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<li id="toc-B'nai_Brith_library_(1892–1925)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B'nai_Brith_library_(1892–1925)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>B'nai Brith library (1892–1925)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B'nai_Brith_library_(1892–1925)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_University_library_(1925–2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_University_library_(1925–2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Hebrew University library (1925–2007)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_University_library_(1925–2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Library_legal_status_(2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Library_legal_status_(2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>National Library legal status (2007)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Library_legal_status_(2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>New building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temporary_closure_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporary_closure_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Temporary closure (2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporary_closure_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goals_and_objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goals_and_objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Goals and objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goals_and_objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Special collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Library of Israel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasionale_Biblioteek_van_Israel" title="Nasionale Biblioteek van Israel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nasionale Biblioteek van Israel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المكتبة الوطنية الإسرائيلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المكتبة الوطنية الإسرائيلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC_%DC%9F%DC%AC%DC%92%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A0" title="ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܝܬ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܬܪܝܐ ܕܐܣܪܐܝܠ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Milli_Kitabxanas%C4%B1" title="İsrail Milli Kitabxanası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsrail Milli Kitabxanası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইসরায়েলের জাতীয় গ্রন্থাগার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসরায়েলের জাতীয় গ্রন্থাগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Израелска национална библиотека – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Израелска национална библиотека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_d%27Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional d'Israel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional d'Israel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_sa_Israel" title="National Library sa Israel – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="National Library sa Israel" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Národní knihovna Izraele" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyfrgell_Genedlaethol_Israel" title="Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Israel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Israel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_nationalbibliotek" title="Israels nationalbibliotek – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Israels nationalbibliotek" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelische_Nationalbibliothek" title="Israelische Nationalbibliothek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Israelische Nationalbibliothek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB" title="Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη του Ισραήλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη του Ισραήλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Israelo" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Israelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Biblioteko de Israelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelgo_Liburutegi_Nazionala" title="Israelgo Liburutegi Nazionala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Israelgo Liburutegi Nazionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="کتابخانه ملی اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه ملی اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_d%27Isra%C3%ABl" title="Bibliothèque nationale d'Israël – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bibliothèque nationale d'Israël" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasjonale_Bibleteek_fan_Israel" title="Nasjonale Bibleteek fan Israel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nasjonale Bibleteek fan Israel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabharlann_N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta_Iosrael" title="Leabharlann Náisiúnta Iosrael – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabharlann Náisiúnta Iosrael" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="ઇઝરાયેલ નેશનલ લાયબ્રેરી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇઝરાયેલ નેશનલ લાયબ્રેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80" title="이스라엘 국립도서관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘 국립도서관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_o_ka_Iseraela" title="National Library o ka Iseraela – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="National Library o ka Iseraela" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իսրայելի ազգային գրադարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսրայելի ազգային գրադարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="इज़राइल का राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इज़राइल का राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionala_Biblioteko_di_Israel" title="Nacionala Biblioteko di Israel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nacionala Biblioteko di Israel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nailian_a_Biblioteka_ti_Israel" title="Nailian a Biblioteka ti Israel – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nailian a Biblioteka ti Israel" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_Nasional_Israel" title="Perpustakaan Nasional Israel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perpustakaan Nasional Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0b%C3%B3kasafn_%C3%8Dsraels" title="Þjóðbókasafn Ísraels – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðbókasafn Ísraels" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הספרייה הלאומית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הספרייה הלאומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಲೈಬ್ರರಿ ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಲೈಬ್ರರಿ ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliyot%C3%A8k_Nasyonal_Izray%C3%A8l" title="Bibliyotèk Nasyonal Izrayèl – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bibliyotèk Nasyonal Izrayèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirt%C3%BBkxaneya_Netewey%C3%AE_ya_%C3%8Esra%C3%AAl%C3%AA" title="Pirtûkxaneya Neteweyî ya Îsraêlê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pirtûkxaneya Neteweyî ya Îsraêlê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_Nasionala_de_Israel" title="Biblioteka Nasionala de Israel – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Biblioteka Nasionala de Israel" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ຫໍສະຫມຸດແຫ່ງຊາດຂອງອິດສະຣາເອນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຫໍສະຫມຸດແຫ່ງຊາດຂອງອິດສະຣາເອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Nationalis_Israeliana" title="Bibliotheca Nationalis Israeliana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bibliotheca Nationalis Israeliana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izra%C4%93las_Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Izraēlas Nacionālā bibliotēka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izraēlas Nacionālā bibliotēka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalbiblioth%C3%A9ik_vun_Israel" title="Nationalbibliothéik vun Israel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nationalbibliothéik vun Israel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Израелска национална библиотека – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Израелска национална библиотека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇസ്രായേൽ നാഷണൽ ലൈബ്രറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്രായേൽ നാഷണൽ ലൈബ്രറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_o_Iharaira" title="National Library o Iharaira – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="National Library o Iharaira" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="इस्रायल राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्रायल राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="مكتبة اسرائيل الوطنيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكتبة اسرائيل الوطنيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_Negara_Israel" title="Perpustakaan Negara Israel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perpustakaan Negara Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အစ္စရေးအမျိုးသားစာကြည့်တိုက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ္စရေးအမျိုးသားစာကြည့်တိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="इजरायलको राष्ट्रिय पुस्तकालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इजरायलको राष्ट्रिय पुस्तकालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="イスラエル国立図書館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスラエル国立図書館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_nasjonalbibliotek" title="Israels nasjonalbibliotek – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Israels nasjonalbibliotek" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isroil_milliy_kutubxonasi" title="Isroil milliy kutubxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Isroil milliy kutubxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B" title="បណ្ណាល័យជាតិអ៊ីស្រាអែល – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បណ្ណាល័យជាតិអ៊ីស្រាអែល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Israelului" title="Biblioteca Națională a Israelului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biblioteca Națională a Israelului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="National Library of Israel" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Национальная библиотека Израиля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная библиотека Израиля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_(%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D)" title="राष्ट्रियपुस्तकालयः (इजरायल्) – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="राष्ट्रियपुस्तकालयः (इजरायल्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_Komb%C3%ABtare_e_Izraelit" title="Biblioteka Kombëtare e Izraelit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biblioteka Kombëtare e Izraelit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ඊශ්‍රායෙල ජාතික පුස්තකාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඊශ්‍රායෙල ජාතික පුස්තකාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Library of Israel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_kni%C5%BEnica_(Izrael)" title="Národná knižnica (Izrael) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Národná knižnica (Izrael)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelska_narodna_knji%C5%BEnica" title="Izraelska narodna knjižnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izraelska narodna knjižnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="کتێبخانەی نیشتمانی ئیسرائیل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێبخانەی نیشتمانی ئیسرائیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Народна библиотека Израела – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Народна библиотека Израела" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelin_kansalliskirjasto" title="Israelin kansalliskirjasto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Israelin kansalliskirjasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_nationalbibliotek" title="Israels nationalbibliotek – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Israels nationalbibliotek" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambansang_Aklatan_ng_Israel" title="Pambansang Aklatan ng Israel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pambansang Aklatan ng Israel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுரேல் தேசிய நூலகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுரேல் தேசிய நூலகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82,_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="జాతీయ గ్రంథాలయం, ఇజ్రాయిల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జాతీయ గ్రంథాలయం, ఇజ్రాయిల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="หอสมุดแห่งชาติอิสราเอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หอสมุดแห่งชาติอิสราเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Національна бібліотека Ізраїлю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національна бібліотека Ізраїлю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Israel" title="Thư viện Quốc gia Israel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thư viện Quốc gia Israel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="以色列国家图书馆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="以色列国家图书馆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A7" title="ישראל נאציאנאלע ביבליאטעק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ישראל נאציאנאלע ביבליאטעק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="以色列國立圖書館 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="以色列國立圖書館" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="以色列国家图书馆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以色列国家图书馆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Library_of_Israel&params=31_46_38_N_35_12_12_E_region:IL-JM_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°12′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.77722°N 35.20333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.77722; 35.20333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=J9U_(identifier)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="J9U (identifier)">J9U (identifier)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Jewish heritage library in Jerusalem</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">National Library of Israel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname" lang="he">הספרייה הלאומית</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_The_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Logo_of_The_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg/220px-Logo_of_The_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Logo_of_The_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg/250px-NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg/375px-NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg/500px-NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">New building by <a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a> (2023)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="14" data-overlays="["_0fa3e0a1423f7ec8edf94f2a5d0b96b978de831b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Library_of_Israel&revid=1258851271&groups=_0fa3e0a1423f7ec8edf94f2a5d0b96b978de831b" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Library_of_Israel&revid=1258851271&groups=_0fa3e0a1423f7ec8edf94f2a5d0b96b978de831b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Library_of_Israel&params=31_46_38_N_35_12_12_E_region:IL-JM_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°12′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.77722°N 35.20333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.77722; 35.20333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1892<span class="noprint">; 132 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1892</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference to legal mandate</th><td class="infobox-data">The Legal Deposit of generally available documents</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Collection</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Items collected</th><td class="infobox-data">Unique collections of <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a>, special collections of <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a>, music, radio and television programmes, film, theatre, <a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">maps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posters" class="mw-redirect" title="Posters">posters</a>, pictures, photographs, electronic documents and <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">5 million volumes</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">Approximately 100 million NIS (₪)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data">Oren Weinberg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">367</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en">nli.org.il</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Library of Israel</b> (<b>NLI</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הספרייה הלאומית</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">HaSifria HaLeumit</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل</span>), formerly <b>Jewish National and University Library</b> (<b>JNUL</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בית הספרים הלאומי והאוניברסיטאי</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Beit Ha-Sfarim Ha-Le'umi ve-Ha-Universita'i</i></span>), is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">heritage</a>. The library holds more than 5 million books, and is located in the Government complex (Kiryat HaMemshala) near the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>. </p><p>The National Library owns the world's largest collections of <a href="/wiki/Hebraica" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebraica">Hebraica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaica">Judaica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the repository of many rare and unique manuscripts, books and artifacts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B'nai_Brith_library_(1892–1925)"><span id="B.27nai_Brith_library_.281892.E2.80.931925.29"></span>B'nai Brith library (1892–1925)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: B'nai Brith library (1892–1925)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg/170px-Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg/255px-Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg/340px-Joseph_Chasanowitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="1605" /></a><figcaption>Joseph Chazanovitz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg/220px-B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg/330px-B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg/440px-B%27nai_B%27rith_library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>B'nai Brith library, Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <p>The establishment of a Jewish National Library in Jerusalem was the brainchild of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Chazanovitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Chazanovitz (page does not exist)">Joseph Chazanovitz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3_%D7%97%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5" class="extiw" title="he:יוסף חזנוביץ">he</a>]</span> (1844–1919). His idea was creating a "home for all works in all languages and literatures which have Jewish authors, even though they create in foreign cultures." Chazanovitz collected some 15,000 volumes which later became the core of the library.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Brith" class="mw-redirect" title="B'nai Brith">B'nai Brith</a> library, founded in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in 1892, was the first public library in the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">region of Palestine</a> to serve the Jewish community. The library was located on B'nai Brith street, between the <a href="/wiki/Meah_Shearim" class="mw-redirect" title="Meah Shearim">Meah Shearim</a> neighborhood and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Compound" title="Russian Compound">Russian Compound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten years later, the Bet Midrash Abrabanel library, as it was then known, moved to Ethiopia Street.