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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vypařování_a_var" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vypařování_a_var"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vypařování a var</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vypařování_a_var-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Vlastnosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fázový_diagram_pro_vypařování" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fázový_diagram_pro_vypařování"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fázový diagram pro vypařování</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fázový_diagram_pro_vypařování-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troutonovo_pravidlo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troutonovo_pravidlo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Troutonovo pravidlo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troutonovo_pravidlo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vypařování</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 85 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdamping" title="Verdamping – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verdamping" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="تبخر – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تبخر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3n" title="Evaporación – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Evaporación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxarlanma" title="Buxarlanma – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buxarlanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garav%C4%97ms" title="Garavėms – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Garavėms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebaporasyon" title="Ebaporasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ebaporasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Выпарэнне – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выпарэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Изпарение – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изпарение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="স্বতঃবাষ্পীভবন – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বতঃবাষ্পীভবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporacija" title="Evaporacija – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Evaporacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3" title="Evaporació – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evaporació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ӏаьнаре дерзар – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьнаре дерзар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="بەھەڵمبوون – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەھەڵمبوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Пăслану – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăслану" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordampning" title="Fordampning – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fordampning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunstung" title="Verdunstung – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verdunstung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Εξάτμιση – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξάτμιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Evaporation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporado" title="Vaporado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaporado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3n" title="Evaporación – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evaporación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurumine" title="Aurumine – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aurumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrunketa" title="Lurrunketa – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrunketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="تبخیر سطحی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تبخیر سطحی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haihtuminen" title="Haihtuminen – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haihtuminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vaporation" title="Évaporation – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évaporation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%BA" title="Galú – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Galú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3n" title="Evaporación – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evaporación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התאיידות – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התאיידות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8" title="वाष्पन – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाष्पन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlapljenje" title="Hlapljenje – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hlapljenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporasyon" title="Evaporasyon – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Evaporasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rolg%C3%A1s" title="Párolgás – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Párolgás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գոլորշացում – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոլորշացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguapan" title="Penguapan – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penguapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Evaporazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BA" title="蒸発 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蒸発" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panguwaban" title="Panguwaban – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panguwaban" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puwlan%C4%B1w" title="Puwlanıw – karakalpačtina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Puwlanıw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arugen" title="Arugen – kabylština" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Arugen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Булану – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Булану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3_(%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86)" title="ಬಾಷ್ಪೀಕರಣ (ಆವಿಯಾಗುವಿಕೆ) – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಷ್ಪೀಕರಣ (ಆವಿಯಾಗುವಿಕೆ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EB%B0%9C" title="증발 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="증발" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethennans" title="Ethennans – kornština" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ethennans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Буулануу – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Буулануу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporatio" title="Evaporatio – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evaporatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svaporament" title="Svaporament – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Svaporament" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8D" title="ການລະເຫີຍ – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການລະເຫີຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garavimas" title="Garavimas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztvaiko%C5%A1ana" title="Iztvaikošana – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iztvaikošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Испарување – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Испарување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Ууршилт – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ууршилт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="बाष्पीभवन – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाष्पीभवन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyejatan" title="Penyejatan – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyejatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B6%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အငွေ့ပျံခြင်း – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အငွေ့ပျံခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="वाष्पीकरण – nepálština" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वाष्पीकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporatie" title="Evaporatie – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evaporatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordamping" title="Fordamping – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fordamping" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordampning" title="Fordampning – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fordampning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporacion" title="Evaporacion – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Evaporacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parowanie" title="Parowanie – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parowanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84_(%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A8%DA%93%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84)" title="بخارکېدل (په بړاس بدلېدل) – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بخارکېدل (په بړاس بدلېدل)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapora%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Evaporação – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evaporação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsiyay" title="Wapsiyay – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsiyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporare" title="Evaporare – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evaporare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Испарение – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испарение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlapljenje" title="Hlapljenje – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hlapljenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evaporation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyparovanie" title="Vyparovanie – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vyparovanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izhlapevanje" title="Izhlapevanje – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izhlapevanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasauka" title="Sasauka – šonština" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sasauka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Испаравање – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Испаравање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avdunstning" title="Avdunstning – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avdunstning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvukizaji" title="Uvukizaji – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uvukizaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆவியாதல் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆவியாதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2" title="การระเหย – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การระเหย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsingaw" title="Pagsingaw – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsingaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buharla%C5%9Fma" title="Buharlaşma – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buharlaşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Випаровування – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Випаровування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="عمل تبخیر – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل تبخیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%CA%BBlanish" title="Bugʻlanish – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bugʻlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_h%C6%A1i" title="Bay hơi – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bay hơi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒸发" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸发" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-hoat" title="Cheng-hoat – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheng-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" title="蒸發 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒸發" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132814#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuse:Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" rel="discussion" title="Diskuse ke stránce [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&oldid=23959222" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&id=23959222&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVypa%25C5%2599ov%25C3%25A1n%25C3%25AD"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVypa%25C5%2599ov%25C3%25A1n%25C3%25AD"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evaporation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132814" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv/280px--10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv/10._%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vypařování</b> je skupenská přeměna, při které se <a href="/wiki/Kapalina" title="Kapalina">kapalina</a> mění na <a href="/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn">plyn</a> pouze z povrchu (ne z celého <a href="/wiki/Objem" title="Objem">objemu</a>, jako při <a href="/wiki/Var" title="Var">varu</a>). Kapalina při vypařování odebírá <a href="/wiki/Teplo" title="Teplo">teplo</a> z okolí. </p><p>Podle <a href="/wiki/Kinetick%C3%A1_teorie_l%C3%A1tek" title="Kinetická teorie látek">kinetické teorie</a> se z kapaliny vypařují ty <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekuly</a>, jejichž <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> je dostatečná k překonání <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohezn%C3%AD_s%C3%ADla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohezní síla (stránka neexistuje)">kohezních sil</a>, a jejichž <a href="/wiki/Molekulov%C3%BD_pohyb" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekulový pohyb">pohyb</a> směřuje k <a href="/wiki/Voln%C3%BD_povrch" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Volný