Sustainability | An Open Access Journal from MDPI

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value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. 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Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life 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Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > 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Toxics </option> <option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind 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5-Year Impact Factor: 3.6 (2023) </div> <div> <a href="/journal/sustainability/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i> Imprint Information </a>    <a href="/journal/sustainability/sustainability_flyer.pdf" class="UD_JournalFlyer"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">get_app</i> Journal Flyer </a>     <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess"> <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i> Open Access </a>     <strong> ISSN: 2071-1050 </strong> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active"> <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 3424 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249/pdf?version=1732328555" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of PM2.5 and Its Microbiological Composition in a Fattening Pig House" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249">Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Its Microbiological Composition in a Fattening Pig House</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingfeng Tang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yue Jian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiaming Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kun Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qiong Tan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Run Zhao</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10249; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310249 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in pig houses and the microorganisms in PM<sub>2.5</sub> restrict the sustainable development of the pig industry and have a negative influence on environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and diel microbial composition of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10249/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in pig houses and the microorganisms in PM<sub>2.5</sub> restrict the sustainable development of the pig industry and have a negative influence on environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and diel microbial composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in fattening pig sheds and explore how changes in the diel microbial composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> correlate with environmental factors and sources. To this end, environmental data from a fattening pig house were monitored, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, feed, and faecal particles were examined using electron microscopy. Additionally, the bacterial and fungal assemblages contained in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were analysed using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. The results showed that NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, temperature, and relative humidity were significantly higher at night than during the day. PM<sub>2.5</sub> particles from the fattening pig house exhibited different morphologies such as spherical, flocculent, and chain structures. The microbial diversity and bacterial assemblage showed significant variations, which were related to diel environmental factors in the fattening house. In addition, faeces may be the main source of airborne bacteria and feed may be the main source of airborne fungi in fattening houses. These findings provide a scientific basis for exploring the potential risks of the morphological characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its microbial composition to human and animal health. Additionally, they contribute to the sustainable development of the pig industry and the protection of the environment. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/waste_recycling_sus">Waste and Recycling</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10249/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527533"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527533"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527533" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527533" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527533" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g001-550.jpg?1732328627" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527533" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g002-550.jpg?1732328630'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g003-550.jpg?1732328633'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g004-550.jpg?1732328634'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g005-550.jpg?1732328634'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g006-550.jpg?1732328635'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g007-550.jpg?1732328636'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g008-550.jpg?1732328637'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g009-550.jpg?1732328639'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527533-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g001-550.jpg?1732328627" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Monitoring points for environmental factors in the pigsty and PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling points.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g002-550.jpg?1732328630" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Summary data from the 24 h monitoring of the pig house. (<b>a</b>) NH<sub>3</sub>, (<b>b</b>) TSP, (<b>c</b>) CO<sub>2</sub>, (<b>d</b>) wind speed, (<b>e</b>) temperature, and (<b>f</b>) relative humidity.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g003-550.jpg?1732328633" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Micro-morphology of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the pigsty. (<b>a</b>) Overall morphology of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in pigsties, (<b>b</b>) smooth-surfaced spherical particles, (<b>c</b>) rough-surfaced spherical particles, (<b>d</b>) flocculent particles, (<b>e</b>) chain-like particles, (<b>f</b>) flaky particles, (<b>g</b>) lumpy particles, (<b>h</b>) rod-shaped particles, and (<b>i</b>) irregularly shaped particles.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g004-550.jpg?1732328634" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Microscopic morphology of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, feedstuff, and faeces in the pigsty. (<b>a</b>) PM<sub>2.5</sub>, (<b>b</b>) feedstuff, and (<b>c</b>) faeces.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g005-550.jpg?1732328634" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of bacterial and fungal β-diversity among different samples. (<b>a</b>) The bacterial PCoA analysis and (<b>b</b>) the fungal PCoA analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g006-550.jpg?1732328635" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Composition of bacterial communities in different PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples. (<b>a</b>) The bacterial composition at the phylum level and (<b>b</b>) the 10 most dominant bacterial composition at the genera level.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g007-550.jpg?1732328636" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Composition of fungal communities in different PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples. (<b>a</b>) The fungal composition at the phylum level and (<b>b</b>) the 10 most dominant fungal composition at the genera level.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g008-550.jpg?1732328637" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Correlation analysis between microbial composition and environmental factors. (<b>a</b>) The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the association between bacterial assemblage and microclimate variables. (<b>b</b>) The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the association between fungal assemblage and microclimate variables.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g009-550.jpg?1732328639" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Cluster heatmap of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, feed, and faecal samples in the pigsty. (<b>a</b>) Bacteria and (<b>b</b>) fungi.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extending-content content-ready"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527529" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527529" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527529" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/s1?version=1732327058"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 2614 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 5987 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732327057" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248">The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Elena Perez-Lopez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alejandro Leal-Saenz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10248; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The juniper (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The juniper (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes of death of these specimens. The work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory, where in the former the surface of the damaged trees was identified, together with the changes observed in the watercourses. In the latter, sabino seedlings were transported to the work center and exposed for 7 days in containers with gravel to five types of wastewater generated in the region. With the above, the conditions experienced by the adult trees in the field were studied, as well as the sensitivity of the young specimens to the types of water quality, and the differences were validated with ANOVA tests. Five sites with dead junipers were found, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 ha, with ages between 200 and 400 years. It was found that during the dry season, water is diverted to irrigated areas, leaving some areas without water for several months. The shoots survived in most of the water qualities, except the one with high salinity (3.34 mS/cm). It is concluded that the lack of water in the rivers had a stronger influence than the water quality and is the probable cause of the death of the sabino. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527529"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527529"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527529" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527529" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527529" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001-550.jpg?1732327209" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527529" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002-550.jpg?1732327212'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003-550.jpg?1732327214'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004-550.jpg?1732327218'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005-550.jpg?1732327220'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006-550.jpg?1732327221'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527529-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001-550.jpg?1732327209" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Main water currents of the San Pedro–Mezquital basin.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002-550.jpg?1732327212" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Containers used to determine the tolerance of seedlings to water quality changes. Each one contained three individuals.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003-550.jpg?1732327214" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of sabino seedling survival tests to water quality types.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004-550.jpg?1732327218" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The location of the gallery forest is made up of sabino trees.