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_University_library_(1925–2007)"><span id="Hebrew_University_library_.281925.E2.80.932007.29"></span>Hebrew University library (1925–2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hebrew University library (1925–2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keren_Hayesod_Album,_Hebrew_University03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hebrew university library, 1925 - 1937" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Keren_Hayesod_Album%2C_Hebrew_University03_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Keren_Hayesod_Album%2C_Hebrew_University03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Keren_Hayesod_Album%2C_Hebrew_University03_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Keren_Hayesod_Album%2C_Hebrew_University03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Keren_Hayesod_Album%2C_Hebrew_University03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Hebrew university library on Mount Scopus (1925–1937)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1920, when plans were drawn up for the Hebrew University, the B'nai Brith collection became the basis for a university library. The books were moved to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Scopus" title="Mount Scopus">Mount Scopus</a> when the university opened five years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, when access to the university campus on Mount Scopus was blocked, most of the books were moved to the university's temporary quarters in the Terra Sancta building in <a href="/wiki/Rehavia" title="Rehavia">Rehavia</a>. By that time, the university collection included over one million books. For lack of space, some of the books were placed in storerooms around the city. In 1960, they were moved to the new JNUL building in Givat Ram.<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1970s, when the new university complex on Mount Scopus was inaugurated and the faculties of Law, Humanities and Social Science returned there, departmental libraries opened on that campus and the number of visitors to the Givat Ram library dropped. In the 1990s, the building suffered from maintenance problems such as rainwater leaks and insect infestation.<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Library_legal_status_(2007)"><span id="National_Library_legal_status_.282007.29"></span>National Library legal status (2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Library legal status (2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007 the library was officially recognized as The National Library of the State of Israel after the passage of the National Library Law.<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law, which came into effect on 23 July 2008, changed the library's name to "National Library of Israel" and turned it temporarily to a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsidiary company">subsidiary company</a> of the University, later to become a fully independent <a href="/wiki/Community_interest_company" title="Community interest company">community interest company</a>, jointly owned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Israel">Government of Israel</a> (50%), the Hebrew University (25%) and other organizations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_building">New building</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, the project for a new home of the Library in Jerusalem was unveiled.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 34,000 square meters building, was designed by the <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>-based architecture firm <a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cornerstone laying ceremony took place in 2016. The completion date was postponed a number of times and the old library building at Givat Ram continued to be used till September 2023. The grand opening events planned for the week of 22 October were cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas war</a> and the new building opened its doors to the public on 29 October 2023, with service and capacity limited due to war related limitations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg/220px-National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg/330px-National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg/440px-National_Library_of_Israel_-_new.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>The National Library of Israel (new building)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporary_closure_(2020)"><span id="Temporary_closure_.282020.29"></span>Temporary closure (2020)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Temporary closure (2020)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August, 2020, the National Library announced its immediately forthcoming closure "until further notice" due to the ongoing financial and government crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Hen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oster_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The closure lasted for a number of weeks. A small skeleton staff continued coming to the building but most of the employees either worked from home or took partial or full paid leave. The library, mainly the reference, education and culture departments provided online services during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goals_and_objectives">Goals and objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Goals and objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg/220px-The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg/330px-The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg/440px-The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_New_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The National Library of Israel (2023)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg/220px-Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg/330px-Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg/440px-Ardon_Windows_JNUL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Ardon" title="Mordecai Ardon">Ardon</a> windows in the old library building, Givat Ram</figcaption></figure> <p>The library's mission is to secure copies of all material published in Israel, in any language; all publications on the subject of Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a>, published in any language, in any country in the world; and all material published in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> or any of the languages spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Diaspora">Jewish Diaspora</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a>). </p><p>By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the National Library. In 2001, the law was amended to include audio and video recordings, and other non-print media.<sup id="cite_ref-history_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many manuscripts, including some of the library's unique volumes such the thirteenth century <a href="/wiki/Worms_Mahzor" class="mw-redirect" title="Worms Mahzor">Worms Mahzor</a>, have been scanned and are available on the library's website. Due to be completed in 2023, the National Library of Israel is digitizing over 2,500 rare manuscripts and books which will be available online for free. The works are written in Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu and date from the ninth to twentieth centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (April 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_collections">Special collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Special collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the library's special collections are the personal papers of hundreds of outstanding Jewish figures, the National Sound Archives, the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The Sidney Edelstein Collection (for the history of science) and numerous other collections of Hebraica and Judaica. The library also possesses some of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>'s manuscripts dealing with theological subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection, donated by the family of the collector <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Yahuda" title="Abraham Yahuda">Abraham Yahuda</a>, includes many works by Newton about mysticism, analyses of holy books, predictions about the end of days and the appearance of the ancient Temple in Jerusalem. It also contains maps that Newton sketched about mythical events to assist him in his end of days calculations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The library houses the personal archives of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gershom_Scholem" title="Gershom Scholem">Gershom Scholem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally the library houses the Gershom Scholem Collection for the Research of Kabbalah and Hasidism, including Scholem's personal library and items added since his death in 1982. </p><p>Following the occupation of <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> forces in May 1948, the libraries of a number Palestinians who fled the country as well as of other well-to-do Palestinians were transferred to the National Library.<sup id="cite_ref-Amit_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amit-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These collections included those of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cattan" title="Henry Cattan">Henry Cattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Beidas" title="Khalil Beidas">Khalil Beidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Sakakini" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil al-Sakakini">Khalil al-Sakakini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nashashibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashashibi">Aref Hikmet Nashashibi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 30,000 books were removed from homes in West Jerusalem, with another 40,000 taken from other cities in Mandatory Palestine. It is unclear whether the books were being kept and protected or if they were looted from the abandoned houses of their owners.