CINXE.COM

The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex - Dalton Transactions (RSC Publishing)

<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8 ]><html class="ie ie8" lang="en"><![endif]--> <!--[if !(IE)]><!--> <html lang="en"> <!--<![endif]--> <head id="Head1"> <title> The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex - Dalton Transactions (RSC Publishing) </title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-aaa897feae8feeca979","applicationID":"1313546638","transactionName":"M1wANxQFCEcDVU0PWgoWLzUlSyVbDEJcCEEnVgwXFAsKWAdEFgdHEFABDwMIB1oGX1cB","queueTime":1,"applicationTime":89,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1386013924",accountID:"2851366",trustKey:"1029994",xpid:"Vg4CUFVVDhABV1BRAgUBUFcJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-aaa897feae8feeca979",applicationID:"1313546638"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.rsc-cdn.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2d89ef"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <!--[if lt IE 9 ]> <script> document.createElement('header'); document.createElement('nav'); document.createElement('section'); document.createElement('article'); document.createElement('aside'); document.createElement('footer'); </script> <![endif]--> <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/webfonts/fonts.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/stylesheets/pubs-ui.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta name="dc.domain" content="pdf" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Royal Society of Chemistry" }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/dt/b910711h" }, "headline": "The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex", "image": "https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/Image/GA/B910711H", "isAccessibleForFree": "False", "hasPart": { "@type": "WebPageElement", "isAccessibleForFree": "False", "cssSelector": ".t-html" } } </script> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@daltontrans" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/dt/b910711h" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/Image/GA/B910711H" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The redox properties of sumanene C21H12 and its concave Fe(II) complex [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)]+ have been elucidated through an electrochemical study in non-aqueous solvents, i.e. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile (MeCN). The electron transfer activity of sumanene can be depicted as an irreversible oxid" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/dt/b910711h" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Piero Zanello" /> <meta content="Piero Zanello" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit脿 di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena, Italy" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Serena Fedi" /> <meta content="Serena Fedi" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit脿 di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena, Italy" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani" /> <meta content="Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit脿 di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena, Italy" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Gianluca Giorgi" /> <meta content="Gianluca Giorgi" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit脿 di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena, Italy" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Toru Amaya" /> <meta content="Toru Amaya" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Osaka, Japan" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Hiroyuki Sakane" /> <meta content="Hiroyuki Sakane" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Osaka, Japan" name="citation_author_institution" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Toshikazu Hirao" /> <meta content="Toshikazu Hirao" name="citation_author" /><meta content="Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Osaka, Japan" name="citation_author_institution" /><meta name="DC.title" content="The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex" /> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="The Royal Society of Chemistry" /> <meta name="DC.issued" content="2009/09/03" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.1039/B910711H" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="PPL.DocType" content="journals" /> <meta name="description" content="The redox properties of sumanene C21H12 and its concave Fe(II) complex [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)]+ have been elucidated through an electrochemical study in non-aqueous solvents, i.e. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile (MeCN). The electron transfer activity of sumanene can be depicted as an irreversible oxid " /> <meta content="1477-9234" name="citation_issn" /> <meta content="The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="2009/09/03" name="citation_online_date" /><meta content="2009/10/20" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta content="Dalton Transactions" name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="42" name="citation_issue" /> <meta content="9192" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="9197" name="citation_lastpage" /> <meta content="10.1039/B910711H" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2009/dt/b910711h" name="citation_pdf_url" /> <meta content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/dt/b910711h" name="citation_abstract_html_url" /> <meta content="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2009/dt/b910711h" name="citation_fulltext_html_url" /> <meta content="Dalton Trans." name="citation_journal_abbrev" /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=S. Bosi; citation_author=T. Da Ros; citation_author=G. Spalluto; citation_author=M. Prato; citation_journal_title=Eur. J. Med. Chem.; citation_volume=38; citation_pages=913-923;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=B. S. Sherigara; citation_author=W. Kutner; citation_author=F. D&#39;Souza; citation_journal_title=Electroanalysis; citation_volume=15; citation_pages=753-772;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. M. Guldi; citation_author=A. Rahman; citation_author=V. Sgobba; citation_author=C. Ehli; citation_journal_title=Chem. Soc. Rev.; citation_volume=35; citation_pages=471-487;citation_publication_date=2006; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=B. C. Thompson; citation_author=J. M. Fr&#233;chet; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=47; citation_pages=58-77;citation_publication_date=2008; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. Janata; citation_author=J. Gendell; citation_author=C.