)">Chief Commissioner's province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Kalat_(princely_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat (princely state)">Kalat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makran_(princely_state)" title="Makran (princely state)">Makran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Bela_(princely_state)" title="Las Bela (princely state)">Las Bela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharan_(princely_state)" title="Kharan (princely state)">Kharan</a>) that became a part of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province's Shahi <a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Jirga</a> (the grand council of tribal elders<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the non-official members of the <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta Municipality</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CheemaRiemer1990_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CheemaRiemer1990-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to the Pakistani narrative,<sup id="cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap">: <span title="Page / location: 80
Quotation: "According to the official narrative of Pakistan, the referendum in (British) Balochistan decidedly included it into Pakistan."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">80</span> </sup> agreed to join Pakistan unanimously on 29 June 1947;<sup id="cite_ref-CheemaRiemer1990_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CheemaRiemer1990-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the Shahi Jirga was stripped of its members from the Kalat State prior to the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 81">: 81 </span></sup> The then-president of the Baluchistan Muslim League, <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Mohammad_Isa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Mohammad Isa">Qazi Muhammad Isa</a>, informed <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> that "Shahi Jirga in no way represents the popular wishes of the masses" and that members of the Kalat State were "excluded from voting; only representatives from the British part of the province voted and the British part included the leased areas of Quetta, Nasirabad Tehsil, Nushki and Bolan Agency."<sup id="cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 81">: 81 </span></sup> Following the referendum, on 22 June 1947 the Khan of Kalat received a letter from members of the Shahi Jirga, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">sardars</a> from the leased areas of Baluchistan, stating that they, "as a part of the Baloch nation, were a part of the Kalat state too" and that if the question of Baluchistan's accession to Pakistan arise, "they should be deemed part of the Kalat state rather than (British) Balochistan".<sup id="cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> This has brought into question whether an actual vote took place.<sup id="cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> Political scientist Salman Rafi Sheikh, in locating the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">insurgency in Balochistan</a>, says "that Balochistan's accession to Pakistan was, as against the officially projected narrative, not based upon consensus, nor was support for Pakistan overwhelming. What this manipulation indicates is that even before formally becoming a part of Pakistan, Balochistan had fallen a prey to political victimization."<sup id="cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> </p><p>Initially aspiring for independence,<sup id="cite_ref-CheemaRiemer1990_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CheemaRiemer1990-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Khan of Kalat finally acceded to Pakistan on 27 March 1948 after period of negotiations with Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The signing of the Instrument of Accession by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yar_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Yar Khan">Ahmad Yar Khan</a> led his brother, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Abdul_Karim" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Abdul Karim">Prince Abdul Karim</a>, to revolt against his brother's decision due to their family rift.<sup id="cite_ref-Qaiser_Butt-2013_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qaiser_Butt-2013-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in July 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Princes Agha Abdul Karim Baloch and Muhammad Rahim refused to lay down arms, leading the Dosht-e Jhalawan in unconventional attacks on the army until 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-Qaiser_Butt-2013_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qaiser_Butt-2013-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prince indulged in Terror activities without any assistance from others.<sup id="cite_ref-Siddiqi2012_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siddiqi2012-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinnah and his successors allowed Yar Khan to retain his title until the province's dissolution in 1955. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan conflict">Insurgencies</a> by Baloch nationalists took place in 1948, 1958–59, 1962–63 and 1973–77, with a new ongoing insurgency by autonomy-seeking Baloch groups since 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussain-4-25-13_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussain-4-25-13-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-22-2-14_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-22-2-14-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many Baloch support the demand for autonomy, the majority are not interested in seceding from Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a press conference on 8 June 2015 in Quetta, Balochistan's Home Minister <a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Bugti" title="Sarfraz Bugti">Sarfraz Bugti</a> accused India's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> of openly supporting terrorism. Bugti implicated India's <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> (RAW) of being responsible for recent attacks at military bases in Smangli and Khalid, and for subverting the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_Economic_Corridor" title="China–Pakistan Economic Corridor">China–Pakistan Economic Corridor</a> (CPEC) agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gwadar, a region of Balochistan, was a colony of Oman for more than a century, and in the 1960s Pakistan took over the land. Many people in this region are therefore Omani.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astola_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Astola_Island.jpg/220px-Astola_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Astola_Island.jpg/330px-Astola_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Astola_Island.jpg/440px-Astola_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Astola_Island" title="Astola Island">Astola Island</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Balochistan is situated in the southwest of Pakistan and covers an area of 347,190 square kilometres (134,050 sq mi). It is Pakistan's largest province by area, constituting 44% of Pakistan's total landmass. The province is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> to the north and north-west, Iran to the south-west, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Areas</a> to the north-east. To the south lies the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>. Balochistan is located on the south-eastern part of the Iranian plateau. It borders the geopolitical regions of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. Balochistan lies at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a> and provides the shortest route from seaports to Central Asia. Its geographical location has placed the otherwise desolate region in the scope of competing for global interests for all of recorded history. </p><p>The capital city Quetta is located in a densely populated portion of the <a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman Mountains</a> in the northeast of the province. It is situated in a river valley near the Bolan Pass, which has been used as the route of choice from the coast to Central Asia, entering through Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> region. The British and other historic empires have crossed the region to invade Afghanistan by this route.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balochistan is rich in exhaustible and renewable resources; it is the second major supplier of natural gas in Pakistan. The province's renewable and human resource potential has not been systematically measured or exploited. Local inhabitants have chosen to live in towns and have relied on sustainable water sources for thousands of years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>The climate of the upper highlands is characterised by very cold winters and hot summers. In the lower highlands, winters vary from extremely cold in northern districts <a href="/wiki/Ziarat" title="Ziarat">Ziarat</a>, Quetta, Kalat, Muslim Baagh and Khanozai, where temperatures can drop to −20 °C (−4 °F), to milder conditions closer to the Makran coast. Winters are mild on the plains, with temperatures never falling below freezing point. Summers are hot and dry, especially in the arid zones of Chagai and Kharan districts. The plains are also very hot in summer, with temperatures reaching 50 °C (122 °F). The record highest temperature, 53 °C (127 °F), was recorded in Sibi on 26 May 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exceeding the previous record, 52 °C (126 °F). Other hot areas include <a href="/wiki/Turbat" title="Turbat">Turbat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalbandin" title="Dalbandin">Dalbandin</a>. The desert climate is characterised by hot and very arid conditions. Occasionally, strong windstorms make these areas very inhospitable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Government of Balochistan, Pakistan</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts in Balochistan, Pakistan">List of districts in Balochistan, Pakistan</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Balochistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Balochistan">List of cities in Balochistan</a></div> <p>In common with the other provinces of Pakistan, Balochistan has a parliamentary form of government. The ceremonial head of the province is the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Balochistan (Pakistan)">Governor</a>, who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a> on the advice of the provincial <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Balochistan" title="Chief Minister of Balochistan">Chief Minister</a>. The Chief Minister, the province's chief executive, is normally the leader of the largest political party or alliance of parties in the provincial assembly. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor%27s_House,_Quetta,_side_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Governor%27s_House%2C_Quetta%2C_side_view.jpg/220px-Governor%27s_House%2C_Quetta%2C_side_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Governor%27s_House%2C_Quetta%2C_side_view.jpg/330px-Governor%27s_House%2C_Quetta%2C_side_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Governor%27s_House%2C_Quetta%2C_side_view.jpg/440px-Governor%27s_House%2C_Quetta%2C_side_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Balochistan Governor House Quetta</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Provincial Assembly of Balochistan</a> comprises 65 seats of which 11 are reserved for women and 3 reserved for non-Muslims. The judicial branch of government is carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_High_Court" title="Balochistan High Court">Balochistan High Court</a>, which is based in Quetta and headed by a Chief Justice. </p><p>Besides dominant Pakistan-wide political parties (such as the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a>), Balochistan nationalist parties (such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Pakistan)" title="National Party (Pakistan)">National Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_National_Party_(Mengal)" title="Balochistan National Party (Mengal)">Balochistan National Party (Mengal)</a>) have been prominent in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussain-4-25-13_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussain-4-25-13-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg/220px-Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg/330px-Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg/440px-Divisions_of_Balochistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3870" data-file-height="2925" /></a><figcaption><b>Divisions of Balochistan</b></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balochistan_Districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Balochistan_Districts.svg/220px-Balochistan_Districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Balochistan_Districts.svg/330px-Balochistan_Districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Balochistan_Districts.svg/440px-Balochistan_Districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption><b>Note:</b> In this map, Lehri is shown within Sibi District on #27. Sohbatpur and Usta Muhammad is shown within Jafarabad District on #8.Hub is shown within Lasbela District on #17.</figcaption></figure> <p>For administrative purposes, the province is divided into seven divisions: <a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhob_Division" title="Zhob Division">Zhob</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Division" title="Rakhshan Division">Rakhshan</a>. This divisional level was abolished in 2000, but restored after the 2008 election. Each division is under an appointed commissioner. The seven divisions are further subdivided into 36 districts:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of June 2021, there are eight divisions. The eighth division, <a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai Division</a> was created by bifurcating Zhob Division.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sr. No. </th> <th>District </th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th>Area <p>(km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Population <p>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Density <p>(people/km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Division </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awaran_District" title="Awaran District">Awaran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awaran" title="Awaran">Awaran</a> </td> <td align="right">29,510 </td> <td align="right">178,958 </td> <td align="right">6.