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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lowest level municipal corporation in Pennsylvania</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil township</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Pennsylvania township</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States of America"><img alt="A map showing the location of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, shaded in red, in their contiguous United States of America, shaded in vanilla. The Commonwealth realm of Canada, shaded in silver, is shown to the north, and the Unites 6 Mexican States, also shaded in silver, is shown to the south. The State of Alaska and the State of Hawaii are shown at the bottom left-hand corner, in their own boxes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg/295px-Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="295" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg/443px-Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg/590px-Pennsylvania_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Second-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>township</b>, under the laws of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Pennsylvania">Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a>, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">communities</a> outside of incorporated <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pennsylvania#City" title="Local government in Pennsylvania">cities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">boroughs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bloomsburg,_Pennsylvania#History" title="Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania">one town</a> have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions. </p><p>In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a>, and tend to be located in <a href="/wiki/Suburban" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban">suburban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exurban" class="mw-redirect" title="Exurban">exurban</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pennsylvania#County" title="Local government in Pennsylvania">counties</a> and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Townships in Pennsylvania were created in the 17th century during the colonial-era <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. Much of the province was then occupied by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, but the colonial administration in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> brought new counties and new settlements regularly. </p><p>The first communities defined by the provincial state government tended to be rural, geographically large, and sparsely populated townships.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Townships or portions of them tended to become boroughs after population growth or an increase in population density and, eventually, might to reincorporate at the level of city. Initially, each municipal organization begins as a second-class township. When a sufficient population density, currently 300 people per square mile, was attained, the township had the option of holding a referendum and, if it passed, became a first-class township. The municipality could proceed to the level of borough or city in a similar fashion. Historically, this progression has often included border adjustments or mergers with other boroughs or townships. Many communities remain townships in spite of growth that brings the characteristics of more-urbanized areas that might be associated with "towns."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Pennsylvania's constitution provides for a progression of municipal structures based on population growth, it is not uncommon to have a township and borough of the same or similar name, generally adjacent within the same county. The 'town-like' <a href="/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">borough</a> might be partially or wholly surrounded by the remaining township from which it had split off. </p><p>The government of <a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring_Township,_Lebanon_County,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold Spring Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania">Cold Spring Township</a> ceased to function in 1961, when there were no candidates for office.<sup id="cite_ref-nothing_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nothing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">civil township</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pennsylvania townships typically vary in size from 6 to 40 square miles (16–104 km<sup>2</sup>). There are two classifications of townships, first class and second class.<sup id="cite_ref-citizensguideTWP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizensguideTWP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commonwealth initially incorporates all townships as second class townships. To become a township of the first class and operate under the powers of the First Class Township Code, a township must have a population density of 300 inhabitants per square mile (120/km<sup>2</sup>) and voters therein must approve the change of classification in a referendum. </p><p>The classes of townships differ primarily in the form of their administration. Townships of the second class are governed by a board of supervisors, elected at large by the electorate of the whole township for overlapping six-year terms. The number of supervisors can be increased to five by referendum. Townships of the first class, by contrast, have a board of commissioners. Between five and fifteen commissioners sit on this panel; they can be elected either at large or by wards within the township; and they serve for overlapping terms of four years in office. Other elected officials include a tax collector and, in many townships, a panel of three auditors who annually audit all township accounts. The supervisors or commissioners of the township appoint a secretary and a treasurer, and may also appoint a township manager to coordinate township employees and operations.<sup id="cite_ref-citizensguideTWP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citizensguideTWP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-secondclasscode_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondclasscode-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>County governments may provide some or all municipal services to residents of townships, regardless of class and size, including trash collection or sewage processing. Some counties, though, leave individual municipalities to provide their own services; in some instances small groups of boroughs or townships may pool their resources to provide water, police, or other functions. The main areas of local services include police and fire protection, maintenance of local roads and streets, water supply, sewage collection and treatment, parking and traffic control, local planning and zoning, parks and recreation, garbage collection, health services, libraries, licensing of businesses and code enforcement. All municipalities in Pennsylvania, however, rely on county and state organized courts for probate, criminal, and civil court services.<sup id="cite_ref-citsguideCO_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citsguideCO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_rule_hierarchy">Home rule hierarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Home rule hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Pennsylvania constitution, each governmental entity has the right to choose its own form of self-government, and a limited ability to delegate powers and oversight to such entities as authorities, commissions and school boards.