-Y. Ling; citation_author=W. Barth; citation_author=L. Backes; citation_author=H. B. Mark; citation_author=R. G. Lawton; citation_journal_title=J. Am. Chem. Soc.; citation_volume=89; citation_pages=3056-3058;citation_publication_date=1967; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=T. J. Seiders; citation_author=K. K. Baldridge; citation_author=J. S. Siegel; citation_author=R. Gleiter; citation_journal_title=Tetrahedron Lett.; citation_volume=41; citation_pages=4519-4522;citation_publication_date=2000; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=R. J. Angelici; citation_author=B. Zhu; citation_author=S. Fedi; citation_author=F. Laschi; citation_author=P. Zanello; citation_journal_title=Inorg. Chem.; citation_volume=46; citation_pages=10901-10906;citation_publication_date=2007; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=T. Amaya; citation_author=S. Seki; citation_author=T. Moriuchi; citation_author=K. Nakamoto; citation_author=T. Nakata; citation_author=H. Sakane; citation_author=A. Saeki; citation_author=S. Tagawa; citation_author=T. Hirao; citation_journal_title=J. Am. Chem. Soc.; citation_volume=131; citation_pages=408-409;citation_publication_date=2009; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. A. Petrukhina; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=47; citation_pages=1550-1552;citation_publication_date=2008; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=T. Amaya; citation_author=H. Sakane; citation_author=T. Hirao; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=46; citation_pages=8376-8379;citation_publication_date=2007; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=H. Sakane; citation_author=T. Amaya; citation_author=T. Moriuchi; citation_author=T Hirao; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.; citation_volume=48; citation_pages=1640-1643;citation_publication_date=2009; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J.-R. Hamon; citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_author=P. Michaud; citation_journal_title=J. Am. Chem. Soc.; citation_volume=103; citation_pages=758-766;citation_publication_date=1981; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_journal_title=Tetrahedron; citation_volume=39; citation_pages=4027-4095;citation_publication_date=1983; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=W. J. Bowyer; citation_author=W. E. Geiger; citation_author=V. Boekelheide; citation_journal_title=Organometallics; citation_volume=3; citation_pages=1079-1086;citation_publication_date=1984; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Darchen; citation_journal_title=J. Organomet. Chem.; citation_volume=302; citation_pages=389-402;citation_publication_date=1986; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. Lacoste; citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_journal_title=J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.; citation_pages=667-669;citation_publication_date=1987; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=88; citation_pages=1189-1216;citation_publication_date=1988; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. Lacoste; citation_author=H. Rabaa; citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_author=A. Le Beuze; citation_author=J.-Y. Saillard; citation_author=G. Pr&#233;cigoux; citation_author=C. Courseille; citation_author=N. Ardoin; citation_author=W. Bowyer; citation_journal_title=Organometallics; citation_volume=8; citation_pages=2233-2242;citation_publication_date=1989; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=Z. J. Karpinski; citation_author=J. K. Kochi; citation_journal_title=J. Organomet. Chem.; citation_volume=437; citation_pages=211-225;citation_publication_date=1992; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_journal_title=J. Organomet. Chem.; citation_volume=689; citation_pages=4332-4344;citation_publication_date=2004; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. Ruiz; citation_author=F. Ogliaro; citation_author=J.-Y. Saillard; citation_author=J.-F. Halet; citation_author=F. Varret; citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_journal_title=J. Am. Chem. Soc.; citation_volume=120; citation_pages=11693-11705;citation_publication_date=1998; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=C. Moinet; citation_author=E. Roman; citation_author=D. Astruc; citation_journal_title=J. Electroanal. Chem.; citation_volume=121; citation_pages=241-253;citation_publication_date=1981; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. Heinze; citation_journal_title=Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.; citation_volume=23; citation_pages=831-847;citation_publication_date=1984; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. M. O&#39;Connor; citation_author=C. P. Casey; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=87; citation_pages=307-318;citation_publication_date=1987; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=E. L. Muetterties; citation_author=J. R. Bleeke; citation_author=E. J. Wucherer; citation_author=T. Albright; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=82; citation_pages=499-525;citation_publication_date=1982; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=Y.-T. Wu; citation_author=J. S. Siegel; citation_journal_title=Chem. Rev.; citation_volume=106; citation_pages=4843-4867;citation_publication_date=2006; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=H. Sakurai; citation_author=T. Daiko; citation_author=H. Sakane; citation_author=T. Amaya; citation_author=T. Hirao; citation_journal_title=J. Am. Chem. Soc.; citation_volume=127; citation_pages=11580-11581;citation_publication_date=2005; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=U. D. Priyakumar; citation_author=G. N. Sastry; citation_journal_title=J. Phys. Chem. A; citation_volume=105; citation_pages=4488-4496;citation_publication_date=2001; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=H. Sakurai; citation_author=T. Daiko; citation_author=T. Hirao; citation_journal_title=Science; citation_volume=301; citation_pages=1878;citation_publication_date=2003; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. J. P. Stewart; citation_journal_title=J. Mol. Model.; citation_volume=13; citation_pages=1173-1213;citation_publication_date=2007; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Klamt; citation_author=G. Sch&#252;&#252;mann; citation_journal_title=J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2; citation_pages=799-805;citation_publication_date=1993; " /> <meta content="The redox properties of sumanene C21H12 and its concave Fe(II) complex [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)]+ have been elucidated through an electrochemical study in non-aqueous solvents, i.e. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile (MeCN). The electron transfer activity of sumanene can be depicted as an irreversible oxidation and a partially chemically reversible one-electron reduction, both processes being located in proximity of the respective discharges of the solvents.The Fe(II) complex [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)](PF6) in turn exhibits the Fe(II)/Fe(I) reduction, which in both DMF and MeCN solvents displays features of partial chemical reversibility, coupled to decomposition of the corresponding Fe(I) species [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)] to fragments which, upon reoxidation, regenerate for the most part the original Fe(II)-sumanene species. In fact, among the fragments produced by exhaustive reduction, ESI measurements allowed the detection of ferrocene, the oxidation of which probably triggers the partial regeneration of the original Fe(II) complex. The pertinent PM6 semiempirical study accounts for the limited chemical reversibility of the redox processes exhibited by both sumanene and its Fe(II) complex." name="citation_abstract" /> <meta name="fragment" content="!" /> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start for pubs.rsc.org --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/consent/4858ece2-d985-4da2-982d-42219fead606/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="4858ece2-d985-4da2-982d-42219fead606"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for