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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career as director</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career_as_director-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career as director subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career_as_director-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Final years and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directing_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directing_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Directing style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directing_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feature_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feature_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Feature films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feature_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Short films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unfinished_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unfinished_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Unfinished films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unfinished_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fred Zinnemann</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فريد زينمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريد زينمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ফ্রেড জিনেমান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেড জিনেমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фрэд Цынеман – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэд Цынеман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фред Зинеман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фред Зинеман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Φρεντ Τσίνεμαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρεντ Τσίνεμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرد زینمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرد زینمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C_%EC%A7%84%EB%84%A4%EB%A7%8C" title="프레드 진네만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레드 진네만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4_%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ֆրեդ Ցինեման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեդ Ցինեման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פרד זינמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרד זינמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრედ ცინემანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრედ ცინემანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фред Циннеман – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фред Циннеман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredus_Zinnemann" title="Alfredus Zinnemann – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alfredus Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freds_Cinnemans" title="Freds Cinnemans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Freds Cinnemans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრედ ცინემანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრედ ცინემანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فريد زينمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريد زينمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="フレッド・ジンネマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレッド・ジンネマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fred Zinnemann" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austrian-American film director (1907–1997)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Fred Zinnemann</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg/220px-Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg/330px-Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg/440px-Fred_Zinnemann_1940s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Zinnemann in the 1940s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Alfred Zinnemann</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-04-29</span>)</span>April 29, 1907<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(now <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-rzenews_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzenews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbes22_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 14, 1997<span style="display:none">(1997-03-14)</span> (aged 89)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_Louis-Lumi%C3%A8re" title="École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière">École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Film director</li><li>producer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1932–1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)" title="Oklahoma! (1955 film)">Oklahoma!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man For All Seasons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Renee Bartlett</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1936)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Zinnemann" title="Tim Zinnemann">Tim Zinnemann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a></b><br />1954 <i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i><br />1967 <i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a></i> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a></b><br />1967 <i>A Man for All Seasons</i> </p> <b><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film">Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film</a></b><br />1952 <i><a href="/wiki/Benjy_(film)" title="Benjy (film)">Benjy</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alfred Zinnemann</b> (April 29, 1907 – March 14, 1997) was an <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian-American</a><sup id="cite_ref-rzenews_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzenews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> film director and producer. He won four <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> for directing and producing films in various genres, including <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thrillers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">westerns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">play</a> adaptations. He began his career in Europe before emigrating to the US, where he specialized in <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">shorts</a> before making 25 feature films during his 50-year career. </p><p>He was among the first directors to insist on using authentic locations and for mixing stars with non-professional actors to give his films more realism. Within the film industry, he was considered a maverick for taking risks and thereby creating unique films, with many of his stories being dramas about lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events. According to one historian<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2024)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup>, Zinnemann's style demonstrated his sense of "psychological realism and his apparent determination to make worthwhile pictures that are nevertheless highly entertaining."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Among his films were <i><a href="/wiki/The_Search" title="The Search">The Search</a></i> (1948), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_(1950_film)" title="The Men (1950 film)">The Men</a></i> (1950), <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)" title="Oklahoma! (1955 film)">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1955), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a></i> (1959), <a href="/wiki/The_Sundowners_(1960_film)" title="The Sundowners (1960 film)"><i>The Sundowners</i></a> (1960), <i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a></i> (1966), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Jackal_(film)" title="The Day of the Jackal (film)">The Day of the Jackal</a></i> (1973), and <i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i> (1977). His films have received 65 Oscar nominations, winning 24; Zinnemann himself was nominated for ten, and won <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> for <i>From Here to Eternity</i> (1953), <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> and Best Director for <i>A Man for All Seasons</i> (1966), and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_(Short_Subject)" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)">Best Documentary, Short Subjects</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Benjy_(film)" title="Benjy (film)">Benjy</a></i> (1951). </p><p>Zinnemann directed and introduced a number of stars in their U.S. film debuts, including <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pier_Angeli" title="Pier Angeli">Pier Angeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Harris (actress)">Julie Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandon_deWilde" title="Brandon deWilde">Brandon deWilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Jones" title="Shirley Jones">Shirley Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>. He directed 19 actors to Oscar nominations, including <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glynis_Johns" title="Glynis Johns">Glynis Johns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Hiller" title="Wendy Hiller">Wendy Hiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: Cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>In Austria, discrimination had been part of life since time immemorial. It was always there, oppressive, often snide, sometimes hostile, seldom violent. It was in the air and one sensed it at all levels, in school, at work and in society. A Jew was an outsider, a threat to the country's culture. Born in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>), and raised as an Austrian, he would still never truly belong. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Fred Zinnemann<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Zinnemann was born in <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rzenews_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzenews-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbes22_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes22-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of Anna (Feiwel) and Oskar Zinnemann, a doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austrian Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had one younger brother. </p><p>Zinnemann grew up in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, during much of which his father was serving as a combat medic with the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a>. Zinnemann later recalled that his father was severely traumatized by his war experiences and often suffered from nightmares.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While growing up in the <a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">First Austrian Republic</a>, which had been formed as a <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump state</a> of a fallen Empire in 1918 and which he later described as, "a tiny, defeated, impoverished country",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zinnemann wanted to become a musician, but went on to graduate with a law degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While studying law, he became drawn to films and convinced his parents to let him study film production in the <a href="/wiki/Third_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third French Republic">Third French Republic</a>. After studying for a year at the <a href="/wiki/Ecole_Technique_de_Photographie_et_Cin%C3%A9matographie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole Technique de Photographie et Cinématographie">Ecole Technique de Photographie et Cinématographie</a> in Paris, Zinnemann became a <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cameraman</a> and found work on a number of films being made at <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Studio" title="Babelsberg Studio">Babelsberg Studio</a> in Berlin, during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, before emigrating to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of Zinnemann's parents, whom he later described as nostalgic for the days of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Monarchy">Habsburg Monarchy</a>, came back to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> after <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> where later they were murdered by Germans during the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. Up until their death Zimmerman was exchanging letters with them, all written in Polish.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_as_director">Career as director</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career as director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zinnemann worked in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a> with several other beginners (<a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Siodmak" title="Robert Siodmak">Robert Siodmak</a> also worked with him on the 1929 feature <i><a href="/wiki/People_on_Sunday" title="People on Sunday">People on Sunday</a></i>) after he studied filmmaking in France. His penchant for realism and authenticity is evident in his first feature <i><a href="/wiki/Redes_(film)" title="Redes (film)">The Wave</a></i> (1936), shot on location in Mexico with mostly non-professional actors recruited among the locals, which is one of the earliest examples of <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social realism</a> in narrative film. Earlier in the decade, in fact, Zinnemann had worked with documentarian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Flaherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Flaherty">Robert Flaherty</a>, "probably the greatest single influence on my work as a filmmaker", he said.