CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Batting average (baseball) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4788c947-d124-48cd-aa36-445654a607a0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Batting_average_(baseball)","wgTitle":"Batting average (baseball)","wgCurRevisionId":1240900989,"wgRevisionId":1240900989,"wgArticleId":18786251,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2024","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2023","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Batting statistics"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Batting_average_(baseball)", "wgRelevantArticleId":18786251,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q60739794","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/1200px-Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="817"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/800px-Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="544"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/640px-Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="436"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Batting average (baseball) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Batting_average_baseball rootpage-Batting_average_baseball skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Batting+average+%28baseball%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Batting+average+%28baseball%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Batting+average+%28baseball%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Batting+average+%28baseball%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Values" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Values"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Values</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Values-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Values subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Values-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anomalies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anomalies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anomalies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anomalies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualifications_for_the_batting_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualifications_for_the_batting_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Qualifications for the batting title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualifications_for_the_batting_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-All-time_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#All-time_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>All-time leaders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-All-time_leaders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle All-time leaders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-All-time_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_League_Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_League_Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Major League Baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_League_Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_League_Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_League_Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Minor League Baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_League_Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nippon_Professional_Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nippon_Professional_Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nippon Professional Baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nippon_Professional_Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KBO_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KBO_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>KBO League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KBO_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Batting average (baseball)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purata_pukulan_(besbol)" title="Purata pukulan (besbol) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Purata pukulan (besbol)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaggenomsnitt" title="Slaggenomsnitt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaggenomsnitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60739794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Batting_average_(baseball)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Batting_average_(baseball)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&oldid=1240900989" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Batting_average_%28baseball%29&id=1240900989&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatting_average_%28baseball%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBatting_average_%28baseball%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Batting_average_%28baseball%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60739794" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baseball player's batting statistics</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/260px-Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/390px-Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/520px-Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1446" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">Reggie Jackson</a> batting at <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium</a> in 1979; Jackson batted .297 that season.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:#fcfcfc; clear: none; width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle AVG={\frac {H}{AB}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle AVG={\frac {H}{AB}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b1a9a962a9a544aa68480dfacb4a5d4f63ff92c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:12.799ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle AVG={\frac {H}{AB}}}"></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <b>batting average</b> (<b>BA</b>) is determined by dividing a player's <a href="/wiki/Hits_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hits (baseball)">hits</a> by their total <a href="/wiki/At-bats" class="mw-redirect" title="At-bats">at-bats</a>. It is usually rounded to three decimal places and read without the decimal: A player with a batting average of .300 is "batting three hundred". If necessary to break ties, batting averages could be taken beyond the .001 measurement. In this context, .001 is considered a "point", such that a .235 batter is five points higher than a .230 batter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg/220px-National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg/330px-National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg/440px-National_League_batting_averages_1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Top batting averages for the 1877 season, as published in <i>The Buffalo Sunday Morning News</i>—<a href="/wiki/Deacon_White" title="Deacon White">Deacon White</a> led the league</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(writer)" title="Henry Chadwick (writer)">Henry Chadwick</a>, an English statistician raised on <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, was an influential figure in the early history of baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is credited with creating the modern <a href="/wiki/Box_score" title="Box score">box score</a>, in 1859, and the practice of denoting a <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">strikeout</a> with a "K".<sup id="cite_ref-hall_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chadwick wrote in 1869: "In making up a score at the close of the match the record should be as follows:–Name of player, total number of times the first base was made by clean hits, total bases so made, left on bases after clean hits, and the number of times the first base has been made on errors..."<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the recording of "clean" hits—times a batter reached base without benefit of an <a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">error</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1869, another early baseball proponent, Alfred Wright, published an end-of-season summary that included the average number of times a batter had "clean" hits on a <i>per game</i> basis.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1871, a writer for the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Clipper" title="New York Clipper">New York Clipper</a></i>, Hervie Dobson, proposed that a batter's "average is found by dividing his total 'times first base on clean hits' by his total number of times he went to the bat"—hits divided by at bats.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1874, some teams were calculating batting averages, and by 1876, it was being calculated by all teams of the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Values">Values</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg/170px-Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg/255px-Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg/340px-Josh_Gibson_1931c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a> has the highest major-league career batting average (.372). He is also the most recent player to hit .400 in a season (1943).</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern times, a <a href="/wiki/Season_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Season (sport)">season</a> batting average of .300 or higher is considered to be excellent, and an average higher than .400 a nearly unachievable goal. The last <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) player to do so, with enough <a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">plate appearances</a> to qualify for the batting championship, was <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a>, who hit .406 in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-SeasonLeaders_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeasonLeaders-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that batting averages are <a href="/wiki/Rounding" title="Rounding">rounded</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entering the final day of the 1941 season, Williams was at 179-for-448, which is .39955 and would have been recorded as .400 via rounding.