pubs.rsc.org --> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5HVSFVCN');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <body id="pagetop" class="oxy-ui pubs-ui alp-page "> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5HVSFVCN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div data-id="pnlAccSkipLinks" class="skipto-control"> <a href="#maincontent" class="skipto__link"> <div class="viewport r-gutter"> Jump to main content <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right-o-light.png" width="24" class="ver-m" alt=""> </div> </a> <a href="#SearchText" class="skipto__link"> <div class="viewport r-gutter"> Jump to site search <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right-o-light.png" width="24" class="ver-m" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <header role="banner" data-id="pnlGlobalHeader" class="pubs-header"> <div class="viewport"> <div class="pubs-header__wrapper"> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--menu"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnHamburgerMainNav" class="pubs-header__btn pubs-header__btn--open" aria-label="Open site menu"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/menu-light.png" width="24" alt=""></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--home"> <a href="/" class="pubs-header__link pubs-header__link--home" title="Publishing home page" aria-label="Publishing home page">Publishing</a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--nav"> <nav class="pubs-header__nav"> <ul> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="/en/journals?key=title&amp;value=current" class="pubs-header__link" target="_self">Journals</a></li> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="https://books.rsc.org/books/search-results?fl_SiteID=5&amp;page=1&amp;f_ContentType=Book&amp;sort=Date+-+Newest+First" class="pubs-header__link" target="_blank">Books</a></li> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/databases-literature-updates/" class="pubs-header__link" target="_blank">Databases</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--search-mobile"> <a href="#" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="Search" id="mobileSearchTrigger"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/search-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="mobileSearchIcon"></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--search"> <div class="pubs-search-control"> <form action="/en/results" aria-label="Sitewide" id="SimpleSearch-form" method="post" role="search"> <label for="SearchText" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input autocomplete="off" class="pubs-search__input" id="SearchText" name="SearchText" type="search" value="" /> <div class="pubs-search__actions"> <button class="input__search-submit" type="submit" aria-label="Search" id="btnNavSearchInput"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt=""></button> <a class="pubs-search__adv-link" href="/en/search/advancedsearch" aria-label="Advanced search" id="advancedLink">Advanced</a> </div> <span class="pubs-search__icon"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--login"> <a href="/en/account/logon" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="Log in or register"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/user-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="userIcon"></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--trolley"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/basket/shoppingcart/orderitems?returnurl=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2009/dt/b910711h" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="View your basket"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/trolley-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="trolleyIcon"></a> <span class="badge badge--count" style="display: none;"></span> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--logo"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org" class=""><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/rsc-logo-rev-pubs.svg" height="40" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-search" id="mobileSearchPanel"> <div class="viewport"> <div class=""> <div class="autopad--h fixpadt--l"> <form action="/en/results" aria-label="Sitewide" id="SimpleSearch-formMobile" method="post" role="search"> <label for="SearchTextMobile" class="sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input__search"> <i class="icon--search"></i> <input autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search term, doi, title, author" type="search" class="input__field input__field--basic input__label--block" id="SearchTextMobile" name="SearchText"> <button class="input__search-submit" name="search" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt="" class="input__submit-icon"> </button> </div> <div class="input--error" id="errSimpleSearchMobileText">You must enter a search term</div> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <a class="pubs-search__adv-link " href="/en/search/advancedsearch" aria-label="Advanced search" id="advancedLink">Advanced search</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="auth-header" data-id="pnlAuthHeader"> <div data-id="pnlSignIn"></div> <div class="viewport"> <div class="auth-header__institute-access"> <div class="auth-header__institute-messaging"> <span id="divWelcomeUser"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <noscript> <div class="viewport autopad--h fixpadb--m"> <div class="plate plate--warning"> You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our <a href="/en/home/nonjavascriptversion">non-JavaScript page</a>. </div> </div> </noscript> <div id="maincontent"> <div id="a11y-announcer" class="sr-only" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_dt_mpu_1', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_dt_mpu_2', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-2').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_dt_mpu_3', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-3').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <input type="hidden" id="clicked_GetPatents" value="false" /> <input id="pageNumberTab" type="hidden" /> <input id="CitedByPN" type="hidden" /> <br> <div class="viewport"> <div class="layout-control"> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--primary layout__panel--60 layout__panel--filled"> <section class="layout__content layout__content--padded"> <div class="article-nav"> <div class="article-nav__issue autopad--h"> <a href="/en/journals/journal/dt?issueid=dt009042&amp;type=current&amp;issnprint=1477-9226" aria-label="From Issue 42, 2009. Click to view all articles in this issue." title="Issue 42, 2009">Issue 42, 2009</a> </div> <nav aria-label="Article"> <ul class="article-nav__bar"> <li> <a href="/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2009/DT/B909249H"> Previous <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Article</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2009/DT/B906313G"> Next <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Article</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="list-control"> <div class="list__collection--image"> <div class="list__item"> <a href="/en/journals/journal/dt" class="list__item-link"> <div