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although he was fascinated by the artistic culture of Germany, with its theater, music and films, he was also aware that the country was in a deep economic crisis. He became disenchanted with Berlin after continually seeing decadent ostentation and luxury existing alongside desperate unemployment. The wealthy classes were moving more to the political right and the poor to the left. "Emotion had long since begun to displace reason," he said.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> As a result of the changing political climate, along with the fact that <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound films</a> had arrived in Europe, which was technically unprepared to produce their own, film production throughout Europe slowed dramatically. Zinnemann, then only 21, got his parents' permission to go to America where he hoped filmmaking opportunities would be greater.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> </p><p>He arrived in New York at the end of October 1929, at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_crash#Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" title="Stock market crash">stock market crash</a>. Despite the financial panic then beginning, he found New York to be a different cultural environment:<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>New York was a terrific experience, full of excitement, with a vitality and pace then totally lacking in Europe. It was as though I had just left a continent of zombies and entered a place humming with incredible energy and power.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He took a Greyhound bus to Hollywood a few months later following the completion of his first directorial effort for the Mexican cultural protest film, <i>The Wave</i>, in Alvarado, Mexico. He established residence in North Hollywood with <a href="/wiki/Henwar_Rodakiewicz" title="Henwar Rodakiewicz">Henwar Rodakiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunther_von_Fritsch" title="Gunther von Fritsch">Gunther von Fritsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Scott" title="Ned Scott">Ned Scott</a>, all fellow contributors to the Mexican project.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Zinnemann's first jobs in Hollywood was as an <a href="/wiki/Extra_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra (actor)">extra</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1930_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> (1930). He said that many of the other extras were former <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian aristocrats</a> and high-ranking officers who fled to America as refugees from the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in 1917 and the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">Red Terror</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </p><p>He was twenty-two but he said he felt older than the forty-year-olds in Hollywood. But he was jubilant because he was then certain that "this was the place one could breathe free and belong."<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> But after a few years he became disillusioned with the limited talents of Hollywood's elites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940s">1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg/220px-Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg/330px-Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg/440px-Montgomery_Clift_in_The_Search_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Montgomery Clift in his debut film, <i>The Search</i> (1948)</figcaption></figure> <p>After some directing success with some short films, he graduated to features in 1942, turning out two B mysteries, <i><a href="/wiki/Kid_Glove_Killer" title="Kid Glove Killer">Kid Glove Killer</a> and</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_in_the_Night" title="Eyes in the Night">Eyes in the Night</a></i> before getting his big break with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Cross_(film)" title="The Seventh Cross (film)">The Seventh Cross</a></i> (1944), starring <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>, which became his first hit. The film was based on <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a>' novel and, while filmed entirely on the <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a> <a href="/wiki/Backlot" title="Backlot">backlot</a>, made realistic use of refugee German actors in even the smallest roles. The central character—an escaped prisoner played by Tracy—is seen as comparatively passive and fatalistic. He is, however, the subject of heroic assistance from anti-Nazi Germans. In a sense, the most dynamic character of the film is not the Tracy character but a humble German worker played by <a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a>, who changes from Nazi sympathizer to active opponent of the regime as he aids Tracy. </p><p>After World War II, Zinnemann learned that both of his parents had been murdered in the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> He was frustrated by his studio contract, which dictated that he did not have a choice in directing films like <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Mister_Jim" title="Little Mister Jim">Little Mister Jim</a></i> (1946) and <i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother_Talks_to_Horses" title="My Brother Talks to Horses">My Brother Talks to Horses</a></i> (1947) despite his lack of interest in their subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, his next film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Search" title="The Search">The Search</a></i> (1948), won an Oscar for screenwriting and secured his position in the Hollywood establishment. Shot in war-ravaged Germany, the film stars <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a> in his screen debut as a <a href="/wiki/G.I._(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="G.I. (military)">GI</a> who cares for a lost Czech boy traumatized by the war. It was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Violence" title="Act of Violence">Act of Violence</a></i> (1948), a gritty <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Van_Heflin" title="Van Heflin">Van Heflin</a> as a haunted POW, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ryan" title="Robert Ryan">Robert Ryan</a> as his hot-tempered former friend, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Leigh" title="Janet Leigh">Janet Leigh</a> as Heflin's wife, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Astor" title="Mary Astor">Mary Astor</a> as a sympathetic prostitute. Zinnemann considered <i>Act of Violence</i> the first project in which he "felt comfortable knowing exactly what I wanted and exactly how to get it."<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_(1950_film)" title="The Men (1950 film)">The Men</a></i> (1950) stars <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Paraplegic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraplegic">paraplegic</a> war veteran. It was Brando's first film. Zinnemann filmed many scenes in a California hospital where real patients served as extras. It was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Teresa_(1951_film)" title="Teresa (1951 film)">Teresa</a></i> (1951), starring <a href="/wiki/Pier_Angeli" title="Pier Angeli">Pier Angeli</a>. </p><p>Perhaps Zinnemann's best-known work is <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952), one of the first 25 American films chosen in 1989 for the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>. With its psychological and moral examinations of its lawman hero Marshall Will Kane, played by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> and its innovative chronology whereby screen time approximated the 80-minute countdown to the confrontational hour, the film broke the mold of the formulaic western. Working closely with cinematographer and longtime friend <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Crosby" title="Floyd Crosby">Floyd Crosby</a>, he shot without filters, giving the landscape a harsh "newsreel" quality that clashed with the more painterly cinematography of John Ford's westerns.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During production he established a strong rapport with <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, photographing the aging actor in many tight close-ups which showed him sweating, and at one point, even crying on screen. </p><p>Screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> apparently intended <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> to be an allegory of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>'s vendetta against alleged Communists. However, Zinnemann disagreed, insisting, late in life, that the issues in the film, for him, were broader, and were more about conscience and independent, uncompromising fearlessness. He says, "<i>High Noon</i> is "not a Western, as far as I'm concerned; it just happens to be set in the Old West." </p><p>Film critic <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Prince" title="Stephen Prince">Stephen Prince</a> suggests that the character of Kane actually represents Zinnemann, who tried to create an atmosphere of impending threat on the horizon, a fear of potential "fascism", represented by the gang of killers soon arriving. Zinnemann explained the general context for many of his films: "One of the crucial things today [is] trying to preserve our civilization."<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> </p><p>Prince adds that Zinnemann, having learned that both his parents were murdered in the Holocaust, wanted Kane willing to "fight rather than run", unlike everyone else in town. As a result, "Zinnemann allies himself" with the film's hero.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> Zinnemann explains the theme of the film and its relevance to modern times: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I saw it as a great movie yarn, full of enormously interesting people ... only later did it dawn on me that this was <i>not</i> a regular Western myth. There was something timely – and timeless – about it, something that had a direct bearing on life today. To me it was the story of a man who must make a decision according to his conscience. His town – symbol of a democracy gone soft – faces a horrendous threat to its people's way of life. Determined to resist, and in deep trouble, he moves all over the place looking for support but finding that there is nobody who will help him; each has a reason of his own for not getting involved. In the end, he must meet his chosen fate all by himself, his town's doors and windows firmly locked against him. It is a story that still happens everywhere, every day.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 96–97">: 96–97 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>For his screen adaptation of the play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Member_of_the_Wedding" title="The Member of the Wedding">The Member of the Wedding</a></i> (1952), Zinnemann chose <a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris_(American_actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Harris (American actress)">Julie Harris</a> as the film's 12-year-old <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a>, although she was by then 26 years old. Two years earlier Harris had created the role on Broadway just as the two other leading actors, <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Waters" title="Ethel Waters">Ethel Waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandon_deWilde" title="Brandon deWilde">Brandon deWilde</a>, had.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann's next film, <i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> (1953), based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/James_Jones_(author)" title="James Jones (author)">James Jones</a>, was nominated for 13 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> and would go on to win 8, including Best Picture and Best Director. Zinnemann fought hard with producer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cohn" title="Harry Cohn">Harry Cohn</a> to cast <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a> as the character of Prewitt, although <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, who was at the lowest point of his popularity, cast himself in the role of "Maggio" against Zinnemann's wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinatra would later win an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. <i>From Here to Eternity</i> also featured <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a>, best known for prim and proper roles, as a philandering Army wife. <a href="/wiki/Donna_Reed" title="Donna Reed">Donna Reed</a> played the role of Alma "Lorene" Burke, a prostitute and mistress of Montgomery Clift's character which earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for 1953. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg/220px-Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg/330px-Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg/440px-Don_Murray_-_Eva_Marie_Saint_-_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Don Murray and <a href="/wiki/Eva_Marie_Saint" title="Eva Marie Saint">Eva Marie Saint</a> in <i>A Hatful of Rain</i> (1957)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(1955_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (1955 film)">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1955), Zinnemann's version of the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Hammerstein</a> musical, the wide screen format <a href="/wiki/Todd-AO" title="Todd-AO">Todd-AO</a> made its debut, as did the film's young star, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Jones" title="Shirley Jones">Shirley Jones</a>. It was also an expression of Zinnemann's continued faith and optimism about America, with its energy and exuberance.