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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="بيدرو لوبيث دي أيالا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيدرو لوبيث دي أيالا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Педро Лопес де Аяла – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Педро Лопес де Аяла" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pedro López de Ayala – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedro López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_de_Ayala" title="Pedro de Ayala – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pedro de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pedro López de Ayala – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedro López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_II.a_Lopez_Aiarakoa" title="Petri II.a Lopez Aiarakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Petri II.a Lopez Aiarakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pero López de Ayala – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pero López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pedro López de Ayala – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pedro López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pedro López de Ayala – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pedro López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="بيرو لوبيز دى ايالا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيرو لوبيز دى ايالا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pedro López de Ayala – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedro López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Айала, Педро Лопес де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Айала, Педро Лопес де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pero López de Ayala – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pero López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Педро Лопез де Ајала – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Педро Лопез де Ајала" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pero López de Ayala – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pero López de Ayala" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81678#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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Ayala</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Castilian statesman</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayalagreg2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ayalagreg2.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="343" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Detail from Castilian manuscript of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Gregory%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Gregory's (page does not exist)">Saint Gregory's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Moralia_in_Job" title="Moralia in Job">Moralia in Job</a></i>. López de Ayala kneels before Saint Gregory.</figcaption></figure> <p>Don <b>Pero</b> (or <b>Pedro</b>) <b>López de Ayala</b> (1332–1407) was a <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">statesman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronicler" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicler">chronicler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">chancellor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pero López de Ayala was born in 1332 at <a href="/wiki/Vitoria,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitoria, Spain">Vitoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Alava" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Alava">County of Alava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a>, as the son of Fernán Pérez de Ayala and Elvira Álvarez de Cevallos. He was grandnephew to Cardinal Pedro Gómez Barroso, and was educated under this cleric. López de Ayala was a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro of Castile">Pedro of Castile</a> before switching sides in order to support the pretender to the Castilian throne, <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Trastamara" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Trastamara">Henry of Trastamara</a>. </p><p>The Ayala were one of the major aristocratic families of Castile. The earliest known record of their family was an account written by Pero's own father, which claims they descended from <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> Christian royalty and linked them to the <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Biscay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lords of Biscay">Lords of Biscay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Ayala1950?_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Ayala1950?-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Catholic bishop <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Barrientos" title="Lope de Barrientos">Lope de Barrientos</a>, trying to dampen anti-semitic persecution, would claim that most of the nobility of Castile themselves had Jewish origins and that the Mendozas and Ayalas descended from a certain Rabbi Solomon and his son Isaque de Valladolid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2002377_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2002377-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <i>Alférez mayor del Pendón de la Banda</i> (second lieutenant), he fought with Henry at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%A1jera" title="Battle of Nájera">Battle of Nájera</a> (1367) and was made a prisoner of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Prince">Black Prince</a> but was later released. In 1378, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in order to negotiate an alliance against the <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He subsequently served as a supporter of <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Castile" title="John I of Castile">John I of Castile</a>. He was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aljubarrota" title="Battle of Aljubarrota">Battle of Aljubarrota</a> (1385), and was jailed in a prison of iron. While in prison, he wrote his <i>Libro de la caza de las aves</i> ("Book on hunting with <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_prey" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of prey">birds of prey</a>") and parts of his <i>Rimado de Palacio</i>. He was ransomed for 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Doubloon" title="Doubloon">doubloons</a> after many had interceded on his behalf, including his wife, Doña Leonor de Guzmán, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Calatrava" title="Order of Calatrava">Master of Calatrava</a>, and the kings of both Castile and France. </p><p>Upon his release in 1388 or 1389, he continued his diplomatic activities in France. He later returned to Castile, where he was named <i>Canciller mayor</i> ("grand chancellor of the realm") by <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Castile" title="Henry III of Castile">Henry III</a>. He died at <a href="/wiki/Calahorra" title="Calahorra">Calahorra</a> at the age of 75.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>López de Ayala is best remembered for his <a href="/wiki/Satirical" class="mw-redirect" title="Satirical">satirical</a> and didactic <i>Libro Rimado de Palacio</i> ("Palace Verse" or "Rhymes of the Court"), in which he acidly describes his contemporaries and their social, religious, and political values. His rhymed confession concerns the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sins</a>, spiritual works, and the sins associated with the <a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">five senses</a>, followed by an account of the evils afflicting the Church. The most famous couplets (424–719) concern "los fechos de Palaçio" ("palace deeds"), which detail the troubles of a courtier who is attempting to collect money that the king owes to him. </p><p>In one of the first known literary references to <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">chivalresque tales</a>, López de Ayala, in his <i>Rimado de Palacio</i>, would regret a misspent youth: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It pleased me, moreover, to hear, many times, </p><p>Books of idle pursuit and proven fictions, </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amadis_de_Gaula" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadis de Gaula">Amadis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> and invented falsities, </p><p> In which I wasted long hours of my time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In his <i>Libro de la caza de las aves</i>, López de Ayala attempted to compile all of the correct and available knowledge concerning <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconry</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Prologue" title="Prologue">prologue</a>, López de Ayala explains that concerning "this art and science of the hunting with birds I heard and saw many uncertainties; such as on the <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> and characteristics and nature of the birds; such as in domesticating them and ordering them to hunt their prey; and also how to cure them when they suffer and are hurt. Of this I saw some writings that reasoned on it, but did not agree with others."