class="list__image-col"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=CoverIssue&amp;imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.SerCode=DT&amp;imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.IssueId=DT009042" id="imgLoader" alt="" class="list__item-img" height="88"> </div> <div class="list__text-col"> <div class="list__item-label"> <span class="page-head__context">From the journal:</span> <h3 class="h--heading3 no-heading">Dalton Transactions</h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <br> </div> <article class="article-control"> <div class="article__title"> <h2 class="capsule__title fixpadv--m"> The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex<a href="#fn1" title="Electronic supplementary information available: Experimental details. See DOI: 10.1039/b910711h">&#8224;</a> </h2> </div> <div class="article__authors"> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3APiero%20Zanello">Piero Zanello</a>,*<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> &nbsp; </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3ASerena%20Fedi">Serena Fedi</a>,<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> &nbsp; </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AFabrizia%20Fabrizi%20de%20Biani">Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani</a>,<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> &nbsp; </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AGianluca%20Giorgi">Gianluca Giorgi</a>,<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> &nbsp; </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AToru%20Amaya">Toru Amaya</a>,<span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span> &nbsp; </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AHiroyuki%20Sakane">Hiroyuki Sakane</a><span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span> &nbsp;and&nbsp; </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AToshikazu%20Hirao">Toshikazu Hirao</a>*<span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span> &nbsp; </span> </div> <div class="drawer-control fixpadv--m"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnAuthorAffiliations" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="pnlAuthorAffiliations" class="drawer__handle"> <span class="drawer__icon"></span> Author affiliations </a> <div class="drawer__content" id="pnlAuthorAffiliations" aria-labelledby="btnAuthorAffiliations"> <div> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> * </span> <span> Corresponding authors </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>a</sup> </span> <span> Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit&#224; di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>b</sup> </span> <span> Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Osaka, Japan </span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="h--heading3 article-abstract__heading">Abstract</h3> <div class="capsule__column-wrapper"> <div class="capsule__text"> <p xmlns="http://www.rsc.org/schema/rscart38">The <annref idrefs="ann1">redox</annref> properties of <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small> and its concave <compname idrefs="chem3">Fe(II)</compname> complex [(畏<small><sup>5</sup></small>-C<small><sub>5</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>)Fe(畏<small><sup>6</sup></small>-C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>)]<small><sup>+</sup></small> have been elucidated through an electrochemical study in non-aqueous <annref idrefs="ann2">solvents</annref>, <em>i.e. </em><compname idrefs="chem4"><em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylformamide</compname> (<compname idrefs="chem4">DMF</compname>) and <compname idrefs="chem5">acetonitrile</compname> (<compname idrefs="chem6">MeCN</compname>). The <annref idrefs="ann3">electron transfer</annref> activity of <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> can be depicted as an irreversible <annref idrefs="ann4">oxidation</annref> and a partially chemically reversible one-electron <annref idrefs="ann5">reduction</annref>, both processes being located in proximity of the respective discharges of the <annref idrefs="ann2">solvents</annref>.</p><p xmlns="http://www.rsc.org/schema/rscart38">The <compname idrefs="chem3">Fe(II)</compname> complex [(畏<small><sup>5</sup></small>-C<small><sub>5</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>)Fe(畏<small><sup>6</sup></small>-C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>)](PF<small><sub>6</sub></small>) in turn exhibits the <annref idrefs="ann6">Fe(II)</annref>/<compname idrefs="chem7">Fe(I)</compname> <annref idrefs="ann5">reduction</annref>, which in both <compname idrefs="chem8">DMF</compname> and <compname idrefs="chem6">MeCN</compname> <annref idrefs="ann2">solvents</annref> displays features of partial chemical reversibility, coupled to <annref idrefs="ann7">decomposition</annref> of the corresponding <compname idrefs="chem7">Fe(I)</compname> species [(畏<small><sup>5</sup></small>-C<small><sub>5</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>)Fe(畏<small><sup>6</sup></small>-C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>)] to fragments which, upon reoxidation, regenerate for the most part the original <compname idrefs="chem9">Fe(II)-sumanene</compname> species. In fact, among the fragments produced by exhaustive <annref idrefs="ann5">reduction</annref>, ESI measurements allowed the <annref idrefs="ann8">detection of</annref> <annref idrefs="ann9">ferrocene</annref>, the <annref idrefs="ann4">oxidation</annref> of which probably triggers the partial <annref idrefs="ann10">regeneration</annref> of the original <compname idrefs="chem3">Fe(II)</compname> complex. The pertinent PM6 semiempirical study accounts for the limited chemical reversibility of the <annref idrefs="ann1">redox</annref> processes exhibited by both <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> and its <compname idrefs="chem10">Fe</compname>(II) complex.</p> </div> <div class="capsule__article-image fixpadv--s"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=GA&amp;imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.ManuscriptID=B910711H&amp;imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.Year=2009" alt="Graphical abstract: The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex" /> </div> </div> <p></p> <div id="pnlArticleAccess" class="article-access fixpadt--xxl" style="display: none; border: 0;"> <div class="article-access__inner" style="background-color: #F1F1F3;"> <div class="article-access__head fixpad--s"> You have access to this article </div> <div class="fixpad--xl"> <div id="pnlViewFullArticleButton" class="paywall__body text--centered"> <div id="pnlArticleLoading"> <span id="thtmlLoadingMessage"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" class="ver-m" /> Please wait while we load your content... </span> <span id="thtmlErrorMessage" style="display: none;"> Something went wrong. <a href="#" id="btnTryAgain">Try again?