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005-550.jpg?1732327220" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Percentages of TVS removal. The same letters indicate statistically equal values (α = 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006-550.jpg?1732327221" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Changes in seedling height; differences were not statistically significant (α = 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527525" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527525" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527525" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247/s1?version=1732324208"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 41 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 3231 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247/pdf?version=1732324207" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption Among Rice Farmers: Enhancing Sustainability" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247">Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption Among Rice Farmers: Enhancing Sustainability</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shreesha Pandeya</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aarju Gajurel</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Binayak P. Mishra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kedar Devkota</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Buddhi R. Gyawali</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Suraj Upadhaya</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10247; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310247 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The use of conventional farming methods, excessive reliance on fertilizers and inputs, and abrupt shifts in climate have raised significant concerns regarding global agricultural production, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. Agriculture products such as rice hold significant importance in Nepal’s agriculture and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10247/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The use of conventional farming methods, excessive reliance on fertilizers and inputs, and abrupt shifts in climate have raised significant concerns regarding global agricultural production, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. Agriculture products such as rice hold significant importance in Nepal’s agriculture and economy, serving as a staple food and a crucial source of livelihood for its population. Sustainable cultivation and enhancing productivity are imperative for ensuring food security and economic stability in the country. Adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices can minimize detrimental effects, promote sustainability, and enhance resilience towards climate change. We surveyed 200 farmers across four municipalities in the Chitwan District of Nepal to explore the prevalence and socio-economic drivers of the adoption of CSA practices, which include stress-tolerant varieties, efficient water management, and diversified cropping, among others. The results revealed that the adoption of pest-resistant plant varieties was a common CSA practice in the study area. Logistic regression results revealed that the adoption of CSA practices increases with an increase in the education of farmers and membership of climate-related organizations. Similarly, the adoption of CSA practices is negatively associated with an increase in farm size, farmers’ farming experience, and their access to credit facilities. Short-term courses and training could be initiated as a complement to formal education to maximize the adoption of CSA practices. Similarly, climate and farmer-related organizations should be further strengthened to maximize their capacity to facilitate more farmers and provide need-based, timely information flow. This study highlights the potential of CSA to promote sustainability and enhance resilience to climate change, but also identifies barriers such as credit access and the need for tailored policy interventions. Our findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of CSA adoption in vulnerable agricultural settings and can guide future strategies to promote sustainability and climate resilience in smallholder farming communities in developing countries. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/agriculture_food_and_wildlife">Sustainable Agriculture</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10247/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527525-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10247/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10247-g001-550.jpg?1732324352" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1527525-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10247/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10247-g001-550.jpg?1732324352" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location of the study area (<b>C</b>) within Chitwan district (<b>B</b>) of Nepal (<b>A</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10247'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 3567 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10246/pdf?version=1732293284" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Advancing Sustainable Practices in Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review on Material Waste Recyclability" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10246">Advancing Sustainable Practices in Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review on Material Waste Recyclability</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Geena Prasad</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>H. Arunav</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>S. Dwight</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Madhav B. Ghosh</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ayona Jayadev</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Deepa Indira Nair</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10246; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310246">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310246</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This review investigates the pivotal challenge of recycling material waste in the context of additive manufacturing. We place an emphasis on decentralized 3D printing, shedding light on its environmental and economic implications. As additive manufacturing experiences exponential growth, the environment impact of waste <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10246/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This review investigates the pivotal challenge of recycling material waste in the context of additive manufacturing. We place an emphasis on decentralized 3D printing, shedding light on its environmental and economic implications. As additive manufacturing experiences exponential growth, the environment impact of waste generation during 3D printing processes has become increasingly significant. This paper explores various recycled materials commonly used in 3D printing, including polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), evaluating their characteristics and usability. General recycling methodologies, encompassing mechanical and chemical processes, are examined, with attention paid to challenges such as polymer sorting, additives, coatings, contamination, and thermoset reprocessing. The economic, societal, and environmental impacts of integrating recycled materials into 3D printing are examined. By identifying research gaps and proposing future trends, this review contributes to the development of a deeper understanding of how recycling can play a pivotal role in achieving environmental sustainability and economic viability within the decentralized 3D printing landscape. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10246">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Collection <a href=" /journal/sustainability/topical_collections/137T0YP5V6 ">Recovery and Recycling from Waste Streams</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10246/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527509"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527509"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527509" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527509" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527509" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527509-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g001-550.jpg?1732293381" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527509" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527509-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g002-550.jpg?1732293382'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527509-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g003-550.jpg?1732293383'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527509-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g004-550.jpg?1732293385'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527509-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g005-550.jpg?1732293385'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527509-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g001-550.jpg?1732293381" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>General recycling methodology for additive manufacturing.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g002-550.jpg?1732293382" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Various steps in plastic recycling. (<b>B</b>) Various tools utilized in each step. (<b>C</b>) Shredded plastic. Reproduced with permission from ref. [<a href="#B26-sustainability-16-10246" class="html-bibr">26</a>] and with permission from Elsevier, 2024, Arunav H.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g003-550.jpg?1732293383" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Circular economy. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B48-sustainability-16-10246" class="html-bibr">48</a>] and with permission from Elsevier, 2024, Arunav H.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g004-550.jpg?1732293385" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Number of publications vs. the year—generated from the Scopus Database [‘TITLE-ABS-KEY (((additive AND manufacturing) OR (3d AND printing)) AND (recycling OR sustainable OR (material AND waste)))’].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10246/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10246-g005-550.jpg?1732293385" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Country vs. number of publications—generated from the Scopus Database [‘TITLE-ABS-KEY ((additive AND manufacturing) OR (3d AND printing)) AND ((recycling OR sustainable OR material AND waste))’].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 526 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10245/pdf?version=1732294180" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Does Information Transparency Moderate the Relationship Between ESG and Green Innovation? Empirical Evidence from China" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10245">Does Information Transparency Moderate the Relationship Between ESG and Green Innovation? Empirical Evidence from China</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mengdi Qin</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eunmi Tatum Lee</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10245; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310245">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310245</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The results regarding whether the relationship between environmental, social, and governance activities and green innovation is linear or non-linear are inconsistent. Therefore, by drawing on stakeholder theory and neoclassical perspective, we re-examined the relationship and con-firmed the non-linear relationship between environmental, social, and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10245/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The results regarding whether the relationship between environmental, social, and governance activities and green innovation is linear or non-linear are inconsistent. Therefore, by drawing on stakeholder theory and neoclassical perspective, we re-examined the relationship and con-firmed the non-linear relationship between environmental, social, and governance activities and green innovation, which constitutes the academic contribution of this paper. In particular, we investigated the moderating effect of information transparency on the relationship by constructing an index using five indicators from Chinese databases. By merging Chinese local databases, more than 3000 companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China were analyzed, with the fixed-effect estimation methods confirming a U-shaped relationship. The results further showed that information transparency strengthens the U-shaped relationship between environmental, social, and governance activities and green innovation. Our study provides an important implication that a high level of information transparency enhances this relationship in emerging economies such as China, where information transparency is relatively less developed. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10245">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/management_aspects_of_sustainability">Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527479" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527479" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527479" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10244/s1?version=1732291841"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 234 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 1163 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10244/pdf?version=1732291841" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Historical and Future Changes in Water Temperature in the Pilica River (Central Europe) in Response to Global Warming" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10244">Historical and Future Changes in Water Temperature in the Pilica River (Central Europe) in Response to Global Warming</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mariusz Ptak</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mariusz Sojka</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10244; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310244">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310244</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study analyzes changes in the water temperature in the Pilica River (Poland), encompassing both historical data (1958–2023) and projections extending to the year 2100. We use multi-model ensembles (MMEs) with Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to integrate various Global Climate Model (GCM) datasets <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10244/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study analyzes changes in the water temperature in the Pilica River (Poland), encompassing both historical data (1958–2023) and projections extending to the year 2100. We use multi-model ensembles (MMEs) with Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to integrate various Global Climate Model (GCM) datasets for current and projected climate data. Additionally, a Random Forest (RF) machine learning method is applied to project future water temperatures in the Pilica River. It has been demonstrated that over a period of more than sixty years, the average annual water temperature has increased by nearly 2 °C. Further changes are expected to continue in a similar direction with a gradual rise in this parameter, reaching a temperature increase of 3 °C by the end of the 21st century (SSP585). In the distant future, with average monthly water temperature changes at the Przedbórz station ranging from 0.27 °C to 0.87 °C·decade<sup>−1</sup> and at the Białobrzegi station from 0.22 °C to 1.06 °C·decade<sup>−1</sup>. The results of these changes are concerning, especially considering the crucial role of water temperature in shaping seasonality and the dynamics of processes occurring within the river. In the context of the sustainability of the river itself, but also of the entire catchment area, strategies developed by relevant public administration bodies are needed to mitigate the impacts of global warming observed in the thermal regime of the Pilica River. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10244">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 1842 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10243/pdf?version=1732291160" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Resilience Assessment of Flood Disasters in Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area Based on the PSR Model" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10243">Resilience Assessment of Flood Disasters in Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area Based on the PSR Model</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shubo Cheng</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haoying Li</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10243; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310243">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310243</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Flood disasters occur frequently and cause great losses. Improving the resilience of urban flood disasters is of great significance to improving disaster prevention and mitigation in the region. The metropolitan area is the center of regional economic development and the key to strengthening <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10243/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Flood disasters occur frequently and cause great losses. Improving the resilience of urban flood disasters is of great significance to improving disaster prevention and mitigation in the region. The metropolitan area is the center of regional economic development and the key to strengthening the construction of local resilience. However, there is little research on resilience in the metropolitan area. Taking nine cities in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area as the research object, this paper uses the pressure state response (PSR) model to build the evaluation system of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area’s flood disaster resilience and comprehensively uses the entropy weight method, analytic hierarchy process, kernel density estimation method, and factor contribution model to measure the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Zhengzhou metropolitan area’s flood disaster resilience from 2010 to 2022, excavating the development trend of the level of flood disaster resilience of members in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area, and explore the driving factors affecting the resilience of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area’s flood disaster. The results show that (1) from 2010 to 2022, the development trend of flood disaster resilience among the Zhengzhou metropolitan area members has obvious differences, the change of pressure resilience is stable, and the state resilience and response resilience increase as a whole; (2) the results show that the resilience of flood disaster in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area has obvious change characteristics in time and space, and the overall trend is to take Zhengzhou as the core to drive the surrounding members’ upward development; (3) in the driving factor analysis, the number of ordinary colleges and universities and the proportion of public security expenditure in fiscal expenditure are the main influencing factors in the resilience evaluation index. The Zhengzhou metropolitan area is the key area of economic development in Henan Province. The research results provide a reference for improving the resilience level of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area and strengthening the prevention and control of flood disasters. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10243">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 27 pages, 673 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10242/pdf?version=1732288789" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Does Carbon Emission Trading Affect China’s Green Innovation? An Exploration from the Perspective of the Enterprise Lifecycle" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10242">Does Carbon Emission Trading Affect China’s Green Innovation? An Exploration from the Perspective of the Enterprise Lifecycle</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cuiyun Gao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xin Li</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Junjie Hou</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10242; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310242">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310242</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> At different lifecycle stages, enterprises possess differentiated resource endowments and innovation needs, leading to variations in the effect of carbon emission trading policies on their green innovation. This study analyzes the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on green innovation, using A-share <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10242/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> At different lifecycle stages, enterprises possess differentiated resource endowments and innovation needs, leading to variations in the effect of carbon emission trading policies on their green innovation. This study analyzes the impact of China’s carbon emission trading policy on green innovation, using A-share listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen between 2010 and 2022 as samples, from the perspective of the enterprise lifecycle. The results validate the Porter hypothesis, showing that the policy stimulates green innovation, especially in the growth and maturity stages of enterprises. However, the extent of this impact varies across enterprise scale heterogeneity, heterogeneity in the proportion of independent directors, heterogeneity in the level of green innovation and regional heterogeneity. The carbon emission trading policies can mitigate financing constraints and improve capital investment to foster green innovation, especially for mature enterprises. The findings not only enhance the theoretical investigation of flexible market-oriented environmental regulatory mechanisms but also provide valuable insights for advancing the growth of China’s low-carbon economy. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10242">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 27 pages, 24515 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10241/pdf?version=1732287296" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Decoding Tianjin: How Does Urban Form Shape the Diurnal Cycle of Surface Temperature?" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10241">Decoding Tianjin: How Does Urban Form Shape the Diurnal Cycle of Surface Temperature?</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ting Wei</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wei Li</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juan Tang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10241; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310241">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310241</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In the context of global climate change and the increasing severity of the urban heat island effect, it is particularly important to study the spatial variation mechanism of urban land surface temperature (LST). The LST data provided by ECOSTRESS offer a new perspective <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10241/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In the context of global climate change and the increasing severity of the urban heat island effect, it is particularly important to study the spatial variation mechanism of urban land surface temperature (LST). The LST data provided by ECOSTRESS offer a new perspective for deepening our understanding of the diurnal cycle and spatial variation of urban LST. In this study, based on a block scale, Tianjin is divided into nine block types, and a multi-scale geographic regression weighting (MGWR) model is used to comprehensively explore the relative contributions of urban 2D and 3D landscape indicators of different block types to the spatial changes in diurnal urban LST cycles. The results indicate that ① the thermal effect during the daytime is mainly influenced by the building density, while at night, it is more influenced by the building height and the heat retention effect; ② the building indicator and the water-body indicator had the most significant effect on surface temperature at different observation times; ③ the influence of urban morphology on land surface temperature shows significant spatial non-stationarity across different block types. This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms driving urban heat island formation and provides a scientific basis for urban authorities to develop more effective urban planning and heat island mitigation strategies. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10241">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10241/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527383"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527383"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527383" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527383" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527383" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g001-550.jpg?1732287370" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527383" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g002-550.jpg?1732287371'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g003-550.jpg?1732287372'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g004-550.jpg?1732287373'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g005-550.jpg?1732287375'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g006-550.jpg?1732287376'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g007a-550.jpg?1732287378'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g007b-550.jpg?1732287379'><p>Figure 7 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527383-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g008-550.jpg?1732287383'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527383-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g001-550.jpg?1732287370" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Geographic location of the study area and Sentinel-2 image of 23 September 2023.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g002-550.jpg?1732287371" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Block spatial distribution map.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g003-550.jpg?1732287372" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Climatological series plot of monthly mean temperature and monthly rainfall totals from January 2019 to October 2024 for Tianjin.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g004-550.jpg?1732287373" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Spatial variation map of diurnal LST.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g005-550.jpg?1732287375" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Spatial variation of diurnal LST for different block types at different observation times.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g006-550.jpg?1732287376" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>GWR and MGWR model performance.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g007a-550.jpg?1732287378" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Plot of estimated regression coefficients of urban characteristic factors for each block at different observation times.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g007b-550.jpg?1732287379" title=" <strong>Figure 7 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Plot of estimated regression coefficients of urban characteristic factors for each block at different observation times.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10241/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10241-g008-550.jpg?1732287383" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Spatial distribution of regression coefficients of dominant factors in each block at different observation times.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 27 pages, 1616 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10240/pdf?version=1732286930" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Evaluating the Anti-Corruption Factor in Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices by Sampling Large Financial Asset Management Firms" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10240">Evaluating the Anti-Corruption Factor in Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices by Sampling Large Financial Asset Management Firms</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kenneth David Strang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Narasimha Rao Vajjhala</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10240; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310240">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310240</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Current Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indices are flawed because the data are incomplete and not reported consistently, and some measured factors may be irrelevant to the industry. Regulators in the financial services industry emphasize reporting CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (environmental factor), yet the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10240/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Current Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indices are flawed because the data are incomplete and not reported consistently, and some measured factors may be irrelevant to the industry. Regulators in the financial services industry emphasize reporting CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (environmental factor), yet the key resources leveraged for production are rented offices, and internet–governance issues like money laundering, corruption, and unethical behavior would be more relevant. To investigate this problem, we sampled the finance and insurance industry firms in the USA with the greatest economic impact, i.e., those managing at least USD 1 trillion in assets. We used artificial intelligence to collect data about undisclosed legal decisions against firms to measure the ESG anti-corruption governance factor GRI 206-1, defined by the Global Reporting Institute (GRI) for global sustainable development goals (SDGs), which correspond to the United Nations’ SDGs. We applied Bayesian correlation with bootstrapping to test our hypotheses, followed by root cause analysis. We found that ESG ratings from providers did not reflect legal cases decided against firms; the Bayesian BF<sub>+0</sub> odds ratio was 3005 (99% confidence intervals were 0.617, 0.965). Also, misconduct fines and arbitration legal case counts were significantly related for the same firm (the Vovk-Selke maximum p-ratio was 4411), but most ESG scores were significantly different for the same firm. We found three other studies in the literature that corroborated some of our findings that specific firms in our sample were considered to be unethical. We propose deeper study of the implications related to our findings based on public interest and stakeholder theory. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10240">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/sustainability/special_issues/860230PWQ5 ">Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance Assessment, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10240/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527369"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527369"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527369" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527369" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527369" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527369-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10240/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10240-g001-550.jpg?1732287014" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527369" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527369-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10240/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10240-g002-550.jpg?1732287015'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527369-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10240/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10240-g003-550.jpg?1732287017'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527369-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10240/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10240-g001-550.jpg?1732287014" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Descriptive comparison of ESG index companies in alphabetical order (N = 10).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10240/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10240-g002-550.jpg?1732287015" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Authors’ conceptual model of CSR four-factor 12-item ESG-like structure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10240/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10240-g003-550.jpg?1732287017" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Asset management company ESG ratings versus arbitration and misconduct legal proceedings (N = 14).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 531 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10239/pdf?version=1732286318" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effect of the Combined Application of Compost with the Spraying of Some Nano Fertilizers on the Performance of Mango" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10239">Effect of the Combined Application of Compost with the Spraying of Some Nano Fertilizers on the Performance of Mango</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Walid F. A. Mosa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adel M. Al-Saif</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lidia Sas-Paszt</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Krzysztof Górnik</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ragheb M. Eladly</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10239; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310239">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310239</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The overuse of chemical fertilizers can harm soil decomposition organisms, decrease mycorrhizal colonization, and suppress nitrogen fixation through excessive nitrogen application. It is also expensive and contributes to environmental degradation, ecosystem instability, and the accumulation of heavy metals in soils and crops. Therefore, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10239/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The overuse of chemical fertilizers can harm soil decomposition organisms, decrease mycorrhizal colonization, and suppress nitrogen fixation through excessive nitrogen application. It is also expensive and contributes to environmental degradation, ecosystem instability, and the accumulation of heavy metals in soils and crops. Therefore, it is important to the resurgence to apply organic fertilization and nano fertilizers to lessen the reliance on the utilization of chemical fertilizers, produce healthy products, improve fruit quality, maintain soil fertility and microbial biomass, and consequently improve soil fertility and fruit productivity. In the current study, organic compost was added to the soil at 0, 2, and 3 kg/tree singly and in combination with the spraying of nanoparticles from boron and zinc at 50, 100, and 150 mg/L and nano potassium (K) at 100, 200, and 300 mg/L. The results showed that the addition of 3 kg compost to the soil combined with 150 mg/L ZnO + 150 mg/L B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 300 mg/L K<sub>2</sub>O (T12), or 100 mg/L ZnO + 100 mg/L B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 200 mg/L K<sub>2</sub>O (T11), and the addition of 2 kg soil combined with 150 mg/L ZnO + 150 mg/L B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 300 mg/L K<sub>2</sub>O (T8) and with 100 mg/L ZnO + 100 mg/L B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 200 mg/L K<sub>2</sub>O (T7) greatly improved the vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, soil fertility, and nutritional status of the trees compared to the other applied treatments, and the addition of 3 kg compost to the soil combined with 150 mg/L ZnO + 150 mg/L B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 300 mg/L K<sub>2</sub>O (T12) was the superior formula in the two seasons. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10239">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 861 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10238/pdf?version=1732286114" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Economic Feasibility of Biogas Microgeneration from Food Waste: Potential for Sustainable Energy in Northeastern Brazil" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10238">Economic Feasibility of Biogas Microgeneration from Food Waste: Potential for Sustainable Energy in Northeastern Brazil</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iván D. Roa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jorge R. Henriquez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Emmanuel D. Dutra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rômulo S. C. Menezes</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Monaliza M. M. Andrade</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Edvaldo P. Santos Junior</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Luiz Célio S. Rocha</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paulo Rotella Junior</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10238; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310238">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310238</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study evaluates three scenarios’ technical and economic viability for implementing a microgeneration power plant using biogas derived from the anaerobic digestion of food waste. The case study focuses on the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) campus in Recife, northeastern (NE) Brazil, targeting <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10238/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study evaluates three scenarios’ technical and economic viability for implementing a microgeneration power plant using biogas derived from the anaerobic digestion of food waste. The case study focuses on the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) campus in Recife, northeastern (NE) Brazil, targeting the organic fraction of solid waste from food units (restaurants, canteens, and kiosks). The analysis was based on field data, the chemical composition of the waste, and the electric energy consumption. Biogas production of 166 m<sup>3</sup>/day from 1 ton/day of food waste was estimated using an anaerobic reactor of 126 m<sup>3</sup>. This amount of biogas could generate about 360 kWh/day of electricity if the plant operates at peak hours using a generator set with an alternative internal combustion engine of 120 kW, with a consumption of 66 m<sup>3</sup>/h and fuel efficiency of 30%. The system could generate 390 kWh/day of electrical energy using a microturbine, with a consumption of 78 m<sup>3</sup>/h and 30% efficiency. The scenario utilizing a tubular reactor and an internal combustion engine demonstrated the best economic viability. While this study focuses on financial aspects, the findings suggest significant potential contributions to sustainability, including reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and advancing renewable energy solutions. This model can be adapted for small NE Brazil municipalities, offering economic and environmental benefits. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10238">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/sustainability/special_issues/K63J23E9L4 ">Energy Transition, Energy Economics, and Environmental Sustainability</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 639 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10237/pdf?version=1732284261" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Early Urban Migration and Long-Term Settlement Intention: Evidence from Migrants in China" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10237">Early Urban Migration and Long-Term Settlement Intention: Evidence from Migrants in China</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jun Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Honghong Wei</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhengdong Zuo</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10237; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310237">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310237</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In recent years, with the further advancement of China’s urbanization process and the continued expansion of its migrants, increasing attention has been directed toward migrants’ intentions to settle and their integration into host cities. However, the role of early urban experiences on migrants’ <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10237/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In recent years, with the further advancement of China’s urbanization process and the continued expansion of its migrants, increasing attention has been directed toward migrants’ intentions to settle and their integration into host cities. However, the role of early urban experiences on migrants’ long-term residence intention remains unclear. Using data from the Chinese Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey, we examine the impact of age at first migration on the long-term settlement intention of migrants in China and the underlying influencing mechanisms. We find that migrants who migrate to cities at a younger age have higher intentions to settle in cities. The mechanism analysis suggests that migrating to cities at a younger age facilitates social integration, promotes the convergence of habits and improves dialect proficiency. Moreover, a heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effects of early city migration on long-term settlement intentions are more pronounced among migrants who migrate less frequently, are unmarried and have resided in the local area for a longer period. Further study shows that early migration to cities also positively impacts the settlement intention involving the transfer of one’s household registration (hukou) status. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10237">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/urban_and_rural_development">Sustainable Urban and Rural Development</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10237/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527287"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527287"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527287" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527287" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527287" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527287-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10237/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10237-g001-550.jpg?1732284404" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527287" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527287-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10237/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10237-g002-550.jpg?1732284406'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527287-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10237/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10237-g001-550.jpg?1732284404" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The channels of early migration to cities on migrants’ entrepreneurship.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10237/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10237-g002-550.jpg?1732284406" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between the age at first migration and migrants’ long-term residence intention.