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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Film career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Film_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Film career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Film_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Move_to_Hollywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Hollywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Move to Hollywood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Hollywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Producer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films_with_Columbia_Pictures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_with_Columbia_Pictures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Films with Columbia Pictures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_with_Columbia_Pictures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Director" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Director"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Director</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Director-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Pride_and_the_Passion_(1957)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Pride_and_the_Passion_(1957)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span><i>The Pride and the Passion</i> (1957)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Pride_and_the_Passion_(1957)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Defiant_Ones_(1958)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Defiant_Ones_(1958)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span><i>The Defiant Ones</i> (1958)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Defiant_Ones_(1958)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_Beach_(1959)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_Beach_(1959)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span><i>On the Beach</i> (1959)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_Beach_(1959)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inherit_the_Wind_(1960)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inherit_the_Wind_(1960)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span><i>Inherit the Wind</i> (1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inherit_the_Wind_(1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judgment_at_Nuremberg_(1961)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judgment_at_Nuremberg_(1961)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span><i>Judgment at Nuremberg</i> (1961)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judgment_at_Nuremberg_(1961)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-It's_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World_(1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#It's_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World_(1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span><i>It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</i> (1963)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-It's_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World_(1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ship_of_Fools_(1965)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ship_of_Fools_(1965)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span><i>Ship of Fools</i> (1965)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ship_of_Fools_(1965)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guess_Who's_Coming_to_Dinner_(1967)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guess_Who's_Coming_to_Dinner_(1967)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.8</span> <span><i>Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</i> (1967)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guess_Who's_Coming_to_Dinner_(1967)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Retirement and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Stanley_Kramer_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Stanley_Kramer_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The Stanley Kramer Award</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Stanley_Kramer_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_producer_and_director" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_producer_and_director"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>As producer and director</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_producer_and_director-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_producer_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_producer_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>As producer only</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_producer_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academy_Award_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_Award_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Academy Award nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_Award_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanley Kramer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="ستانلي كرامر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستانلي كرامر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стэнлі Крамер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стэнлі Крамер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Стенли Крамър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стенли Крамър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8A_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Στάνλεϊ Κρέιμερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στάνλεϊ Κρέιμερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="استنلی کریمر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استنلی کریمر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%EB%A6%AC_%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%A8%B8" title="스탠리 크레이머 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스탠리 크레이머" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սթենլի Կրամեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթենլի Կրամեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="סטנלי קריימר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטנלי קריימר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სტენლი კრამერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტენლი კრამერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стэнли Крамер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Стэнли Крамер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenlijs_Kreimers" title="Stenlijs Kreimers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stenlijs Kreimers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="ستانلى كرامر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستانلى كرامر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="スタンリー・クレイマー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スタンリー・クレイマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Крамер, Стэнли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крамер, Стэнли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stanley Kramer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Стенлі Крамер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стенлі Крамер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E9%BB%98" title="斯坦利·克雷默 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯坦利·克雷默" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">American film director and producer (1913–2001)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Stanley Kramer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Kramer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stanley_Kramer.JPG/250px-Stanley_Kramer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stanley_Kramer.JPG/330px-Stanley_Kramer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stanley_Kramer.JPG/500px-Stanley_Kramer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="589" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kramer in 1955</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-09-29</span>)</span>September 29, 1913<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 19, 2001<span style="display:none">(2001-02-19)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Director</li><li>producer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1933–1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Erskine" title="Marilyn Erskine">Marilyn Erskine</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1945; <abbr title="annulled">ann.</abbr> 1945)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Anne Pearce Kramer</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1950; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1963)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Sharpe" title="Karen Sharpe">Karen Sharpe</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1966)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perce_Pearce" title="Perce Pearce">Perce Pearce</a> (former-father-in-law)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stanley Earl Kramer</b> (September 29, 1913 – February 19, 2001) was an American film director and producer, responsible for making many of Hollywood's most famous "<a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">message films</a>" (he called his movies <i>heavy dramas</i>) and a liberal movie icon.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an independent producer and director, he brought attention to topical social issues that most studios avoided. Among the subjects covered in his films were racism (in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a></i>), nuclear war (in <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(1959_film)" title="On the Beach (1959 film)">On the Beach</a></i>), greed (in <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> (in <i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i>), and the causes and effects of fascism (in <i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i>). His other films included <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952, as producer), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny_(1954_film)" title="The Caine Mutiny (1954 film)">The Caine Mutiny</a></i> (1954, as producer), and <i><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_Fools_(film)" title="Ship of Fools (film)">Ship of Fools</a></i> (1965). </p><p>Director <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> described him as an "incredibly talented visionary" and "one of four great filmmakers, not just for the art and passion he put on screen, but for the impact he has made on the conscience of the world." Kramer was recognized for his fierce independence as a producer-director, with author <a href="/wiki/Victor_Navasky" title="Victor Navasky">Victor Navasky</a> writing that "among the independents...none seemed more vocal, more liberal, more pugnacious than young Stanley Kramer." His friend <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a>, during his acceptance speech at the 2015 <a href="/wiki/71st_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="71st Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globes</a>, honored Kramer's work, calling him "one of the great filmmakers of all time."