</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pnlArticleContent" class="t-html"> <div id="pnlArticleContentLoaded"> </div> </div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--secondary layout__panel--40 layout__panel--filled"> <section class="layout__content"> <input id="contentType" name="contentType" type="hidden" value="" /> <div class="tab-control"> <div class="tab__nav" role="tablist" aria-label="Article"> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlAbstract" class="tab__btn selected" role="tab" id="btnAbstract" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="pnlAbstract">About</a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlCitation" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnCitation" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlCitation">Cited by</a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlRelatedContent" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnRelatedContent" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlRelatedContent">Related</a> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel open" role="tabpanel" id="pnlAbstract" aria-hidden="false" aria-labelledby="btnAbstract" data-loaded="true"> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <div id="divAbout"> <div id="DownloadOption" class="autopad--h fixpadv--l" style="min-height: 150px;"> <div class="text--centered"> <a href="#" class="btn btn--cta btn--disabled btn--block btn--stack btn-icon btn-icon--loading"> Download options <span class="btn-info">Please wait...</span> </a> </div> </div> <h2 class="autopad--h h--heading3">Supplementary files</h2> <div class="list-control"> <ul class="list__collection"> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/dt/b9/b910711h/b910711h.pdf" class="list__item-link" target="_blank"> <span class="list__item-label"> Experimental details <span class="list__item-additional"> PDF (431K)</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="autopad--h"> <h2 class="h--heading3">Article information</h2> <dl class="definition-list"> <div class="c doi-link"> <dt class="sr-only">DOI</dt> <dd class="c__24"><a class="text--small" title="Link to landing page via DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/B910711H">https://doi.org/10.1039/B910711H</a></dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <dt class="c__10"><strong>Article type</strong></dt> <dd class="c__14">Paper</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">Submitted</dt> <dd class="c__14">01 Jun 2009</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">Accepted</dt> <dd class="c__14">30 Jul 2009</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">First published</dt> <dd class="c__14">03 Sep 2009</dd> </div> </dl> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <div class="c__10"> <h3 class="definition-label"> <label for="ResultAbstractFormat"><span class="sr-only">Download</span> Citation</label> </h3> </div> <div class="c__14"> <i><strong>Dalton Trans.</strong></i>, 2009, 9192-9197 <br> <form action="/en/content/getformatedresult/b910711h?downloadtype=article" method="post"> <div class="select-basic"> <span> <select class="select-field" id="ResultAbstractFormat" name="ResultAbstractFormat"><option>BibTex</option> <option>EndNote</option> <option>MEDLINE</option> <option>ProCite</option> <option>ReferenceManager</option> <option>RefWorks</option> <option>RIS</option> </select> </span> <span> <input type="submit" name="go" id="Submit1" value="Go" class="btn btn--tiny" /> </span> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="alp-request-permissions" style="display: block;"> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <div class="c__10"><h3 class="definition-label">Permissions</h3></div> <div class="c__14"> <a class="alp-request-permissions__open-btn" id="requestPermission" role="button" rel="license" href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Request permissions: Click to open."> Request permissions </a> </div> </div> <div class="alp-request-permissions__content scrollbar--slim"> <a href="#" class="alp-request-permissions__close-btn btn__enter-popup" aria-label="You are in the 'Request permissions' pop up window. Click enter to close, or tab to continue."> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross.png" class="icon" width="24" alt=""> </a> <h3 class="h--heading3"> The electrochemical inspection of the <annref idrefs="ann1">redox activity</annref> of <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> and its concave <compname idrefs="chem2">CpFe</compname> complex </h3> <p> P. Zanello, S. Fedi, F. F. de Biani, G. Giorgi, T. Amaya, H. Sakane and T. Hirao, <i>Dalton Trans.</i>, 2009, 9192 <strong>DOI: </strong> 10.1039/B910711H </p> <p> To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the <a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/10.1039%2fB910711H">Copyright Clearance Center request page</a>. </p> <p> If you are <b>an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission</b> provided correct acknowledgement is given. </p> <p> If you are <b>the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams</b> provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the <a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/10.1039%2fB910711H">Copyright Clearance Center request page</a>. </p> <p> Read more about <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/journal-authors-reviewers/licences-copyright-permissions/#acknowledgements">how to correctly acknowledge RSC content</a>. </p> <a href="#" class="alp-request-permissions__close-btn btn__exit-popup" aria-label="You are at the end of the 'Request permissions' pop up window. Click enter to close, or tab to continue."><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross.png" class="icon" width="24" alt=""></a> </div> </div> <script> function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/altmetric_badges-8f271adb184c21cc5169a7f67f7fe5ab.js"; element.id = "altmetric-embed-js"; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent("onload", downloadJSAtOnload); } else { window.onload = downloadJSAtOnload; } </script> <div class="c fixpadv--l"> <div class="c__10"><h3 class="definition-label">Social activity</h3></div> <div class="c__14"><div data-badge-type="2" data-doi="10.1039/B910711H" data-condensed="true" class="altmetric-embed"></div></div> </div> <div class="c c--gap-xs fixpadb--xl"> <div class="c__12 c--fixed"> <a class="btn btn--small btn--block btn--social btn--twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=The+electrochemical+inspection+of+the+redox+activity+of+sumanene+and+its+concave+CpFe+complex+-+now+published+in+Dalton+Transactions&url=https%3a%2f%2fpubs.rsc.org%2fen%2fcontent%2farticlelanding%2f2009%2fdt%2fb910711h" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/twitter.svg" alt="" /> <span class="ver-m">Tweet</span> </a> </div> <div class="c__12 c--fixed"> <a class="btn btn--small btn--block btn--social btn--wechat" href="/en/Image/GetQrCode?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.rsc.