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p><p>His next film was <i><a href="/wiki/A_Hatful_of_Rain" title="A Hatful of Rain">A Hatful of Rain</a></i> (1957), starring <a href="/wiki/Don_Murray_(actor)" title="Don Murray (actor)">Don Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eva_Marie_Saint" title="Eva Marie Saint">Eva Marie Saint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a>, and was based on the play by <a href="/wiki/Michael_V._Gazzo" title="Michael V. Gazzo">Michael V. Gazzo</a>. It is a drama story about a young married man with a secret morphine addiction who tries to quit and suffers through painful withdrawal symptoms. The film was a risk for Zinnemann, since movie depictions of drug addiction and withdrawal were rare in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann rounded out the 1950s with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a></i> (1959), casting <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> in the role of Sister Luke, a nun who eventually gives up the religious life to join the Belgian resistance in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. The film was based on the life of <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Habets" title="Marie Louise Habets">Marie Louise Habets</a>. Hepburn, who gave up the chance to play <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a> in order to work on <i>The Nun's Story</i>, considered the film to be her best and most personal work. Zinnemann's style of cutting from close-up to close-up was heavily influenced by Carl Theodor Dreyer's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Passion of Joan of Arc">The Passion of Joan of Arc</a></i> (1928), his favorite film. He was grateful that Hepburn was easy to work with: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have never seen anyone more disciplined, more gracious or more dedicated to her work than Audrey. There was no ego, no asking for extra favors; there was the greatest consideration for her co-workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 166">: 166 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sundowners_(1960_film)" title="The Sundowners (1960 film)">The Sundowners</a></i> (1960), starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Australian_outback" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian outback">Australian outback</a> husband and wife, led to more Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actress (Kerr) and Best Supporting Actress (<a href="/wiki/Glynis_Johns" title="Glynis Johns">Glynis Johns</a>), but won none. <i><a href="/wiki/Behold_a_Pale_Horse_(film)" title="Behold a Pale Horse (film)">Behold A Pale Horse</a></i> (1964) was a post-<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> epic based on the book <i><a href="/wiki/Killing_a_Mouse_on_Sunday" title="Killing a Mouse on Sunday">Killing a Mouse on Sunday</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a>, but was both a critical and commercial flop; Zinnemann would later admit that the film "didn't really come together."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the <a href="/wiki/4th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="4th Moscow International Film Festival">4th Moscow International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moscow1965_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow1965-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann's fortunes changed once again with <i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a></i> (1966), scripted by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> from his own play and starring <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> as <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas More">Sir Thomas More</a>, portraying him as a man driven by conscience to his ultimate fate. The film went on to win six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor (Scofield) and Best Director, Zinnemann's second such Oscar to date. The film was also entered into the <a href="/wiki/5th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="5th Moscow International Film Festival">5th Moscow International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moscow1967_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow1967-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this, Zinnemann was all set to direct an adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Man%27s_Fate" title="Man's Fate">Man's Fate</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a>. However, the project was shut down in 1969, and the studio attempted to hold Zinnemann responsible for at least $1 million of the $3.5 million that had already been spent on pre-production. In protest, Zinnemann filed a lawsuit against the studio, and it would be four years before he would make his next film.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_dies_at_89_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann_dies_at_89-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 1970s, Zinnemann had been out of work since the cancellation of <i>Man's Fate</i>; he believed it had "marked the end of an era in picture making and the dawn of a new one, when lawyers and accountants began to replace showmen as head of the studios and when a handshake was a handshake no longer."<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_dies_at_89_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann_dies_at_89-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a> then offered him the chance to direct <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Jackal_(film)" title="The Day of the Jackal (film)">The Day of the Jackal</a></i> (1973), based on the best-selling suspense novel by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Forsyth" title="Frederick Forsyth">Frederick Forsyth</a>. The film starred <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)" title="Edward Fox (actor)">Edward Fox</a> as an English assassin hired to kill French president <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a> as the French detective charged with stopping him. Zinnemann was intrigued by the opportunity to direct a film in which the audience would already be able to guess the ending (the Jackal failing his mission), and was pleased when it ultimately became a hit with the public.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Day of the Jackal</i> was followed four years later by <i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i> (1977), based on a story in the book <i><a href="/wiki/Pentimento:_A_Book_of_Portraits" title="Pentimento: A Book of Portraits">Pentimento: A Book of Portraits</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Hellman" title="Lillian Hellman">Lillian Hellman</a>. The film starred <a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> as a young Hellman and <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> as her best friend Julia, an American <a href="/wiki/Beneficiary" title="Beneficiary">heiress</a> who forsakes the safety and comfort of both her homeland and great wealth to devote her life with fatal consequences to the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Resistance">Austrian Resistance</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won three, for Best Screenplay (<a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a>), Best Supporting Actor (<a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a>), and Best Supporting Actress (<a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a>); Zinnemann thought that Fonda's acting was extraordinary enough to merit consideration for an award as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 226">: 226 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zinnemann's final film was <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_One_Summer" title="Five Days One Summer">Five Days One Summer</a></i> (1982), filmed in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and based on the short story <i>Maiden, Maiden</i> by <a href="/wiki/Kay_Boyle" title="Kay Boyle">Kay Boyle</a>. It starred <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Betsy_Brantley" title="Betsy Brantley">Betsy Brantley</a> as a "couple" vacationing in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> in the 1930s, and a young <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Wilson" title="Lambert Wilson">Lambert Wilson</a> as a mountain-climbing guide who grows heavily suspicious of their relationship. The film was both a critical and commercial flop, although Zinnemann would be told by various critics in later years that they considered it an underrated achievement.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zinnemann blamed the film's critical and commercial failure for his retirement from filmmaking: "I'm not saying it was a good picture. But there was a degree of viciousness in the reviews. The pleasure some people took in tearing down the film really hurt."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years_and_death">Final years and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Final years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zinnemann is often regarded as striking a blow against <a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">ageism</a> in Hollywood.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2022)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apocryphal story goes that in the 1980s, during a meeting with a young Hollywood executive, Zinnemann was surprised to find the executive didn't know who he was, despite having won four Academy Awards, and directing many of Hollywood's biggest films. When the young executive asked Zinnemann to list what he had done in his career, Zinnemann reportedly answered, "Sure. You first." In Hollywood, the story is known as "You First," and is often alluded to when veteran creators find that upstarts are unfamiliar with their work.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann insisted, "I've been trying to disown that story for years. It seems to me Billy Wilder told it to me about himself."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann died of a heart attack in London, England on March 14, 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was 89 years old. Zinneman's remains were cremated at <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a> and the cremated remains were collected from the cemetery. His wife, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renee_Bartlett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renee Bartlett (page does not exist)">Renee Bartlett</a> died on December 18, 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directing_style">Directing style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Directing style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: Cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>His films are characterized by an unshakable belief in human dignity; a realist aesthetic; a preoccupation with moral and social issues; a warm and sympathetic treatment of character; an expert handling of actors; a meticulous attention to detail; consummate technical artistry; poetic restraint; and deliberately open endings. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Arthur Nolletti,<sup id="cite_ref-Nolletti_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup><br />film historian</cite></p> </div> <p>Zinnemann's training in documentary filmmaking and his personal background contributed to his style as a "<a href="/wiki/Social_realist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social realist">social realist</a>." With his early films between 1937 and 1942 he began using that technique, and with <i>High Noon</i> in 1952, possibly his finest film, he created the tense atmosphere by coordinating screen time with real time.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because he started his film career as a cameraman, his movies are strongly oriented toward the visual aspects. He also said that regardless of the size of an actor's part, he spends much time discussing the roles with each actor separately and in depth. "In this way we make sure long before the filming starts that we are on the same wavelength," he says.<sup id="cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 223">: 223 </span></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann's films are mostly dramas about lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events, including <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> (1953); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a></i> (1959); <i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man For All Seasons</a></i> (1966); and <i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i> (1977). Regarded as a consummate craftsman, Zinnemann traditionally endowed his work with meticulous attention to detail to create realism, and had an intuitive gift for casting and a preoccupation with the moral dilemmas of his characters. His philosophy about directing influenced director <a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>My mentor was the great director, Fred Zinnemann, whom I used to show all my films to until he died. He said something to me that I always try to keep in my head every time I decide on what film to do next. He told me that making a film was a great privilege, and you should never waste it.