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite uneven critical reception, both then and now, Kramer's body of work has received many awards, including 16 Academy Awards and 80 nominations, and he was nominated nine times as either producer or director.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, he received the <a href="/wiki/Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award" title="Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award">Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award</a>. In 1963, he was a member of the jury at the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="3rd Moscow International Film Festival">3rd Moscow International Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moscow1963_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow1963-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, he was awarded the first <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> Vanguard Award in recognition of "the strong social themes that ran through his body of work". In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_of_America#Stanley_Kramer_Award" title="Producers Guild of America">Stanley Kramer Award</a> was created, to be awarded to recipients whose work "dramatically illustrates provocative social issues".<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kramer was born in New York City. His parents were Jewish, and having separated when he was very young, he remembered little about his father.<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kramer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup> His mother worked at a New York office of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, during which time his grandparents took care of him at home.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> His uncle, Earl Kramer, worked in distribution at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>. </p><p>Kramer attended <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_High_School" title="DeWitt Clinton High School">DeWitt Clinton High School</a> in the Bronx, where he graduated at age fifteen. He then enrolled in New York University, where he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pi_Lambda_Phi" title="Pi Lambda Phi">Pi Lambda Phi</a> fraternity<sup id="cite_ref-2010directory_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010directory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wrote a weekly column for the <i>Medley</i> magazine. He graduated in 1933 at the age of nineteen with a degree in business administration. After developing a "zest for writing" with a newspaper, biographer <a href="/wiki/Donald_Spoto" title="Donald Spoto">Donald Spoto</a> wrote, Kramer was offered a paid internship in the writing department of <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> and moved to Hollywood.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> Until receiving that writing job, he had planned to enroll in law school.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_career">Film career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Film career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Hollywood">Move to Hollywood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Move to Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the following years, during the period of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, Kramer took odd jobs in the film industry: He worked as a set furniture mover and film cutter at <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a>, as writer and researcher for <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a>, and associate producer with <a href="/wiki/David_L._Loew" title="David L. Loew">Loew</a>-<a href="/wiki/Albert_Lewin" title="Albert Lewin">Lewin</a> productions. Those years as an apprentice writer and editor helped him acquire an "exceptional aptitude" in editing and develop the ability to understand the overall structure of the films he worked on. They enabled him to later compose and edit "in camera," as he shot scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was drafted into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> in 1943 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, where he helped make training films with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Signal_Corps" title="United States Army Signal Corps">Signal Corps</a> in New York, along with other Hollywood filmmakers including <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Litvak" title="Anatole Litvak">Anatole Litvak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the army with the rank of <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, Kramer soon discovered that there were no available jobs in Hollywood in 1947, so he created an independent production company, Screen Plays Inc. He partnered with writer Herbie Baker, publicist <a href="/wiki/George_Glass" title="George Glass">George Glass</a> and producer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a>, an army friend from the film unit. Foreman justified the production company by noting that the big studios had become "dinosaurs," which, being shocked by the onrush of television, "jettisoned virtually everything to survive." But they failed to develop cadres of younger creative talent in their wake.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Producer">Producer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Producer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kramer's new company was able to take advantage of unused production facilities by renting time, allowing him to create independent films for a fraction of the cost the larger studios had required, and he did so without studio control. Kramer also saw this as an opportunity to produce films dealing with subjects the studios previously avoided, especially those about controversial topics. </p><p>However, Kramer soon learned that financing such independent films was a major obstacle, as he was forced to approach banks or else take on private investors. He did both when necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But with studios no longer involved, rival independent companies were created which all competed for those limited funds. According to Byman, "there were no fewer than ninety-six" other companies in competition during that period, and included some of Hollywood's biggest names: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kramer explained how he tried to differentiate his new company from the others, explaining he was less interested in the money than having the ability to make a statement through his films: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Instead of relying on star names, we pinned our faith in stories that had something to say. If it happened to be something that other movies hadn't said before, so much the better. The only basis of choice was personal taste.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The first movie produced under his production company was the comedy <i><a href="/wiki/So_This_Is_New_York" title="So This Is New York">So This Is New York</a></i> (1948), directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleischer" title="Richard Fleischer">Richard Fleischer</a>, and based on <a href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner" title="Ring Lardner">Ring Lardner</a>'s <i>The Big Town.</i> It failed at the box office. It was followed with <i><a href="/wiki/Champion_(1949_film)" title="Champion (1949 film)">Champion</a></i> (1949), another Lardner story, this one about an ambitious and unscrupulous boxer. Written by Foreman, it was tailored to the talents of <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a>, a former amateur wrestler who was now an actor. Filmed in only 23 days with a relatively small budget, it became an immense box-office success. It won an Academy Award for Best Editing, with four other nominations, including Douglas for best actor and Foreman as screenwriter. </p><p>Kramer next produced <i><a href="/wiki/Home_of_the_Brave_(1949_film)" title="Home of the Brave (1949 film)">Home of the Brave</a></i> (also 1949), again directed by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Robson_(film_director)" title="Mark Robson (film director)">Mark Robson</a>, which became an even bigger success than <i>Champion</i>. The story was adapted from a play by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a>, originally about anti-Semitism in the army, but revised and made into a film about the persecution of a black soldier. Byman notes that it was the "first sound film about antiblack racism."<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subject matter was so sensitive at the time, that Kramer shot the film in "total secrecy" to avoid protests by various organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics generally liked the film, which, notes <a href="/wiki/Nora_Sayre" title="Nora Sayre">Nora Sayre</a>, "had a flavoring of courage."<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His renamed Stanley Kramer Company produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_(1950_film)" title="The Men (1950 film)">The Men</a></i> (1950), which featured <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>'s screen debut, in a drama about paraplegic war veterans. It was the first time Kramer and Foreman worked with director <a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a>, who had been directing for twenty years and had won an Oscar. The film was another success for Kramer, who took on a unique subject dealing with a world few knew about. Critic <a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Bosley Crowther</a> noted that its "striking and authentic documentary quality has been imported to the whole film in every detail, attitude and word."