<sup id="cite_ref-NowlinTed_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NowlinTed-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Williams played in both games of a <a href="/wiki/Doubleheader_(baseball)" title="Doubleheader (baseball)">doubleheader</a>, went 6-for-8, and ended the season 185-for-456,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is .40570 and becomes .406 when rounded.<sup id="cite_ref-NowlinTed_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NowlinTed-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1941, no <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> player has hit .400 or above—the highest single-season average in those leagues has been .394 by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Tony Gwynn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-SeasonLeaders_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeasonLeaders-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wade_Boggs" title="Wade Boggs">Wade Boggs</a> hit .401 over a 162-game span with Boston from June 9, 1985, to June 6, 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but never hit above .368 for an MLB season.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been numerous attempts to explain the disappearance of the .400 hitter, with one of the more rigorous discussions of this question appearing in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a>'s 1996 book <i><a href="/wiki/Full_House:_The_Spread_of_Excellence_from_Plato_to_Darwin" title="Full House: The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin">Full House</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a> hit .466 in 1943 while playing for the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Grays" title="Homestead Grays">Homestead Grays</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">Negro National League</a>, one of several leagues within <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a> that are now recognized by MLB.<sup id="cite_ref-JGStats_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JGStats-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibson holds the record for highest major-league career batting average at .372,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> six points higher than <a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a> who has the second-highest career average at .366.<sup id="cite_ref-BRcareer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRcareer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at-bats belongs to <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bergen" title="Bill Bergen">Bill Bergen</a>, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a .170 average in 3,028 career at-bats.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Duffy" title="Hugh Duffy">Hugh Duffy</a>, who played from 1888 to 1906, is credited with the highest single-season batting average, having hit .440 in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-BAsingleseason_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAsingleseason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern-era (post-1900) record for highest batting average for a season is held by <a href="/wiki/Nap_Lajoie" title="Nap Lajoie">Nap Lajoie</a>, who hit .426 in 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-BAsingleseason_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAsingleseason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first year of play for the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a>. The modern-era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Davis_(baseball)" title="Chris Davis (baseball)">Chris Davis</a>, who hit .168 in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Dunn" title="Adam Dunn">Adam Dunn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> hit .159 for the 2011 season, nine points lower than the record.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest batting average for a <a href="/wiki/Rookie" title="Rookie">rookie</a> was .408 in 1911 by <a href="/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_Jackson" title="Shoeless Joe Jackson">Shoeless Joe Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BArecords_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArecords-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The league batting average in MLB for the <a href="/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2018 Major League Baseball season">2018 season</a> was .248, with the highest modern-era MLB average being .296 in 1930, and the lowest being .237 in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For non-pitchers, a batting average below .230 is often considered poor, and one below .200 is usually unacceptable. This latter level is sometimes referred to as "The <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Line" title="Mendoza Line">Mendoza Line</a>", named for <a href="/wiki/Mario_Mendoza" title="Mario Mendoza">Mario Mendoza</a>—a lifetime .215 hitter but a good defensive shortstop.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sabermetrics" title="Sabermetrics">Sabermetrics</a>, the study of baseball statistics, considers batting average a weak measure of performance because it does not correlate as well as other measures to runs scored, thereby causing it to have little predictive value. Batting average does not take into account <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">bases on balls</a> (walks) or power, whereas other statistics such as <a href="/wiki/On-base_percentage" title="On-base percentage">on-base percentage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slugging_percentage" title="Slugging percentage">slugging percentage</a> have been specifically designed to measure such concepts. Adding these statistics together form a player's <a href="/wiki/On-base_plus_slugging" title="On-base plus slugging">on-base plus slugging</a> or "OPS". This is commonly seen as a much better, though not perfect, indicator of a player's overall batting ability as it is a measure of hitting for average, hitting for power, and drawing walks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anomalies">Anomalies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anomalies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1887_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1887 Major League Baseball season">1887</a>, <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">bases on balls</a> (walks) were counted as hits by the major leagues in existence at the time. This inflated batting averages, with 11 players batting .400 or better, and the experiment was abandoned the following season. Historical statistics for the season were later revised, such that "Bases on balls shall always be treated as neither a time at bat nor a hit for the batter."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In rare instances, players have concluded their careers with a perfect batting average of 1.000—through the 2021 season, there were 94 such players in major-league history, 83 of whom recorded exactly one hit in one at bat.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only one player with a 1.000 average has had three hits—outfielder <a href="/wiki/John_Paciorek" title="John Paciorek">John Paciorek</a> (1963), who had three hits in three at bats; he also had two walks, and scored four runs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players who had two hits in their only two at bats include: pitcher <a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Connor_(baseball)" title="Frank O'Connor (baseball)">Frank O'Connor</a> (1893),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> catcher <a href="/wiki/Mike_Hopkins_(baseball)" title="Mike Hopkins (baseball)">Mike Hopkins</a> (1902),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Doc_Tonkin" title="Doc Tonkin">Doc Tonkin</a> (1907),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Hal_Deviney" title="Hal Deviney">Hal Deviney</a> (1920),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Fred_Schemanske" title="Fred Schemanske">Fred Schemanske</a> (1923),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Chet_Kehn" title="Chet Kehn">Chet Kehn</a> (1942),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> second baseman <a href="/wiki/Steve_Biras" title="Steve Biras">Steve Biras</a> (1944),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pitcher <a href="/wiki/Jason_Roach_(baseball)" title="Jason Roach (baseball)">Jason Roach</a> (2003).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pitcher <a href="/wiki/Esteban_Yan" title="Esteban Yan">Esteban Yan</a>, who played in 472 major-league games from 1996 to 2006, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> (where pitchers have rarely batted since the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">designated hitter</a> in 1973), also had two hits in his only two at bats, one a home run.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications_for_the_batting_title">Qualifications for the batting title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Qualifications for the batting title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MLB batting averages championships (often referred to as "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions">the batting title</a>") are awarded annually to the player in each league who has the highest batting average. <a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a> holds the MLB and <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> (AL) record for most batting titles, officially winning 11 in his career.<sup id="cite_ref-BaseballRefBattingTitles2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaseballRefBattingTitles2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> (NL) record of eight batting titles is shared by <a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Honus Wagner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Tony Gwynn</a>. Most of Cobb's career and all of Wagner's career took place in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Dead-ball_era" title="Dead-ball era">Dead-Ball Era</a>, which was characterized by higher batting averages by star players (although the overall league batting average was historically at its lowest during that era) and much less power, whereas Gwynn's career took place in the <a href="/wiki/Live-ball_era" title="Live-ball era">Live-Ball Era</a>. </p><p>To determine which players are eligible to win the batting title, the following conditions have been used over the sport's history:<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pre-1920 – A player generally is required to appear in at least 100 or more games when the schedule was 154 games, and 90 games when the schedule was 140 games. An exception to the rule was made for <a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a> in 1914, who appeared in 98 games but had a big lead and was also a favorite of American League President <a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson" title="Ban Johnson">Ban Johnson</a>.