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Farticlelanding%2F2009%2Fdt%2Fb910711h" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/wechat.svg" alt="" /> <span class="ver-m">Share</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <form action="/en/results/searchbyauthor" aria-label="Author" id="SearchByAuthor" method="post" role="search"> <div class="autopad"> <h2 class="h--heading3">Search articles by author</h2> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="1" data-givenname="Piero" data-familyname="Zanello"> <label for="1" class="input__label">Piero Zanello</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="2" data-givenname="Serena" data-familyname="Fedi"> <label for="2" class="input__label">Serena Fedi</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="3" data-givenname="Fabrizia Fabrizi" data-familyname="de Biani"> <label for="3" class="input__label">Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="4" data-givenname="Gianluca" data-familyname="Giorgi"> <label for="4" class="input__label">Gianluca Giorgi</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="5" data-givenname="Toru" data-familyname="Amaya"> <label for="5" class="input__label">Toru Amaya</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="6" data-givenname="Hiroyuki" data-familyname="Sakane"> <label for="6" class="input__label">Hiroyuki Sakane</label> </div> <div class="input__checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="7" data-givenname="Toshikazu" data-familyname="Hirao"> <label for="7" class="input__label">Toshikazu Hirao</label> </div> </div> <input type="submit" name="go" id="Search" value="Go" title="Go" class="btn btn--tiny"> <input id="DOI" name="DOI" type="hidden" value="B910711H" /> <input id="selectedAuthors" name="selectedAuthors" type="hidden" value="" /> </div> </form> <input id="authors" name="authors" type="hidden" value="<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ArrayOfAuthorInfo xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Piero</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Piero</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>Zanello</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Piero</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Piero</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>Zanello</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>true</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affa</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>a</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Siena</City>
        <State />
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Italy</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <Role>corres</Role>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>*</string>
      <string>a</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Serena</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Serena</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>Fedi</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Serena</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Serena</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>Fedi</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>false</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affa</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>a</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Siena</City>
        <State />
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Italy</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>a</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Fabrizia Fabrizi</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Fabrizia Fabrizi</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>de Biani</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Fabrizia Fabrizi</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Fabrizia Fabrizi</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>de Biani</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>false</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affa</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>a</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Siena</City>
        <State />
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Italy</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>a</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Gianluca</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Gianluca</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>Giorgi</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Gianluca</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Gianluca</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>Giorgi</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>false</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affa</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>a</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Siena</City>
        <State />
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Italy</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>a</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Toru</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Toru</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>Amaya</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Toru</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Toru</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>Amaya</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>false</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affb</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>b</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Osaka</City>
        <State>Osaka</State>
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Japan</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>b</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Hiroyuki</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Hiroyuki</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>Sakane</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Hiroyuki</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Hiroyuki</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>Sakane</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>false</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affb</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>b</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Osaka</City>
        <State>Osaka</State>
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Japan</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>b</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
  <AuthorInfo>
    <GivenName>Toshikazu</GivenName>
    <FirstName>Toshikazu</FirstName>
    <FamilyName>Hirao</FamilyName>
    <GivenNameNoMarkup>Toshikazu</GivenNameNoMarkup>
    <FirstNameNoMarkup>Toshikazu</FirstNameNoMarkup>
    <FamilyNameNoMarkup>Hirao</FamilyNameNoMarkup>
    <Type>Author</Type>
    <FirstAuthor>false</FirstAuthor>
    <Affiliation>affb</Affiliation>
    <AffiliationInfo>
      <AffiliationInfo>
        <AffiliationId>b</AffiliationId>
        <OrganisationName>Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita</OrganisationName>
        <Address />
        <City>Osaka</City>
        <State>Osaka</State>
        <Postcode />
        <Country>Japan</Country>
        <Emails />
        <Fax />
        <Phone />
        <Url />
        <OrganizationUrl />
      </AffiliationInfo>
    </AffiliationInfo>
    <Role>corres</Role>
    <AffiliationCodes>
      <string>*</string>
      <string>b</string>
    </AffiliationCodes>
    <QualifierName />
  </AuthorInfo>