<sup id="cite_ref-Emery_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emery-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i>, for example, he effectively added actual newsreel footage of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, which enhanced and dramatized the story. Similarly, in <i>A Hatful of Rain</i>, he used a documentary style to present real life drug addiction in New York City. Zinnemann again incorporated newsreel footage in <i>Behold a Pale Horse</i>, about the Spanish Civil War. <i>The Day of the Jackal</i>, a political thriller about an attempt to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, was shot on location in newsreel style, while <i>Julia</i> placed the characters in authentic settings, as in a suspenseful train journey from Paris to Moscow during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one historian, Zinnemann's style "demonstrates the director's sense of psychological realism and his apparent determination to make worthwhile pictures that are nevertheless highly entertaining."<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feature_films">Feature films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Feature films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1936 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Redes_(film)" title="Redes (film)">Redes</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1942 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kid_Glove_Killer" title="Kid Glove Killer">Kid Glove Killer</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_in_the_Night" title="Eyes in the Night">Eyes in the Night</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Cross_(film)" title="The Seventh Cross (film)">The Seventh Cross</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Mister_Jim" title="Little Mister Jim">Little Mister Jim</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother_Talks_to_Horses" title="My Brother Talks to Horses">My Brother Talks to Horses</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Search" title="The Search">The Search</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Violence" title="Act of Violence">Act of Violence</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_(1950_film)" title="The Men (1950 film)">The Men</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Teresa_(1951_film)" title="Teresa (1951 film)">Teresa</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1952 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Member_of_the_Wedding_(film)" title="The Member of the Wedding (film)">The Member of the Wedding</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)" title="Oklahoma! (1955 film)">Oklahoma!</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Hatful_of_Rain" title="A Hatful of Rain">A Hatful of Rain</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sundowners_(1960_film)" title="The Sundowners (1960 film)">The Sundowners</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Behold_a_Pale_Horse_(film)" title="Behold a Pale Horse (film)">Behold a Pale Horse</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man For All Seasons</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Jackal_(film)" title="The Day of the Jackal (film)">The Day of the Jackal</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_One_Summer" title="Five Days One Summer">Five Days One Summer</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_films">Short films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Short films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Year </th> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Film </th> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Oscar nominations </th> <th style="background:#B0C4DE;">Oscar wins </th></tr> <tr> <td>1937 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friend_Indeed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friend Indeed (page does not exist)">Friend Indeed</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1938 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=They_Live_Again&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="They Live Again (page does not exist)">They Live Again</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/That_Mothers_Might_Live" title="That Mothers Might Live">That Mothers Might Live</a></i> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Story_of_Doctor_Carver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Story of Doctor Carver (page does not exist)">The Story of Doctor Carver</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">1939 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weather_Wizards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weather Wizards (page does not exist)">Weather Wizards</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=While_America_Sleeps_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="While America Sleeps (film) (page does not exist)">While America Sleeps</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help_Wanted_(1939_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help Wanted (1939 film) (page does not exist)">Help Wanted</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=One_Against_the_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="One Against the World (page does not exist)">One Against the World</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ash_Can_Fleet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ash Can Fleet (page does not exist)">The Ash Can Fleet</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forgotten_Victory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forgotten Victory (page does not exist)">Forgotten Victory</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1940 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Stuffie" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffie">Stuffie</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Meddler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Great Meddler (page does not exist)">The Great Meddler</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Old_South&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Old South (page does not exist)">The Old South</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Way_in_the_Wilderness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Way in the Wilderness (page does not exist)">A Way in the Wilderness</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1941 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Passage" title="Forbidden Passage">Forbidden Passage</a></i> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Your_Last_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Your Last Act (page does not exist)">Your Last Act</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1942 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greenie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Greenie (page does not exist)">The Greenie</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_or_the_Tiger%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lady or the Tiger?">The Lady or the Tiger?</a></i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Benjy_(film)" title="Benjy (film)">Benjy</a></i> (documentary) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unfinished_films">Unfinished films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unfinished films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Replaced by </th> <th><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1943 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_Is_a_Private_Affair" title="Marriage Is a Private Affair">Marriage Is a Private Affair</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Z._Leonard" title="Robert Z. Leonard">Robert Z. Leonard</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clock_(1945_film)" title="The Clock (1945 film)">The Clock</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty_O%27Keefe" title="His Majesty O'Keefe">His Majesty O'Keefe</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Byron_Haskin" title="Byron Haskin">Byron Haskin</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lions_(film)" title="The Young Lions (film)">The Young Lions</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dmytryk" title="Edward Dmytryk">Edward Dmytryk</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea_(1958_film)" title="The Old Man and the Sea (1958 film)">The Old Man and the Sea</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Sturges" title="John Sturges">John Sturges</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Birch_Interval" title="Birch Interval">Birch Interval</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(1966_film)" title="Hawaii (1966 film)">Hawaii</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F_(film)" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td><i>The Day Custer Fell</i> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td><i>The Dybbuk</i> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td><i>Man's Fate</i> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><i>Abelard and Heloise</i> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Lieutenant%27s_Woman_(film)" title="The French Lieutenant's Woman (film)">The French Lieutenant's Woman</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karel_Reisz" title="Karel Reisz">Karel Reisz</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Fred_Zinnemann" title="List of awards and nominations received by Fred Zinnemann">List of awards and nominations received by Fred Zinnemann</a></div> <p>Over the course of Zinnemann's career he has received three <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, two <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Awards">BAFTA Awards</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Academy Award for Best Short Subject, One-Reel: <i>That Mothers Might Live</i> (1938).</li> <li>Golden Globe for Best Film Promoting International Understanding: "The Search" (1948).</li> <li>Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject: <i>Benjy</i> (1951).</li> <li>New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director: <i>High Noon</i> (1952).</li> <li>Academy Award for Best Director, Directors Guild of America (DGA) Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures: <i>From Here to Eternity</i> (1953).</li> <li>New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director: <i>The Nun's Story</i> (1959).</li> <li>Academy Award for Best Director, New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director, and Directors Guild of America (DGA) Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures: <i>A Man for All Seasons</i> (1966).</li> <li>D. W. Griffith Award, 1971.</li> <li>Order of Arts and Letters, France, 1982.</li> <li>U.S. Congressional Lifetime Achievement Award, 1987.</li> <li>John Huston Award, Artists Right Foundation, 1994.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rzenews-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rzenews_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzenews_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzenews_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rzeszow-news.pl/fred-zinnemann-wroci-do-rzeszowa-w-sierpniu-na-niezwykly-filmowy-festiwal/">"Fred Zinnemann will return to Rzeszów. In August for an extraordinary film festival"</a>. <i>rzeszow-news</i>. July 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rzeszow-news&rft.atitle=Fred+Zinnemann+will+return+to+Rzesz%C3%B3w.+In+August+for+an+extraordinary+film+festival&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frzeszow-news.pl%2Ffred-zinnemann-wroci-do-rzeszowa-w-sierpniu-na-niezwykly-filmowy-festiwal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forbes22-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forbes22_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbes22_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2018/09/07/the-immigrant-who-directed-the-american-classic-high-noon/">"The Immigrant who Directed The American Classic High Noon"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Immigrant+who+Directed+The+American+Classic+High+Noon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fstuartanderson%2F2018%2F09%2F07%2Fthe-immigrant-who-directed-the-american-classic-high-noon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zinnemann-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred Zinnemann, <i>A Life in the Movies. An Autobiography</i>, Macmillan Books, (1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biznesistyl.pl/ludzie/sylwetki/7293_fred-zinnemann-nigdy-nie-wspominal-o-rodzinnym-rzeszowie.html">"Why Fred Zinnemann never mentioned his native Rzeszów?"</a>. <i>biznesistyl</i>. August 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biznesistyl&rft.atitle=Why+Fred+Zinnemann+never+mentioned+his+native+Rzesz%C3%B3w%3F&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biznesistyl.pl%2Fludzie%2Fsylwetki%2F7293_fred-zinnemann-nigdy-nie-wspominal-o-rodzinnym-rzeszowie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030233234/https://szukajwarchiwach.pl/59/533/0/-/72/skan/full/TDq-ZPkV34DdrvisxIldFA">"Civil Registration Book of Jewish Children in Rzeszów 1906–1909"</a>. National Records Office in Rzeszów. 1909. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://szukajwarchiwach.pl/59/533/0/-/72/skan/full/TDq-ZPkV34DdrvisxIldFA">the original</a> on October 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2018</span> – via Archival resources online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Registration+Book+of+Jewish+Children+in+Rzesz%C3%B3w+1906%E2%80%931909&rft.pub=National+Records+Office+in+Rzesz%C3%B3w&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fszukajwarchiwach.pl%2F59%2F533%2F0%2F-%2F72%2Fskan%2Ffull%2FTDq-ZPkV34DdrvisxIldFA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinnemann1992" class="citation book cs1">Zinnemann, Fred (August 3, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gvFkAAAAMAAJ"><i>My Life in the Movies: An Autobiography</i></a>. Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684190501" title="Special:BookSources/9780684190501"><bdi>9780684190501</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life+in+the+Movies%3A+An+Autobiography&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1992-08-03&rft.isbn=9780684190501&rft.aulast=Zinnemann&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgvFkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span> pages 48-49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinnemann2018" class="citation book cs1">Zinnemann, Fred (August 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC&pg=PR17"><i>Fred Zinnemann: Interviews</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578066988" title="Special:BookSources/9781578066988"><bdi>9781578066988</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred+Zinnemann%3A+Interviews&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.isbn=9781578066988&rft.aulast=Zinnemann&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSiK_3d6a7DQC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillstrom-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillstrom, Laurie Collier. <i>International Dictionary of Films and filmmakers-2: Directors</i>, 3rd ed. St. James Press (1997) p. 1116-1119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/proms/10233613/The-music-behind-Hollywoods-golden-age.html">the London telegraph: "The music behind Hollywood's golden age – As the Proms pays tribute to Hollywood's golden age, Tim Robey looks at the composers who redefined the film score"</a> By Tim Robey. August 24, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Fred Zinnemann (1992), <i>A Life in the Movies: An Autobiography</i>, Charles Scribner Sons. Pages 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Fred Zinnemann (1992), <i>A Life in the Movies: An Autobiography</i>, Charles Scribner Sons. Page 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nolletti-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nolletti_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nolletti, Arthur, ed. <i>The Films of Fred Zinnemann: Critical Perspectives</i>, State Univ. of N.Y. Press (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622072432/http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/ned-scott-biography.html">"ned scott biography"</a>. <i>www.thenedscottarchive.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/ned-scott-biography.html">the original</a> on June 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thenedscottarchive.com&rft.atitle=ned+scott+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenedscottarchive.com%2Fned-scott-biography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinnemann2018" class="citation book cs1">Zinnemann, Fred (August 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC"><i>Fred Zinnemann: Interviews</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578066988" title="Special:BookSources/9781578066988"><bdi>9781578066988</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred+Zinnemann%3A+Interviews&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.isbn=9781578066988&rft.aulast=Zinnemann&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSiK_3d6a7DQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. E. Smyth, "Fred Zinnemann and the Cinema of Resistance", Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2014. Pages 103–04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedigitalbits.com/item/member-of-the-wedding-bd"><i>The Member of the Wedding</i> review</a>, <i>The Digital Bits</i>, July 28, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinnemann2018" class="citation book cs1">Zinnemann, Fred (August 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC&pg=PA30"><i>Fred Zinnemann: Interviews</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578066988" title="Special:BookSources/9781578066988"><bdi>9781578066988</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred+Zinnemann%3A+Interviews&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.isbn=9781578066988&rft.aulast=Zinnemann&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSiK_3d6a7DQC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinnemann2018" class="citation book cs1">Zinnemann, Fred (August 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC&pg=PA153"><i>Fred Zinnemann: Interviews</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578066988" title="Special:BookSources/9781578066988"><bdi>9781578066988</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred+Zinnemann%3A+Interviews&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.isbn=9781578066988&rft.aulast=Zinnemann&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSiK_3d6a7DQC%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow1965-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moscow1965_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116145645/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1965">"4th Moscow International Film Festival (1965)"</a>. <i>MIFF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1965">the original</a> on January 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIFF&rft.atitle=4th+Moscow+International+Film+Festival+%281965%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowfilmfestival.ru%2Fmiff34%2Feng%2Farchives%2F%3Fyear%3D1965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow1967-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moscow1967_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194759/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1967">"5th Moscow International Film Festival (1967)"</a>. <i>MIFF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1967">the original</a> on January 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIFF&rft.atitle=5th+Moscow+International+Film+Festival+%281967%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowfilmfestival.ru%2Fmiff34%2Feng%2Farchives%2F%3Fyear%3D1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zinnemann_dies_at_89-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_dies_at_89_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zinnemann_dies_at_89_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayNatale1997" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Timothy M.; Natale, Richard (March 17, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/vstory/VR1117342690.html?categoryid=38&cs=1">"Zinnemann dies at 89"</a>. <i>Variety</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Zinnemann+dies+at+89&rft.date=1997-03-17&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Timothy+M.&rft.au=Natale%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.variety.com%2Fvstory%2FVR1117342690.html%3Fcategoryid%3D38%26cs%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Nolletti, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2rpAGzeD-cC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20">The Films of Fred Zinnemann: Critical Perspectives</a>, SUNY Press, 1999, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolletti1999" class="citation book cs1">Nolletti, Arthur (June 24, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2rpAGzeD-cC&pg=PA34"><i>The Films of Fred Zinnemann: Critical Perspectives</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791442265" title="Special:BookSources/9780791442265"><bdi>9780791442265</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Fred+Zinnemann%3A+Critical+Perspectives&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999-06-24&rft.isbn=9780791442265&rft.aulast=Nolletti&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2rpAGzeD-cC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGritten1992" class="citation news cs1">Gritten, David (June 21, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-21-ca-1509-story.html">"Movies : A Lion in His Winter : At 85, Fred Zinnemann looks back on a life in film; his anecdote-rich autobiography earns the rave reviews his last movie didn't"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Movies+%3A+A+Lion+in+His+Winter+%3A+At+85%2C+Fred+Zinnemann+looks+back+on+a+life+in+film%3B+his+anecdote-rich+autobiography+earns+the+rave+reviews+his+last+movie+didn%27t&rft.date=1992-06-21&rft.aulast=Gritten&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-06-21-ca-1509-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinyard2010" class="citation book cs1">Sinyard, Neil (2010). <i>Fred Zinnemann: Films of Character and Conscience</i>. McFarland. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786481729" title="Special:BookSources/9780786481729"><bdi>9780786481729</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred+Zinnemann%3A+Films+of+Character+and+Conscience&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780786481729&rft.aulast=Sinyard&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinraub1994" class="citation news cs1">Weinraub, Bernard (September 14, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE1D9153BF937A2575AC0A962958260">"At Lunch with: John Gregory Dunne; The Bad Old Days in All Their Glory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Lunch+with%3A+John+Gregory+Dunne%3B+The+Bad+Old+Days+in+All+Their+Glory&rft.date=1994-09-14&rft.aulast=Weinraub&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F0DE1D9153BF937A2575AC0A962958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGritten1992" class="citation news cs1">Gritten, David (June 21, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-21-ca-1509-story.html">"Movies : A Lion in His Winter : At 85, Fred Zinnemann looks back on a life in film; his anecdote-rich autobiography earns the rave reviews his last movie didn't"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Movies+%3A+A+Lion+in+His+Winter+%3A+At+85%2C+Fred+Zinnemann+looks+back+on+a+life+in+film%3B+his+anecdote-rich+autobiography+earns+the+rave+reviews+his+last+movie+didn%27t&rft.date=1992-06-21&rft.aulast=Gritten&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-06-21-ca-1509-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/zinnemann-fred-1907-1997">"Zinnemann, Fred 1907–1997"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Zinnemann%2C+Fred+1907%E2%80%931997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Farts%2Feducational-magazines%2Fzinnemann-fred-1907-1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/212767%7C55504/Fred-Zinnemann/">"Overview for Fred Zinnemann"</a>. <i>Turner Classic Movies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2003) pp. 133–154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24062">"AFI|Catalog - Marriage Is a Private Affair"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+Marriage+Is+a+Private+Affair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F24062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24360">"AFI|Catalog - The Clock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+The+Clock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F24360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/51231">"AFI|Catalog - His Majesty O'Keefe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+His+Majesty+O%27Keefe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F51231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/53587">"AFI|Catalog - The Young Lions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+The+Young+Lions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F53587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/52685">"AFI|Catalog - The Old Man and the Sea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+The+Old+Man+and+the+Sea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F52685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55817">"AFI|Catalog - Birch Interval"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+Birch+Interval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F55817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/23872">"AFI|Catalog - Hawaii"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+Hawaii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F23872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/22930">"AFI|Catalog - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+Who%27s+Afraid+of+Virginia+Woolf%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F22930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph1967" class="citation news cs1">Joseph, Robert (January 15, 1967). "Custer in Castillia? They Went Thataway". <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. p. o12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Custer+in+Castillia%3F+They+Went+Thataway&rft.pages=o12&rft.date=1967-01-15&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmcomment.com/article/unproduced-and-unfinished-films-a-ongoing-film-comment-project/">"Unproduced and Unfinished Films: An Ongoing Film Comment project"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Film_Comment" title="Film Comment">Film Comment</a></i>. No. May-June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Comment&rft.atitle=Unproduced+and+Unfinished+Films%3A+An+Ongoing+Film+Comment+project&rft.issue=May-June+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmcomment.com%2Farticle%2Funproduced-and-unfinished-films-a-ongoing-film-comment-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiler1972" class="citation news cs1">Weiler, A. H. (January 30, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/30/archives/call-him-judas-you-can-call-him-judas.html">"MOVIES"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. d13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MOVIES&rft.pages=d13&rft.date=1972-01-30&rft.aulast=Weiler&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F01%2F30%2Farchives%2Fcall-him-judas-you-can-call-him-judas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/60191">"AFI|Catalog - The French Lieutenant's Woman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFI+Catalog+of+Feature+Films&rft.atitle=AFI%26%23124%3BCatalog+-+The+French+Lieutenant%27s+Woman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F60191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFred+Zinnemann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Zinnemann&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003593/">Fred Zinnemann</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/3994/fred-zinnemann">Literature on Fred Zinnemann</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.oscars.