</li> <li>1920–1949 – A player had to appear in 100 games to qualify in the NL; the AL used 100 games from 1920 to 1935, and 400 at-bats from 1936 to 1949. The NL was advised to adopt 400 at-bats for the 1945 season, but National League President <a href="/wiki/Ford_Frick" title="Ford Frick">Ford Frick</a> refused, feeling that 100 games should stand for the benefit of catchers and injured players. (<a href="/wiki/Taffy_Wright" title="Taffy Wright">Taffy Wright</a> is often erroneously said to have been cheated out of the 1938 batting title; he batted .350 in exactly 100 games, with 263 ABs. <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Foxx" title="Jimmie Foxx">Jimmie Foxx</a> hit .349, in 149 games and 565 AB. But since the AL requirement that year was 400 at-bats, Foxx's batting title is undisputed.)</li> <li>1950–1956 – A player needed 2.6 at-bats per team game originally scheduled. (With the 154-game schedule of the time, that meant a rounded-off 400 at-bats.) From 1951 to 1954, if the player with the highest average in a league failed to meet the minimum at-bat requirement, the remaining at-bats until qualification (e.g., five at-bats, if the player finished the season with 395 at-bats) were hypothetically considered hitless at-bats; if his recalculated batting average still topped the league, he was awarded the title. This standard was applied in the AL from 1936 to 1956.</li> <li>1957 to the present – A player has needed 3.1 plate appearances per team game originally scheduled; thus, players were no longer penalized for walking so frequently, nor did they benefit from walking so rarely. (In 1954, for example, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a> batted .345 but had only 386 ABs, while topping the AL with 136 walks. Williams thus lost the batting title to Cleveland's <a href="/wiki/Bobby_%C3%81vila" title="Bobby Ávila">Bobby Ávila</a>, who hit .341 in 555 ABs.) In the 154-game schedule, the required number of plate appearances was 477, and since the era of the 162-game schedule, the requisite number of plate appearances has been 502. Adjustments to this figure have been made during <a href="/wiki/MLB_lockout" title="MLB lockout">strike-shortened seasons</a>, such as 1972, 1981, 1994, and 1995.</li></ul> <p>From 1967 to the present, if the player with the highest average in a league fails to meet the minimum plate-appearance requirement, the remaining at-bats until qualification (e.g., five at-bats, if the player finished the season with 497 plate appearances) are hypothetically considered hitless at-bats; if his recalculated batting average still tops the league, he is awarded the title. This is officially Rule 10.22(a), but it is also known as the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Tony Gwynn</a> rule because the Padres' player won the batting crown in 1996 with a .353 average on just 498 plate appearances (i.e., he was four short). Gwynn was awarded the title since he would have led the league even if he had gone 0-for-4 in those missing plate appearances. His average would have dropped to .349, five points better than second-place <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Burks" title="Ellis Burks">Ellis Burks</a>' .344.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, a one-time amendment to the rule was made to disqualify <a href="/wiki/Melky_Cabrera" title="Melky Cabrera">Melky Cabrera</a> from the title. Cabrera requested that he be disqualified after serving a suspension that season for a positive <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">testosterone</a> test. He had batted .346 with 501 plate appearances, and the original rule would have awarded him the title over <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> teammate <a href="/wiki/Buster_Posey" title="Buster Posey">Buster Posey</a>, who won batting .336.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="All-time_leaders">All-time leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: All-time leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_League_Baseball">Major League Baseball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major League Baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_batting_average_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders">List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders</a></div> <p>Different sources of baseball records present somewhat differing lists of career batting average leaders. There is consensus that <a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a> leads this category.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further rankings vary by source, primarily due to differences in minimums needed to qualify (number of games played or <a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">plate appearances</a>), or differences in early baseball records. <a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a> includes the <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro League</a> teams considered major leagues by Major League Baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The below table presents the top ten lists as they appear in four well-known sources, with the rankings and degree of precision (decimal places) as provided in the source. The main article linked above is sourced from Baseball-Reference.com, which is also presented here. None of the players listed below are still living; each is an inductee of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a>, except for <a href="/wiki/Lefty_O%27Doul" title="Lefty O'Doul">Lefty O'Doul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Browning" title="Pete Browning">Pete Browning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_Jackson" title="Shoeless Joe Jackson">Shoeless Joe Jackson</a> (who is ineligible due to his alleged role in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal" title="Black Sox Scandal">Black Sox Scandal</a> of 1919). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a><sup id="cite_ref-BRcareer_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRcareer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td rowspan="13"> </td> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Almanac" title="Baseball Almanac">Baseball Almanac</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td rowspan="12"> </td> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td rowspan="12"> </td> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Average </th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Average </th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Average </th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Average </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a></td> <td>.3662 </td> <td>1</td> <td>Ty Cobb</td> <td>.36636 </td> <td>1</td> <td>Ty Cobb</td> <td>.366 </td> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a></td> <td>.372 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Oscar Charleston</a></td> <td>.3643 </td> <td>2</td> <td>Rogers Hornsby</td> <td>.35850 </td> <td>2</td> <td>Rogers Hornsby</td> <td>.358 </td> <td>2</td> <td>Ty Cobb</td> <td>.367 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Hornsby" title="Rogers Hornsby">Rogers Hornsby</a></td> <td>.3585 </td> <td>3</td> <td>Shoeless Joe Jackson</td> <td>.35575 </td> <td>3</td> <td>Shoeless Joe Jackson</td> <td>.356 </td> <td>3</td> <td>Oscar Charleston</td> <td>.363 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_Jackson" title="Shoeless Joe Jackson">Shoeless Joe Jackson</a></td> <td>.3558 </td> <td>4</td> <td>Ed Delahanty</td> <td>.34590 </td> <td>4</td> <td>Ed Delahanty</td> <td>.346 </td> <td>4</td> <td>Rogers Hornsby</td> <td>.358 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">Jud Wilson</a></td> <td>.3519 </td> <td>5</td> <td>Tris Speaker</td> <td>.34468 </td> <td>5</td> <td>Tris Speaker</td> <td>.345 </td> <td>5</td> <td>Jud Wilson</td> <td>.350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lefty_O%27Doul" title="Lefty O'Doul">Lefty O'Doul</a></td> <td>.3493 </td> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a></td> <td>.34441 </td> <td rowspan="2">6</td> <td>Billy Hamilton</td> <td>.344 </td> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes" title="Turkey Stearnes">Turkey Stearnes</a></td> <td>.348 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Turkey Stearnes</td> <td>.3490 </td> <td>7</td> <td>Billy Hamilton</td> <td>.34429 </td> <td>Ted Williams</td> <td>.344 </td> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ed_Delahanty" title="Ed Delahanty">Ed Delahanty</a></td> <td>.346 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Ed Delahanty</td> <td>.3458 </td> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a></td> <td>.34206 </td> <td rowspan="3">8</td> <td>Dan Brouthers</td> <td>.342 </td> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Buck Leonard</a></td> <td>.345 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tris_Speaker" title="Tris Speaker">Tris Speaker</a></td> <td>.3447 </td> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Heilmann" title="Harry Heilmann">Harry Heilmann</a></td> <td>.34159 </td> <td>Harry Heilmann</td> <td>.342 </td> <td>9</td> <td>Tris Speaker</td> <td>.345 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)" title="Billy Hamilton (baseball, born 1866)">Billy Hamilton</a></td> <td>.3444 </td> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pete_Browning" title="Pete Browning">Pete Browning</a></td> <td>.34149 </td> <td>Babe Ruth</td> <td>.342 </td> <td rowspan="2">10</td> <td>Billy Hamilton</td> <td>.344 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ted Williams</td> <td>.3444 </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td>Ted Williams</td> <td>.344 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_League_Baseball">Minor League Baseball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Minor League Baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The highest recorded single-season batting average in <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> is .462, accomplished by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Redus" title="Gary Redus">Gary Redus</a> in 1978, when he played for the <a href="/wiki/Billings_Mustangs" title="Billings Mustangs">Billings Mustangs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rookie_Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="Rookie Advanced">Rookie Advanced</a>-level <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a>. Redus was 117-for-253 in 68 games,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the Pioneer League only plays from June to early September. Redus went on to play in MLB from 1982 through 1994, batting .252 during his MLB career.