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barkhan_District" title="Barkhan District">Barkhan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barkhan" title="Barkhan">Barkhan</a> </td> <td align="right">3,514 </td> <td align="right">210,249 </td> <td align="right">59.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chagai_District" title="Chagai District">Chagai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalbandin" title="Dalbandin">Dalbandin</a> </td> <td align="right">44,748 </td> <td align="right">269,192 </td> <td align="right">6.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Division" title="Rakhshan Division">Rakhshan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaman_District" title="Chaman District">Chaman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaman" title="Chaman">Chaman</a> </td> <td align="right">1,341 </td> <td align="right">466,218 </td> <td align="right">347.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dera_Bugti_District" title="Dera Bugti District">Dera Bugti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dera_Bugti" class="mw-redirect" title="Dera Bugti">Dera Bugti</a> </td> <td align="right">10,160 </td> <td align="right">355,274 </td> <td align="right">35.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duki_District,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Duki District, Pakistan">Duki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duki,_Duki_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duki, Duki District (page does not exist)">Duki</a> </td> <td align="right">4,233 </td> <td align="right">205,044 </td> <td align="right">48.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwadar_District" title="Gwadar District">Gwadar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a> </td> <td align="right">12,637 </td> <td align="right">305,160 </td> <td align="right">24.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harnai_District" title="Harnai District">Harnai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harnai" title="Harnai">Harnai</a> </td> <td align="right">2,492 </td> <td align="right">127,571 </td> <td align="right">51.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hub_District" title="Hub District">Hub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hub,_Balochistan" title="Hub, Balochistan">Hub</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jafarabad_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafarabad District">Jafarabad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dera_Allahyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dera Allahyar">Dera Allahyar</a> </td> <td align="right">1,643 </td> <td align="right">594,558 </td> <td align="right">361.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jhal_Magsi_District" title="Jhal Magsi District">Jhal Magsi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gandava" title="Gandava">Gandava</a> </td> <td align="right">3,615 </td> <td align="right">203,368 </td> <td align="right">56.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_District" title="Kachhi District">Kachhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhadar" title="Dhadar">Dhadar</a> </td> <td align="right">5,682 </td> <td align="right">442,674 </td> <td align="right">77.9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_District" title="Kalat District">Kalat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat, Pakistan">Kalat</a> </td> <td align="right">7,654 </td> <td align="right">271,560 </td> <td align="right">35.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kech_District" title="Kech District">Kech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turbat,_Balochistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbat, Balochistan">Turbat</a> </td> <td align="right">22,539 </td> <td align="right">1,060,931 </td> <td align="right">47.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kharan_District" title="Kharan District">Kharan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kharan,_Pakistan" title="Kharan, Pakistan">Kharan</a> </td> <td align="right">14,958 </td> <td align="right">260,352 </td> <td align="right">17.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Division" title="Rakhshan Division">Rakhshan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khuzdar_District" title="Khuzdar District">Khuzdar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khuzdar" title="Khuzdar">Khuzdar</a> </td> <td align="right">35,380 </td> <td align="right">997,214 </td> <td align="right">28.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kohlu_District" title="Kohlu District">Kohlu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kohlu" title="Kohlu">Kohlu</a> </td> <td align="right">7,610 </td> <td align="right">260,220 </td> <td align="right">34.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lasbela_District" title="Lasbela District">Lasbela</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uthal" title="Uthal">Uthal</a> </td> <td align="right">15,153 </td> <td align="right">680,977 </td> <td align="right">44.9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loralai_District" title="Loralai District">Loralai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loralai" title="Loralai">Loralai</a> </td> <td align="right">3,785 </td> <td align="right">272,432 </td> <td align="right">72.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mastung_District" title="Mastung District">Mastung</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mastung,_Pakistan" title="Mastung, Pakistan">Mastung</a> </td> <td align="right">3,308 </td> <td align="right">313,271 </td> <td align="right">94.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musakhel_District,_Pakistan" title="Musakhel District, Pakistan">Musakhel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musa_Khel_Bazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa Khel Bazar">Musa Khel Bazar</a> </td> <td align="right">5,728 </td> <td align="right">182,275 </td> <td align="right">31.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_District" title="Nasirabad District">Nasirabad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naseerabad_(Balochistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naseerabad (Balochistan)">Dera Murad Jamali</a> </td> <td align="right">3,387 </td> <td align="right">563,315 </td> <td align="right">166.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nushki_District" title="Nushki District">Nushki</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nushki" title="Nushki">Nushki</a> </td> <td align="right">5,797 </td> <td align="right">207,834 </td> <td align="right">35.9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Division" title="Rakhshan Division">Rakhshan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panjgur_District" title="Panjgur District">Panjgur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panjgur" title="Panjgur">Panjgur</a> </td> <td align="right">16,891 </td> <td align="right">509,781 </td> <td align="right">30.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pishin_District" title="Pishin District">Pishin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pishin,_Pakistan" title="Pishin, Pakistan">Pishin</a> </td> <td align="right">6,218 </td> <td align="right">835,482 </td> <td align="right">134.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta_District" title="Quetta District">Quetta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> </td> <td align="right">3,447 </td> <td align="right">2,595,492 </td> <td align="right">754.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qila_Abdullah_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qila Abdullah District">Qila Abdullah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Pir_Alizai" title="Jungle Pir Alizai">Jungle Pir Alizai</a> </td> <td align="right">3,553 </td> <td align="right">361,971 </td> <td align="right">102.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qilla_Saifullah_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qilla Saifullah District">Qilla Saifullah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qilla_Saifullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qilla Saifullah">Qilla Saifullah</a> </td> <td align="right">6,831 </td> <td align="right">380,200 </td> <td align="right">55.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhob_Division" title="Zhob Division">Zhob</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sherani_District" title="Sherani District">Sherani</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherani_(town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherani (town) (page does not exist)">Sherani</a> </td> <td align="right">4,310 </td> <td align="right">191,687 </td> <td align="right">44.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhob_Division" title="Zhob Division">Zhob</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sibi_District" title="Sibi District">Sibi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sibi" title="Sibi">Sibi</a> </td> <td align="right">7,121 </td> <td align="right">224,148 </td> <td align="right">31.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sohbatpur_District" title="Sohbatpur District">Sohbatpur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sohbatpur" title="Sohbatpur">Sohbatpur</a> </td> <td align="right">802 </td> <td align="right">240,106 </td> <td align="right">299.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surab_District" title="Surab District">Surab</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surab,_Pakistan" title="Surab, Pakistan">Surab</a> </td> <td align="right">762 </td> <td align="right">279,038 </td> <td align="right">366.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washuk_District" title="Washuk District">Washuk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washuk" title="Washuk">Washuk</a> </td> <td align="right">33,093 </td> <td align="right">302,623 </td> <td align="right">9.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Division" title="Rakhshan Division">Rakhshan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhob_District" title="Zhob District">Zhob</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhob" title="Zhob">Zhob</a> </td> <td align="right">15,987 </td> <td align="right">355,692 </td> <td align="right">22.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhob_Division" title="Zhob Division">Zhob</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziarat_District" title="Ziarat District">Ziarat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziarat" title="Ziarat">Ziarat</a> </td> <td align="right">3,301 </td> <td align="right">189,535 </td> <td align="right">57.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Usta_Muhammad_District" title="Usta Muhammad District">Usta Muhammad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Usta_Muhammad" title="Usta Muhammad">Usta Muhammad</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <table class="toccolours" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;">Historical populations </th></tr> <tr> <th align="right">Census</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Urban </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1901</td> <td align="right">810,746<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1911</td> <td align="right">834,703<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1921</td> <td align="right">799,625<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1931</td> <td align="right">868,617<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1941</td> <td align="right">857,835<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup></td> <td>13.30%<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1951</td> <td align="right">1,167,167</td> <td>12.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1961</td> <td align="right">1,353,484</td> <td>16.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1972</td> <td align="right">2,428,678</td> <td>16.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1981</td> <td align="right">4,332,376</td> <td>15.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1998</td> <td align="right">6,565,885</td> <td>23.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2017</td> <td align="right">12,344,408</td> <td>27.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2023</td> <td align="right">14,894,402</td> <td>30.96% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Balochistan's population density is low due to the mountainous terrain and scarcity of water. In March 2012, preliminary census figures showed that the population of Balochistan, not including the districts of Khuzdar, Kech and Panjgur, had reached 13,162,222, an increase of 139.3% from 5,501,164 in 1998. The population constituted 6.85% of Pakistan's total population. This was the largest increase in population in any province of Pakistan during that time period, almost thrice the national increase of 46.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-POP_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POP-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census1998_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1998-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012Census1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012Census1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official estimates of Balochistan's population grew from approximately 7.45 million in 2003 to 7.8 million in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-worldbankpop_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldbankpop-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2023_Pakistani_census" title="2023 Pakistani census">2023 Census</a> enumerated a population of 14,894,402. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages_and_ethnicities">Languages and ethnicities</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7233.8548222943px; border-left-color:grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 921.7142690131px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 702.63662290414px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 554.4439822187px; border-left-color:aqua"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:aqua"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:aqua"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 305.80578570963px; border-left-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 161.13274269496px; border-left-color:crimson"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:crimson"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:crimson"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.778292222266px 6.6552536546738px 0 0; border-top-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 136.01405578813px 100px 0; border-right-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Balochistan (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-2023language_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023language-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:limegreen; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> (39.91%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> (34.