povrch">volnému povrchu</a> kapaliny, takže projdou povrchovou vrstvou a opustí kapalinu. Kapalinu tedy opouštějí molekuly s největší energií. Pokud je těchto molekul větší množství, vede to ke snížení <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Střední energie (stránka neexistuje)">střední energie</a> zbývajících molekul kapaliny. To se při <a href="/wiki/Adiabatick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Adiabatický děj">adiabatickém</a> vypařování projeví snížením <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teploty</a> kapaliny. Při <a href="/wiki/Termodynamick%C3%A1_rovnov%C3%A1ha" title="Termodynamická rovnováha">rovnováze</a> mezi <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ra" title="Pára">párou</a> a kapalinou se pára nazývá <a href="/wiki/Syt%C3%A1_p%C3%A1ra" title="Sytá pára">nasycená</a>. </p><p>Množství tepla, které je při dané teplotě potřebné k přeměně jednoho kilogramu kapalné látky v <a href="/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn">plynnou</a> fázi, se nazývá <a href="/wiki/Skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_v%C3%BDparn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Skupenské teplo výparné">skupenské teplo výparné (vypařovací)</a>. </p><p>K vypařování může docházet i pomocí světla (bez vlivu tepla).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opačným jevem k vypařování je <a href="/wiki/Kapaln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Kapalnění">kondenzace</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vypařování_a_var"><span id="Vypa.C5.99ov.C3.A1n.C3.AD_a_var"></span>Vypařování a var</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Vypařování a var" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vypařování a var"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kapaliny se vypařují při každé teplotě. <a href="/wiki/Rychlost" title="Rychlost">Rychlost</a> vypařování je závislá na <a href="/wiki/Tenze_par" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenze par">tenzi nasycených par</a> a to tak, že s vyšší tenzí nasycených par se rychlost vypařování zvyšuje. Rychlost vypařování tedy roste s teplotou. Pokud tenze nasycených par nad kapalinou dosáhne takové hodnoty, která je rovna tlaku okolního prostředí, začnou se páry nad povrchem kapaliny rozpínat, čímž umožňují rychlejší tvoření nových par, neboť jim uvolňují prostor nad povrchem kapaliny. Takovéto intenzivní vypařování, které probíhá nejen na povrchu, ale také uvnitř kapaliny, se nazývá <b><a href="/wiki/Var" title="Var">var</a></b>. Jedná se o skupenskou přeměnu, která za daného tlaku probíhá při <a href="/wiki/Konstanta" title="Konstanta">konstantní</a> teplotě, tzv. <a href="/wiki/Teplota_varu" title="Teplota varu">teplotě (bodu) varu</a>. Teplota varu je závislá na tlaku okolního prostředí. Rychlost této skupenské přeměny je závislá na množství <a href="/wiki/Teplo" title="Teplo">tepla</a> přiváděného do vařící se kapaliny. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vlastnosti">Vlastnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vlastnosti"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>K vypařování dochází za jakékoli <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teploty</a> kapaliny. Rychlost vypařování závisí na: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teplotě kapaliny a okolí</a> – čím vyšší teplota, tím rychlejší vypařování,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsah" title="Obsah">velikosti povrchu</a> – čím větší povrch, tím rychlejší vypařování,</li> <li>na vlastnostech <a href="/wiki/Kapalina" title="Kapalina">kapaliny</a> (na přitažlivých <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADla" title="Síla">silách</a> mezi <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1stice" title="Částice">částicemi</a> kapaliny),</li> <li>na pohybu plynu nad kapalinou,</li> <li>na <a href="/wiki/Tenze_par" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenze par">tlaku par</a> plynu nad kapalinou.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fázový_diagram_pro_vypařování"><span id="F.C3.A1zov.C3.BD_diagram_pro_vypa.C5.99ov.C3.A1n.C3.AD"></span>Fázový diagram pro vypařování</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Fázový diagram pro vypařování" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Fázový diagram pro vypařování"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg/220px-Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg/330px-Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg/440px-Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Fázový diagram <i>p-V</i> pro vypařování.</figcaption></figure> <p>Na příkladu <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1zov%C3%BD_diagram" title="Fázový diagram">diagramu</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p-V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p-V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da2af91c76a5d4e83ab2223030ba5988392c4f5e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.886ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p-V}"></span> je vidět, že <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1zov%C3%BD_p%C5%99echod" title="Fázový přechod">fázová přeměna</a> kapaliny v páru je provázena změnou <a href="/wiki/Objem" title="Objem">objemu</a>. Objem kapaliny <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/adfdbc929f16cb00bb43289c223651b41f7b9f80" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}}"></span> před fázovou změnou (bod <i>1</i> na <a href="/wiki/Soubor:Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg" title="Soubor:Fazovy diagram vyparovani.svg">obrázku</a>) je tedy odlišný od objemu plynu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ceaa689a894f5020a7b46177d201cbce2d41122b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{2}}"></span> po fázové změně (bod <i>2</i> na <a href="/wiki/Soubor:Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg" title="Soubor:Fazovy diagram vyparovani.svg">obrázku</a>). Při vypařování se objem vždy zvětšuje, tzn. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{2}>V_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>></mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{2}>V_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd0cfbb56166027bebc5b372652221556dd01292" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.917ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{2}>V_{1}}"></span>. Při vypařování za stálého <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a> se <a href="/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota">teplota</a> nemění. <a href="/wiki/Izobarick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izobarický děj">Izobarické</a> vypařování je tedy současně také <a href="/wiki/Izotermick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izotermický děj">izotermické</a>. </p><p>Na <a href="/wiki/Soubor:Fazovy_diagram_vyparovani.svg" title="Soubor:Fazovy diagram vyparovani.svg">obrázku</a> se čára <i>a</i> nazývá <i>dolní mezní čára</i>, čára <i>b</i> je označována jako <i>horní mezní čára</i>. Bod <i>K</i> se nazývá <a href="/wiki/Kritick%C3%BD_bod" title="Kritický bod">kritický bod</a> a <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01084a31964201514f3e6bd0136989e11ea6e58a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.348ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{k}}"></span> je <a href="/wiki/Kritick%C3%BD_tlak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritický tlak">kritický tlak</a>. Čára <i>c</i> označuje <a href="/wiki/Izotermick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izotermický děj">izotermickou</a> expanzi kapaliny, <i>d</i> vypařování kapaliny (děj <a href="/wiki/Izobarick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izobarický děj">izobaricko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Izotermick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izotermický děj">izotermický</a>), <i>e</i> je pak <a href="/wiki/Izotermick%C3%BD_d%C4%9Bj" title="Izotermický děj">izotermická</a> expanze <a href="/wiki/Syt%C3%A1_p%C3%A1ra" title="Sytá pára">nasycené páry</a> ze stavu <i>2</i> na <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99eh%C5%99%C3%A1t%C3%A1_p%C3%A1ra" title="Přehřátá pára">přehřátou páru</a>. Čára <i>f</i> pro přehřátou kapalinu a čára <i>g</i> pro přechlazenou (podchlazenou) páru označují <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nestabilita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nestabilita (stránka neexistuje)">nestabilní</a> (metastabilní) stavy. Oblast <i>A</i> je <i>oblastí kapaliny</i>, <i>B</i> je <i>oblastí přehřáté páry</i> a <i>C</i> je <i>oblastí sycení</i>. </p><p>Horní mezní čára je čarou nasycené páry, což představuje konec vypařování nebo naopak počátek <a href="/wiki/Kapaln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Kapalnění">kondenzace</a>. Dolní mezní čára je hranicí oblasti samostatné kapaliny, jde tedy o možný počátek vypařování nebo konec kondenzace. Mezi dolní a horní mezní čarou dochází k samotné fázové přeměně, během níž existuje současně kapalina i pára, tzn. jde o <a href="/wiki/Sm%C4%9Bs" title="Směs">směs</a> dvou <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1ze_(termodynamika)" title="Fáze (termodynamika)">fází</a>. Při postupu od bodu <i>1</i> k bodu <i>2</i> bude tato směs obsahovat stále více páry a méně kapaliny. Poměr <a href="/wiki/Hmotnost" title="Hmotnost">hmotnosti</a> páry ve směsi k celkové hmotnosti směsi se nazývá <b>suchost</b>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Brn%C3%A9_skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_v%C3%BDparn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Měrné skupenské teplo výparné">Měrné výparné teplo</a> je pro určitou kapalinu závislé na teplotě. Podle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clausius-Clapeyronova_rovnice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clausius-Clapeyronova rovnice (stránka neexistuje)">Clausius-Clapeyronova rovnice</a> klesá toto teplo s rostoucí teplotou a pro <a href="/wiki/Kritick%C3%A1_teplota" title="Kritická teplota">kritickou teplotu</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51cc852c6e446a4871f78e05492699a9525b9acb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.446ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{k}}"></span> je <a href="/wiki/Nula" title="Nula">nulové</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troutonovo_pravidlo">Troutonovo pravidlo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Troutonovo pravidlo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Troutonovo pravidlo"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mezi <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_skupensk%C3%A9_teplo" class="mw-redirect" title="Molární skupenské teplo">molárním skupenským vypařovacím teplem</a> a <a href="/wiki/Teplota_varu" title="Teplota varu">teplotou varu</a> (v <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvinech</a>) za <a href="/wiki/Norm%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_tlak" class="mw-redirect" title="Normální tlak">normálního atmosférického tlaku</a> platí tzv. <b>Troutonovo pravidlo</b> (též <b>Pictetovo-Troutonovo pravidlo</b>) </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {L_{v}}{T_{v}}}\approx 87-88{\frac {J}{Kmol}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>87</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>88</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>J</mi> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {L_{v}}{T_{v}}}\approx 87-88{\frac {J}{Kmol}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/04e3c5561723567d0cdfbd62c1fea07dceb0cb8f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:20.801ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {L_{v}}{T_{v}}}\approx 87-88{\frac {J}{Kmol}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> How light can vaporize water without the need for heat. <i>phys.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2024-05-28]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2024-04-vaporize.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2024-04-vaporize.html&rft.atitle=How+light+can+vaporize+water+without+the+need+for+heat"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transpirace" title="Transpirace">Transpirace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodynamika" title="Termodynamika">Termodynamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_v%C3%BDparn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Skupenské teplo výparné">Skupenské teplo výparné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9Brn%C3%A9_skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_v%C3%BDparn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Měrné skupenské teplo výparné">Měrné skupenské teplo výparné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Var" title="Var">Var</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapaln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Kapalnění">Kondenzace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1zov%C3%BD_p%C5%99echod" title="Fázový přechod">Fázový přechod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leidenfrost%C5%AFv_jev" title="Leidenfrostův jev">Leidenfrostův jev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glob%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_stm%C3%ADv%C3%A1n%C3%AD#Vypařování_vody" title="Globální stmívání">Globální stmívání → Vypařování vody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C5%A1en%C3%AD" title="Sušení">Sušení</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evaporation" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Evaporation">evaporace</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:vypařování">vypařování</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output 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class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vypařování&oldid=23959222">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vypařování&oldid=23959222</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:F%C3%A1zov%C3%A9_p%C5%99em%C4%9Bny" title="Kategorie:Fázové přeměny">Fázové přeměny</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NKC" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_PSH" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem 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