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=65700">Fred Zinnemann papers</a>, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediathek.at/nc/type/8000/searchQuery/1634/hash/8qAzHrD5//">Fred Zinnemann</a> (in German) from the online-archive of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichische_Mediathek" title="Österreichische Mediathek">Österreichische Mediathek</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Fred_Zinnemann" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fred_Zinnemann" title="Template:Fred Zinnemann"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fred_Zinnemann" title="Template talk:Fred Zinnemann"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fred_Zinnemann" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fred Zinnemann"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Fred_Zinnemann" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Redes_(film)" title="Redes (film)">Redes</a></i> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/That_Mothers_Might_Live" title="That Mothers Might Live">That Mothers Might Live</a></i> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuffie_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuffie (film) (page does not exist)">Stuffie</a></i> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Passage" title="Forbidden Passage">Forbidden Passage</a></i> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Kid_Glove_Killer" title="Kid Glove Killer">Kid Glove Killer</a></i> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_in_the_Night" title="Eyes in the Night">Eyes in the Night</a></i> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Cross_(film)" title="The Seventh Cross (film)">The Seventh Cross</a></i> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Mister_Jim" title="Little Mister Jim">Little Mister Jim</a></i> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother_Talks_to_Horses" title="My Brother Talks to Horses">My Brother Talks to Horses</a></i> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Search" title="The Search">The Search</a></i> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Violence" title="Act of Violence">Act of Violence</a></i> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_(1950_film)" title="The Men (1950 film)">The Men</a></i> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Benjy_(film)" title="Benjy (film)">Benjy</a></i> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Teresa_(1951_film)" title="Teresa (1951 film)">Teresa</a></i> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Member_of_the_Wedding_(film)" title="The Member of the Wedding (film)">The Member of the Wedding</a></i> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a></i> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)" title="Oklahoma! (1955 film)">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Hatful_of_Rain" title="A Hatful of Rain">A Hatful of Rain</a></i> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a></i> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sundowners_(1960_film)" title="The Sundowners (1960 film)">The Sundowners</a></i> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Behold_a_Pale_Horse_(film)" title="Behold a Pale Horse (film)">Behold a Pale Horse</a></i> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a></i> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_of_the_Jackal_(film)" title="The Day of the Jackal (film)">The Day of the Jackal</a></i> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_One_Summer" title="Five Days One Summer">Five Days One Summer</a></i> (1982)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Fred_Zinnemann" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Fred_Zinnemann" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Fred Zinnemann</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_Best_Picture_Producers" title="Template:Academy Award Best Picture Producers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_Best_Picture_Producers" title="Template talk:Academy Award Best Picture Producers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_Best_Picture_Producers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award Best Picture Producers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Adler" title="Buddy Adler">Buddy Adler</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hecht" title="Harold Hecht">Harold Hecht</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Todd" title="Mike Todd">Michael Todd</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Zimbalist" title="Sam Zimbalist">Sam Zimbalist</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_and_James_Woolf" title="John and James Woolf">John Woolf</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Hellman" title="Jerome Hellman">Jerome Hellman</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_McCarthy_(producer)" title="Frank McCarthy (producer)">Frank McCarthy</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_D%27Antoni" title="Philip D'Antoni">Philip D'Antoni</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Ruddy" title="Albert S. Ruddy">Albert S. Ruddy</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bill" title="Tony Bill">Tony Bill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Phillips" title="Julia Phillips">Julia Phillips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phillips_(producer)" title="Michael Phillips (producer)">Michael Phillips</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_Frederickson" title="Gray Frederickson">Gray Frederickson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Roos" title="Fred Roos">Fred Roos</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Chartoff" title="Robert Chartoff">Robert Chartoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Winkler" title="Irwin Winkler">Irwin Winkler</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Joffe" title="Charles H. Joffe">Charles H. Joffe</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Deeley" title="Michael Deeley">Michael Deeley</a>, John Peverall and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Spikings" title="Barry Spikings">Barry Spikings</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_R._Jaffe" title="Stanley R. Jaffe">Stanley R. Jaffe</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_L._Schwary" title="Ronald L. Schwary">Ronald L. Schwary</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Kopelson" title="Arnold Kopelson">Arnold Kopelson</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thomas" title="Jeremy Thomas">Jeremy Thomas</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Johnson_(producer)" title="Mark Johnson (producer)">Mark Johnson</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lili_Fini_Zanuck" title="Lili Fini Zanuck">Lili Fini Zanuck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Zanuck" title="Richard D. Zanuck">Richard D. Zanuck</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilson_(producer)" title="Jim Wilson (producer)">Jim Wilson</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Bozman" title="Ron Bozman">Ron Bozman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Saxon" title="Edward Saxon">Edward Saxon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Utt" title="Kenneth Utt">Kenneth Utt</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Branko_Lustig" title="Branko Lustig">Branko Lustig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Molen" title="Gerald R. Molen">Gerald R. Molen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Finerman" title="Wendy Finerman">Wendy Finerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Starkey" title="Steve Starkey">Steve Starkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Tisch" title="Steve Tisch">Steve Tisch</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Davey" title="Bruce Davey">Bruce Davey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd_Jr." title="Alan Ladd Jr.">Alan Ladd Jr.</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau_(film_producer)" title="Jon Landau (film producer)">Jon Landau</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Gigliotti" title="Donna Gigliotti">Donna Gigliotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Parfitt" title="David Parfitt">David Parfitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Zwick" title="Edward Zwick">Edward Zwick</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cohen" title="Bruce Cohen">Bruce Cohen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Jinks" title="Dan Jinks">Dan Jinks</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Franzoni" title="David Franzoni">David Franzoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branko_Lustig" title="Branko Lustig">Branko Lustig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wick" title="Douglas Wick">Douglas Wick</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Grazer" title="Brian Grazer">Brian Grazer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Richards_(producer)" title="Martin Richards (producer)">Martin Richards</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrie_M._Osborne" title="Barrie M. Osborne">Barrie M. Osborne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Rosenberg" title="Tom Rosenberg">Tom Rosenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Ruddy" title="Albert S. Ruddy">Albert S. Ruddy</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Schulman" title="Cathy Schulman">Cathy Schulman</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Graham_King" title="Graham King">Graham King</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Ethan Coen, Joel Coen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Rudin" title="Scott Rudin">Scott Rudin</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Colson" title="Christian Colson">Christian Colson</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chartier" title="Nicolas Chartier">Nicolas Chartier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Shapiro_(producer)" title="Greg Shapiro (producer)">Greg Shapiro</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Canning" title="Iain Canning">Iain Canning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emile_Sherman" title="Emile Sherman">Emile Sherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Unwin" title="Gareth Unwin">Gareth Unwin</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langmann" title="Thomas Langmann">Thomas Langmann</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grant_Heslov" title="Grant Heslov">Grant Heslov</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dede_Gardner" title="Dede Gardner">Dede Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Katagas" title="Anthony Katagas">Anthony Katagas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kleiner" title="Jeremy Kleiner">Jeremy Kleiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lesher_(producer)" title="John Lesher (producer)">John Lesher</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_W._Skotchdopole" title="James W. Skotchdopole">James W. Skotchdopole</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blye_Pagon_Faust" title="Blye Pagon Faust">Blye Pagon Faust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Golin" title="Steve Golin">Steve Golin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Rocklin" title="Nicole Rocklin">Nicole Rocklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sugar" title="Michael Sugar">Michael Sugar</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dede_Gardner" title="Dede Gardner">Dede Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kleiner" title="Jeremy Kleiner">Jeremy Kleiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adele_Romanski" title="Adele Romanski">Adele Romanski</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Miles_Dale" title="J. Miles Dale">J. Miles Dale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Burke_(film_producer)" title="Jim Burke (film producer)">Jim Burke</a>, Brian Currie, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Farrelly" title="Peter Farrelly">Peter Farrelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Vallelonga" title="Nick Vallelonga">Nick Vallelonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Wessler" title="Charles B. Wessler">Charles B. Wessler</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwak_Sin-ae" title="Kwak Sin-ae">Kwak Sin-ae</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mollye Asher, Dan Janvey, <a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Spears" title="Peter Spears">Peter Spears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Fabrice Gianfermi, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Rousselet" title="Philippe Rousselet">Philippe Rousselet</a>, Patrick Wachsberger (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan, Daniel Scheinert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Wang" title="Jonathan Wang">Jonathan Wang</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thomas" title="Emma Thomas">Emma Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Roven" title="Charles Roven">Charles Roven</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1927/28; Dramatic Picture)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Milestone" title="Lewis Milestone">Lewis Milestone</a> (1927/28; Comedy Picture)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a> (1928/29)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Milestone" title="Lewis Milestone">Lewis Milestone</a> (1929/30)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Taurog" title="Norman Taurog">Norman Taurog</a> (1930/31)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1931/32)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a> (1932/33)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fleming" title="Victor Fleming">Victor Fleming</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Reed" title="Carol Reed">Carol Reed</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020/21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film_recipients" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Film recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film_recipients" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Film recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Film recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">BAFTA Award for Best Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="1940s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1940s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">Bicycle Thieves</a></i> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="1950s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1950s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_About_Eve" title="All About Eve">All About Eve</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Ronde_(1950_film)" title="La Ronde (1950 film)">La Ronde</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Barrier" title="The Sound Barrier">The Sound Barrier</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wages_of_Fear" title="The Wages of Fear">The Wages of Fear</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gervaise_(film)" title="Gervaise (film)">Gervaise</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Room_at_the_Top_(1959_film)" title="Room at the Top (1959 film)">Room at the Top</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a></i> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="1960s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1960s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apartment" title="The Apartment">The Apartment</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ballad_of_a_Soldier" title="Ballad of a Soldier">Ballad of a Soldier</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Chukhrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigori Chukhrai">Grigori Chukhrai</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hustler" title="The Hustler">The Hustler</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)" title="My Fair Lady (film)">My Fair Lady</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F_(film)" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a></i> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Graduate" title="The Graduate">The Graduate</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Cowboy" title="Midnight Cowboy">Midnight Cowboy</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="1970s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy_and_the_Sundance_Kid" title="Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid">Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Bloody_Sunday_(film)" title="Sunday Bloody Sunday (film)">Sunday Bloody Sunday</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(1972_film)" title="Cabaret (1972 film)">Cabaret</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_for_Night_(film)" title="Day for Night (film)">Day for Night</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lacombe,_Lucien" title="Lacombe, Lucien">Lacombe, Lucien</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Doesn%27t_Live_Here_Anymore" title="Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore">Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Joffe" title="Charles H. Joffe">Charles H. Joffe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rollins_(producer)" title="Jack Rollins (producer)">Jack Rollins</a> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a></i> – Richard Roth (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(1979_film)" title="Manhattan (1979 film)">Manhattan</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="1980s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elephant_Man_(film)" title="The Elephant Man (film)">The Elephant Man</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Educating_Rita_(film)" title="Educating Rita (film)">Educating Rita</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gilbert" title="Lewis Gilbert">Lewis Gilbert</a> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Fields_(film)" title="The Killing Fields (film)">The Killing Fields</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Rose_of_Cairo" title="The Purple Rose of Cairo">The Purple Rose of Cairo</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greenhut" title="Robert Greenhut">Robert Greenhut</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Room_with_a_View_(1985_film)" title="A Room with a View (1985 film)">A Room with a View</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Merchant" title="Ismail Merchant">Ismail Merchant</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Florette" title="Jean de Florette">Jean de Florette</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Berri" title="Claude Berri">Claude Berri</a> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thomas" title="Jeremy Thomas">Jeremy Thomas</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Poets_Society" title="Dead Poets Society">Dead Poets Society</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Haft" title="Steven Haft">Steven Haft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Junger_Witt" title="Paul Junger Witt">Paul Junger Witt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Thomas_(producer)" title="Tony Thomas (producer)">Tony Thomas</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Chartoff" title="Robert Chartoff">Robert Chartoff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Winkler" title="Irwin Winkler">Irwin Winkler</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Commitments_(film)" title="The Commitments (film)">The Commitments</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Myles_(British_producer)" title="Lynda Myles (British producer)">Lynda Myles</a>, and Roger Randall-Cutler (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Howards_End_(film)" title="Howards End (film)">Howards End</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Merchant" title="Ismail Merchant">Ismail Merchant</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branko_Lustig" title="Branko Lustig">Branko Lustig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Molen" title="Gerald R. Molen">Gerald R. Molen</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Weddings_and_a_Funeral" title="Four Weddings and a Funeral">Four Weddings and a Funeral</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Newell_(director)" title="Mike Newell (director)">Mike Newell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Kenworthy" title="Duncan Kenworthy">Duncan Kenworthy</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Doran" title="Lindsay Doran">Lindsay Doran</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(film)" title="The English Patient (film)">The English Patient</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Full_Monty" title="The Full Monty">The Full Monty</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cattaneo" title="Peter Cattaneo">Peter Cattaneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uberto_Pasolini" title="Uberto Pasolini">Uberto Pasolini</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_Love" title="Shakespeare in Love">Shakespeare in Love</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Donna_Gigliotti" title="Donna Gigliotti">Donna Gigliotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Parfitt" title="David Parfitt">David Parfitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Zwick" title="Edward Zwick">Edward Zwick</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_(1999_film)" title="American Beauty (1999 film)">American Beauty</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cohen" title="Bruce Cohen">Bruce Cohen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Jinks" title="Dan Jinks">Dan Jinks</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/David_Franzoni" title="David Franzoni">David Franzoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branko_Lustig" title="Branko Lustig">Branko Lustig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wick" title="Douglas Wick">Douglas Wick</a> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrie_M._Osborne" title="Barrie M. Osborne">Barrie M. Osborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Sanders_(filmmaker)" title="Tim Sanders (filmmaker)">Tim Sanders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)" title="The Pianist (2002 film)">The Pianist</a></i> – Robert Benmussa, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alain_Sarde" title="Alain Sarde">Alain Sarde</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrie_M._Osborne" title="Barrie M. Osborne">Barrie M. Osborne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aviator_(2004_film)" title="The Aviator (2004 film)">The Aviator</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Climan" title="Sandy Climan">Sandy Climan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Jr." title="Charles Evans Jr.">Charles Evans Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_King" title="Graham King">Graham King</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ossana" title="Diana Ossana">Diana Ossana</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Schamus" title="James Schamus">James Schamus</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)">The Queen</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Andy_Harries" title="Andy Harries">Andy Harries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Langan" title="Christine Langan">Christine Langan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Seaward" title="Tracey Seaward">Tracey Seaward</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atonement_(2007_film)" title="Atonement (2007 film)">Atonement</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Bevan" title="Tim Bevan">Tim Bevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Fellner" title="Eric Fellner">Eric Fellner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Webster_(producer)" title="Paul Webster (producer)">Paul Webster</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Colson" title="Christian Colson">Christian Colson</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hurt_Locker" title="The Hurt Locker">The Hurt Locker</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chartier" title="Nicolas Chartier">Nicolas Chartier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greg_Shapiro_(producer)" title="Greg Shapiro (producer)">Greg Shapiro</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Iain_Canning" title="Iain Canning">Iain Canning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emile_Sherman" title="Emile Sherman">Emile Sherman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Unwin" title="Gareth Unwin">Gareth Unwin</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langmann" title="Thomas Langmann">Thomas Langmann</a> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grant_Heslov" title="Grant Heslov">Grant Heslov</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)" title="12 Years a Slave (film)">12 Years a Slave</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Dede_Gardner" title="Dede Gardner">Dede Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Katagas" title="Anthony Katagas">Anthony Katagas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kleiner" title="Jeremy Kleiner">Jeremy Kleiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(2014_film)" title="Boyhood (2014 film)">Boyhood</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Sutherland" title="Cathleen Sutherland">Cathleen Sutherland</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revenant_(2015_film)" title="The Revenant (2015 film)">The Revenant</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Steve_Golin" title="Steve Golin">Steve Golin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Milchan" title="Arnon Milchan">Arnon Milchan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Parent" title="Mary Parent">Mary Parent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Redmon" title="Keith Redmon">Keith Redmon</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_La_Land" title="La La Land">La La Land</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_Berger_(producer)" title="Fred Berger (producer)">Fred Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Horowitz" title="Jordan Horowitz">Jordan Horowitz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Platt_(producer)" title="Marc Platt (producer)">Marc Platt</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Billboards_Outside_Ebbing,_Missouri" title="Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri">Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Graham_Broadbent" title="Graham Broadbent">Graham Broadbent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Czernin" title="Peter Czernin">Peter Czernin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Celis_(film_producer)" title="Nicolás Celis (film producer)">Nicolás Celis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(producer)" title="Gabriela Rodríguez (producer)">Gabriela Rodríguez</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Pippa_Harris" title="Pippa Harris">Pippa Harris</a>, Callum McDougall, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a>, and Jayne-Ann Tenggren (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B;background: #F0E68C;"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomadland" title="Nomadland">Nomadland</a></i> – Mollye Asher, Dan Janvey, <a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Spears" title="Peter Spears">Peter Spears</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Dog_(film)" title="The Power of the Dog (film)">The Power of the Dog</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iain_Canning" title="Iain Canning">Iain Canning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Frappier" title="Roger Frappier">Roger Frappier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Seghatchian" title="Tanya Seghatchian">Tanya Seghatchian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emile_Sherman" title="Emile