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:crimson; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a> (17.22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:steelblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> (3.81%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:aqua; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a> (2.19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (0.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (0.53%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others (1.5%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the preliminary results of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Pakistani_census" title="2023 Pakistani census">2023 census</a>, the languages with the most native speakers in the province are <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a>, spoken by 39.91% of the population (an increase of 4% compared to the 2017 census), and <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> whose share is at 34.34%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> mainly inhabit the north of Balochistan and form the majority in <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>. Baloch on the other hand are found throughout Balochistan, but most highly concentrated in the west and south of the province. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a> is spoken by 17.22% mainly in the central part of Balochistan. Other languages include <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> (3.81%), <a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a> (2.19%), <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (0.59%), <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (0.53%) and others at (1.5%).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balochi forms the majority in 21 districts and Pashto forms majority in 9 districts of Balochistan.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brahui has majority in 4 districts. In the <a href="/wiki/Lasbela_District" title="Lasbela District">Lasbela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hub_District" title="Hub District">Hub</a> districts and in <a href="/wiki/Kacchi_Plain" title="Kacchi Plain">Kachhi plain</a> region a large minority of the population speaks <a href="/wiki/Lasi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasi dialect">Lasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siraiki_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraiki dialect">Siraiki</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-brit_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are dialects of <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Ethnologue, households speaking <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a>, whose primary dialect is Makrani constitutes 13%, Rukhshani 10%, Sulemani 7%, and Khetrani 3% of the population. Other languages spoken are Lasi, Urdu, Punjabi, Hazargi, Sindhi, Saraiki, Dehvari, Dari, Tajik, Hindko, Uzbek, and Hindki.<sup id="cite_ref-yb2008_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yb2008-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2005 census concerning <a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_Pakistan" title="Afghans in Pakistan">Afghans in Pakistan</a> showed that a total of 769,268<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afghan refugees were temporarily staying in Balochistan. However, there are probably fewer Afghans living in Balochistan today as many refugees repatriated in 2013. As of 2015, there are only 327,778 registered Afghan refugees according to the UNHCR.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Language in Balochistan Province (1911–2023) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">Mother Tongue</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1911<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1911_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1911-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1921<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1921_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1921-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1931<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1931_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1931-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 85">: 85 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2017<sup id="cite_ref-balochistan2017B_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balochistan2017B-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2023<sup id="cite_ref-balochistan2023B_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balochistan2023B-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> </td> <td>233,240 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001279428730937830♠" style="display:none"></span>27.94% </td> <td>225,368 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001281842113490698♠" style="display:none"></span>28.18% </td> <td>267,074 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001307470381077045♠" style="display:none"></span>30.75% </td> <td>4,377,825 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001354907111226806♠" style="display:none"></span>35.49% </td> <td>5,811,185 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001399064730825982♠" style="display:none"></span>39.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> </td> <td>227,553 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001272615529116344♠" style="display:none"></span>27.26% </td> <td>201,873 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001252459590433015♠" style="display:none"></span>25.25% </td> <td>207,181 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001238518242217225♠" style="display:none"></span>23.85% </td> <td>4,359,533 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001353424191996695♠" style="display:none"></span>35.34% </td> <td>4,955,245 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001340285761355351♠" style="display:none"></span>34.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a> </td> <td>145,299 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001174072694119944♠" style="display:none"></span>17.41% </td> <td>139,727 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001174740659684227♠" style="display:none"></span>17.47% </td> <td>127,479 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001146760885407492♠" style="display:none"></span>14.68% </td> <td>2,112,295 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001171242230219075♠" style="display:none"></span>17.12% </td> <td>2,507,157 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001172171068954693♠" style="display:none"></span>17.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_languages" title="Sindhi languages">Sindhi</a> </td> <td>121,849 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001145978869130696♠" style="display:none"></span>14.6% </td> <td>111,412 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001139330311083320♠" style="display:none"></span>13.93% </td> <td>153,032 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001176178914297095♠" style="display:none"></span>17.62% </td> <td>562,309 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000455859845486820♠" style="display:none"></span>4.56% </td> <td>555,198 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000381264648131360♠" style="display:none"></span>3.81% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,641 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000906202565463404♠" style="display:none"></span>9.06% </td> <td>80,706 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001100929810848835♠" style="display:none"></span>10.09% </td> <td>69,869 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000804370625949066♠" style="display:none"></span>8.04% </td> <td>500,164<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000405479342777850♠" style="display:none"></span>4.05% </td> <td>429,715<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000295093170853943♠" style="display:none"></span>2.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10,983 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000131579735546655♠" style="display:none"></span>1.32% </td> <td>16,267 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000203432859152727♠" style="display:none"></span>2.03% </td> <td>17,131 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000197221560250375♠" style="display:none"></span>1.97% </td> <td>100,528 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999814973236193962♠" style="display:none"></span>0.81% </td> <td>77,249 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999530483049353554♠" style="display:none"></span>0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dehwari_language" title="Dehwari language">Dehwari</a> </td> <td>7,579 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999907987631528819♠" style="display:none"></span>0.91% </td> <td>6,268 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999783867437861497♠" style="display:none"></span>0.78% </td> <td>5,233 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999602451943722031♠" style="display:none"></span>0.6% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td>4,349 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999521023645536196♠" style="display:none"></span>0.52% </td> <td>5,053 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999631921213068625♠" style="display:none"></span>0.63% </td> <td>5,369 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999618109016977563♠" style="display:none"></span>0.62% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </td> <td>3,833 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999459205250250688♠" style="display:none"></span>0.46% </td> <td>3,591 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999449085508832265♠" style="display:none"></span>0.45% </td> <td>5,020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999577930203990942♠" style="display:none"></span>0.58% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pahari_language" title="Pahari language">Pahari</a> </td> <td>2,258 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999270515380919920♠" style="display:none"></span>0.27% </td> <td>5,401 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999675441613256213♠" style="display:none"></span>0.68% </td> <td>7,901 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999909606880823193♠" style="display:none"></span>0.91% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </td> <td>846 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999101353415526241♠" style="display:none"></span>0.1% </td> <td>1,124 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999140565890261059♠" style="display:none"></span>0.14% </td> <td>789 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998908340499898113♠" style="display:none"></span>0.09% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> </td> <td>580 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998694857931503780♠" style="display:none"></span>0.07% </td> <td>494 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998617789588869782♠" style="display:none"></span>0.06% </td> <td>618 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998711475828817534♠" style="display:none"></span>0.07% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mewati_language" title="Mewati language">Mewati</a>) </td> <td>324 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998388162016909008♠" style="display:none"></span>0.04% </td> <td>962 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999120306393622010♠" style="display:none"></span>0.12% </td> <td>530 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998610165354811153♠" style="display:none"></span>0.06% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>285 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997195714726489356♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari</a> </td> <td>144 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998172516451959559♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>490 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998612787244020634♠" style="display:none"></span>0.06% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </td> <td>78 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997934464114780946♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996750351727372205♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997103612984779252♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997658917004012205♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>349 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998436454588088166♠" style="display:none"></span>0.04% </td> <td>150 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998172688307965420♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997239606183277165♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>64 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997800375175863686♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>42 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997483527262303178♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997191684946621732♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>165 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998206346725027356♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>201 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998231402332673664♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>17,803 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999144327635325094♠" style="display:none"></span>0.14% </td> <td>7,352 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998504875322508683♠" style="display:none"></span>0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997155744019130157♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>70 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997875410348600906♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>93 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998107066750938560♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>1,278 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997877626036678587♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohistani language">Kohistani</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>1,014 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997696332395298973♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>846 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997580963714421037♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalasha_language" title="Kalasha language">Kalasha</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>82 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996563109037618499♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>43 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997515153294045906♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>235 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998293887759887447♠" style="display:none"></span>0.03% </td> <td>896 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999103152482624678♠" style="display:none"></span>0.1% </td> <td>304,672 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000246995390157654♠" style="display:none"></span>2.47% </td> <td>215,405 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000147922563717332♠" style="display:none"></span>1.48% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total responses </th> <th>834,703 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>799,625 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>868,617 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>12,335,129 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>14,562,011 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001977683494778776♠" style="display:none"></span>97.77% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>834,703 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>799,625 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>868,617 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>12,335,129 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>14,894,402 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Balochistan" title="Hinduism in Balochistan">Hinduism in Balochistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baluchistan_Agency#Religion" title="Baluchistan Agency">Baluchistan Agency § Religion</a></div> <p>According to the 2017 Census, nearly all of the population of Balochistan were <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. There were also Hindu and Christian minorities in the province. The <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Pakistan" title="Hinduism in Pakistan">Hindu</a> population in the province was approximately 49,133 (including the Scheduled Castes).