<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zinnemann said he was impressed with Kramer's company and the efficiency of their productions: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They struck me as being enormously efficient. Kramer was very inventive in finding quite unlikely sources of finance...This method of outside financing...was truly original and far ahead of its time...There were no luxurious offices, no major-studio bureaucracy, no small internal empires to be dealt with, no waste of time or effort...I was enthusiastic about this independent setup and the energy it created.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Also released in 1950 was Kramer's production of <i><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(1950_film)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (1950 film)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a></i>, the first English language film version of <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Rostand" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a>'s 1897 French play. It made a star of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a>, who won his only Oscar for Best Actor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Films_with_Columbia_Pictures">Films with Columbia Pictures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Films with Columbia Pictures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> president <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cohn" title="Harry Cohn">Harry Cohn</a> offered Kramer's company an opportunity to form a production unit working with his studio.<sup id="cite_ref-Katz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kramer was given free rein over what films he chose to make, along with a budget of nearly a million dollars each. Kramer agreed to a five-year contract during which time he would produce 20 films.<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kramer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 116">: 116 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kramer later stated that the agreement was "one of the most dangerous and foolhardy moves of my entire career."<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He agreed to the commitment because of his "deep-seated desire to direct," he states, along with the security of ready studio financing.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His last independent production was <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952), a Western drama directed by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a>. The movie was well received, winning four Oscars, as well as three other nominations. Unfortunately, <i>High Noon</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s production and release intersected with <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a>. Writer, producer and partner <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> was called before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> while he was writing the film. Foreman had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a> ten years earlier, but declined to "name names" and was branded an "un-cooperative witness" by HUAC, and then <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">blacklisted</a> by the Hollywood companies, after which he sold his interest in the company.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kramer, a long time friend and business partner of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> removed Foreman's name from the credits as co-producer.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kramer continued producing movies at Columbia, including <i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman_(1951_film)" title="Death of a Salesman (1951 film)">Death of a Salesman</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sniper_(1952_film)" title="The Sniper (1952 film)">The Sniper</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Member_of_the_Wedding_(film)" title="The Member of the Wedding (film)">The Member of the Wedding</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Juggler_(film)" title="The Juggler (film)">The Juggler</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_One" title="The Wild One">The Wild One</a></i> (1953) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_5,000_Fingers_of_Dr._T" class="mw-redirect" title="The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T">The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T</a></i> (1953). With a larger budget, his films took on a "glossier" more polished look, yet his next 10 films all lost money, although some were nonetheless highly praised. </p><p>In 1953, Cohn and Kramer agreed to terminate the five-year, 20-film contract Kramer had signed. However, his last Columbia film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny_(1954_film)" title="The Caine Mutiny (1954 film)">The Caine Mutiny</a></i> (1954), regained all of the losses Columbia had incurred as a result of his earlier projects. <i>The Caine Mutiny</i> was an adaptation of the book written by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a> and was directed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dmytryk" title="Edward Dmytryk">Edward Dmytryk</a>. </p><p>Kramer observed that during the 1940s and 1950s, "cinema was the producer's medium:" </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was the day of Selznick and Thalberg and Goldwyn. They were the powers incarnate because the producer was boss.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 583">: 583 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director">Director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krameraward.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Krameraward.jpg/190px-Krameraward.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Krameraward.jpg/285px-Krameraward.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Krameraward.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Stanley Kramer receives an award at the <a href="/wiki/10th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="10th Berlin International Film Festival">1960 Berlin Film Festival</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After <i>The Caine Mutiny</i>, Kramer left Columbia and resumed his independent productions, this time in the role of the director. Over the next two decades, Kramer reestablished his reputation within the film industry by directing a continual series of often successful films dealing with social and controversial issues, such as racism, nuclear war, greed and the causes and effects of fascism. Critic Charles Champlin later described Kramer as "a guy who fought some hard battles. He took on social issues when it was not popular to do so in Hollywood."<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among some of those controversial films were <i><a href="/wiki/Not_as_a_Stranger" title="Not as a Stranger">Not as a Stranger</a></i> (1955), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_and_the_Passion" title="The Pride and the Passion">The Pride and the Passion</a></i> (1957), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a></i> (1958), <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(1959_film)" title="On the Beach (1959 film)">On the Beach</a></i> (1959), <i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i> (1960), <i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i> (1961), and <i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a></i> (1967). In addition to dramas, he directed <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> (1963). </p><p>His first film as director was <i><a href="/wiki/Not_as_a_Stranger" title="Not as a Stranger">Not as a Stranger</a></i> (1955), the story of medical students and their career, some of whom lose their idealism and succumb to blind ambition, adultery, and immoral behavior. The film was a "smash hit," but reviews were mixed. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a> claimed it "lacked rhythm and development."<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Pride_and_the_Passion_(1957)"><span id="The_Pride_and_the_Passion_.281957.29"></span><i>The Pride and the Passion</i> (1957)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Pride and the Passion (1957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_and_the_Passion" title="The Pride and the Passion">The Pride and the Passion</a></i> (1957) is an adaptation from <i>The Gun</i>, a novel by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Forester" title="C. S. Forester">C. S. Forester</a>. It portrays in detail how a dedicated group of Spanish guerrillas dragged a gigantic cannon across half the country in an effort to defeat <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s advancing army. It stars <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Defiant_Ones_(1958)"><span id="The_Defiant_Ones_.281958.29"></span><i>The Defiant Ones</i> (1958)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Defiant Ones (1958)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following year, Kramer directed <i><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a></i> (1958), the story of two escaped convicts in the Deep South, one black, played by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, and one white, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Curtis" title="Tony Curtis">Tony Curtis</a>. To add to the intensity of the drama, both men are shackled together with chains, forcing them, despite their wishes, into a sense of brotherhood, suffering and fear. </p><p><i>New York Times</i> film critic Bosley Crowther lauded the production and the acting in the film, calling it "a remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood — is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was nominated for eight <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, winning two. </p><p>Five years after the film was released, producer <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> helped organize a showing of this, along with other Kramer films, at the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Film Festival">Moscow Film Festival</a>, which Kramer and co-star <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> attended. Stevens writes that the showings of his films, especially <i>The Defiant Ones</i>, were a "great success in Moscow." He remembers that "filmmakers applauded his films, often chanting <i>Kraaaamer, Kraaaaamer, Kraaaaamer</i>," at their conclusion. Kramer spoke to the audience after each film, "making a fine impression for his country."