</ArrayOfAuthorInfo>" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlCitation" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnCitation" data-loaded="false"> <div class="autopad--h fixpadv--m"> <div id="divCitation"> <p> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" style="float:left" /> Fetching data from CrossRef.<br /> This may take some time to load. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlRelatedContent" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnRelatedContent" data-loaded="false"> <div class="autopad--h fixpadv--m"> <div id="divRelatedContent"> <p> <span class="sr-only">Loading related content</span> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" /> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout__content layout__content--padded text--centered"> <h3 class="h--heading4">Spotlight</h3> <div id='div-dfp-ad-1' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-1'); });</script> </div> <h3 class="h--heading4">Advertisements</h3> <div id='div-dfp-ad-2' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-2'); });</script> </div> <div id='div-dfp-ad-3' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-3'); });</script> </div> </section> <section id="pbgrd-mpur-c" class="layout__content layout__content--padded text--centered"></section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div data-id="pnlGlobalFooter"> <div class="rsc-ui"> <!-- start oxygen footer --> <footer class="rsc-footer"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <div class="viewport"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ul> <li class="extra"><a href="https://www.rsc.org">rsc.org</a></li> <li> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/chevron-right.png" width="8" height="8" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/" class="selected">Journals, books &amp; databases</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class='nav' id='pnlSiteMap'> <div class='viewport'> <div class='rsc-logo'> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/rsc-logo-rev-pubs.svg" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage"> </div> <div class='links'> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/'>Home</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/about-us/'>About us</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/membership-and-community/'>Membership &#38; professional community</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/campaigning-outreach/'>Campaigning &#38; outreach</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/'>Journals, books &#38; databases</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/teaching-and-learning/'>Teaching &#38; learning</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/news-events/'>News&#160;&#38; events</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/locations-contacts/'>Locations &#38; contacts</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/careers/'>Careers</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/awards-funding/'>Awards &#38; funding</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/advertise/'>Advertise</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/'>Help &#38; legal</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/legal/privacy/'>Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/legal/terms-conditions/'>Terms &#38; conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class='clear'> </div> </div> <div class='baseline'> <div class='viewport'> <div class='social-icons'> <a href='https://www.facebook.com/RoyalSocietyofChemistry' class='facebook'><span class='sr-only'>Facebook</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/facebook-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://twitter.com/RoySocChem' class='twitter'><span class='sr-only'>Twitter</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/twitter-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://www.linkedin.com/company/23105' class='linkedin'><span class='sr-only'>LinkedIn</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/linkedin-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://www.youtube.com/user/wwwRSCorg' id='lastLinkOnPage' class='youtube'><span class='sr-only'>YouTube</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/youtube-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> </div> <div class='copyright'> &#169; Royal Society of Chemistry 2024<br>Registered charity number: 207890 </div> </div> </div> <hr class='clear'> </footer> <!-- end oxygen footer --> <div class="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer"> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-non-br">This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-global"> See how this site uses <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="See how this site uses cookies" aria-label="See how this site uses cookies">Cookies</a>. </span> <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-ca" style="display: none;"> <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="Do not sell my personal data" aria-label="Do not sell my personal data">Do not sell my personal data</a>. </span> </div> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-br" style="display: none;"> Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experi&ecirc;ncia ao usu&aacute;rio. <span> Veja como este site usa <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="Veja como este site usa cookies" aria-label="Veja como este site usa cookies">Cookies</a>. </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal__canvas modal__canvas--clickclose"> </div> <div class="pubs-nav-drawer" aria-hidden="true"> <nav class="pubs-nav-control" aria-label="Site menu"> <div class="pubs-nav__header"> <a href="#" role="button" class="pubs-header__btn pubs-nav__close nav-item-first" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Close site menu"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross-light.png" width="24" alt=""></a> <a href="/" class="pubs-header__link--home pubs-nav__title" tabindex="-1" title="Publishing home page" aria-label="Publishing home page">Publishing</a> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__body scrollbar--slim"> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Journals</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&amp;value=current" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Current Journals</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&amp;value=archive" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Archive Journals</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&amp;value=all" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">All Journals</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Books</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://books.rsc.org/books/search-results?fl_SiteID=5&amp;page=1&amp;f_ContentType=Book&amp;sort=Date+-+Newest+First" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Browse Books</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://books.rsc.org/books/collections/series" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Series</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/book-authors/propose-book-idea/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Authors and Editors</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/book-authors/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">About</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Databases</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/databases-literature-updates/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Literature Updates</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chemspider.com/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">ChemSpider</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/merck-index" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">The Merck Index*</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://marinlit.rsc.org/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">MarinLit</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">More</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/resources-tools/research-tools/#access" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Members</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/librarian/home" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Librarians</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/journal-email-alerts-service/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Subscribe</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/ealerts/rssfeed" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">RSS