<sup id="cite_ref-Census2017_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2017-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hinglaj_Mata_mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinglaj Mata mandir">Shri Hinglaj Mata mandir</a> which is the largest Hindu pilgrimage centre in Pakistan is situated in Balochistan.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also a <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Pakistan" title="Christianity in Pakistan">Christian</a> minority of 26,462 individuals in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religion in Balochistan (1901–2023) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religious</a><br />group </th> <th colspan="2">1901<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1901_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1901-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1911<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1911_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1911-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9–13">: 9–13 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1921<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1921_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1921-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–52">: 47–52 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1931<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1931_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1931-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 149">: 149 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<sup id="cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13–18">: 13–18 </span></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1951<sup id="cite_ref-balochistan1951A_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balochistan1951A-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-balochistan1951B_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balochistan1951B-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1998<sup id="cite_ref-balochistan1998_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balochistan1998-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2017<sup id="cite_ref-sailent_feature_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sailent_feature-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2023<sup id="cite_ref-balochistan2023_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balochistan2023-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </th> <td>765,368 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001944029326077464♠" style="display:none"></span>94.4% </td> <td>782,648 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001937636500647535♠" style="display:none"></span>93.76% </td> <td>733,477 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001917276223229639♠" style="display:none"></span>91.73% </td> <td>798,093 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001918808865126977♠" style="display:none"></span>91.88% </td> <td>785,181 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001915305390896850♠" style="display:none"></span>91.53% </td> <td>1,137,063 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001985180654099450♠" style="display:none"></span>98.52% </td> <td>6,484,006 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001987529632334407♠" style="display:none"></span>98.75% </td> <td>12,255,528 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001992799978743411♠" style="display:none"></span>99.28% </td> <td>14,429,568 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001990904896308621♠" style="display:none"></span>99.09% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </th> <td>38,158 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000470652954192805♠" style="display:none"></span>4.71% </td> <td>38,326 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000459157329014032♠" style="display:none"></span>4.59% </td> <td>51,348 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000642151008285133♠" style="display:none"></span>6.42% </td> <td>53,681 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000618005403992783♠" style="display:none"></span>6.18% </td> <td>54,394 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000634084643317188♠" style="display:none"></span>6.34% </td> <td>13,087 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000113389136927325♠" style="display:none"></span>1.13% </td> <td>39,146 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999596202949031242♠" style="display:none"></span>0.6% </td> <td>49,378 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999400002981106910♠" style="display:none"></span>0.4% </td> <td>59,107 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999405898608372154♠" style="display:none"></span>0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/30px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> </th> <td>2,972 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999366575968305733♠" style="display:none"></span>0.37% </td> <td>8,390 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000100514793884770♠" style="display:none"></span>1.01% </td> <td>7,741 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999968078786931374♠" style="display:none"></span>0.97% </td> <td>8,425 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999969932663072447♠" style="display:none"></span>0.97% </td> <td>12,044 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000140399960365338♠" style="display:none"></span>1.4% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>1,057 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997725861283857016♠" style="display:none"></span>0.007% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> </th> <td>4,026 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999496579693270148♠" style="display:none"></span>0.5% </td> <td>5,085 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999609198720982193♠" style="display:none"></span>0.61% </td> <td>6,693 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999837017351883695♠" style="display:none"></span>0.84% </td> <td>8,059 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999927796715928884♠" style="display:none"></span>0.93% </td> <td>6,056 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999705963267994427♠" style="display:none"></span>0.71% </td> <td>3,937 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999341111814841353♠" style="display:none"></span>0.34% </td> <td>26,462 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999403022593298542♠" style="display:none"></span>0.4% </td> <td>33,330 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999270000797122065♠" style="display:none"></span>0.27% </td> <td>62,731 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999430785280961537♠" style="display:none"></span>0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/15px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/23px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/30px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </th> <td>166 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998204749699659326♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>170 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998203665255785590♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>165 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998206346725027356♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>167 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998192259649534835♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>76 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997885951261023390♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>79 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997684476336613332♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>181 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997124296019279205♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> </th> <td>48 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997592047324316123♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>57 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997682877622339922♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>19 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997237611380334531♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997195713415694143♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997233145068690365♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/15px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/23px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/30px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span> </th> <td>8 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996986745540526872♠" style="display:none"></span>0.001% </td> <td>10 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997119803091638582♠" style="display:none"></span>0.001% </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997212599656088791♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997195713415694143♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996816007740416280♠" style="display:none"></span>0.001% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997191684946621732♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td>160 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998200093793965921♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>68 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997782853662776574♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>43 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997501261897684286♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6995866425742548522♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/15px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/23px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/30px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>9,800 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999149256345488841♠" style="display:none"></span>0.15% </td> <td>2,469 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998200009591387452♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>557 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997382502114577444♠" style="display:none"></span>0.004% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Others </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996119803091638582♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996625293106143504♠" style="display:none"></span>0.001% </td> <td>75 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997863441539827104♠" style="display:none"></span>0.009% </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997163201548083256♠" style="display:none"></span>0.002% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>6,471 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998985548787406419♠" style="display:none"></span>0.1% </td> <td>3,703 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998299973882911193♠" style="display:none"></span>0.03% </td> <td>8,810 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998604998856270607♠" style="display:none"></span>0.06% </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th>Total responses </th> <th>810,746 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>834,703 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>799,625 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>868,617 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>857,835 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>1,154,167 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001983076328153480♠" style="display:none"></span>98.31% </th> <th>6,565,885 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>12,344,408 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>14,562,011 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001977683494778776♠" style="display:none"></span>97.77% </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th>Total population </th> <th>810,746 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>834,703 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>799,625 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>868,617 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>857,835 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>1,174,036 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>6,565,885 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>12,344,408 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>14,894,402 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Balochistan, Pakistan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The literacy rate of the province in 2017 was 43.6%, an increase from 24.8% in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_colleges">Medical colleges</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolan_University_of_Medical_%26_Health_Sciences" title="Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences">Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Medical_College" title="Makran Medical College">Makran Medical College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbat" title="Turbat">Turbat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineering_universities">Engineering