Sherman">Emile Sherman</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(2022_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Malte_Grunert" title="Malte Grunert">Malte Grunert</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Roven" title="Charles Roven">Charles Roven</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thomas" title="Emma Thomas">Emma Thomas</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template talk:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Fellowship" title="BAFTA Fellowship">BAFTA Fellowship Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1971–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Young" title="Freddie Young">Freddie Young</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Wyndham_Goldie" title="Grace Wyndham Goldie">Grace Wyndham Goldie</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Huw_Wheldon" title="Huw Wheldon">Huw Wheldon</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Greene" title="Hugh Greene">Hugh Greene</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fox_(television_executive)" title="Paul Fox (television executive)">Paul Fox</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Plowright" title="David Plowright">David Plowright</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Young_(film_educator)" title="Colin Young (film educator)">Colin Young</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade">Michael Grade</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Neame" title="Ronald Neame">Ronald Neame</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bochco" title="Steven Bochco">Steven Bochco</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Morris" title="Oswald Morris">Oswald Morris</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(songwriter)" title="David Rose (songwriter)">David Rose</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cotton" title="Bill Cotton">Bill Cotton</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Morecambe" title="Eric Morecambe">Eric Morecambe</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Wise" title="Ernie Wise">Ernie Wise</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bazalgette" title="Peter Bazalgette">Peter Bazalgette</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Thaw" title="John Thaw">John Thaw</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Ivory_Productions" title="Merchant Ivory Productions">Merchant Ivory Productions</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(writer)" title="Andrew Davies (writer)">Andrew Davies</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Jason" title="David Jason">David Jason</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Graef" title="Roger Graef">Roger Graef</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Wright_(game_designer)" title="Will Wright (game designer)">Will Wright</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Forsyth" title="Bruce Forsyth">Bruce Forsyth</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dawn_French" title="Dawn French">Dawn French</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders" title="Jennifer Saunders">Jennifer Saunders</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Molyneux" title="Peter Molyneux">Peter Molyneux</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_McDonald" title="Trevor McDonald">Trevor McDonald</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><s><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a></s> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Newell" title="Gabe Newell">Gabe Newell</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Braben" title="David Braben">David Braben</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Snow_(journalist)" title="Jon Snow (journalist)">Jon Snow</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Galton" title="Ray Galton">Ray Galton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(scriptwriter)" title="Alan Simpson (scriptwriter)">Alan Simpson</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Schafer" title="Tim Schafer">Tim Schafer</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Adie" title="Kate Adie">Kate Adie</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bakewell" title="Joan Bakewell">Joan Bakewell</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Reddy" title="Siobhan Reddy">Siobhan Reddy</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)" title="Sandy Powell (costume designer)">Sandy Powell</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shuhei_Yoshida" title="Shuhei Yoshida">Shuhei Yoshida</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meera_Syal" title="Meera Syal">Meera Syal</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Morton" title="Samantha Morton">Samantha Morton</a> (2024)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Floella_Benjamin" title="Floella Benjamin">Floella Benjamin</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BFI_Fellowship_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Template:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Template talk:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Film Institute Fellowship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BFI_Fellowship_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute_Fellowship" title="British Film Institute Fellowship">BFI Fellowship recipients</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bernstein,_Baron_Bernstein" title="Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein">Sidney Bernstein</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne" title="John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne">John Brabourne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dilys_Powell" title="Dilys Powell">Dilys Powell</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elem_Klimov" title="Elem Klimov">Elem Klimov</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Smith_(producer)" title="Anthony Smith (producer)">Anthony Smith</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Francis_(film_archivist)" title="David Francis (film archivist)">David Francis</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jarman" title="Derek Jarman">Derek Jarman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hardcastle" title="Leslie Hardcastle">Leslie Hardcastle</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Roeg" title="Nicolas Roeg">Nicolas Roeg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynda_La_Plante" title="Lynda La Plante">Lynda La Plante</a> / <a href="/wiki/Verity_Lambert" title="Verity Lambert">Verity Lambert</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Yentob" title="Alan Yentob">Alan Yentob</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Thomas" title="Jeremy Thomas">Jeremy Thomas</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gilbert" title="Lewis Gilbert">Lewis Gilbert</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Weinstein" title="Bob Weinstein">Bob Weinstein</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami" title="Abbas Kiarostami">Abbas Kiarostami</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Semb%C3%A8ne" title="Ousmane Sembène">Ousmane Sembène</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Davies" title="Terence Davies">Terence Davies</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Souleymane_Ciss%C3%A9_(film_director)" title="Souleymane Cissé (film director)">Souleymane Cissé</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(producer)" title="David Rose (producer)">David Rose</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Forbes" title="Bryan Forbes">Bryan Forbes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_French" title="Philip French">Philip French</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frears" title="Stephen Frears">Stephen Frears</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengrass" title="Paul Greengrass">Paul Greengrass</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Nevill" title="Amanda Nevill">Amanda Nevill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Broccoli" title="Barbara Broccoli">Barbara Broccoli</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_–_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Template:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Template talk:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_–_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1948–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1952)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Harvey" title="Anthony Harvey">Anthony Harvey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Marshall" title="Rob Marshall">Rob Marshall</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_Guild_of_America_Lifetime_Achievement_Award_–_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm" title="Template:DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm" title="Template talk:DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_Guild_of_America_Lifetime_Achievement_Award_–_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Lifetime_Achievement_Award_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award – Feature Film">Directors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award – Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1967)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_A._Wellman" title="William A. Wellman">William A. Wellman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Golden Globe Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Benedek" title="László Benedek">László Benedek</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Logan" title="Joshua Logan">Joshua Logan</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jarrott" title="Charles Jarrott">Charles Jarrott</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hiller" title="Arthur Hiller">Arthur Hiller</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schnabel" title="Julian Schnabel">Julian Schnabel</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Director">National Board of Review Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1945–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renato_Castellani" title="Renato Castellani">Renato Castellani</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Clayton" title="Jack Clayton">Jack Clayton</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Davis" title="Desmond Davis">Desmond Davis</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks" title="Richard Brooks">Richard Brooks</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur" title="Shekhar Kapur">Shekhar Kapur</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Field" title="Todd Field">Todd Field</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Noyce" title="Phillip Noyce">Phillip Noyce</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Zwick" title="Edward Zwick">Edward Zwick</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Cooper" title="Bradley Cooper">Bradley Cooper</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director">New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1935–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_La_Cava" title="Gregory La Cava">Gregory La Cava</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Farrow" title="John Farrow">John Farrow</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Reed" title="Carol Reed">Carol Reed</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rafelson" title="Bob Rafelson">Bob Rafelson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Menges" title="Chris Menges">Chris Menges</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Baker_(filmmaker)" title="Sean Baker (filmmaker)">Sean Baker</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Safdie_brothers" title="Safdie brothers">Joshua Safdie and Benjamin Safdie</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S._S._Rajamouli" title="S. S. Rajamouli">S. S. Rajamouli</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55420#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55420#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55420#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108694236">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/10038177">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/244596/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgmRxGMbrJk3YhrQtJMT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117005398">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88244899">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13940548b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13940548b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00477740">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35952029">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0119936&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1296125">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071186921">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90910810">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zinnemann, Fred, 1907-1997"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000338534&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201105014">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810602693705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007306687605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07923311?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500661336">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/385532">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/280836">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1160264">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117005398.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117005398">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059749741">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6c550nc">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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