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also wrote the chronicles for the reigns of Pedro I, Henry of Trastamara (Henry II of Castile), and John I, and a partial chronicle of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Castile" title="Henry III of Castile">Henry III of Castile</a>, collected as <i>History of the Kings of Castile</i>. </p><p>As a source, López de Ayala is considered to be generally reliable, as he was a witness to the events he describes. The first part of his chronicle, which covers only the reign of Pedro I, was printed at <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> in 1495. The first complete edition was printed in 1779–1780 in the collection of <i>Crónicas Españolas</i>, under the auspices of the Spanish Royal Academy of History. </p><p>López de Ayala also translated the works of ancient authors, such as <a href="/wiki/Titus_Livy" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Livy">Titus Livy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius">Boethius</a>. Around 1400, for example, he translated Livy's <i>Decades</i> (only books 1, 2 and 4) for Henry III of Castile, working from a French version by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bersuire" title="Pierre Bersuire">Pierre Bersuire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also translated the works of contemporary authors, such as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>, and continued his father's <i>Linaje de Ayala</i> ("Lineage of Ayala"), a <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogy</a>. </p><p>The Castilian poet <a href="/wiki/Pero_Ferr%C3%BAs" title="Pero Ferrús">Pero Ferrús</a> (<a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl.</a> 1380) dedicated one of his cantigas to López de Ayala. </p><p>Among his direct descendants are major Spanish poets and writers <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Lopez_de_Mendoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Inigo Lopez de Mendoza">Inigo Lopez de Mendoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Manrique" title="Jorge Manrique">Jorge Manrique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diego_Hurtado_de_Mendoza_(poet_and_diplomat)" title="Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (poet and diplomat)">Diego Hurtado de Mendoza</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Ayala1950?-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Ayala1950?_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Ayala1950">de Ayala 1950</a>, p. ?.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2002377-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2002377_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoth2002">Roth 2002</a>, p. 377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pero López de Ayala, <i>Rimado de Palacio. Edición de Kenneth Adams</i> (Salamanca: Ediciones Anaya, S.A., 1971), 70-1. López de Ayala's contemporary <a href="/wiki/Pero_Ferr%C3%BAs" title="Pero Ferrús">Pero Ferrús</a> also makes an early reference to chivalric romances when he compares, for example, his love for his lady with the riches owned by <i>Rrey Lysuarte</i>. He is thus known to have read the popular romance <a href="/wiki/Amadis_de_Gaula" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadis de Gaula">Amadis of Gaul</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01482307212363781870035/p0000001.htm#I_2_">Libro de la caza de las aves – Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tinet.org/~apym/on-line/chronology/15.html">Translation and Intercultural Studies</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ayala, Don Pedro Lopez de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ayala,_Don_Pedro_Lopez_de">"Ayala, Don Pedro Lopez de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ayala%2C+Don+Pedro+Lopez+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=71&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APero+L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2002" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Norman (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conversosinquisi00roth_609"><i>Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain</i></a></span>. University of Wisconsin Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conversosinquisi00roth_609/page/n397">377</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0299142339" title="Special:BookSources/978-0299142339"><bdi>978-0299142339</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversos%2C+Inquisition%2C+and+the+Expulsion+of+the+Jews+from+Spain&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0299142339&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconversosinquisi00roth_609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APero+L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkins2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilkins, Constance L. (2003). "López de Ayala, Pero". In Gerli, E. Michael (ed.). <i>Medieval Iberia : an encyclopedia</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93918-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93918-6"><bdi>0-415-93918-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50404104">50404104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala%2C+Pero&rft.btitle=Medieval+Iberia+%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50404104&rft.isbn=0-415-93918-6&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=Constance+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APero+L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerrano_de_Haro" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Serrano de Haro, Antonio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/12290/pero-lopez-de-ayala">"Pero López de Ayala"</a>. <i>Real Academia de la Historia</i> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.atitle=Pero+L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala&rft.aulast=Serrano+de+Haro&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F12290%2Fpero-lopez-de-ayala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APero+L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Ayala1950" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Ayala, Juan Contreras y López (1950). de Lozoya, Marqués (ed.). <i>Introducción a la biographía del Canciller Ayala, con apéndices documentales</i> (in Spanish). Bilbao.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducci%C3%B3n+a+la+biograph%C3%ADa+del+Canciller+Ayala%2C+con+ap%C3%A9ndices+documentales&rft.pub=Bilbao&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=de+Ayala&rft.aufirst=Juan+Contreras+y+L%C3%B3pez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APero+L%C3%B3pez+de+Ayala" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pero_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artehistoria.com/frames.htm?http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/personajes/5979.htm">Artehistoria.com: Personajes</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spanisharts.com/books/literature/clerxiv.htm">La Poesia del Siglo XIV</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.los-poetas.com/g/biopero.htm">Biografía de Pero López de Ayala</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01482307212363781870035/index.htm"><i>Libro de la caza de las aves</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81678#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81678#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121355327">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61540163">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/37106/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjBRRCCBX4r9vGrkKp74dP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118780476">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063388">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11886814p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11886814p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="López de Ayala, Pedro <1332-1407>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV036325">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35312595">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup19990000058706&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX992639">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/110131">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068342594">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90140316">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000169725&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000180670">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/25981">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280563105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523417006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14471414">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02453108?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/907787">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118780476.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118780476">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026662191">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wm1m9z">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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