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 6,000 of these books are in the library today indexed with the label AP – "Abandoned Property".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The books are cataloged, can be viewed from the Library's general catalog and are regularly consulted by the public. </p><p>The National Library of Israel completed its collection of the <a href="/wiki/Max_Brod" title="Max Brod">Max Brod</a> archive in August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the Israel Supreme Court in a highly controversial decision ordered the papers including the Franz Kafka papers to be deposited here although Max Brod had expressly left the ultimate decision to the daughters of his secretary and heir Ester Hoffe providing that they were to hand them over to the "Bibliothek der Hebräischen Universität Jerusalem oder der Städtischen Bibliothek Tel Aviv oder einem anderen öffentlichen Archiv im Inland oder Ausland" [library of the Hebrew university Jerusalem or the City Library Tel Aviv or another domestic or foreign public archive]. </p><p>On 19 December 2022, Irishman Stuart Rosenblatt, President of the <a href="/wiki/Genealogical_Society_of_Ireland" title="Genealogical Society of Ireland">Genealogical Society of Ireland</a>, donated his 22 volume collection, being the <i>Genealogical History of the Irish Jewish Communities</i>, to the National Library of Israel, in the presence of the Irish Ambassador to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg/220px-Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg/330px-Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg/440px-Reading_room_at_National_Library_of_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Reading room at the new National Library of Israel</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaica_Archival_Project" title="Judaica Archival Project">Judaica Archival Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_and_state_libraries" title="List of national and state libraries">List of national and state libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Israel" title="Union List of Israel">Union List of Israel</a>, combined library catalog with over 5 million entries</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Israel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/english/collections/jewish-collection/pages/default.aspx">"Judaica Collection"</a>. <i>web.nli.org.il</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240903203559/https://www.nli.org.il/en/at-your-service/who-we-are/collections/judaism-collection">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.nli.org.il&rft.atitle=Judaica+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2Fenglish%2Fcollections%2Fjewish-collection%2Fpages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelber2014" class="citation book cs1">Gelber, Mark H. (24 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B11bDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2"><i>Melancholy Pride: Nation, Race, and Gender in the German Literature of Cultural Zionism</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110956085" title="Special:BookSources/9783110956085"><bdi>9783110956085</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240903203436/https://books.google.com/books?id=B11bDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melancholy+Pride%3A+Nation%2C+Race%2C+and+Gender+in+the+German+Literature+of+Cultural+Zionism&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft.isbn=9783110956085&rft.aulast=Gelber&rft.aufirst=Mark+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB11bDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haaretz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayan" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aryeh_Dayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aryeh Dayan (page does not exist)">Dayan, Aryeh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/new-chapter-in-a-sad-saga-1.232285">"New chapter in a sad saga"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917173136/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/new-chapter-in-a-sad-saga-1.232285">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+chapter+in+a+sad+saga&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=Aryeh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fnew-chapter-in-a-sad-saga-1.232285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170810/http://www.cfhu.org/news/hebrew-university-hails-landmark-legislation-establishment-national-library">"Hebrew University Hails 'Landmark Legislation' for the Establishment of the National Library"</a>. Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University. 27 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfhu.org/news/hebrew-university-hails-landmark-legislation-establishment-national-library">the original</a> on 17 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hebrew+University+Hails+%27Landmark+Legislation%27+for+the+Establishment+of+the+National+Library&rft.pub=Canadian+Friends+of+the+Hebrew+University&rft.date=2007-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfhu.org%2Fnews%2Fhebrew-university-hails-landmark-legislation-establishment-national-library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenfield2013" class="citation web cs1">Rosenfield, Karissa (29 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archdaily.com/366202/herzog-and-de-meuron-to-design-the-national-library-of-israel">"Herzog & de Meuron to Design the National Library of Israel"</a>. <i>ArchDaily</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArchDaily&rft.atitle=Herzog+%26+de+Meuron+to+Design+the+National+Library+of+Israel&rft.date=2013-04-29&rft.aulast=Rosenfield&rft.aufirst=Karissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdaily.com%2F366202%2Fherzog-and-de-meuron-to-design-the-national-library-of-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGintoff2016" class="citation web cs1">Gintoff, Vladimir (14 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archdaily.com/785556/herzog-and-de-meuron-share-new-images-of-the-national-library-of-israel">"Herzog & de Meuron Share New Images of the National Library of Israel"</a>. <i>ArchDaily</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806105113/https://www.archdaily.com/785556/herzog-and-de-meuron-share-new-images-of-the-national-library-of-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArchDaily&rft.atitle=Herzog+%26+de+Meuron+Share+New+Images+of+the+National+Library+of+Israel&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft.aulast=Gintoff&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdaily.com%2F785556%2Fherzog-and-de-meuron-share-new-images-of-the-national-library-of-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/at-your-service/announcements/new-building-opening">"הספרייה הלאומית החדשה פתוחה לקהל הרחב"</a>. <i>National Library of Israel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029195214/https://www.nli.org.il/he/at-your-service/announcements/new-building-opening">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Israel&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nli.org.il%2Fhe%2Fat-your-service%2Fannouncements%2Fnew-building-opening&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hen-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hen_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hen, Yitzhak, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-s-national-library-is-closing-down-how-much-do-you-care-1.9082248">Israel's National Library Is Closing Down. How Much Do You Care?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426043833/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-s-national-library-is-closing-down-how-much-do-you-care-1.9082248">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Haaretz</i>, 18 August 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oster-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oster_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oster, Marcy, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/national-library-of-israel-to-suspend-services-put-300-workers-on-unpaid-leave">National Library of Israel to suspend services, put 300 workers on unpaid leave</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926191433/https://www.timesofisrael.com/national-library-of-israel-to-suspend-services-put-300-workers-on-unpaid-leave/">Archived</a> 26 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Times of Israel</i>, 6 August 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbart2021" class="citation web cs1">Rothbart, Zack (26 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nli.org.il/en/covid-19-crisis-response/">"How Has Israel's National Library Responded to the COVID-19 Crisis?"