universities</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_University_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology">Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khuzdar" title="Khuzdar">Khuzdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_University_of_Information_Technology,_Engineering_and_Management_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences">Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_universities">General universities</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Balochistan" title="University of Balochistan">University of Balochistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamd_Islamic_University" title="Al-Hamd Islamic University">Al-Hamd Islamic University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Bahadur_Khan_Women%27s_University" title="Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University">Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasbela_University_of_Agriculture,_Water_and_Marine_Sciences" title="Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences">Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lasbela_District" title="Lasbela District">Lasbela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turbat" title="University of Turbat">University of Turbat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbat" title="Turbat">Turbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Loralai" title="University of Loralai">University of Loralai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loralai" title="Loralai">Loralai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gwadar" title="University of Gwadar">University of Gwadar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Economy of Balochistan, Pakistan">Economy of Balochistan, Pakistan</a></div> <p>The economy of Balochistan is largely based upon agriculture, livestock, fisheries, production of natural gas, coal and other minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnic_Subnationalist_Insurgencies_in_South_Asia:_Identities,_Interests_and_Challenges_to_State_Authority_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnic_Subnationalist_Insurgencies_in_South_Asia:_Identities,_Interests_and_Challenges_to_State_Authority-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though agriculture and livestock play a dominant role in the provincial economy by contributing 47% of its GDP, it faced intense damages due to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Pakistan_floods" title="2022 Pakistan floods">2022 Pakistan floods</a>. The floods killed around 500,000 of Balochistan's livestock and damaged cultivation and agricultural output in 32 out of 35 districts of the province. The <a href="/wiki/Lasbela_District" title="Lasbela District">Lasbela district</a> was the worst hit as the floods washed away fourt-fifth's of the homes, crops and livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the floods and severe drought conditions, the province faces food insecurity and is 85% dependent on the <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a> provinces for the supply of wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, Balochistan has been called a "neglected province where a majority of population lacks amenities".<sup id="cite_ref-dawn-22-3-12_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn-22-3-12-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kupecz_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kupecz-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the province is rich in natural resources capable of uplifting its economy, most of them have not been fully utilised for the welfare of the population and are yet to be explored or developed.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the mid-1970s the province's contribution to Pakistan's GDP has dropped from 4.9 to 3.7%,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of 2007 it had the highest poverty rate and infant and maternal mortality rate, and the lowest literacy rate in comparison to other provinces,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> factors some allege have contributed to the insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-kupecz_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kupecz-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in seventh NFC awards, Punjab province and Federal contributed to increase Baluchistan share more than its entitled population based share.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Balochistan poverty is increasing. In 2001–2002 poverty incidences were at 48% and by 2005–2006 these were at 50.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Political_Economy_of_Conflict_in_South_Asia_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Political_Economy_of_Conflict_in_South_Asia-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a report on Dawn, the rate of multidimensional poverty in Balochistan had risen to 71% by 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several major development projects, including the construction of a new deep sea port at the strategically important town of <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pakboi_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pakboi-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are in progress in Balochistan. The port is projected to be the hub of an energy and trade corridor to and from China, Middle East and the Central Asian republics. The <a href="/wiki/Mirani_Dam" title="Mirani Dam">Mirani Dam</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Dasht_River" title="Dasht River">Dasht River</a>, 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Turbat in the <a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran Division</a>, is being built to provide water to expand agricultural land use by 35,000 km<sup>2</sup> (14,000 sq mi) where it would otherwise be unsustainable.<sup id="cite_ref-mirani_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mirani-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the district Lasbela, there is an oil refinery owned by Byco International Incorporated (BII), which is capable of processing 120,000 barrels of oil per day. A power station is located adjacent to the refinery.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several cement plants and a marble factory are also located there.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">ship breaking</a> yards is located on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resource_extraction">Natural resource extraction</h3></div> <p>Balochistan's share of Pakistan's national income has historically ranged between 3.7% to 4.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1972, Balochistan's gross income has grown in size by 2.7 times.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside Quetta, the resource extraction infrastructure of the province is gradually developing but still lags far behind other parts of Pakistan. </p><p>The agreements for royalty rights and ownership of mineral rights were reached during a period of unprecedented natural disasters, economic, social, political, and cultural unrest in Pakistan. The negotiations were widely considered to be insufficiently transparent.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Balochi_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochi Culture">Balochi Culture</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_balochistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of balochistan (page does not exist)">Culture of balochistan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Balochistan, Pakistan">Tourism in Balochistan, Pakistan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Balochistan, Pakistan">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Talk:Balochistan, Pakistan">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="extendedconfirmed-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balochistan,_Pakistan&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a></span><span class="nonextendedconfirmed-show"><span class="sysop-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balochistan,_Pakistan&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or </span><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ABalochistan%2C_Pakistan&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+16+February+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Balochistan%2C+Pakistan">making an edit request</a></span></span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h3></div> <p>Following is a list of a few tourist attractions and places of interest in Balochistan: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astola_Island" title="Astola Island">Astola Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolan_Pass" title="Bolan Pass">Bolan Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dureji" title="Dureji">Dureji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadani_Beach" title="Gadani Beach">Gadani Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadani_Ship_Breaking_Yard" title="Gadani Ship Breaking Yard">Gadani Ship Breaking Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Lake" title="Hanna Lake">Hanna Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarganji-Chiltan_National_Park" title="Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park">Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park</a>, near Quetta.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinglaj_Mata" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinglaj Mata">Hinglaj Mata Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingol_National_Park" title="Hingol National Park">Hingol National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hub_Dam" title="Hub Dam">Hub Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiwani_Coastal_Wetland" title="Jiwani Coastal Wetland">Jiwani Coastal Wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdar" title="Khuzdar">Khuzdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kund_Malir" title="Kund Malir">Kund Malir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Coastal_Highway" title="Makran Coastal Highway">Makran Coastal Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moola_Chotok" title="Moola Chotok">Moola Chotok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Ghaib_Waterfall" title="Pir Ghaib Waterfall">Pir Ghaib Waterfall</a>, Balochistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaid-e-Azam_Residency" title="Quaid-e-Azam Residency">Quaid-e-Azam Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_princess_of_hope,_Balochistan" class="mw-redirect" title="The princess of hope, Balochistan">The princess of hope, Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Valley" title="Urak Valley">Urak Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhob" title="Zhob">Zhob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat_Juniper_Forest" title="Ziarat Juniper Forest">Ziarat Juniper Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat" title="Ziarat">Ziarat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CNIC_Codes">CNIC Codes</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat Division</a> (51XXX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran Division</a> (52XXX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad Division</a> (53XXX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta Division</a> (54XXX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi Division</a> (55XXX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhob_Division" title="Zhob Division">Zhob Division</a> + <a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai Division</a> (56XXX)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> (geographic region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Afghanistan" title="Balochistan, Afghanistan">Balochistan, Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan, Iran">Balochistan, Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Balochistan,_Pakistan_by_population" title="List of cities in Balochistan, Pakistan by population">List of cities in Balochistan, Pakistan by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_heritage_sites_in_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="List of cultural heritage sites in Balochistan, Pakistan">List of cultural heritage sites in Balochistan, Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_notes">References and notes</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-g-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Balochistan's contribution to national economy was 5.33%, or $80 billion (PPP) and $20 billion (nominal) in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-kp_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-imf.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Punjabi">Standard Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a> included together for comparative purposes, as they were previously enumerated jointly as <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_languages_and_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi languages and dialects">Punjabi languages and dialects</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saraiki: 326,656 persons<br />Standard Punjabi: 139,207 persons<br />Hindko: 34,301 persons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saraiki: 319,054 persons<br />Standard Punjabi: 86,457 persons<br />Hindko: 24,204 persons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously also enumerated as <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Press%20Release.pdf">"The Population of Pakistan reaches 241.49 million as the Digital Census concludes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pakistan Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=The+Population+of+Pakistan+reaches+241.49+million+as+the+Digital+Census+concludes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.gov.pk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpopulation%2F2023%2FPress%2520Release.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kp-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kp_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kpbos.gov.pk/assets/docs/reports/NTL-PolicyBrief-Aug-1.pdf">"GDP OF KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA'S DISTRICTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>kpbos.gov.pk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kpbos.gov.pk&rft.atitle=GDP+OF+KHYBER+PUKHTUNKHWA%27S+DISTRICTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkpbos.gov.pk%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2Freports%2FNTL-PolicyBrief-Aug-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imf.org_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=564,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIEPCH,&sy=2020&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D564%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIEPCH%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2022%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/PAK/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&colour_scales=global">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Fshdi%2FPAK%2F%3Flevels%3D1%252B4%26interpolation%3D1%26extrapolation%3D0%26nearest_real%3D0%26colour_scales%3Dglobal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://startuppakistan.com.pk/kpk-achieves-highest-literacy-growth-rate-among-all-provinces/">"KPK Achieves Highest Literacy Growth Rate Among All Provinces"</a>. 