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nippon_Professional_Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nippon Professional Baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> (NPB), the leader in career batting average is <a href="/wiki/Isao_Harimoto" title="Isao Harimoto">Isao Harimoto</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame">Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame</a>, who hit .319 in his NPB career.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nori_Aoki" title="Nori Aoki">Nori Aoki</a>, an active NPB player, has a career NPB batting average of .316 as of April 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ichiro_Suzuki" title="Ichiro Suzuki">Ichiro Suzuki</a> batted .353 in NPB,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but does not have enough NPB career at-bats to qualify for the league's title. <a href="/wiki/Sadaharu_Oh" title="Sadaharu Oh">Sadaharu Oh</a> batting average of .355 in 1973 season. <a href="/wiki/Randy_Bass" title="Randy Bass">Randy Bass</a> had a batting average of .389 in 1986 season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KBO_League">KBO League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: KBO League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/KBO_League" title="KBO League">KBO League</a> (KBO), the leader in career batting average is <a href="/wiki/Jung-hoo_Lee" title="Jung-hoo Lee">Jung-hoo Lee</a>, who hit .340 in his KBO career. And he is an active player. <a href="/wiki/Baek_In-chun" title="Baek In-chun">Baek In-chun</a> batting average of .412 in 1982 season. This is the highest batting average of one season in KBO League. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions">List of Major League Baseball batting champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(cricket)" title="Batting average (cricket)">Batting average (cricket)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of May 2024, with MLB formally recognizing Negro league baseball statistics, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a> has the highest career batting average—updates to the cited sources are expected.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2008" class="citation web cs1">Schiff, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/436e570c">"Henry Chadwick"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.atitle=Henry+Chadwick&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2F436e570c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hall-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hall_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/chadwick-henry">"Henry Chadwick"</a>. <i>Baseball Hall of Fame</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Henry+Chadwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fhall-of-famers%2Fchadwick-henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hersh-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershberger2018" class="citation web cs1">Hershberger, Richard (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/journal/article/how-bases-on-balls-were-scored-1864-1888/">"How Bases on Balls were Scored: 1864–1888"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.atitle=How+Bases+on+Balls+were+Scored%3A+1864%E2%80%931888&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Hershberger&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fjournal%2Farticle%2Fhow-bases-on-balls-were-scored-1864-1888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeasonLeaders-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SeasonLeaders_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeasonLeaders_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/mlb/history/leaders/_/breakdown/singlepost">"MLB Single-Season (Post-1900) Batting Leaders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=MLB+Single-Season+%28Post-1900%29+Batting+Leaders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fhistory%2Fleaders%2F_%2Fbreakdown%2Fsinglepost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottBirnbaum2010" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Paul; Birnbaum, Phil (February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/research/do-motivated-players-have-higher-batting-averages">"Do Motivated Players Have Higher Batting Averages?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">SABR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>. <q>recorded batting averages are rounded to three decimal places</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SABR&rft.atitle=Do+Motivated+Players+Have+Higher+Batting+Averages%3F&rft.date=2010-02&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fresearch%2Fdo-motivated-players-have-higher-batting-averages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NowlinTed-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NowlinTed_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NowlinTed_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowlin2013" class="citation web cs1">Nowlin, Bill (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/research/day-ted-williams-became-last-400-hitter-baseball">"The Day Ted Williams Became the Last .400 Hitter in Baseball"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">SABR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SABR&rft.atitle=The+Day+Ted+Williams+Became+the+Last+.400+Hitter+in+Baseball&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Nowlin&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fresearch%2Fday-ted-williams-became-last-400-hitter-baseball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/W/Pwillt103.htm">"Ted Williams"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Ted+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FW%2FPwillt103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpaeder2016" class="citation cs2">Spaeder, Ryan (May 26, 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191225135005/https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/wade-boggs-jersey-retirement-red-sox-25-retired-fenway/h8k2lfh1voh41qimtgugkd49n">"Wade Boggs: 26 incredible Red Sox stats for No. 26"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sporting_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting News">Sporting News</a></i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/wade-boggs-jersey-retirement-red-sox-25-retired-fenway/h8k2lfh1voh41qimtgugkd49n">the original</a> on December 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sporting+News&rft.atitle=Wade+Boggs%3A+26+incredible+Red+Sox+stats+for+No.+26&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.aulast=Spaeder&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportingnews.com%2Fus%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fwade-boggs-jersey-retirement-red-sox-25-retired-fenway%2Fh8k2lfh1voh41qimtgugkd49n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/B/Pboggw001.htm">"Wade Boggs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Wade+Boggs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FB%2FPboggw001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JGStats-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JGStats_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKepner2024" class="citation web cs1">Kepner, Tyler (May 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5525148/2024/05/28/mlb-negro-leagues-records-josh-gibson-ty-cobb/">"As MLB changes its records, Josh Gibson, not Ty Cobb, is all-time batting leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Athletic" title="The Athletic">The Athletics</a></i> – via nytimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Athletics&rft.atitle=As+MLB+changes+its+records%2C+Josh+Gibson%2C+not+Ty+Cobb%2C+is+all-time+batting+leader&rft.date=2024-05-28&rft.aulast=Kepner&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fathletic%2F5525148%2F2024%2F05%2F28%2Fmlb-negro-leagues-records-josh-gibson-ty-cobb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastrovince2024" class="citation news cs1">Castrovince, Anthony (May 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/faq-negro-leagues-stats-major-league-record">"What to know about Negro Leagues stats entering MLB record"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=What+to+know+about+Negro+Leagues+stats+entering+MLB+record&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=Castrovince&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Ffaq-negro-leagues-stats-major-league-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BRcareer-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BRcareer_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BRcareer_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/batting_avg_career.shtml">"Career Leaders & Records for Batting Average"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Career+Leaders+%26+Records+for+Batting+Average&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleaders%2Fbatting_avg_career.