<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevens credits <i>The Defiant Ones</i> for having the most impact, however: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The screening was one of the most emotional I have experienced. After the film, the crowd stood—many with tears in their eyes—and gave Poitier and Kramer an ovation that subsided only when we had left the auditorium. Stanley's visit to Moscow marked the high point in the cultural exchange between the two countries during those long years of estrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_the_Beach_(1959)"><span id="On_the_Beach_.281959.29"></span><i>On the Beach</i> (1959)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: On the Beach (1959)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(1959_film)" title="On the Beach (1959 film)">On the Beach</a></i> (1959), Kramer tried to tackle the sensitive subject of nuclear war. The film takes place after World War III has annihilated most of the Northern hemisphere, with radioactive dust on a trajectory towards Australia. Kramer gave the film an "effective and eerie" documentary look at depopulated cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It starred <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a>. </p><p>Reviews were mostly positive, not just from critics but from scientists. <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a>, winner of two Nobel Prizes (Chemistry and Peace), commented: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It may be that some years from now we can look back and say that <i>On the Beach</i> is the movie that saved the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Critics <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Knight_(film_critic)" title="Arthur Knight (film critic)">Arthur Knight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hollis_Alpert" title="Hollis Alpert">Hollis Alpert</a> likewise praised the film and admired Kramer for showing "courage in attempting such a theme."<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inherit_the_Wind_(1960)"><span id="Inherit_the_Wind_.281960.29"></span><i>Inherit the Wind</i> (1960)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Inherit the Wind (1960)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i> (1960) became Kramer's next challenging film, this one taking on the highly charged subjects of <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>, and how they are taught in school. The film, an adaptation of the play of the same name, written by <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Lawrence" title="Jerome Lawrence">Jerome Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwin_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Edwin Lee">Robert Edwin Lee</a>, was a fictionalized account of the 1925 <a href="/wiki/Scopes_Trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Scopes Trial">Scopes Trial</a>, which concerned a violation of Tennessee's Butler Act. This law had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school in Tennessee. It starred <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>, portraying the real <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Darrow" title="Clarence Darrow">Clarence Darrow</a>, defending the teacher, and <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> as his rival attorney, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>, who insisted that creationism was the only valid subject that should be taught to children. It was nominated for four Academy Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Tracy, who was nominated as Best Actor, the film became the first of four films he did for Kramer. "Everybody tells me how good I am," he said, "but only Stanley gives me work."<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film received "extravagant reviews," yet failed at the box office due to its poor distribution and advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 220">: 220 </span></sup> In addition, fundamentalist groups labeled the film "anti-God" and called Kramer "anti-Christ."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 220">: 220 </span></sup> Kramer, however, explains that these groups failed to understand the real theme of the film and the actual court trial it portrayed: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The spirit of the trial lives on, because the real issues of that trial were man's right to think and man's right to teach...the real theme of <i>Inherit the Wind.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 223">: 223 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Kramer also notes that the film was the third part of a "trilogy of what have been called by some 'controversial pictures,'" of which the first two were <i>The Defiant Ones</i> and <i>On the Beach</i>. "I have attempted, and I hope succeeded in, making pictures that command attention," said Kramer.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 223">: 223 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judgment_at_Nuremberg_(1961)"><span id="Judgment_at_Nuremberg_.281961.29"></span><i>Judgment at Nuremberg</i> (1961)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like his previous film, <i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i> (1961) was a fictionalized account of a real trial, this one about the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a> held after the defeat of the Nazis in World War II. It also starred Spencer Tracy as the leading judge, along with numerous other stars. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a> played the American military prosecutor, and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> played the defense attorney. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won two: Schell as Best Actor and <a href="/wiki/Abby_Mann" title="Abby Mann">Abby Mann</a> for Best Screenplay.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviews were extremely positive. Critic <a href="/wiki/Hollis_Alpert" title="Hollis Alpert">Hollis Alpert</a> wrote in his review: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Stanley Kramer has once again used film importantly and continues to emerge as the only truly responsible moviemaker in Hollywood.<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Knight_(film_critic)" title="Arthur Knight (film critic)">Arthur Knight</a> credited Kramer for the film's significance: "From first to last, the director is in command of his material. ...he has not only added hugely to his stature as a producer-director, but to the stature of the American film as well."<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, despite mostly rave reviews in the U.S. and many countries in Europe, biographer Spoto notes that during its various premieres overseas, "it shocked many, angered some, disgusted others. But it bored no one."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 225">: 225 </span></sup> Kramer described its world premiere, in Berlin, as "the most frightening evening in my life."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 229">: 229 </span></sup> It was attended by hundreds of dignitaries from throughout Germany. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[Mayor] <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> stood up and warned the audience that they might not find the film pleasant, but that if Berlin was ever to regard itself as a capital city, then this film should be shown there because it was about all of them. "We may like or dislike or disagree with many things," he said, "but here it is." <br /><br /> Well, the film went on, and when it was over there was a deafening silence...The film was totally rejected: it never did three cents' business in Germany. It played so many empty houses it just stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 229">: 229 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>, who had a supporting role, recalls that prior to filming, Kramer and screenwriter Abby Mann required that everyone involved in the production, actors and crew alike, watch some films taken by American soldiers at the liberation of the concentration camps. "They wanted us to understand what this film was about": </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These films had not yet been released to the public; very few people had seen them. We didn't know what to expect...We watched scenes of bulldozers shoving piles of bodies into mass graves. We saw survivors, their eyes bulging, their bones practically protruding from their bodies. We saw the crematoriums and the piles of shoes. People gasped in shock, others started crying. Certainly it was the most horrifying thing I had ever seen in my life...But from that night on we understood the importance of the film we were making.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="It's_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World_(1963)"><span id="It.27s_a_Mad.2C_Mad.2C_Mad.2C_Mad_World_.281963.29"></span><i>It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</i> (1963)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the seriousness of his previous films, Kramer "felt compelled to answer" for the "lack of lightness" in his earlier films, writes Spoto. As a result, he directed <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> (1963), a film with a "gifted, wacky crew of comedians."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 257">: 257 </span></sup> Kramer describes it as a "comedy about greed."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 257">: 257 </span></sup> According to one writer, he directed it "to prove he could also handle comedy" and hired many of the leading comedic actors of the previous decades, from silent star <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> to emerging talent <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Winters" title="Jonathan Winters">Jonathan Winters</a>. Winters later wrote that "Kramer was a man who took chances—as they say, he worked without a net."<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kramer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It played to mixed reviews with some criticizing its excessive comedy with too many comedians, thereby losing its focus. Nonetheless, it was Kramer's biggest box office hit, and the public enjoyed its "socially disruptive and goofy" story and acting.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film critic <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Macdonald" title="Dwight Macdonald">Dwight Macdonald</a> writes that its "small army of actors—105 speaking roles—inflict mayhem on each other with cars, planes, explosives and other devices...is simply too much for the human eye and ear to respond to, let alone the funny bone," calling it "hard-core slapstick."<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was nominated for six Academy Awards, winning for Best Sound Editing.