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KPK+Achieves+Highest+Literacy+Growth+Rate+Among+All+Provinces&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstartuppakistan.com.pk%2Fkpk-achieves-highest-literacy-growth-rate-among-all-provinces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1674443">"Delimitation of union councils, wards in Balochistan completed"</a>. 11 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delimitation+of+union+councils%2C+wards+in+Balochistan+completed&rft.date=2022-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1674443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Balochistan">"Balochistan | province, Pakistan"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405173533/https://www.britannica.com/place/Balochistan">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Balochistan+%7C+province%2C+Pakistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBalochistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Government_of_Balochistan-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Government_of_Balochistan_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Government_of_Balochistan_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balochistan.gov.pk/expo-livestock-2019/livestock-at-a-glance/">"Livestock at a glance"</a>. <i>Government of Balochistan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Balochistan&rft.atitle=Livestock+at+a+glance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalochistan.gov.pk%2Fexpo-livestock-2019%2Flivestock-at-a-glance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1035326-gwadar-is-future-business-hub-of-country">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gwadar is future business hub of country'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The News International</i>. 29 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=%27Gwadar+is+future+business+hub+of+country%27&rft.date=2023-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F1035326-gwadar-is-future-business-hub-of-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_MorleyColin_Renfrew2010" class="citation book cs1">Iain Morley; Colin Renfrew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TzrNgAsJY1MC&q=mehgrah+BCE&pg=PA107"><i>The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521119900" title="Special:BookSources/9780521119900"><bdi>9780521119900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Measurement%3A+Comprehending+Heaven%2C+Earth+and+Time+in+Ancient+Societies&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780521119900&rft.au=Iain+Morley&rft.au=Colin+Renfrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTzrNgAsJY1MC%26q%3Dmehgrah%2BBCE%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FowleRai1923-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FowleRai1923_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowleRai1923" class="citation book cs1">Fowle, T. C.; Rai, Diwan Jamiat (1923). <i>Baluchistan</i>. Directorate of Archives, Government of Balochistan. p. 100. <q>The Hindus of Kalat town may indeed be far more indigenous, since they claim descent from the ancient Sewa dynasty that ruled Kalat long before the Brahuis came to Baluchistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baluchistan&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Archives%2C+Government+of+Balochistan&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Fowle&rft.aufirst=T.+C.&rft.au=Rai%2C+Diwan+Jamiat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nisa1979-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nisa1979_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Balochistan Through the Ages: Geography and history</i>. Nisa Traders. 1979. p. 316. <q>The country up to and including Multan was conquered by the Arabs and the Hindu dynasty of Sind and probably also the Sewa dynasty of Kalat came to an end.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balochistan+Through+the+Ages%3A+Geography+and+history&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=Nisa+Traders&rft.date=1979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quddus1990-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quddus1990_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuddus1990" class="citation book cs1">Quddus, Syed Abdul (1990). <i>The Tribal Baluchistan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ferozsons" title="Ferozsons">Ferozsons</a>. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-0-10047-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-0-10047-4"><bdi>978-969-0-10047-4</bdi></a>. <q>The Sibi division was carved out of the Quetta and Kalat Divisions in April, 1974, and comprises districts of Sibi, Kachhi, Nasirabad, Kohlu and Dera Bugti. The Division derives its name from the town of Sibi or Sewi. The local tradition attributes the origin of this name to Rani Sewi of the Sewa dynasty which ruled this part of the country in ancient times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tribal+Baluchistan&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Ferozsons&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-969-0-10047-4&rft.aulast=Quddus&rft.aufirst=Syed+Abdul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:ashkash-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:ashkash_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/askas-an-iranian-hero-in-the-reign-of-kay-kosrow">"AŠKAŠ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=A%C5%A0KA%C5%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Faskas-an-iranian-hero-in-the-reign-of-kay-kosrow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Two_Essays_on_Baloch_History_and_Folklore-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Two_Essays_on_Baloch_History_and_Folklore_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadalkhan2013" class="citation book cs1">Badalkhan, Sabir (2013). <i>Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore</i>. Balochistan Monograph Series, V. Naples, Italy: Universita degli studi di Napoli. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6719-060-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6719-060-7"><bdi>978-88-6719-060-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Essays+on+Baloch+History+and+Folklore&rft.place=Naples%2C+Italy&rft.series=Balochistan+Monograph+Series%2C+V&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Universita+degli+studi+di+Napoli&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-88-6719-060-7&rft.aulast=Badalkhan&rft.aufirst=Sabir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew_Dalby_-_Hindu_origin_of_Brahui_people-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_Dalby_-_Hindu_origin_of_Brahui_people_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnckpL8auSIC&q=brahui+hindu&pg=PA96"><i>Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages</i></a>. Columbia University Press. 1 March 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231115698" title="Special:BookSources/9780231115698"><bdi>9780231115698</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Languages%3A+The+Definitive+Reference+to+More+Than+400+Languages&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.isbn=9780231115698&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnckpL8auSIC%26q%3Dbrahui%2Bhindu%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Balochistan">"Balochistan | province, Pakistan | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Balochistan+%7C+province%2C+Pakistan+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBalochistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Longworth Dames, Balochi Folklore, <i>Folklore</i>, Vol. 13, No. 3 (29 September 1902), pp. 252–274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabqat ibn Saad, Vol. 8, p. 471</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxena2011" class="citation book cs1">Saxena, Sunil K. (2011). <i>History of Medieval India</i>. Pinnacle Technology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India&rft.pub=Pinnacle+Technology&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Saxena&rft.aufirst=Sunil+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tarikh al Khulfa, Vol. 1, pp. 214–215, 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180101195939/https://urdukhabrain.pk/2018/01/01/urdu-news-11685">"urdukhabrain.pk"</a>. 1 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urdukhabrain.pk/2018/01/01/urdu-news-11685">the original</a> on 1 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=urdukhabrain.pk&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furdukhabrain.pk%2F2018%2F01%2F01%2Furdu-news-11685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/index.isc?Article=http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/v3f6/v3f6a030.html">Iranica.com</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219221911/http://panhwar.org/Article26.htm">"Ghulam Shah Kalhora and Relations With Kutch"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://panhwar.org/Article26.htm">the original</a> on 19 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghulam+Shah+Kalhora+and+Relations+With+Kutch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpanhwar.org%2FArticle26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henige1970-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henige1970_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenige1970" class="citation book cs1">Henige, David P. (1970). <i>Colonial Governors from the Fifteenth Century to the Present: A Comprehensive List</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 89. <q>The British began to assume control over the rough desert region in extreme western India known as Baluchistan in the 1870s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Governors+from+the+Fifteenth+Century+to+the+Present%3A+A+Comprehensive+List&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Henige&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDashti2012" class="citation book cs1">Dashti, Naseer (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIjyLNpusbAC"><i>The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State</i></a>. Trafford Publishing. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-5896-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-5896-8"><bdi>978-1-4669-5896-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baloch+and+Balochistan%3A+A+Historical+Account+from+the+Beginning+to+the+Fall+of+the+Baloch+State&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4669-5896-8&rft.aulast=Dashti&rft.aufirst=Naseer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxIjyLNpusbAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_R._Blood1996" class="citation book cs1">Peter R. Blood (1996). <i>Pakistan: A Country Study</i>. DIANE Publishing. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Peter+R.+Blood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Foreign Affairs Pakistan, Volume 32, Issues 11–12</i>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2005. p. 257.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Affairs+Pakistan%2C+Volume+32%2C+Issues+11%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfzal2001" class="citation book cs1">Afzal, M. Rafique (2001). <i>Pakistan: History and Politics 1947–1971</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579634-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579634-6"><bdi>978-0-19-579634-6</bdi></a>. <q>Besides the Balochistan Muslim League, three pro-Congress parties were still active in Balochistan's politics: the Anjuman-i Watan, the Jamiatul Ulama u Hind, and the Qalat State National Party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+History+and+Politics+1947%E2%80%931971&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-579634-6&rft.aulast=Afzal&rft.aufirst=M.+Rafique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanjan2018" class="citation book cs1">Ranjan, Amit (2018). <i>Partition of India: Postcolonial Legacies</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429750526" title="Special:BookSources/9780429750526"><bdi>9780429750526</bdi></a>. <q>Furthermore, Congress leadership of Balochistan was united and there was no disagreement over its president, Samad Khan Achakzai. On the other hand, Qazi Isa was the president of the League in Balochistan. Surprisingly, he was neither a Balochi nor a Sardar. Consequently, all Sardars except Jaffar Khan Jamali, were against Qazi Isa for contesting this seat.