</a>. <i>The Librarians</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240903203529/https://blog.nli.org.il/en/covid-19-crisis-response/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Librarians&rft.atitle=How+Has+Israel%27s+National+Library+Responded+to+the+COVID-19+Crisis%3F&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft.aulast=Rothbart&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.nli.org.il%2Fen%2Fcovid-19-crisis-response%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070421084915/http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html">"History and aims"</a>. <i>About the Library</i>. Jewish National & University Library History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html">the original</a> on 21 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+Library&rft.atitle=History+and+aims&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnul.huji.ac.il%2Feng%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrey2020" class="citation news cs1">Grey, Tobias (17 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-civilization-reflected-in-writing-11595008331">"Islamic Civilization Reflected in Writing; A new project by the National Library of Israel will digitize more than 2,500 rare manuscripts and books in Arabic, Persian and other languages"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026181833/https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-civilization-reflected-in-writing-11595008331">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Islamic+Civilization+Reflected+in+Writing%3B+A+new+project+by+the+National+Library+of+Israel+will+digitize+more+than+2%2C500+rare+manuscripts+and+books+in+Arabic%2C+Persian+and+other+languages&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft.aulast=Grey&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fislamic-civilization-reflected-in-writing-11595008331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/newton/collection_eng.html">Newton Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070724080024/http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/newton/collection_eng.html">Archived</a> 24 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.5183143">"Israel National Library Uploads Trove of Newton's Theological Tracts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327151231/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5183143">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+National+Library+Uploads+Trove+of+Newton%27s+Theological+Tracts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F1.5183143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.5123036">"National Library, Germany Partner to Put Papers Online"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072332/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5123036">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=National+Library%2C+Germany+Partner+to+Put+Papers+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F1.5123036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amit-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amit_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cmsprod.bgu.ac.il/Eng/Centers/Templates/GeneralTemplateENG.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fEng%2fCenters%2freview%2fsummer2008%2flooting%2ehtml&NRNODEGUID=%7b2C62F8D7-1D9B-4F90-85E6-9D67B902D7A7%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#_ednref15">The Looting of the Palestinian Books</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140513195926/http://cmsprod.bgu.ac.il/Eng/Centers/Templates/GeneralTemplateENG.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fEng%2fCenters%2freview%2fsummer2008%2flooting%2ehtml&NRNODEGUID=%7b2C62F8D7-1D9B-4F90-85E6-9D67B902D7A7%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#_ednref15">Archived</a> 13 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Mitaam: a Review for radical thought 8 (December 2006), pp. 12–22, by Gish Amit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel State Archive, Jerusalem, 1429/3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAderet2012" class="citation news cs1">Aderet, Ofer (7 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-preserving-or-looting-palestinian-books-in-jerusalem-1.5300200">"Preserving or Looting Palestinian Books in Jerusalem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925002247/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/preserving-or-looting-palestinian-books-in-jerusalem.premium-1.483352">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Preserving+or+Looting+Palestinian+Books+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft.aulast=Aderet&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F.premium-preserving-or-looting-palestinian-books-in-jerusalem-1.5300200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMermelstein2011" class="citation web cs1">Mermelstein, Hannah (Autumn 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140513202241/http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/images/ArticlesPdf/47-%20Over%20Due%20Books.pdf">"Overdue Books: Returning Palestine's "Abandoned Property" of 1948"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jerusalem Quarterly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/images/ArticlesPdf/47-%20Over%20Due%20Books.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Overdue+Books%3A+Returning+Palestine%27s+%22Abandoned+Property%22+of+1948&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Mermelstein&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalemquarterly.org%2Fimages%2FArticlesPdf%2F47-%2520Over%2520Due%2520Books.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/israel-gets-missing-kafka-papers-ending-long-legal-battle/">"Israel Gets Missing Kafka Papers, Ending Long Legal Battle"</a>. <i>Courthouse News Service</i>. Agence France-Presse. 7 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204142738/https://www.courthousenews.com/israel-gets-missing-kafka-papers-ending-long-legal-battle/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Courthouse+News+Service&rft.atitle=Israel+Gets+Missing+Kafka+Papers%2C+Ending+Long+Legal+Battle&rft.date=2019-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fisrael-gets-missing-kafka-papers-ending-long-legal-battle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Library+of+Israel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jns.org/living-encyclopedia-stuart-rosenblatt-donates-irish-jewish-family-records-to-national-library-of-israel/">'Living encyclopedia' Stuart Rosenblatt donates Irish-Jewish family records to National Library of Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403230258/https://www.jns.org/living-encyclopedia-stuart-rosenblatt-donates-irish-jewish-family-records-to-national-library-of-israel/">Archived</a> 3 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", by Avi Kumar, <i>Jewish News Syndicate</i>, 2 December 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-724535">Grapevine 11 December 2022: Beyond Blarney</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017220129/https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-724535">Archived</a> 17 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", by Greer Fay Cashman, in <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>, 11 December 2022.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading 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title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_assimilation" title="Jewish assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Atheists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta_Christianity" title="Xueta Christianity">Xueta Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groups_claiming_affiliation_with_Israelites" title="Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites">Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diaspora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuts" title="Chuts">Chuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galitzianers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Lita'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlander_Jews" title="Oberlander Jews">Oberlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Udmurtia_and_Tatarstan" title="History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan">Udmurt and Tatar Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterlander_Jews" title="Unterlander Jews">Unterlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekke" title="Yekke">Yekkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Abraham" title="Beta Abraham">Beta Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falash_Mura" title="Falash Mura">Falash Mura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_Jews" title="Desi Jews">Desi Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Kochinim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzínim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinopolitan_Karaites" title="Constantinopolitan Karaites">Constantinopolitan Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdish Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Jews" title="Maghrebi Jews">Maghrebi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alexandria" title="History of the Jews in Alexandria">Alexandrian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Jews" title="Baghdadi Jews">Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egyptian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Persian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfalim" title="Urfalim">Urfalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeni_Jews" title="Adeni Jews">Adeni Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habbani_Jews" title="Habbani Jews">Ḥabbanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">Hadhrami Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saada" title="History of the Jews in Saada">Saada Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27arabi_Jews" title="Musta'arabi Jews">Mustaʿravim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Jewish tribes of Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Eastern Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Livorno" title="History of the Jews in Livorno">Livornese Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Sephardim" title="North African Sephardim">North African Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Jews" title="Paradesi Jews">Paradesi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshuchrarim" title="Meshuchrarim">Meshuchrarim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Sephardic Bnei Anusim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_diaspora_languages" title="List of Jewish diaspora languages">Diasporic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language#List_of_signed_languages" title="Manually coded language">Signed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_vocalization" title="Babylonian vocalization">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_vocalization" title="Palestinian vocalization">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Catalanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Amazigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Yahudic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Judeo-Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judeo-Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judaeo-Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum_(Aramaic_dialects)" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Barzani" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Betanure" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure">Betanure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Hulaulá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Zakho" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho">Lishana Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Urmia" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia">Lishán