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 34 pages, 4764 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10236/pdf?version=1732283840" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Multi-Party Collaboration in Agricultural Green Technology Innovation and Adoption: An Evolutionary Game Approach" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10236">Multi-Party Collaboration in Agricultural Green Technology Innovation and Adoption: An Evolutionary Game Approach</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xueli Ma</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tianyuan Ren</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sardar M. N. Islam</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10236; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310236">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310236</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The collaborative promotion of agricultural green technology innovation and adoption (AGTIA) is essential for achieving green agriculture. However, there remains a need to raise both innovation and adoption levels, necessitating explorations of the effects of government subsidies and collaborative mechanisms. To this end, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10236/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The collaborative promotion of agricultural green technology innovation and adoption (AGTIA) is essential for achieving green agriculture. However, there remains a need to raise both innovation and adoption levels, necessitating explorations of the effects of government subsidies and collaborative mechanisms. To this end, this paper builds an evolutionary game model to analyze the collaborative promotion of AGTIA. By introducing relevant parameters, such as government subsidies for AGTIA, dividends and liquidated damages within industrial technology innovation alliances (ITISAs), and cost reduction coefficients, this paper explores the impacts of the technology spillover effect, price premium of green agricultural products, and government subsidies on the strategic choices of related participants. The main findings are as follows: (1) The key factors influencing AGTIA are different and the government can implement different combinations of dynamic and static subsidy mechanisms at distinct stages of agricultural green development. Government subsidies play a major role at the initial stage, while ITISAs should take fuller advantage of AGTIA as green agriculture matures. (2) Increasing subsidies can promote AGTIA at the initial stage. However, an optimal range of subsidies exists, and when subsidies are higher than a certain threshold, government subsidy willingness fluctuations may lead to decreased stability. (3) There is a threshold of liquidated damages within ITISAs. Only when liquidated damages exceed the threshold can they facilitate the development of durable ITISAs and discourage free-rider behavior. The above findings can provide theoretical support for relevant government sectors when issuing policies to promote AGTIA and agricultural green development. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10236">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10236/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527277"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527277"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527277" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527277" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527277" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g001-550.jpg?1732283944" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527277" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g002-550.jpg?1732283945'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g003-550.jpg?1732283947'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g004-550.jpg?1732283948'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g005-550.jpg?1732283950'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g006-550.jpg?1732283951'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g007-550.jpg?1732283953'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g008-550.jpg?1732283954'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g009-550.jpg?1732283956'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g010-550.jpg?1732283958'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g011-550.jpg?1732283959'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g012-550.jpg?1732283960'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g013-550.jpg?1732283962'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g014-550.jpg?1732283964'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g015-550.jpg?1732283967'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g016-550.jpg?1732283968'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527277-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g017-550.jpg?1732283970'><p>Figure 17</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527277-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g001-550.jpg?1732283944" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The behavioral mechanism among the three participants in the AGTIA model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g002-550.jpg?1732283945" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The replicator dynamic phase diagrams for LAEs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g003-550.jpg?1732283947" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The replicator dynamic phase diagrams for cooperatives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g004-550.jpg?1732283948" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The replicator dynamic phase diagrams for the government.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g005-550.jpg?1732283950" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Evolution track of the system. (<b>a</b>) Evolution track of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>b</b>) evolution track of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo> </mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>c</b>) evolution track of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo> </mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g006-550.jpg?1732283951" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The effect of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolutionary stability strategies; (<b>a</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives; (<b>c</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of the government.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g007-550.jpg?1732283953" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The effect of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolutionary stability strategies. (<b>a</b>) The evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives; (<b>c</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of the government.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g008-550.jpg?1732283954" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The effect of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolutionary stability strategies. (<b>a</b>) The evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives; (<b>c</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of the government.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g009-550.jpg?1732283956" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Impact of green innovation subsidies. (<b>a</b>) The evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives; (<b>c</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of the government.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g010-550.jpg?1732283958" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Impact of green adoption subsidies. (<b>a</b>) The evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives; (<b>c</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of the government.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g011-550.jpg?1732283959" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Impact of the difference of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolution trajectory when <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.6</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>a</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g012-550.jpg?1732283960" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Impact of the <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolution trajectory when <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>a</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g013-550.jpg?1732283962" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Impact of the difference of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolution trajectory when <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>a</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g014-550.jpg?1732283964" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Impact of the difference of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> on evolution trajectory when <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>a</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of LAEs; (<b>b</b>) the evolutionary trajectory of cooperatives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g015-550.jpg?1732283967" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of game results under a dynamic subsidy mechanism and a static subsidy mechanism at the initial stage; (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>b</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>c</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>d</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g016-550.jpg?1732283968" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Game results under a dynamic subsidy mechanism and static subsidy mechanism at the developmental stage.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10236/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10236-g017-550.jpg?1732283970" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Game results under dynamic subsidy mechanisms and static subsidy mechanisms at the maturity stage; (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mo> </mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> under static subsidy mechanisms; (<b>b</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> <mo> </mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </semantics></math> under static subsidy mechanisms.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 1787 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10235/pdf?version=1732283696" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Integration of the Sustainable Development Goals into a Regional Development Plan in Indonesia" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10235">Integration of the Sustainable Development Goals into a Regional Development Plan in Indonesia</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anggi Aran Putra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hayati Sari Hasibuan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rudy Parluhutan Tambunan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lisa Meidiyanti Lautetu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10235; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310235">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310235</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study is about understanding how the values of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are integrated into regional development strategies in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to analyze the connection between the principles of the SDGs and elements of regional development. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10235/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study is about understanding how the values of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are integrated into regional development strategies in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to analyze the connection between the principles of the SDGs and elements of regional development. Data collection was conducted using the secondary data of SDG success indicators from 17 provinces in Indonesia, which were combined with the vision, mission, and regional development programs in the Regional Development Plan (RDP). We applied a content analysis of political, legal, fiscal, and administrative arrangements in the concept of localizing the SDGs. As a country that upholds the principle of autonomy and has committed to localizing the SDGs, Indonesia appears unable to promote sustainable development in the context of regional development strategies. Economic elements and governance remain the main paradigms of regional development. The very broad dimensions of sustainable development with limited resources mean that the regional development’s focus can only cover a small part of the SDGs. Therefore, multiparty support is crucial to strengthening the nuances of the SDGs in regional development strategies and localizing the norm of the SDGs is very important to strengthening the achievement of the SDGs in regional development. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10235">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 31 pages, 1807 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10234/pdf?version=1732282451" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Advanced Work Packaging (AWP): Implementation and Challenges in the Malaysian Oil and Gas Sector" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10234">Advanced Work Packaging (AWP): Implementation and Challenges in the Malaysian Oil and Gas Sector</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Muhammad Ali Musarat</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wesam Salah Alaloul</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohd Al-Azahary bin Abdullah Sani</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ng Wei Chong</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10234; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310234">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310234</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Advanced work packaging (AWP) is a new strategy for enhanced project delivery in the oil and gas sector and has proven to be effective and efficient. However, not all the stakeholders are fully aware of the guidelines and implementation approaches. On this basis, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10234/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Advanced work packaging (AWP) is a new strategy for enhanced project delivery in the oil and gas sector and has proven to be effective and efficient. However, not all the stakeholders are fully aware of the guidelines and implementation approaches. On this basis, this work focused on the implementation and challenges that are faced by the stakeholders of the oil and gas sector in Malaysia. Accordingly, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the field experts prior to the development of the questionnaire, which was distributed amongst the companies working in oil and gas following a mixed method. Analytical results showed that the majority of the respondents have heard about the AWP, but they have limited knowledge of its implementation. The foremost challenges that were highlighted are the ‘lack of AWP management knowledge’, ‘risk of miscommunication’, and ‘late/incorrect front-end deliverables’, which require vital attention. Therefore, a conceptual framework has been developed based on the top-ranked factors that will work as a guideline for the industrial stakeholders to understand and implement AWP in a better manner. This study will also help government institutions to foresee where the oil and gas industry is standing at the moment and what reforms are required to boost project delivery. In addition, the outcome is not only applicable in Malaysia but also to other ASEAN countries having similar practises in the oil and gas industry. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10234">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/sustainability/special_issues/NQRIYV8FW9 ">Advanced Research on Marine and Deep Oil & Gas Development</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 5372 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10233/pdf?version=1732282078" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Ecological Importance Evaluation and Ecological Function Zoning of Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10233">Ecological Importance Evaluation and Ecological Function Zoning of Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pengtao Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qixuan Duan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jie Dong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lichao Piao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhaoyang Cui</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10233; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310233">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310233</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Ecological importance evaluation can clearly identify the ecological service functions and ecological values of a region. This paper takes the Yanshan-Taihang Mountain area in Hebei Province as the research area, utilizing 2020 land use data. With the help of various analytical models and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10233/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Ecological importance evaluation can clearly identify the ecological service functions and ecological values of a region. This paper takes the Yanshan-Taihang Mountain area in Hebei Province as the research area, utilizing 2020 land use data. With the help of various analytical models and GIS spatial analysis methods, this paper selects water conservation, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, carbon sequestration and oxygen release to evaluate the importance of ecosystem services, and selects soil and water loss sensitivity and land desertification sensitivity to evaluate the ecological sensitivity, so as to identify the important areas of ecological protection in the study area, analyze their spatial change characteristics and divide the leading ecological functions according to the results. The results show that the moderately important and highly important areas in the Yanshan-Taihang region of Hebei Province account for more than 70% of the total study area. Based on the importance evaluation results, three types of dominant ecological function zones were obtained using self-organized feature mapping neural network analysis in the R language, and control measures were proposed. The research results can provide strategic support for local ecological protection and regional ecological restoration, as well as serving as a reference for the optimization of land spatial development patterns. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10233">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/Soil_Conservation_Sustainability">Soil Conservation and Sustainability</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10233/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527228"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527228"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527228" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527228" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527228" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527228-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g001-550.jpg?1732282198" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527228" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527228-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g002-550.jpg?1732282198'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527228-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g003-550.jpg?1732282200'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527228-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g004-550.jpg?1732282202'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527228-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g005-550.jpg?1732282203'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527228-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g006-550.jpg?1732282205'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527228-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g001-550.jpg?1732282198" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Overview of the study area.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10233'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g002-550.jpg?1732282198" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Group diagram of ecosystem service evaluation results. In the figure, (<b>a</b>) represents the evaluation result of water source conservation; (<b>b</b>) is the evaluation result of carbon fixation and oxygen release; (<b>c</b>) is the result of soil conservation evaluation; (<b>d</b>) is the evaluation result of biodiversity conservation and (<b>e</b>) shows the evaluation results of the importance of ecosystem service functions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10233'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g003-550.jpg?1732282200" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Group map of ecological sensitivity evaluation results. In the figure, (<b>a</b>) represents the evaluation result of soil erosion; (<b>b</b>) is the evaluation result of land desertification; (<b>c</b>) is the result of ecological sensitivity assessment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10233'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g004-550.jpg?1732282202" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Results of ecological importance evaluation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10233'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g005-550.jpg?1732282203" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>R language clustering output.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10233'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10233/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10233-g006-550.jpg?1732282205" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Partition result diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10233'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 9834 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10232/pdf?version=1732281166" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Development of a Traffic Congestion Prediction and Emergency Lane Development Strategy Based on Object Detection Algorithms" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10232">Development of a Traffic Congestion Prediction and Emergency Lane Development Strategy Based on Object Detection Algorithms</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chaokai Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hao Cheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rui Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Biyun Ren</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ye Zhu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ningbo Peng</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10232; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310232">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310232</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> With rapid economic development and a continuous increase in motor vehicle numbers, traffic congestion on highways has become increasingly severe, significantly impacting traffic efficiency and public safety. This paper proposes and investigates a traffic congestion prediction and emergency lane development strategy based on <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10232/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> With rapid economic development and a continuous increase in motor vehicle numbers, traffic congestion on highways has become increasingly severe, significantly impacting traffic efficiency and public safety. This paper proposes and investigates a traffic congestion prediction and emergency lane development strategy based on object detection algorithms. Firstly, the YOLOv11 object detection algorithm combined with the ByteTrack multi-object tracking algorithm is employed to extract traffic flow parameters—including traffic volume, speed, and density—from videos at four monitoring points on the Changshen Expressway in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. Subsequently, using an AdaBoost regression model, the traffic density of downstream road sections is predicted based on the density features of upstream sections. The model achieves a coefficient of determination <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of 0.968, a mean absolute error of 11.2 vehicles/km, and a root mean square error of 19.9 vehicles/km, indicating high prediction accuracy. Building on the interval occupancy rate model, this paper further analyzes the causes of traffic congestion and designs decision-making processes for the activation and deactivation of emergency lanes. By real-time monitoring and calculating the vehicle occupancy rate of the CD interval, threshold conditions for activating emergency lanes are determined. When the interval occupancy rate <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> exceeds 80%, the emergency lane is proactively opened. This method effectively alleviates traffic congestion and reduces congestion duration. Quantitative analysis shows that after activating the emergency lane, the congestion duration in the CD section decreases from 58 min to 30 min, the peak occupancy rate drops from 1 to 0.917, and the congestion duration is shortened by 48.3%. Additionally, for the Changshen Expressway, this paper proposes two optimization points for monitoring point layout, including setting up monitoring points in downstream sections and in the middle of the CD section, to further enhance the scientific and rational management of emergency lanes. The proposed strategy not only improves the real-time extraction and prediction accuracy of traffic flow parameters but also achieves dynamic management of emergency lanes through the interval occupancy rate model, thereby alleviating highway traffic congestion. This has significant practical application value. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10232">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10232/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527203"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527203"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527203" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527203" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527203" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g001-550.jpg?1732281277" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527203" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g002-550.jpg?1732281278'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g003-550.jpg?1732281280'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g004-550.jpg?1732281281'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g005-550.jpg?1732281282'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g006-550.jpg?1732281282'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g007-550.jpg?1732281286'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g008-550.jpg?1732281288'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g009-550.jpg?1732281290'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g010-550.jpg?1732281291'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g011-550.jpg?1732281291'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g012-550.jpg?1732281292'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g013-550.jpg?1732281293'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g014-550.jpg?1732281293'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g015-550.jpg?1732281294'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g016-550.jpg?1732281295'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g017-550.jpg?1732281296'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g018-550.jpg?1732281297'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g019-550.jpg?1732281298'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g020-550.jpg?1732281300'><p>Figure 20</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1527203-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g021-550.jpg?1732281301'><p>Figure 21</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527203-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g001-550.jpg?1732281277" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Locations of the four video monitoring points (Cameras E and F do not currently exist; they are proposed monitoring points to be added later in this paper to optimize the emergency lane activation strategy).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g002-550.jpg?1732281278" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>System framework design.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g003-550.jpg?1732281280" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>YOLOv11 model architecture.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g004-550.jpg?1732281281" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Illustration of line segment intersection determination.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g005-550.jpg?1732281282" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of the AdaBoost algorithm.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g006-550.jpg?1732281282" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of vehicle occupancy in an interval; When the number of entering vehicles continues to exceed the number of exiting vehicles, traffic congestion forms.