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partition+of+India%3A+Postcolonial+Legacies&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780429750526&rft.aulast=Ranjan&rft.aufirst=Amit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasnat2011" class="citation book cs1">Hasnat, Syed Farooq (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KiELa2EoA04C"><i>Global Security Watch–Pakistan</i></a>. Praeger. pp. 94, 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34697-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34697-2"><bdi>978-0-313-34697-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Security+Watch%E2%80%93Pakistan&rft.pages=94%2C+113&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34697-2&rft.aulast=Hasnat&rft.aufirst=Syed+Farooq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKiELa2EoA04C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balochistanarchives.gob.pk/Shahi-Jirga-Records">"Shahi Jirga Records"</a>. <i>Balochistan Archives</i>. Government of Balochistan Directorate of Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307140248/http://balochistanarchives.gob.pk/Shahi-Jirga-Records">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balochistan+Archives&rft.atitle=Shahi+Jirga+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbalochistanarchives.gob.pk%2FShahi-Jirga-Records&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CheemaRiemer1990-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CheemaRiemer1990_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CheemaRiemer1990_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CheemaRiemer1990_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPervaiz_I_CheemaManuel_Riemer1990" class="citation book cs1">Pervaiz I Cheema; Manuel Riemer (22 August 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 60–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-20942-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-20942-2"><bdi>978-1-349-20942-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Defence+Policy+1947%E2%80%9358&rft.pages=60-&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=1990-08-22&rft.isbn=978-1-349-20942-2&rft.au=Pervaiz+I+Cheema&rft.au=Manuel+Riemer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCX6xCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rafisheikh-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rafisheikh_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheikh2018" class="citation book cs1">Sheikh, Salman Rafi (2018). <i>The Genesis of Baloch Nationalism: Politics and Ethnicity in Pakistan, 1947–1977</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-02068-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-02068-8"><bdi>978-1-351-02068-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genesis+of+Baloch+Nationalism%3A+Politics+and+Ethnicity+in+Pakistan%2C+1947%E2%80%931977&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-351-02068-8&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=Salman+Rafi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaqoob_Khan_Bangash2015" class="citation news cs1">Yaqoob Khan Bangash (10 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225043014/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/the-princely-india/#.WNR5woWcHIV">"The princely India"</a>. <i>The News on Sunday</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tns.thenews.com.pk/the-princely-india/#.WNR5woWcHIV">the original</a> on 25 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+on+Sunday&rft.atitle=The+princely+India&rft.date=2015-05-10&rft.au=Yaqoob+Khan+Bangash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftns.thenews.com.pk%2Fthe-princely-india%2F%23.WNR5woWcHIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qaiser_Butt-2013-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qaiser_Butt-2013_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qaiser_Butt-2013_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQaiser_Butt2013" class="citation news cs1">Qaiser Butt (22 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/538820/princely-liaisons-the-khan-family-controls-politics-in-kalat/">"Princely Liaisons: The Khan family controls politics in Kalat"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222175413/http://tribune.com.pk/story/538820/princely-liaisons-the-khan-family-controls-politics-in-kalat/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Princely+Liaisons%3A+The+Khan+family+controls+politics+in+Kalat&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft.au=Qaiser+Butt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F538820%2Fprincely-liaisons-the-khan-family-controls-politics-in-kalat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._LongSinghSamadTalbot2015" class="citation book cs1">D. Long, Roger; Singh, Gurharpal; Samad, Yunas; Talbot, Ian (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nzivCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82"><i>State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security</i></a>. Routledge. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-44820-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-44820-4"><bdi>978-1-317-44820-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Nation-Building+in+Pakistan%3A+Beyond+Islam+and+Security&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-44820-4&rft.aulast=D.+Long&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Singh%2C+Gurharpal&rft.au=Samad%2C+Yunas&rft.au=Talbot%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnzivCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siddiqi2012-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siddiqi2012_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhan_Hanif_Siddiqi2012" class="citation book cs1">Farhan Hanif Siddiqi (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDb6i9x1FKgC&pg=PA71"><i>The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements</i></a>. Routledge. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-68614-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-68614-3"><bdi>978-0-415-68614-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Ethnicity+in+Pakistan%3A+The+Baloch%2C+Sindhi+and+Mohajir+Ethnic+Movements&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-68614-3&rft.au=Farhan+Hanif+Siddiqi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtDb6i9x1FKgC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hussain-4-25-13-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hussain-4-25-13_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hussain-4-25-13_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain2013" class="citation news cs1">Hussain, Zahid (25 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/794058/the-battle-for-balochistan">"The battle for Balochistan"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622220655/http://www.dawn.com/news/794058/the-battle-for-balochistan">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2015. <q>Since Balochistan became part of Pakistan some 65 years ago, Baloch nationalists have led four insurgencies – in 1948, 1958–59, 1962–63 and 1973–1977 – which were brutally suppressed by the state. Now a fifth is under way and this time the insurgents are much stronger. Unlike the past, the educated middle-class youth, rather than tribal leaders, are leading the separatist movement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=The+battle+for+Balochistan&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Zahid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F794058%2Fthe-battle-for-balochistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-22-2-14-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-22-2-14_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2014" class="citation news cs1">Rashid, Ahmed (22 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26272897">"Balochistan: The untold story of Pakistan's other war"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150728091406/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26272897">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2015. <q>The fifth Baloch insurgency against the Pakistan state began in 2003, with small guerrilla attacks by autonomy-seeking Baloch groups who over the years have become increasingly militant and separatist in ideology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Balochistan%3A+The+untold+story+of+Pakistan%27s+other+war&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-26272897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/624446-37pc-baloch-favour-independence-uk-survey">37pc Baloch favour independence: UK survey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215072843/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/624446-37pc-baloch-favour-independence-uk-survey">Archived</a> 15 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>thenews.com.pk</i>. Retrieved 2017-03-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903212347/http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/283360-RAW-conspiring-against-CPEC-agreement-Sarfraz-Bug">"RAW conspiring against CPEC agreement: Sarfraz Bugti"</a>. <i>Dunya News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/283360-RAW-conspiring-against-CPEC-agreement-Sarfraz-Bug">the original</a> on 3 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunya+News&rft.atitle=RAW+conspiring+against+CPEC+agreement%3A+Sarfraz+Bugti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdunyanews.tv%2Findex.php%2Fen%2FPakistan%2F283360-RAW-conspiring-against-CPEC-agreement-Sarfraz-Bug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-37771-RAW-behind-Mastung-killings-Sarfraz-Bugti">"RAW behind Mastung killings: Sarfraz Bugti"</a>. <i>The News International, Pakistan</i>. 31 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602034759/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-37771-RAW-behind-Mastung-killings-Sarfraz-Bugti">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+International%2C+Pakistan&rft.atitle=RAW+behind+Mastung+killings%3A+Sarfraz+Bugti&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2FTodays-News-13-37771-RAW-behind-Mastung-killings-Sarfraz-Bugti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150805023710/http://www.pakistantimes.com/2015/06/08/raw-more-active-after-cpec-agreement-sarfraz-bugti-371022.html">"RAW more active after CPEC agreement: Sarfraz Bugti"</a>. <i>Pakistan Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistantimes.com/2015/06/08/raw-more-active-after-cpec-agreement-sarfraz-bugti-371022.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Times&rft.atitle=RAW+more+active+after+CPEC+agreement%3A+Sarfraz+Bugti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistantimes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F08%2Fraw-more-active-after-cpec-agreement-sarfraz-bugti-371022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1489531/world">"Arab legacy lingers as Pakistan's Gwadar grows from tiny fishing town into port city"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 29 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Arab+legacy+lingers+as+Pakistan%27s+Gwadar+grows+from+tiny+fishing+town+into+port+city&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1489531%2Fworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bolan Pass – Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902112830/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/latest%20news/Latest%20News.html">"Pakmet.com.pk – Pakistan's Biggest Property Website"</a>. <i>PakMet</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakmet.com.pk/">the original</a> on 2 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PakMet&rft.atitle=Pakmet.com.pk+%E2%80%93+Pakistan%27s+Biggest+Property+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakmet.com.pk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=49">"Districts"</a>. Government of Balochistan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100807000609/http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=49">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Districts&rft.pub=Government+of+Balochistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balochistan.gov.pk%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D32%26Itemid%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1440719">"New districts"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 23 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=New+districts&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1440719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1632216">"New division, two districts created in Balochistan"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 30 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=New+division%2C+two+districts+created+in+Balochistan&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1632216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/balochistan/dcr/table_1.pdf">"TABLE 1: AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023, BALOCHISTAN"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=TABLE+1%3A+AREA%2C+POPULATION+BY+SEX%2C+SEX+RATIO%2C+POPULATION+DENSITY%2C+URBAN+POPULATION%2C+HOUSEHOLD+SIZE+AND+ANNUAL+GROWTH+RATE%2C+CENSUS-2023%2C+BALOCHISTAN&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.gov.pk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpopulation%2F2023%2Ftables%2Fbalochistan%2Fdcr%2Ftable_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baluchistan1941-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baluchistan1941_53-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/">"CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME XIV BALUCHISTAN"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CENSUS+OF+INDIA%2C+1941+VOLUME+XIV+BALUCHISTAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fsite%2Fsouth-asia-open-archives%2Fsaoa%2Fcensusofindia1941-28216851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POP-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POP_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pak-population-increased-by-46-9-between-1998-and-2011/articleshow/12453387.cms">"Pak population increased by 46.9% between 1998 and 2011"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 29 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129125417/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pak-population-increased-by-46-9-between-1998-and-2011/articleshow/12453387.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Pak+population+increased+by+46.9%25+between+1998+and+2011&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fpakistan%2FPak-population-increased-by-46-9-between-1998-and-2011%2Farticleshow%2F12453387.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1998-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1998_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118145343/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/publications/yearbook2008/Population/16-5.pdf">"Population, Area and Density by Region/Province"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan 2009. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/publications/yearbook2008/Population/16-5.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population%2C+Area+and+Density+by+Region%2FProvince&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Statistics%2C+Government+of+Pakistan+2009&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statpak.gov.pk%2Fdepts%2Ffbs%2Fpublications%2Fyearbook2008%2FPopulation%2F16-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012Census1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2012Census1_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701193658/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-13514-Population-shoots-up-by-47-percent-since-1998">"Population shoots up by 47 percent since 1998"</a>. Thenews.com.pk. 29 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-13514-Population-shoots-up-by-47-percent-since-1998">the original</a> on 1 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+shoots+up+by+47+percent+since+1998&rft.pub=Thenews.com.pk&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2FTodays-News-13-13514-Population-shoots-up-by-47-percent-since-1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldbankpop-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worldbankpop_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf">Pakistan Balochistan Economic Report: From Periphery to Core (In Two Volumes) – Volume II: Full Report.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501074227/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf">Archived</a> 1 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The World Bank. May 2008. "The Balochistan population totalled 4.5 million in 1981/82 and 7.8 million in 2004/05..." "NIPS estimates that Balochistan's population growth will slow down to 1.3 percent by 2025..