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ship_of_Fools_(1965)"><span id="Ship_of_Fools_.281965.29"></span><i>Ship of Fools</i> (1965)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ship of Fools (1965)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_Fools_(film)" title="Ship of Fools (film)">Ship of Fools</a></i> (1965) has been described as a "floating <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(1932_film)" title="Grand Hotel (1932 film)"><i>Grand Hotel</i></a>," an earlier film which also had an all-star cast. Its multi-strand narrative deals with the failing personal relationships among the passengers on board a passenger liner returning to Germany in 1933, during the rise of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>. Spoto describes its theme as one of "conscious social and psychological significance."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 266">: 266 </span></sup> It won two Academy Awards and was nominated for six others.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some writers describe the film as a "microcosm" displaying a "weakness of the world that permitted the rise of Hitler."<sup id="cite_ref-Wakeman_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kramer does not disagree, and wrote, "Even though we never mention him [Hitler] in the picture, his ascendancy is an ever-present factor. Most of the passengers on the ship are Germans, returning to their fatherland at a time when millions of other Germans are looking for ways to escape."<sup id="cite_ref-Kramer_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kramer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 204">: 204 </span></sup> In a scene noted by Spoto, a Nazi passenger is "barking inanities" about how Germans should purify their race, to which a German-Jewish passenger responds, "There are nearly a million Jews in Germany. What are they going to do — kill us all?"<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 268">: 268 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guess_Who's_Coming_to_Dinner_(1967)"><span id="Guess_Who.27s_Coming_to_Dinner_.281967.29"></span><i>Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</i> (1967)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his fourth film about the sensitive subject of racism, he both directed and produced <i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a></i> (1967), a groundbreaking story about interracial marriage. It starred Spencer Tracy, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, winning two Academy Awards with eight nominations. It has been listed in the top 100 films over the last 100 years by the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>. However, despite its popularity with the public and its box-office success, many critics gave it negative reviews. </p><p>For Kramer and others involved in the production, it "was one of the most important events of their lives," writes Spoto.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 273">: 273 </span></sup> Partly because it was the first film that touched the subject since the 1920s silent era. "No one would touch this most explosive of social issues" until Kramer took on the challenge. Co-star Sidney Poitier called the film "revolutionary," and stated why: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>No producer, no director could get the money, nor would theaters in America book it. But Kramer made people look at the issue for the first time...He treated the theme with humor, but so delicately, so humanly, so lovingly that he made everyone look at the question for the very first time in film history!<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 227">: 227 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The film was also important as it was the last film role for Spencer Tracy, who was aware while making the film that he was dying and did in fact die a few weeks after its completion. It was his fourth film directed by Kramer and his ninth with Hepburn, who was so shaken by Tracy's death, that she refused to watch the film after it was completed. Kramer called Tracy "the greatest actor I ever worked with."<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 280">: 280 </span></sup> </p><p>As a result of this film's commercial success, Kramer helped spur on Hollywood to reform its film marketing practices when it was observed that the film was doing excellent business everywhere in the U.S., including the Southern states where it was assumed that films with African American lead actors never would be accepted. As a result, the prominent presence of Black actors in films never again was considered a factor in Hollywood film marketing and distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 374">: 374 </span></sup> However, Kramer, bothered by the film's negative reviews and wanting respect as an important film artist like <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, undertook a nine-college speaking tour to screen the film and discuss racial integration. The effort proved a dispiriting embarrassment for him with college students largely dismissing his film and preferring to discuss less conventional fare like <i><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (film)">Bonnie and Clyde</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penn" title="Arthur Penn">Arthur Penn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 398–400">: 398–400 </span></sup> </p><p>The film was Kramer's last major success, and his subsequent films were not profitable, and many had mixed reviews. Among those films were <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Santa_Vittoria" title="The Secret of Santa Vittoria">The Secret of Santa Vittoria</a></i> (1968), <i><a href="/wiki/R._P._M." title="R. P. M.">R.P.M.</a></i> (1970), <i><a href="/wiki/Bless_the_Beasts_and_Children_(film)" title="Bless the Beasts and Children (film)">Bless the Beasts and Children</a></i> (1971), <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Crude_(film)" title="Oklahoma Crude (film)">Oklahoma Crude</a></i> (1973), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Domino_Principle" title="The Domino Principle">The Domino Principle</a></i> (1977), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Runner_Stumbles" title="The Runner Stumbles">The Runner Stumbles</a></i> (1979). <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Crude_(film)" title="Oklahoma Crude (film)">Oklahoma Crude</a></i> was entered into the <a href="/wiki/8th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="8th Moscow International Film Festival">8th Moscow International Film Festival</a> where Kramer won the Golden Prize for Direction.<sup id="cite_ref-Moscow1973_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow1973-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his retirement, he was attempting to bring a script titled <i>Three Solitary Drinkers</i> to the screen, a film about a trio of alcoholics that he hoped would be played by Sidney Poitier, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s, Kramer retired to Bellevue, Washington, and wrote a column on movies for <i>The Seattle Times</i> from 1980 to 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, he hosted his own weekly movie show on then-independent television station <a href="/wiki/KCPQ" title="KCPQ">KCPQ</a>. </p><p>In 1986, he signed an agreement with Columbia Pictures to produce or direct two films, <i>Chernobyl</i> and <i>Beirut</i>, but the deal fell through when <a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> left Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, he agreed to make <i>ERN</i> starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Guillaume" title="Robert Guillaume">Robert Guillaume</a> but the project stalled. In 1991, he signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/Trimark" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimark">Trimark</a> to direct and produce <i>Bubble Man</i>, a project he had been working on since 1972, but it was not made.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Kramer published his autobiography <i>A Mad Mad Mad Mad World: A Life in Hollywood</i>. </p><p>He died on February 19, 2001, in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, aged 87, after contracting pneumonia. He was married three times and divorced twice. He was survived by his third wife, actress <a href="/wiki/Karen_Sharpe" title="Karen Sharpe">Karen Sharpe</a>, and four children: Casey (1955–2023)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Larry (with Anne Pearce), and Katharine and Jennifer (with Karen Sharpe).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kramer has been called "a genuine original" as a filmmaker. He made movies that he believed in, and "straddled the fence between art and commerce for more than 30 years."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of his films were noted for engaging the audience with political and social issues of the time. When asked why he gravitated to those kinds of themes, he stated, "emotionally I am drawn to these subjects,"<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thought that independent productions like his might help "return vitality to the motion picture industry...If our industry is to flourish, we must break away from formula thinking."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Film author Bill Nichols states that "Kramer's films continue a long-standing Hollywood tradition of marrying topical issues to dramatic form, a tradition in which we find many of Hollywood's more openly progressive films."<sup id="cite_ref-Hillstrom_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillstrom-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his themes, Kramer was one of the few filmmakers to delve into subjects relating to civil rights, and according to his wife, Karen Kramer, "put his reputation and finances on the line to present subject matter that meant something." He gave up his salary to make sure that <i>Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</i> was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he has not had universal acclaim. Film critic David Thomson has written that Kramer's "films are middlebrow and overemphatic; at worst, they are among the most tedious and dispiriting productions the American cinema has to offer. Commercialism, of the most crass and confusing kind...devitalised all [of] his projects."<sup id="cite_ref-Thomson_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomson-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics have labeled Kramer's films as "message movies." Some, like <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a>, were often critical of his subject matter for being "melodramas," and "irritatingly self-righteous," but she credits his films for their "redeeming social importance...