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g007-550.jpg?1732281286" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Object detection and information extraction process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g008-550.jpg?1732281288" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Time–history curves of traffic flow parameters.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g009-550.jpg?1732281290" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Smoothed density curves.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g010-550.jpg?1732281291" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Density correlation between observation points.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g011-550.jpg?1732281291" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Actual density at observation point D and density predicted by the AdaBoost model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g012-550.jpg?1732281292" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Importance of densities at intersections A, B, and C in predicting the density at intersection D.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g013-550.jpg?1732281293" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Traffic flow difference in the CD section.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g014-550.jpg?1732281293" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Traffic flow difference in the AB section.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g015-550.jpg?1732281294" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Traffic flow difference in the BC section.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g016-550.jpg?1732281295" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Emergency lane activation decision-making flowchart.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g017-550.jpg?1732281296" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p><math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> curve when the emergency lane is not activated.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g018-550.jpg?1732281297" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> curves with and without activating the emergency lane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g019-550.jpg?1732281298" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Emergency lane activation decision flowchart (after adding point E).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g020-550.jpg?1732281300" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Lane division diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10232/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10232-g021-550.jpg?1732281301" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Emergency lane activation/closure decision flowchart (after adding point F within the CD interval).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10232'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 29 pages, 1242 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10231/pdf?version=1732279875" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="What Influences Users’ Continuous Behavioral Intention in Cultural Heritage Virtual Tourism: Integrating Experience Economy Theory and Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) Model" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10231">What Influences Users’ Continuous Behavioral Intention in Cultural Heritage Virtual Tourism: Integrating Experience Economy Theory and Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) Model</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shan Jiang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhong Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Huayuan Xu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Younghwan Pan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10231; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310231">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310231</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Cultural heritage virtual tourism offers users a novel digital heritage experience, becoming an essential channel for cultural dissemination and preservation. However, how to stimulate users’ continuous behavioral intention remains unresolved. This study integrates the Stimulus–Organism–Response theory (SOR) and experience economy theories to construct <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10231/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Cultural heritage virtual tourism offers users a novel digital heritage experience, becoming an essential channel for cultural dissemination and preservation. However, how to stimulate users’ continuous behavioral intention remains unresolved. This study integrates the Stimulus–Organism–Response theory (SOR) and experience economy theories to construct a comprehensive model, exploring factors influencing users’ continuous intentions in cultural heritage virtual tourism. By analyzing data from 451 valid questionnaires through structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods, several key findings emerged. The SEM results show that (1) esthetics, entertainment, escapism, education, and connection experiences all positively affect perceived value and satisfaction; (2) except for escapism, other experiences positively influence cultural identity; and (3) perceived value, satisfaction, and cultural identity significantly impact continuous intention. The FsQCA results show that (1) in high continuous intention scenarios, perceived value, satisfaction, and cultural identity are core conditions, while esthetics, entertainment, escapism, education, and connection act as supporting conditions, enhancing users’ willingness to continue engaging under different configurations; (2) in low continuous intention cases, the absence of escapism, satisfaction, cultural identity, education, esthetics, and connection weakens users’ virtual tourism experiences, leading to a decline in continuous usage intentions. This study provides theoretical and practical insights for promoting users’ continuous intentions in cultural heritage virtual tourism. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10231">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/sustainability/special_issues/3A6VXLGD5Q ">Meeting the Challenges and New Opportunities: Sustainable Development of Tourism and Hospitality Industry Following the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10231/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527165"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527165"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527165" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527165" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527165" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527165-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10231/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10231-g001-550.jpg?1732279976" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527165" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527165-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10231/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10231-g002-550.jpg?1732279977'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527165-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10231/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10231-g003-550.jpg?1732279979'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527165-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10231/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10231-g001-550.jpg?1732279976" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Four realms of experience (Pine and Gilmore, [<a href="#B55-sustainability-16-10231" class="html-bibr">55</a>], p. 30).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10231'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10231/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10231-g002-550.jpg?1732279977" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Proposed conceptual model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10231'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10231/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10231-g003-550.jpg?1732279979" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>”Panorama of the Forbidden City” heritage virtual tourism platform experience scene.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10231'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 769 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10230/pdf?version=1732279480" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Interplay Between Environmental Ethics and Sustainable Performance: Does Organizational Green Culture and Green Innovation Really Matter?" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10230">The Interplay Between Environmental Ethics and Sustainable Performance: Does Organizational Green Culture and Green Innovation Really Matter?</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elhassan Enbaia</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ahmad Alzubi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kolawole Iyiola</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hasan Yousef Aljuhmani</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10230; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310230">https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310230</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Although organizational green culture and environmental ethics are increasingly acknowledged as crucial, few studies have comprehensively examined the interconnected relationship between green innovation and sustainable performance, particularly within manufacturing firms. As such, this study empirically examines the relationship between environmental ethics and sustainable <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10230/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Although organizational green culture and environmental ethics are increasingly acknowledged as crucial, few studies have comprehensively examined the interconnected relationship between green innovation and sustainable performance, particularly within manufacturing firms. As such, this study empirically examines the relationship between environmental ethics and sustainable performance through the mediating roles of green process and product innovations and the moderating role of organizational green culture on these relationships. It is grounded in stakeholder theory and a resource-based view. This study utilizes 236 valid cross-sectional data points from manufacturing firms in Turkey to test the proposed integrated theoretical model through structural equation modeling (SEM). Environmental ethics is positively associated with sustainable performance, green process innovation, and green product innovation. Green process innovation positively affects sustainable performance. Additionally, both green process and product innovations mediate the relationship between environmental ethics and sustainable performance. Moreover, organizational green culture enhances the relationship between environmental ethics and both green process innovation and green product innovation while moderating its role in sustainable performance. The findings highlight how environmental ethics, mediated by green innovation and moderated by organizational green culture, can drive sustainable performance, offering valuable insights for managers aiming to enhance sustainability initiatives in the manufacturing sector. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10230">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/sustainability/special_issues/9Z5HU1BJPA ">Green Innovation and Knowledge Management in Organizations</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&journal=sustainability&sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container"> <a 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link-journal-browser show-for-small" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Journal Browser </a> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item last-item no-border"> <form method="post" action="/journal/sustainability" id="qckvi" onsubmit="return !$('#journal-browser-go').hasClass('button--grey');"> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="UI_JournalBrowser_Volume"> <select id="journal-browser-volume" name="volume" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0;" class="chosen-select"> <option value='' data-id="0">volume</option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="16"> 16 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="15"> 15 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="14"> 14 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="13"> 13 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="12"> 12 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="11"> 11 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="10"> 10 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="9"> 9 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="8"> 8 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="7"> 7 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="6"> 6 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="5"> 5 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="4"> 4 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="3"> 3 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="2"> 2 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="sustainability" value="1"> 1 </option> </select> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="UI_JournalBrowser_Issue"> <select id="journal-browser-issue" name="issue" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0;" class="chosen-select"> <option value='' class="volume-0">issue</option> <option value="1" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="13" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 13 </option> <option value="14" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 14 </option> <option value="15" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 15 </option> <option value="16" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 16 </option> <option value="17" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 17 </option> <option value="18" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 18 </option> <option value="19" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 19 </option> <option value="20" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 20 </option> <option