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023language-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2023language_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/balochistan/dcr/table_11.pdf">https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/balochistan/dcr/table_11.pdf</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.gov.pk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpopulation%2F2023%2Ftables%2Fbalochistan%2Fdcr%2Ftable_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/balochistan/dcr/table_11.pdf">"TABLE 11 : POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS-2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Federal Bureau of Statistics – Government of Pakistan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075850/http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/yearbook2011/Population/16-20.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Statistical+Year+Book+2008&rft.atitle=Percentage+Distribution+of+Households+by+Language+Usually+Spoken+and+Region%2FProvince%2C+1998+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.gov.pk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fother%2Fyearbook2011%2FPopulation%2F16-20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/areu/2006/en/27131">"Afghans in Quetta. Settlements, Livelihoods, Support Networks and Cross-Border Linkages"</a>. <i>Refworld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iar-gwu.org/sites/default/files/articlepdfs/Pakistan%27s%20Baloch%20Insurgency.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs+Review&rft.atitle=Pakistan%27s+Baloch+Insurgency%3A+History%2C+Conflict+Drivers%2C+and+Regional+Implications&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.aulast=Kupecz&rft.aufirst=Mickey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iar-gwu.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Farticlepdfs%2FPakistan%2527s%2520Baloch%2520Insurgency.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusain2021" class="citation web cs1">Husain, Ishrat (18 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1658764">"Balochistan's development"</a>. <i>Dawn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Board+of+Investment&rft.atitle=Gawader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakboi.gov.pk%2FNews_Event%2FGawadar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mirani-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mirani_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206152834/http://www.nespak.com.pk/services/viewpic.asp?sector=2&id=4">"Mirani Dam Project"</a>. <i>National Engineering Services Pakistan</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cemnet.com/News/story/153731/attock-cement-first-half-profit-declines-pakistan.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urdukhabrain.pk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/REGIONAL-ACCOUNTS-OF-PAKISTAN-METHODOLOGY-AND-ESTIMATES-1973-2000.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provincial+Accounts+of+Pakistan%3A+Methodology+and+Estimates+1973%E2%80%932000&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furdukhabrain.pk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2FREGIONAL-ACCOUNTS-OF-PAKISTAN-METHODOLOGY-AND-ESTIMATES-1973-2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf">Siterresources.worldbank.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501074227/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf">Archived</a> 1 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=1771&Cat=13&dt=11/3/2010">"$260 billion gold mines going for a song, behind closed doors"</a>. Thenews.com.pk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113120248/http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=1771&Cat=13&dt=11%2F3%2F2010">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%24260+billion+gold+mines+going+for+a+song%2C+behind+closed+doors&rft.pub=Thenews.com.pk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2FTodaysPrintDetail.aspx%3FID%3D1771%26Cat%3D13%26dt%3D11%2F3%2F2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_E.A.1999" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, E.A. (1999). <i>Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan</i>. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1599. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lithofacies%2C+depositional+environments%2C+and+regional+stratigraphy+of+the+lower+Eocene+Ghazij+Formation%2C+Balochistan%2C+Pakistan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=U.S.+Geological+Survey+Professional+Paper+1599&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalochistan%2C+Pakistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Fabry" class="extiw" title="fr:Philippe Fabry">Philippe Fabry</a>, <i>Balouchistan, le désert insoumis</i>, Paris, Nathan Image, 1991, 136 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-09-240036-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-09-240036-3">2-09-240036-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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Pakistan">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="extiw" title="voy:Balochistan, Pakistan">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balochistan.gov.pk">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sibidistrict.com/">Sibi District</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111184752/http://www.sibidistrict.com/">Archived</a> 11 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Guide to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121095120/http://www.dmoz.pk/Provinces/Balochistan/">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150614012814/http://balochistanarchives.gob.pk/">Balochistan Archives—Preserving our Past</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Balochistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Balochistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Province</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochistan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Balochistan, Pakistan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Baloch_people" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Baloch people">History of the Baloch people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_(princely_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat (princely state)">Kalat (princely state)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Government</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Category:Politics of Balochistan, Pakistan">politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan, Pakistan">Provincial Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Balochistan, Pakistan">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumandar" title="Tumandar">Tumandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Democratic_Party" title="Hazara Democratic Party">Hazara Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_nationalism" title="Baloch nationalism">Baloch nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Culture and<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baloch_tribes" title="List of Baloch tribes">List of Baloch tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_diaspora" title="Baloch diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_music" title="Balochi music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_people" title="Brahui people">Brahui people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara people">Hazara people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Archaeological Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_and_monuments_in_Balochistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of archaeological sites and monuments in Balochistan">Archaeological sites and monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirak" title="Pirak">Pirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondrani" title="Gondrani">Gondrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadani" title="Gadani">Gadani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Balochistan,_Pakistan_by_population" title="List of cities in Balochistan, Pakistan by population">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Balochistan" title="University of Balochistan">University of Balochistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_National_Stadium" title="Ayub National Stadium">Ayub National Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x17px_Provinces_and_administrative_units_of_Pakistan226" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Administrative units of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Administrative units of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative units of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x17px_Provinces_and_administrative_units_of_Pakistan226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Provinces and administrative units</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/66px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/99px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/132px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Former administrative units of Pakistan">Former administrative units of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan480" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Template:Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan480" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Balochistan" title="List of districts in Balochistan">Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Provincial capital: <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Division" title="Kalat Division">Kalat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaran_District" title="Awaran District">Awaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_District" title="Kalat District">Kalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdar_District" title="Khuzdar District">Khuzdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hub_District" title="Hub District">Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasbela_District" title="Lasbela District">Lasbela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastung_District" title="Mastung District">Mastung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surab_District" title="Surab District">Surab</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balochistan_Districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Balochistan_Districts.svg/100px-Balochistan_Districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Balochistan_Districts.svg/150px-Balochistan_Districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Balochistan_Districts.svg/200px-Balochistan_Districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="887" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwadar_District" title="Gwadar District">Gwadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kech_District" title="Kech District">Kech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjgur_District" title="Panjgur District">Panjgur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_Division" title="Nasirabad Division">Nasirabad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jafarabad_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafarabad District">Jafarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhal_Magsi_District" title="Jhal Magsi District">Jhal Magsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_District" title="Kachhi District">Kachhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad_District" title="Nasirabad District">Nasirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohbatpur_District" title="Sohbatpur District">Sohbatpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta_Muhammad_District" title="Usta Muhammad District">Usta Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quetta_Division" title="Quetta Division">Quetta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaman_District" title="Chaman District">Chaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Abdullah_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qila Abdullah District">Killa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pishin_District" title="Pishin District">Pishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karezat_District" title="Karezat District">Karezat</a><sup>d</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetta_District" title="Quetta District">Quetta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sibi_Division" title="Sibi Division">Sibi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dera_Bugti_District" title="Dera Bugti District">Dera Bugti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnai_District" title="Harnai District">Harnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlu_District" title="Kohlu District">Kohlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibi_District" title="Sibi District">Sibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat_District" title="Ziarat District">Ziarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhob_Division" title="Zhob Division">Zhob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Saifullah_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qila Saifullah District">Killa Saifullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherani_District" title="Sherani District">Sherani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhob_District" title="Zhob District">Zhob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Division" title="Rakhshan Division">Rakhshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagai_District" title="Chagai District">Chagai</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharan_District" title="Kharan District">Kharan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushki_District" title="Nushki District">Nushki</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washuk_District" title="Washuk District">Washuk</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaman_District" title="Chaman District">Chaman</a><sup>a</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loralai_Division" title="Loralai Division">Loralai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barkhan_District" title="Barkhan District">Barkhan</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loralai_District" title="Loralai District">Loralai</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musakhail_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Musakhail District">Musakhail</a><sup>c</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duki_District,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Duki District, Pakistan">Duki</a><sup>c</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>a</sup> - formerly part of Quetta Division; <sup>b</sup> - formerly part of Kalat Division; <sup>c</sup> - formerly part of Zhob Division ; <sup>d</sup> - abolished</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_articles445" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_articles445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan" title="Category:Pakistan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163239#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1080" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163239#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1080" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163239#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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