<sup id="cite_ref-citsguideAU_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citsguideAU-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any township, regardless of its class, may adopt a home rule charter, at which point it is no longer governed by the Pennsylvania Township Codes. While a home rule charter can incorporate unusual features, standard municipal functions are generally part of the mix regardless of how offices and powers are allocated within the jurisdiction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania" title="Portal:Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of cities in Pennsylvania">List of cities in Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of places in Pennsylvania">List of places in Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_boroughs_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania">List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_townships_in_Pennsylvania" title="List of townships in Pennsylvania">List of townships in Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The township of <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lausanne Township, Pennsylvania">Lausanne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carbon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Carbon County, Pennsylvania">Carbon County</a>, for instance, was defined in 1808, when it encompassed virtually all the homesteader settlements in Carbon County north of the <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Gap" title="Lehigh Gap">Lehigh Gap</a> (i.e. lands north of Lehighton and Weiss Landing—on opposite banks of the River below the barrier ridge. The hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Landing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lausanne Landing">Lausanne Landing</a> anchored one end of the <a href="/wiki/Lausanne-Nescopeck_Turnpike" class="mw-redirect" title="Lausanne-Nescopeck Turnpike">Lausanne-Nescopeck Turnpike</a>, an important early road connecting <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wilkes-Barre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilkes-Barre">Wilkes-Barre</a> and cutting off over 100 miles over the trip west to Harrisburg then north up the Susquehanna—As the 19th-century progressed, one township after another split off as local industry and real estate allowed populations to coalesce into local towns. As the process progressed, <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Lausanne Township, Pennsylvania">Lausanne Township</a> grew smaller and smaller in each case being dislocated again into a more rural center until the remnant which had once been nearly the whole county, was a small rectangular strip between two ridge lines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">more-urbanized developments —e.g. apartment houses, office buildings, large shopping centers, dense and busy down town streets with a lot of traffic signals.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nothing-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nothing_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2014/11/this_pennsylvania_township_doe.html">"This Central Pennsylvania township does -- and doesn't -- exist"</a>. <i>Pennlive.com</i>. Harrisburg (PA) Patriot-News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pennlive.com&rft.atitle=This+Central+Pennsylvania+township+does+--+and+doesn%27t+--+exist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennlive.com%2Fmidstate%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F11%2Fthis_pennsylvania_township_doe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownship+%28Pennsylvania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citizensguideTWP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citizensguideTWP_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citizensguideTWP_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dced.pa.gov/download/citizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf/">"Townships"</a>. <i>Citizen's Guide to Pennsylvania Local Government, eleventh edition (pdf)</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citizen%27s+Guide+to+Pennsylvania+Local+Government%2C+eleventh+edition+%28pdf%29&rft.atitle=Townships&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdced.pa.gov%2Fdownload%2Fcitizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownship+%28Pennsylvania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-secondclasscode-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-secondclasscode_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psats.org/subpage.php?pageid=secondclasstownshipcode">"Second Class Township Code"</a>. Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+Class+Township+Code&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+Association+of+Township+Supervisors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psats.org%2Fsubpage.php%3Fpageid%3Dsecondclasstownshipcode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownship+%28Pennsylvania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citsguideCO-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citsguideCO_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dced.pa.gov/download/citizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf/#.V6nqHUeOxtQ">"County Government"</a>. <i>Citizen's Guide to Pennsylvania Local Government (pdf)</i>: 8. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2016</span>. <q>The eleven elected county officers are enumerated in the Pennsylvania Constitution, but their powers and duties are prescribed by statutes located throughout the county codes and general state laws. Consolidation of certain offices in smaller counties involves the offices of prothonotary, clerk of courts, register of wills and recorder of deeds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citizen%27s+Guide+to+Pennsylvania+Local+Government+%28pdf%29&rft.atitle=County+Government&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdced.pa.gov%2Fdownload%2Fcitizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf%2F%23.V6nqHUeOxtQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownship+%28Pennsylvania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citsguideAU-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citsguideAU_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dced.pa.gov/download/citizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf/#.V6nqHUeOxtQ">"Authorities"</a>. <i>Citizen's Guide to Pennsylvania Local Government (pdf)</i>: 10. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2016</span>. <q>The original reason for establishing authorities was the restriction on incurring municipal debt imposed by the Commonwealth prior to the 1968 constitutional amendments, but they have proven useful mechanisms, particularly for joint municipal projects. As of January 2010, there were 1,539 active authorities in Pennsylvania.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citizen%27s+Guide+to+Pennsylvania+Local+Government+%28pdf%29&rft.atitle=Authorities&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdced.pa.gov%2Fdownload%2Fcitizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf%2F%23.V6nqHUeOxtQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownship+%28Pennsylvania%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dced.pa.gov/download/citizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf/#.V6nqHUeOxtQ">"Citizen's Guide to Pennsylvania Local Government, 2018"</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dced.pa.gov/download/citizens-guide-to-pennsylvania-local-government-pdf/#.V6nqHUeOxtQ">"Citizen's Guide to Pennsylvania Local Government, 2010"</a> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&oldid=1223492463">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Township_(Pennsylvania)&oldid=1223492463</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Townships_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Townships in Pennsylvania">Townships in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Local government in Pennsylvania">Local government in Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2024">Use mdy dates from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_August_2016" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2016">Articles to be expanded from August 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 May 2024, at 14:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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