value="21" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 21 </option> <option value="22" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 22 </option> <option value="23" class="volume-16" style="display: none;"> 23 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="13" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 13 </option> <option value="14" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 14 </option> <option value="15" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 15 </option> <option value="16" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 16 </option> <option value="17" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 17 </option> <option value="18" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 18 </option> <option value="19" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 19 </option> <option value="20" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 20 </option> <option value="21" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 21 </option> <option value="22" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 22 </option> <option value="23" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 23 </option> <option value="24" class="volume-15" style="display: none;"> 24 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="13" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 13 </option> <option value="14" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 14 </option> <option value="15" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 15 </option> <option value="16" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 16 </option> <option value="17" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 17 </option> <option value="18" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 18 </option> <option value="19" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 19 </option> <option value="20" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 20 </option> <option value="21" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 21 </option> <option value="22" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 22 </option> <option value="23" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 23 </option> <option value="24" class="volume-14" style="display: none;"> 24 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="13" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 13 </option> <option value="14" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 14 </option> <option value="15" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 15 </option> <option value="16" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 16 </option> <option value="17" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 17 </option> <option value="18" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 18 </option> <option value="19" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 19 </option> <option value="20" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 20 </option> <option value="21" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 21 </option> <option value="22" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 22 </option> <option value="23" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 23 </option> <option value="24" class="volume-13" style="display: none;"> 24 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="13" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 13 </option> <option value="14" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 14 </option> <option value="15" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 15 </option> <option value="16" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 16 </option> <option value="17" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 17 </option> <option value="18" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 18 </option> <option value="19" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 19 </option> <option value="20" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 20 </option> <option value="21" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 21 </option> <option value="22" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 22 </option> <option value="23" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 23 </option> <option value="24" class="volume-12" style="display: none;"> 24 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="13" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 13 </option> <option value="14" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 14 </option> <option value="15" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 15 </option> <option value="16" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 16 </option> <option value="17" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 17 </option> <option value="18" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 18 </option> <option value="19" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 19 </option> <option value="20" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 20 </option> <option value="21" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 21 </option> <option value="22" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 22 </option> <option value="23" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 23 </option> <option value="24" class="volume-11" style="display: none;"> 24 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-10" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-9" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-8" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-7" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-6" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-5" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-4" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-3" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> <option value="5" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 5 </option> <option value="6" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 6 </option> <option value="7" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 7 </option> <option value="8" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 8 </option> <option value="9" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 9 </option> <option value="10" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 10 </option> <option value="11" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 11 </option> <option value="12" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 12 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-1" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-1" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> <option value="3" class="volume-1" style="display: none;"> 3 </option> <option value="4" class="volume-1" style="display: none;"> 4 </option> </select> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="VIUexqX7PuIDEzoYLeCjcwqPmg056ell2sOmEFaCzbM"> <input type="hidden" id="journal-browser-namesystem" name="namesystem" value="sustainability"> <input type="hidden" name="getIssueByVI" value="1"> <input type="submit" id="journal-browser-go" value="Go" style="" class="button button--grey button--full-width UI_JournalBrowser_GoButton"> </form> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item first-item no-border"> <ul class="side-menu-ul"> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__padded"> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23"> <i class="material-icons arrow" style="display: inline-block"> arrow_forward_ios </i> <strong>Forthcoming issue</strong> </a> <br/> <a href="/2071-1050/16/22"> <i class="material-icons arrow" style="display: inline-block"> arrow_forward_ios </i> <strong>Current issue</strong> </a> </li> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class=""> <div class="journal-browser-volumes "> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/16"> Vol. 16 (2024) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/15"> Vol. 15 (2023) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/14"> Vol. 14 (2022) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/13"> Vol. 13 (2021) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/12"> Vol. 12 (2020) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/11"> Vol. 11 (2019) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/10"> Vol. 10 (2018) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/9"> Vol. 9 (2017) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/8"> Vol. 8 (2016) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/7"> Vol. 7 (2015) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/6"> Vol. 6 (2014) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/5"> Vol. 5 (2013) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/4"> Vol. 4 (2012) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/3"> Vol. 3 (2011) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/2"> Vol. 2 (2010) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/2071-1050/1"> Vol. 1 (2009) </a> </li> </div> </div> </div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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function(msg) { parentDiv.removeClass().hide(); } }); }); $(".generic-toggleable-header").click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass("active"); $(this).next(".generic-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active"); }); /* * handle whole row as a link if the row contains only one visible link */ $("table.new tr").hover(function() { if ($(this).find("td:visible a").length == 1) { $(this).addClass("single-link"); } }, function() { $(this).removeClass("single-link"); }); $("table.new:not(.table-of-tables)").on("click", "tr.single-link", function(e) { var target = $(e.target); if (!e.ctrlKey && !target.is("a")) { $(this).find("td:visible a")[0].click(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link", function(e) { if ($(this).closest("#basic_search").length > 0) { if ($(".search-container__advanced").first().is(":visible")) { openAdvanced() } } if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($(this).hasClass("active")) { $(this).removeClass("active"); 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(window.document.documentMode == 11) { $("<link/>", { rel: "stylesheet", type: "text/css", href: "https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"}).appendTo("head"); } }); function recalculate_main_browser_position() { if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-large-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-small-main-top-container")); } } else { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-small-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-large-main-top-container")); } } } function recalculate_responsive_moving_containers() { $(".responsive-moving-container.large").each(function() { var previousParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.active[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); var movingContent = previousParent.html(); if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.small[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else if (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.medium[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.large[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } if (previousParent.attr("class") !== currentParent.attr("class")) { currentParent.html(movingContent); previousParent.html(); currentParent.addClass("active"); previousParent.removeClass("active"); } }); } // cookies allowed is checked from a) local storage and b) from server separately so that the footer bar doesn't // get included in the custom page caches function checkCookiesAllowed() { var cookiesEnabled = localStorage.getItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled"); if (null === cookiesEnabled) { $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_cookie_value/mdpi_cookies_accepted", success: function(data) { if (data.value) { localStorage.setItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled", true); checkDisplaySurvey(); } else { $(".js-allow-cookies").show(); } } }); } else { checkDisplaySurvey(); } } function 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additional anchors for page) items.each(function() { var header_title = $(this).text(); var link_title = header_title.replace(/ |-/gi, "_").toLowerCase(); var li = $("<li></li>"); li.addClass("side-menu-li"); ul.append(li); var a = $("<a></a>"); a.html(header_title); a.prop("href", "#" + link_title); li.append(a); var a = $("<a></a>"); a.prop("name", link_title); $(this).prepend(a); }); div.append(ul); div.show(); } }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1732286508"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1732286508"> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-ui-1.13.2.min.js?1e2047978946a1d2?1732286508"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/magnific-popup.min.js?2be3d9e7dc569146?1732286508"></script> <script> var mainColumn1 = "#right-column"; var extendingReady = true; $(document).ready(function() { $("#journal-browser-go").toggleClass("button--grey", "" === $("#journal-browser-volume").val()); $("#journal-browser-go").toggleClass("button--color", "" !== $("#journal-browser-volume").val()); $("#journal-browser-volume").change(function(e) { $('#journal-browser-issue').find('option').not('.volume-0').hide(); $('#journal-browser-issue').find('.volume-' + $(this).val()).show(); $('#journal-browser-issue').find('option:first').prop('selected', 'selected'); $("#journal-browser-issue").trigger("chosen:updated"); $('#journal-browser-go').toggleClass('button--grey', '' === $(this).val()); $('#journal-browser-go').toggleClass('button--color', '' !== $(this).val()); }); // add resize event for the window (to recalculate side column elements) // TODO: is it better to use resize end or resize here? $(window).on('resize', function() { mdpi_column_height_module.calculateColumnHeights(false, mainColumn1); }); $(".link-journal-menu").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find('span').toggle(); $(this).next("ul").toggleClass("active"); $("#social-media-links").toggle(); $("#journal-alerts").toggle(); }); $(".link-journal-browser").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find('span').toggle(); $(this).next("div").toggleClass('show-for-medium-up'); }); }); </script>   <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing"> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','o2pip'); twq('track','PageView'); </script>  <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var 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