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDittmar" class="citation web cs1">Dittmar, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/d0f5be23">"Bill Bergen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">SABR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SABR&rft.atitle=Bill+Bergen&rft.aulast=Dittmar&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2Fd0f5be23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BAsingleseason-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BAsingleseason_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BAsingleseason_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/hitting/hibavg2.shtml">"Single Season Leaders for Batting Average"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Almanac" title="Baseball Almanac">Baseball Almanac</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Almanac&rft.atitle=Single+Season+Leaders+for+Batting+Average&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fhitting%2Fhibavg2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxisa2018" class="citation news cs1">Axisa, Mike (September 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/chris-davis-finishes-2018-with-the-worst-batting-average-in-mlb-history-after-orioles-shut-him-down/">"Chris Davis finishes 2018 with the worst batting average in MLB history after Orioles shut him down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports" title="CBS Sports">CBS Sports</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+Sports&rft.atitle=Chris+Davis+finishes+2018+with+the+worst+batting+average+in+MLB+history+after+Orioles+shut+him+down&rft.date=2018-09-29&rft.aulast=Axisa&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fchris-davis-finishes-2018-with-the-worst-batting-average-in-mlb-history-after-orioles-shut-him-down%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiter2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Reiter, Ben (June 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/vault/2012/06/04/106198945/death-taxes-and-adam-dunn">"Death, Taxes And Adam Dunn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span> – via si.com/vault.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Death%2C+Taxes+And+Adam+Dunn&rft.date=2012-06-04&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fvault%2F2012%2F06%2F04%2F106198945%2Fdeath-taxes-and-adam-dunn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BArecords-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BArecords_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/recbooks/rb_bavg1.shtml">"Batting Average Records"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Almanac" title="Baseball Almanac">Baseball Almanac</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Almanac&rft.atitle=Batting+Average+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Frecbooks%2Frb_bavg1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/bat.shtml">"Major League Baseball Batting Year-by-Year Averages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+Batting+Year-by-Year+Averages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleagues%2FMLB%2Fbat.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanders2018" class="citation web cs1">Landers, Chris (May 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/cut4/how-did-the-mendoza-line-become-an-mlb-term/c-277392972">"How did Mario Mendoza become a shorthand for batting futility?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=How+did+Mario+Mendoza+become+a+shorthand+for+batting+futility%3F&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft.aulast=Landers&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fcut4%2Fhow-did-the-mendoza-line-become-an-mlb-term%2Fc-277392972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorn2015" class="citation web cs1">Thorn, John (May 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/why-is-the-national-association-not-a-major-league-and-other-records-issues-7507e1683b66">"Why Is the National Association Not a Major League … and Other Records Issues"</a>. <i>ourgame.mlblogs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ourgame.mlblogs.com&rft.atitle=Why+Is+the+National+Association+Not+a+Major+League+%E2%80%A6+and+Other+Records+Issues&rft.date=2015-05-04&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourgame.mlblogs.com%2Fwhy-is-the-national-association-not-a-major-league-and-other-records-issues-7507e1683b66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzerwinski2021" class="citation web cs1">Czerwinski, Kevin (December 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballnine.com/2021/12/17/batting-1-000/">"Batting 1.000. Really"</a>. <i>ballnine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ballnine.com&rft.atitle=Batting+1.000.+Really.&rft.date=2021-12-17&rft.aulast=Czerwinski&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballnine.com%2F2021%2F12%2F17%2Fbatting-1-000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/P/Ppacij101.htm">"John Paciorek"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=John+Paciorek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FP%2FPpacij101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Keith, Ted (July 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317121920/https://www.si.com/vault/2015/07/10/106211233/the-perfect-game">"The Perfect Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/vault/2015/07/10/106211233/the-perfect-game">the original</a> on March 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Perfect+Game&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fvault%2F2015%2F07%2F10%2F106211233%2Fthe-perfect-game&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/O/Poconf101.htm">"Frank O'Connor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Frank+O%27Connor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FO%2FPoconf101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/H/Phopkm101.htm">"Mike Hopkins"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Mike+Hopkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FH%2FPhopkm101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/T/Ptonkd101.htm">"Doc Tonkin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Doc+Tonkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FT%2FPtonkd101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/D/Pdevih101.htm">"Hal Deviney"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Hal+Deviney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FD%2FPdevih101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/S/Pschef103.htm">"Fred Schemanske"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Fred+Schemanske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FS%2FPschef103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/K/Pkehnc101.htm">"Chet Kehn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Chet+Kehn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FK%2FPkehnc101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/B/Pbiras101.htm">"Steve Biras"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Steve+Biras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FB%2FPbiras101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/R/Proacj001.htm">"Jason Roach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Jason+Roach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FR%2FProacj001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/Y/Pyan-e001.htm">"Esteban Yan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Esteban+Yan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fboxesetc%2FY%2FPyan-e001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BaseballRefBattingTitles2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BaseballRefBattingTitles2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209052936/http://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/BA_leagues.shtml">"Year-by-Year League Leaders for Batting Average"</a>. Sports Reference, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/BA_leagues.shtml">the original</a> on 9 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Year-by-Year+League+Leaders+for+Batting+Average&rft.pub=Sports+Reference%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleaders%2FBA_leagues.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/about/leader_glossary.shtml#min_req">"Leaderboard Glossary – Baseball"</a>. Baseball-Reference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leaderboard+Glossary+%E2%80%93+Baseball&rft.pub=Baseball-Reference.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fabout%2Fleader_glossary.shtml%23min_req&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovacevic2012" class="citation web cs1">Kovacevic, Dejan (August 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triblive.com/sports/2424892-74/cabrera-batting-crown-rule-league-baseball-gwynn-mccutchen-347-anyone">"Cadon't crown cheating Cabrera"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review" title="Pittsburgh Tribune-Review">Pittsburgh Tribune-Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Tribune-Review&rft.atitle=Cadon%27t+crown+cheating+Cabrera&rft.date=2012-08-16&rft.aulast=Kovacevic&rft.aufirst=Dejan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftriblive.com%2Fsports%2F2424892-74%2Fcabrera-batting-crown-rule-league-baseball-gwynn-mccutchen-347-anyone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627080512/http://www.thestate.com/2012/11/16/2521422/cabrera-posey-are-mvps.html#.UMpcaKxCN8E">"Cabrera, Posey are MVPs"</a>. <i>The State</i>. Associated Press. 16 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestate.com/2012/11/16/2521422/cabrera-posey-are-mvps.html#.UMpcaKxCN8E">the original</a> on 27 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+State&rft.atitle=Cabrera%2C+Posey+are+MVPs&rft.date=2012-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestate.com%2F2012%2F11%2F16%2F2521422%2Fcabrera-posey-are-mvps.html%23.UMpcaKxCN8E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaggarly" class="citation web cs1">Baggarly, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203557/http://www.csnbayarea.com/blog/andrew-baggarly/exclusive-melky-cabrera-ruled-ineligible-win-batting-crown">"Melky Cabrera ruled ineligible to win batting crown"</a>. <i>CSN Bay Area</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csnbayarea.com/baseball-san-francisco-giants/giants-talk/EXCLUSIVE-Melky-Cabrera-ruled-ineligible?blockID=777029&feedID=10850">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSN+Bay+Area&rft.atitle=Melky+Cabrera+ruled+ineligible+to+win+batting+crown&rft.aulast=Baggarly&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csnbayarea.com%2Fbaseball-san-francisco-giants%2Fgiants-talk%2FEXCLUSIVE-Melky-Cabrera-ruled-ineligible%3FblockID%3D777029%26feedID%3D10850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/negro-leagues-are-major-leagues.shtml">"The Negro Leagues Are Major Leagues"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=The+Negro+Leagues+Are+Major+Leagues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fnegro-leagues-are-major-leagues.