Feeds</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://blogs.rsc.org/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Chemistry World</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Education in Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/open-access/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Open Access</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.rsc.org/historical-collection" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Historical Collection</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script> var eCommerceGetOrderItemCountUrl = 'https://www.rsc.org/basket/shoppingcart/getorderitemcount'; var hideNotificationMessageUrl = '/en/home/HideNotificationMessage'; var brandingBarUrl = '/en/home/branding_New'; </script> <script src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/Scripts/dist/vendor.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/Scripts/dist/pubs-ui.min.js"></script> <script> var Model = { IsEnableRelatedContentTab: true, DownloadOptionAsync: '/en/content/checkaccess?msid=b910711h&type=article&pubyear=2009&sercode=dt&publicationdate=2009-09-03&pubstatus=prt&doi=10.1039%2Fb910711h&ispdfexist=True&title=the%20electrochemical%20inspection%20of%20the%20redox%20activity%20of%20sumanene%20and%20its%20concave%20cpfe%20complex&fulltext=pro&checkFullText=True&totalPages=6', ArticleTitleFull: 'the electrochemical inspection of the &lt;annref idrefs=&quot;ann1&quot;&gt;redox activity&lt;/annref&gt; of &lt;compname idrefs=&quot;chem1&quot;&gt;sumanene&lt;/compname&gt; and its concave &lt;compname idrefs=&quot;chem2&quot;&gt;cpfe&lt;/compname&gt; complex - b910711h - sercode=dt' }; var ALPTabs = { "Abstract": { hash: "divAbstract", link: "#btnAbstract", panel: "#pnlAbstract", content: "#divAbout", remoteUrl: "", }, "Citation": { hash: "divCitation", link: "#btnCitation", panel: "#pnlCitation", content: "#divCitation", remoteUrl: '/en/content/forwardlinks?doi=10.1039%2Fb910711h', }, "RelatedContent": { hash: "divRelatedContent", link: "#btnRelatedContent", panel: "#pnlRelatedContent", content: "#divRelatedContent", remoteUrl: '/en/content/relatedarticleschapters/b910711h?title=the%20electrochemical%20inspection%20of%20the%20redox%20activity%20of%20sumanene%20and%20its%20concave%20cpfe%20complex&journalname=Dalton%20Transactions&doctype=Paper&journalthemesCount=0&authorscount=7', subTabs: { "articles": { radio: "articles", links: "#RelatedArticle", content: "#RelatedArticles", hasContent: "hasRelatedArticles" }, "chapters": { radio: "chapters", links: "#RelatedBookChapter", content: "#RelatedBookChapters", hasContent: "hasRelatedBookChapters", }, "themes": { radio: "themes", links: "", content: "#themeIssueNWebcollection", hasContent: "hasRelatedThemes" } } } }; var CheckArticleHtmlButton = function CheckArticleHtmlButton() { var ahtmlBtn = $("a[href*='/content/articlehtml']"), ahtmlBtnText = $.trim(ahtmlBtn.text()), ahtmlBtnHref; if (ahtmlBtnText === "Article HTML") { ahtmlBtnHref = ahtmlBtn.attr("href"); $("#pnlArticleAccess").show(); BindRetryButton(ahtmlBtnHref); LoadArticleHtml(ahtmlBtnHref); } }; var LoadArticleHtml = function LoadArticleHtml(ahtmlUrl) { $.ajax({ url: ahtmlUrl, data: { t2: "y" }, success: function (data) { $("#pnlArticleAccess").remove(); $("#pnlArticleContentLoaded").html(data); LazyLoadImages(); StyleHeadings(); StyleTables(); }, error: function () { $("#thtmlLoadingMessage").hide(); $("#thtmlErrorMessage").show(); }, dataType: "html" }); }; var BindRetryButton = function BindRetryButton(ahtmlUrl) { $("#btnTryAgain").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $("#thtmlLoadingMessage").show(); $("#thtmlErrorMessage").hide(); LoadArticleHtml(ahtmlUrl); }); }; var OpenPopupWindow = function OpenPopupWindow(url, width, height) { var left = (screen.width / 2) - (width / 2), top = (screen.height / 2) - (height / 2); window.open( url, "", "menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,width=" + width + ",height=" + height + ",top=" + top + ",left=" + left ); } var LazyLoadImages = function LazyLoadImages() { $("img[data-original]").lazyload({ effect: "fadeIn", threshold: 200 }); }; var StyleHeadings = function StyleHeadings() { $(".t-html h5.h--heading5").each(function (idx, el) { if ($(this).next().is("h6")) { $(this).css("display", "block").next().css("margin-top", "0"); } }); }; var StyleTables = function StyleTables() { $(".t-html table.table").each(function (idx, el) { var tw = $(this).width(); $(this).parent().css("min-width", tw * 0.8 + "px"); }); }; var ShowALPTab = function ShowALPTab(tabName) { if (ALPTabs.hasOwnProperty(tabName)) { var tab = ALPTabs[tabName], tabPanel = $(tab.panel), tabContent = $(tab.content); // Requires jQuery Address Plugin v1.5 (scripts/jquery.address-1.5.min.js) $.address.value(tab.hash); // If tab was not yet shown if (tabPanel.attr("data-loaded") === "false") { if (tab.remoteUrl) { pubsui.$handler.announcer.update(tabContent.text()); tabContent.load(tab.remoteUrl); } tabPanel.attr("data-loaded", "true"); } } }; $(document).ready(function () { var currentHash = window.location.hash, tabProps, subTabProps, $contentType = $("#contentType"); // Requires jQuery Address Plugin v1.5 (scripts/jquery.address-1.5.min.js) $.address.crawlable(true); $.address.strict(false); $(".btn-icon--loading").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); }); $("#DownloadOption").load(Model.DownloadOptionAsync, CheckArticleHtmlButton); // Bind all tabs $(".tab__btn").on("click", function () { ShowALPTab($(this).attr("id").substring(3)); }); // Bind social sharing buttons $(".btn--social").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); OpenPopupWindow($(this).attr("href"), 800, 600); }); // Override the initial tab selection if the URL hash matches an available tab for (tab in ALPTabs) { tabProps = ALPTabs[tab]; if (currentHash.indexOf(tabProps.hash) !== -1 && $(tabProps.link).length) { $(tabProps.link).trigger("click"); } } if (Model.IsEnableRelatedContentTab) { for (subTab in ALPTabs.RelatedContent.subTabs) { subTabProps = ALPTabs.RelatedContent.subTabs[subTab]; if (currentHash.indexOf(subTabProps.radio) !== -1) { $contentType.val(subTabProps.radio); } } } // Crossmark 'Check for updates' button if (!$("html").hasClass("ie8") && $(".crossmark-button").length) { $.ajax({ url: "https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js", dataType: "script", cache: true }).done(function() { $(".crossmark-button").addClass("visible"); }); } // Search articles by author form $("#Search").click(function () { var authorList = ''; var checkboxeschecked = ''; $('input[type=checkbox][data-givenname][data-familyname]').each(function () { if (this.checked) { checkboxeschecked = 'true'; authorList = $(this).data("givenname") + ":" + $(this).data("familyname") + "|" + authorList; } }); authorList = authorList.slice(0, authorList.length - 1); $("#selectedAuthors").attr("value", authorList); if (checkboxeschecked != 'true') { alert('Please select at least one author'); return false; } }); }); </script> <script src="https://cdn.pbgrd.com/core-rsc.js" async></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10