[with] situations and settings nevertheless excitingly modern, relevant."<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup> Kramer, however, saw himself as "a storyteller with a point of view": </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Maybe I'm out of step with the times, because a lot of movies are made today with no statement at all, just shock and sensation, or a motivationless kind of approach to a story, a senseless crime, a pointless love affair...Like lots of kids in the 1930s, I wanted to right all the wrongs of mankind...I'm not interested in changing anyone's opinion, just in telling a story.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the 1960s Kramer blamed the growing "youth culture" with having changed the "artistic landscape" as he remembered it from his own youth. "No longer," he said, "were writers or filmmakers interested in creating the Great American Novel or the great American film, or indeed with exploring what it meant to be American."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In extreme cases, Kramer was accused of being "anti-American" due to the themes of his films, many concerning social problems or pathologies. But Kramer notes that it was his ability to produce those films in a democracy which distinguishes them: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Any American film that contains criticism of the American fabric of life is accepted, both critically and by the mass audience overseas, as being something that could never have been produced in a totalitarian state. This in itself builds tremendous respect for American society among foreigners—a respect I've always wanted to encourage.<sup id="cite_ref-Spoto_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Kramer produced and directed 23 different actors in Oscar-nominated performances, with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> winning for their performances. Kramer's was among the first stars to be completed on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> on March 28, 1960,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> out of the original 1,550 stars created and installed as a unit in 1960. </p><p>One of his daughters, Kat Kramer, is co-producer of socially relevant documentaries, as part of her series <i>Films That Change the World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Stanley_Kramer_Award">The Stanley Kramer Award</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Stanley Kramer Award"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Producers Guild of America established the Stanley Kramer Award in 2002 to honor a production or individuals whose contribution illuminates and raises public awareness of important social issues.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_producer_and_director">As producer and director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: As producer and director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_as_a_Stranger" title="Not as a Stranger">Not as a Stranger</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_and_the_Passion" title="The Pride and the Passion">The Pride and the Passion</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(1959_film)" title="On the Beach (1959 film)">On the Beach</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_Fools_(film)" title="Ship of Fools (film)">Ship of Fools</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Santa_Vittoria" title="The Secret of Santa Vittoria">The Secret of Santa Vittoria</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R._P._M." title="R. P. M.">R.P.M.</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bless_the_Beasts_and_Children_(film)" title="Bless the Beasts and Children (film)">Bless the Beasts and Children</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Crude_(film)" title="Oklahoma Crude (film)">Oklahoma Crude</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment:_The_Trial_of_Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Judgment: The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Judgment: The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgment:_The_Court-Martial_of_the_Tiger_of_Malaya_%E2%80%93_General_Yamashita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judgment: The Court-Martial of the Tiger of Malaya – General Yamashita (page does not exist)">Judgment: The Court-Martial of the Tiger of Malaya – General Yamashita</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judgment:_The_Court-Martial_of_Lieutenant_William_Calley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judgment: The Court-Martial of Lieutenant William Calley (page does not exist)">Judgment: The Court-Martial of Lieutenant William Calley</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Domino_Principle" title="The Domino Principle">The Domino Principle</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Runner_Stumbles" title="The Runner Stumbles">The Runner Stumbles</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_producer_only">As producer only</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: As producer only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_Sixpence_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon and Sixpence (film)">The Moon and Sixpence</a></i> (associate producer, 1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/So_This_Is_New_York" title="So This Is New York">So This Is New York</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Champion_(1949_movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champion (1949 movie)">Champion</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_of_the_Brave_(1949_film)" title="Home of the Brave (1949 film)">Home of the Brave</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_(1950_film)" title="The Men (1950 film)">The Men</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(1950_film)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (1950 film)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman_(1951_film)" title="Death of a Salesman (1951 film)">Death of a Salesman</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> (1952) (uncredited)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sniper_(1952_film)" title="The Sniper (1952 film)">The Sniper</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Happy_Time" title="The Happy Time">The Happy Time</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Member_of_the_Wedding_(film)" title="The Member of the Wedding (film)">The Member of the Wedding</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Iron_Men" title="Eight Iron Men">Eight Iron Men</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_One" title="The Wild One">The Wild One</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Juggler_(film)" title="The Juggler (film)">The Juggler</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_5,000_Fingers_of_Dr._T" class="mw-redirect" title="The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T">The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny_(1954_film)" title="The Caine Mutiny (1954 film)">The Caine Mutiny</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pressure_Point_(1962_film)" title="Pressure Point (1962 film)">Pressure Point</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Child_Is_Waiting" title="A Child Is Waiting">A Child Is Waiting</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academy_Award_nominations">Academy Award nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Academy Award nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award</th> <th>Film</th> <th>Resulting Win </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_Academy_Awards" title="25th Academy Awards">1952</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Show_on_Earth_(film)" title="The Greatest Show on Earth (film)">The Greatest Show on Earth</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_Academy_Awards" title="27th Academy Awards">1954</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny_(1954_film)" title="The Caine Mutiny (1954 film)">The Caine Mutiny</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Waterfront" title="On the Waterfront">On the Waterfront</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/31st_Academy_Awards" title="31st Academy Awards">1958</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)">Gigi</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)">Gigi</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/34th_Academy_Awards" title="34th Academy Awards">1961</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> and Robert Wise – <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award" title="Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award">Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award</a></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/38th_Academy_Awards" title="38th Academy Awards">1965</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_Fools_(film)" title="Ship of Fools (film)">Ship of Fools</a></i></td> <td>Robert Wise – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(film)" title="The Sound of Music (film)">The Sound of Music</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards" title="40th Academy Awards">1967</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(film)" title="In the Heat of the Night (film)">In the Heat of the Night</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Graduate" title="The Graduate">The Graduate</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1179924.stm">Film-maker Stanley Kramer dies</a>, a February 2001 BBC obituary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2015/01/kevin-spacey-golden-globes-stanley-kramer-speech-karen-kramer-1201348413/">"Golden Globes' Most Touching Moment Wasn't Captured On TV"</a>, <i>Deadline.com</i>, Jan. 12, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/kevin-spacey-drops-f-bomb-golden-globes-speech-article-1.2074635">"Kevin Spacey drops F-bomb during Golden Globes speech"</a>, <i>NY Daily News</i>, Jan. 12, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Byman, Jeremy. <i>Showdown at High Noon: Witch-hunts, Critics, and the End of the Western</i>, Scarecrow Press (2004) pp. 9, 29-45; 73-76; Ch. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow1963-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moscow1963_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116210707/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1963">"3rd Moscow International Film Festival (1963)"</a>. <i>MIFF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1963">the original</a> on 2013-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIFF&rft.atitle=3rd+Moscow+International+Film+Festival+%281963%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowfilmfestival.ru%2Fmiff34%2Feng%2Farchives%2F%3Fyear%3D1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribute-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tribute_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QY_jVz8R78"><span class="plainlinks">"Tribute to Stanley Kramer"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kramer-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kramer, Stanley. <i>A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World: a Life in Hollywood</i>, Harcourt Brace (1997)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spoto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spoto_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spoto, Donald. <i>Stanley Kramer: Film Maker</i>, Putnam (1978)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010directory-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010directory_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Membership Directory, 2010, Pi Lambda Phi Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyman, Rick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/21/movies/stanley-kramer-filmmaker-with-social-bent-dies-at-87.html?scp=2&sq=stanley%20kramer&st=cse">"Stanley Kramer, Filmmaker With Social Bent, Dies at 87"</a>, <i>New York Times</i> February 21, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wakeman-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakeman_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wakeman, John. Ed. <i>World Film Directors: Volume II, 1945-1985</i>, H. W. Wilson Company, N.Y. (1988) pp. 538-544</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutka, Elaine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010215410/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/20/news/la-stanley-kramer-walk-of-fame/2">"Stanley Kramer; Acclaimed Movies Focused on Social Issues"</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, Feb. 20, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katz-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Katz_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, Ephraim. <i>The Macmillan International Film Encyclopedia</i>, Macmillan (1998) p.767</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirk Douglas, <i>I am Spartacus! Making a film, breaking the Blacklist</i>, Open Road Integrated Media, New York, 2012 pp.19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevens-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevens, George Jr. <i>Conversations with the Great Moviemakers of Hollywood's Golden Age</i>, Alfred A. Knopf (2006) pp. 558-584</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crowther, Bosley. <i>The New York Times</i>, film review, September 25, 1958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053946/awards">"Awards for Inherit the Wind"</a> IMDb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055031/awards">"Awards for <i>Judgment at Nuremberg</i></a> IMDb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shatner, William. <i>Up Till Now: The Autobiography</i>, Macmillan (2008) p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057193/awards">"Awards for It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a> IMDb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0059712/awards">Awards for Ship of Fools</a>, IMDb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris2008" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Mark (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/picturesatrevolu0000harr"><i>Pictures at a Revolution: Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143115038" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143115038"><bdi>978-0143115038</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pictures+at+a+Revolution%3A+Five+Movies+and+the+Birth+of+the+New+Hollywood&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0143115038&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpicturesatrevolu0000harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow1973-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moscow1973_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194922/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1973">"8th Moscow International Film Festival (1973)"</a>. <i>MIFF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1973">the original</a> on 2013-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIFF&rft.atitle=8th+Moscow+International+Film+Festival+%281973%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowfilmfestival.ru%2Fmiff34%2Feng%2Farchives%2F%3Fyear%3D1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/us/iowa/cedar-rapids/cedar-rapids-gazette/1979/09-19/page-33">Cedar Rapids Gazette, September 19, 1979</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20010220/kramer20/director-stanley-kramer-dies">"Director Stanley Kramer dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>. February 20, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Director+Stanley+Kramer+dies&rft.date=2001-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F20010220%2Fkramer20%2Fdirector-stanley-kramer-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Kramer At Work At 'Chernboyl', 1st Film In Col Pact". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. 1987-05-20. pp. 4, 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Kramer+At+Work+At+%27Chernboyl%27%2C+1st+Film+In+Col+Pact&rft.pages=4%2C+38&rft.date=1987-05-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Kramer's 'Bubble Man' nears fruition". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. October 7, 1991. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Kramer%27s+%27Bubble+Man%27+nears+fruition&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1991-10-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharf2023" class="citation web cs1">Sharf, Zack (December 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2023/film/news/casey-kramer-dead-1235850752/">"Casey Kramer, Actor and Stanley Kramer's Daughter, Dies at 67"</a>. <i>Variety</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Casey+Kramer%2C+Actor+and+Stanley+Kramer%27s+Daughter%2C+Dies+at+67&rft.date=2023-12-26&rft.aulast=Sharf&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2023%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fcasey-kramer-dead-1235850752%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLyman2001" class="citation news cs1">Lyman, Rick (February 21, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/21/movies/stanley-kramer-filmmaker-with-social-bent-dies-at-87.html">"Stanley Kramer, Filmmaker with Social Bent, Dies at 87"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kramer%2C+Filmmaker+with+Social+Bent%2C+Dies+at+87&rft.date=2001-02-21&rft.aulast=Lyman&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F02%2F21%2Fmovies%2Fstanley-kramer-filmmaker-with-social-bent-dies-at-87.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>501 Movie Directors</i>, Barrons Educational Series (2007) p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillstrom-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hillstrom_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillstrom, Laurie Collier (ed.) <i>International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers</i>, vol 2, St. James Press (1997) pp. 548-550</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jet</i>, Aug. 18, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomson-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomson_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Thomson <i>The New Biographical Dictionary of Film</i>, New York: Knopf; London: Little, Brown, 2002, p.477</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodchamber.net/index.php?page=10">History of WOF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612050102/http://hollywoodchamber.net/index.php?page=10">Archived</a> 2010-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>hollywoodchamber.net</i>; Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/446305052.html?dids=446305052:446305052&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+29%2C+1960&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=KRAMER+FIRST+NAME+PUT+IN+WALK+OF+FAME&pqatl=google">"Kramer First Name Put in Walk of Fame"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629040339/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/446305052.html?dids=446305052:446305052&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+29%2C+1960&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=KRAMER+FIRST+NAME+PUT+IN+WALK+OF+FAME&pqatl=google">Archived</a> 2011-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(abstract). <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, March 29, 1960, p. 15. Full article: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.pqarchiver.com/latimes/display_pdf.pdf?filename=/share4/pqimage/hnirs103/20100609133722646/22322/out.pdf">Los Angeles Times Archives</a> Retrieved 2010-06-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1800311/news#ni7442064">Kat Kramer</a> IMDb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033246/http://www.producersguild.org/news/321295/Producers-Guild-Honors-Loving-With-2017-Stanley-Kramer-Award.htm">"PGA honors Loving"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.producersguild.org/news/321295/Producers-Guild-Honors-Loving-With-2017-Stanley-Kramer-Award.htm">the original</a> on 2017-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PGA+honors+Loving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.producersguild.org%2Fnews%2F321295%2FProducers-Guild-Honors-Loving-With-2017-Stanley-Kramer-Award.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Kramer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stanley_Kramer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stanley Kramer"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Stanley Kramer</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=874lHLTGHOs"><span class="plainlinks">"The Godfather of Independent Film"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, video, 3.5 min.