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/hitting/hibavg1.shtml">"Career Leaders for Batting Average"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Almanac" title="Baseball Almanac">Baseball Almanac</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Almanac&rft.atitle=Career+Leaders+for+Batting+Average&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fhitting%2Fhibavg1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/mlb/history/leaders">"MLB Career Batting Leaders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=MLB+Career+Batting+Leaders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fhistory%2Fleaders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/stats/batting-average/all-time-totals">"Statistics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2024</span>. <q>All-Time Totals, sorted by AVG</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fstats%2Fbatting-average%2Fall-time-totals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzerwinski2006" class="citation web cs1">Czerwinski, Kevin T. (August 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milb.com/milb/news/redus-462-in-1978-still-minor-league-best/c-112451">"Redus' .462 in 1978 still Minor League best"</a>. <i>MiLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MiLB.com&rft.atitle=Redus%27+.462+in+1978+still+Minor+League+best&rft.date=2006-08-02&rft.aulast=Czerwinski&rft.aufirst=Kevin+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milb.com%2Fmilb%2Fnews%2Fredus-462-in-1978-still-minor-league-best%2Fc-112451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Doug (April 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/blog/playbook/fandom/post/_/id/20959/in-78-redus-hit-462-in-season-for-the-ages">"In '78, Redus hit .462, a season for the ages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN.com" title="ESPN.com">ESPN.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=In+%2778%2C+Redus+hit+.462%2C+a+season+for+the+ages&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fblog%2Fplaybook%2Ffandom%2Fpost%2F_%2Fid%2F20959%2Fin-78-redus-hit-462-in-season-for-the-ages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=redus-001gar">"Gary Redus Minor Leagues Statistics & History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Gary+Redus+Minor+Leagues+Statistics+%26+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fregister%2Fplayer.fcgi%3Fid%3Dredus-001gar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/r/redusga01.shtml">"Gary Redus Stats"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Gary+Redus+Stats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fr%2Fredusga01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=harimo000isa">"Isao Harimoto"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Isao+Harimoto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fregister%2Fplayer.fcgi%3Fid%3Dharimo000isa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npb.jp/bis/eng/players/31135119.html">"Aoki, Norichika"</a>. <i>npb.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=npb.jp&rft.atitle=Aoki%2C+Norichika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpb.jp%2Fbis%2Feng%2Fplayers%2F31135119.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutz2019" class="citation news cs1">Lutz, Eric (March 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.menshealth.com/trending-news/a26895236/ichiro-suzuki-retires/">"Ichiro Suzuki Retires at 45: Inside His Stats, Teams, and Legendary MLB Career"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Health" title="Men's Health">Men's Health</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Men%27s+Health&rft.atitle=Ichiro+Suzuki+Retires+at+45%3A+Inside+His+Stats%2C+Teams%2C+and+Legendary+MLB+Career&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.menshealth.com%2Ftrending-news%2Fa26895236%2Fichiro-suzuki-retires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2017" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, John (August 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/explaining-sabermetrics-batting-average-criticism-ops-wrc-fangraphs-statcast/1d6p94zlvv3a01kqajw7vzrm3f">"Stat to the Future: Why it's time to stop relying on batting average"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sporting_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting News">Sporting News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sporting+News&rft.atitle=Stat+to+the+Future%3A+Why+it%27s+time+to+stop+relying+on+batting+average&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportingnews.com%2Fus%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fexplaining-sabermetrics-batting-average-criticism-ops-wrc-fangraphs-statcast%2F1d6p94zlvv3a01kqajw7vzrm3f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ryan" title="Bob Ryan">Ryan, Bob</a> (April 17, 2020). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/04/17/sports/defense-batting-average/">"In defense of the batting average"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=In+defense+of+the+batting+average&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2F2020%2F04%2F17%2Fsports%2Fdefense-batting-average%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+average+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/batting_avg_career.shtml">Career Leaders & Records for Batting Average</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baseball_statistics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_statistics" title="Template:Baseball statistics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball_statistics" title="Template talk:Baseball statistics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball_statistics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball statistics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_statistics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">Batting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batting average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-base_percentage" title="On-base percentage">On-base percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugging_percentage" title="Slugging percentage">Slugging percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">Single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">Triple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra-base_hit" title="Extra-base hit">Extra-base hit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_per_run" title="Hits per run">Hits per run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">Grand slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_bases" title="Total bases">Total bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_batted_in" title="Run batted in">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game-winning_RBI" title="Game-winning RBI">Game-winning RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">Bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">Sacrifice bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">Sacrifice fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-base_plus_slugging" title="On-base plus slugging">On-base plus slugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_on_base" title="Times on base">Times on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk-to-strikeout_ratio" title="Walk-to-strikeout ratio">Walk-to-strikeout ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_percentage" title="Walk percentage">Walk percentage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Base running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base_percentage" title="Stolen base percentage">Stolen base percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitching_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitching (baseball)">Pitching</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Win%E2%80%93loss_record_(pitching)" title="Win–loss record (pitching)">Win–loss record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innings_pitched" title="Innings pitched">Innings pitched</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Win%E2%80%93loss_record_(pitching)" title="Win–loss record (pitching)">Pitchers of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_(baseball)" title="Save (baseball)">Save</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_(baseball)" title="Hold (baseball)">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earned_run" title="Earned run">Earned</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earned_run_average" title="Earned run average">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">Perfect game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hitter" title="No-hitter">No-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walks_plus_hits_per_inning_pitched" title="Walks plus hits per inning pitched">WHIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_on_balls_per_nine_innings_pitched" title="Bases on balls per nine innings pitched">BB/9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeouts_per_nine_innings_pitched" title="Strikeouts per nine innings pitched">K/9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_start" title="Quality start">Quality start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_game" title="Complete game">Complete game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutouts_in_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Shutouts in baseball">Shutout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout-to-walk_ratio" title="Strikeout-to-walk ratio">Strikeout-to-walk ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddux_(statistic)" title="Maddux (statistic)">Maddux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positions" title="Baseball positions">Fielding</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fielding_percentage" title="Fielding percentage">Fielding percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(baseball)" title="Assist (baseball)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putout" title="Putout">Putout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">Error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_chances" title="Total chances">Total chances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice" title="Fielder's choice">Fielder's choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_indifference" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive indifference">Defensive indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_ball" title="Passed ball">Passed ball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sabermetrics" title="Sabermetrics">Sabermetrics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjusted_ERA%2B" title="Adjusted ERA+">Adjusted ERA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_runs" title="Base runs">Base runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_on_balls_in_play" title="Batting average on balls in play">Batting average on balls in