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The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex - Dalton Transactions (RSC Publishing)
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Model.; citation_volume=13; citation_pages=1173-1213;citation_publication_date=2007; " /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Klamt; citation_author=G. Schüümann; citation_journal_title=J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2; citation_pages=799-805;citation_publication_date=1993; " /> <meta content="The redox properties of sumanene C21H12 and its concave Fe(II) complex [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)]+ have been elucidated through an electrochemical study in non-aqueous solvents, i.e. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile (MeCN). The electron transfer activity of sumanene can be depicted as an irreversible oxidation and a partially chemically reversible one-electron reduction, both processes being located in proximity of the respective discharges of the solvents.The Fe(II) complex [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)](PF6) in turn exhibits the Fe(II)/Fe(I) reduction, which in both DMF and MeCN solvents displays features of partial chemical reversibility, coupled to decomposition of the corresponding Fe(I) species [(畏5-C5H5)Fe(畏6-C21H12)] to fragments which, upon reoxidation, regenerate for the most part the original Fe(II)-sumanene species. In fact, among the fragments produced by exhaustive reduction, ESI measurements allowed the detection of ferrocene, the oxidation of which probably triggers the partial regeneration of the original Fe(II) complex. 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See DOI: 10.1039/b910711h">†</a> </h2> </div> <div class="article__authors"> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3APiero%20Zanello">Piero Zanello</a>,*<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3ASerena%20Fedi">Serena Fedi</a>,<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AFabrizia%20Fabrizi%20de%20Biani">Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani</a>,<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AGianluca%20Giorgi">Gianluca Giorgi</a>,<span><sup><i>a</i></sup></span> </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AToru%20Amaya">Toru Amaya</a>,<span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span> </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AHiroyuki%20Sakane">Hiroyuki Sakane</a><span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span> and </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AToshikazu%20Hirao">Toshikazu Hirao</a>*<span><sup><i>b</i></sup></span> </span> </div> <div class="drawer-control fixpadv--m"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnAuthorAffiliations" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="pnlAuthorAffiliations" class="drawer__handle"> <span class="drawer__icon"></span> Author affiliations </a> <div class="drawer__content" id="pnlAuthorAffiliations" aria-labelledby="btnAuthorAffiliations"> <div> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> * </span> <span> Corresponding authors </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>a</sup> </span> <span> Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via De Gasperi 2, Siena, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>b</sup> </span> <span> Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Osaka, Japan </span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="h--heading3 article-abstract__heading">Abstract</h3> <div class="capsule__column-wrapper"> <div class="capsule__text"> <p xmlns="http://www.rsc.org/schema/rscart38">The <annref idrefs="ann1">redox</annref> properties of <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small> and its concave <compname idrefs="chem3">Fe(II)</compname> complex [(畏<small><sup>5</sup></small>-C<small><sub>5</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>)Fe(畏<small><sup>6</sup></small>-C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>)]<small><sup>+</sup></small> have been elucidated through an electrochemical study in non-aqueous <annref idrefs="ann2">solvents</annref>, <em>i.e. </em><compname idrefs="chem4"><em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylformamide</compname> (<compname idrefs="chem4">DMF</compname>) and <compname idrefs="chem5">acetonitrile</compname> (<compname idrefs="chem6">MeCN</compname>). The <annref idrefs="ann3">electron transfer</annref> activity of <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> can be depicted as an irreversible <annref idrefs="ann4">oxidation</annref> and a partially chemically reversible one-electron <annref idrefs="ann5">reduction</annref>, both processes being located in proximity of the respective discharges of the <annref idrefs="ann2">solvents</annref>.</p><p xmlns="http://www.rsc.org/schema/rscart38">The <compname idrefs="chem3">Fe(II)</compname> complex [(畏<small><sup>5</sup></small>-C<small><sub>5</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>)Fe(畏<small><sup>6</sup></small>-C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>)](PF<small><sub>6</sub></small>) in turn exhibits the <annref idrefs="ann6">Fe(II)</annref>/<compname idrefs="chem7">Fe(I)</compname> <annref idrefs="ann5">reduction</annref>, which in both <compname idrefs="chem8">DMF</compname> and <compname idrefs="chem6">MeCN</compname> <annref idrefs="ann2">solvents</annref> displays features of partial chemical reversibility, coupled to <annref idrefs="ann7">decomposition</annref> of the corresponding <compname idrefs="chem7">Fe(I)</compname> species [(畏<small><sup>5</sup></small>-C<small><sub>5</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>)Fe(畏<small><sup>6</sup></small>-C<small><sub>21</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>)] to fragments which, upon reoxidation, regenerate for the most part the original <compname idrefs="chem9">Fe(II)-sumanene</compname> species. In fact, among the fragments produced by exhaustive <annref idrefs="ann5">reduction</annref>, ESI measurements allowed the <annref idrefs="ann8">detection of</annref> <annref idrefs="ann9">ferrocene</annref>, the <annref idrefs="ann4">oxidation</annref> of which probably triggers the partial <annref idrefs="ann10">regeneration</annref> of the original <compname idrefs="chem3">Fe(II)</compname> complex. The pertinent PM6 semiempirical study accounts for the limited chemical reversibility of the <annref idrefs="ann1">redox</annref> processes exhibited by both <compname idrefs="chem1">sumanene</compname> and its <compname idrefs="chem10">Fe</compname>(II) complex.</p> </div> <div class="capsule__article-image fixpadv--s"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=GA&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.ManuscriptID=B910711H&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.Year=2009" alt="Graphical abstract: The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex" /> </div> </div> <p></p> <div id="pnlArticleAccess" class="article-access fixpadt--xxl" style="display: none; border: 0;"> <div class="article-access__inner" style="background-color: #F1F1F3;"> <div class="article-access__head fixpad--s"> You have access to this article </div> <div class="fixpad--xl"> <div id="pnlViewFullArticleButton" class="paywall__body text--centered"> <div id="pnlArticleLoading"> <span 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