Didán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Lishanid Noshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic">Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judeo-Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Judaeo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judaeo-Piedmontese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Latin" title="Judeo-Latin">Judeo-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judaeo-Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judeo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Borujerdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Borujerdi">Judeo-Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Golpaygani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Golpaygani">Judeo-Golpaygani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Hamedani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Hamedani">Judeo-Hamedani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Shirazi" title="Judeo-Shirazi">Judeo-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Juhuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayliñña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Kivruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Koiné Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotegorisch" title="Lotegorisch">Lotegorisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwareña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Shassagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Shuadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Yiddish">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galitzish" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzish">Galitzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Yiddish">Litvish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poylish" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylish">Poylish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Klezmer-loshn" title="Klezmer-loshn">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yiddish">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Alsatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Alsatian">Judeo-Alsatian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_authority" title="Rabbinic authority">Rabbinic authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Eschatology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_in_Judaism" title="Holiness in Judaism">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sefirot" title="Sefirot">Sefirot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Branches_of_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of Judaism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvishe" class="mw-redirect" title="Litvishe">Litvaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Hasidism" title="Neo-Hasidism">Neo-Hasidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolog_Judaism" title="Neolog Judaism">Neolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationships_between_Jewish_religious_movements" title="Relationships between Jewish religious movements">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Sifrei Kodesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a>/Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_texts_of_Kabbalah" title="Primary texts of Kabbalah">Kabbalah texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hekhalot_literature" title="Hekhalot literature">Hekhalot literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_Rimonim" title="Pardes Rimonim">Pardes Rimonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_HaBahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer HaBahir">Sefer HaBahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_(book)" title="Etz Chaim (book)">Sefer HaEtz Chaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Raziel_HaMalakh" title="Sefer Raziel HaMalakh">Sefer Raziel HaMalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_literature" title="Hebrew literature">Hebrew literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Astrology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monen" title="Monen">Monen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leadership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Divorce in Judaism">Divorce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_mythology" title="Jewish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_symbolism" title="Jewish symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Jewish_History" title="Center for Jewish History">Center for Jewish History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Historical_Society" title="American Jewish Historical Society">American Jewish Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sephardi_Federation" title="American Sephardi Federation">American Sephardi Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baeck_Institute_New_York" title="Leo Baeck Institute New York">Leo Baeck Institute New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University_Museum" title="Yeshiva University Museum">Yeshiva University Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO Institute for Jewish Research</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_Contemporary_Jewish_Documentation" title="Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation">Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic studies on Jews">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Jew (word)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Library of Israel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_YIVO_Encyclopedia_of_Jews_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe">YIVO Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Holocaust" title="Encyclopedia of the Holocaust">Encyclopedia of the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust Encyclopedia">Holocaust Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_other_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Anabaptist–Jewish relations">Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Mormonism" title="Judaism and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Judaism" title="Protestantism and Judaism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Halloween" title="Jews and Halloween">Jews and Halloween</a></li></ul></li> <li>non-Christian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/21px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/28px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Jerusalem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_Jerusalem" title="Template:Tourism in Jerusalem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_Jerusalem" title="Template talk:Tourism in Jerusalem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_Jerusalem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in Jerusalem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Jerusalem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in Jerusalem</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Armon_HaNatziv" class="mw-redirect" title="Armon HaNatziv">Armon HaNatziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chords_Bridge" title="Chords Bridge">Chords Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem">Gates of the Old City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Gate" title="Herod's Gate">Herod's Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Gate" title="Jaffa Gate">Jaffa Gate</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Architects_Tombs_at_Jaffa_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="The Architects Tombs at Jaffa Gate">The Architects Tombs at Jaffa Gate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions' Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Gate" title="New Gate">New Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_Gate" title="Zion Gate">Zion Gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefiore_Windmill" title="Montefiore Windmill">Montefiore Windmill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Library of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem%E2%80%93Yitzhak_Navon_railway_station" title="Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station">Navon railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">Tower of David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">Walls of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Lands_Museum" title="Bible Lands Museum">Bible Lands Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Science_Museum" title="Bloomfield Science Museum">Bloomfield Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_House" title="Burnt House">Burnt House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_the_Holocaust" title="Chamber of the Holocaust">Chamber of the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Zion_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends of Zion Museum">Friends of Zion Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heichal_Shlomo" title="Heichal Shlomo">Heichal Shlomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_Quarter" title="Herodian Quarter">Herodian Quarter – Wohl Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzl_Museum" title="Herzl Museum">Herzl Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin_Heritage_Center" title="Menachem Begin Heritage Center">Menachem Begin Heritage Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_for_Islamic_Art,_Jerusalem" title="Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem">Museum for Islamic Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Tolerance_Jerusalem" title="Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem">Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Underground_Prisoners" title="Museum of Underground Prisoners">Museum of Underground Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_on_the_Seam" title="Museum on the Seam">Museum on the Seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa_Jewish_Heritage_Center" title="North Africa Jewish Heritage Center">North Africa Jewish Heritage Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv_Courtyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Yishuv Courtyard">Old Yishuv Courtyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus-Haus" title="Paulus-Haus">Paulus-Haus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Archeological_Museum" title="Rockefeller Archeological Museum">Rockefeller Archeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Compound" title="Russian Compound">Russian Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottenstein_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Schottenstein campus">Schottenstein campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebenberg_House" title="Siebenberg House">Siebenberg House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern_House" title="Stern House">Stern House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Institute" title="Temple Institute">Temple Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Sancta_Museum" title="Terra Sancta Museum">Terra Sancta Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticho_House" title="Ticho House">Ticho House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">Tower of David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._Nahon_Museum_of_Italian_Jewish_Art" title="U. Nahon Museum of Italian Jewish Art">U. Nahon Museum of Italian Jewish Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Levi_Eshkol" title="Yad Levi Eshkol">Yad Levi Eshkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judaism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ades_Synagogue" title="Ades Synagogue">Ades Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv_Courtyard#Ari_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Yishuv Courtyard">Ari Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_El_Kabbalist_yeshiva" title="Beit El Kabbalist yeshiva">Beit El Kabbalist yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belz_Great_Synagogue" title="Belz Great Synagogue">Belz Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Sephardic_Synagogues" title="Four Sephardic Synagogues">Four Sephardic Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Synagogue (Jerusalem)">Great Synagogue of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecht_Synagogue" title="Hecht Synagogue">Hecht Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heichal_Shlomo" title="Heichal Shlomo">Heichal Shlomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurva_Synagogue" title="Hurva Synagogue">Hurva Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohel_Yitzchak_Synagogue" title="Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue">Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohr_ha-Chaim_Synagogue" title="Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue">Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Motza_Synagogue" title="Old Motza Synagogue">Old Motza Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Zaruaa_Synagogue" title="Or Zaruaa Synagogue">Or Zaruaa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Dr._I._Goldstein_Synagogue" title="Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue">Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_Synagogue" title="Ramban Synagogue">Ramban Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiferet_Yisrael_Synagogue" title="Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue">Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzuf_Dvash_Synagogue" title="Tzuf Dvash Synagogue">Tzuf Dvash Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Plaza" title="Western Wall Plaza">Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Arch_(Jerusalem)" title="Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)">Wilson's Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoharei_Chama_Synagogue" title="Zoharei Chama Synagogue">Zoharei Chama Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Chapel of Simon of Cyrene">Chapel of Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Annunciation,_Jerusalem" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem">Cathedral of the Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Flagellation" title="Church of the Flagellation">Church of the Flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_es-Sultan" title="Deir es-Sultan">Deir es-Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Saint_Helena,_Jerusalem" title="Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem">Chapel of Saint Helena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Anne,_Jerusalem" title="Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem">Church of Saint Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Family,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Holy Family, Jerusalem">Church of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_the_Most_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus">Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_Tomb" title="The Garden Tomb">Garden Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Gethsemane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_All_Nations" title="Church of All Nations">Church of All Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Saviour" title="Monastery of Saint Saviour">Monastery of Saint Saviour</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khanqah_al-Salahiyya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque">Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_Al-Ashrafiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya">Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwani_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwani Mosque">Marwani Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Jerusalem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)">Mosque of Omar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Wall_(Jerusalem)" title="Broad Wall (Jerusalem)">Broad Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Nicanor" title="Cave of Nicanor">Cave of Nicanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Minor_Sanhedrin" title="Cave of the Minor Sanhedrin">Cave of the Minor Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Ramban" title="Cave of the Ramban">Cave of the Ramban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(archaeological_site)" title="City of David (archaeological site)">City of David</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siloam_tunnel" title="Siloam tunnel">Siloam tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Lavan" title="Ein Lavan">Ein Lavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelite_Tower" title="Israelite Tower">Israelite Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason%27s_Tomb" title="Jason's Tomb">Jason's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Archaeological_Park" title="Jerusalem Archaeological Park">Jerusalem Archaeological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Walls_National_Park" title="Jerusalem Walls National Park">Jerusalem Walls National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketef_Hinnom" title="Ketef Hinnom">Ketef Hinnom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamilla_Pool" title="Mamilla Pool">Mamilla Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Seat_of_Mary" title="Church of the Seat of Mary">Old Kathisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cardo_(Jerusalem)" title="The Cardo (Jerusalem)">The Cardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Absalom" title="Tomb of Absalom">Tomb of Absalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Benei_Hezir" title="Tomb of Benei Hezir">Tomb of Benei Hezir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_Kings_(Jerusalem)" title="Tombs of the Kings (Jerusalem)">Tombs of the Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Prophets" title="Tomb of the Prophets">Tomb of the Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_Sanhedrin" title="Tombs of the Sanhedrin">Tombs of the Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Zechariah" title="Tomb of Zechariah">Tomb of Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David_(northeast_tower)" title="Tower of David (northeast tower)">Tower of David (northeast tower)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah%27s_Cave" title="Zedekiah's Cave">Zedekiah's Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gates, streets, squares, areas of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Quarter" title="Bukharan Quarter">Bukharan Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutzot_HaYotzer" title="Hutzot HaYotzer">Artists' Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Kerem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ein Kerem">Ein Kerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_Street" title="Ethiopia Street">Ethiopia Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidka_Square" title="Davidka Square">Davidka Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_Square" title="Zion Square">Zion Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzahal_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzahal Square">Tzahal Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safra_Square" title="Safra Square">Safra Square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Quarter (Jerusalem)">Armenian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muristan" title="Muristan">Muristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalat_Shiv%27a" title="Nahalat Shiv'a">Nahalat Shiv'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Square_(Jerusalem)" title="Paris Square (Jerusalem)">Paris Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemin_Moshe" title="Yemin Moshe">Yemin Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_Square" title="Zion Square">Zion Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Hill,_Jerusalem" title="Bible Hill, Jerusalem">Bible Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_the_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations">Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_Valley" title="Gazelle Valley">Gazelle Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Park_(Jerusalem)" title="Independence Park (Jerusalem)">Independence Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Biblical_Zoo" title="Jerusalem Biblical Zoo">Jerusalem Biblical Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bird_Observatory" title="Jerusalem Bird Observatory">Jerusalem Bird Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Botanical_Gardens" title="Jerusalem Botanical Gardens">Jerusalem Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Trail" title="Jerusalem Trail">Jerusalem Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_Park" title="Liberty Bell Park">Liberty Bell Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Metropolitan_Park" title="Jerusalem Metropolitan Park">Jerusalem Metropolitan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Hyde_Memorial_Garden" title="Orson Hyde Memorial Garden">Orson Hyde Memorial Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacher_Park" title="Sacher Park">Sacher Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Park_%26_Galleries,_Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="The Nature Park & Galleries, Hebrew University of Jerusalem">The Nature Park & Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Park_(Jerusalem)" title="Teddy Park (Jerusalem)">Teddy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_Track_Park" title="Train Track Park">Train Track Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wohl_Rose_Park" title="Wohl Rose Park">Wohl Rose Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Kennedy" title="Yad Kennedy">Yad Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Ram_Stadium" title="Givat Ram Stadium">Givat Ram Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sports_Quarter" title="Jerusalem Sports Quarter">Jerusalem Sports Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malha_Arena" title="Malha Arena">Malha Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pais_Arena" title="Pais Arena">Pais Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Stadium" title="Teddy Stadium">Teddy Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Colony_Hotel" title="American Colony Hotel">American Colony Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Pilgrim_Hospice_to_the_Holy_Family" title="Austrian Pilgrim Hospice to the Holy Family">Austrian Pilgrim Hospice to the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Citadel_Hotel" title="David Citadel Hotel">David Citadel Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_House" title="The Heritage House">The Heritage House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbal_Jerusalem_Hotel" title="Inbal Jerusalem Hotel">Inbal Jerusalem Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Gate_Hotel" title="Jerusalem Gate Hotel">Jerusalem Gate Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel" title="King David Hotel">King David Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Plaza_Hotel_Jerusalem" title="Leonardo Plaza Hotel Jerusalem">Leonardo Plaza Hotel Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives_Hotel" title="Mount of Olives Hotel">Mount of Olives Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Arches_Hotel" title="Seven Arches Hotel">Seven Arches Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Har_HaMenuchot" title="Har HaMenuchot">Har HaMenuchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamilla_Cemetery" title="Mamilla Cemetery">Mamilla Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives_Jewish_Cemetery" title="Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery">Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Herzl" title="Mount Herzl">Mount Herzl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_the_Missing_in_Action" title="Garden of the Missing in Action">Garden of the Missing in Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Acts_of_Terror_Memorial" title="Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial">Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedria_Cemetery" title="Sanhedria Cemetery">Sanhedria Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaare_Zedek_Cemetery,_Jerusalem" title="Shaare Zedek Cemetery, Jerusalem">Shaare Zedek Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Badr_Cemetery" title="Sheikh Badr Cemetery">Sheikh Badr Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabachnik_Garden" title="Tabachnik Garden">Tabachnik Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment and performance arts centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Behar_Center" title="Gerard Behar Center">Gerard Behar Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_Center_(Jerusalem)" title="International Convention Center (Jerusalem)">International Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Cinematheque" title="Jerusalem Cinematheque">Jerusalem Cinematheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Theatre" title="Jerusalem Theatre">Jerusalem Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Khan_Theatre" title="Jerusalem Khan Theatre">Khan Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Markets and shopping centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_(Jerusalem)" title="Ben Yehuda Street (Jerusalem)">Ben Yehuda Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_Market" title="Mahane Yehuda Market">Mahane Yehuda Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malha_Mall" title="Malha Mall">Malha Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamilla_Mall" title="Mamilla Mall">Mamilla Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Souk_(Old_City)" title="Arab Souk (Old City)">Suq el-Bazaar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Jerusalem_Biennale_(2013)" title="1st Jerusalem Biennale (2013)">1st Jerusalem Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Prayer_for_the_Peace_of_Jerusalem" title="Day of Prayer for the Peace of Jerusalem">Day of Prayer for the Peace of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Fire" title="Holy Fire">Holy Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Festival" title="Israel Festival">Israel Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Festival_of_Light" title="Jerusalem Festival of Light">Jerusalem Festival of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Film_Festival" title="Jerusalem Film Festival">Jerusalem Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem#Events_and_festivals" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Jerusalem Food Truck Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" title="Temple Mount Sifting Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_ceramics_in_Jerusalem" title="Armenian ceramics in Jerusalem">Armenian ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placing_notes_in_the_Western_Wall" title="Placing notes in the Western Wall">Placing notes in the Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_bagel" title="Jerusalem bagel">Jerusalem bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" title="Kubbeh">Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel_Yerushalmi" title="Kugel Yerushalmi">Kugel Yerushalmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_Hamin" title="Macaroni Hamin">Macaroni Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_syndrome" title="Jerusalem syndrome">Jerusalem syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Cuisine of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Israel" title="Tourism in Israel">Tourism in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_libraries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_libraries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National libraries</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bangladesh" title="National Library of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bhutan" title="National Library of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cambodia" title="National Library of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_China" title="National Library of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_East_Timor" title="National Library of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_India" title="National Library of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Indonesia" title="National Library of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Jordan" title="National Library of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Library of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kuwait" title="National Library of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Laos" title="National Library of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malaysia" title="National Library of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mongolia" title="National Library of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Myanmar" title="National Library of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Library of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Tajikistan" title="National Library of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Thailand" title="National Library of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Uzbekistan" title="National Library of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Vietnam" title="National Library of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Yemen" title="National Library of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="National Library of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188915#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188915#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188915#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000086207344">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128054327">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1929070/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ha- Sifriyyā ha-Leʾûmmît"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/106122161X">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009197324">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sifriyah ha-le'umit (Izrael)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20120223011&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000240632&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007312030905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for 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