play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_park_factor" title="Batting park factor">Batting park factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catcher%27s_ERA" title="Catcher's ERA">Catcher's ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_Runs_Saved" title="Defensive Runs Saved">Defensive Runs Saved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_velocity" title="Exit velocity">Exit velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrapolated_Runs" title="Extrapolated Runs">Extrapolated Runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielding_independent_pitching" title="Fielding independent pitching">Fielding independent pitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_score" title="Game score">Game score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Isolated Power">Isolated Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffe_Wins_Above_Replacement_Score" title="Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score">Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_time" title="Pop time">Pop time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power%E2%80%93speed_number" title="Power–speed number">Power–speed number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_factor" title="Range factor">Range factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runs_created" title="Runs created">Runs created</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runs_produced" title="Runs produced">Runs produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_average" title="Secondary average">Secondary average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_Score" title="Speed Score">Speed Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NERD_(sabermetrics)" title="NERD (sabermetrics)">NERD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_zone_plays_made" title="Out of zone plays made">Out of zone plays made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_zone_rating" title="Ultimate zone rating">Ultimate zone rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_over_replacement_player" title="Value over replacement player">Value over replacement player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOBA" title="WOBA">Weighted on-base average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wins_Above_Replacement" title="Wins Above Replacement">Wins Above Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Win_probability_added" title="Win probability added">Win probability added</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Win_Shares" title="Win Shares">Win Shares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baseball_and_softball_concepts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball" title="Template:Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball" title="Template talk:Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_and_softball_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_baseball" title="Outline of baseball">Outline</a></b> · <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Glossary</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules" title="Baseball rules">Rules of baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejection_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejection (baseball)">Ejections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rules" title="Ground rules">Ground rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_flight" title="In flight">In flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_clock" title="Pitch clock">Pitch clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protested_game" title="Protested game">Protested game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_game" title="Suspended game">Suspended game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unwritten_rules_of_baseball" title="Unwritten rules of baseball">Unwritten rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_baseball" title="Cheating in baseball">Cheating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_baseball_and_softball" title="Comparison of baseball and softball">Comparison of baseball and softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">fastpitch softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch softball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballpark" title="Ballpark">Ballpark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstop_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backstop (baseball)">Backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">Baseball diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's box">Batter's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_eye" title="Batter's eye">Batter's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullpen" title="Bullpen">Bullpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(baseball)" title="Dugout (baseball)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul pole">Foul pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield" title="Infield">Infield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfield" title="Outfield">Outfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warning_track" title="Warning track">Warning track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_clothing_and_equipment" title="Baseball clothing and equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_(ball)" title="Baseball (ball)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_cage" title="Batting cage">Batting cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_glove" title="Batting glove">Batting glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_doughnut" title="Baseball doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_glove" title="Baseball glove">Glove (defense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_machine" title="Pitching machine">Pitching machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockstrap#Protective_cup" title="Jockstrap">Protective cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_guard" title="Shin guard">Shin guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_stirrups" title="Baseball stirrups">Stirrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_number_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Uniform number (Major League Baseball)">Uniform number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">Batting order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inning" title="Inning">Innings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extra_innings" title="Extra innings">extra innings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positions" title="Baseball positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_of_play" title="Pace of play">Pace of play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">Batting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_bat" title="At bat">At bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore chop">Baltimore chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_flip" title="Bat flip">Bat flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batted_ball" title="Batted ball">Batted ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_(baseball)" title="Count (baseball)">Batting count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_out_of_turn" title="Batting out of turn">Batting out of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">Bunt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">sacrifice bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_bunt" title="Slap bunt">slap bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">squeeze play</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charging_the_mound" title="Charging the mound">Charging the mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checked_swing" title="Checked swing">Checked swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanup_hitter" title="Cleanup hitter">Cleanup hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_switch_(baseball)" title="Double switch (baseball)">Double switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_tip" title="Foul tip">Foul tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_sombrero" title="Golden sombrero">Golden sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rule_double" title="Ground rule double">Ground rule double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat-trick#Baseball" title="Hat-trick">Hat trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">Hit by pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_for_the_cycle" title="Hitting for the cycle">Hitting for the cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">Grand slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run" title="Inside-the-park home run">Inside-the-park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk-off_home_run" title="Walk-off home run">Walk-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshot_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonshot (baseball)">Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_home_run" title="Chinese home run">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_hit" title="Infield hit">Infield hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadoff_hitter" title="Leadoff hitter">Leadoff hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefty-righty_switch" title="Lefty-righty switch">Lefty-righty switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Line drive">Line drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Line" title="Mendoza Line">Mendoza Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">Plate appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_system" title="Platoon system">Platoon system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_hitter" title="Pull hitter">Pull hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">Sacrifice fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">Single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_spot_(sports)" title="Sweet spot (sports)">Sweet spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_hitter" title="Switch hitter">Switch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">Triple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">Pitching</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(softball)" title="Pitch (softball)">(softball)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">Beanball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">Breaking ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">Brushback pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">Changeup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_changeup" title="Vulcan changeup">Vulcan changeup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">Curveball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eephus_pitch" title="Eephus pitch">Eephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_ball" title="Emery ball">Emery ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">Fastball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-seam_fastball" title="Two-seam fastball">two-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-seam_fastball" title="Four-seam fastball">four-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_fastball" title="Cut fastball">cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinker_(pitch)" title="Sinker (pitch)">sinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-finger_fastball" title="Split-finger fastball">split-finger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Full count">Full count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning" title="List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning">Immaculate inning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_pitching" title="Inside pitching">Inside pitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_balk" title="Intentional balk">Intentional balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls" title="Intentional base on balls">Intentional walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball" title="Knuckleball">Knuckleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddux_(statistic)" title="Maddux (statistic)">Maddux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hitter" title="No-hitter">No-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">Perfect game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_count" title="Pitch count">Pitch count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_position" title="Pitching position">Pitching position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchout" title="Pitchout">Pitchout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick pitch">Quick pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball" title="Screwball">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutout_(baseball)" title="Shutout (baseball)">Shutout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(pitch)" title="Slider (pitch)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">Spitball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_out_the_side" title="Striking out the side">Striking out the side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_pitcher" title="Switch pitcher">Switch pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_of_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Time of pitch">Time of pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Base running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_loaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Bases loaded">Bases loaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_off" title="Lead off">Lead off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_on_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Left on base">Left on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstruction_(baseball)" title="Obstruction (baseball)">Obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_(baseball)" title="Safe (baseball)">Safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_position" title="Scoring position">Scoring position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(baseball)" title="Slide (baseball)">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_ball_(baseball)" title="Small ball (baseball)">Small ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_up" title="Tag up">Tag up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_goes_to_the_runner" title="Tie goes to the runner">Tie goes to the runner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fielding<br /><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positioning" title="Baseball positioning">(positioning)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_play" title="Appeal play">Appeal play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(baseball)" title="Assist (baseball)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_the_plate" title="Blocking the plate">Blocking the plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_(baseball)" title="Catch (baseball)">Catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covering_a_base" title="Covering a base">Covering a base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_indifference" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive indifference">Defensive indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_play" title="Double play">Double play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">Error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice" title="Fielder's choice">Fielder's choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_infielder" title="Fifth infielder">Fifth infielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_play" title="Force play">Force play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_out" title="Fourth out">Fourth out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_ball_trick" title="Hidden ball trick">Hidden ball trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-between_hop" title="In-between hop">In-between hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_shift" title="Infield shift">Infield shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_play" title="Neighborhood play">Neighborhood play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_ball" title="Passed ball">Passed ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putout" title="Putout">Putout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_out" title="Tag out">Tag out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">Triple play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unassisted_triple_play" title="Unassisted triple play">unassisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaught_third_strike" title="Uncaught third strike">Uncaught third strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_climb" title="Wall climb">Wall climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_play" title="Wheel play">Wheel play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_card" title="Baseball card">Baseball card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench jockey">Bench jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench-clearing_brawl" title="Bench-clearing brawl">Bench-clearing brawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_ball#Baseball" title="Dead ball">Dead ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleheader_(baseball)" title="Doubleheader (baseball)">Doubleheader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injured_list" title="Injured list">Injured list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_films" title="List of baseball films">List of baseball films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_(baseball)" title="Pepper (baseball)">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping" title="Baseball scorekeeping">Scorekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_(baseball)" title="Series (baseball)">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-inning_stretch" title="Seventh-inning stretch">Seventh-inning stretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagging_(baseball)" title="Shagging (baseball)">Shagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_stealing" title="Sign stealing">Sign stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slump_(sports)" title="Slump (sports)">Slump</a></li> <li>Streak <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Losing_streak#Baseball" title="Losing streak">losing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winning_streak#Baseball" title="Winning streak">winning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Variations of baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball" title="Category:Baseball">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Baseball" title="Portal:Baseball">Portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Baseball" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Baseball">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&oldid=1240900989">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&oldid=1240900989</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Batting_statistics" title="Category:Batting statistics">Batting statistics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_May_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2024">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2023">Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 August 2024, at 03:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batting_average_(baseball)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-pnlkl","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.604","walltime":"0.734","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3252,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":124219,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2973,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":191923,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 568.231 1 -total"," 46.58% 264.674 2 Template:Reflist"," 33.86% 192.384 42 Template:Cite_web"," 15.85% 90.063 2 Template:Navbox"," 12.80% 72.757 1 Template:Baseball_statistics"," 10.28% 58.404 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.10% 51.705 7 Template:Main_other"," 7.82% 44.456 1 Template:Update"," 6.94% 39.428 1 Template:Ambox"," 6.50% 36.947 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.358","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6117193,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qmvs7","timestamp":"20241122144058","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Batting average (baseball)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batting_average_(baseball)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q60739794","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q60739794","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-08-09T17:37:05Z","dateModified":"2024-08-18T03:44:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cd\/Reggie_Jackson_bats_at_Yankee_Stadium.jpg","headline":"measure of baseball player's performance over a season"}</script> </body> </html>