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006452/">Stanley Kramer</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/105309%7C141975/wp">Stanley Kramer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Stanley_Kramer36" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stanley_Kramer" title="Template:Stanley Kramer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stanley_Kramer" title="Template talk:Stanley Kramer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stanley_Kramer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stanley Kramer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Stanley_Kramer36" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanley Kramer</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_as_a_Stranger" title="Not as a Stranger">Not as a Stranger</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_and_the_Passion" title="The Pride and the Passion">The Pride and the Passion</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(1959_film)" title="On the Beach (1959 film)">On the Beach</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_Fools_(film)" title="Ship of Fools (film)">Ship of Fools</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Santa_Vittoria" title="The Secret of Santa Vittoria">The Secret of Santa Vittoria</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R._P._M." title="R. P. M.">R. P. M.</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bless_the_Beasts_and_Children_(film)" title="Bless the Beasts and Children (film)">Bless the Beasts and Children</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Crude_(film)" title="Oklahoma Crude (film)">Oklahoma Crude</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment:_The_Trial_of_Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg" title="Judgment: The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg">Judgment: The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg</a></i> (1974) (TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Domino_Principle" title="The Domino Principle">The Domino Principle</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Runner_Stumbles" title="The Runner Stumbles">The Runner Stumbles</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Stanley_Kramer92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Stanley_Kramer92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Stanley Kramer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_O._Selznick_Achievement_Award105" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_O._Selznick_Achievement_Award_in_Theatrical_Motion_Pictures" title="Template:David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_O._Selznick_Achievement_Award_in_Theatrical_Motion_Pictures" title="Template talk:David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_O._Selznick_Achievement_Award_in_Theatrical_Motion_Pictures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_O._Selznick_Achievement_Award105" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick_Achievement_Award_in_Theatrical_Motion_Pictures" title="David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures">David O. Selznick Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanley Kramer</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pandro_S._Berman" title="Pandro S. Berman">Pandro S. Berman</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(producer)" title="David Brown (producer)">David Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Zanuck" title="Richard D. Zanuck">Richard D. Zanuck</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Koch" title="Howard W. Koch">Howard W. Koch</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bochco" title="Steven Bochco">Steven Bochco</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bruckheimer" title="Jerry Bruckheimer">Jerry Bruckheimer</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Grazer" title="Brian Grazer">Brian Grazer</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Gordon_(producer)" title="Lawrence Gordon (producer)">Lawrence Gordon</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans" title="Robert Evans">Robert Evans</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ziskin" title="Laura Ziskin">Laura Ziskin</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wick" title="Douglas Wick">Douglas Wick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Fisher" title="Lucy Fisher">Lucy Fisher</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lasseter" title="John Lasseter">John Lasseter</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Rudin" title="Scott Rudin">Scott Rudin</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Fellner" title="Eric Fellner">Eric Fellner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Bevan" title="Tim Bevan">Tim Bevan</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Broccoli" title="Barbara Broccoli">Barbara Broccoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gale_Anne_Hurd" title="Gale Anne Hurd">Gale Anne Hurd</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Heyman" title="David Heyman">David Heyman</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Winkler" title="Irwin Winkler">Irwin Winkler</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Roven" title="Charles Roven">Charles Roven</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Feige" title="Kevin Feige">Kevin Feige</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dede_Gardner" title="Dede Gardner">Dede Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kleiner" title="Jeremy Kleiner">Jeremy Kleiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Parent" title="Mary Parent">Mary Parent</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Meledandri" title="Chris Meledandri">Chris Meledandri</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Golden Globe Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Benedek" title="László Benedek">László Benedek</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Logan" title="Joshua Logan">Joshua Logan</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanley Kramer</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jarrott" title="Charles Jarrott">Charles Jarrott</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hiller" title="Arthur Hiller">Arthur Hiller</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ross" title="Herbert Ross">Herbert Ross</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schnabel" title="Julian Schnabel">Julian Schnabel</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brady_Corbet" title="Brady Corbet">Brady Corbet</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thalberg_Award" title="Template:Thalberg Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thalberg_Award" title="Template talk:Thalberg Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thalberg_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thalberg Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award" title="Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award">Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Franklin_(director)" title="Sidney Franklin (director)">Sidney Franklin</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Wald" title="Jerry Wald">Jerry Wald</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Adler" title="Buddy Adler">Buddy Adler</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> (1959)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanley Kramer</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Weingarten" title="Lawrence Weingarten">Lawrence Weingarten</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandro_S._Berman" title="Pandro S. Berman">Pandro S. Berman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Stark" title="Ray Stark">Ray Stark</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Broccoli" title="Albert R. Broccoli">Albert R. Broccoli</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(producer)" title="David Brown (producer)">David Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Zanuck" title="Richard D. Zanuck">Richard D. Zanuck</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calley" title="John Calley">John Calley</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Broccoli" title="Barbara Broccoli">Barbara Broccoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director">New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1935–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_La_Cava" title="Gregory La Cava">Gregory La Cava</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Farrow" title="John Farrow">John Farrow</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Reed" title="Carol Reed">Carol Reed</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stanley Kramer</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rafelson" title="Bob Rafelson">Bob Rafelson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Menges" title="Chris Menges">Chris Menges</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Baker_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean Baker (filmmaker)">Sean Baker</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Safdie_brothers" title="Safdie brothers">Joshua Safdie and Benjamin Safdie</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S._S._Rajamouli" title="S. S. Rajamouli">S. S. Rajamouli</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RaMell_Ross" title="RaMell Ross">RaMell Ross</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73136#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2335" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73136#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2335" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73136#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081865196">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/117395769">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/248784/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhxrBhGVymvWjphpYKw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119559366">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88068070">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14032444j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14032444j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0069681&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1175279">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p135703956">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201213062">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810636462305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007277524305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058526309306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500474625">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/41884">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_119559366">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119559366.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079903002">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61v6zhb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&oldid=1280741030">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Kramer&oldid=1280741030</a>"</div></div> 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